November/December 2012

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M e c h a n i c a l B u s i n e s s 1 2 . 1 2

60HVACIn order to pass aperformance audit and meetair handling specifications, theowners of MuseumHousedecided to invest in ductsealing, and took a novelapproach to the project.Denise Deveau

C O N T E N T ST A B L E O F

52COVER STORYA life-changing period in his 40s, facing a failingmarriage and failing health, was enough to showBrett Wilson that there was more to life thanworking long hours, seven days a week. Hesredefined his priorities, and hes doing betterthan ever. Adam Freill

On the cover: Entrepreneur and philanthropist Brett Wilson, who holds the record for the most deals signed by any of the Dragons onCBC's hit show Dragons' Den, has launched a book explaining whats truly important in his life. Photo: Heather Fritz Photography

54TRADE SHOW MEMORIESA roundup of the largestmechanicals trade show inWestern Canada.

Navigating VelocityDemand

30PUMPSIf a circulatorcant overcomethe systempressure head(loss) and frictionloss, the pumpwill not producethe desired flowrate or anyflow. Theimpeller willsimply spin inside the casing and produce heat, and thepump will eventually fail.Drew Wolf

KEEPING THEBTUS FLOWING

TACKLING leakage from within

24PIPE SIZINGThere are two keyfactors that influencethe calculation ofdomestic water pipesizing: velocity anddemand. Rainier Bratsch-Blundel

5M e c h a n i c a l B u s i n e s s 1 2 . 1 2

C O N T E N T ST A B L E O FM B S P E C I A L I S T S

20 HIGH PERFORMANCE HVAC Its tune-up time! Gord Cooke Unless theyve already been serviced this year, each of the roughly1.2 million HRVs and ERVs currently installed in Canadian homescould use a fall tune-up.

40 ASK ROGER Protecting your reputation, and your bottom line Roger Grochmal If someone does trash your company online, explore everyopportunity to respond and resolve the matter.

68 MARKETING Get more mileage out of your service vehicles Doug MacMillan Every single HVAC/R and plumbing contractor in Canada spendshours sitting in one of the most valuable marketing assets they have:their truck(s).

76 REFRIGERATION Troubleshooting commercial condensing units and evaporatorsystems Phil Boudreau In order to troubleshoot not-so-obvious issues in a commercialsplit-type refrigeration system, a technician must be aware of theintended application of the equipment.

80 HYDRONICS You can tune a boiler, but you cant tuna fish. Bob Hot Rod Rohr A startup and clean-and-check service before the snow flies is agood move, and is one that we should be encouraging all ourcustomers to do.

101WORLD VIEWFifty shades of greywater Jeff Patchell An exchange of innovative ideas, on-site experiences and bestpractices when it comes to managing and implementing gr eywatersystems is needed for the global industry to benefit.

D E P A R T M E N T S

06From the Editors Desk08News18Profile: Jim Thomas98The Info Page99Calendar102By the Numbers

P R O D U C T S

22,94HVAC/R74,90,96Plumbing82,89,92Hydronics97Stuff you need

CHECK US OUT ONLINE

F E A T U R E S

34HYDRONICSWhats the colour of your water? Eric Riml

38 LEGIONNAIRES DISEASEMinimizing theexposure riskAdam Freill

42COMMERCIALKITCHENSGetting into lesshot water Denise Deveau

46REFRIGERATIONRefrigerants andtheir usesAndrePatenaude

50FIND THE FIXJuggling revisions and future plans

64OIL HEATFiring up the burner Sean Hiscock

66ROAD WARRIORSNew EraPlumbing

70PLUMBINGIn search ofendless hotwater Matthew Reid

78TOOL TIPRotary Tools:Spinning roundand round

84HVACMaking the most of troubleshootingchartsCarol Fey

88BOILER PROTECTIONKeeping safe from low temperaturesDan Rettig

F R O M T H E E D I T O R S D E S K

Solving problems before they start

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Nov/Dec 2012 IssuePublished 6 times per year.

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6 M e c h a n i c a l B u s i n e s s 1 2 . 1 2

When it comes to ignoring the little warninglights on the dashboard, or pushing the limitsof time between regularly scheduledmaintenance appointments for myHVAC equipment Ill admit, Im guiltyof it, but I know Im not alone.

Unfortunately its easy to fall intothis habit its not that we arentgoing to get it done, but maybe wecan combine the currentappointment with the next one onthe schedule, when we are sure tohave more time right?

Ill tell you this much though, when youvehad a complete system failure happen becauseof something that would have been easily caughtduring an annual check-up, it really changes yourperspective about freeing up an hour or two, once or twice a year.

The challenge is illustrating this to customers before they have that critical failure thats the one where they are calling you on Christmas Eve, around 11 p.m., so thatyou can get their 40-year-old never-been-seen-by-a-contractor-other-than-the-original-installer boiler, furnace or water heater to re-fire for one last season.

Knowing that some of your customers do have the good sense to call you up beforelittle problems become big nightmares, weve amassed a collection of articles aimed athelping you keep those systems running smoothly, and efficiently.

So whether youre performing an annual cleaning of an HRV or ERV (see Gord Cookeon page 20), are testing the waters of a hydronic system (Eric Riml has some greatadvice on that on page 34), or are thinking about what refrigerant to recommend for a

commercial clients retrofit (weve got a pretty good list starting onpage 46) enjoy the issue, and we look forward to catching up with

you again in 2013.

Until next time,

Adam Freill, Editor

Oh, and to my HVAC service contractor, sorryfor not returning that last phone call, but hows

Saturday at 9 a.m. sound for the annual check-up?

Merry Christmas and Happy New Year!

From all of us at MechanicalBusiness, thank you for

another great year, and have a safe and happy holiday

season.

OUR SERVICE CALLS HAVE BEEN REDUCED BY 50%*SINCE SWITCHING TO GOODMAN BRAND GAS FURNACES

Mike MartinoIm a GOOD MANMartino Contractors Ltd.

MikeMartino

www.goodmanmfg.com

Goodman Distribution, Inc. Locations

N. Toronto905-760-2737

Ottawa613-745-3846

Bantford519-757-0965

W. Toronto905-606-2345

Laval450-681-2220

E. Toronto905-420-4001

Calgary403-250-6579

Montreal450-674-3883

Vancouver604 420-1331

Saskatoon306-651-7350

Edmonton780-443-3072

* Figure does not represent guaranteed results. Actual results dependent upon conditions beyond Goodman brand gas furnaces. Claim not veried by Goodman Manufacturing. Contact independent dealer for additional information.

London519-4 3-5 1200

BILD Trade Contractor of the Year 2010 and 2011

12.12

Newsw w w . m e c h a n i c a l b u s i n e s s . c o m

David Chilton(@wealthy_barber)

A negative trend of thelast ten years involvespeoples growingwillingness to cancelmeetings with littlenotice.

Oct. 18, 2012

Michael Harrison(@HBAMMichael)

Gord Cooke is a greatinstructor. He did a classfor us in MD last year ongreen home sales.

Oct. 23, 2012

CIPHEX West(@CIPHEXwest)

Check out the latest issue ofMechanical Business magazine lots of great coverage of#CIPHEXwest.

Oct. 25, 2012

Robbaz(@RobbazTube)

Oh no! I forgot to runfor President of theUnited States. Its nottoo late is it? If it is, justvote Mike Rowe. He canclean it up.

Nov. 5, 2012


Bringing colour to thebathroomKohler held its For the love of Colour andSound event at the Kohler Next GenerationShowroom at the Watermarks Kitchen & BathBoutique in Etobicoke, Ont., in November.The event featured a wide array of Kohlerproduct vignettes, as well as displays of theJonathan Adler colourful sink collection andthe companys new NUMI toilet, which isequipped with a motion-activated lid and seat,bidet function, illuminated panels, heatedseating and even a warming function at footlevel.

kohler.ca

Focus on tradesThe STARRT Campus of Mohawk College in StoneyCreek, Ont., held its first annual Skilled TradesExhibition in October. Between 400 and 500 students,including a number from the schools Women in theSkilled Trades program (visiting the Moen booth in thephoto), took in exhibits from more than 20 companiesrepresenting a wide variety of skilled trades sectors.

mohawkcollege.ca

Beckett celebrates its75thBeckett Corp. recentlycelebrated its 75thanniversary. The family-run company has grownfrom the basement of founder Reginald W.Becketts home in Elyria, Ohio, to multiplebusinesses and affiliates that employ morethan 650 people. The company is currentlyled by president and CEO Kevin Beckett,grandson of Reginald.

beckettcorp.com

Follow Us on Twitter! Its MBs Twitter RoundupCaught the twitter bug? We've got you covered with daily tweets about everything that matters tothe mechanical trades in Canada. Follow us @mechbusiness.

Kohlers Nicholas Rindtdiscusses the features of the

NUMI toilet.

WeveRelaunched!Have you been towww.mechanicalbusiness.comlately? Weve relaunched our sitewith a focus on bringing youmore of what you want, in a waythats easier and quicker tonavigate. In addition to ourcurrent issue and full archive ofdigital editions, the newly revamped site features an active search engine,searchable product listings and a news section thats updated daily. Be sureto drop by regularly to keep up with the industry, check out industry jobpostings and training opportunities, and to keep your subscriptioninformation up to date.

mechanicalbusiness.com

JULY/AUGUST 2012

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RMC winners announcedBrody Thompson, of Brodys Mechanical Services inSimcoe, Ont., and OzzieXue, of Servocraft Limitedin Toronto, each won an iPadin Refrigerant ManagementCanadas The RightWholesaler promotional campaign. The organizationlaunched the campaign to raise awareness about purchasingrefrigerant from RMC-supporting wholesalers.

refrigerantmanagement.ca

Sundawn supports healthcareSundawn Integrated Services president Stacey Parzygna (left)and former St. Catharines General Hospital Foundationboard member Adam Cook pose with Stan Parzygnat, MattHarris and Shawna Parzygnat Harris in front of the NHShealthcare complex in St. Catharines, Ont. In October, thefacilitys Parzygnat Family Medical Unit was named inhonour of the Parzygnat family, which has helped thefoundation raise nearly $1 million through its sponsorship of an annual golf tournament over the past seven years.

sundawn.com

New WSIB rules in Ont.According to new provincialpolicies, independent operators,sole proprietors, some partnersand certain executive officers inthe construction sector willrequire Workplace SafetyInsurance Board (WSIB) coverage beginning in January2013. The majority of HVAC/R and plumbing businesses inOntario that employ workers are already covered underWSIB, but newly affected employers can pre-register forcoverage. According to a source at WSIB, sole proprietorswill remain exempt from the new coverage rules, so long asthey work directly for homeowners. The new rules willapply to any sole proprietors involved in commercial work.

beregisteredbeready.ca

Boiler training in BarrieGuest instructor John Barba discusses hydronic systems at the TacoCanada Factory Trainings Compleat Boiler Room seminar, held byMechanical Business contributor Jeff House, in Barrie, Ont., inOctober. More than 60 hydronic installers and designers attended thetwo-day program, which covered boiler sizing and piping, circulators,zoning strategies, and hydronic electronics.

taco-hvac.com


CIPH gets socialSocial media and search engine marketing have converged theyre now one and the same, said social media expert BrianBluff, who discussed the meritsof Twitter and Facebook forB2B companies at the OctoberCIPH Ontario Region Meetingin Mississauga. The event alsosaw Wolseleys Terry Hutcheonand Allied Technical Sales LouPetro receive 50 Year ServiceAwards, and Wolseleys SandraSimpson and AquaTechs FrankStempski received LifetimeService Awards.

ciph.com

t


The success of a geothermal installation relies entirely on quality equipment and system components installed by an experienced contractor. Our equipment is from ClimateMaster, the worlds largest and most progressive manufacturer of geothermal heat pumps. Our highly experienced contractors continually perform tremendous work, we are proud to say it.

Were Here For You

To join our team visit www.nextenergy.ca or call 1-800-367-9810

At NextEnergy, we hold all our geothermal contractors to a high standard of quality and professionalism. We are very diligent when selecting contractors to represent our company in the eld. We know that our success is tied to that of our dealer network and that is why, we are here for you.

We strive to provide our dealers with the most up-to-date training, products, sales and marketing support in the industry. Its what we do best.

12.12


RBI on displayHydronics Parts Group president Doug Maderstrikes a pose at a recent open house and tour ofRBI Manufacturings Mississauga, Ont., facility. Theevent featured food, networking opportunities and apresentation of the companys latest products.

rbimfg.com

OCOT on the tableHRAI recently held a series of information meetings about thenew Ontario College of Trades (OCOT), providing anopportunity for its members to learn how the college mayimpact their businesses. At the first of the meetings, held inMississauga, Ont., on November 1, Bob Guthrie (pictured),registrar and CEO of the OCOT, and Linda Jones, manager ofstandards and assessment for the Ministry of Training, Collegesand Universities, spoke about the changes and fielded questionsfrom HRAI members. Employers and tradespeople are goingto have to pay to be part of the college, so its up to them todemand value, said Martin Luymes, HRAIs director ofprograms and relations.

hrai.ca


AGINCOURT ETOBICOKE GUELPH KITCHENER LONDON OSHAWA OWEN SOUND REXDALECAMBRIDGE GODERICH HANOVER LINDSAY NORTH YORK ORILLIA PETERBOROUGH WOODSTOCK

222

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WorldSkills team announcedSkills Canada has announced the35 members of WorldSkills TeamCanada 2013. Representing themechanical trades are MichaelScheideman of Grand Prairie,Alta., in the refrigeration and airconditioning category; Nolan Spakof Morinville, Alta., in sheet metal;and Jean-Sbastien Simard of Terrebonne, Que., in plumbing. Theteam will compete at the 42nd WorldSkills Competition inLeipzig, Germany, this July.

skillscompetencescanada.com

Noble heats up the fallPlumbing Pluss Dan Vokey (middle) poses with

Nobles Vince Baggetta (left) and Allied Airs AlainBoudreau (right) after winning one of the Concord

furnaces given away at Nobles 2012 Fall Heating Showin Vaughan, Ont. The trade show also featured prizesfrom UEi and Armstrong Air, as well as food and 10

complimentary workshops.

noble.ca

Looking to hire?Check out MBs online careersection, home of the latest industry job postings.mechanicalbusiness.com

Fix for plumbers knee

Prepatellar Bursitis, also known asplumbers knee, afflicts many contractorswho perform low installations on unpaddedsurfaces. The Prepatellar Bursitis app foriPad features an animated home exerciseregimen of more than 20 exercises aimedat improving knee strength and stability tokeep missed days to a minimum.cannytech.com

Check warranties on the fly

Bradford Whites Warranty Check Applets plumbing contractors check thewarranty status of a customer'sBradford White water heater from theiriPad, iPhone or Android device.Contractors can use the app to trackexpiration dates and inform customers,and they can also locate the nearestsales representative.bradfordwhite.com

APP ALERT


Moving on upIn October, CIPH held an official open house at itsnew offices, located two floors above their formerlocation at 295 The West Mall in Toronto. Theorganization is now in suite 504. Pictured: CIPHpast-chairman Kevin Fullan (left) and CIPHpresident Ralph Suppa welcomed guests with toursof CIPHs new home.

ciph.com

12.12

More newswww.mechan ica lbus iness.com

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Victaulic provides a complete line of balancing products that accurately control building temperature while optimizing energy efciency.

Victaulic is the exclusive North American representative for Tour and Andersson products.

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Videomarketinga mustViewers aged 55plus account for thehighest percentageof online video, andyour customers aredefinitely amongthem, said marketing expert Chris Appletonduring the October HRAI Toronto Chaptermeeting. Appletons presentation dealt with theimportance of growing a brand through Facebookand digital video.

hrai.ca

Plumbing code under reviewThe Canadian Commission on Building and FireCodes (CCBFC) has asked stakeholders, includingrepresentatives from the Mechanical ContractorsAssociation of Canada (MCAC), to review andcomment on proposed changes to the NationalPlumbing Code of Canada 2010. The next editionof the code is expected to be published in 2015.

nationalcodes.nrc.gc.ca

Mechanicals honoured in QuebecMarc Gendron,president of LesEntreprises MLG & FilsInc and secretary/treasurer of HRAI, received twoawards at the Maestria Gala held by theCorporation des Matres Mcaniciens enTuyauterie du Qubec (CMMTQ) in Laval, Que.,in September. His company was given top honoursin the Accomplishment of the year Works of lessthan $500,000 category, and Gendron picked up aseparate Volunteer of the Year Award for hisdedication to the CMMTQs activities.

cmmtq.org


12.12

Movers and Shakersw w w . m e c h a n i c a l b u s i n e s s . c o m


Taco acquires HydrofloTaco owner John Hazen White, Jr., recentlyannounced his companys purchase of HydrofloPumps, a manufacturer of vertical andsubmersible turbine driven pumps, based inFairview, Tenn. Taco has previously distributed Hydroflos productsthroughout the Canadian marketplace. According to the terms, Hydroflo willbecome a wholly owned division of Taco, Inc., and Brian Daschner will stayon as Hydroflo CEO.

taco-hvac.com

New rep in QuebecSmiths Environmental, a manufacturer of hydronic

fan convectors, kickspace heaters and baseboardradiation, has announced that Les Agences J.P.Sylvain is now its sales representative for the

province of Quebec.

smithsenvironmental.com

Emco acquires Independent SupplyEmco has purchased Independent SupplyCompany, a distributor of HVAC/R partsand equipment. Rick Fantham, presidentof Emco, has confirmed that the ISC banner will continue as part of Emco.Financial terms of the deal were not disclosed.

emcoltd.com

Franklin Electric buys CerusWater systems manufacturer FranklinElectric has acquired 100 per cent ofthe outstanding stock of CerusIndustrial Inc., a manufacturer and distributor of motor controls, starters, contactors,protection devices and variable frequency drives for the HVAC, industrial motorsand pumping systems markets. The $25.7 million deal was an all-cash transaction.

franklin-electric.com

Mestek acquires DadancoHVAC manufacturer Mestek, Inc., hasacquired 100 per cent ownership ofDadanco-Mestek JV, a manufacturer ofactive chilled beams, induction units and induction diffusers. The deal alsogives Mestek the rights to Dadancos proprietary nozzle technology usedwith induction units in heating and cooling systems.

mestek.com

Rinnai partners with GiantRinnai America has joined forces with Montreal-based Giant Factories, a manufacturer of gas,electric and oil water heaters, to develop newproducts for the Canadian market. Our partnership will lead to an even greaterenergy-efficient product offering for our customers and the industry as a whole,said Jean-Claude Lesage, vice-president of Giant Factories.

giantinc.comrinnai.us

New facility in OntarioM.A. Stewart & Sons Ltd. has announced the

opening of its new Ontario distribution facility inAjax. The office is located at 40 Pugsley Court

and can be reached at 905-683-7303.

mastewart.com

WaterFurnace buys into CHP

WaterFurnace International Inc. has acquired a fiveper cent ownership position in GI Endurant, LLC, acompany with significant combined heat and power(CHP) knowledge and experience. Terms of the deal

were not disclosed, but WaterFurnace will supplyequipment to GI Endurant as part of the agreement.

waterfurnace.com

McKeough opens inHamilton

McKeough Supply has opened a new branch inHamilton, Ont. The new location, managed by

Victor Hyman, is located at 240 Nebo Road, Unit#3, and can be reached at 905-574-4111.

mckeoughsupply.com

:KHQ\RXSXUFKDVHD/LWWOH*LDQW(1+6HULHVKLJKKHDGHIXHQWpump you are getting a proven product, trusted by professionals.

For more information on Little Giant products, contact your local plumbing distributor.

DURABLECONSTRUCTIONFully submersible epoxy

coated cast iron motor housing

EASY OPERATIONAvailable in manual or automatic

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SOLIDSHANDLING1RQFORJLPSHOOHUZLWKsolids handling up to

3/4 inch diameter

ENERGY EFFICIENT4/10 hp (9ENH) or 1/2 hp (10ENH)

(QHUJ\VDYLQJORZDPS36&PRWRUruns cool to extend life

www.franklin-electric.com/lg

Follow us.

(10ENH-CIA-SFS model shown.)

NEW HIGHPERFORMANCE10ENH - 50 gpm at 10' 60' shut off

9ENH - 60 gpm at 10' 45' shut off

12.12

People in the newsw w w . m e c h a n i c a l b u s i n e s s . c o m

DAVE HOLDORF hasjoined Tacos training teamto support John Barba in thecompanys Canadian traininginitiatives. Holdorf has ledtraining sessions for thecompany at rep, distributorand contractor locations, andbrings more than 15 years ofexperience in hydronics tohis new role.

Let the mechanical worldknow through the pagesof Mechanical Business.To have your companyspersonnel announcementsincluded, free of charge, inan upcoming edition ofMechanical Business,simply send a note and a few details, [email protected].

Trane Canada has namedJOHN WARREN (1)service solutions leader forthe companys TraneAtlantic office in Halifax.DAVID TONER (2) hasjoined Trane Atlantics SaintJohn, N.B., office as its new contractingsolutions leader. At the companys Torontooffice, NIK LJILJANIC (3) has beenappointed to the role of commercial salesleader, and JOE CARPINO (4) has joinedas Ontario parts leader. Trane Canada alsoappointed LEON HAWKINS to the roleof national automation and controlsbusiness leader.

LG Electronics Canada haspromoted DENIS MURPHY(top) to the role of seniorcommercial sales manager forthe companys air conditioningand energy solutions business.Murphy brings extensive salesand channel managementexperience to his new position.Also at LG, JAMESHONYOTSKI (bottom) hasbeen promoted to the role ofresidential air conditioning salesmanager. Honyotski has morethan 20 years of residential andlight commercial HVACexperience.

MIKE MILLER hasbeen appointed tothe role of nationalbusinessdevelopmentmanagerCanada forUponor. Miller, whohas been with thecompany since2008, will beresponsible forgrowing all productlines within Canada.

Hired someone lately?

Carrier Canada has named PAULDAVIGNON president andgeneral manager. Davignonpreviously held management roleswith Trane USA and TraneCanada.

Wolseley Canada has announced theappointment of CASIAN GLAVCE tothe role of strategic business manager ofplumbing.Glavce brings 17years ofexperience insales and generalmanagement,business analysisand performanceimprovement tothe company.

BMI hasappointedCHARLESDARVEAU tothe role of salesmanager forEastern Canada.Darveau bringsexperience insales management and marketdevelopment to his new role.

Fairview Fittings andManufacturing hasappointed two newsales reps. GAETANBOUCHARD (top)will cover thenorthern Quebecand Quebec Cityterritory, whilePATRICKRATHWELL(bottom) will serveCalgary, Lethbridgeand Medicine Hat in Alberta.

CIPH has announcedthe appointment ofKATIEHUTCHINSON asthe institutes newcouncils manager.Through this role,Hutchinson willmanage the activitiesof the CanadianHydronics Council and the Plumbing IndustryAdvisory Council.

1 2 3

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Mechanical Businesscolumnist ROGERGROCHMAL has a newtitle at AtlasCare. He is nowthe companys chairmanand CEO.

Rogers son, MICHAELGROCHMAL, has beennamed president.

Hands Up!How many Contractors now

prefer AquaRise over Copper?

Ask Jean Desjardins, P. Eng. of Desjardins Expert Conseil

I prefer the process involved in assembling AquaRise overwelding copper because we dont have to deal with fire orsafety issues. And unlike copper, when we put the solventmaterial around the joints, were sure its going to be sealed.AquaRise is a great alternative its about time someoneintroduced this type of product.

AquaRise offers a fully-integrated system

of pipe, fittings and valves. AquaRise

solvent cement and primer allows for

fast, easy assembly.

For the full case study story visit www.ipexinc.com/aquarise

File # 3829-Story Condo

Call 1-866-473-9462 or visit www.ipexinc.com

Non-Metallic Potable Water Systems for Commercial & High-Rise ConstructionProduct manufactured by IPEX Inc. The colour of the AquaRise pipes and fittings is a trade-mark of IPEX Branding Inc. AquaRise is a trade-mark of IPEX Branding Inc.

12.12

Profile

A I started out as a refrigeration technician. I workedwith a local company for eight or nine years, andthen I worked with Carrier for two or three years.Then a friend with a wholesale operation waslooking for somebody to work with, and so I startedin the wholesale business around 1978.

QHow did you end up on themanufacturing side of themechanical world?

A Being involved at HRAI, Ibecame interested in whatwas going to happen withrefrigerants as they weregetting phased out, and sawit as a business opportunity.We went looking forreclamation technology nobody in Canada was doinganything like this and wefound some in the U.S. In93, we decided to go aheadand buy a system and openour doors.

QTell us about developingyour own separationequipment.

A We searched around for separationtechnology, but we couldnt really findanybody. So we decided to try to do itourselves. I designed a small systemthat would hold refrigerants. It took ussome time to make it work, but oncewe got it working, it literally took themixtures apart for us. A little whilelater we decided to develop our ownreclamation unit because theequipment we had purchased was abit limited, so we developed that andwere able to patent that process too,and started providing thosetechnologies around the world.

QWhy should contractors andwholesalers make use of programs likeRefrigerant Management Canada?

A It is important, and it is so easy to use.And it takes the risk out. Once theproduct is surplus to them, they canget rid of it for no cost, and they knowthe right thing is going to be donewith it; either it is going to be recycledand go back into the market, or it isgoing to be properly disposed of.

QTell us about your company.

A We deal with used refrigerantsthat we reclaim and resell, andalso dispose of the ones thathave no value. We also sell ourown line of replacementrefrigerants thatreplace ozone-depletingrefrigerants.

QHow did youget started inthe industry?

A Certificate and Specialist member of RSES, and a past-president ofthe Nova Scotia Chapters of both RSES and HRAI, Jim Thomas hasbeen actively involved in the refrigeration trade for more than 40years, at all levels of the sector. In 1993, he established Canadas firstrefrigerant reclamation facility, and has developed and patented a

number of refrigerant reclamation technologies that are currently inuse in facilities around the world. He has also spent time working onUnited Nations projects, has had a hole-in-one on the golf course andloves boating did we mention that hes a past-commodore of theDartmouth Yacht Club? We recently caught up with him to talk shop.

Jim Thomas: Advancing stewardship in the trade

18

Name: Jim Thomas Title: PresidentCompany: Refrigerant Services Inc.Age: 63Resides in: Fall River, N.S.Family: Wife Sandra, children Devin, Drew and AmberJoined the industry in: 1968Education: Nova Scotia Vocational School (now NSCC)Member: RMC, HRAI, RSES and ASHRAE

BIO

WORDS OF ADVICEIf someone tells you that somethingcant be done, dont necessarily believeit. When it came to our technology,there were people who said it wouldtake millions to build and make it work.I think the first separator that we madecost us about $1,000, and it actuallyworked. If you think something can bedone, dont let others stop you.

Jim and his wife like to travel, and have taken cruises through a number of worldly locales including the Mediterranean and theCaribbean.

Jim has a 40-foot flybridge motor yacht.

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Unless theyve already been serviced thisyear, each of the roughly 1.2 millionHRVs and ERVs currently installed inCanadian homes could use a fall tune-up.

Start by checking the outside hoods. The fresh air intake screen is oftenblocked with leaves or dust. Dont clean it until the device has been

turned off, however. You want to avoid drawing dirt and debris into theducts. Go to the unit and open it up. Clean or replace the filters, pull out thecore and if it is plastic or aluminum, put it in the laundry tub or take itoutside and run water through it, maybe with mild detergent to get itclean. ERV cores need only be vacuumed.

Now clean the drain pans and the rest of the inside of the unit with adamp cloth. Ideally you would also access the fan wheels and use an old

toothbrush and vacuum to clean the fan blades. The final part to a thorough cleaning will be to flush the drain line and refill the trap.

With the unit properly cleaned, check for proper operation of controls and verify theairflow. Keep in mind that every manufacturer has a different control strategy, each with itsown boot-up sequence. This, of course, means you need to read the manual. This will saveyou time though. Even if you are an experienced technician, dont make assumptions about wire colours, fanspeeds or control sequencing. Unlike furnaces, there are very few commonalities betweenHRV manufacturers. Each has its own defrost strategy and timing, its own control and wiringpreferences, and even airflow balancing method. Moreover, all of these have changedmultiple times as the industry has matured since the early days of mechanical ventilation inthe mid-eighties. HRV maintenance provides an excellent new opportunity for HVAC contractors who havenoted that cleaning and service opportunities have diminished due to advancements infurnaces and air conditioning technology. To be really effective at HRV service work, start this fall by building a database of the modelsand serial numbers of HRVs in your clients homes, even before they need service.


HIGH-PERFORMANCE HVAC By Gord Cooke

Its tune-up time!

Gord Cooke is a professional engineer who has

spent 20 years helping builders and HVAC

contractors implement innovative technologies

into high-performance homes. He has particular

expertise in IAQ and air flow management in

houses, and can be contacted at

[email protected].

CONTROLLINGfresh air delivery If you are still not sure that HRVsare really necessary, or think theyare only needed in new homes, orin tight homes, or in those withmoisture issues, or only in thewinter, or only in homes with sickoccupants, why not ask yourclients if they would like to beable to control when they bringfresh air into their homes?

Even if they dont run the HRV all the time, wouldnt it be nice to know that they have thecapacity for fresh air whenever they need or want it?

Just like an air conditioner that only runs when people want summer temperature control, sotoo is an HRV of great value for giving people the option of air quality control year round.

A while back I came across aninstall where the contractorhad gone to great lengths toshoe horn a fan motorassembly from onemanufacturer into anothermanufacturers unit.

The technician had custom bent the mountingbracket and rewired the wiring connector, butforgot to check the rotation of the motor. As aresult, the fans were running backwards!

A much better, and proper, option is to create alisting of the serial numbers of units for eachclient so that you can order the parts specific tothat unit, in a timely fashion. There are virtuallyno generic parts for HRVs not even filters.

AVOID field surgery


Control l ing f resh air del ivery Servicing HR V units

Start with a rebootMuch like furnaces and air conditioners, most new HRVs havedigital controls with troubleshooting indicators built in. Thismeans the first service action taken on any new unit should be toreboot it. Unplug the unit for 30 to 60 seconds and plug it back in.

It seems simple, but it is still an easyand effective way to start any serviceaction.

The insulated duct running between the unit and theoutside hoods is often poorly installed, leading tocondensation build-up within the duct. Check the ductsand connections looking for signs of dripping water orcondensation.

The duct may be wet enough that it needs to be replaced.Otherwise, drain any water in the duct and then be sure tothoroughly seal the inner duct to the unit and hoodconnections, then seal even more carefully the outsidevapour barrier jacket at the unit and connections. Inspectalong the length of the duct for any holes, rips or tearsand repair or replace as needed.

Once the ducting has been addressed, check the fanspeeds and airflow. Cycle the unit through each of the fanspeed settings and listen for smooth changes in speedwith no added vibration or excessive noise. The airflowshould be balanced such that the supply and exhaustairflows are within 10 per cent of each other, and that theflows are within the expected capacity of the unitinstalled.

Balancing has become much easier now that somemanufacturers have measuring taps mounted in or on theunit itself. If no such taps exist, there are simple pressureprobes that can be inserted into each of the supply andexhaust ducts.

Next, check the defrost operation. All units in Canada,except those installed in the lower mainland of B.C., needa defrost cycle to ensure reliable winter operation. Mostdefrost systems include a damper that moves to close off

the fresh air stream and divert the exhaust air back through the unit. Inaddition, often one fan will shut off during the defrost cycle.

Most manufacturers will have procedures for how to simulate a defrostcycle. Defrost is usually initiated by a temperature sensor in the fresh airduct connection. In many cases, the boot up sequence includes at least afew minutes of a defrost cycle. Certainly, if you arrive to service a unitduring cold weather (below -5C), check to see if the unit is in defrostbefore starting any service work or troubleshooting.

Defrost cycle lengths vary by manufacturer and by outside temperature.They could be as short as three or four minutes, and as long as 15minutes. And some units are designed to simply shut down for extendedperiods in extremely cold weather (below -20C, for example).

One of the most common defrost issues is the failure of the temperaturesensor, and since it is one of the least expensive components of an HRV, itis worth checking it out first.

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Saniflos Sanicondens pump isdesigned to remove conden-sate from a variety of appli-cations, including boilers,furnaces and water heaters.The unit, which allows con-densation to be liftedthrough a small bore pipe toa nearby drain, handles con-densate at temperatures up to160F and can pump up to 15"vertically or 150" horizontally. www.saniflo.ca

The MT-543Ri Plus controller from FullGauge features three-stage operation andcan be used for cooling or heating systems.It has an operating temperature range of 0to 50C and a relative humidity range of10 to 90 per cent. Users can program thesecond stage as an alarm and the third as a cyclic timer. www.ecotherm.ca

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WATER PIPE SIZING By Rainier Bratsch-Blundel

continued on page 26

Rainier Bratsch-Blundel has been a licensed plumber for over

23 years and is a plumbing professor and the plumbing and

Steamfitting programs coordinator for apprenticeship and

skilled trades at George Brown College. He is also the

president of the Ontario Plumbing Inspectors Association. He

can be contacted at [email protected], or visit OPIA

online at www.opia.info.

The building and plumbing codes acrossCanada state that when sizing thedrinking water systems within a building it

is to be done using good engineering practice,such as that found in the ASHRAE Handbooksand ASPE Data Books. (Note: The OPC willalign with the NPC on its upcoming release.)

And there are two key factors that influence thecalculation of domestic water pipe sizing:velocity and demand.

To assess velocity, it is necessary to determinethe maximum speed recommended for thepiping material used. For steel this is 2.4 m/s (8f/s). With copper, it is 2.4 m/s (8 f/s) on the coldwater delivery side, and 1.5 m/s (5 f/s) on thehot water side. PEX is rated at 3.0 m/s (10 f/s).

On the demand front, each project will have a hydraulic loaddetermined using water supply fixture units (WSFU) units ofmeasure that were given new factors in the 2009 edition of theInternational Plumbing Code (2009 IPC).

The 2009 IPC seems to be the baseline used to create the valuesfor public and private use in the tables found in the 2010National Plumbing Code of Canada (NPC), and will be used inthe next code cycle of the Ontario Building Code and theOntario Plumbing Code and Guide.

WORKING WITHSMALLER SYSTEMSOne of the new methodsfound in the body of the2010 NPC is suitable forone- or two-dwellingunits, or row houses withseparate water servicepipes. It is a simplif iedmethod that can be usedfor smaller installationswhere the minimumwater pressure at theentry to the building is atleast 200 kPa, the totalmaximum length of thewater system does notexceed 90 metres, and thevalues outlined in Table2.6.3.4. of the 2010 NPCare used.

andNavigating VelocityDemand

When calculating the load on the domestic water pipe system,always start from the farthest point and work your way back tothe source. In the case of the hot water side, that will be back tothe hot water tank.

There are three pipe-sizing methods found in the 2010 NPC. Twoof them are relatively new, and were developed from methodsbeing used in British Columbia. Each method requires the use ofthe 100% of the individual value of the demand or hydraulicload from the WSFUs used in the system. These values vary byfixture, and are outlined in the code document.

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Looking at the water service size in Table 4, the total cold WSFU is 140 and thepressure at the source is 545 kPa.

To translate this into pipe size, it is necessar y to use the Pressure Range table fromthe appendix of the 2010 NPC. Since we have a length of 15 metres from source topoint-of-entry, we must go higher than that on the char t. Same for the WSFUfigure. Based on a flow velocity of 2.4 m/s of copper, we need to find the lightlyshaded box that corresponds with an elevation greater than 15 and more than 140WSFUs. This puts us at a water service pipe of 2.

WATER PIPE SIZING continued from page 24


One of the methods to calculate pipe sizes forsmall commercial buildings uses a pressurerange table found in the appendix of the 2010NPC. This method can be applied to bothpublic and private water supplies.

Looking at a sample, theoretical system, it canbe helpful to make a table to chart the risers(Table 3).

In this example system, the developed lengthfrom the source to point-of-entry is 15m, and from point-of-entry to the farthest fixture is 45m.

The pressure losses due to the height of thehighest fixture will be based on three (3)metres at the source, and 10 metres from thesource to the highest fixture.

This example has a minimum static pressure atthe source is 565 kPa, and the minimum staticpressure at point-of-entry is 535 kPa.

Also note that the water service pipes arecopper, and the water distribution pipes

are PEX.

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Taking pressure losses into account for the water meter, backflow preventer (20 kPa)and elevation (100 kPa), the distribution pipe sizing of the hot water system will bebased on a pressure range of 415 kPa at a height of 45 metres and a WSFU total of 96.

Looking at the flow rate of 3.0 m/s for PEX, in the 46m column, this corr esponds to 1-1/2 supplies at the hot water tank.

Exactly as was done with the hot water distribution piping, the 46m column is chosento meet the needs of the cold side, based on 140 W SFU with a flow rate of 3.0 m/s.This results in a 1-1/2 cold water distribution system downstream of the water meter.

Siz ing small commercial projects

Trusted above all.TMTrrusteT d above al .l MT




WATER PIPE SIZING continued from page 27

USING AVERAGE PRESSURE LOSSESA third method of determining pipe size is called the average pressure lossmethod. This was introduced in British Columbia about six y ears ago, and hasbeen proven as an acceptable method of sizing water pipe.

To calculate the pipe size based on average pressure loss, it is f irst necessary toensure that there will be enough pressure in the system for the most remotefixture to operate properly.

To do this, subtract the pressure losses for service from the minimum staticpressure. This provides the adjusted pressure at the water service entry to thebuilding. Taking this adjusted pressure, subtract pressures for meters, valves and

other devices, as well as losses for elevation,and the minimum pressure necessary for themost remote fixture to operate. What is left isthe total pressure available to overcomefriction loss in the piping system.

If we divide this number by 1.5 times thedeveloped length (plus additional losses ifinsert fittings are used), that will provide theaverage pressure loss per metre of pipe.

If the average pressure loss is above 2.6 kPaper metre, it is possible to use the chart in theappendix of the 2010 NPC to determine pipesize, based on the maximum velocity of thepipe type, and the flow and fixture unitsserved.

DETERMINING FACTORSThere are five important factors that mustbe determined when calculating pipe sizes:

1. The developed length from the source tothe point-of-entry, and then point-of-entry to the farthest fixture.

2. The pressure losses due to the height of the highest fixture. To calculate, add 10 kPa pressure loss for every metre in height.

3. The minimum static pressure, at source and entry.

4. The total WSFU (Cold, Hot, Hot and Cold, Cold before Hot, Cold at Hot).

5. The maximum velocities, as stated by thepipe manufacturer.

COUNT ONCE,CHECK THE

MATH TWICEThe load from a fixture withboth hot and cold is onlycounted once. This means thatwhen calculating the load ofthe hot water tank on the coldsupply, the load on the hotside acts as the load on thecold side, since the hot issupplied from the cold supplyto the hot water tank.

123

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Drew Wolf is a technical services field application engineer withTaco. He can be reached at [email protected]

By Drew Wolf

GETTING THE INSTALLATION RIGHTMost installation errors encountered in the field are simple problems,and are relatively easy to solve. The biggest problems are almost alwaysseen when installations are done without reading instructions orhaving adequate training on the equipment being installed or thesystem being built.

Some of the more common problems we see in hydronic systemsinclude improper pump locations, and mounting the pumpsincorrectly.

Acirculator will do only as much work(flow and head) as is dictated by thesystem, and the circulator can only

operate on its pump curve. Furthermore, acentrifugal pump will attempt to supply asmuch flow as it can against the friction lossof the installed system.

If you were to open the outside faucet atyour home, you would have a great deal ofwater flow. If you attach a 100-foot hose,the water flow decreases. This is due tofriction loss. With a long enough hose, itwould be possible to have the floweventually cease.

If a circulator cant overcome the systempressure head (loss) and friction loss, thepump will not produce the desired flow rateor any flow. The impeller will simply spin inside the casing and produce heat, and thepump will eventually fail.

On the other hand, placing a circulator capable of producing 40 gpm much morethan the system calls for would cause the pump to back up on its curve and attemptto operate at a point detrimental to the life of the circulator.

A circulator that is too large will produce noise that will be heard throughout the pipedsystem, but much worse than that is the increased likelihood of erosion of the internalwalls of the piping, which can lead to damage and leakage, perhaps at multiple places.

As such, the velocity or speed of water in a hydronic system must be taken intoconsideration when selecting a system circulator.

KEEPING THEBTUS FLOWING

TERMINOLOGYCHECKA circulator pump is a specif ic type

of pump used to circulate fluid in a

closed circuit. They are commonly

found circulating water in hydronic

heating and cooling systems.

Because they only circulate liquid

within a closed circuit, they only

need to overcome the friction of a

piping system (as opposed to

lifting a fluid from a point of lower

potential energy to a point of

higher potential energy).

DID YOU KNOW? One can only reasonably expect a flow of 4 to 5 gpm through a 3/4" heating loop.

continues on page 32

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PUMPS continues from page 30

GET IN THE FLOWThe flow, or gallons per minute (gpm), that a pump produces is dependent on thehead produced by the pump. The system resistance is the controlling factor indetermining the flow produced by the pump.

As the flow increases in a piping system the resistance, or pressure drop, rises at a rateequal to the square of the ratio of the flow. The point where the system resistancecurve and the pump curve intersect is the maximum flow that the pump will producein that piping system.

PUMP LOCATIONAir in the system is a very common field issue,and it often ties to where a circulator isinstalled. Air will produce noise in thedistribution piping, cause poor heat transfer,and cavitation within the pump casing. Properpump location will reduce air entrained in thesystem water of course, proper airelimination also plays an important role.

In a closed system, circulators create pressuredifferential to move water. When the pump ispositioned to pump away from thecompression tank, the circulators pressurewill be added to the system pressure and airremoval becomes much more efficient.

If the circulator is pumping toward thecompression tank, the discharge pressure willnot show as an increase. The suction side ofthe pump will see a pressure decrease, whichwill release the air that has been dissolved intothe water. This will causenoise and, most likely,cavitation of the circulator.

IMPROPER MOUNTING The mounting configuration of the pump must be taken into consideration whendesigning a system. Water-lubricated circulators must be mounted in the horizontalposition (parallel to the floor). This position will ensure sufficient lubrication of therotor bearings.

Three-piece pumps thatconsist of a motor, bearingassembly and casing shouldalways be mounted in thesame horizontal position aswater-lubricated pumps. Theyare designed to beunsupported. Pipe hangersshould not be used to supportthe motor.

Pumps with a close-coupleddesign have the impellerdirectly mounted to the motorshaft and directly bolted to the pump casing. These pumps can be mounted in thevertical position. They can be mounted horizontally as well, but are limited in thisconfiguration by the horsepower rating of the motor.

CATCH THE TRAINAs you know, in a heating system, the circulator isthe device that moves hot water produced by theboiler out to the buildings heat emitters, be theybaseboards, fan coil units, radiant loops or eventowel warmers.

If the circulator isnt properly sized to provide thecorrect flow in the system, the necessary amountof heat or BTUs cannot be transferred into thebuilding.

An analogy that I like to use, especially when talking with homeowners,is to think of the system being serviced by a hot train thats hauling a

load of BTUs. At every train station (radiator or radiant loop, etc.) anumber of BTUs jump of f. The train continues through each station until all

the BTUs have left the train, at which point the train returns to the station(the boiler) to pick up more BTUs and repeat the trip.

If the train is too small to carry all the BTUs needed at the r adiators, less heat willbe available, comfort will be compromised, and that could lead t o otherproblems within the heating system.

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HYDRONICS By Eric Riml

RUST AVOIDANCE Iron oxide will quickly turn thewater black as the oxidizationprocess moves along, though itmay start as red or brown. Ironoxide in boiler water is almostalways caused by excessive oxygen(air) in the system, whichcombined with heat, will rapidlycause rust. Improve your airfiltration, and look for signs ofexcessive make-up water, usuallyfrom leaks or from pressuredischarge.

Whats thecolour of your water?

Eric Riml is a certified hydronic designer working in

Calgary, Alta. He can be reached at

[email protected].

You arrive at a jobsite, and you seesomething strange in the water. Weveall seen dirty boiler water in various

shades, but what does it mean?

The most common colour is black. Black, redor brown water usually indicates high levels ofiron oxide, which means the start of corrosionof iron-based components, including steel.

Black can also indicate bacterial growth inwater particularly in lower-temperatureapplications. Bacteria can form organic acids that can also eat at your components.

Red and brown water can also mean galvanic corrosion, where electrical current iscausing the iron to break away from the pipe walls, to be carried by the water andoften deposited elsewhere as scale.

Yellow or brown water can indicate the presence of dissolved organics, such asdecaying algae, usually in a stage of decay. This is most common when using wellwater as feed water, which I would stay away from you are far better to use asystem feeder and bring in city water to top up the feeder.

Foaming water can indicate that oils or grease are present. Certain chemicals canalso cause foaming if exposed to air and heat. In rare cases, you may see strangehints of colour, from pink to green, caused by improper flushing or neutralizationof boiler-cleaning chemicals. In these cases, you are likely to need a full flush andrefill because oils, grease and chemicals break down over time with heat andoxygen, and the resulting gunk is not friendly to your boiler system.

Muddy or cloudy water likely means there are high levels of suspended solids inthe water. A small-particle micron filter is the solution, if you cant possibly flushand fill with better quality water. This situation, more than any other, is a reason

to test local water before the initial fill!

If you ever have sand, sediment or other hard particles coming out of yourfilter (you DO have a filter, right?), you are going to experience additionalwear on moving components, especially pumps, and excessive wear whereyou have higher velocity water. This problem can worsen itself if you havedissolved minerals in the water, such as carbonates or sulphates (calciumand magnesium being the most common).



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Causes of

COLOURSThe foremost cause of water qualityproblems is oxygen. Especially withmodern, high-efficiency boilers,removing gases from fluid becomesthe highest priority.

Excess feed water introduction into thesystem is another common culprit,because of leaks or continual reliefvalve discharge. The more water, themore contaminants you have to dealwith, especially oxygen.

Although less common, poor qualityboiler fill water or feed water, whetherinitial or ongoing because of feedwater, will introduce morecontaminants that have to becontinually dealt with, and can resultin a problem system.

Lack of dielectric isolation betweendissimilar metals or highconcentrations of metal particles in thewater can cause electrical current,producing electrolysis, resulting inmetals being pulled from the pipe wallinto the water (called galvaniccorrosion). This type corrosion causespitting in some areas and build-up inothers.

Old chemicals can cause problems,too. Most chemicals degrade over timeand must be flushed and replaced, orat least topped up. Heat andoxygenation will cause glycol to breakdown eventually, despite inhibitors,and fluid under a 25 per cent glycolconcentration can be prone tobiological activity (that is, the glycolcan rot). When glycol degrades, itproduces an organic acid, droppingpH and eating away at components,producing black water that smells likethat drain-unclogging incident thatyou dont like to talk about.

HYDRONICS continued from page 34


PH CHECK PLEASEPay attention to the boilermanufacturersrecommendation with regardto pH. Do not assume that aneutral pH (7) is the requiredlevel. In general, when pH isbelow the recommended level,the chances for corrosionincreases, and when pH isabove recommended levels,the chance for scale formationincreases. For systemscontaining both copper andcarbon steel, the condensateand feedwater pH is often maintained between 8.8 and 9.2 for corrosionprotection of both metals.

There are many ideas floating around aboutwhether to regularly replace boiler water. Some

contractors swear by keeping the old water, because while itmight contain some sludge, it is relatively inert, havingalready scavenged the metals it needs, and having already had

almost all the oxygen purged out of it. Others swear by regular flushing and proper pHbalancing with chemical additives.

Of the two extremes, the first way sounds muchsimpler, but do we really want to be running sludgethrough our circulators and boilers? Well, no. It willreduce their lifespan and possibly causeunpredictable failures.

However, sludge is not necessarily bad. If it coats theinside of pipes, it will to some degree preventoxygen from new feed water from getting at themetal. Were also adding a lot more maintenance costif we regularly flush the system with new water andhave to test and top up all the chemicals. So when dowe use each approach?

My recommendation is that you make a judgementcall based on the size, cost and type of the system,the maintenance it already requires, and the severityof the sludge or buildup.

There is a great difference between a medium-sized residence with a cast-iron boiler, singlepump and baseboard heating, and a 50-floor apartment building with a modcon boiler andsnowmelt.

If you are able to schedule regular maintenance and properly monitor the chemicals, andthe components are expensive enough that extending their lifespan is more cost-effectivethan maintenance and chemical costs, and a degradation of the chemicals is going to causecatastrophic failure, then a rigorous maintenance schedule, with regular flushing, water andchemical replacement and monitoring, and regular examination of components for signs ofpitting and scale becomes the right course of action.

On the other hand, I would never advocate a full testing regime and regular purging andreplacement of slightly-blackened water in a small system that is otherwise problem-free.

Watch your SPEEDVelocity erosion, producing its own form of wear, can

be caused by undersized piping, scale build-up or

oversized pumps. All of these causes can produce

liquid velocities that can eat away at any kind of pipe.

Combined with contaminants, such as dissolved solids

or metal ions, the erosion effect can be rapid.

GET IT TESTEDA lot of problems can resultfrom things you cant see inthe water, so when in doubt,have the water tested for:

pH Suspended solids Water softness/hardness Inhibitor and glycol levels Biological contamination

When should I replacethe boiler water?

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LEGIONNAIRES DISEASE By Adam Frei l l

Combattingbacterialgrowth

To minimize colonization and amplification:

Avoid dead legs of piping;

Keep domestic cold water below 25C (77F) and hot water above 55C (131F);

Use biocides to control growth of bacteria, algae and protozoa;

Limit available niches for microbiata; and

Remove or prevent sediment accumulation in cooling basins, decorative fountains and hot water tanks.

Disease outcomesThe term legionnaires diseaseis the common name for a veryserious form of pneumonia, saysWilliam McCoy. It is anextraordinarily aggressiveinfection that causes a severepneumonia. Any time a person isinfected by legionella bacteria,they have legionellosis, butlegionnaires disease is aninfection that leads topneumonia.

The disease proves to be fatal inbetween five and 30 per cent ofcases, with the mortality rateoften depending on the speed atwhich treatment can beadministered. Those who survivemay not fully recover, sufferingfrom irreparable lung damage.Many people who endure thosesymptoms and survive have long-term debilitation, reports McCoy.

The other clinical illness causedby the legionella bacteria isPontiac fever. This is a flu-likeillness without pneumonia.Persons with Pontiac feverexperience fever and muscleaches without pneumonia, andgenerally recover in less than aweek, without treatment.

Not everyone who is exposed to the legionella bacter ia will develop legionnairesdisease, but every case of legionnaires disease is the result of exposure to thebacteria, and in almost every recorded case of legionnaires disease, the illness hasresulted from exposure to a contaminated building water system, either plumbing orHVAC in nature.

When the bacteria enter buildingwater systems, they often findenvironments that are conducive togrowth: warm water, stagnant water,or slow-moving water, explainsWilliam McCoy, chief technologyofficer at Phigenics, and chair ofASHRAEs Standard 188Pcommittee. Premise plumbing orbuilding water system plumbingprovides many opportunities for thebacteria to amplify.

Amplifiers could come in the form ofcooling towers and evaporativecondensers, humidifiers, potablewater heaters and holding tanks,pipes containing stagnant warmwater, showerheads, faucet aerators,jetted bathtubs, pools, and publicfountains.

The proposed ASHRAE Standard 188P, which is expected to be pub lished in final formearly next year, is a voluntary practice standard that requires facility manager s and ownersto formally take responsibility for controlling legionella in their building or water system.

We know how to analyze and control this hazard, says McCoy. We need a standardizedpractice to specify for facility managers and owners exactly what to do in their facilities tocontrol the hazard in a systematic and scientif ically defensible way.

CONTROLLINGthe hazard

Combatting bacterial growth Growing condit ions

MAKING USE OF THESTANDARDFor compliance with ASHRAE Standard 188P, Prevention ofLegionellosis Associated with Building Water Systems,building owners and managers need to take proactive steps

to ensure that structures arein place to address thehazard.

The first thing that mustbe done is to establish ateam, says Standard 188Pcommittee chair WilliamMcCoy.

That team will analyze the buildings water systems, creatinga schematic specific to the facility that identifies criticalcontrol points areas most at risk of bacterial growth andprescribed steps that will structure how those points in thesystem will be monitored, and what corrective action will betaken if the bacterial count exceeds the set critical limit.

The team must also verify that the plan is beingimplemented, and have a structure in place to verify thathazard control has been effective.

By Definition

The outbreak of legionnaires disease in Quebec City earlierthis year has been linked to an HVAC system in the cityslower-town area. More than 180 cases of the disease wereattributed to the outbreak, which started in the summer, andcaused more than a dozen deaths.

Authorities in the city mandated that cooling towers in theaffected area be inspected and cleaned, which helped bringthe illness under control. More than 100 cooling systemswere disinfected as part of the clean-up.

While legionnella bacteria are commonly found in nature, they rarely posea threat in the environment because the concentration tends to be verylow. Like most bacteria, however, under certain conditions they canreplicate to form sizeable colonies.

Legionella pneumophila can grow intap water between 25C and 42C, withan optimal temperature for growth of37C (98.6F). Standing water incooling towers, humidifiers and otherbuilding systems can provide theseconditions.

But theres more to the spread ofillness than bacterial colonies. It isnot just about the number of bacteria,it is also about the transmission of thebacteria. In a natural environment,often the numbers are very low, andthere isnt a ready source of exposureto aerosol, explains McCoy.

The only way that the disease can betransmitted is from the water, through

the air, and into the lungs. You cannot get legionellosis from person-to-person. You cannot get legionellosis from drinking contaminated water,nor can you get legionellosis from skin exposure to contaminated water.You can only get legionellosis if you inhale the water.

Thats why disease outbreaks tend to be tied to HVAC systems. Once abacterial colony is present in a cooling tower or humidifier, the bacteriacan become airborne by way of the ducts and fans in the HVAC system.

In the case of legionellosis, the risk cannot be measuredbecause it is too complicated. Transmission can vary,susceptibility varies, and allthe various factors makeit impossible to measurethe risk. If you cannotmeasure the risk, bydefinition you cannotminimize it, clarifiesWilliam McCoy.

What can be done, hesays, is to use practicesthat will control, reduceor eliminate the hazardthat can lead to illness.

Reducing the hazard

The emergency protocol for decontaminating wet-type-heat rejection systems usually involves the use ofchlorine and dispersants, which help increase theefficiency of biocides. For systems with significantlegionella problems, a residual of as much as 3 ppm freechlorine may be used, but this level of chlorine cancompromise piping systems if used on an ongoing basis.When decontaminating a potable water system, thebacteria can generally be effectively controlled byincreasing water temperatures to above 60C.

Decontaminating systems

Hazard A biological entity.Risk The probability that the hazard

will cause harm.


Cooling tower cited in outbreak

with Roger Grochmal

What can you do? To cope with those who are

unreasonable, I have a

customer satisfaction

guarantee where I will refund

the entire amount of a service

plan but with the agreement

that they must seek out

another contractor. I then put

their account in our Do Not

Service category. You would

be amazed at how many

customers will call back to do

business with you because

they can't get what they want

elsewhere.


Our businesses are under assault every day andwe may not even know it. We all havecustomers who make unreasonable demands.

These are the ones who want us to throw everythingin; they complain about everything after the fact toget a concession on the invoice; and more often thannot, they are slow payers.

My teams time and efforts aremuch better spent exceedingthe expectations of our bestcustomers than waging anendless battle with people whowill never be happy.

The cost of getting a newcustomer is about $300. Thecost of keeping a bad customercan easily exceed that, sosometimes we have to fire acustomer.

In the old days, you couldignore them, shoot them a high price to scare themoff, or tell them to get lost. You can't do that today.Customers have a voice; it's called the internet, andthey are not hesitant to use it.

They also have media ombudsmen who can be like adog with a bone getting a resolution for their listener.Its a battle you cant win. The odds are stackedagainst you.

Its a good idea to keep an eye online to see whatcustomers are saying about your company not justto hear the good stuff, but to learn from the negativefeedback as well.

In addition to doing monthly customer service phonesurveys, at AtlasCare we encourage our customers touse Homestars (web-based consumer rating site) toshare reviews about their experiences with ourcompany. Sure, we love the positive comments andratings, but we pay equal attention to the people

who dont give us a highmark, or who use this forumto share a beef with ourcompany.

If someone does trash yourcompany online, exploreevery opportunity torespond and resolve thematter. We always make apoint to post a response to anegative review onHomestars and make everyeffort to resolve the conflict.

Once you have resolved thematter with the customer,

ask that they agree to retract their statement, orfollow up with a post that recognizes what you did.The worst thing you can do for your brand and yourreputation is to ignore the issue most of the time,customers just want to know youre listening.

Remember, you can win the battle and lose the warat the expense of your reputation. I once knew acontractor who told me that he only needed toservice each home in the Greater Toronto Area onceand he would have a lifetime of work. With socialmedia and the internet, that's not possible today.

Roger Grochmal is the chairmanand CEO of AtlasCare inOakville, Ont. To submit a

question about your company,business practices, or the industry

in general, send an e-mail toMechanical Business magazineseditor, Adam Freill, adam.freill@

mechanicalbusiness.com.

If youre not using an onlinecustomer feedback mechanismlike Homestars, set up a GoogleAlert with your company name asthe search term. You can get by-the-minute, daily or weekly e-mailalerts that tell you when yourcompany name is mentioned. Its afast and easy way to see whatpeople are saying.

Get Google Alerts

Protecting your reputation,and your bottom line

Visit us at www.bosch-climate.us for further product information.

Bosch utilizes a host of diverse technologies to achieve optimum thermal efficiency.

Tankless Water Heaters. Solar Thermal Panels. Condensing Boilers. Heat Pump Water

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COMMERCIAL PLUMBING By Denise Deveau

Anyone running a commercial kitchen knows that theyreenergy and water hogs. In fact, they are the highestcommercial users of energy up to five times higher

than retail stores, for example.

Third on the energy consumption list at these facilities is waterheating, which accounts for 17 per cent of costs. Reducing hotwater usage is not always a complicated exercise, however.Something as simple as low-flow aerators or insulating pipes candeliver substantial savings to customers in this market segment.

Because commercial kitchens are so dependent on hot water tofunction, and meet sanitation and safety standards, its crucial todesign water heating systems that can always meet peakdemands. In a poorly designed kitchen, however, getting hotwater to faucets can take an inordinate amount of time.

From a sanitation standpoint the goal is to reduce hot waterwait time to 10 seconds or less. A wait time of 11 to 30 secondsis considered borderline and 30 seconds or more is unacceptable.

Choosing the right equipment and fixtures plays a key part inoptimizing a hot water system, because they are regularly usedand the easiest to remove and replace. These include thedishwasher, pre-rinse spray valves and aerators on hand sinkfaucets.

Low-flow, high-performance pre-rinse spray valves are considered tobe the single most cost-effectivepiece of equipment for waterand energy savings incommercial kitchens.

By way of example, a 0.64 gpmspray valve can save 100 thermsand $330 annually compared to a 1.6 gpm valve. Whencompared to a high-flow valve (4.5 gpm), the savings would be

400 therms and $1,350. Bear in mind thatwater pressure needs to be over 30 psi

in order for them to work well.

Aerators are also an inexpensivewater-saving innovation that can beused at hand-washing stations or inlavatories. Many restaurants still usehigh-flow aerators (e.g. 2.2 gpm).However, in most cases lower flowrates will not affect performance.

Getting into less hot water


DESIGNING FOR SAVINGSThe placement of sinks and equipment in relation tothe water heater can help reduce water waste, as wellas standby heat losses from the hot water piping. Thisis important in ensuring efficiency and performance ofthe distribution system. Surprisingly, energy and watersavings are not always considered in the design stage,but there are many opportunities at this point toenhance the overall performance of the system.

The two most commonly used distributionsystems in foodservice are simpledistribution, with supply piping and noreturn loop; and continuous recirculation,with supply piping with a return loop

and pump.

A simple distribution system is reliable and compatiblewith all types of water heaters, however there can bedelays in hot water delivery depending on the lengthor diameter of the distribution line. This type of sy stemis typically used in facilities where distribution lines areless than 60 feet.

Continuous recirculation circulates hot water at 140For more through the main distribution line and back t o


Were committed to providing innovative solutions that can help you get the job done.

Thats why Delta allows you to order and install a variety of electronic faucet roughs and trims separately. Our pre-assembled roughs are pre-plumbed and factory-tested to ensure quality and help save you installation time and hassle. And the trims can be ordered when youre ready for them no more worrying about storing or misplacing them during the project.

For more information, visit deltacommercialfaucets.ca or specselect.com.

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continued from page 42


the heater, ensuring a constant supply in the trunk line. Speedof delivery of hot water can depend on the branch and twigpipe size (i.e. volume of water in pipes between the trunk lineand point of use).

A recirculation pump timer can be installed toreduce operating costs of these systems. This canbe timed to operate only when the restaurant isin operation. An aquastat can also beintegrated so that the pump only r unswhen the temperature in the returnloop falls below a specified value.

Other things that can improvedistribution system performance arecentralizing the water heater in or nearthe kitchen to minimize pipe runs toequipment and fixtures; and installingpoint-of-use heaters for remote hand sinksto eliminate the need for hot water lines.

Dishwashers deserve a special mentionsince they are by far the largest consumersof water in a commercial kitchen,accounting for 40 per cent of total hotwater loads. David Zabrowski, director ofengineering for PG&E Food ServiceTechnology Center, notesthat there have been hugereductions in consumptionon the equipment side.Five years ago, flight-typemachines were using 400to 500 gallons per hour.The newest designs are at80 to 120.

Many operations are working with heat recovery from the wastesteam from dishwashers

Documents

November/December 2012