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November 19, 2006November 19, 2006 Copyright: Neerja Raman Reuters PicCopyright: Neerja Raman Reuters Picss
11
Getting to DiamondGetting to Diamond
Harnessing ICT as a Driver of Economic and Social Development Harnessing ICT as a Driver of Economic and Social Development Frontiers of Knowledge for AfricaFrontiers of Knowledge for Africa
UUniversity Leaders’ Forum, University of Cape Town, Nov 18-21, 2006niversity Leaders’ Forum, University of Cape Town, Nov 18-21, 2006
Neerja RamanNeerja Ramanhttp://neerja.raman-net.comhttp://neerja.raman-net.com
Senior Research Fellow, Stanford UniversitySenior Research Fellow, Stanford University(fmr.) Director, Strategic Planning and Imaging Systems Lab, HP Labs(fmr.) Director, Strategic Planning and Imaging Systems Lab, HP Labs
Author:Author:
The Practice and Philosophy of Decision Making: A Seven Step Spiritual GuideThe Practice and Philosophy of Decision Making: A Seven Step Spiritual Guide
November 19, 2006November 19, 2006 Copyright: Neerja Raman Reuters PicCopyright: Neerja Raman Reuters Picss
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Getting to DiamondGetting to Diamond What is it and why we care?What is it and why we care?
Role of UniversitiesRole of Universities
Case StudiesCase Studies ICT for InnovationICT for Innovation ICT for Public Healthcare ICT for Public Healthcare
Peek into the FuturePeek into the Future Technology areas for researchTechnology areas for research Business model issuesBusiness model issues
November 19, 2006November 19, 2006 Copyright: Neerja Raman Reuters PicCopyright: Neerja Raman Reuters Picss
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Getting to Diamond: why do we care?Getting to Diamond: why do we care?
healthy economy = healthy middle-classhealthy economy = healthy middle-class
Population 4B <= $2.00/day
Population 4B >= $??2.00/day
November 19, 2006November 19, 2006 Copyright: Neerja Raman Reuters PicCopyright: Neerja Raman Reuters Picss
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Technology Essential to Technology Essential to Address Higher Learning Address Higher Learning
ChallengesChallenges
““..higher-education institutions are ..higher-education institutions are challenged to change their modes of challenged to change their modes of operation in order to respond operation in order to respond effectively and efficiently to the effectively and efficiently to the needs of an innovative needs of an innovative developmental economy..”developmental economy..”
Education Minister Naledi PandorEducation Minister Naledi Pandor
BuaNews (Tshwane), November 5, 2006 BuaNews (Tshwane), November 5, 2006
Role of Universities
November 19, 2006November 19, 2006 Copyright: Neerja Raman Reuters PicCopyright: Neerja Raman Reuters Picss
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The Internet – circa 1474
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The Internet - circa 2000
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And it will be rich media
0105
paper1450
printing1870 electricity,telephone1947 transistor
1950 computinglate 1960s internet
1993 the web1999
source: uc berkeley
40,000 bccave
paintingsbone tools
3500 bc
writin
g
105paper
1450printin
g
1870 electricit
y,telephon
e1947 transisto
r
1950computing
1993the web 1999
57m tb
(add 24m) 57m
(add 12m) 33m
(add 6m) 21m
(add 3m) 15m
tbmore data will be created in the next 3 years . . .
. . . than in the last 40,000 years combined
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Innovation ImperativesInnovation Imperatives Affordable (earn to pay)Affordable (earn to pay)
Pay-for use business modelsPay-for use business models Small loans, installment Small loans, installment
paymentspayments Income generationIncome generation
Accessible (rural, tribal)Accessible (rural, tribal) Mobile (un-tethered)Mobile (un-tethered) Low energy consumptionLow energy consumption e-distribution e-distribution
November 19, 2006November 19, 2006 Copyright: Neerja Raman Reuters PicCopyright: Neerja Raman Reuters Picss
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ICT for InnovationICT for InnovationEight year old Jenni-Lee Mason experiences computerEight year old Jenni-Lee Mason experiences computer
November 19, 2006November 19, 2006 Copyright: Neerja Raman Reuters PicCopyright: Neerja Raman Reuters Picss
1010
The 3T's The 3T's Digital Equalizer Program Digital Equalizer Program
http://www.aifoundation.orghttp://www.aifoundation.org Technology: Hardware InfrastructureTechnology: Hardware Infrastructure
A typical DE center contains multimedia computers (a minimum student to computer ratio of A typical DE center contains multimedia computers (a minimum student to computer ratio of 4:1) loaded with Windows/Linux Operating System, power broadband networking, internet 4:1) loaded with Windows/Linux Operating System, power broadband networking, internet connectivity and other peripheral digital technologies (including printers, digital cameras, connectivity and other peripheral digital technologies (including printers, digital cameras, projection system, digital telescopes, etc.) projection system, digital telescopes, etc.)
Tools: Software, internet and learning toolsTools: Software, internet and learning toolsAll DE centers come equipped with a comprehensive software tools package that includes All DE centers come equipped with a comprehensive software tools package that includes Open Office, regional language fonts and browser capabilities in addition to grade-appropriate Open Office, regional language fonts and browser capabilities in addition to grade-appropriate curriculum software and project-based learning resources that emphasize sound pedagogical curriculum software and project-based learning resources that emphasize sound pedagogical techniques techniques
Training: Student, teacher and school administrationTraining: Student, teacher and school administrationA fundamental USP (Unique Selling Proposition) of the DE program is the emphasis on self-A fundamental USP (Unique Selling Proposition) of the DE program is the emphasis on self-sufficiency and capacity-building within the school system via training. The DE program sufficiency and capacity-building within the school system via training. The DE program includes an extensive 3-year training component intended for the different participants within includes an extensive 3-year training component intended for the different participants within the school system: students, teachers and school administration. The comprehensive training the school system: students, teachers and school administration. The comprehensive training component includes computer basics, use of popular productivity tools (MS Office, Open component includes computer basics, use of popular productivity tools (MS Office, Open Office etc), internet for research, use of email and other digital technologies to help create Office etc), internet for research, use of email and other digital technologies to help create rich, multimedia content.rich, multimedia content.
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Sustainable growth model Sustainable growth model
170170 schoolsschools• Across 12 statesAcross 12 states• Govt level advocacyGovt level advocacy
20052005
20020077
Over 575Over 575 schools (400 new)schools (400 new)• 3 large govt programs 3 large govt programs • Impact assessment, metricsImpact assessment, metrics• Pilot new technologiesPilot new technologies
2000 schools2000 schools• Cost reduction initiatives in pilotsCost reduction initiatives in pilots• Replicate large scale implementationsReplicate large scale implementations• English enrichment in curriculumEnglish enrichment in curriculum20062006
20020088
5000 schools5000 schools• Internships for DE GradsInternships for DE Grads• Achieve nearly 100% Achieve nearly 100%
sustenance ratesustenance rate
200% CAGRKey Success Factor: PartnershipsGovernment Partnership – Punjab State Govt.Corporate Partnership – Premji foundationCommunity Partnerships
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Click to ClunkClick to ClunkHewlett Packard Labs Book Factory ProjectHewlett Packard Labs Book Factory Project
Repository
Enterprise Data Center
AutomaticCrop/Deskew
Text Segmentation
Contrast Enhancement &
Compound documentImage compression
Auto-Extraction ofTable-of-content
& LinksOCR
PDFScannedImages
User-DirectedGround Truth
optional
Archive.org
De Young Museum
University of Toronto
…
• Process 180 books per hour per server• Have already processed about 1400 books from Archive.org• Targeting hundreds of thousands of books
ProductionWorkflow
BookOrder form
Archive.org
optional
Facsimile color capture
inkjet LaserJet
Indigo
“THE WEB”
Books for the Blind
optional
November 19, 2006November 19, 2006 Copyright: Neerja Raman Reuters PicCopyright: Neerja Raman Reuters Picss
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Public Healthcare SystemPublic Healthcare System
Mobile, location Mobile, location aware integrated aware integrated systemsystem SurveillanceSurveillance On-demandOn-demand
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Smart Spend for Surveillance SystemsSmart Spend for Surveillance Systems
Tuberculosis - $1B on 100yr old tech. $300M suppliesTuberculosis - $1B on 100yr old tech. $300M supplies ““Industry has limited knowledge of market size, Industry has limited knowledge of market size,
character, geographic dimension”character, geographic dimension” Industry-Government partnerships can alleviate “burden Industry-Government partnerships can alleviate “burden
of disease”of disease”
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Disease SurveillanceDisease Surveillancehttp://rdvp.org/fellows/2006-2007/shashank-garghttp://rdvp.org/fellows/2006-2007/shashank-garg
WhatWhat: : Reduce “burden of disease” on stakeholders (communicable e.g. Reduce “burden of disease” on stakeholders (communicable e.g. TB and non-communicable e.g. Cardiovascular)TB and non-communicable e.g. Cardiovascular)
Improved community healthImproved community health
How: How: Portable, GPS equipped device for field workerPortable, GPS equipped device for field worker Data uploaded for analysis to central systemData uploaded for analysis to central system Actionable predictive capabilityActionable predictive capability
Why BetterWhy Better: Replaces current paper based system, timely trend detection: Replaces current paper based system, timely trend detection Improved reachImproved reach Reduction in error ratesReduction in error rates
Success MetricSuccess Metric: 50 % greater reach in five years and eradication of : 50 % greater reach in five years and eradication of selected diseases (TB, Malaria, Polio, …) in selected marketselected diseases (TB, Malaria, Polio, …) in selected market
Government, Hospital and Pharmaceutical Partnerships formedGovernment, Hospital and Pharmaceutical Partnerships formed
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Remote Specialist
Web PortalMatch-making, Scheduling, Medical Records
In the field Doctor
http://www.tele-healthcare.orghttp://www.tele-healthcare.orgOn-DemandOn-Demand
November 19, 2006November 19, 2006 Copyright: Neerja Raman Reuters PicCopyright: Neerja Raman Reuters Picss
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Internet + computing = affordable access
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Analog EraAnalog media and
equipment dominate
Digital EraDigital media and
equipment dominate
File- & Network-Based Era
Data files and servers dominate
TODAY
transition transition
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Medium bandwidth Medium bandwidth wirelesswireless
High quality digital High quality digital cameracamera
Full multimedia, Full multimedia, cellphone, streaming cellphone, streaming videovideo
Powerful processorPowerful processor GPSGPS
Tomorrow’s Multifunction ApplianceTomorrow’s Multifunction Appliance
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Tomorrow’s Digital ContentTomorrow’s Digital Content
Data TransmissionData Transmission
Data CollectionData Collection
Data RelationshipsData Relationships
November 19, 2006November 19, 2006 Copyright: Neerja Raman Reuters PicCopyright: Neerja Raman Reuters Picss
2020
Individualized Mass Communication AutomatedIndividualized Mass Communication AutomatedIndividualized Mass Communication AutomatedIndividualized Mass Communication Automated
Your Customer
Your Company
Final Document100% uniquedocumentcreated forprint.
TemplateFlexible templatecontrols how contentflows into final document.
Media Asset SelectionRelevant contentselected based on profile.
Profile Unique customer profile created.
1
2
3
5
4
Information acquired via Internet, e-mail, phone, etc.
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Business Model IssuesBusiness Model Issues
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Emerging Economies Emerging Economies
employeeemployee base is socially disadvantaged base is socially disadvantaged (poverty, education, health, attitude..) (poverty, education, health, attitude..)
create a new create a new marketmarket or grow an existing one in or grow an existing one in a new geographya new geography
innovationinnovation e.g. new technology can leapfrog e.g. new technology can leapfrog the existing business models so you need a the existing business models so you need a new market to prove that new market to prove that
November 19, 2006November 19, 2006 Copyright: Neerja Raman Reuters PicCopyright: Neerja Raman Reuters Picss
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Sustainability PrincipalSustainability Principal
It is not from the benevolence of the It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker that we butcher, the brewer, or the baker that we expect our dinner, but from their regard expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest.to their own interest.
Adam SmithAdam Smith Economist, Philosopher 1723 - 1790Economist, Philosopher 1723 - 1790
November 19, 2006November 19, 2006 Copyright: Neerja Raman Reuters PicCopyright: Neerja Raman Reuters Picss
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More difficult to acquire capitalMore difficult to acquire capital
Motivators are differentMotivators are different Problems are more challenging as they cut Problems are more challenging as they cut
across geographies, socioeconomic groupsacross geographies, socioeconomic groups Has often been considered the job of Has often been considered the job of
governments (social sector)governments (social sector) No language to convert “social currency” to No language to convert “social currency” to
moneymoney Social currency can easily disappearSocial currency can easily disappear Public-Private partnerships are new!Public-Private partnerships are new!
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But really, it’s not But really, it’s not thatthat new! Share Principal new! Share Principal
Share status (just not the same) – Share status (just not the same) – Culture of trust and respect for the individualCulture of trust and respect for the individual
Share informationShare information Employees deserve to know Employees deserve to know
Share the wealth – employeeShare the wealth – employee profit sharing, fair wages, employee growthprofit sharing, fair wages, employee growth
Share the wealth – communityShare the wealth – community even more important for a global companyeven more important for a global company
Sharing is not philanthropySharing is not philanthropy make business decisions for sustainability but not make business decisions for sustainability but not
profiteeringprofiteering
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The only difference I see..The only difference I see..
Business can take longer to become self-Business can take longer to become self-sustainingsustaining
The language of leadership is differentThe language of leadership is different Local knowledge is essential hence more Local knowledge is essential hence more
difficult to achieve scale by replication difficult to achieve scale by replication
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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
Partnership for Higher Education in AfricaPartnership for Higher Education in Africa Stanford UniversityStanford University Reuters Digital Vision ProgramReuters Digital Vision Program Reuters Picture Archives (copyrighted)Reuters Picture Archives (copyrighted) American India FoundationAmerican India Foundation Hewlett Packard LabsHewlett Packard Labs
November 19, 2006November 19, 2006 Copyright: Neerja Raman Reuters PicCopyright: Neerja Raman Reuters Picss
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Thank YouThank YouQ&AQ&A
Neerja RamanNeerja Ramanhttp://neerja.raman-net.comhttp://neerja.raman-net.com
Senior Research Fellow, Stanford UniversitySenior Research Fellow, Stanford University(fmr.) Director, Strategic Planning and Imaging Systems Lab, HP Labs(fmr.) Director, Strategic Planning and Imaging Systems Lab, HP Labs
Author:Author:
The Practice and Philosophy of Decision Making: A Seven Step Spiritual GuideThe Practice and Philosophy of Decision Making: A Seven Step Spiritual Guide