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Raw mean = 6.0 sd = 3.6

Removing skew mean = 4.2, sd = 1.2

The Role of SAHRA Science is to significantly improve the understanding and management of water resources in semi-arid regions?

• identify and fill gaps in the scientific understanding of critical hydrological processes

• develop management tools firmly based on physical understanding and realism

The evolution of proto-observatory development in the NSF-STC SAHRA

Integration through a Basin Focus

San Pedro River

Salt / VerdeRivers

Upper Rio Grande

Rio Conchos

What are the effects of Vegetation and Vegetation Change on Basin-Scale Water Balance ?

Coordinated Research Efforts in Arizona and New Mexico

Developing Environmental Observatories

Winter precipitation dominant with Winter precipitation dominant with cold, continental snowpack at cold, continental snowpack at elevationelevation

Monsoon precipitation dominant Monsoon precipitation dominant without consistent winter without consistent winter snowcoversnowcover

Question driven, long-term interdisciplinary investments

Observatories – Coordinated, Interdisciplinary Research in Nested Catchments

• Incoming Precipitation as Rain/ Snow

• Atmosphere-Land Surface H2O,CO2, and Energy Balance

• Partitioning of Precipitation intoInfiltration, Runoff, and Recharge

• Vegetation Water Use/ Plant Physiological Ecology

•Soil Development

• Groundwater flow

• Distributed data collection

• Nested Catchments