NSD Prospectus 2012

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jk"Vh; ukV~; foky;NATIONAL SCHOOL OF DRAMA


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National School o Drama

The National School o Drama is one o the oremost theatre training institutions in the world

and the only one o its kind in I ndia. Established in 1959 as a constituent unit o the Sangeet

Natak Akademi, the School became an independent entity in 1975 and was registered as an

autonomous organisation under the Societies Registration Act XXI o 1860, ully nanced

by the Ministry o Culture, Government o India.

The School oers an intensive and comprehensive three-year course o training in theatreand allied arts. Successul candidates are awarded a Diploma in Dramatic Arts ater

completion o the course. Training is based on a careully planned syllabus which covers

every aspect o theatre, and in which theory is related to practice. As a part o the training,

students are required to produce plays that are then perormed beore a public audience.

The School has two perorming wings: the Repertory Company, which was started in 1964,

and the Theatre-in-Education Company (Sanskaar Rang Toli), which was ounded in 1989. On

completion o the three-year diploma course, successul candidates may be considered or

enrolment into either o these two Companies, or they may work on a project or dissertation

on theatre or which ellowships o a years duration are granted. The Extension Programme

o the School, under which workshops or adults and children are conducted in various parts

o the country, was launched in 1978.


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National School o Drama 1

Notications 2

Training at the National School o Drama 4

Subjects o Study 5

Syllabus 8

Admission-related Matters 16

General Inormation 20

Extension Programme 23

Sanskaar Rang Toli 23

Repertory Company 23

Faculty 24

Administrative and Technical Sta 32

Notifcation by the Government o India,Ministry o Education and Culture,Recognizing the Diploma

No. RC.Q. 11023/22/77/T7/7

Government o India

Ministry o Education & Culture

(Department o Education)

New Delhi, dated the 6th September, 1980

OFFICE MEMORANDUM

On the recommendation o the Board o Assessment oEducational Qualications, the Government o India has

decided to recognize the Diploma in Dramatics awarded

by the National School o Drama, New Delhi ater the three

years course, or the purpose o recruitment to superior

posts and services, under the Central Government where

specialization in the eld o Dramatics i s required.

Sd.- (M.S. SRINIVASAN)

DIRECTOR (TECH.)

To

1. All the Ministries and Departments o Government o

India.

2. All State Governments and Union Territories (Education

Departments)

3. The Four Regional Ofces o the Ministry o Education

and Culture.

4. All Directors o Technical Education.

5. Union Public Service Commission (with 5 spare copies).

6. Sta Selection Commission, Khan Market, Lok Nayak

Bhawan, New Delhi.

7. All State Public Service Commissions.

8. Association o Indian Universities, D.D. Upadhyaya Marg,

New Delhi.

9. D.P.I.O. (Ministry o Education), Shastri Bhawan, New

Delhi.

10. All Boards o Apprenticeship Trainings

TRUE COPY

Notifcation by Association o IndianUniversities, Recognizing the Diploma

SEAL

Telegrams: UNIBOARD

ASSOCIATION OF INDIAN UNIVERSITIES

Deendayal Upadhyaya Marg, New Delhi 110002

NO. EV/II (414)/81/39395

19 October 1981

R.P. MongaSection Ofcer

Dear Shri Karanth,

Please reer to my letter o even number

dated 14th May 1981.

The Equivalence Committee o this

Association at its meeting held on

12th October 1981, considered the

question o equivalence o the Diploma

in Dramatics awarded by the National

School o Drama, New Delhi. I am giving

below the resolution adopted thereon.

Resolved that those who have a B.A.

degree and have obtained a Diploma

in Dramatics rom the National School

o Drama, New Delhi be considered as

having obtained an M.A. degree and

as such be eligible or appointment as

teachers in colleges and universities

and or purpose o registration to Ph.D.

Yours Sincerely

Sd/- (R.P. Monga)

Shri B.V. Karanth

Director, National School o Drama

Bahawalpur House, Bhagwandas Road

New Delhi 110 001

ContentsNotifications

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The National School o Drama oers a

three-year, ull-time Diploma course in

Dramatic Arts or students intending to

make theatre their proession.

The central aim o the course is to prepare students or the practice o theatre.

To this end, a variety o practical skills need to be developed and a corpus o

knowledge acquired. While all areas o study are assessed separately and a

high standard o work demanded in each, the primary objective o the course

is to develop creativity and its imaginative expression within the collective

ramework o a group.

Training at the National School of Drama Subjects of Study

MODERN INDIAN DRAMA DevelopmentofmodernIndiantheatrefromthemid-

19th century with an emphasis on the contemporary

theatre scene

Regionallanguagetheatre:theoryandpractice

CLASSICAL INDIAN DRAMA ClassicalIndiandramaandaesthetics

HistoryofSanskritdrama

DetailedanalysisofselectedSanskritplaysandtheir

interpretation in terms o their dramatic structure as

laid down in the Natyashastra, their perormances and

audiences in the ancient period, and their signicance

or contemporary theatre

WORLD DRAMA HistoryofworlddramawithanemphasisonGreek

tragedies, Shakespearean drama, modern and

contemporary plays

VOICE & SPEECH Exercisestoachievebreathcontrol,clarityandaudibility

in speech, to enable students to perorm a variety o

roles on the stage with ease

YOGA Physicaltness,anincreaseddegreeofalertness,

grace and concentration, and maximum use o voice

capabilities, achieved through the practice oasanas,

kriyas and pranayam

MIME & MOVEMENT Modernmovementtrends:theoryandpractice

LearningtheprinciplesofShilpashastra and

Natyashastra

Expressionofhumanexperienceandactivities

through body language such as gestures, postures and

movements

Abhinaya (stylised acting) through physiological

observation and expression o persons and objects

THEATRE MUSIC Enhancingthemusicalsensibilityofstudentsthrough

knowledge o various sounds and rhythmic patterns,

evolved rom the text o the play

Inculcatingasenseofstagemusicinaestheticterms

and as a total theatreconcept based on theatre-specic

uses

ACTING & IMPROVISATION Drawingout,mouldingandreningindividualtalent

by shaping actorsbodies and voices, sharpeningtheir imagination and sensitivities, and tapping their

emotional resources

Enhancingenvironmentalandexperientialawareness,

and helping to establish acting skills and techniques

Teachingandfamiliarisingstudentswiththemajor

codied theories and methods o acting

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Subjects of Study Subjects of Study

COSTUME DESIGN Historyofcostumedesign

Interpretationandstylesofcostumedesign

STAGE LIGHTING Objectivesoflighting

Lightingplan

Lightingequipment

Elementarystudyofelectricity

and handling o the switchboard

MAKE-UP Dierentstylesofmake-up:

theory and practice

PRODUCTION Techniquesof

moving rom the text

to the stage

Structureofplays

Languagesofperformance

Theartofdirection

Understandingofsound,musicandvisualdesign

Selectionandstudyofplays

APPRECIATION COURSES AND WORKSHOP SESSIONS Apartfromtheabovecourses,theSchoolalso

organises appreciation courses and workshop sessions

on various aspects o Indian art and culture.

THEATRE ARCHITECTURE DevelopmentoftheatreintheEastwithspecial

emphasis on theatre orms in the Natyashastra, and in

Southeast Asia, China and Japan

Contemporarytheatrearchitectureandstagedesignin

the East, especially portable and xed open-air theatre

and other architectural conventions suited to Indian

conditions

EvolutionoftheatreformsandstagedesignsintheWestrom the Greek to the Modern periods

SCENIC DESIGN Conceptsandphilosophybehinddesign

Ideasandmethodsofstagedesigners

Stageconstructionandstagetechniques

Basicsofsetdesignandmakingmodels

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Training in the School is based on a thorough, comprehensive and

careully planned syllabus that covers every aspect o theatre rom

theory to practice, and the results o which are put to test beore

a wide audience. The syllabus takes into account the methods o

eminent theatre personalities who have shaped contemporary

theatre in all its orms and expressions.

It includes broad-based training in classical Indian and Western

dramatic traditions, Indian traditional and olk theatre, modern

theatre trends in India and abroad, introduction o theatre trends o

the world, and specialised training in Indian theatre traditions.

FIRST YEARIntroduction to Acting

Introduction to Theatre Techniques &

Design

Theatre History, Literature & Aesthetics

SECOND YEARSpecialisation in Acting OR

Theatre Techniques & Design

Theatre History, Literature & Aesthetics

THIRD YEARSpecialisation chosen in the second year

continues

The FIRST YEAR is divided into two

semesters. The rst semester (July

December) is devoted to the basics o

acting, theatre techniques & design, and

theatre history & aesthetics. In the second

semester the same subjects are studied in

detail.

In the SECOND YEAR the students

choose their area o specialisation. This

year is also broadly divided into two

semesters: the third and the ourth.

The third semester covers theatre

history, literature & aesthetics, acting

(specialisation), and theatre techniques

& design (specialisation). The ourth

semester ocuses urther on theatre

history, literature & aesthetics, acting

(specialisation), and theatre techniques &

design (specialisation).

The THIRD YEAR syllabus aims at giving

students advanced training in their area o

specialisation: acting or theatre techniques

& design.

The Schools aculty and visiting teachers,

comprising theatre practitioners rom

India and abroad, design study modules

and impart training to students each year.

The training includes classroom lectures,

a series o intensive workshops, and

appreciation courses in lm and other arts.

Since it is situated in the cultural hub o

the capital o India, s tudents o the School

have the opportunity to watch a variety o

other plays being perormed, rom both

India and abroad. Delhi also oers rich are

in the visual arts, music and dance, which

in turn serve to broaden the students

perspective and awareness, and their

understanding o theatre.

Syllabus Syllabus

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first yearfrst semester

The rst semester concentrates on study o the sel and its

application to theatre.

INTRODUCTION TO ACTING

Performanceskills(basic),physicalpreparation,yoga.

VOICE, SPEECH & MUSIC Exercisesthatfocusonbreathing,humming,pitch,volume

and singing.

IMPROVISATION & ACTING Throughimprovisation,silentandword-oriented,students

learn to see, hear, believe, react, observe and concentrate.

The ocus is on study o the sel, the sel and others, and

the sel and society.

MOVEMENTStudentslearnhowtousetheirbody,voiceandimagination.

Theylearnhowtobeawareofthebodyandconcentrate

on its rhythm, enter space and loosen their limbs.

Studentsacquireactingskillsthroughclassesfocusedon

an understanding o the sel.

INTRODUCTION TO THEATRE TECHNIQUES & DESIGN Basicskillsintechnicaldrawing,sketching,carpentryand

other crats.

Introductiontolighting,make-up,historyoftheatre

architecture and conventions.

THEATRE HISTORY, LITERATURE & AESTHETICS ModernIndiandrama,worlddramaandautobiographies.

Non-Indiantraditionsofmodernclassics,likeshortstories,

poetry and lms.

Inaesthetics,thehistoryofartandcivilisationisexamined

through paintings.

first yearsecond semester

INTRODUCTION TO ACTING Workonbasicperformanceskillscontinues.

Basictextandspeechanalysis.

Scene-workandrehearsalsofmodernrealistictexts,culminating in an in-house production.

INTRODUCTION TO THEATRE TECHNIQUES & DESIGN Classestodevelopbasictechnicalskillsincarpentry,

mask-making and model-making continue.

Basicconceptsandmethodsofscenicdesign,

costume design and lighting.

THEATRE HISTORY, LITERATURE & AESTHETICS StudyofregionalIndiantheatre,worlddrama

and the history o major trends i n world theatre

starting with Greek theatre.

Lecturesonthehistoryofartandcivilisationcontinue.

Syllabus Syllabus

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second yearthird semester

Work in this semester ocuses on classical traditions, both

Indian and non-Indian. Students select rom two streams

o specialisation: Acting OR Theatre Techniques & Design.

Theatre History, Literature & Aesthetics, and Production

are subjects common to both.

ACTING(Specialisation)

ActinginclassicalIndiandrama:studyofthereligious

roots o the orm, stylized gestures, movement, dance

andpurvarang (live music played beore a perormance).

ActinginclassicalGreekdrama:studyofanimaland

human masks, chorus, story-telling and verse-speaking.

Scene-workonParsi/Sanskrit/Greektheatre.

THEATRE TECHNIQUES & DESIGN(Specialisation)

Designingaclassicaltext.

Historyoftheatredesign,periodcostume,lighting,

poster designing, graphics and model-making.

THEATRE HISTORY, LITERATURE & AESTHETICS(Common to students o both specialisations)

Theatrehistory:oralmyths,epics,Natyashastra, Poetics,

Greek and Sanskrit texts.

Aesthetics:principlesofIndianaesthetics,architecture

and painting.

PRODUCTION(Common to students o both specialisations)

Methodologiesofproductionanddirection.

Productionswillbeopenedtothepublicfromthissemester onwards. They will include a Sanskrit/verse

play and a play based on a traditional orm.

Therewillbeextensiveeldworkintheregionalrootsof

the orm. Actors will demonstrate and hone their acting

skills through these productions.

Designstudentswillparticipateinproductionworkas

stage managers and apprentices in the elds o lighting,

set design and costume design.

ACTING / THEATRE TECHNIQUES & DESIGN(Specialisations)

ActingforShakespeareantextswillincludetrainingfor

a perormance on an open stage, and verse and prose

speech.

Actingforfarcewillincludeclowningroutines,mask-

work and work on commedia delarte (methods o

improvisation in comedy and arce).

Scene-workwillbeperformedonaShakespeareantext

or arce. Related work on speech, movement and music

will continue.

THEATRE HISTORY, LITERATURE & AESTHETICS(Common to students o both specialisations)

HistoryofIndianandnon-Indiantheatreswillcontinue

with additional inputs on Indian olk texts and

adaptations.

PRODUCTION(Common to students o both specialisations)

Apublicperformance,eitherafarceoraShakespearean

play, will be prepared and staged.

second yearourth semester

Syllabus Syllabus

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third yearThe third year syllabus is planned to give

students advanced training in their

specialisation Acting OR Theatre Techniques

& Design through a series o workshops conducted byestablished theatre practitioners.

For Acting students, the workshops may include advanced

work with mask and gag routines, puppetry, computer

applications in theatre, realistic acting, and/or detailed work

on the objectives and handling o props.

For Theatre Techniques & Design students, advanced courses

in light design, scenic design, and projects on designing

auditoria and lighting or dierent kinds o spaces will be

conducted.

Film appreciation courses and a workshop on the

connection between theatre and the media may

also be included.

Productions o Indian and non-Indian texts, or which the

students will do design work under the supervision o experts,will be perormed during this year or ticketed audiences.

Syllabus Syllabus

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APPLICATION PROCESSIn the year 2012, 26 students will be selected or

the three-year, ull-time course in Dramatic Arts.

The candidates should apply in the prescribed

application orm.

The process o admission is as ollows:

Theprospectusandapplicationformareavailable

on request by post or may be download rom the

website o the School, www.nsd.gov.in

Requestsfortheapplicationformandprospectus

by post should be accompanied by a demand

drat o Rs 225, inclusive o Rs 75 or postage,

drawn in avour oThe Director, National School

o Drama.

ApplicationformsdownloadedfromtheSchool's

website should be submitted along with a

demand drat o Rs 150, drawn i n avour oThe

Director, National School o Drama.

ThedemanddraftsshouldbecrossedAccount

Payee only.

Testimonials,copiesofcerticatesandfour

recent passport-size, colour photographs, non-

returnable, should be attached to the application. Candidatesmayberequiredtoproduceoriginal

documents/certicates at the time o the

interview.

Applicationforms(requestedbypostor

downloaded rom the website), duly lled in

and complete in all respects, must be sent by

speed post to The Academic Department,

National School o Drama, Bahawalpur House,

Bhagwandas Road, New Delhi 110 001.

MINIMUM QUALIFICATIONS FOR ADMISSION Graduationinanysubjectfromarecognised

university.

Prociencyinthemothertongue,anda

working knowledge o Hindi and English.

Activeparticipationinatleastsixtheatre

productions or in any eld related to theatre.

AGE Thecourseisopentomenandwomenbetween

the ages o 20 and 30 years.

Theupperagelimitmayberelaxedbyveyears

or candidates belonging to the SC/ST categories.

MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION ThemediumofinstructionisHindiand/orEnglish,

depending on the subject. Plays, however, are

perormed mostly in Hindi.

SELECTION PROCESSThe screening o applicants is carried out in two stages.

The preliminary screening comprises an audition or

practical test, and is conducted in New Delhi and our

other centres, usually Kolkata, Bengaluru, Mumbai and

Guwahati.

Candidates recommended by the Preliminary Selection

Committee will go through a nal round o selection

in New Delhi, which is in the orm o a our to ve-day

workshop. In this nal selection emphasis will be on thecandidates attitude towards learning and participating in

collective creation. To make the selection process broad-

based, it is ensured that selected candidates represent as

many states and union territories as possible.

Candidates called or the nal round o selection will be

paid TA/DA rom their hometown to the place o interview

in Delhi and back, by the shortest route, ater they provide

2nd class train/bus tickets, receipts, etc. They will be given

accommodation in the School hostel.

RESERVATION FOR CANDIDATES BELONGING TO

SC/ST/OBC CATEGORIESOut o the 26 seats, 5 seats are reserved or SC/ST

candidates and 5 or OBC candidates, preerably rom

amilies traditionally belonging to the perorming arts.

ADMISSION FOR CANDIDATES OF

FOREIGN NATIONALITYCandidates o oreign nationality may take admission in

the course. However, because o the limited number o

seats, it is not easible to accommodate more than one or

two oreign nationals in each session. Such students have

to submit their applications through the Indian Embassy/

High Commission in their countries, who will orward

these to the Indian Council or Cultural Relations (ICCR),

New Delhi. The School will then consider the applicationsrecommended by the ICCR.

RECOGNITION OF THE COURSE FOR RECRUITMENT

TO SUPERIOR POSTS AND SERVICES UNDER

GOVERNMENT OF INDIAThe Diploma in Dramatic Arts awarded by the School is

recognised by the Government o India or the purpose

o recruitment to superior posts and services under the

Central Government where specialisation is required in the

eld o dramatics. The Diploma is equivalent to a Masters

degree in dramatics, and NSD graduates are eligible or

appointment as teachers in colleges and universities,

as well as or registration in research and doctoral

programmes.

Admission-related Matters Admission-related Matters

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OBLIGATIONS OF SELECTED CANDIDATESTraining at the National School o Drama is rigorous and

requires hard physical work to acquire proessionalism.

Students are required to maintain sound health and

possess enough stamina to participate in theatre practice.

Selected candidates are thereore required to submit a

medical certicate rom a recognised medical authority.

Medical tness is obligatory. The School reserves the

right to get any student checked by a competent medical

authority in this regard, at any given time. I ound unt, it

may not be possible or the School, despite all sympathy,

to allow the student to continue his or her study in the

School.

Selected candidates are not permitted to receive any

scholarship rom any other source. They are required to

urnish an undertaking in the prescribed orm stating non-

receipt o scholarship rom any other source.

Selected candidates are required to join the School on the

rst day o the new session. The School does not accept

students who do not join at the very beginning, or who

cannot continue or the ull period o three years. The new

session usually starts in mid-July every year.

FEES, DUES AND DEPOSITS

Candidates selected or admission will have to pay all ees

and other dues, as listed below, beore the opening day,

ailing which they will not be admitted into the School.

Admission ee: Rs 150

Tuition ee: Rs 150 per month

StudentsUnion membership ee: Rs 60 per year

Costume ee or exercise classes: Rs 1,500 (approx.)

Advance ee or make-up kit: Rs 2,000 (adjustable)

Caution money and library ee deposit: Rs 9,000

(reundable ater nal settlement o accounts)

Stationery ee: Rs 1,650

HOSTEL, MESS AND OTHER MISCELLANEOUS DUESHostel rent per student: Rs 200 per month

Electricity and water charges: Rs 100 per month

(adjustable as per consumption)

Medical charges: Rs 100 per month

Mess charges (or lunch and dinner): Rs 1,350 per month

(likely to vary)

Students are advised to keep an additional provision o

Rs 1,000 at the time o joining, to cover any price rise/hike

that may occur in the above-mentioned items.

SCHOLARSHIPThe School awards a scholarship o Rs 6,000 (Rupees

Six thousand only) per month to selected candidates.

Students who are awarded such scholarships by the

School will be required:

(a) To execute a bond o Rs 2,16,000 (Rupees Two lakh

sixteen thousand only) to the eect that i he/she decides

to discontinue training beore the end o three years, oris made to discontinue on disciplinary grounds, he/she

will return all the money paid to him/her beore such

discontinuance.

(b) To urnish a surety o Rs 2,16,000 (Rupees Two lakh

sixteen thousand only), duly attested by a District

Magistrate/Collector/Deputy Commissioner (Revenue

Authorities).

INSURANCESelected candidates are covered by a Risk Cover Insurance

Policy and are required to pay the premium amount, which

may work out to between Rs 150 and Rs 200 annually. The

School does not take any other responsibility beyond this

insurance cover.

WORKING HOURSClasses are normally held rom 8 am to 6 pm, with tea

and lunch breaks. Rehearsals and other practical work my

continue in the evenings till such time as required, and

also on holidays as the case may be.

VACATIONSEach academic year is divided into two semesters. The rst

semester is rom mid-July to mid-December, ollowed by the

winter vacation rom mid-December to mid-January. The

second semester is rom mid-January to mid-May, ollowed

by the summer vacation rom mid-May to mid-July.

These, however, may be changed or curtailed by the

School in special circumstances.

BOARD AND LODGINGThere are separate hostels or girls and boys.

Accommodation provided to the students may be on a

room-sharing or dormitory basis. It is compulsory or all

students to join the hostel.

Admission-related Matters Admission-related Matters

18 19

G l I f i G l I f i


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ATTENDANCE RULESIn order to be eligible or their examination, rst-year

students have to maintain a minimum o 90% attendance

in all classes (including morning classes), and at rehearsals

and productions. Second-year and third-year students

will have to maintain a minimum attendance o 75% in

classes or each group, i.e. acting, production, literatureand stagecrat as a whole, and 90% attendance in morning

classes and rehearsals.

In addition to attendance, punctuality is required or all

classes, exercises, lectures, rehearsals, etc. Late attendance

or three days or absence rom three classes will be treated

as equivalent to one ull days absence.

The above requirement o minimum attendance may,

however, be relaxed in exceptional cases at the discretion

o the Director and the Faculty.

The attendance o students at the above percentages

will be calculated on a semester basis, and any student

ailing to ull the required level o attendance will not

be allowed to appear in the semester examination. Such

students will then oreit the right to continue their studies

in the School.

Medical leave or a period exceeding three days will not be

granted without an authorised medical certicate rom the

Schools doctor.

OTHER RULES

Studentsarenotallowedtoenterintoanyarrangement

or training outside the School.

Studentsarenotallowedtoseekoracceptany

engagement to appear in public, neither on the amateur

or proessional stage, nor in radio, television or lms.

They may not seek or accept any employment during

their term o study.

Studentsmustconductthemselvesproperlyandin

accordance with the rules that govern manners and

appearance. Any student ound guilty o unbecoming

conduct may be suspended or expelled rom the School.

ConsumingalcoholintheSchoolpremisesisstrictly

prohibited.

Studentsarenotallowedtoinvitevisitorsorfriends

to classes, lectures or rehearsals, except with prior

permission rom the Director.

Itisobligatoryforthestudentstoenactanyrolethat

they are handed. They must participate in rehearsals and

perorm the role in the manner required by the teachersor the director o the play.

Studentsmustacquireallbooks,materialorequipment

as directed. Such material is available in the School

stores and its cost is deducted rom the students

scholarship.

Studentshavetoabidebythehostel,messandlibrary

rules.

Studentsviolatingrulesareliabletoseveredisciplinary

action.

BAN ON RAGGING

Selected candidates and their parents shall give an

undertaking in the prescribed orm vouching or the

good conduct o the student. Violation o the undertaking

would result in appropriate action including suspension/

expulsion. This undertaking is required to be given as per

the order o the Honble Supreme Court dated 04.05.2001

in W.P.(C) No. 656/1998, the relevant portion o which is

quoted below:

Anti-ragging movement should be initiated by the

institutions right rom the time o advertisement or

admissions. The prospectus, the orm or admission and/

or any other literature issued to aspirants or admission

must clearly mention that ragging is banned in the

institution and any one indulging in ragging is likely to be

punished appropriately which punishment may include

expulsion rom the institution, suspension rom the

institution or classes or a limited period or ne with a public

apology. The punishment may also take the shape o: (i)

withholding scholarships or other benets (ii) debarring

rom representation in events (iii) withholding results (iv)

suspension or expulsion rom hostel or mess and the like. I

there be any legislation governing ragging or any provisions

in the Statute/Ordinances they should be brought to the

notice o the students/parents seeking admissions.

The application orm or admission/enrollment shall

have a printed undertaking to be lled up and signed by

the candidate to the efect that he/she is aware o the

institutions approach towards ragging and the punishments

to which he or she shall be liable i ound guilty o ragging.

A similar undertaking shall be obtained rom the parent/

guardian o the applicant.

Such o the institutions as are introducing such a system or

the rst time shall ensure undertakings being obtained rom

the students and their parents/guardians already studying

in the institutions beore the commencement o the next

educational year/session.

STATIONERY, MATERIAL & EQUIPMENTThe School will supply students, ree o charge, a mount

board, drawing paper and wood or classroom purposes

only. Any other material will have to be purchased by the

students. Each student will be allotted a locker or his/her

material and personal belongings.

On admission, students will have to buy the required

notebooks and make-up kit, the total cost o which is Rs

3,000 approximately.

General Information General Information

20 21

G l I f ti E t i P


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ASSESSMENT, EVALUATION AND PROMOTIONStudents will be evaluated during and at the end o each

semester. In this evaluation, their regular work, projects

and participation in productions will be considered,

along with assessment o their perormance during

the semester and in the end-semester examination. All

evaluations will be taken into account rom one semester

to the next, and so on, or the nal award o the diploma.

The marks obtained by students at the end o each year

will be calculated by adding 50% o the average o total

marks obtained by them in theory and practical subjects

in monthly or periodic tests, to 50% o the total marks

obtained by them in the end-semester examination. This

will continue every year. An average o the marks will be

calculated or the third and nal year, to qualiy or the

diploma.

All assessments and evaluations will be mentioned in the

marking system on the mark sheet (100 marks or each

subject).

Students will be promoted to the next year at the end o

the second and ourth semesters, that is, at the end o the

rst and second years. Passing marks will accrue at the end

o the sixth semester, in the third year. The nal results will

carry the candidates Cumulative Marking Point Average

(aggregate marks).

In order to pass, students will have to obtain 40% marks in

individual subjects and 50% in the aggregate. I a student

ails to get 40% marks in at least two subjects, he/she will

be allowed to appear or the supplementary examination,

provided the work in those subjects is not o a collective

nature and that he/she has acquired a minimum o

50% marks in the aggregate. Thereore, i a student ails

in participation in a production or any other subject

requiring collective work, or i a student gets less than

50% marks in the aggregate, he/she will not be entitled to

appear or the supplementary examination. In such a case,the concerned student will have to leave the School.

The supplementary examination will be held soon ater

the student ails in that subject. I such an examination is

held in the rst, third and th semesters, then the marks

obtained in the supplementary examination will be carried

over to the year-end examination or calculating the total

marks.

The Academic Council o the School is the competent

authority to change rules as and when deemed t, ater

reviewing the system and stating reasons or change.

Students will have to abide by any decision(s) made by the

Academic Council.

Formerly called the Theatre-in-Education Company, the

Sanskaar Rang Toli was established in October 1989. It

aims to educate children (817 years) through the medium

o theatre. To achieve this objective, the Toli carries out the

ollowing activities:

Developmentofcreativecurriculumandperformance

o participatory plays in schools, specially designed or

children o dierent age groups.

Organisingtrainingworkshopsforteachersroundthe

year, to create meaningul theatre with children.

Developmentofskillsforclassroomsituationsaimed

at making the teaching/learning process eective and

enjoyable.

Impartingoftrainingtochildrenintheatreand

allied arts through participation in intensive summer

workshops (MayJune) and the Saturday/Sunday Club

(AugustDecember). Through these workshops and

the Saturday/Sunday Club, the Toli aims at integrated

personality development o children.

The Repertory Company o the National School o Drama

is the perorming wing o the School. The artistes o the

Repertory Company are mostly graduates o the School.

The main unction o the Repertory Company is to

produce plays o high artistic merit, and to perorm them

regularly or theatre lovers in Delhi and across the country.

Founded in 1964, it has perormed about 150 plays by 90

playwrights, and has worked with more than 65 directors.

General Information

Sanskaar Rang Toli

Repertory Company

The National School o Drama provides a three-year

course o integrated training, leading to a post-graduate

Diploma in Dramatics. Since the training involves intensive

grounding and personal attention to each student, the

annual intake is restricted to 26 students only. This means

that a vast majority o theatre workers who are keen on

learning the dramatic arts are deprived o the training

provided by the School. In order to reach out to these

workers and create theatre awareness in India, in 1978

the School started a scheme o short-term teaching and

training to be imparted in the local languages. Over the

last thrity years and more, the School has conducted such

training workshops in almost all the regions o the country.

In addition, it has also organised and conducted a large

number o intensive, production-oriented and subject-

oriented workshops. To urther strengthen the Extension

Programme, it was decided to set up Regional Resource

Centres in our to six zones o the country. The rst o these

centres was set up in Bengaluru in 1994. It covers the South

Indian states o Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and

Kerala, as well as Puducherry. Recently, the School has set

up the Sikkim Theatre Training Centre at Gangtok, Sikkim.

Extension Programme

22 23

Fac ltFac lt


14/33

FORMER CHAIRPERSONS* Dr P.V. Rajamannar (195961)

* Maharaja Shri Chamaraja Wadiyar Bahadur (196165)

* Smt. Indira Gandhi (196572)

* Dr K.P.S. Menon (197277)

Smt. Kamaladevi Chattopadhyaya (197778)

Shri L.M. Singhvi (197882)

Ms Shanta Gandhi (198286)

Dr Suresh Awasthi (198688)

Smt. Vijaya F. Mehta (198892)

Dr P.C. Joshi (199296)

Dr Chandrasekhar Kambar (19962001)

Shri Anupam Kher (200104)

FORMER DIRECTORSShri Satu Sen (195961)

Shri E. Alkazi (196277)

Shri B.V. Karanth (197782)

Pro. B.M. Shah (198284)

Pro. Mohan Maharishi (198486)

Shri Ratan Thiyam (198788)

Pro. Kirti Jain (198895)

Pro. Ram Gopal Bajaj (19952001)

Pro. Devendra Raj Ankur (200107)

CURRENT OFFICE HOLDERSChairperson: Mrs Amal Allana (since June 2005)

Director: Dr Anuradha Kapur (since July 2007)

* When NSD was under the administrative control o the Sangeet Natak Akademi, the Chairperson o the Akademi used to

be the Chairperson o the National School o Drama as well.

FacultyFaculty

ANURADHA KAPURDirector, National School o Drama

and Proessor, Acting & Direction

Pro. Anuradha Kapur has a Ph.D. in theatre rom the University o Leeds. She has written

widely on theatre and has authored the bookActors, Pilgrims, Kingsand Gods: The

Ramlila at Ramnagar, published by Seagull Books, Kolkata. Among the plays she has

directed are Umrao, The Job, Sundari: An Actor Prepares, The Wild Duck, Antigone, Sweet

Bird o Youth and Sahib Bibi aur Gulam. She has taught and directed extensively, and her

plays have been staged at national and international theatre estivals. She is a ounder-

member o Vivadi, a working group o painters, musicians, writers and theatre people,ormed in 1989. A recipient o numerous awards and elicitations, Pro. Kapur was

honoured with the Central Sangeet Natak Akademis Award or Direction in 2004.

24 25

Faculty Faculty


15/33

ABDUL LATIF KHATANAAssociate Proessor, Acting

and Chie, Sanskaar Rang Toli

Abdul Lati Khatana graduated rom NSD in 1986 with

specialisation in acting. In addition to devising, writing

and directing several plays that have been nationally and

internationally perormed, he has conducted numerous

workshops on acting. He is the ounder o Adabi Sangat

(Kashmir) and o the theatre group, Kirdar. He was also

a ounderactorteacher o NSDs Theatre-in-Education

Company, o which he later became Chie. He is credited

with conceptualising and organising the Companys rst

national theatre estival or children called Jashnebachpan,

ollowed by another national estival, Bal Sangam, o olk

and traditional perorming arts by children. Mr Khatana

has worked extensively with schools, institutions and

NGOs to cultivate the need o theatre/drama or children

at multiple levels. He has contributed to devising the

theatre/drama syllabus or NCERT or classes 1 to 12.

DINESH KHANNAAssociate Proessor, Acting

A graduate rom Lucknow University with a diploma

in acting rom Bhartendu Natya Academy and a post-

graduate diploma in acting rom the National School

o Drama in 1986, Dinesh Khanna has been involved in

acting, direction and teaching or the last twenty years.

Deeply interested in literature and translation, he has

written several articles on theatre. His published works

include Kucch Aansu aur Kuchh PhoolandAbhinay Chintan.

RATNA PANIKKAR

Associate Proessor, Music

With a B.A. (Hons) and Masters degree rom Delhi

University in Carnatic music, Ratna Panikkar went on to

complete her doctorate in Indian music rom Madras

University on A Comparative Study o Hindustani and

Karnatak Raga System. In 1991 she joined the National

School o Drama as a lecturer (in music), and has since

conducted several theatre music workshops at national

and international levels. A singer o classical Carnatic

music, she has scored music or a number o plays, and

has also acted in productions o the Nirakar group. Ms.

Panikkar was Dean (Academics) at NSD in 200203.

SURESH SHETTY

Associate Proessor, ActingMovement

and Dean, Academics

With a diploma in acting rom the National School o

Drama in 1982, Suresh Shetty went on to join the NSD

Repertory Company as an actor. He has perormed major

roles in the Repertory as well as with dierent theatre

groups. He has done extensive experimental work

with the human body, puppets and other elements o

visual theatre, and has developed a detailed method

o expression through body language. Mr Shetty has

also visited France on an assi gnment to study modern

techniques o movement and mime.

actingTRIPURARI SHARMAProessor, Acting

Pro. Tripurari Sharma is a graduate in English rom

Delhi University and a diploma holder in direction

rom the National School o Drama. She has written

and directed many plays, and has been associated with

several theatre groups throughout the country and

abroad. A playwright o repute, she has written plays

like Bahu and Kath ki Gaadi, and translated Indian and

Western plays likeAndha Yug and Othello; and has been

associated with ilms like Mirch Masala and Hazaar

Chaurasi ki Maa. She was the Indian representative at

the First International Women Playwrights Conerence

held in USA in 1986. Pro. Sharma received the Sanskriti

Puraskar in 1986; was honoured by the Delhi Natya

Sangh in 1990; received the Sadar Hashmi Award rom

U.P. Sangeet Natak Akademi; and was among the ninety-

ninewomenfromIndianominatedforthe'Thousand

WomenforNobelPeacePrize'byaninternational

initiative. She has worked with various olk orms like

nautanki, khayaland pandavani. Her play Kath ki Gaadi

has been translated into French, and her other plays

have been translated into several Indian languages as

well as English.

HEMA SINGHAssociate Proessor, Acting

Hema Singh has a B.A. (Hons) in Political Science rom

Delhi University, and graduated rom the National School

o Drama (integrated course) in 1982. A well-known

actor in Indian theatre, she has essayed ty major roles

under reputed Indian and international directors. She was

associated with the NSD Repertory Company or ten years.

She is known or her innovative work in Parsi theatre and

poetry presentation. She has conducted workshops in

India and abroad, written articles and translated books on

theatre, and developed scripts or the NCERT, television

and radio. She has been Associate Proessor (Acting)

at NSD since 2003. Ms. Singh received the prestigious

Manohar Singh Smriti Award or her contribution to

theatre in 2008.

Faculty Faculty

26 27

Faculty Faculty


16/33

ABHILASH PILLAI

Assistant Proessor, Acting

Abhilash Pillai has a diploma in theatre production and

stage management rom RADA, London; a postgraduate

diploma in design and di rection rom NSD; and a graduate

degree in theatre arts rom Calicut University, Kerala. He

has directed plays in various Indian languages and English;

has contributed articles on theatre in leading publications

in India and the U.K; and has attended seminars and

conducted workshops. His works draw on a wide array o

materials but are presented in a contemporary aesthetic

style. He has been involved in several collaborations,

international and national, and recently initiated the rst

ever collaboration between NSD and the Grand Circus,

Kerala, culminating in a production he directed, Clowns &

Clouds. Mr Pillai was honoured with the Sanskriti Award

200203 or his achievements in the eld o theatre.

dramatic literatureKIRTI JAIN

Proessor, Modern Indian Drama

Pro. Kirti Jain has a Masters in English literature and a

diploma in dramatics with specialisation in direction rom

NSD. She has acted in and directed plays; conducted

theatre workshops in India and abroad; and has written

articles in Hindi and English or books and journals on

theatre. She has travelled to many countries to participate

in seminars and conerences, and has produced plays and

documentaries at Delhi Doordarshan. She was Director o

NSD rom 1988 to 1995, during which time she started the

Theatre-in-Education Company, the documentation and

publication programme, and the Regional Research Centre

o the School. She is also a Trustee o Natrang Pratishthan,

a theatre resource centre. In 2010 Pro. Jain was awarded

the B.V. Karanth Smriti Puraskar or her contribution to the

eld o theatre.

K.S. RAJENDRAN

Proessor, Classical Indian Drama

Pro. K.S. Rajendran is a well-known director o plays in

various Indian languages. An alumnus o the National School

o Drama, he has worked extensively with the Chennai-based

theatre repertory, Koothu-p-Pattarai. In 2007 he ounded the

New Delhi Theatre Workshop, which has presented many

dance-theatre productions. His directorial work ranges rom

adaptations o Shakespeare, Brecht, Ionesco and Genet, to

contemporary playwrights and authors, besides Sanskrit

classics by Kalidasa and Shudraka. He has conducted

workshops and lectured on theatre in India and abroad.

He was the Course Director o the UNESCO ITI workshop

on Ancient Indian Drama held in Bucharest in 2006. In

2008, he conducted the National Workshop on Sanskrit

Play Production or the Sanskrit University at Sringeri. His

recent production o Shakespeares Richard IIIwas eatured

in the Second International Theatre Festival held in Beijing

in September 2011. While working on his research project,

Theatre o the Dravidian Movement, he was a Fellow at the

Indian Council o Historical Research (198587).

SANTANU BOSE

Assistant Proessor, World Drama

Santanu Bose studied comparative literature at Jadavpur

University, Kolkata, beore graduating rom the National

School o Drama. He started his theatre career with an

apprenticeship under Tripti Mitra. He takes particular

interest in making perormances in multicultural

situations. He has taught and created visual construction

or lms, and applied digital technology to gallery-based

artworks.

theatre techniques & designROBIN DAS

Proessor, Scenic Design

A graduate rom Utkal University and an NSD alumnus, Pro.

Robin Das joined the Schools teaching aculty in 197778.

As a designer, he has worked with important directors o

the country and has produced exciting designs or about

ty plays o diverse genres. As a director, he has brought

orward many important aspects o contemporary Indian

theatre. He has also worked as an art director and actor

or lms and the media. A sel-taught painter/caricaturist,

he continuously strives to renew teaching methodologies,

apart rom aspiring to assimilate the modern and the

classical in dramatic presentations. In the year 2000 Pro.

Das was honoured with the Central Sangeet Natak Akademi

Award or his contribution to the eld o theatre design.

ASHOK SAGAR BHAGAT

Proessor, Theatre Architecture

Pro. Ashok Sagar Bhagat, an NSD alumnus (1979), is

an acclaimed lights and set designer. A Sangeet Natak

Akademi awardee (2002), he has been involved in the

renovation and revamping o theatre buildings with

modern ideas and technology. His contribution to theatre

technology and unctioning includes the creation o a sel-

supporting space rame or hoisting systems, introduction

o the two-bar drop-curtain operation, and Indias rst

light-sot-patchingin Abhimanch auditorium (NSD). He

also gave India its rst echo-shell auditorium, the Chinmaya

Auditorium, in Delhi. Premchand Rangshala, Patna, o

Faculty Faculty

28 29

Faculty Faculty


17/33

the 1950s, stands transormed with his introduction o

a sel-supporting hoisting-system and an innovative

loop counter-weights. The recently commissioned Bhaji

Gursharan Auditorium, Banur, is another o his landmarks,

where a 90-t diameter semicircular Braille curtain works

to perection. Pro. Bhagat was the technical director to

Festivals o Indiaheld in Japan, Germany, China, Thailand,

Russia, Kyrgystan, Kazakhstan, Korea and Brazil. He has also

worked as an art director or lms like Bandit Queen and

Hazaron Khwahishen Aisi.

SURESH BHARDWAJ

Proessor, Lighting

An NSD alumnus, Pro. Suresh Bhardwaj joined the

Schools newly ounded Extension Department on a

one-year ellowship in 1980. Former technical director

o Rangmandal, Bharat Bhavan, Bhopal and a ounder-

member o Sambhav, a theatre group o Delhi, he moved to

television and cinema in 1985. He joined the NSD aculty in

1988, and has been Proessor o the Extension Programme.

He has worked as a writer, director and designer or satellite

channels and Doordarshan; conducted numerous theatre

workshops in and outside the country; and designed and

directed plays or several institutions in dierent languages.

Pro. Bhardwaj has also served on the International Jury

o World Drama under UNESCO. He is a recipient o theCentral Sangeet Natak Akademi Award and the Rosco (UK)

Award rom the Chaman Lal Society.

AMARJIT SHARMA

Associate Proessor, Stage Technology

A Delhi University graduate, Amarjit Sharma joined NSDs

carpentry workshop section in 1979 and was appointed

stage technologist in 1994. He is responsible or preparing

set designs, plans and models or staging plays and other

associated events. Among his notable assignments are

the installation and execution o sets or the Bharat Rang

Mahotsav rom 1999 onwards, or Jashnebachpan rom

1998 onwards, and or the German Festival in India in

200001. He has visited Germany and Sri Lanka on ofcial

assignments or set execution and has designed sets or

many television serials. Mr Sharma attended a programme

on advanced theatre technology in Tokyo as part o the

Indo-Japan Cultural Exchange Programme, in 1998.

visiting acultyThe School also invites some o the nest creative

talents rom within the country and abroad to serve on

its visiting aculty, periodically. Creative people rom

dierent linguistic and cultural backgrounds who are

actively involved in the practice o theatre, and who ace

the challenges that this medium poses in the changing

cultural context, have been visiting the School to

supplement the teaching inputs o the resident aculty.

repertory companySURESH SHARMA

Chie o Repertory Company

With diplomas and specialisations in ac ting rom both

the Bhartendu Natya Academy and NSD, Suresh Sharma

began work as a reelance theatre worker with the Delhi-

based group, Sambhav. In 198586 he worked under

a ellowship on the Nautanki o Uttar Pradesh under

the guidance o Gulab Bai and Mudraraksha. He later

established the only non-governmental repertory in the

district o Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, which he went on

to expand into a ully residential theatre academy. He

has been the artistic director o the Shri Ram Centre or

Perorming Arts in Delhi; has translated the rst version

o the Stanislavsky system o acting into Hindi; and has

visited several oreign countries to study the unctioning

o repertory companies. For the play Mohana, he was

awarded by the Sahitya Kala Parishad and the Sangeet

Natak Akademi.

childrens theatre

PANKAJ SAXENACoordinator, Childrens Theatre

An NSD graduate, Pankaj Saxenas areas o interest include

theatre music, playwriting and theatre history. He has

worked on assignments with leading organisations such as

Sangeet Natak Akademi, Sahitya Kala Parishad and Bharat

Bhavan; and has directed and organized many production-

oriented workshops or children. He has also been

coordinator o NSDs Regional Research Centre, Bengaluru,

and is currently supervising childrens theatre in the NSD

Extension Programme.

production cellPARAG SARMAH

Production Manager

A graduate o the National School o Drama with

specialisation in acting, Parag Sarmah has worked in the

NSD Repertory Company or nearly twelve years as an

artiste and stage manager. He has acted in more than

orty-ve plays. His directorial debut, Parashuram, has been

nationally acclaimed, and was a part o both the Nandikar

National Theatre Festival and the Bharat Rang Mahotsav.

He has directed Hello Out There or the NSD Repertory

Company, and has designed lights or productions like

Raste, Parinati, Bhand Duhayee, Taj Mahal Ka Tender, Bandi

Pramathand Shatrupa, a sound and light production by the

Song & Drama Division. Mr Sarmah has been instrumental

in the successul coordination o the Poorvottar Natya

Samaroh that has been organised by the School in dierent

parts o the country or the last ve years.

Faculty Faculty

30 31

Administrative and Technical Staff


18/33

administrative staBHANWAR SINGH

Registrar

With a Masters degree rom Agra University and B.Ed. rom

Delhi University, Bhanwar Singh joined the National School

o Drama in 1989. Over the years, he has toured dierent

parts o the country in connection with theatre workshops.

Prior to being appointed the Registrar, Mr Singh has also

occupied the posts o deputy registrar, accounts ofcer and

assistant registrar in the School.

LIBRARYANIL SRIVASTAVA, Librarian

WARDENVEENA SAHRAWAT, Lady Warden-cum-Mess Supervisor

Administrative and Technical Staff

technical staTECHNICAL DEPARTMENTB.S. PATIL, Stage Manager

S. THYAGARAJAN, Photographer

S. MANOHARAN, Sound Technician

R. S. GOSSAIN, Sound Technician

GURSHARAN KAUR, Tailor-cum-Wardrobe Supervisor

RAM PRATAP, Workshop Instructor

KIRAN KUMAR, Assistant Light & Sound Technician

MUSIC DEPARTMENTRAJENDRA PRASANNA, Flute & Shehnai Player

OM PRAKASH, Percussionist Gr. I

HRIDESH KUMAR, Sitarist

P. VETRI BOOPATHY, Percussionist Gr. III

RAJ BHASHA VIBHAGGEETA JOSHI, Assistant Director (Ofcial Language)

CHETANA VASHISHT, Senior Hindi Translator

ADMINISTRATIVE & ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENTRAMKISHAN, Deputy Registrar

SURESH MANSHARAMANI, Accounts Ofcer

P.P. SRIVASTAVA, Assistant Registrar (T.I.E.)

O.P. SAGAR, Estate Manager

S.P. SHARMA, Assistant Registrar (Accounts)SAVITA KALRA, Assistant Registrar (Administration)

GEEVARGHESE K.T., P.S. to Director

DEEPAK KUMAR WADHWA, Business Manager (Repertory Company)

C.D. TIWARI, Store Supervisor

A.K. BARUA, Public Relations Ofcer

B.S. RAWAT, In-charge (Academics)

NEELAM KAPOOR, In-charge (Store)

DARSHAN SINGH BISHT, In-charge (Bookshop)

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e; ls ysdj vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; jaxeap dk fodkl

Hkkjr esa {ks=h; Hkk"kk;h jaxeap % fl)kar vkSj O;ogkj

Hkkjrh; 'kkL=h; ukVd Hkkjrh; 'kkL=h; ukVd vkSj lkSan;Z'kkL= dk KkulaLr ukVd dk bfrgkl ukV~;'kkL= esa of.kZr ukV~; lajpuk ds vk/kkj ij pqus gq,

laLr ukVdksa dk foLrr fo'ys"k.k o O;k[;k( mudh izLrqfr]izkphu dky esa n'kZd vkSj ledkyhu jaxeap esa mudh lkFkZdrk

ik'pkR; ukVd;wjksih; jaxeap dk bfrgkl] fo'ks"k :i ls ;wukuh =klfn;ka]'ksDlfi;j ds ukVd] vk/kqfud ukVdksa dk v;;u

vkokt+ vkSj laHkk"k.k'okl&fu;a=.k] Li"Vrk] JO;rk IkzkIr djus gsrqvkokt+ o laHkk"k.kds vH;klA buds }kjk laHkk"k.k esa dykRed izHkko dh vfHkO;fDrgksrh gS] ftlls Nk= lgtrk ls fofHkUu izdkj dh Hkwfedk,a dj

ldrs gSa

;ksx;ksx dk mn~ns'; vkluksa] f;kvksa rFkk Ikzk.kk;ke ds vH;kl

}kjk Nk=ksa dks 'kkjhfjd LokLF;] lrdZrk] ykfyR;] ,dkxzrkvkSj mPpkj.k {kerkvksa dk iw.kZ mi;ksx djus ds ;ksX; cukuk gS

eq[kkfHku; o xfr lapkyu vk/kqfud xfr lapkyu ds fl)kar vkSj i|fr f'kYi'kkL= vkSj ukV~;'kkL= ds fl)karksa dk v;;u 'kkjhfjd Hkko&Hkafxekvksa tSls gko&Hkko] eqnzkvksa vkSj xfrlapkyu }kjk ekuoh; vuqHko vkSj xfrfof/k;ksa dh vfHkO;fDr O;fDrvksa o oLrqvksa ds 'kkjhfjd voyksdu o vfHkO;fDr

}kjk vfHku; 'kSyhc) vfHku;

jax laxhr ukVd ds vkys[k ls fodflr fofHkUu ofu;ksa vkSjrky&lajpukvksa ds Kku }kjk Nk=ksa dh lkaxhfrd laosnu'khyrkesa vfHkof) djuk

lkSan;Z'kkL=h; lanHkZ vkSj jaxeap ds fof'k"B mi;ksxksa ds vk/kkjij ^VksVy fFk,Vj* dh vo/kkj.kk ds lkFk eap laxhr ds HkkoIkSnk djuk

vfHku; vkSj vk'kq&vfHku; (baizkssokbZts'ku) vfHkusrkvksa dh 'kkjhfjd vkSj Loj&laca/kh izfrHkk dk ifj"dkjrFkk mudh dYiuk'khyrk vkSj laosnu'khyrk dk mi;ksx djmudh izfrHkk dks fu[kkjuk ifjos'k vkSj vuqHko ds izfr tkx:drk c


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ikB~;e ikB~;e


22/33

IkzFke l= Lo ds v;;u vkSj jaxeap esa mlds O;ogkj ij dsfUnzrgSA

vfHku; dk ifjp; Ikzn'kZu dkS'ky ewy rRo] 'kkjhfjd rS;kjh] ;ksx

vkokt+] laHkk"k.k vkSj laxhr Lkakl ysus] xquxqukus] vkokt+ ds mrkj&p


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vfHku;(fo'ks"kKrk)

Hkkjrh; 'kkL=h; ukVd esa vfHku; % fofHkUu 'kSfy;ksa ds /kkfeZdewy rRoksa] foLrkfjr eqnzkvksa] xfr lapkyu] uR; vkSj iwoZjaxizLrqfr ls iwoZ ltho laxhr ctkuk dk v;;u fd;k tkrk gS

'kkL=h; ;wukuh ukVd esa vfHku; % i'kqvkSj ekuo eq[kkSVksa]lewgxku] dgkuh vkSj dkO; okpu ij d{kk,a 'kkfey gksaxh

ikjlh@laLr@;wukuh jaxeap ij n';dk;Z

jax&rduhd vkSj vfHkdYiuk(fo'ks"kKrk)

dkyt;h ukV~;ys[kksa dh vfHkdYiuk

jax ifjdYiuk dk bfrgkl] ;qxhu os'kHkw"kk] izdk'k O;oLFkk]iksLVj] xzkf +QDl vkSj ekWMy fuekZ.k

jaxeap bfrgkl] lkfgR; vkSj lkSan;Z'kkL=(nksuksa fo'ks"kKrk okys Nk=ksa ds fy, leku)

jaxeap bfrgkl% ekSf[kd feFkdksa] egkdkO;ksa] ukV~;'kkL=]iksbZfVDl] ;wukuh vkSj laLr ewyikBksa dk v;;u

lkSUn;Z'kkL=% Hkkjrh; lkSUn;Z'kkL=] LFkkiR; vkSj fp=dyk dsfl)kUr

IkzLrqfr(nksuksa fo'ks"kKrk okys Nk=ksa ds fy, leku)

izLrqfr vkSj funsZ'ku dh i|fr;ka

bl l= ls Nk= izLrqfr;ka vke n'kZdksa ds lkeus iznf'kZr dhtk;saxhA buesa ,d laLr ukVd vkSj ,d ikjaifjd 'kSyh ijvk/kkfjr ukVd 'kkfey gksxk

ikjEifjd@yksd 'kSyh ds {ks=h; rRoksa dk v;;u djus dsfy, foLrr t+ehuh dk;Z

bu izLrqfr;ksa ds ek;e ls vfHkusrk Nk= viuk vfHku; dkS'kyfu[kkjrs vkSj iznf'kZr djrs gSaA jax rduhd vkSj vfHkdYiukfo'ks"kKrk okys Nk= izLrqfr esa eap izca/kd ds vykok izdk'kO;oLFkk] eap ifjdYiuk] :i lTtk vkSj oL=&lTtk {ks=ksa esaizf'k{kqds :i esa dk;Z djrs gSa

f}rh; o"kZrhljk l=;g l= Hkkjrh; vkSj xSj&Hkkjrh; nksuksa 'kkL=h; ijaijkvksa ij dsafnzr jgrk gSA Nk= fo'ks"kKrk dsnks {ks=ksa % vfHku; ;k jaxeap rduhd vkSj ifjdYiuk esa ls ,d {ks= pqurs gSaA jaxeap bfrgkl]

lkfgR; vkSj lkSan;Z'kkL= & nksuksa fo'ks"kKrk okys Nk=ksa ds fy, vfuok;Z gSaA

vfHku;@jaxeap rduhd ,oavfHkdYiuk(nksuksa fo'ks"kKrk okys Nk=ksa ds fy, leku)

'ksDlfi;j ds ukV~;kys[k % blds varxZr eqDrkdk'kheap ij izn'kZu ds fy,] dkO;&ikB ds fy, vkSjx|&ikB ds fy, izf'k{k.k 'kkfey gS

QklZ % blds varxZr fonw"kdh; fnup;kZ] eq[kkSVk dk;ZvkSj dkWesfM;k&Msy*&vkVsZ dkenh vkSj Lokax esavk'kq&vfHku; dh i)fr;ka 'kkfey gSa

'ksDlfi;j ds ukVdksa ;k fdlh QklZ ij n';&dk;ZizLrqr fd;k tk,xkA blls lacaf/kr laHkk"k.k] xfr

lapkyu vkSj laxhr ij dk;Z tkjh jgsxk

jaxeap bfrgkl] lkfgR; vkSjlkSan;Z'kkL=

(nksuksa fo'ks"kKrk okys Nk=ksa ds fy, leku)

Hkkjrh; yksdukVdksa vkSj :ikUrj.kksa ij vfrfjDr;ku nsrs gq, Hkkjrh; vkSj xSj&Hkkjrh; jaxeapksa ds

bfrgkl dk v;;u tkjh

IkzLrqfr(nksuksa fo'ks"kKrk okys Nk=ksa ds fy, leku

vke n'kZdksa ds fy, gksus okyh izLrqfr ds fy,'ksDlfi;j ds ukVd ;k fdlh QklZ dk iwokZH;kl vkSjeapu fd;k tk,xk

f}rh; o"kZZpkSFkk l=

42 43

ikB~;e ikB~;e


24/33

r`rh; o"kZr`rh; o"kZ ds ikB~;e dks bl izdkj fu;kstr fd;k x;k gSfd Ikz[;kr jaxdfeZ;ksa ds ekxZn'kZu esa lapkfyr dk;Z'kkykvksa}kjk Nk=ksa dks vfHku; ;k jaxeap rduhd vkSj ifjdYiuk esa

mPp izf'k{k.k fn;k tk ldsA

bu dk;Z'kkykvksa esa vfHku; fo'ks"kKrk okys Nk=ksa ds fy,eq[kkSVksa ds lkFk mPp n{krk dk dk;Z rFkk izglu p;kZ,a]iqrqy&dyk] jaxeap esa daI;wVj dk mi;ksx] ;FkkFkZoknh

vfHku; vkSj@;k lkexzh ds mn~ns'; vkSj Ikz;ksx ij foLrr:i ls dk;Z fd;k tkrk gSA

jaxeap rduhd vkSj vfHkdYiuk fo'ks"kKrk okys Nk=ksa ds fy,izdk'k ifjdYiuk] n'; ifjdYiuk fo"k; ij mPp Ikz f'k{k.k] izs{kkxgifjdYiuk vkSj fofHkUu izdkj ds LFkkuksa ds fy, izdk'k O;oLFkk ijifj;kstuk,a nh tk,axhA

izf'k{k.k esa f +QYe ,fizfl,'ku dkslZ vkSj jaxeap ,oa ehfM;k dslaca/kksa ij ,d dk;Z'kkyk Hkh 'kkfey gks ldrh gSA

bl o"kZ fVdV/kkjh n'kZdksa ds fy, Hkkjrh; vkSj xSj&Hkkjrh;vkys[kksa ij vk/kkfjr IkzLrqfr rS;kj vkSj eafpr dh tkrh gSaAfo'ks"kKksa dh ns[kjs[k esa Nk= bu izLrqfr;ksa esa dk;Z djrs gSaA

44 45

izos'k laca/kh ekeys izos'k laca/kh ekeys


25/33

vkosnu izf;kukV~;&dykvksa esa rhu o"khZ; iw.kZdkfyd ikB~;e ds fy, bl

o"kZ&2012 esa 26 Nk=ksa dk p;u fd;k tk,xkA vH;fFkZ;ksa dksfu/kkZfjr izi= esa vkosnu djuk gSA izos'k dh izf;k fuEuor gS%&

vkosnu i= vkSj foojf.kdk Mkd ls eaWxk, tk ldrs gSa rFkk;g jkukfo dh osclkbVwww.nsd.gov.in ij Hkh miyC/k gSaA

tks vH;FkhZ vkosnu i= vkSj foojf.kdk Mkd ls pkgrs gSa ogi;k vkosnu ds lkFk :- 225@&Mkd [kpZ :-75@&'kkfeydj dk fMekaM MkVfuns'kd] jk"Vh; ukV~; fo|ky; ubZ

fnYyh ds i{k esa layXu djsaA tks vH;FkhZ vkosnu i= vkSj foojf.kdk jkukfo dh osclkbV ls

MkmuyksM dj jgs gSa og vkosnu i= ds lkFk :-150@& dkfMekaM MkVfuns'kd] jk"Vh; ukV~; fo|ky; ubZ fnYyh dsi{k esa layXu djsaA

fMekaM MkV ^dsoy vknkrk ds [kkrs esa ns;* ds :i esajs[kkafdr gksuk pkfg,A

vkosnu i= ds lkFk lHkh izek.k i=ksa dh Ikzfr;ka vkSj gky esaf[akpokbZ xbZ ikliksVZ vkdkj dh pkj QksVks layXu djsaA

vH;fFkZ;ksa dks lk{kkRdkj ds le; izek.k i=ksa dh ewy izfr;kaizLrqr djus dh vko';drk iM+ ldrh gSA

iwjh rjg ls Hkjk x;k vkosnu Ik= lacaf/kr izek.k i=ksa ds lkFk'kS{kf.kd foHkkx] jk"Vh; ukV~; fo|ky;] cgkoyiqj gkml]Hkxokunkl jksM] ubZ fnYyh&110001 dks Hkstk tkuk pkfg,A

izos'k ds fy, U;wure ;ksX;rk ekU;rkizkIr fo'ofo|ky; ls fdlh Hkh fo"k; esa LukrdA

ekrHkk"kk esa n{krk] fganh vkSj vaxzst+h Hkk"kk dk O;ogkfjd KkuA

de&ls&de N% izLrqfr;ksa esa ;k jaxeap ls lacaf/kr fdlh vU;{ks= esa lf; lgHkkfxrkA

vk;q 20 ls 30 o"kZ dh vk;qrd ds lHkh iq:"k o fL=;ka bl

ikB~;e esa Ikzos'k ys ldrs gSaA

vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr ds vH;fFkZ;ksa ds fy, vk;qlhek esa 5 o"kZ dh NwV nh xbZ gSA

f'k{k.k dk ek;e fo|ky; esa f'k{k.k dk ek;e fganh o vaxzst+h gS] tks fd lacaf/kr

fo"k; ij fuHkZj djrk gSA ;|fi ukVdksa dk izn'kZu vf/kdka'kr%fganh esa gh fd;k tkrk gSA

p;u izf;kvH;fFkZ;ksa dk p;u nks pj.kksa esa fd;k tkrk gSA izFke pj.k esaizkjafHkd p;u fd;k tkrk gS] ftlds varxZr mEehnokjksa dh

Loj&ijh{kk vFkok O;ogkfjd ijh{kk yh tkrh gS vkSj bldkvk;kstu ubZ fnYyh rFkk pkj vU; dsanzksa&dksydkrk] cSaxyq:] eqacbZvkSj xqokgkVh esa fd;k tkrk gS

izkjafHkd p;u lfefr }kjk vuq'kaflr vH;fFkZ;ksa dks ubZ fnYyh esap;u ds vafre pj.k ls xqtjuk iM+rk gS ftlesa 4&5 fnu dh,d dk;Z'kkyk gksrh gSA vafre p;u Ikzf;k esa izfrHkkxh dh

lh[kus vkSj lkewfgd ltu dh euksofk ij ;ku fn;k tkrk gSAp;u Ikzf;k dks vkSj foLr`r vk/kkj nsus ds fy,] ;g lqfuf'prfd;k tkrk gS fd tgka rd laHko gks lds vH;FkhZ vf/kd lsvf/kd jkT;ksa vkSj la?k 'kkflr Ikzn'kksa ls pqus tk,aA

vafre ijh{kk ds fy, cqyk, x, vH;fFkZ;ksa dks f}rh; Js.khjsyxkM+h@cl fVdV@jlhn bR;kfn izLrqr djus ij viusxguxj ls fnYyh fLFkr lk{kkRdkj ds LFkku rd fudVre ekxZ

ls vkus rFkk okil tkus dk ;k=k Hkkk ,oa nSfud Hkkk Ikznkufd;k tk,xkA mUgsa fo|ky; ds Nk=kokl esa jgus ds fy, LFkkuHkh fn;k tk,xkA

vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr@vU; fiNM+k oxZ ls lacaf/kr mEehnokjksa dsfy, vkj{k.k26 lhVksa esa ls 5 lhVsa vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr rFkk5 lhVsa vU; fiNM+k oxZ ds mu mEehnokjksa ds fy, vkjf{kr gSa tksizn'kZu dykvksa ls tqM+s ikjaifjd ifjokjksa ls gSaA

fons'kh mEehnokjbl ikB~;e esa fons'kh Nk= Hkh izos'k ys ldrs gSaA gkykafd lhVksa

dh la[;k lhfer gksus ds dkj.k ,d l= esa 1&2 ls vf/kdfons'kh Nk=ksa dks izos'k nsuk laHko ugha gksrkA ,sls Nk= vkosnu i=vius ns'k esa fLFkr Hkkjrh; nwrkokl@mPpk;ksx ds ek;e ls tekdjok,a tks mUgsa Hkkjrh; lkaLfrd laca/k ifj"kn~ vkbZlhlhvkjdks vxzlkfjr djsaxsA dsoy vkbZlhlhvkj }kjk vuq'kaflr vkosnuksaij gh fo|ky; }kjk fopkj fd;k tk,xkA

46 47

izos'k laca/kh ekeys izos'k laca/kh ekeys


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Hkkjr ljdkj ds v/khu mPp inksa ,oalsokvksa esa HkrhZ ds fy, ikB~;e dhekU;rkfo|ky; }kjk ukV~;dyk esa fn, tkusokys mDr fMIyksek dks Hkkjr

ljdkj ds rRdkyhu f'k{kk rFkk laLfr ea=ky; }kjk dsanzh;ljdkj ds v/khu mPp inksa ij rFkk lsokvksa esa HkrhZ ds iz;kstukFkZekU;rk iznku dh xbZ gS] tgka ukV~;dyk esa Lukrdkskj fo'ks"kKrkvko';d gksrh gSA ;g fMIyksek ukV~;dyk esa Lukrdkskj mikf/kds led{k gS vkSj jk-uk-fo- ds Lukrd egkfo|ky;ksa vkSj

fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa f'k{kdksa ds :i esa fu;qfDr rFkk ih,p-Mh-iathdj.k ds fy, ;ksX; gSaA

pqus gq, vH;fFkZ;ksa ds nkf;Rojk-uk-fo- esa izf'k{k.k csgn dM+k gksrk gS vkSj O;olkf;drk vftZrdjus ds fy, dBksj 'kkjhfjd ifjJe dh vko';drk gksrh gSANk=ksa ls ;g vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd jaxdk;Z gsrqvko';drkuqlkj

mudk LokLF; larqfyr jgs rFkk muesa i;kZIr tZfLork gksA vr%pqus gq, vH;fFkZ;ksa dks ekU;rk IkzkIr fpfdRlk vf/kdkjh }kjk IkznkfpfdRlk izek.k i= IkzLrqr djuk gksrk gSA izR;sd Nk= ds fy,'kkjhfjd LokLF; vfuok;Z gSA bl laca/k esa] fdlh Hkh le; fdlhHkh Nk= ds LokLF; dh fpfdRlk vf/kdkjh }kjk tkap djk, tkusdk vf/kdkj fo|ky; ds ikl lqjf{kr gSA ;fn fdlh Nk= dks'kkjhfjd nf"V ls vLoLFk ik;k tkrk gS rks iwjh lgkuqHkwfr dsckotwn fo|ky; ds fy, ml Nk= dks fo|ky; esa v;;u tkjh

j[kus dh vuqefr nsuk laHko ugha gks ik,xkA

p;fur Nk=ksa dks fdlh Hkh vU; lzksr ls dksbZ Hkh Nk=ofr izkIrdjus dh vuqefr ugha gksrhA mUgsa fu/kkZfjr izi= ij bl vk'k;dk opu nsuk gksrk gS fd mUgsa fdlh vU; lzksr ls dksbZ HkhNk=ofk izkIr ugha gqbZ gSA

pqus x, mEehnokjksa ls ;g Hkh vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd os u, l=ds igys fnu fo|ky; esa mifLFkr gksaA fo|ky; ,sls Nk=ksa dks

Lohdkj ugha djrk] tks 'kq#vkrh fnuksa esa gh fo|ky; esa viuhmifLFkfr ntZ ugha djk ikrs vFkok tks rhu o"kZ dh iwjh vof/krd fo|ky; esa cus ugha jg ldrsA fo|ky; esa u;k l= izfro"kZe; tqykbZ ls izkjaHk gks tkrk gSA

'kqYd ,oa tek jkf'kpqus x, Nk=ksa dks l= vkjaHk gksus ls igys lHkh ns; 'kqYdfo|ky; esa tek djkus gksaxs] 'kqYd tek u gks ikus dh fLFkfr esaNk= dks fo|ky; esa izos'k ugha fn;k tk,xkA

Ikzos'k 'kqYd % :- 150

f'k{kk 'kqYd % :- 150 izfr ekg

Nk= la?k lnL;rk 'kqYd % :- 60 izfr ekg

O;k;ke d{kkvksa dh os'kHkw"kk gsrqjkf'k % :- 1500 yxHkx

:i&lTtk fdV ds fy, vfxze jkf'k % :- 2000lek;ksT;

tekurh vkSj iqLrdky; jkf'k % :- 9000 [kkrksa dsvafre fuiVku ds cknIkzR;iZ.kh;

ys[ku lkexzh % :- 1650

Nk=kokl o eSl 'kqYdNk=kokl fdjk;k % :- 200 izfr ekg

fo|qr ,oa ty 'kqYd % :- 100 izfr ekgiz;ksx ds fglkc ls

lek;ksT;

fpfdRlk 'kqYd % :- 100 izfr ekg

eSl 'kqYd nksigj ,oa jkr dk Hkkstu % :- 1350 izfr ekggj efgus fHkUu gksusdh laHkkouk

Nk=ksa dks lykg nh tkrh gS fd os izos'k ds le; fdlh Hkh rjgdh dher of)@mijksDr enksa esa c


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mifLFkfr laca/kh fu;efo|ky; dh ijh{kkvksa esa 'kkfey gksus ds fy, izFke o"kZ ds Nk=ksadh d{kkvksa] iwokZH;kl vkSj izLrqfr ds nkSjku izkr% dkyhu d{kkvksa

lfgr de&ls&de 90 izfr'kr mifLFkfr gksuk vko';d gSAf}rh; ,oa r`rh; o"kZ ds izR;sd lewg ds fy, Nk=ksa dh vfHku;]izLrqfr] lkfgR; vkSj eap f'kYi dh d{kkvksa esa dqy feykdj 75Ikzfr'kr vkSj iwokZH;kl ,oa izkr% dkyhu d{kkvksa esa 90 izfr'kr

mifLFkfr vko';d gSA

mifLFkfr ds lkFk&lkFk lHkh d{kkvksa ds fy, le;c+)rkvfuok;Z gSA rhu fnuksa rd yxkrkj d{kk esa nsj ls vkus vFkok

rhu d{kkvksa esa vuqifLFkfr dks ,d iwjs fnu dh vuqifLFkfr dscjkcj ekuk tk,xkA rFkkfi] vioknLo:i] leqfpr dkj.k izLrqrfd, tkus ij funs'kd vkSj ladk; ds foosd ij mi;qZDr U;wure

mifLFkfr esa NwV nh tk ldrh gSA

Nk=ksa dh mifLFkfr ds mi;qZDr izfr'kr dh x.kuk l= dsvk/kkj ij dh tkrh gSA mifLFkfr iw.kZ u gksus ij Nk=ksa dksijh{kk esa cSBus dh vuqefr ugha nh tk,xhA ,sls Nk= fo|ky; esaviuh i


28/33

ys[ku lkexzh ,oa vU; midj.kNk=ksa dks dsoy d{kk dk;ksZa gsrqfo|ky; ls Mkbax isij] ekmaVcksMZ vkSj ydM+h fu%'kqYd iznku dh tk,xhA 'ks"k lkexzh Nk=ksadks Lo;a [kjhnuh gksxhA viuk lkeku o futh pht+sa j[kus dsfy, gj Nk= dks ,d ykWdj fn;k tk,xkA izos'k ysus ij Nk=ksadks vko';d ikB~;&iqLrdsa o :i&lTtk lkexzh Hkh [kjhnuhgksxh ftudh dqy dher yxHkx 3000@&:- gksxhA

ijh{kk] ewY;kadu rFkk d{kksUufrizR;sd l= ds nkSjku vkSj var esa Nk=ksa ds dk;Z dk ewY;kadu

fd;k tk,xk] ftlds varxZr fu;fer dk;Z] ifj;kstukvksa vkSjizLrqfr;ksa esa Nk=ksa dh Hkkxhnkjh ds lkFk&lkFk iwjs l= esa rFkk

ijh{kk esa muds }kjk fd, x, izn'kZu ij Hkh fopkj fd;k

tk,xkA fMIyksek iznku djus ds fy, ,d l= ls vxys l=

rd ds vkSj mlds vkxs ds l=ksa ds ewY;kaduksa dks ;ku esa j[kk

tk,xkA dqy izkIr vadksa ds fy, ekfld vFkok vkof/kd ijh{kkvksaesa Nk=ksa }kjk lS)kafrd vkSj O;kogkfjd fo"k;ksa esa izkIr dqy vadksa

ds vkSlr ds 50 izfr'kr vad l=akr ijh{kkvksa esa muds }kjk izkIr

dqy vadksa ds 50 izfr'kr esa tksM+s tk,axsA ,slk izR;sd o"kZ esa fd;k

tk,xkA fMIyksek dh ;ksX;rk izkIr djus ds fy, rrh; o vafre

o"kZ esa izR;sd o"kZ esa izkIr vadksa dk vkSlr fudkyk tk,xkA

lHkh ijh{kkvksa vkSj ewY;kaduksa dks izR;sd fo"k; esa 100 vad vad

iz.kkyh ds rgr vad i= esa n'kkZ;k tk,xkA

Nk=ks dh d{kksUufr nwljs vkSj pkSFks l= ds vr es ;kfu fd igys

vkSj nwljs o"kZ ds var esa gksxhA rhljs o"kZ ds NBs l= ds var esa

Nk= mkh.kZ gksaxsA vafre ifj.kke esa Nk= }kjk izkIr lap;h vad

fcanq&vkSlr dqy vad 'kkfey gkassxsA

ijh{kk mkh.kZ djus ds fy, Nk=ksa dks izR;sd fo"k; esa 40 izfr'kr

vkSj dqy 50 izfr'kr vad izkIr djus gksaxsA ;fn dksbZ Nk= fdUghanks fo"k;ksa esa 40 izfr'kr vad ugha yk ikrk@ikrh] rc mls bl

'krZ ij vuqiwjd ijh{kk esa cSBus dh vuqefr nh tk,xh ;fn

mlds mu fo"k;ksa dk dk;Z lkewfgd izfr dk ugha gS vkSj mlus

dqy ;ksx esa 50 izfr'kr vad izkIr dj fy, gSaA blfy, ;fndksbZ Nk= izLrqfr ;k fdlh ,sls fo"k; tks lkewfgd izfr dk gS]

esa lgHkkxh ugha gks ikrk ;k mlus dqy ;ksx esa 50 izfr'kr lsde vad izkIr fd, gSa rks ,slh fLFkfr esa vuqiwjd ijh{kk dk

izko/kku ugha gksxk vkSj Nk= dks fo|ky; NksM+uk iM+sxkA

Nk= ds fdlh Hkh fo"k; esa vuqkh.kZ gksus ij 'kh?kz gh vuqiwjd

ijh{kk yh tk,xhA ;fn bl rjg dh ijh{kk igys] rhljs vkSj

ikaposa l= esa yh tkrh gS rks bl ijh{kk ds vad okf"kZd ijh{kk

dh vad x.kuk esa tksM+s tk,axsA

fo|ky; dh 'kS{kf.kd ifj"kn~ bl iz.kkyh dh fof/kor leh{kkdjus ds ckn ifjorZu dk dkj.k crkrs gq, bu fu;eksa esa

vko';d ifjorZu djus gsrqiw.kZ :i ls l{ke gSA bl lanHkZ esa

Nk= 'kS{kf.kd ifj"kn~ dk fu.kZ; ekuus ds fy, ck; gksaxsA

jk"Vh; ukV~; fo|ky; ukV~;&dyk esa rhu o"khZ; ,dhrizf'k{k.k iznku djrk gS] rnqijkar Lukrdkskj fMIyksek iznku fd;ktkrk gSA D;ksafd bl izf'k{k.k esa izR;sd Nk= dks ukV~;&dyk dscqfu;knh rRoksa dh f'k{kk nh tkrh gS vkSj ml ij O;fDrxr :i

ls ;ku fn;k tkrk gS] vr% vafre izos'k 26 Nk=ksa rd lhferj[kk x;k gSA ftlds pyrs fu'p; gh ukV~;dyk lh[kus dsbPNqd vf/kdka'k jaxdehZ fo|ky; esa iznr izf'k{k.k ls ykHkkfUorugha gks ikrsA

bu jaxdfeZ;ksa rd igqap cukus rFkk laiw.kZ Hkkjr esa jaxeap ds izfrtkx:drk iSnk djus dh nf"V ls jk"Vh; ukV~; fo|ky; us1978 esa vYidkfyd v;kiu vkSj LFkkuh; Hkk"kkvksa esa ukV~;

izf'k{k.k dh ;kstuk vkjaHk dhA blds rgr fiNys 30 ls HkhT;knk o"kkZsa esa fo|ky; us bl rjg ds izf'k{k.k dk;Ze ns'k dsyxHkx gj {ks= esa vk;ksftr fd, gSaA blds vfrfjDr vusdxgu izLrqfrijd rFkk fo"k;ksUeq[k dk;Z'kkyk,a Hkh lapkfyr dh gSaA

fo|ky; }kjk foLrkj dk;Ze dks vkSj vf/kd lqn


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fo|ky; d Hkwriwo v;{k*MkW- ih-oh- jkteUukj 1959&61

*egkjktk Jh pkejkt okfM;kj cgknqj 1961&65

*Jherh bafnjk xka/kh 1967&72

*MkW- ds-ih-,l- esuu 1972&77

Jherh deyk nsoh pV~Vksik;k; 1977&78

Jh ,y-,e- fla?koh 1978&82

lqJh 'kkark xka/kh 1982&86

MkW- lqjs'k voLFkh 1986&88

Jherh fot;k ,Q- esgrk 1988&92

MkW- ih-lh- tks'kh 1992&96

MkW- panz'ks[kj dEckj 1996&2001

Jh vuqie [ksj 2001&2004

fo|ky; d Hkwriwo fun'kdJh lkrwlsu 1959&61

Jh bZ- vYdkt+h 1962&77

Jh c-o- dkjar 1977&82

izks- ch-,e- 'kkg 1982&84

izks- eksgu egf"kZ 1984&86

Jh jru fFk;e 1987&88

Ikzks- lqJh dhfrZ tSu 1988&95Ikzks- jkexksiky ctkt 1995&2001

Ikzks- nsosUnz jkt vadqj 2001&2007

orZeku inkf/kdkjhv;{k % Jherh veky vYykuk twu 2005 ls

funs'kd % MkW- vuqjk/kk diwj tqykbZ 2007 ls

* tc jk"Vh; ukV~; fo|ky; laxhr ukVd vdknseh ds iz'kklfud fu;a=.k esa Fkk rc vdknseh ds v;{k] jk"Vh; ukV~; fo|ky; ds Hkhla;qDr :i ls v;{k FksA

vfHku;f=iqjkfj 'kekZizksQslj] vfHku;

fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ls vaxzst+h esa Lukrd vkSj jk-uk-fo- lsfunsZ'ku esa fo'ks"kKrk ds lkFk fMIyksek izkIr f=iqjkfj 'kekZ dbZukVdksa dk ys[ku&funsZ'ku djus ds vykok ns'k o fons'k dhvusd jax&eaMfy;ksa ls lac) jgh gSaA ,d iz[;kr ukVddkj ds:i esa tgkWa mUgksaus cgwrFkk dkB dh xkM+h tSls ukVd fy[ksgSa] vusd Hkkjrh; vkSj ik'pkR; ukVdksa tSls fd va/kk;qx o

vkWFksyks dk vuqokn fd;k gS ogha dbZ f +QYeksa tSls fepZ elkyko gt+kj pkSjklh dh ekWa ds fy, ys[ku dk;Z Hkh fd;k gSA ogukSVadh] [;ky] iaMokuh tSlh yksd&'kSfy;ksa esa dj pqdha gSaA

muds ukVdksa dk ns'k dh fofHkUu Hkk"kkvkas] vaxzst+h rFkk dkB dhxkM+h ukVd dk Sap esa vuqokn gqvk gSA mUgksaus 1986 esavesfjdk esa vk;ksftr igys varjkZ"Vh; efgyk ukVddkj

lEesyu esa Hkkjr dk izfrfuf/kRo fd;kA mUgsa jaxeap esa fof'k"Bdk;Z gsrq1986 esa laLfr iqjLdkj] 1990 esa fnYyh ukV~; la?k

lEeku vkSj m-iz- laxhr ukVd vdknseh ds l +Qnj gk'ehiqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;k gSA izks- 'kekZ Hkkjr dh mu

99 fof'k"B efgykvksa esa 'kkfey gSa ftUgsa ,d varjkZ"Vh; igy}kjk ukscy 'kkafr iqjLdkj ds fy, gt+kj efgyk,a* ds fy,ukfer fd;k x;k gSA

gsek flag,lksfl,V izksQslj] vfHku;

fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ls jktuhfr 'kkL= esa ch-,- vkWulZ vkSjjk"Vh; ukV~; fo|ky; ls 1982 esa Lukrd] gsek flag Hkkjrh;jaxeap dh tkuh&ekuh vfHkus=h gSaA mUgksaus vusd izfrf"Br

Hkkjrh; vkSj varjk"Vh; funsZ'kdksa ds funsZ'ku esa 50 ls Hkhvf/kd eq[; Hkwfedk,a vfHkuhr dh gSaA mUgksaus jk-uk-fo- jaxeaMyds lkFk 10 o"kksZa rd dk;Z fd;k vkSj ikjlh jaxeap rFkk dkO;izLrqfrdj.k esa vius uohu fopkjksa ds fy, tkuh tkrh gSaAHkkjr vkSj fons'kksa esa vusd dk;Z'kkykvksa dk lapkyu dj pqdhagsek flag jaxeap ij ys[k] iqLrdksa ds vuqokn ds vykok,u-lh-bZ -vkj-Vh-] Vsyhohtu vkSj jsfM;ks ds fy, Hkh ys[ku djpqdha gSaA og jk"Vh; ukV~; fo|ky; esa o"kZ 2003 ls ,lksfl,VizksQslj gSaA jaxeap esa fo'ks"k ;ksxnku ds fy, mUgsas 2008 esaizfrf"Br euksgj flag Lefr iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA

vuqjk/kk diwjfuns'kd] jk"Vh; ukV~; fo|ky;o izksQslj] vfHku; ,oa funsZ'ku

vuqjk/kk diwj us yhM~l fo'ofo|ky; ls ih-,p-Mh- dh mikf/k izkIr dhA mUgksausHkkjrh; jaxeap ij foLrr :i ls fy[kk gSA mudh iqLrd % ,DVlZ fiyfxzEl]fdaXl ,aM xkWM~l] n jkeyhyk ,V jkeuxj] lhxy cqDl dydkk }kjk izdkf'krdh xbZ gSA muds }kjk funsZf'kr ukVdksa esa% mejko] n tkWc] lqUnjh % ,u ,DVjfizis;lZ] n okbYM Md vkSj ,UVhxuh gSaA mUgksaus O;kid :Ik ls v;kiu vkSjfunsZ'ku dk;Z fd;k gSA muds }kjk funsZf'kr ukVd Hkkjr vkSj fons'k ds dbZizfrf"Br jaxeap lekjksgksa esa eafpr gq, gSaA os 1989 esa LFkkfir] fp=dkjksa] laxhrKksa]

ys[kdksa vkSj jaxdfeZ;ksa ds ny fooknh dh laLFkkid lnL; Hkh gSaA vusd iqjLdkj olEeku izkIr MkW- diwj dks 2004 esa funsZ'ku ds fy, laxhr ukVd vdknseh iqjLdkjls lEekfur fd;k x;kA

54 55

2002&03 esa vfHkyk"k fiYyS dks laLfr ijLdkj ls lEekfur ij gbZ ;usLdks dh dk;Z'kkyk ds og dkslZ MkbjsDVj FksA mUgksausvCny yrhQ [kVkuk enzkl fo'ofo|ky; ls ih,p Mh dh gSA 1991 esa mUgksaus jkuk fo

ladk; ladk;


30/33

2002 03 e vf kyk k fiYy dk lLfr iqjLdkj l l ekfurfd;k x;kA

ukV~; lkfgR;dhfrZ tSuizksQslj] vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; ukVd

vaxzst+h lkfgR; esa ,e-,- rFkk jk-uk-fo- ls funsZ'ku esa fo'ks"kKrkds lkFk ukV~; dyk esa fMIyksek IkzkIr dhfrZ tSu ukVdksa esavfHku;] funsZ'ku ds vykok Hkkjr vkSj fons'kksa esa dbZ

jax&dk;Z'kkykvksa dk lapkyu vkSj jaxeap ls lacaf/kr iqLrdksa ,oaif=dkvksa ds fy, fgUnh o vaxzst+h esa ys[k fy[k pqdh gSaAlkaLfrd vknku&iznku dk;Ze ds varxZr laxksf"B;ksa vkSjlEesyuksa esa Hkkx ysus ds fy, mUgksaus fofHkUu ns'kksaa dh ;k=k,aa dhgaSA mUgksaus fnYyh nwjn'kZu ds fy, dbZ ukVd o okfp= rS;kjfd, vkSj 1988 ls 1995 rd fo|ky; ds funs'kd in ijdk;Zjr jgh gSaA bl nkSjku mUgksaus jkukfo esa laLdkj jax Vksyh]vfHkys[ku o izdk'ku dk;Zeksa ds vykok cSaxyq# esa,d {ks=h; lalk/ku dsanz izkjaHk fd;kA og uVjax izfr"Bku*uked jaxeap lalk/ku dsanz dh U;klh Hkh gSA izks- tSu dks2010 esa izfrf"Br c-o- dkjUr Lefr iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;kx;k gSA

ds- ,l- jktsUnzuizksQslj] 'kkL=h; Hkkjrh; ukVd

ds- ,l- jktsUnzu Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa ds ukVdksa ds tkus&ekusfunsZ'kd gSaA jk-uk-fo- ls Lukrd mikf/k izkIr dj mUgksaus pSUubZfLFkr jaxeaMy dqFkw&ih&iV~VjkbZ ds lkFk dk;Z fd;kA 2007 esa

mUgksaus ubZ fnYyh fFk,Vj odZ'kkWi uked laLFkk dh LFkkiuk dhftlus vc rd dbZ uR;&jaxeap izLrqfr;kW nh gSaA mudsfunZs'kdh; dk;ksaZ esa dkfynkl vkSj 'kwnzd ds dkyt;h laLrukVdksa ds vykok czs"V] vk;ksusLdks vkSj tsusV ds :ikarj.kksa lsysdj ledkyhu ys[kdksa ds ukVd 'kkfey gSaA mUgksaus Hkkjr vkSjfon'kksa esa dbZ jax dk;Z'kkyk,a lapkfyr dh gS vkSj jaxeap ijO;k[;ku Hkh fn, gSaA 2006 esa cq[kkjsLV esa ^,afl,aV bafM;u Mkek*

ij gqb ;wuLdk dh dk;'kkyk d og dkl MkbjDVj kA m gku2008 esa Jaxsjh ds laLr fo'ofo|ky; ds fy, laLr ukV~;izLrqfr ij ,d jk"Vh; dk;Z'kkyk dk vk;kstu fd;kA mudhgky dh izLrqfr 'ksDlfi;j r fjpMZ&3 chftax esa vk;ksftrnwljs varjjk"Vh; jax egksRlo esa 'kkfey dh xbZ FkhA Jh

jktsUnzu viuh vuqla/kku ifj;kstuk fFk,Vj vkWQ nzfofM+;uewoesaV* ij dk;Z djrs gq, dkmafly vkWQ fgLVksfjdy fjlpZ dsv;srk 1985&87 jgs gSaA

lkaruqcksl

vflLVSaV izksQslj] fo'o ukVdtk/koiqj fo'ofo|ky; ls rqyukRed lkfgR; dk v;;u djus dsckn lkaruqcksl us jk"Vh; ukV~; fo|ky; ls LukRdkskj mikf/kizkIr dhA mUgksaus jaxeap dh 'kq:vkr fo[;kr jaxdehZ rfIr fe=ds lkFk ,d izf'k{kqds :i esa dhA og cgqlkaLfrd ifjfLFkfr;ksaesa izLrqfr rS;kj djus esa fo'ks"k :fp ysrs jgs gSaA mUgksaus f +QYeksa dsn'; fuekZ.k ds vykok rRlaca/kh izf'k{k.k Hkh fn;k gS vkSj xSyjhvk/kkfjr n';&dyk dk;ksZa esa fMftVy rduhd dk iz;ksx fd;kgSA

jaxeap rduhd vkSj vfHkdYiukjkWfcu nklizksQslj] n'; ifjdYiuk

mRdy fo'ofo|ky; ls Lukrd jkWfcu nkl us 1976 esa

jk-uk-fo- ls Lukrdkskj mikf/k izkIr dh vkSj 1977&78 easfo|ky; ds f'k{k.k ladk; dk fgLlk cusA ns'k ds izeq[kfunsZ'kdksa ds lkFk fMt+kbuj ds :Ik esa dk;Z djrs gq, mUgksausfofHkUu fo/kkvksa ds yxHkx 50 izLrqfr;ksa ds fy, jkspd fMt+kbu

rS;kj fd,A ,d funsZ'kd ds :i esa mUgksaus ledkyhu Hkkjrh;jaxeap ds dbZ egRoiw.kZ igyqvksa dks vkxs c


31/33

qges'kk rRij jgs gSaA o"kZ 2000 esa jaxeap ifjdYiuk ds {ks= esafo'ks"k ;ksxnku ds fy, mUgsa laxhr ukVd vdknseh iq:Ldkj ls

lEekfur fd;k x;kA

v'kksd lkxj HkxrizksQslj] jaxeap LFkkiR;

jkukfo ds o"kZ 1979 ds Lukrd v'kksd lkxj Hkxr ,d[;kfrizkIr izdk'k o n'; ifjdYid gSaA og laxhr ukVdiqjLdkj ls lEekfur 2002 gSa vkSj orZeku esa vk/kqfud fopkjksa

ds lkFk izkS|ksfxdh ds iz;ksx }kjk fFk,Vj bekjrksa ds iqu#)kj esalayXu gSaA jaxeap rduhd vkSj rRlaca/kh lapkyu ds {ks= esamuds }kjk fn, x;s ;ksxnku esa gkW,fLVax flLVe ds fy,Lokyach Lisl se dk fuekZ.k] Vw&ckj MkWi&dVsZu vkWijs'ku dkifjp;] jkukfo ds vfHkeap lHkkxkj esa Hkkjr dk igyk^ykbV&lkWV&IkSfpax* 'kkfey gSaA mUgksaus fpUe; fe'ku fnYyhds :Ik esa Hkkjr dk Ikgyk bdks&'kSy lHkkxkj fn;k gSA mUgksausIkVuk fLFkr ipkl ds n'kd esa cus izsepan jax'kkyk dk Hkhuohdj.k fd;k vkSj mls lsYQ+ LikWfVZax gkW,fLVax flLVe dsvykok u;k ywi&dkm.Vj&osV flLVe fn;k gSA gky gh esa cuwjfLFkr Hkkth xqj'kj.k lHkkxkj mudk ,d mYys[kuh; ;ksxnku gSftlesa mUgksaus 90 QqV O;kl dk v/kZ&xksykdkj czsy&IknkZ cuk;kgSA Ikzks- Hkxr tkiku] teZuh] phu] FkkbZyS.M] :l] fdxhZLrku]dt+kDLrku] dksfj;k vkSj czkthy esa vk;ksftr QSLVhoYl vkWQbafM;k* ds rduhdh funsZ'kd jg pqds gSaA mUgksaus cSafMV DohuvkSj gt+kjksa [+okfg'ksa ,slh f +QYeksa esa dyk&funsZ'kd ds rkSj ij

mR"V dk;Z fd;k gSA

lqjs'k Hkkj}ktizksQslj] izdk'k ifjdYiuk

jk-uk-fo- ds Lukrd lqjs'k Hkkj}kt us 1980 esa foLrkj dk;Zeds varxZr ,d o"khZ; f'k{kkofr izkIr dhA og Hkkjr Hkou

jaxeaMy] Hkksiky ds rduhdh funsZ'kd vkSj fnYyh dh jaxeaMyh^laHko* ds laLFkkid lnL; jgs gSaA 1985 esa mUgksaus Vsyhfot+uvkSj flusek dh vksj :[k fd;kA 1988 esa og jkukfo ladk; ds

bl nkSjku nwjn'kZu vkSj lSVsykbV pSuyksa ds fy, ys[ku]funsZ'ku vkSj fMt+kbu dk;Z fd,] Hkkjr vkSj fons'kksa esa dbZ

jaxeap dk;Z'kkyk,a lapkfyr dha vkSj vusd laLFkkuksa ds fy,dbZ Hkk"kkvksa esa ukVdksa dh ifjdYiuk o funsZ'ku fd;kA mUgksaus;wusLdks ds varxZr oYMZ Mkek Ldwy esa varjjk"Vh; fu.kkZ;d ds:i esa Hkh dk;Z fd;k gSA mUgsa jaxeap ds {ks= esa fo'ks"k ;ksxnkuds fy, laxhr ukVd vdknseh iqjLdkj vkSj peu yky

lkslkbVh ds jkWLdks ;w-ds- iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;k gSA

vejthr 'kekZ,slksfl,V izksQslj] eap VSDuksykWthfnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ls Lukrd] vejthr 'kekZ us 1979 esa

jk-uk-fo- ds dk"B'kkyk foHkkx esa dk;Z vkjaHk fd;k] rnqijkar os1994 esa eap VSDyksykWftLV ds in ij fu;qDr gq,A ukVdksa dseapu vkSj lacaf/kr xfrfof/k;ksa gsrqeap ifjdYiuk,a] ;kstuk,a vkSjekWMy rS;kj djuk mudk mkjnkf;Ro jgk gSA 1999 ls izkjEHkgq, Hkkjr jax egksRlo] 1998 ls izkjEHk gq, t'us cpiu vkSj2000&2001 esa vk;ksftr Hkkjr esa teZu egksRlo ls ysdj vc

rd og yxkrkj eap&laLFkkiu vkSj fu"iknu dk mYys[kuh;dk;Z dj pqds gSaA mUgksaus Vsyhfotu /kkjkokfgdksa ds fy, Hkh eapifjdYiuk dh gS vkSj jkukfo dh vksj ls eap fuekZ.k laca/kh dk;Zds fy, teZuh vkSj Jhyadk Hkh x,A mUgksaus 1998 esaHkkjr&tkiku lkaLfrd vknku&iznku dk;Ze ds rgr VksD;ksesa vk;ksftr mUur jax&rduhd dk;Ze esa Hkh Hkkx fy;kA

vfrfFk ladk;fo|ky; le; ij ns'k&fons'k ds mR"V ltZukRedizfrHkkvksa dks vfrfFk ladk; lnL; ds :i esa vkeaf=r djrk jgkgSA fHkUu&fHkUu Hkkf"kd vkSj lkaLfrd i"BHkwfe;ksa ds ,sls dbZ

ltu'khy O;fDrRo tks jaxeap ds {ks= esa lf; gSa vkSj lkaLfrd;FkkFkZ ds ifjorZu'khy ifjn'; esa bl ek;e dh pqukSfr;ksa dk

lkeuk djrs jgs gSa] fo|ky; esa vfrfFk ladk; ds :Ik esa vkrs jgsgSa vkSj fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls vius vuqHko lk>k djrs jgs gSaA

jxeMylqjs'k 'kekZjaxeaMy] izeq[k

HkkjrsanqukV~; vdknseh y[ku ls jaxeap dyk esa fMIyksekvkSj jk-uk-fo- ls vfHku; esa Lukrdkskj fMIyksek izkIr Jh lqjs'k'kekZ us fnYyh ds laHko ukV~; laLFkk ds lkFk Lora= jaxdehZ ds

rkSj ij 'kq:vkr dhA 1985&86 esa xqykc ckbZ vkSj eqnzkjk{klds ekxZn'kZu esa mUgksaus mkj izns'k dh ukSVadh 'kSyh esa Qsyksf'kidhA mUgksaus eaMh] fgekpy izns'k esa ,d jaxeaMy dh LFkki

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NSD Prospectus 2012