Numbering Systems for Alloys-1 (1)

8/2/2019 Numbering Systems for Alloys-1 (1)

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Numbering Systems for Alloys

Ref:Engineering Materials Propertieand Selection, K.G. Budinskiand M. K. Budinski, 7th ed., Prentice Hall,

2002 (Chap. 8 16)

SAE AISI


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How can you tell the others exactlywhich kind of material you want?


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Figure 1 (a) In a blast furnace,

iron ore is reduced using coke(carbon) and air to produce liquidpig iron. The high-carbon contentin the pig iron is reduce byintroducing oxygen into the basicoxygen furnace to produce liquid

steel. An electric arc furnace canbe used to produce liquid steel bymelting scrap. (b) Schematic of ablast furnace operation. (Source:www.steel.org. Used with

permission of the American Ironand Steel Institute.)


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What do these codes mean?

AISI 1020 steelASTM A 29 grade 1020 steel

UNS G10200

SAE 1006

6061-T63003-H38


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What You Should Include in theSpecifications of a Material ?

Description: e.g. steel, hot-finished, low-carbon, bar, ASTM A29 grade B

Dimension

Chemical composition

Mechanical properties

Dimension tolerance: LWH, flatness, etc.

Finish: hot-rolled, cold rolled, patterned

Special requirements: heat treatment,texture, etc.


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Ferrous Alloys


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Features of the Fe - Fe3C Diagram

Liquid

Cementite

(Austenite)

g +Liquid2.11

0.02

727

g +Fe C3

Fe C3

+ Fe C3

a0.77

912

1148

4.3

Atomic % Carbon

5 10 15 20 25

1 2 3 4 5 6 6.7

Weight % Carbon

1000

1200

1400

1600

40 0

60 0

80 0

Temperatu

re(C)d

g

Austenite

a Ferrite

Fe3CCementite


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Some Specifications applicable to SteelProducts and other Metals

SpecificationsSAE-AISI Society of Automotive Engineers American Iron

and Steel InstituteASTM(UNS)

American Society for Testing and Materials(www.astm.org)

ASME American Society of Mechanical EngineersMIL U.S. Department of DefenseAMS Aerospace Materials SpecificationBS British Standards Institution

(http://www.bsi-global.com/index.xalter)EN European Committee for Standardization

(http://www.cenorm.be)
http://www.astm.org/http://www.bsi-global.com/index.xalterhttp://www.cenorm.be/http://www.cenorm.be/http://www.bsi-global.com/index.xalterhttp://www.bsi-global.com/index.xalterhttp://www.bsi-global.com/index.xalterhttp://www.astm.org/


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Classifications ofSteel


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The Most Widely Used System

for Designating Steels SAE-AISI


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Unified Numbering System (UNS)

Developed by ASTM andSAE

Not a specification but onlyidentify an alloy coveredby other standards

The 5 digits closely relatedto the original identificationsystem. E.g. AISI 1020 =G10200

Adopted by the CopperDevelopment Associationas official identificationsystem for Cu alloys


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Most Frequently Used Carbon andAlloy Steels in the US

SAE 1010: formed sheet-metal parts

SAE 1020: general machine applications

SAE 1040: flame- or induction-hardenedparts

ASTM A36: structural steel

SAE 4140: high-strength machine partsSAE 4340: high-strength machine parts

SAE 8620: carburized wear parts


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Design the materials and heat treatments for an automobileaxle and drive gear

ExampleDesign of Surface-Hardening Treatments

for a Drive Train

Figure 1 Sketchof axle andgear assembly .


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Tool Steel Categories


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Tool Steel Types

High alloy content and thus high hardenability

Melted by electric furnace for cleanliness andalloy content control

Melted in small heats and subjected to tightquality control


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Stainless Steel Family


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Crucial Properties of Stainless Steels


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A Repertoire of Stainless Steels

Type Uses430

S43000

For rust resistance on decorative annonfunctional parts

416

S41600

Hardened to 30 HRC and use for jigs, fixtures

and base plates420

S42000

Harden to 50-52 HRC for tools that do notrequire high wear resistance (e.g. injection-molding cavities, nozzles, holding blocks, etc)

440C

S44004

Harden to 58-60 HRC for cutting devices,punches and dies


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A Repertoire of Stainless Steels

Type Uses

303

S30300

For fasteners and shafts where only rust orsplash and spill resistance are needed

304/L All types of chemical immersion

316/L All types of chemical immersion where 304 isnot adequate

17-4 PH

S17400

High stress fasteners, shafting, agitators andmachine supports; age hardened

17-7 PH

S17700

Harden to condition CH900 for chemical-resistant springs


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Aluminium Alloys


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Wrought Aluminium Alloys AluminumAssociation designation system

Major Alloying Elements Series

Commercially pure aluminium (99% min) 1000

Copper (major alloying element) 2000

Manganese 3000Silicon 4000

Magnesium 5000

Magnesium and silicon 6000Zinc 7000

Other elements 8000

Unused series 9000

Second digit designatesmill control on specificelements

The last two digitshave no significance,

except

Indicate the Al contentabove 99%, e.g. 1040

has 99.40% Al


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Cast Aluminium Alloy Designations

Major Alloying Elements SeriesAluminium + silicon 1-99 (old system)

99.5 min. aluminium 1xx.x

Copper 2xx.x

Silicon + copper or magnesium 3xx.x

Silicon 4xx.x

Magnesium 5xx.x

Unused series 6xx.xZinc 7xx.x

Tin 8xx.x

Other Element 9xx.x

The last digit indicatesproduct form: 0 for a

casting, 1 for ingotform

Addi i l D i i f h


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Additional Designation of thestate of the Aluminium Alloy

Al alloys can be precipitation hardenedand work-hardened to different extents.

xxxx-F As fabricated, no special controlxxxx-W Solution heat-treated (used only on alloys

that naturally age harden)

xxxx-O Annealed (Wrought alloys only)

xxxx-H Strain hardened (cold worked to increasestrength), wrought alloys only

xxxx-T Thermally treated to produce effects otherthan F, O, or H

T f St i H d i d


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Types of Strain Hardening andthermal treatment

xxxx-H1 Strain hardened only

xxxx-H2 Strain hardened and partially

annealed

xxxx-H2 Strain hardened and stabilized bylow-temperature thermal

treatmentxxxx-H4 Strain hardened and lacquered or

painted


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Degree of Strain Hardening

The second digit indicate the degree of strainhardening

1 indicates smallest amount of cold-work and8 indicates maximum of cold work

xxxx-H_2 Quarter-hard

xxxx-H_4 Half-hard

xxxx-H_6 Three-quarters hard

xxxx-H_8 Full-hard


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Temper Designations

xxxx-T1 Cooled from a hot working temperatureand naturally aged

xxxx-T2 Cooled from an elevated temperature,cold worked, and naturalled aged (means

annealed for cast products)xxxx-T3 Furnace solution heat treated, quenched

and cold worked

xxxx-T4 Furnace solution heat treated, quenched,

and naturally aged

xxxx-T5 Quenched from a hot-work temperatureand furnace aged


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Temper Designations

xxxx-T6 Furnace solution heat treated quenchedand furnace aged

xxxx-T7 Furnace solution heat treated andstabilized

xxxx-T8 Furnace solution heat treated, quenched,cold worked, and furnace aged

xxxx-T9 Furnace solution heat treated, quenched,furnace aged and cold-worked

xxxx-T10 Quenched from an elevated temperatureshaping process, cold worked, andfurnace aged

Other variations can be denoted by adding more digits after

these designations


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Examples

3003-H38: 3003 alloy cold finished to fullhard temper and stress relieved by a lowtemperature treatment

6061-T6: 6061 alloy, solution heat treated andfurnace aged hardened.


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Most commonly used Aluminium alloys

Wrought alloys

1100 (pure Al)

2024*

3003 5052

6061*

6063*

7075*

Sand Cast

355.0*

Die Cast 380.0

*: can be age hardened

Blue shaded: mainly foraerospace applications


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More to come

Steels and Al alloys are the most widely usedalloysOther important classes are Cu alloys, Mg

alloys, Ni alloys and Ti alloys, etc.ASM Metals Handbook or ASTMyearbooks are always good places to start

when looking for the alloys information


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Thank You!!Discussions?

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Numbering Systems for Alloys-1 (1)