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now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS status
Paola Sala INFN Milanoon behalf of the
CNGS Secondary beam working group
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Cern Neutrino to Gran Sasso
Commissinioning 2006
Operation since 2007
Search for oscillation in appearance732 km baseline
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
BN collimator d=14mm
Be window t=100m
Proton Beam bull From SPS 400 GeVcbull Cycle length 6 sbull Extractions
ndash 2 separated by 50msbull Pulse length 105sbull Beam intensity
ndash 2x 24 middot 1013 pppbull ~05mmbull Beam performance
ndash 45middot 1019 potyear (shared mode)
At LNGSOPERA 146000 emulsion bricks (121 kton) Icarus 600 t LAr TPC
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID
Air cooled graphite target magazinendash 4 in situ sparesndash 27 interaction lengthsndash Target table movable horizontallyvertically for alignment
bull TBID multiplicity detectorbull 2 horns (horn and reflector)
ndash Water cooled pulsed with 10ms half-sine wave pulse of up to 150180kA 03Hz remote polarity change possible
bull Decay pipe ndash 1000m diameter 245m 1mbar vacuum
bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons
bull 2 muon monitor stations muon fluxes and profiles
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Neutrino Flux
CC event rate 600 CCkt 1019pot55 e CCkt 1019pot
Nominal intensity 45 1019 poty
Simulated neutrino fluxes at GranSasso see httpwwwmiinfnit~psalaIcaruscngshtml( also linked from wwwcernchcngs)
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2006-2008
bull 2006 first commissioning ndash beam and simulation checks in muon
pitsndash first beam to GranSasso
bull 2006-2008 problems and solutionsndash reflector cooling circuitndash reflector striplinesndash radiation damage
bull 2008 running again
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
muon pit instrumentation
60cm270cm
1125cm
bull 2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)
bull 2 x 1 movable monitor
LHC type Beam Loss Monitors
bull Stainless steel cylinder
bull Al electrodes 05cm separation
bull N2 gas filling
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
The Polarity asymmetry
During commissioningObserved asymmetry betweenNeutrino (focusing of positive mesons)AndAnti-neutrino (focusing of negative mesons)
The asymmetry is clearly visible in the horizontal direction
There is a (smaller) asymmetry also in the vertical direction
NOTE thatThe secondary beam has been aligned so to have CENTERED muon distributions in the NEUTRINO mode
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
The solutionbull Possible explaination the Earth magnetic fieldbull If we assume a simple offset-dipole field and calculate the B
components in the CNGS reference systemndash Z along the beam pointing to GranSassondash X in the horizontal direction pointing left when looking towards
LNGSndash Y almost vertical pointing up
we havebull Bx = 0159 Gauss = 159 10-5 Tbull By = -0421 Gauss = -421 10-5 Tbull Bz = -0113 Gauss = -113 10-5 T
On a 1 km path this field gives a deviation of a few tens of centimeters (dep on energy) deflectingPositive particles to the left and upNegative particles to the right and down
Attenuation in the Decay Tube Stainless Steel has been evaluatedAttenuation of transverse field 239Attenuation of parallel field 111
What about shielding by Stainless Steel
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
The solution confirmedSimulated response of the muon monitors in electrons pot with earth magnetic field and a 1mm horizontal displacement of target vs hornreflectorThe asymmetry is perfectly reproducedThe absolute comparison of simulation and muon pit data is within 5 in 1st pit
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2nd pit
In the 2nd pit there is a 20 underestimation in neutrino mode
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
works 1 hornreflector coolingbull Leak in water outlet of cooling circuit of
reflector after 4105 pulses (Oct 06) Design fault in ceramic insulator brazing
Repair and exchange possiblendash Replace brazed connections by
connections under pressurendash Detailed dose planning tooling and
trainingndash Additional local shielding
total integrated dose 16mSv
new
old
All horn and reflector outlets exchanged
Water inlet circuits installation of a more reliable solution to prevent future problems
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
works 2 reflector striplinesAug 2007 Cracks in busbar flexible connection of reflector
New design during shutdown 200708 for horn and reflector
old
new
bull Old design twisted cables
bull New design continuous plates clamped
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Works 3radiation issues CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
Large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
bullDuring CNGS run 2007 after 79middot1017 pot ndashFailure of ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to
radiation effects in the control electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)
Temperature Probes
Ventilation Units
Target Chamber
ServiceGallery
Proton Beam Line
ElectronicsRacks
2007 layout
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Radiation issues solved
Modifications during shutdown 200708 move as much electronics as possible out of CNGS tunnel areaCreate radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year
200607
2008 lt 106 hcm2yr
107 109 hcm2yr
Simulated shielding attenuation factors between 103 and 106
forbullAbsorbed dosebull1-MeV equivalent neutronsbullHigh energy hadrons
Dose monitors in electronics areasNo counts above the background coming from activated air
for comparison h gt20MeV fromcosmic rays at sea level asymp 105 cm2y
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Layout Modifications 2008
TT41
TSG41
TCC4
TSG4
TCC4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Concrete concrete bricks movable plugs
TSG4 mobile plug in TCV4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Plans for CNGS 2008
bull Startup 18 June 2008bull First month gradual intensity increase up to bull maximum intensity 4middot1013 potcycle REACHED bull June-November 122 daysbull 80 efficiencyhelliphellipbull Super-Cycle contains 3 CNGS cycles
ndash Day SC 48s long ndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s) 1
MD (6s)ndash Night amp WE 42s longndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s)ndash Night amp WE 336s long until LHC needs beam on a regular
basisndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s)
PLANNED FOR 2008 23 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2008 beam monitoring pit 1 central detector response vs time
026
027
028
029
03
031
032
033
034
035
036
037
038
188 0726 188 0838 188 0950 188 1102 188 1214 188 1326 188 1438 188 1550 188 1702 188 1814
date
ch
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
5E+12
1E+13
15E+13
2E+13
25E+13
3E+13
35E+13
4E+13
45E+13
5E+13
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
Central Muon Detector Pit-1Protons on Targetchargepot
stable
potextractionmax reached
beam size instabilitydetected in -pit
10
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
00E+00
50E+17
10E+18
15E+18
20E+18
25E+18
30E+18
35E+18
40E+18
45E+18
50E+18
55E+18
60E+18
186 226 266 306 47 87 127 167 207 247 287 18 58 98 138 178 218 258 298 29
date
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange ampseptum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
Horn water filter exchangeHadron stop sump emptying
CNGS Total Integrated Protons on Target 2008
02-Sep-2008 057 1019 pot
Efficiency was lower than expected asymp 40
New 2008 estimate 17 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Conclusions
bull All CNGS modifications were successfulbull The facility is running smoothly bull An intensity of 4 1013 pot per cycle has been
reached bull Up to 24-8-2008 OPERA saw 399 events in bricks
consistent with expectations (see OPERA talk)bull The efficiency of the accelerator system was lower
than expected lowering the foreseen total intensity to 17 1019 pots for 2008
bull However efficiency went back to 75 in the last weeks
in 2009 4 CNGS cycles per super-cycle still to be discussedhellip
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
end
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Backupslides
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 10 Gry
bull TCV4 lt 100 mGry
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
bull 1 MeV n-equiv fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 ncm2
bull TCV4 lt 109 ncm2
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
High-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 hcm2
bull TCV4 lt 108 ncm2
F 104
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Expected Radiation Levels
Absorbed dose
Neutron fluence (1-MeV equiv)
Energetic hadrons
(gt20 MeV) fluence
[Gyy] [cm2y] [cm2y]
TSG4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 10 109 1010 107 109
Shielding attenuation factor 106 106 104
Expected levels ndash 2008 10-6 10-
5
103 104 103 105
TCV4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 100 1010 1012 108 1011
Shielding attenuation factor 103 104 103
Expected levels - 2008 10-3 10-
1
106 108 105 108
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Horizontal target scan- Data taken from Ionization Chambers (IC) mounted outside the shielding Also very sensitive backup for TBID
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Cern Neutrino to Gran Sasso
Commissinioning 2006
Operation since 2007
Search for oscillation in appearance732 km baseline
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
BN collimator d=14mm
Be window t=100m
Proton Beam bull From SPS 400 GeVcbull Cycle length 6 sbull Extractions
ndash 2 separated by 50msbull Pulse length 105sbull Beam intensity
ndash 2x 24 middot 1013 pppbull ~05mmbull Beam performance
ndash 45middot 1019 potyear (shared mode)
At LNGSOPERA 146000 emulsion bricks (121 kton) Icarus 600 t LAr TPC
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID
Air cooled graphite target magazinendash 4 in situ sparesndash 27 interaction lengthsndash Target table movable horizontallyvertically for alignment
bull TBID multiplicity detectorbull 2 horns (horn and reflector)
ndash Water cooled pulsed with 10ms half-sine wave pulse of up to 150180kA 03Hz remote polarity change possible
bull Decay pipe ndash 1000m diameter 245m 1mbar vacuum
bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons
bull 2 muon monitor stations muon fluxes and profiles
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Neutrino Flux
CC event rate 600 CCkt 1019pot55 e CCkt 1019pot
Nominal intensity 45 1019 poty
Simulated neutrino fluxes at GranSasso see httpwwwmiinfnit~psalaIcaruscngshtml( also linked from wwwcernchcngs)
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2006-2008
bull 2006 first commissioning ndash beam and simulation checks in muon
pitsndash first beam to GranSasso
bull 2006-2008 problems and solutionsndash reflector cooling circuitndash reflector striplinesndash radiation damage
bull 2008 running again
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
muon pit instrumentation
60cm270cm
1125cm
bull 2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)
bull 2 x 1 movable monitor
LHC type Beam Loss Monitors
bull Stainless steel cylinder
bull Al electrodes 05cm separation
bull N2 gas filling
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
The Polarity asymmetry
During commissioningObserved asymmetry betweenNeutrino (focusing of positive mesons)AndAnti-neutrino (focusing of negative mesons)
The asymmetry is clearly visible in the horizontal direction
There is a (smaller) asymmetry also in the vertical direction
NOTE thatThe secondary beam has been aligned so to have CENTERED muon distributions in the NEUTRINO mode
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
The solutionbull Possible explaination the Earth magnetic fieldbull If we assume a simple offset-dipole field and calculate the B
components in the CNGS reference systemndash Z along the beam pointing to GranSassondash X in the horizontal direction pointing left when looking towards
LNGSndash Y almost vertical pointing up
we havebull Bx = 0159 Gauss = 159 10-5 Tbull By = -0421 Gauss = -421 10-5 Tbull Bz = -0113 Gauss = -113 10-5 T
On a 1 km path this field gives a deviation of a few tens of centimeters (dep on energy) deflectingPositive particles to the left and upNegative particles to the right and down
Attenuation in the Decay Tube Stainless Steel has been evaluatedAttenuation of transverse field 239Attenuation of parallel field 111
What about shielding by Stainless Steel
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
The solution confirmedSimulated response of the muon monitors in electrons pot with earth magnetic field and a 1mm horizontal displacement of target vs hornreflectorThe asymmetry is perfectly reproducedThe absolute comparison of simulation and muon pit data is within 5 in 1st pit
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2nd pit
In the 2nd pit there is a 20 underestimation in neutrino mode
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
works 1 hornreflector coolingbull Leak in water outlet of cooling circuit of
reflector after 4105 pulses (Oct 06) Design fault in ceramic insulator brazing
Repair and exchange possiblendash Replace brazed connections by
connections under pressurendash Detailed dose planning tooling and
trainingndash Additional local shielding
total integrated dose 16mSv
new
old
All horn and reflector outlets exchanged
Water inlet circuits installation of a more reliable solution to prevent future problems
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
works 2 reflector striplinesAug 2007 Cracks in busbar flexible connection of reflector
New design during shutdown 200708 for horn and reflector
old
new
bull Old design twisted cables
bull New design continuous plates clamped
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Works 3radiation issues CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
Large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
bullDuring CNGS run 2007 after 79middot1017 pot ndashFailure of ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to
radiation effects in the control electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)
Temperature Probes
Ventilation Units
Target Chamber
ServiceGallery
Proton Beam Line
ElectronicsRacks
2007 layout
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Radiation issues solved
Modifications during shutdown 200708 move as much electronics as possible out of CNGS tunnel areaCreate radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year
200607
2008 lt 106 hcm2yr
107 109 hcm2yr
Simulated shielding attenuation factors between 103 and 106
forbullAbsorbed dosebull1-MeV equivalent neutronsbullHigh energy hadrons
Dose monitors in electronics areasNo counts above the background coming from activated air
for comparison h gt20MeV fromcosmic rays at sea level asymp 105 cm2y
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Layout Modifications 2008
TT41
TSG41
TCC4
TSG4
TCC4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Concrete concrete bricks movable plugs
TSG4 mobile plug in TCV4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Plans for CNGS 2008
bull Startup 18 June 2008bull First month gradual intensity increase up to bull maximum intensity 4middot1013 potcycle REACHED bull June-November 122 daysbull 80 efficiencyhelliphellipbull Super-Cycle contains 3 CNGS cycles
ndash Day SC 48s long ndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s) 1
MD (6s)ndash Night amp WE 42s longndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s)ndash Night amp WE 336s long until LHC needs beam on a regular
basisndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s)
PLANNED FOR 2008 23 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2008 beam monitoring pit 1 central detector response vs time
026
027
028
029
03
031
032
033
034
035
036
037
038
188 0726 188 0838 188 0950 188 1102 188 1214 188 1326 188 1438 188 1550 188 1702 188 1814
date
ch
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
5E+12
1E+13
15E+13
2E+13
25E+13
3E+13
35E+13
4E+13
45E+13
5E+13
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
Central Muon Detector Pit-1Protons on Targetchargepot
stable
potextractionmax reached
beam size instabilitydetected in -pit
10
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
00E+00
50E+17
10E+18
15E+18
20E+18
25E+18
30E+18
35E+18
40E+18
45E+18
50E+18
55E+18
60E+18
186 226 266 306 47 87 127 167 207 247 287 18 58 98 138 178 218 258 298 29
date
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange ampseptum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
Horn water filter exchangeHadron stop sump emptying
CNGS Total Integrated Protons on Target 2008
02-Sep-2008 057 1019 pot
Efficiency was lower than expected asymp 40
New 2008 estimate 17 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Conclusions
bull All CNGS modifications were successfulbull The facility is running smoothly bull An intensity of 4 1013 pot per cycle has been
reached bull Up to 24-8-2008 OPERA saw 399 events in bricks
consistent with expectations (see OPERA talk)bull The efficiency of the accelerator system was lower
than expected lowering the foreseen total intensity to 17 1019 pots for 2008
bull However efficiency went back to 75 in the last weeks
in 2009 4 CNGS cycles per super-cycle still to be discussedhellip
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
end
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Backupslides
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 10 Gry
bull TCV4 lt 100 mGry
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
bull 1 MeV n-equiv fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 ncm2
bull TCV4 lt 109 ncm2
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
High-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 hcm2
bull TCV4 lt 108 ncm2
F 104
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Expected Radiation Levels
Absorbed dose
Neutron fluence (1-MeV equiv)
Energetic hadrons
(gt20 MeV) fluence
[Gyy] [cm2y] [cm2y]
TSG4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 10 109 1010 107 109
Shielding attenuation factor 106 106 104
Expected levels ndash 2008 10-6 10-
5
103 104 103 105
TCV4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 100 1010 1012 108 1011
Shielding attenuation factor 103 104 103
Expected levels - 2008 10-3 10-
1
106 108 105 108
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Horizontal target scan- Data taken from Ionization Chambers (IC) mounted outside the shielding Also very sensitive backup for TBID
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
BN collimator d=14mm
Be window t=100m
Proton Beam bull From SPS 400 GeVcbull Cycle length 6 sbull Extractions
ndash 2 separated by 50msbull Pulse length 105sbull Beam intensity
ndash 2x 24 middot 1013 pppbull ~05mmbull Beam performance
ndash 45middot 1019 potyear (shared mode)
At LNGSOPERA 146000 emulsion bricks (121 kton) Icarus 600 t LAr TPC
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID
Air cooled graphite target magazinendash 4 in situ sparesndash 27 interaction lengthsndash Target table movable horizontallyvertically for alignment
bull TBID multiplicity detectorbull 2 horns (horn and reflector)
ndash Water cooled pulsed with 10ms half-sine wave pulse of up to 150180kA 03Hz remote polarity change possible
bull Decay pipe ndash 1000m diameter 245m 1mbar vacuum
bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons
bull 2 muon monitor stations muon fluxes and profiles
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Neutrino Flux
CC event rate 600 CCkt 1019pot55 e CCkt 1019pot
Nominal intensity 45 1019 poty
Simulated neutrino fluxes at GranSasso see httpwwwmiinfnit~psalaIcaruscngshtml( also linked from wwwcernchcngs)
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2006-2008
bull 2006 first commissioning ndash beam and simulation checks in muon
pitsndash first beam to GranSasso
bull 2006-2008 problems and solutionsndash reflector cooling circuitndash reflector striplinesndash radiation damage
bull 2008 running again
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
muon pit instrumentation
60cm270cm
1125cm
bull 2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)
bull 2 x 1 movable monitor
LHC type Beam Loss Monitors
bull Stainless steel cylinder
bull Al electrodes 05cm separation
bull N2 gas filling
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
The Polarity asymmetry
During commissioningObserved asymmetry betweenNeutrino (focusing of positive mesons)AndAnti-neutrino (focusing of negative mesons)
The asymmetry is clearly visible in the horizontal direction
There is a (smaller) asymmetry also in the vertical direction
NOTE thatThe secondary beam has been aligned so to have CENTERED muon distributions in the NEUTRINO mode
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
The solutionbull Possible explaination the Earth magnetic fieldbull If we assume a simple offset-dipole field and calculate the B
components in the CNGS reference systemndash Z along the beam pointing to GranSassondash X in the horizontal direction pointing left when looking towards
LNGSndash Y almost vertical pointing up
we havebull Bx = 0159 Gauss = 159 10-5 Tbull By = -0421 Gauss = -421 10-5 Tbull Bz = -0113 Gauss = -113 10-5 T
On a 1 km path this field gives a deviation of a few tens of centimeters (dep on energy) deflectingPositive particles to the left and upNegative particles to the right and down
Attenuation in the Decay Tube Stainless Steel has been evaluatedAttenuation of transverse field 239Attenuation of parallel field 111
What about shielding by Stainless Steel
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
The solution confirmedSimulated response of the muon monitors in electrons pot with earth magnetic field and a 1mm horizontal displacement of target vs hornreflectorThe asymmetry is perfectly reproducedThe absolute comparison of simulation and muon pit data is within 5 in 1st pit
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2nd pit
In the 2nd pit there is a 20 underestimation in neutrino mode
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
works 1 hornreflector coolingbull Leak in water outlet of cooling circuit of
reflector after 4105 pulses (Oct 06) Design fault in ceramic insulator brazing
Repair and exchange possiblendash Replace brazed connections by
connections under pressurendash Detailed dose planning tooling and
trainingndash Additional local shielding
total integrated dose 16mSv
new
old
All horn and reflector outlets exchanged
Water inlet circuits installation of a more reliable solution to prevent future problems
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
works 2 reflector striplinesAug 2007 Cracks in busbar flexible connection of reflector
New design during shutdown 200708 for horn and reflector
old
new
bull Old design twisted cables
bull New design continuous plates clamped
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Works 3radiation issues CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
Large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
bullDuring CNGS run 2007 after 79middot1017 pot ndashFailure of ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to
radiation effects in the control electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)
Temperature Probes
Ventilation Units
Target Chamber
ServiceGallery
Proton Beam Line
ElectronicsRacks
2007 layout
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Radiation issues solved
Modifications during shutdown 200708 move as much electronics as possible out of CNGS tunnel areaCreate radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year
200607
2008 lt 106 hcm2yr
107 109 hcm2yr
Simulated shielding attenuation factors between 103 and 106
forbullAbsorbed dosebull1-MeV equivalent neutronsbullHigh energy hadrons
Dose monitors in electronics areasNo counts above the background coming from activated air
for comparison h gt20MeV fromcosmic rays at sea level asymp 105 cm2y
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Layout Modifications 2008
TT41
TSG41
TCC4
TSG4
TCC4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Concrete concrete bricks movable plugs
TSG4 mobile plug in TCV4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Plans for CNGS 2008
bull Startup 18 June 2008bull First month gradual intensity increase up to bull maximum intensity 4middot1013 potcycle REACHED bull June-November 122 daysbull 80 efficiencyhelliphellipbull Super-Cycle contains 3 CNGS cycles
ndash Day SC 48s long ndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s) 1
MD (6s)ndash Night amp WE 42s longndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s)ndash Night amp WE 336s long until LHC needs beam on a regular
basisndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s)
PLANNED FOR 2008 23 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2008 beam monitoring pit 1 central detector response vs time
026
027
028
029
03
031
032
033
034
035
036
037
038
188 0726 188 0838 188 0950 188 1102 188 1214 188 1326 188 1438 188 1550 188 1702 188 1814
date
ch
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
5E+12
1E+13
15E+13
2E+13
25E+13
3E+13
35E+13
4E+13
45E+13
5E+13
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
Central Muon Detector Pit-1Protons on Targetchargepot
stable
potextractionmax reached
beam size instabilitydetected in -pit
10
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
00E+00
50E+17
10E+18
15E+18
20E+18
25E+18
30E+18
35E+18
40E+18
45E+18
50E+18
55E+18
60E+18
186 226 266 306 47 87 127 167 207 247 287 18 58 98 138 178 218 258 298 29
date
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange ampseptum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
Horn water filter exchangeHadron stop sump emptying
CNGS Total Integrated Protons on Target 2008
02-Sep-2008 057 1019 pot
Efficiency was lower than expected asymp 40
New 2008 estimate 17 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Conclusions
bull All CNGS modifications were successfulbull The facility is running smoothly bull An intensity of 4 1013 pot per cycle has been
reached bull Up to 24-8-2008 OPERA saw 399 events in bricks
consistent with expectations (see OPERA talk)bull The efficiency of the accelerator system was lower
than expected lowering the foreseen total intensity to 17 1019 pots for 2008
bull However efficiency went back to 75 in the last weeks
in 2009 4 CNGS cycles per super-cycle still to be discussedhellip
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
end
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Backupslides
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 10 Gry
bull TCV4 lt 100 mGry
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
bull 1 MeV n-equiv fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 ncm2
bull TCV4 lt 109 ncm2
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
High-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 hcm2
bull TCV4 lt 108 ncm2
F 104
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Expected Radiation Levels
Absorbed dose
Neutron fluence (1-MeV equiv)
Energetic hadrons
(gt20 MeV) fluence
[Gyy] [cm2y] [cm2y]
TSG4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 10 109 1010 107 109
Shielding attenuation factor 106 106 104
Expected levels ndash 2008 10-6 10-
5
103 104 103 105
TCV4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 100 1010 1012 108 1011
Shielding attenuation factor 103 104 103
Expected levels - 2008 10-3 10-
1
106 108 105 108
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Horizontal target scan- Data taken from Ionization Chambers (IC) mounted outside the shielding Also very sensitive backup for TBID
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID
Air cooled graphite target magazinendash 4 in situ sparesndash 27 interaction lengthsndash Target table movable horizontallyvertically for alignment
bull TBID multiplicity detectorbull 2 horns (horn and reflector)
ndash Water cooled pulsed with 10ms half-sine wave pulse of up to 150180kA 03Hz remote polarity change possible
bull Decay pipe ndash 1000m diameter 245m 1mbar vacuum
bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons
bull 2 muon monitor stations muon fluxes and profiles
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Neutrino Flux
CC event rate 600 CCkt 1019pot55 e CCkt 1019pot
Nominal intensity 45 1019 poty
Simulated neutrino fluxes at GranSasso see httpwwwmiinfnit~psalaIcaruscngshtml( also linked from wwwcernchcngs)
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2006-2008
bull 2006 first commissioning ndash beam and simulation checks in muon
pitsndash first beam to GranSasso
bull 2006-2008 problems and solutionsndash reflector cooling circuitndash reflector striplinesndash radiation damage
bull 2008 running again
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
muon pit instrumentation
60cm270cm
1125cm
bull 2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)
bull 2 x 1 movable monitor
LHC type Beam Loss Monitors
bull Stainless steel cylinder
bull Al electrodes 05cm separation
bull N2 gas filling
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
The Polarity asymmetry
During commissioningObserved asymmetry betweenNeutrino (focusing of positive mesons)AndAnti-neutrino (focusing of negative mesons)
The asymmetry is clearly visible in the horizontal direction
There is a (smaller) asymmetry also in the vertical direction
NOTE thatThe secondary beam has been aligned so to have CENTERED muon distributions in the NEUTRINO mode
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
The solutionbull Possible explaination the Earth magnetic fieldbull If we assume a simple offset-dipole field and calculate the B
components in the CNGS reference systemndash Z along the beam pointing to GranSassondash X in the horizontal direction pointing left when looking towards
LNGSndash Y almost vertical pointing up
we havebull Bx = 0159 Gauss = 159 10-5 Tbull By = -0421 Gauss = -421 10-5 Tbull Bz = -0113 Gauss = -113 10-5 T
On a 1 km path this field gives a deviation of a few tens of centimeters (dep on energy) deflectingPositive particles to the left and upNegative particles to the right and down
Attenuation in the Decay Tube Stainless Steel has been evaluatedAttenuation of transverse field 239Attenuation of parallel field 111
What about shielding by Stainless Steel
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
The solution confirmedSimulated response of the muon monitors in electrons pot with earth magnetic field and a 1mm horizontal displacement of target vs hornreflectorThe asymmetry is perfectly reproducedThe absolute comparison of simulation and muon pit data is within 5 in 1st pit
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2nd pit
In the 2nd pit there is a 20 underestimation in neutrino mode
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
works 1 hornreflector coolingbull Leak in water outlet of cooling circuit of
reflector after 4105 pulses (Oct 06) Design fault in ceramic insulator brazing
Repair and exchange possiblendash Replace brazed connections by
connections under pressurendash Detailed dose planning tooling and
trainingndash Additional local shielding
total integrated dose 16mSv
new
old
All horn and reflector outlets exchanged
Water inlet circuits installation of a more reliable solution to prevent future problems
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
works 2 reflector striplinesAug 2007 Cracks in busbar flexible connection of reflector
New design during shutdown 200708 for horn and reflector
old
new
bull Old design twisted cables
bull New design continuous plates clamped
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Works 3radiation issues CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
Large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
bullDuring CNGS run 2007 after 79middot1017 pot ndashFailure of ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to
radiation effects in the control electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)
Temperature Probes
Ventilation Units
Target Chamber
ServiceGallery
Proton Beam Line
ElectronicsRacks
2007 layout
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Radiation issues solved
Modifications during shutdown 200708 move as much electronics as possible out of CNGS tunnel areaCreate radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year
200607
2008 lt 106 hcm2yr
107 109 hcm2yr
Simulated shielding attenuation factors between 103 and 106
forbullAbsorbed dosebull1-MeV equivalent neutronsbullHigh energy hadrons
Dose monitors in electronics areasNo counts above the background coming from activated air
for comparison h gt20MeV fromcosmic rays at sea level asymp 105 cm2y
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Layout Modifications 2008
TT41
TSG41
TCC4
TSG4
TCC4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Concrete concrete bricks movable plugs
TSG4 mobile plug in TCV4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Plans for CNGS 2008
bull Startup 18 June 2008bull First month gradual intensity increase up to bull maximum intensity 4middot1013 potcycle REACHED bull June-November 122 daysbull 80 efficiencyhelliphellipbull Super-Cycle contains 3 CNGS cycles
ndash Day SC 48s long ndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s) 1
MD (6s)ndash Night amp WE 42s longndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s)ndash Night amp WE 336s long until LHC needs beam on a regular
basisndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s)
PLANNED FOR 2008 23 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2008 beam monitoring pit 1 central detector response vs time
026
027
028
029
03
031
032
033
034
035
036
037
038
188 0726 188 0838 188 0950 188 1102 188 1214 188 1326 188 1438 188 1550 188 1702 188 1814
date
ch
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
5E+12
1E+13
15E+13
2E+13
25E+13
3E+13
35E+13
4E+13
45E+13
5E+13
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
Central Muon Detector Pit-1Protons on Targetchargepot
stable
potextractionmax reached
beam size instabilitydetected in -pit
10
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
00E+00
50E+17
10E+18
15E+18
20E+18
25E+18
30E+18
35E+18
40E+18
45E+18
50E+18
55E+18
60E+18
186 226 266 306 47 87 127 167 207 247 287 18 58 98 138 178 218 258 298 29
date
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange ampseptum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
Horn water filter exchangeHadron stop sump emptying
CNGS Total Integrated Protons on Target 2008
02-Sep-2008 057 1019 pot
Efficiency was lower than expected asymp 40
New 2008 estimate 17 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Conclusions
bull All CNGS modifications were successfulbull The facility is running smoothly bull An intensity of 4 1013 pot per cycle has been
reached bull Up to 24-8-2008 OPERA saw 399 events in bricks
consistent with expectations (see OPERA talk)bull The efficiency of the accelerator system was lower
than expected lowering the foreseen total intensity to 17 1019 pots for 2008
bull However efficiency went back to 75 in the last weeks
in 2009 4 CNGS cycles per super-cycle still to be discussedhellip
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
end
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Backupslides
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 10 Gry
bull TCV4 lt 100 mGry
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
bull 1 MeV n-equiv fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 ncm2
bull TCV4 lt 109 ncm2
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
High-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 hcm2
bull TCV4 lt 108 ncm2
F 104
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Expected Radiation Levels
Absorbed dose
Neutron fluence (1-MeV equiv)
Energetic hadrons
(gt20 MeV) fluence
[Gyy] [cm2y] [cm2y]
TSG4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 10 109 1010 107 109
Shielding attenuation factor 106 106 104
Expected levels ndash 2008 10-6 10-
5
103 104 103 105
TCV4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 100 1010 1012 108 1011
Shielding attenuation factor 103 104 103
Expected levels - 2008 10-3 10-
1
106 108 105 108
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Horizontal target scan- Data taken from Ionization Chambers (IC) mounted outside the shielding Also very sensitive backup for TBID
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Neutrino Flux
CC event rate 600 CCkt 1019pot55 e CCkt 1019pot
Nominal intensity 45 1019 poty
Simulated neutrino fluxes at GranSasso see httpwwwmiinfnit~psalaIcaruscngshtml( also linked from wwwcernchcngs)
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2006-2008
bull 2006 first commissioning ndash beam and simulation checks in muon
pitsndash first beam to GranSasso
bull 2006-2008 problems and solutionsndash reflector cooling circuitndash reflector striplinesndash radiation damage
bull 2008 running again
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
muon pit instrumentation
60cm270cm
1125cm
bull 2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)
bull 2 x 1 movable monitor
LHC type Beam Loss Monitors
bull Stainless steel cylinder
bull Al electrodes 05cm separation
bull N2 gas filling
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
The Polarity asymmetry
During commissioningObserved asymmetry betweenNeutrino (focusing of positive mesons)AndAnti-neutrino (focusing of negative mesons)
The asymmetry is clearly visible in the horizontal direction
There is a (smaller) asymmetry also in the vertical direction
NOTE thatThe secondary beam has been aligned so to have CENTERED muon distributions in the NEUTRINO mode
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
The solutionbull Possible explaination the Earth magnetic fieldbull If we assume a simple offset-dipole field and calculate the B
components in the CNGS reference systemndash Z along the beam pointing to GranSassondash X in the horizontal direction pointing left when looking towards
LNGSndash Y almost vertical pointing up
we havebull Bx = 0159 Gauss = 159 10-5 Tbull By = -0421 Gauss = -421 10-5 Tbull Bz = -0113 Gauss = -113 10-5 T
On a 1 km path this field gives a deviation of a few tens of centimeters (dep on energy) deflectingPositive particles to the left and upNegative particles to the right and down
Attenuation in the Decay Tube Stainless Steel has been evaluatedAttenuation of transverse field 239Attenuation of parallel field 111
What about shielding by Stainless Steel
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
The solution confirmedSimulated response of the muon monitors in electrons pot with earth magnetic field and a 1mm horizontal displacement of target vs hornreflectorThe asymmetry is perfectly reproducedThe absolute comparison of simulation and muon pit data is within 5 in 1st pit
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2nd pit
In the 2nd pit there is a 20 underestimation in neutrino mode
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
works 1 hornreflector coolingbull Leak in water outlet of cooling circuit of
reflector after 4105 pulses (Oct 06) Design fault in ceramic insulator brazing
Repair and exchange possiblendash Replace brazed connections by
connections under pressurendash Detailed dose planning tooling and
trainingndash Additional local shielding
total integrated dose 16mSv
new
old
All horn and reflector outlets exchanged
Water inlet circuits installation of a more reliable solution to prevent future problems
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
works 2 reflector striplinesAug 2007 Cracks in busbar flexible connection of reflector
New design during shutdown 200708 for horn and reflector
old
new
bull Old design twisted cables
bull New design continuous plates clamped
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Works 3radiation issues CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
Large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
bullDuring CNGS run 2007 after 79middot1017 pot ndashFailure of ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to
radiation effects in the control electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)
Temperature Probes
Ventilation Units
Target Chamber
ServiceGallery
Proton Beam Line
ElectronicsRacks
2007 layout
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Radiation issues solved
Modifications during shutdown 200708 move as much electronics as possible out of CNGS tunnel areaCreate radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year
200607
2008 lt 106 hcm2yr
107 109 hcm2yr
Simulated shielding attenuation factors between 103 and 106
forbullAbsorbed dosebull1-MeV equivalent neutronsbullHigh energy hadrons
Dose monitors in electronics areasNo counts above the background coming from activated air
for comparison h gt20MeV fromcosmic rays at sea level asymp 105 cm2y
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Layout Modifications 2008
TT41
TSG41
TCC4
TSG4
TCC4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Concrete concrete bricks movable plugs
TSG4 mobile plug in TCV4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Plans for CNGS 2008
bull Startup 18 June 2008bull First month gradual intensity increase up to bull maximum intensity 4middot1013 potcycle REACHED bull June-November 122 daysbull 80 efficiencyhelliphellipbull Super-Cycle contains 3 CNGS cycles
ndash Day SC 48s long ndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s) 1
MD (6s)ndash Night amp WE 42s longndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s)ndash Night amp WE 336s long until LHC needs beam on a regular
basisndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s)
PLANNED FOR 2008 23 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2008 beam monitoring pit 1 central detector response vs time
026
027
028
029
03
031
032
033
034
035
036
037
038
188 0726 188 0838 188 0950 188 1102 188 1214 188 1326 188 1438 188 1550 188 1702 188 1814
date
ch
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
5E+12
1E+13
15E+13
2E+13
25E+13
3E+13
35E+13
4E+13
45E+13
5E+13
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
Central Muon Detector Pit-1Protons on Targetchargepot
stable
potextractionmax reached
beam size instabilitydetected in -pit
10
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
00E+00
50E+17
10E+18
15E+18
20E+18
25E+18
30E+18
35E+18
40E+18
45E+18
50E+18
55E+18
60E+18
186 226 266 306 47 87 127 167 207 247 287 18 58 98 138 178 218 258 298 29
date
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange ampseptum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
Horn water filter exchangeHadron stop sump emptying
CNGS Total Integrated Protons on Target 2008
02-Sep-2008 057 1019 pot
Efficiency was lower than expected asymp 40
New 2008 estimate 17 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Conclusions
bull All CNGS modifications were successfulbull The facility is running smoothly bull An intensity of 4 1013 pot per cycle has been
reached bull Up to 24-8-2008 OPERA saw 399 events in bricks
consistent with expectations (see OPERA talk)bull The efficiency of the accelerator system was lower
than expected lowering the foreseen total intensity to 17 1019 pots for 2008
bull However efficiency went back to 75 in the last weeks
in 2009 4 CNGS cycles per super-cycle still to be discussedhellip
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
end
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Backupslides
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 10 Gry
bull TCV4 lt 100 mGry
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
bull 1 MeV n-equiv fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 ncm2
bull TCV4 lt 109 ncm2
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
High-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 hcm2
bull TCV4 lt 108 ncm2
F 104
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Expected Radiation Levels
Absorbed dose
Neutron fluence (1-MeV equiv)
Energetic hadrons
(gt20 MeV) fluence
[Gyy] [cm2y] [cm2y]
TSG4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 10 109 1010 107 109
Shielding attenuation factor 106 106 104
Expected levels ndash 2008 10-6 10-
5
103 104 103 105
TCV4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 100 1010 1012 108 1011
Shielding attenuation factor 103 104 103
Expected levels - 2008 10-3 10-
1
106 108 105 108
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Horizontal target scan- Data taken from Ionization Chambers (IC) mounted outside the shielding Also very sensitive backup for TBID
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2006-2008
bull 2006 first commissioning ndash beam and simulation checks in muon
pitsndash first beam to GranSasso
bull 2006-2008 problems and solutionsndash reflector cooling circuitndash reflector striplinesndash radiation damage
bull 2008 running again
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
muon pit instrumentation
60cm270cm
1125cm
bull 2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)
bull 2 x 1 movable monitor
LHC type Beam Loss Monitors
bull Stainless steel cylinder
bull Al electrodes 05cm separation
bull N2 gas filling
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
The Polarity asymmetry
During commissioningObserved asymmetry betweenNeutrino (focusing of positive mesons)AndAnti-neutrino (focusing of negative mesons)
The asymmetry is clearly visible in the horizontal direction
There is a (smaller) asymmetry also in the vertical direction
NOTE thatThe secondary beam has been aligned so to have CENTERED muon distributions in the NEUTRINO mode
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
The solutionbull Possible explaination the Earth magnetic fieldbull If we assume a simple offset-dipole field and calculate the B
components in the CNGS reference systemndash Z along the beam pointing to GranSassondash X in the horizontal direction pointing left when looking towards
LNGSndash Y almost vertical pointing up
we havebull Bx = 0159 Gauss = 159 10-5 Tbull By = -0421 Gauss = -421 10-5 Tbull Bz = -0113 Gauss = -113 10-5 T
On a 1 km path this field gives a deviation of a few tens of centimeters (dep on energy) deflectingPositive particles to the left and upNegative particles to the right and down
Attenuation in the Decay Tube Stainless Steel has been evaluatedAttenuation of transverse field 239Attenuation of parallel field 111
What about shielding by Stainless Steel
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
The solution confirmedSimulated response of the muon monitors in electrons pot with earth magnetic field and a 1mm horizontal displacement of target vs hornreflectorThe asymmetry is perfectly reproducedThe absolute comparison of simulation and muon pit data is within 5 in 1st pit
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2nd pit
In the 2nd pit there is a 20 underestimation in neutrino mode
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
works 1 hornreflector coolingbull Leak in water outlet of cooling circuit of
reflector after 4105 pulses (Oct 06) Design fault in ceramic insulator brazing
Repair and exchange possiblendash Replace brazed connections by
connections under pressurendash Detailed dose planning tooling and
trainingndash Additional local shielding
total integrated dose 16mSv
new
old
All horn and reflector outlets exchanged
Water inlet circuits installation of a more reliable solution to prevent future problems
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
works 2 reflector striplinesAug 2007 Cracks in busbar flexible connection of reflector
New design during shutdown 200708 for horn and reflector
old
new
bull Old design twisted cables
bull New design continuous plates clamped
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Works 3radiation issues CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
Large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
bullDuring CNGS run 2007 after 79middot1017 pot ndashFailure of ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to
radiation effects in the control electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)
Temperature Probes
Ventilation Units
Target Chamber
ServiceGallery
Proton Beam Line
ElectronicsRacks
2007 layout
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Radiation issues solved
Modifications during shutdown 200708 move as much electronics as possible out of CNGS tunnel areaCreate radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year
200607
2008 lt 106 hcm2yr
107 109 hcm2yr
Simulated shielding attenuation factors between 103 and 106
forbullAbsorbed dosebull1-MeV equivalent neutronsbullHigh energy hadrons
Dose monitors in electronics areasNo counts above the background coming from activated air
for comparison h gt20MeV fromcosmic rays at sea level asymp 105 cm2y
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Layout Modifications 2008
TT41
TSG41
TCC4
TSG4
TCC4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Concrete concrete bricks movable plugs
TSG4 mobile plug in TCV4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Plans for CNGS 2008
bull Startup 18 June 2008bull First month gradual intensity increase up to bull maximum intensity 4middot1013 potcycle REACHED bull June-November 122 daysbull 80 efficiencyhelliphellipbull Super-Cycle contains 3 CNGS cycles
ndash Day SC 48s long ndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s) 1
MD (6s)ndash Night amp WE 42s longndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s)ndash Night amp WE 336s long until LHC needs beam on a regular
basisndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s)
PLANNED FOR 2008 23 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2008 beam monitoring pit 1 central detector response vs time
026
027
028
029
03
031
032
033
034
035
036
037
038
188 0726 188 0838 188 0950 188 1102 188 1214 188 1326 188 1438 188 1550 188 1702 188 1814
date
ch
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
5E+12
1E+13
15E+13
2E+13
25E+13
3E+13
35E+13
4E+13
45E+13
5E+13
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
Central Muon Detector Pit-1Protons on Targetchargepot
stable
potextractionmax reached
beam size instabilitydetected in -pit
10
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
00E+00
50E+17
10E+18
15E+18
20E+18
25E+18
30E+18
35E+18
40E+18
45E+18
50E+18
55E+18
60E+18
186 226 266 306 47 87 127 167 207 247 287 18 58 98 138 178 218 258 298 29
date
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange ampseptum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
Horn water filter exchangeHadron stop sump emptying
CNGS Total Integrated Protons on Target 2008
02-Sep-2008 057 1019 pot
Efficiency was lower than expected asymp 40
New 2008 estimate 17 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Conclusions
bull All CNGS modifications were successfulbull The facility is running smoothly bull An intensity of 4 1013 pot per cycle has been
reached bull Up to 24-8-2008 OPERA saw 399 events in bricks
consistent with expectations (see OPERA talk)bull The efficiency of the accelerator system was lower
than expected lowering the foreseen total intensity to 17 1019 pots for 2008
bull However efficiency went back to 75 in the last weeks
in 2009 4 CNGS cycles per super-cycle still to be discussedhellip
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
end
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Backupslides
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 10 Gry
bull TCV4 lt 100 mGry
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
bull 1 MeV n-equiv fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 ncm2
bull TCV4 lt 109 ncm2
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
High-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 hcm2
bull TCV4 lt 108 ncm2
F 104
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Expected Radiation Levels
Absorbed dose
Neutron fluence (1-MeV equiv)
Energetic hadrons
(gt20 MeV) fluence
[Gyy] [cm2y] [cm2y]
TSG4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 10 109 1010 107 109
Shielding attenuation factor 106 106 104
Expected levels ndash 2008 10-6 10-
5
103 104 103 105
TCV4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 100 1010 1012 108 1011
Shielding attenuation factor 103 104 103
Expected levels - 2008 10-3 10-
1
106 108 105 108
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Horizontal target scan- Data taken from Ionization Chambers (IC) mounted outside the shielding Also very sensitive backup for TBID
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
muon pit instrumentation
60cm270cm
1125cm
bull 2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)
bull 2 x 1 movable monitor
LHC type Beam Loss Monitors
bull Stainless steel cylinder
bull Al electrodes 05cm separation
bull N2 gas filling
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
The Polarity asymmetry
During commissioningObserved asymmetry betweenNeutrino (focusing of positive mesons)AndAnti-neutrino (focusing of negative mesons)
The asymmetry is clearly visible in the horizontal direction
There is a (smaller) asymmetry also in the vertical direction
NOTE thatThe secondary beam has been aligned so to have CENTERED muon distributions in the NEUTRINO mode
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
The solutionbull Possible explaination the Earth magnetic fieldbull If we assume a simple offset-dipole field and calculate the B
components in the CNGS reference systemndash Z along the beam pointing to GranSassondash X in the horizontal direction pointing left when looking towards
LNGSndash Y almost vertical pointing up
we havebull Bx = 0159 Gauss = 159 10-5 Tbull By = -0421 Gauss = -421 10-5 Tbull Bz = -0113 Gauss = -113 10-5 T
On a 1 km path this field gives a deviation of a few tens of centimeters (dep on energy) deflectingPositive particles to the left and upNegative particles to the right and down
Attenuation in the Decay Tube Stainless Steel has been evaluatedAttenuation of transverse field 239Attenuation of parallel field 111
What about shielding by Stainless Steel
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
The solution confirmedSimulated response of the muon monitors in electrons pot with earth magnetic field and a 1mm horizontal displacement of target vs hornreflectorThe asymmetry is perfectly reproducedThe absolute comparison of simulation and muon pit data is within 5 in 1st pit
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2nd pit
In the 2nd pit there is a 20 underestimation in neutrino mode
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
works 1 hornreflector coolingbull Leak in water outlet of cooling circuit of
reflector after 4105 pulses (Oct 06) Design fault in ceramic insulator brazing
Repair and exchange possiblendash Replace brazed connections by
connections under pressurendash Detailed dose planning tooling and
trainingndash Additional local shielding
total integrated dose 16mSv
new
old
All horn and reflector outlets exchanged
Water inlet circuits installation of a more reliable solution to prevent future problems
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
works 2 reflector striplinesAug 2007 Cracks in busbar flexible connection of reflector
New design during shutdown 200708 for horn and reflector
old
new
bull Old design twisted cables
bull New design continuous plates clamped
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Works 3radiation issues CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
Large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
bullDuring CNGS run 2007 after 79middot1017 pot ndashFailure of ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to
radiation effects in the control electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)
Temperature Probes
Ventilation Units
Target Chamber
ServiceGallery
Proton Beam Line
ElectronicsRacks
2007 layout
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Radiation issues solved
Modifications during shutdown 200708 move as much electronics as possible out of CNGS tunnel areaCreate radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year
200607
2008 lt 106 hcm2yr
107 109 hcm2yr
Simulated shielding attenuation factors between 103 and 106
forbullAbsorbed dosebull1-MeV equivalent neutronsbullHigh energy hadrons
Dose monitors in electronics areasNo counts above the background coming from activated air
for comparison h gt20MeV fromcosmic rays at sea level asymp 105 cm2y
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Layout Modifications 2008
TT41
TSG41
TCC4
TSG4
TCC4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Concrete concrete bricks movable plugs
TSG4 mobile plug in TCV4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Plans for CNGS 2008
bull Startup 18 June 2008bull First month gradual intensity increase up to bull maximum intensity 4middot1013 potcycle REACHED bull June-November 122 daysbull 80 efficiencyhelliphellipbull Super-Cycle contains 3 CNGS cycles
ndash Day SC 48s long ndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s) 1
MD (6s)ndash Night amp WE 42s longndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s)ndash Night amp WE 336s long until LHC needs beam on a regular
basisndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s)
PLANNED FOR 2008 23 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2008 beam monitoring pit 1 central detector response vs time
026
027
028
029
03
031
032
033
034
035
036
037
038
188 0726 188 0838 188 0950 188 1102 188 1214 188 1326 188 1438 188 1550 188 1702 188 1814
date
ch
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
5E+12
1E+13
15E+13
2E+13
25E+13
3E+13
35E+13
4E+13
45E+13
5E+13
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
Central Muon Detector Pit-1Protons on Targetchargepot
stable
potextractionmax reached
beam size instabilitydetected in -pit
10
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
00E+00
50E+17
10E+18
15E+18
20E+18
25E+18
30E+18
35E+18
40E+18
45E+18
50E+18
55E+18
60E+18
186 226 266 306 47 87 127 167 207 247 287 18 58 98 138 178 218 258 298 29
date
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange ampseptum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
Horn water filter exchangeHadron stop sump emptying
CNGS Total Integrated Protons on Target 2008
02-Sep-2008 057 1019 pot
Efficiency was lower than expected asymp 40
New 2008 estimate 17 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Conclusions
bull All CNGS modifications were successfulbull The facility is running smoothly bull An intensity of 4 1013 pot per cycle has been
reached bull Up to 24-8-2008 OPERA saw 399 events in bricks
consistent with expectations (see OPERA talk)bull The efficiency of the accelerator system was lower
than expected lowering the foreseen total intensity to 17 1019 pots for 2008
bull However efficiency went back to 75 in the last weeks
in 2009 4 CNGS cycles per super-cycle still to be discussedhellip
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
end
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Backupslides
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 10 Gry
bull TCV4 lt 100 mGry
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
bull 1 MeV n-equiv fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 ncm2
bull TCV4 lt 109 ncm2
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
High-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 hcm2
bull TCV4 lt 108 ncm2
F 104
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Expected Radiation Levels
Absorbed dose
Neutron fluence (1-MeV equiv)
Energetic hadrons
(gt20 MeV) fluence
[Gyy] [cm2y] [cm2y]
TSG4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 10 109 1010 107 109
Shielding attenuation factor 106 106 104
Expected levels ndash 2008 10-6 10-
5
103 104 103 105
TCV4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 100 1010 1012 108 1011
Shielding attenuation factor 103 104 103
Expected levels - 2008 10-3 10-
1
106 108 105 108
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Horizontal target scan- Data taken from Ionization Chambers (IC) mounted outside the shielding Also very sensitive backup for TBID
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
The Polarity asymmetry
During commissioningObserved asymmetry betweenNeutrino (focusing of positive mesons)AndAnti-neutrino (focusing of negative mesons)
The asymmetry is clearly visible in the horizontal direction
There is a (smaller) asymmetry also in the vertical direction
NOTE thatThe secondary beam has been aligned so to have CENTERED muon distributions in the NEUTRINO mode
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
The solutionbull Possible explaination the Earth magnetic fieldbull If we assume a simple offset-dipole field and calculate the B
components in the CNGS reference systemndash Z along the beam pointing to GranSassondash X in the horizontal direction pointing left when looking towards
LNGSndash Y almost vertical pointing up
we havebull Bx = 0159 Gauss = 159 10-5 Tbull By = -0421 Gauss = -421 10-5 Tbull Bz = -0113 Gauss = -113 10-5 T
On a 1 km path this field gives a deviation of a few tens of centimeters (dep on energy) deflectingPositive particles to the left and upNegative particles to the right and down
Attenuation in the Decay Tube Stainless Steel has been evaluatedAttenuation of transverse field 239Attenuation of parallel field 111
What about shielding by Stainless Steel
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
The solution confirmedSimulated response of the muon monitors in electrons pot with earth magnetic field and a 1mm horizontal displacement of target vs hornreflectorThe asymmetry is perfectly reproducedThe absolute comparison of simulation and muon pit data is within 5 in 1st pit
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2nd pit
In the 2nd pit there is a 20 underestimation in neutrino mode
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
works 1 hornreflector coolingbull Leak in water outlet of cooling circuit of
reflector after 4105 pulses (Oct 06) Design fault in ceramic insulator brazing
Repair and exchange possiblendash Replace brazed connections by
connections under pressurendash Detailed dose planning tooling and
trainingndash Additional local shielding
total integrated dose 16mSv
new
old
All horn and reflector outlets exchanged
Water inlet circuits installation of a more reliable solution to prevent future problems
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
works 2 reflector striplinesAug 2007 Cracks in busbar flexible connection of reflector
New design during shutdown 200708 for horn and reflector
old
new
bull Old design twisted cables
bull New design continuous plates clamped
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Works 3radiation issues CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
Large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
bullDuring CNGS run 2007 after 79middot1017 pot ndashFailure of ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to
radiation effects in the control electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)
Temperature Probes
Ventilation Units
Target Chamber
ServiceGallery
Proton Beam Line
ElectronicsRacks
2007 layout
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Radiation issues solved
Modifications during shutdown 200708 move as much electronics as possible out of CNGS tunnel areaCreate radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year
200607
2008 lt 106 hcm2yr
107 109 hcm2yr
Simulated shielding attenuation factors between 103 and 106
forbullAbsorbed dosebull1-MeV equivalent neutronsbullHigh energy hadrons
Dose monitors in electronics areasNo counts above the background coming from activated air
for comparison h gt20MeV fromcosmic rays at sea level asymp 105 cm2y
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Layout Modifications 2008
TT41
TSG41
TCC4
TSG4
TCC4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Concrete concrete bricks movable plugs
TSG4 mobile plug in TCV4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Plans for CNGS 2008
bull Startup 18 June 2008bull First month gradual intensity increase up to bull maximum intensity 4middot1013 potcycle REACHED bull June-November 122 daysbull 80 efficiencyhelliphellipbull Super-Cycle contains 3 CNGS cycles
ndash Day SC 48s long ndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s) 1
MD (6s)ndash Night amp WE 42s longndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s)ndash Night amp WE 336s long until LHC needs beam on a regular
basisndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s)
PLANNED FOR 2008 23 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2008 beam monitoring pit 1 central detector response vs time
026
027
028
029
03
031
032
033
034
035
036
037
038
188 0726 188 0838 188 0950 188 1102 188 1214 188 1326 188 1438 188 1550 188 1702 188 1814
date
ch
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
5E+12
1E+13
15E+13
2E+13
25E+13
3E+13
35E+13
4E+13
45E+13
5E+13
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
Central Muon Detector Pit-1Protons on Targetchargepot
stable
potextractionmax reached
beam size instabilitydetected in -pit
10
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
00E+00
50E+17
10E+18
15E+18
20E+18
25E+18
30E+18
35E+18
40E+18
45E+18
50E+18
55E+18
60E+18
186 226 266 306 47 87 127 167 207 247 287 18 58 98 138 178 218 258 298 29
date
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange ampseptum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
Horn water filter exchangeHadron stop sump emptying
CNGS Total Integrated Protons on Target 2008
02-Sep-2008 057 1019 pot
Efficiency was lower than expected asymp 40
New 2008 estimate 17 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Conclusions
bull All CNGS modifications were successfulbull The facility is running smoothly bull An intensity of 4 1013 pot per cycle has been
reached bull Up to 24-8-2008 OPERA saw 399 events in bricks
consistent with expectations (see OPERA talk)bull The efficiency of the accelerator system was lower
than expected lowering the foreseen total intensity to 17 1019 pots for 2008
bull However efficiency went back to 75 in the last weeks
in 2009 4 CNGS cycles per super-cycle still to be discussedhellip
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
end
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Backupslides
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 10 Gry
bull TCV4 lt 100 mGry
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
bull 1 MeV n-equiv fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 ncm2
bull TCV4 lt 109 ncm2
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
High-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 hcm2
bull TCV4 lt 108 ncm2
F 104
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Expected Radiation Levels
Absorbed dose
Neutron fluence (1-MeV equiv)
Energetic hadrons
(gt20 MeV) fluence
[Gyy] [cm2y] [cm2y]
TSG4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 10 109 1010 107 109
Shielding attenuation factor 106 106 104
Expected levels ndash 2008 10-6 10-
5
103 104 103 105
TCV4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 100 1010 1012 108 1011
Shielding attenuation factor 103 104 103
Expected levels - 2008 10-3 10-
1
106 108 105 108
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Horizontal target scan- Data taken from Ionization Chambers (IC) mounted outside the shielding Also very sensitive backup for TBID
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
The solutionbull Possible explaination the Earth magnetic fieldbull If we assume a simple offset-dipole field and calculate the B
components in the CNGS reference systemndash Z along the beam pointing to GranSassondash X in the horizontal direction pointing left when looking towards
LNGSndash Y almost vertical pointing up
we havebull Bx = 0159 Gauss = 159 10-5 Tbull By = -0421 Gauss = -421 10-5 Tbull Bz = -0113 Gauss = -113 10-5 T
On a 1 km path this field gives a deviation of a few tens of centimeters (dep on energy) deflectingPositive particles to the left and upNegative particles to the right and down
Attenuation in the Decay Tube Stainless Steel has been evaluatedAttenuation of transverse field 239Attenuation of parallel field 111
What about shielding by Stainless Steel
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
The solution confirmedSimulated response of the muon monitors in electrons pot with earth magnetic field and a 1mm horizontal displacement of target vs hornreflectorThe asymmetry is perfectly reproducedThe absolute comparison of simulation and muon pit data is within 5 in 1st pit
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2nd pit
In the 2nd pit there is a 20 underestimation in neutrino mode
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
works 1 hornreflector coolingbull Leak in water outlet of cooling circuit of
reflector after 4105 pulses (Oct 06) Design fault in ceramic insulator brazing
Repair and exchange possiblendash Replace brazed connections by
connections under pressurendash Detailed dose planning tooling and
trainingndash Additional local shielding
total integrated dose 16mSv
new
old
All horn and reflector outlets exchanged
Water inlet circuits installation of a more reliable solution to prevent future problems
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
works 2 reflector striplinesAug 2007 Cracks in busbar flexible connection of reflector
New design during shutdown 200708 for horn and reflector
old
new
bull Old design twisted cables
bull New design continuous plates clamped
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Works 3radiation issues CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
Large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
bullDuring CNGS run 2007 after 79middot1017 pot ndashFailure of ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to
radiation effects in the control electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)
Temperature Probes
Ventilation Units
Target Chamber
ServiceGallery
Proton Beam Line
ElectronicsRacks
2007 layout
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Radiation issues solved
Modifications during shutdown 200708 move as much electronics as possible out of CNGS tunnel areaCreate radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year
200607
2008 lt 106 hcm2yr
107 109 hcm2yr
Simulated shielding attenuation factors between 103 and 106
forbullAbsorbed dosebull1-MeV equivalent neutronsbullHigh energy hadrons
Dose monitors in electronics areasNo counts above the background coming from activated air
for comparison h gt20MeV fromcosmic rays at sea level asymp 105 cm2y
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Layout Modifications 2008
TT41
TSG41
TCC4
TSG4
TCC4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Concrete concrete bricks movable plugs
TSG4 mobile plug in TCV4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Plans for CNGS 2008
bull Startup 18 June 2008bull First month gradual intensity increase up to bull maximum intensity 4middot1013 potcycle REACHED bull June-November 122 daysbull 80 efficiencyhelliphellipbull Super-Cycle contains 3 CNGS cycles
ndash Day SC 48s long ndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s) 1
MD (6s)ndash Night amp WE 42s longndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s)ndash Night amp WE 336s long until LHC needs beam on a regular
basisndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s)
PLANNED FOR 2008 23 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2008 beam monitoring pit 1 central detector response vs time
026
027
028
029
03
031
032
033
034
035
036
037
038
188 0726 188 0838 188 0950 188 1102 188 1214 188 1326 188 1438 188 1550 188 1702 188 1814
date
ch
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
5E+12
1E+13
15E+13
2E+13
25E+13
3E+13
35E+13
4E+13
45E+13
5E+13
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
Central Muon Detector Pit-1Protons on Targetchargepot
stable
potextractionmax reached
beam size instabilitydetected in -pit
10
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
00E+00
50E+17
10E+18
15E+18
20E+18
25E+18
30E+18
35E+18
40E+18
45E+18
50E+18
55E+18
60E+18
186 226 266 306 47 87 127 167 207 247 287 18 58 98 138 178 218 258 298 29
date
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange ampseptum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
Horn water filter exchangeHadron stop sump emptying
CNGS Total Integrated Protons on Target 2008
02-Sep-2008 057 1019 pot
Efficiency was lower than expected asymp 40
New 2008 estimate 17 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Conclusions
bull All CNGS modifications were successfulbull The facility is running smoothly bull An intensity of 4 1013 pot per cycle has been
reached bull Up to 24-8-2008 OPERA saw 399 events in bricks
consistent with expectations (see OPERA talk)bull The efficiency of the accelerator system was lower
than expected lowering the foreseen total intensity to 17 1019 pots for 2008
bull However efficiency went back to 75 in the last weeks
in 2009 4 CNGS cycles per super-cycle still to be discussedhellip
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
end
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Backupslides
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 10 Gry
bull TCV4 lt 100 mGry
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
bull 1 MeV n-equiv fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 ncm2
bull TCV4 lt 109 ncm2
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
High-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 hcm2
bull TCV4 lt 108 ncm2
F 104
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Expected Radiation Levels
Absorbed dose
Neutron fluence (1-MeV equiv)
Energetic hadrons
(gt20 MeV) fluence
[Gyy] [cm2y] [cm2y]
TSG4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 10 109 1010 107 109
Shielding attenuation factor 106 106 104
Expected levels ndash 2008 10-6 10-
5
103 104 103 105
TCV4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 100 1010 1012 108 1011
Shielding attenuation factor 103 104 103
Expected levels - 2008 10-3 10-
1
106 108 105 108
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Horizontal target scan- Data taken from Ionization Chambers (IC) mounted outside the shielding Also very sensitive backup for TBID
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
The solution confirmedSimulated response of the muon monitors in electrons pot with earth magnetic field and a 1mm horizontal displacement of target vs hornreflectorThe asymmetry is perfectly reproducedThe absolute comparison of simulation and muon pit data is within 5 in 1st pit
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2nd pit
In the 2nd pit there is a 20 underestimation in neutrino mode
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
works 1 hornreflector coolingbull Leak in water outlet of cooling circuit of
reflector after 4105 pulses (Oct 06) Design fault in ceramic insulator brazing
Repair and exchange possiblendash Replace brazed connections by
connections under pressurendash Detailed dose planning tooling and
trainingndash Additional local shielding
total integrated dose 16mSv
new
old
All horn and reflector outlets exchanged
Water inlet circuits installation of a more reliable solution to prevent future problems
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
works 2 reflector striplinesAug 2007 Cracks in busbar flexible connection of reflector
New design during shutdown 200708 for horn and reflector
old
new
bull Old design twisted cables
bull New design continuous plates clamped
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Works 3radiation issues CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
Large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
bullDuring CNGS run 2007 after 79middot1017 pot ndashFailure of ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to
radiation effects in the control electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)
Temperature Probes
Ventilation Units
Target Chamber
ServiceGallery
Proton Beam Line
ElectronicsRacks
2007 layout
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Radiation issues solved
Modifications during shutdown 200708 move as much electronics as possible out of CNGS tunnel areaCreate radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year
200607
2008 lt 106 hcm2yr
107 109 hcm2yr
Simulated shielding attenuation factors between 103 and 106
forbullAbsorbed dosebull1-MeV equivalent neutronsbullHigh energy hadrons
Dose monitors in electronics areasNo counts above the background coming from activated air
for comparison h gt20MeV fromcosmic rays at sea level asymp 105 cm2y
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Layout Modifications 2008
TT41
TSG41
TCC4
TSG4
TCC4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Concrete concrete bricks movable plugs
TSG4 mobile plug in TCV4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Plans for CNGS 2008
bull Startup 18 June 2008bull First month gradual intensity increase up to bull maximum intensity 4middot1013 potcycle REACHED bull June-November 122 daysbull 80 efficiencyhelliphellipbull Super-Cycle contains 3 CNGS cycles
ndash Day SC 48s long ndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s) 1
MD (6s)ndash Night amp WE 42s longndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s)ndash Night amp WE 336s long until LHC needs beam on a regular
basisndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s)
PLANNED FOR 2008 23 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2008 beam monitoring pit 1 central detector response vs time
026
027
028
029
03
031
032
033
034
035
036
037
038
188 0726 188 0838 188 0950 188 1102 188 1214 188 1326 188 1438 188 1550 188 1702 188 1814
date
ch
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
5E+12
1E+13
15E+13
2E+13
25E+13
3E+13
35E+13
4E+13
45E+13
5E+13
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
Central Muon Detector Pit-1Protons on Targetchargepot
stable
potextractionmax reached
beam size instabilitydetected in -pit
10
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
00E+00
50E+17
10E+18
15E+18
20E+18
25E+18
30E+18
35E+18
40E+18
45E+18
50E+18
55E+18
60E+18
186 226 266 306 47 87 127 167 207 247 287 18 58 98 138 178 218 258 298 29
date
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange ampseptum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
Horn water filter exchangeHadron stop sump emptying
CNGS Total Integrated Protons on Target 2008
02-Sep-2008 057 1019 pot
Efficiency was lower than expected asymp 40
New 2008 estimate 17 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Conclusions
bull All CNGS modifications were successfulbull The facility is running smoothly bull An intensity of 4 1013 pot per cycle has been
reached bull Up to 24-8-2008 OPERA saw 399 events in bricks
consistent with expectations (see OPERA talk)bull The efficiency of the accelerator system was lower
than expected lowering the foreseen total intensity to 17 1019 pots for 2008
bull However efficiency went back to 75 in the last weeks
in 2009 4 CNGS cycles per super-cycle still to be discussedhellip
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
end
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Backupslides
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 10 Gry
bull TCV4 lt 100 mGry
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
bull 1 MeV n-equiv fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 ncm2
bull TCV4 lt 109 ncm2
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
High-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 hcm2
bull TCV4 lt 108 ncm2
F 104
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Expected Radiation Levels
Absorbed dose
Neutron fluence (1-MeV equiv)
Energetic hadrons
(gt20 MeV) fluence
[Gyy] [cm2y] [cm2y]
TSG4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 10 109 1010 107 109
Shielding attenuation factor 106 106 104
Expected levels ndash 2008 10-6 10-
5
103 104 103 105
TCV4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 100 1010 1012 108 1011
Shielding attenuation factor 103 104 103
Expected levels - 2008 10-3 10-
1
106 108 105 108
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Horizontal target scan- Data taken from Ionization Chambers (IC) mounted outside the shielding Also very sensitive backup for TBID
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2nd pit
In the 2nd pit there is a 20 underestimation in neutrino mode
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
works 1 hornreflector coolingbull Leak in water outlet of cooling circuit of
reflector after 4105 pulses (Oct 06) Design fault in ceramic insulator brazing
Repair and exchange possiblendash Replace brazed connections by
connections under pressurendash Detailed dose planning tooling and
trainingndash Additional local shielding
total integrated dose 16mSv
new
old
All horn and reflector outlets exchanged
Water inlet circuits installation of a more reliable solution to prevent future problems
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
works 2 reflector striplinesAug 2007 Cracks in busbar flexible connection of reflector
New design during shutdown 200708 for horn and reflector
old
new
bull Old design twisted cables
bull New design continuous plates clamped
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Works 3radiation issues CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
Large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
bullDuring CNGS run 2007 after 79middot1017 pot ndashFailure of ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to
radiation effects in the control electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)
Temperature Probes
Ventilation Units
Target Chamber
ServiceGallery
Proton Beam Line
ElectronicsRacks
2007 layout
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Radiation issues solved
Modifications during shutdown 200708 move as much electronics as possible out of CNGS tunnel areaCreate radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year
200607
2008 lt 106 hcm2yr
107 109 hcm2yr
Simulated shielding attenuation factors between 103 and 106
forbullAbsorbed dosebull1-MeV equivalent neutronsbullHigh energy hadrons
Dose monitors in electronics areasNo counts above the background coming from activated air
for comparison h gt20MeV fromcosmic rays at sea level asymp 105 cm2y
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Layout Modifications 2008
TT41
TSG41
TCC4
TSG4
TCC4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Concrete concrete bricks movable plugs
TSG4 mobile plug in TCV4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Plans for CNGS 2008
bull Startup 18 June 2008bull First month gradual intensity increase up to bull maximum intensity 4middot1013 potcycle REACHED bull June-November 122 daysbull 80 efficiencyhelliphellipbull Super-Cycle contains 3 CNGS cycles
ndash Day SC 48s long ndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s) 1
MD (6s)ndash Night amp WE 42s longndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s)ndash Night amp WE 336s long until LHC needs beam on a regular
basisndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s)
PLANNED FOR 2008 23 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2008 beam monitoring pit 1 central detector response vs time
026
027
028
029
03
031
032
033
034
035
036
037
038
188 0726 188 0838 188 0950 188 1102 188 1214 188 1326 188 1438 188 1550 188 1702 188 1814
date
ch
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
5E+12
1E+13
15E+13
2E+13
25E+13
3E+13
35E+13
4E+13
45E+13
5E+13
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
Central Muon Detector Pit-1Protons on Targetchargepot
stable
potextractionmax reached
beam size instabilitydetected in -pit
10
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
00E+00
50E+17
10E+18
15E+18
20E+18
25E+18
30E+18
35E+18
40E+18
45E+18
50E+18
55E+18
60E+18
186 226 266 306 47 87 127 167 207 247 287 18 58 98 138 178 218 258 298 29
date
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange ampseptum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
Horn water filter exchangeHadron stop sump emptying
CNGS Total Integrated Protons on Target 2008
02-Sep-2008 057 1019 pot
Efficiency was lower than expected asymp 40
New 2008 estimate 17 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Conclusions
bull All CNGS modifications were successfulbull The facility is running smoothly bull An intensity of 4 1013 pot per cycle has been
reached bull Up to 24-8-2008 OPERA saw 399 events in bricks
consistent with expectations (see OPERA talk)bull The efficiency of the accelerator system was lower
than expected lowering the foreseen total intensity to 17 1019 pots for 2008
bull However efficiency went back to 75 in the last weeks
in 2009 4 CNGS cycles per super-cycle still to be discussedhellip
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
end
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Backupslides
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 10 Gry
bull TCV4 lt 100 mGry
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
bull 1 MeV n-equiv fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 ncm2
bull TCV4 lt 109 ncm2
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
High-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 hcm2
bull TCV4 lt 108 ncm2
F 104
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Expected Radiation Levels
Absorbed dose
Neutron fluence (1-MeV equiv)
Energetic hadrons
(gt20 MeV) fluence
[Gyy] [cm2y] [cm2y]
TSG4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 10 109 1010 107 109
Shielding attenuation factor 106 106 104
Expected levels ndash 2008 10-6 10-
5
103 104 103 105
TCV4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 100 1010 1012 108 1011
Shielding attenuation factor 103 104 103
Expected levels - 2008 10-3 10-
1
106 108 105 108
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Horizontal target scan- Data taken from Ionization Chambers (IC) mounted outside the shielding Also very sensitive backup for TBID
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
works 1 hornreflector coolingbull Leak in water outlet of cooling circuit of
reflector after 4105 pulses (Oct 06) Design fault in ceramic insulator brazing
Repair and exchange possiblendash Replace brazed connections by
connections under pressurendash Detailed dose planning tooling and
trainingndash Additional local shielding
total integrated dose 16mSv
new
old
All horn and reflector outlets exchanged
Water inlet circuits installation of a more reliable solution to prevent future problems
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
works 2 reflector striplinesAug 2007 Cracks in busbar flexible connection of reflector
New design during shutdown 200708 for horn and reflector
old
new
bull Old design twisted cables
bull New design continuous plates clamped
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Works 3radiation issues CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
Large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
bullDuring CNGS run 2007 after 79middot1017 pot ndashFailure of ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to
radiation effects in the control electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)
Temperature Probes
Ventilation Units
Target Chamber
ServiceGallery
Proton Beam Line
ElectronicsRacks
2007 layout
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Radiation issues solved
Modifications during shutdown 200708 move as much electronics as possible out of CNGS tunnel areaCreate radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year
200607
2008 lt 106 hcm2yr
107 109 hcm2yr
Simulated shielding attenuation factors between 103 and 106
forbullAbsorbed dosebull1-MeV equivalent neutronsbullHigh energy hadrons
Dose monitors in electronics areasNo counts above the background coming from activated air
for comparison h gt20MeV fromcosmic rays at sea level asymp 105 cm2y
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Layout Modifications 2008
TT41
TSG41
TCC4
TSG4
TCC4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Concrete concrete bricks movable plugs
TSG4 mobile plug in TCV4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Plans for CNGS 2008
bull Startup 18 June 2008bull First month gradual intensity increase up to bull maximum intensity 4middot1013 potcycle REACHED bull June-November 122 daysbull 80 efficiencyhelliphellipbull Super-Cycle contains 3 CNGS cycles
ndash Day SC 48s long ndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s) 1
MD (6s)ndash Night amp WE 42s longndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s)ndash Night amp WE 336s long until LHC needs beam on a regular
basisndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s)
PLANNED FOR 2008 23 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2008 beam monitoring pit 1 central detector response vs time
026
027
028
029
03
031
032
033
034
035
036
037
038
188 0726 188 0838 188 0950 188 1102 188 1214 188 1326 188 1438 188 1550 188 1702 188 1814
date
ch
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
5E+12
1E+13
15E+13
2E+13
25E+13
3E+13
35E+13
4E+13
45E+13
5E+13
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
Central Muon Detector Pit-1Protons on Targetchargepot
stable
potextractionmax reached
beam size instabilitydetected in -pit
10
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
00E+00
50E+17
10E+18
15E+18
20E+18
25E+18
30E+18
35E+18
40E+18
45E+18
50E+18
55E+18
60E+18
186 226 266 306 47 87 127 167 207 247 287 18 58 98 138 178 218 258 298 29
date
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange ampseptum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
Horn water filter exchangeHadron stop sump emptying
CNGS Total Integrated Protons on Target 2008
02-Sep-2008 057 1019 pot
Efficiency was lower than expected asymp 40
New 2008 estimate 17 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Conclusions
bull All CNGS modifications were successfulbull The facility is running smoothly bull An intensity of 4 1013 pot per cycle has been
reached bull Up to 24-8-2008 OPERA saw 399 events in bricks
consistent with expectations (see OPERA talk)bull The efficiency of the accelerator system was lower
than expected lowering the foreseen total intensity to 17 1019 pots for 2008
bull However efficiency went back to 75 in the last weeks
in 2009 4 CNGS cycles per super-cycle still to be discussedhellip
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
end
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Backupslides
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 10 Gry
bull TCV4 lt 100 mGry
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
bull 1 MeV n-equiv fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 ncm2
bull TCV4 lt 109 ncm2
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
High-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 hcm2
bull TCV4 lt 108 ncm2
F 104
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Expected Radiation Levels
Absorbed dose
Neutron fluence (1-MeV equiv)
Energetic hadrons
(gt20 MeV) fluence
[Gyy] [cm2y] [cm2y]
TSG4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 10 109 1010 107 109
Shielding attenuation factor 106 106 104
Expected levels ndash 2008 10-6 10-
5
103 104 103 105
TCV4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 100 1010 1012 108 1011
Shielding attenuation factor 103 104 103
Expected levels - 2008 10-3 10-
1
106 108 105 108
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Horizontal target scan- Data taken from Ionization Chambers (IC) mounted outside the shielding Also very sensitive backup for TBID
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
works 2 reflector striplinesAug 2007 Cracks in busbar flexible connection of reflector
New design during shutdown 200708 for horn and reflector
old
new
bull Old design twisted cables
bull New design continuous plates clamped
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Works 3radiation issues CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
Large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
bullDuring CNGS run 2007 after 79middot1017 pot ndashFailure of ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to
radiation effects in the control electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)
Temperature Probes
Ventilation Units
Target Chamber
ServiceGallery
Proton Beam Line
ElectronicsRacks
2007 layout
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Radiation issues solved
Modifications during shutdown 200708 move as much electronics as possible out of CNGS tunnel areaCreate radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year
200607
2008 lt 106 hcm2yr
107 109 hcm2yr
Simulated shielding attenuation factors between 103 and 106
forbullAbsorbed dosebull1-MeV equivalent neutronsbullHigh energy hadrons
Dose monitors in electronics areasNo counts above the background coming from activated air
for comparison h gt20MeV fromcosmic rays at sea level asymp 105 cm2y
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Layout Modifications 2008
TT41
TSG41
TCC4
TSG4
TCC4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Concrete concrete bricks movable plugs
TSG4 mobile plug in TCV4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Plans for CNGS 2008
bull Startup 18 June 2008bull First month gradual intensity increase up to bull maximum intensity 4middot1013 potcycle REACHED bull June-November 122 daysbull 80 efficiencyhelliphellipbull Super-Cycle contains 3 CNGS cycles
ndash Day SC 48s long ndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s) 1
MD (6s)ndash Night amp WE 42s longndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s)ndash Night amp WE 336s long until LHC needs beam on a regular
basisndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s)
PLANNED FOR 2008 23 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2008 beam monitoring pit 1 central detector response vs time
026
027
028
029
03
031
032
033
034
035
036
037
038
188 0726 188 0838 188 0950 188 1102 188 1214 188 1326 188 1438 188 1550 188 1702 188 1814
date
ch
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
5E+12
1E+13
15E+13
2E+13
25E+13
3E+13
35E+13
4E+13
45E+13
5E+13
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
Central Muon Detector Pit-1Protons on Targetchargepot
stable
potextractionmax reached
beam size instabilitydetected in -pit
10
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
00E+00
50E+17
10E+18
15E+18
20E+18
25E+18
30E+18
35E+18
40E+18
45E+18
50E+18
55E+18
60E+18
186 226 266 306 47 87 127 167 207 247 287 18 58 98 138 178 218 258 298 29
date
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange ampseptum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
Horn water filter exchangeHadron stop sump emptying
CNGS Total Integrated Protons on Target 2008
02-Sep-2008 057 1019 pot
Efficiency was lower than expected asymp 40
New 2008 estimate 17 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Conclusions
bull All CNGS modifications were successfulbull The facility is running smoothly bull An intensity of 4 1013 pot per cycle has been
reached bull Up to 24-8-2008 OPERA saw 399 events in bricks
consistent with expectations (see OPERA talk)bull The efficiency of the accelerator system was lower
than expected lowering the foreseen total intensity to 17 1019 pots for 2008
bull However efficiency went back to 75 in the last weeks
in 2009 4 CNGS cycles per super-cycle still to be discussedhellip
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
end
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Backupslides
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 10 Gry
bull TCV4 lt 100 mGry
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
bull 1 MeV n-equiv fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 ncm2
bull TCV4 lt 109 ncm2
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
High-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 hcm2
bull TCV4 lt 108 ncm2
F 104
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Expected Radiation Levels
Absorbed dose
Neutron fluence (1-MeV equiv)
Energetic hadrons
(gt20 MeV) fluence
[Gyy] [cm2y] [cm2y]
TSG4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 10 109 1010 107 109
Shielding attenuation factor 106 106 104
Expected levels ndash 2008 10-6 10-
5
103 104 103 105
TCV4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 100 1010 1012 108 1011
Shielding attenuation factor 103 104 103
Expected levels - 2008 10-3 10-
1
106 108 105 108
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Horizontal target scan- Data taken from Ionization Chambers (IC) mounted outside the shielding Also very sensitive backup for TBID
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Works 3radiation issues CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
Large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
bullDuring CNGS run 2007 after 79middot1017 pot ndashFailure of ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to
radiation effects in the control electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)
Temperature Probes
Ventilation Units
Target Chamber
ServiceGallery
Proton Beam Line
ElectronicsRacks
2007 layout
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Radiation issues solved
Modifications during shutdown 200708 move as much electronics as possible out of CNGS tunnel areaCreate radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year
200607
2008 lt 106 hcm2yr
107 109 hcm2yr
Simulated shielding attenuation factors between 103 and 106
forbullAbsorbed dosebull1-MeV equivalent neutronsbullHigh energy hadrons
Dose monitors in electronics areasNo counts above the background coming from activated air
for comparison h gt20MeV fromcosmic rays at sea level asymp 105 cm2y
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Layout Modifications 2008
TT41
TSG41
TCC4
TSG4
TCC4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Concrete concrete bricks movable plugs
TSG4 mobile plug in TCV4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Plans for CNGS 2008
bull Startup 18 June 2008bull First month gradual intensity increase up to bull maximum intensity 4middot1013 potcycle REACHED bull June-November 122 daysbull 80 efficiencyhelliphellipbull Super-Cycle contains 3 CNGS cycles
ndash Day SC 48s long ndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s) 1
MD (6s)ndash Night amp WE 42s longndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s)ndash Night amp WE 336s long until LHC needs beam on a regular
basisndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s)
PLANNED FOR 2008 23 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2008 beam monitoring pit 1 central detector response vs time
026
027
028
029
03
031
032
033
034
035
036
037
038
188 0726 188 0838 188 0950 188 1102 188 1214 188 1326 188 1438 188 1550 188 1702 188 1814
date
ch
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
5E+12
1E+13
15E+13
2E+13
25E+13
3E+13
35E+13
4E+13
45E+13
5E+13
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
Central Muon Detector Pit-1Protons on Targetchargepot
stable
potextractionmax reached
beam size instabilitydetected in -pit
10
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
00E+00
50E+17
10E+18
15E+18
20E+18
25E+18
30E+18
35E+18
40E+18
45E+18
50E+18
55E+18
60E+18
186 226 266 306 47 87 127 167 207 247 287 18 58 98 138 178 218 258 298 29
date
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange ampseptum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
Horn water filter exchangeHadron stop sump emptying
CNGS Total Integrated Protons on Target 2008
02-Sep-2008 057 1019 pot
Efficiency was lower than expected asymp 40
New 2008 estimate 17 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Conclusions
bull All CNGS modifications were successfulbull The facility is running smoothly bull An intensity of 4 1013 pot per cycle has been
reached bull Up to 24-8-2008 OPERA saw 399 events in bricks
consistent with expectations (see OPERA talk)bull The efficiency of the accelerator system was lower
than expected lowering the foreseen total intensity to 17 1019 pots for 2008
bull However efficiency went back to 75 in the last weeks
in 2009 4 CNGS cycles per super-cycle still to be discussedhellip
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
end
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Backupslides
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 10 Gry
bull TCV4 lt 100 mGry
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
bull 1 MeV n-equiv fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 ncm2
bull TCV4 lt 109 ncm2
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
High-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 hcm2
bull TCV4 lt 108 ncm2
F 104
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Expected Radiation Levels
Absorbed dose
Neutron fluence (1-MeV equiv)
Energetic hadrons
(gt20 MeV) fluence
[Gyy] [cm2y] [cm2y]
TSG4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 10 109 1010 107 109
Shielding attenuation factor 106 106 104
Expected levels ndash 2008 10-6 10-
5
103 104 103 105
TCV4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 100 1010 1012 108 1011
Shielding attenuation factor 103 104 103
Expected levels - 2008 10-3 10-
1
106 108 105 108
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Horizontal target scan- Data taken from Ionization Chambers (IC) mounted outside the shielding Also very sensitive backup for TBID
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Radiation issues solved
Modifications during shutdown 200708 move as much electronics as possible out of CNGS tunnel areaCreate radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year
200607
2008 lt 106 hcm2yr
107 109 hcm2yr
Simulated shielding attenuation factors between 103 and 106
forbullAbsorbed dosebull1-MeV equivalent neutronsbullHigh energy hadrons
Dose monitors in electronics areasNo counts above the background coming from activated air
for comparison h gt20MeV fromcosmic rays at sea level asymp 105 cm2y
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Layout Modifications 2008
TT41
TSG41
TCC4
TSG4
TCC4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Concrete concrete bricks movable plugs
TSG4 mobile plug in TCV4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Plans for CNGS 2008
bull Startup 18 June 2008bull First month gradual intensity increase up to bull maximum intensity 4middot1013 potcycle REACHED bull June-November 122 daysbull 80 efficiencyhelliphellipbull Super-Cycle contains 3 CNGS cycles
ndash Day SC 48s long ndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s) 1
MD (6s)ndash Night amp WE 42s longndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s)ndash Night amp WE 336s long until LHC needs beam on a regular
basisndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s)
PLANNED FOR 2008 23 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2008 beam monitoring pit 1 central detector response vs time
026
027
028
029
03
031
032
033
034
035
036
037
038
188 0726 188 0838 188 0950 188 1102 188 1214 188 1326 188 1438 188 1550 188 1702 188 1814
date
ch
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
5E+12
1E+13
15E+13
2E+13
25E+13
3E+13
35E+13
4E+13
45E+13
5E+13
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
Central Muon Detector Pit-1Protons on Targetchargepot
stable
potextractionmax reached
beam size instabilitydetected in -pit
10
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
00E+00
50E+17
10E+18
15E+18
20E+18
25E+18
30E+18
35E+18
40E+18
45E+18
50E+18
55E+18
60E+18
186 226 266 306 47 87 127 167 207 247 287 18 58 98 138 178 218 258 298 29
date
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange ampseptum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
Horn water filter exchangeHadron stop sump emptying
CNGS Total Integrated Protons on Target 2008
02-Sep-2008 057 1019 pot
Efficiency was lower than expected asymp 40
New 2008 estimate 17 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Conclusions
bull All CNGS modifications were successfulbull The facility is running smoothly bull An intensity of 4 1013 pot per cycle has been
reached bull Up to 24-8-2008 OPERA saw 399 events in bricks
consistent with expectations (see OPERA talk)bull The efficiency of the accelerator system was lower
than expected lowering the foreseen total intensity to 17 1019 pots for 2008
bull However efficiency went back to 75 in the last weeks
in 2009 4 CNGS cycles per super-cycle still to be discussedhellip
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
end
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Backupslides
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 10 Gry
bull TCV4 lt 100 mGry
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
bull 1 MeV n-equiv fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 ncm2
bull TCV4 lt 109 ncm2
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
High-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 hcm2
bull TCV4 lt 108 ncm2
F 104
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Expected Radiation Levels
Absorbed dose
Neutron fluence (1-MeV equiv)
Energetic hadrons
(gt20 MeV) fluence
[Gyy] [cm2y] [cm2y]
TSG4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 10 109 1010 107 109
Shielding attenuation factor 106 106 104
Expected levels ndash 2008 10-6 10-
5
103 104 103 105
TCV4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 100 1010 1012 108 1011
Shielding attenuation factor 103 104 103
Expected levels - 2008 10-3 10-
1
106 108 105 108
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Horizontal target scan- Data taken from Ionization Chambers (IC) mounted outside the shielding Also very sensitive backup for TBID
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Layout Modifications 2008
TT41
TSG41
TCC4
TSG4
TCC4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Concrete concrete bricks movable plugs
TSG4 mobile plug in TCV4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Plans for CNGS 2008
bull Startup 18 June 2008bull First month gradual intensity increase up to bull maximum intensity 4middot1013 potcycle REACHED bull June-November 122 daysbull 80 efficiencyhelliphellipbull Super-Cycle contains 3 CNGS cycles
ndash Day SC 48s long ndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s) 1
MD (6s)ndash Night amp WE 42s longndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s)ndash Night amp WE 336s long until LHC needs beam on a regular
basisndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s)
PLANNED FOR 2008 23 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2008 beam monitoring pit 1 central detector response vs time
026
027
028
029
03
031
032
033
034
035
036
037
038
188 0726 188 0838 188 0950 188 1102 188 1214 188 1326 188 1438 188 1550 188 1702 188 1814
date
ch
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
5E+12
1E+13
15E+13
2E+13
25E+13
3E+13
35E+13
4E+13
45E+13
5E+13
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
Central Muon Detector Pit-1Protons on Targetchargepot
stable
potextractionmax reached
beam size instabilitydetected in -pit
10
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
00E+00
50E+17
10E+18
15E+18
20E+18
25E+18
30E+18
35E+18
40E+18
45E+18
50E+18
55E+18
60E+18
186 226 266 306 47 87 127 167 207 247 287 18 58 98 138 178 218 258 298 29
date
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange ampseptum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
Horn water filter exchangeHadron stop sump emptying
CNGS Total Integrated Protons on Target 2008
02-Sep-2008 057 1019 pot
Efficiency was lower than expected asymp 40
New 2008 estimate 17 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Conclusions
bull All CNGS modifications were successfulbull The facility is running smoothly bull An intensity of 4 1013 pot per cycle has been
reached bull Up to 24-8-2008 OPERA saw 399 events in bricks
consistent with expectations (see OPERA talk)bull The efficiency of the accelerator system was lower
than expected lowering the foreseen total intensity to 17 1019 pots for 2008
bull However efficiency went back to 75 in the last weeks
in 2009 4 CNGS cycles per super-cycle still to be discussedhellip
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
end
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Backupslides
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 10 Gry
bull TCV4 lt 100 mGry
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
bull 1 MeV n-equiv fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 ncm2
bull TCV4 lt 109 ncm2
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
High-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 hcm2
bull TCV4 lt 108 ncm2
F 104
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Expected Radiation Levels
Absorbed dose
Neutron fluence (1-MeV equiv)
Energetic hadrons
(gt20 MeV) fluence
[Gyy] [cm2y] [cm2y]
TSG4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 10 109 1010 107 109
Shielding attenuation factor 106 106 104
Expected levels ndash 2008 10-6 10-
5
103 104 103 105
TCV4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 100 1010 1012 108 1011
Shielding attenuation factor 103 104 103
Expected levels - 2008 10-3 10-
1
106 108 105 108
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Horizontal target scan- Data taken from Ionization Chambers (IC) mounted outside the shielding Also very sensitive backup for TBID
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Concrete concrete bricks movable plugs
TSG4 mobile plug in TCV4
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Plans for CNGS 2008
bull Startup 18 June 2008bull First month gradual intensity increase up to bull maximum intensity 4middot1013 potcycle REACHED bull June-November 122 daysbull 80 efficiencyhelliphellipbull Super-Cycle contains 3 CNGS cycles
ndash Day SC 48s long ndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s) 1
MD (6s)ndash Night amp WE 42s longndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s)ndash Night amp WE 336s long until LHC needs beam on a regular
basisndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s)
PLANNED FOR 2008 23 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2008 beam monitoring pit 1 central detector response vs time
026
027
028
029
03
031
032
033
034
035
036
037
038
188 0726 188 0838 188 0950 188 1102 188 1214 188 1326 188 1438 188 1550 188 1702 188 1814
date
ch
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
5E+12
1E+13
15E+13
2E+13
25E+13
3E+13
35E+13
4E+13
45E+13
5E+13
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
Central Muon Detector Pit-1Protons on Targetchargepot
stable
potextractionmax reached
beam size instabilitydetected in -pit
10
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
00E+00
50E+17
10E+18
15E+18
20E+18
25E+18
30E+18
35E+18
40E+18
45E+18
50E+18
55E+18
60E+18
186 226 266 306 47 87 127 167 207 247 287 18 58 98 138 178 218 258 298 29
date
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange ampseptum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
Horn water filter exchangeHadron stop sump emptying
CNGS Total Integrated Protons on Target 2008
02-Sep-2008 057 1019 pot
Efficiency was lower than expected asymp 40
New 2008 estimate 17 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Conclusions
bull All CNGS modifications were successfulbull The facility is running smoothly bull An intensity of 4 1013 pot per cycle has been
reached bull Up to 24-8-2008 OPERA saw 399 events in bricks
consistent with expectations (see OPERA talk)bull The efficiency of the accelerator system was lower
than expected lowering the foreseen total intensity to 17 1019 pots for 2008
bull However efficiency went back to 75 in the last weeks
in 2009 4 CNGS cycles per super-cycle still to be discussedhellip
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
end
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Backupslides
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 10 Gry
bull TCV4 lt 100 mGry
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
bull 1 MeV n-equiv fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 ncm2
bull TCV4 lt 109 ncm2
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
High-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 hcm2
bull TCV4 lt 108 ncm2
F 104
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Expected Radiation Levels
Absorbed dose
Neutron fluence (1-MeV equiv)
Energetic hadrons
(gt20 MeV) fluence
[Gyy] [cm2y] [cm2y]
TSG4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 10 109 1010 107 109
Shielding attenuation factor 106 106 104
Expected levels ndash 2008 10-6 10-
5
103 104 103 105
TCV4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 100 1010 1012 108 1011
Shielding attenuation factor 103 104 103
Expected levels - 2008 10-3 10-
1
106 108 105 108
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Horizontal target scan- Data taken from Ionization Chambers (IC) mounted outside the shielding Also very sensitive backup for TBID
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Plans for CNGS 2008
bull Startup 18 June 2008bull First month gradual intensity increase up to bull maximum intensity 4middot1013 potcycle REACHED bull June-November 122 daysbull 80 efficiencyhelliphellipbull Super-Cycle contains 3 CNGS cycles
ndash Day SC 48s long ndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s) 1
MD (6s)ndash Night amp WE 42s longndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s) 1 LHC pilot (84s)ndash Night amp WE 336s long until LHC needs beam on a regular
basisndash 1 long FT (156s) 3 CNGS(18s)
PLANNED FOR 2008 23 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2008 beam monitoring pit 1 central detector response vs time
026
027
028
029
03
031
032
033
034
035
036
037
038
188 0726 188 0838 188 0950 188 1102 188 1214 188 1326 188 1438 188 1550 188 1702 188 1814
date
ch
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
5E+12
1E+13
15E+13
2E+13
25E+13
3E+13
35E+13
4E+13
45E+13
5E+13
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
Central Muon Detector Pit-1Protons on Targetchargepot
stable
potextractionmax reached
beam size instabilitydetected in -pit
10
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
00E+00
50E+17
10E+18
15E+18
20E+18
25E+18
30E+18
35E+18
40E+18
45E+18
50E+18
55E+18
60E+18
186 226 266 306 47 87 127 167 207 247 287 18 58 98 138 178 218 258 298 29
date
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange ampseptum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
Horn water filter exchangeHadron stop sump emptying
CNGS Total Integrated Protons on Target 2008
02-Sep-2008 057 1019 pot
Efficiency was lower than expected asymp 40
New 2008 estimate 17 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Conclusions
bull All CNGS modifications were successfulbull The facility is running smoothly bull An intensity of 4 1013 pot per cycle has been
reached bull Up to 24-8-2008 OPERA saw 399 events in bricks
consistent with expectations (see OPERA talk)bull The efficiency of the accelerator system was lower
than expected lowering the foreseen total intensity to 17 1019 pots for 2008
bull However efficiency went back to 75 in the last weeks
in 2009 4 CNGS cycles per super-cycle still to be discussedhellip
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
end
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Backupslides
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 10 Gry
bull TCV4 lt 100 mGry
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
bull 1 MeV n-equiv fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 ncm2
bull TCV4 lt 109 ncm2
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
High-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 hcm2
bull TCV4 lt 108 ncm2
F 104
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Expected Radiation Levels
Absorbed dose
Neutron fluence (1-MeV equiv)
Energetic hadrons
(gt20 MeV) fluence
[Gyy] [cm2y] [cm2y]
TSG4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 10 109 1010 107 109
Shielding attenuation factor 106 106 104
Expected levels ndash 2008 10-6 10-
5
103 104 103 105
TCV4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 100 1010 1012 108 1011
Shielding attenuation factor 103 104 103
Expected levels - 2008 10-3 10-
1
106 108 105 108
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Horizontal target scan- Data taken from Ionization Chambers (IC) mounted outside the shielding Also very sensitive backup for TBID
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
2008 beam monitoring pit 1 central detector response vs time
026
027
028
029
03
031
032
033
034
035
036
037
038
188 0726 188 0838 188 0950 188 1102 188 1214 188 1326 188 1438 188 1550 188 1702 188 1814
date
ch
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
5E+12
1E+13
15E+13
2E+13
25E+13
3E+13
35E+13
4E+13
45E+13
5E+13
po
te
xtr
ac
tio
n
Central Muon Detector Pit-1Protons on Targetchargepot
stable
potextractionmax reached
beam size instabilitydetected in -pit
10
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
00E+00
50E+17
10E+18
15E+18
20E+18
25E+18
30E+18
35E+18
40E+18
45E+18
50E+18
55E+18
60E+18
186 226 266 306 47 87 127 167 207 247 287 18 58 98 138 178 218 258 298 29
date
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange ampseptum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
Horn water filter exchangeHadron stop sump emptying
CNGS Total Integrated Protons on Target 2008
02-Sep-2008 057 1019 pot
Efficiency was lower than expected asymp 40
New 2008 estimate 17 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Conclusions
bull All CNGS modifications were successfulbull The facility is running smoothly bull An intensity of 4 1013 pot per cycle has been
reached bull Up to 24-8-2008 OPERA saw 399 events in bricks
consistent with expectations (see OPERA talk)bull The efficiency of the accelerator system was lower
than expected lowering the foreseen total intensity to 17 1019 pots for 2008
bull However efficiency went back to 75 in the last weeks
in 2009 4 CNGS cycles per super-cycle still to be discussedhellip
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
end
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Backupslides
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 10 Gry
bull TCV4 lt 100 mGry
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
bull 1 MeV n-equiv fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 ncm2
bull TCV4 lt 109 ncm2
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
High-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 hcm2
bull TCV4 lt 108 ncm2
F 104
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Expected Radiation Levels
Absorbed dose
Neutron fluence (1-MeV equiv)
Energetic hadrons
(gt20 MeV) fluence
[Gyy] [cm2y] [cm2y]
TSG4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 10 109 1010 107 109
Shielding attenuation factor 106 106 104
Expected levels ndash 2008 10-6 10-
5
103 104 103 105
TCV4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 100 1010 1012 108 1011
Shielding attenuation factor 103 104 103
Expected levels - 2008 10-3 10-
1
106 108 105 108
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Horizontal target scan- Data taken from Ionization Chambers (IC) mounted outside the shielding Also very sensitive backup for TBID
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
00E+00
50E+17
10E+18
15E+18
20E+18
25E+18
30E+18
35E+18
40E+18
45E+18
50E+18
55E+18
60E+18
186 226 266 306 47 87 127 167 207 247 287 18 58 98 138 178 218 258 298 29
date
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange ampseptum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
Horn water filter exchangeHadron stop sump emptying
CNGS Total Integrated Protons on Target 2008
02-Sep-2008 057 1019 pot
Efficiency was lower than expected asymp 40
New 2008 estimate 17 1019 pot
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Conclusions
bull All CNGS modifications were successfulbull The facility is running smoothly bull An intensity of 4 1013 pot per cycle has been
reached bull Up to 24-8-2008 OPERA saw 399 events in bricks
consistent with expectations (see OPERA talk)bull The efficiency of the accelerator system was lower
than expected lowering the foreseen total intensity to 17 1019 pots for 2008
bull However efficiency went back to 75 in the last weeks
in 2009 4 CNGS cycles per super-cycle still to be discussedhellip
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
end
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Backupslides
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 10 Gry
bull TCV4 lt 100 mGry
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
bull 1 MeV n-equiv fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 ncm2
bull TCV4 lt 109 ncm2
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
High-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 hcm2
bull TCV4 lt 108 ncm2
F 104
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Expected Radiation Levels
Absorbed dose
Neutron fluence (1-MeV equiv)
Energetic hadrons
(gt20 MeV) fluence
[Gyy] [cm2y] [cm2y]
TSG4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 10 109 1010 107 109
Shielding attenuation factor 106 106 104
Expected levels ndash 2008 10-6 10-
5
103 104 103 105
TCV4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 100 1010 1012 108 1011
Shielding attenuation factor 103 104 103
Expected levels - 2008 10-3 10-
1
106 108 105 108
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Horizontal target scan- Data taken from Ionization Chambers (IC) mounted outside the shielding Also very sensitive backup for TBID
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Conclusions
bull All CNGS modifications were successfulbull The facility is running smoothly bull An intensity of 4 1013 pot per cycle has been
reached bull Up to 24-8-2008 OPERA saw 399 events in bricks
consistent with expectations (see OPERA talk)bull The efficiency of the accelerator system was lower
than expected lowering the foreseen total intensity to 17 1019 pots for 2008
bull However efficiency went back to 75 in the last weeks
in 2009 4 CNGS cycles per super-cycle still to be discussedhellip
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
end
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Backupslides
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 10 Gry
bull TCV4 lt 100 mGry
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
bull 1 MeV n-equiv fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 ncm2
bull TCV4 lt 109 ncm2
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
High-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 hcm2
bull TCV4 lt 108 ncm2
F 104
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Expected Radiation Levels
Absorbed dose
Neutron fluence (1-MeV equiv)
Energetic hadrons
(gt20 MeV) fluence
[Gyy] [cm2y] [cm2y]
TSG4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 10 109 1010 107 109
Shielding attenuation factor 106 106 104
Expected levels ndash 2008 10-6 10-
5
103 104 103 105
TCV4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 100 1010 1012 108 1011
Shielding attenuation factor 103 104 103
Expected levels - 2008 10-3 10-
1
106 108 105 108
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Horizontal target scan- Data taken from Ionization Chambers (IC) mounted outside the shielding Also very sensitive backup for TBID
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
end
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Backupslides
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 10 Gry
bull TCV4 lt 100 mGry
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
bull 1 MeV n-equiv fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 ncm2
bull TCV4 lt 109 ncm2
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
High-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 hcm2
bull TCV4 lt 108 ncm2
F 104
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Expected Radiation Levels
Absorbed dose
Neutron fluence (1-MeV equiv)
Energetic hadrons
(gt20 MeV) fluence
[Gyy] [cm2y] [cm2y]
TSG4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 10 109 1010 107 109
Shielding attenuation factor 106 106 104
Expected levels ndash 2008 10-6 10-
5
103 104 103 105
TCV4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 100 1010 1012 108 1011
Shielding attenuation factor 103 104 103
Expected levels - 2008 10-3 10-
1
106 108 105 108
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Horizontal target scan- Data taken from Ionization Chambers (IC) mounted outside the shielding Also very sensitive backup for TBID
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Backupslides
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 10 Gry
bull TCV4 lt 100 mGry
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
bull 1 MeV n-equiv fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 ncm2
bull TCV4 lt 109 ncm2
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
High-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 hcm2
bull TCV4 lt 108 ncm2
F 104
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Expected Radiation Levels
Absorbed dose
Neutron fluence (1-MeV equiv)
Energetic hadrons
(gt20 MeV) fluence
[Gyy] [cm2y] [cm2y]
TSG4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 10 109 1010 107 109
Shielding attenuation factor 106 106 104
Expected levels ndash 2008 10-6 10-
5
103 104 103 105
TCV4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 100 1010 1012 108 1011
Shielding attenuation factor 103 104 103
Expected levels - 2008 10-3 10-
1
106 108 105 108
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Horizontal target scan- Data taken from Ionization Chambers (IC) mounted outside the shielding Also very sensitive backup for TBID
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 10 Gry
bull TCV4 lt 100 mGry
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
bull 1 MeV n-equiv fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 ncm2
bull TCV4 lt 109 ncm2
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
High-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 hcm2
bull TCV4 lt 108 ncm2
F 104
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Expected Radiation Levels
Absorbed dose
Neutron fluence (1-MeV equiv)
Energetic hadrons
(gt20 MeV) fluence
[Gyy] [cm2y] [cm2y]
TSG4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 10 109 1010 107 109
Shielding attenuation factor 106 106 104
Expected levels ndash 2008 10-6 10-
5
103 104 103 105
TCV4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 100 1010 1012 108 1011
Shielding attenuation factor 103 104 103
Expected levels - 2008 10-3 10-
1
106 108 105 108
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Horizontal target scan- Data taken from Ionization Chambers (IC) mounted outside the shielding Also very sensitive backup for TBID
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
bull 1 MeV n-equiv fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 ncm2
bull TCV4 lt 109 ncm2
F 106
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
High-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 hcm2
bull TCV4 lt 108 ncm2
F 104
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Expected Radiation Levels
Absorbed dose
Neutron fluence (1-MeV equiv)
Energetic hadrons
(gt20 MeV) fluence
[Gyy] [cm2y] [cm2y]
TSG4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 10 109 1010 107 109
Shielding attenuation factor 106 106 104
Expected levels ndash 2008 10-6 10-
5
103 104 103 105
TCV4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 100 1010 1012 108 1011
Shielding attenuation factor 103 104 103
Expected levels - 2008 10-3 10-
1
106 108 105 108
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Horizontal target scan- Data taken from Ionization Chambers (IC) mounted outside the shielding Also very sensitive backup for TBID
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
CNGS - FLUKA Simulation
High-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
bull Present situation (no shielding)
bull Situation in 2008 (with shielding)
bull TSG4 lt 106 hcm2
bull TCV4 lt 108 ncm2
F 104
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Expected Radiation Levels
Absorbed dose
Neutron fluence (1-MeV equiv)
Energetic hadrons
(gt20 MeV) fluence
[Gyy] [cm2y] [cm2y]
TSG4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 10 109 1010 107 109
Shielding attenuation factor 106 106 104
Expected levels ndash 2008 10-6 10-
5
103 104 103 105
TCV4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 100 1010 1012 108 1011
Shielding attenuation factor 103 104 103
Expected levels - 2008 10-3 10-
1
106 108 105 108
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Horizontal target scan- Data taken from Ionization Chambers (IC) mounted outside the shielding Also very sensitive backup for TBID
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Expected Radiation Levels
Absorbed dose
Neutron fluence (1-MeV equiv)
Energetic hadrons
(gt20 MeV) fluence
[Gyy] [cm2y] [cm2y]
TSG4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 10 109 1010 107 109
Shielding attenuation factor 106 106 104
Expected levels ndash 2008 10-6 10-
5
103 104 103 105
TCV4
2007 situation ndash no shielding 1 100 1010 1012 108 1011
Shielding attenuation factor 103 104 103
Expected levels - 2008 10-3 10-
1
106 108 105 108
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Horizontal target scan- Data taken from Ionization Chambers (IC) mounted outside the shielding Also very sensitive backup for TBID
now2008 Paola Sala for the CNGS SBWG
Horizontal target scan- Data taken from Ionization Chambers (IC) mounted outside the shielding Also very sensitive backup for TBID
