Novel Method Gas Separation-Presentation

8/10/2019 Novel Method Gas Separation-Presentation

1/43

By: Chris Wilson

For: Senior Capstone 2008


2/43

Overview

Current process

New process

Economic comparison


3/43

Natural Gas Processing

The Way it is Done Current process

Remove excess water

Remove acid gas Dehydrate

Remove mercury

Remove nitrogen

Separate NGL (ethane, and heavier hydrocarbons)


4/43


Everything Together


5/43

Water removal

Removes free liquid water

and condensate gas

Sends the gas to arefinery

The water goes to waste


6/43


Everything Together


7/43


Acid Gas Removal Hydrogen sulfide

Mercaptans

Carbon dioxide

Acid gas removal processes

Amine treating

Benfield process

Sulfinol process

others
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hydrogen-sulfide-3D-vdW.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Carbon-dioxide-3D-vdW.svg


8/43


Amine Treatment Most common used amines

Monoethanolamine

Diethanolamine Diisopropylyamine

Methylethanolamine

Hydrogen sulfide goesthrough a Claus process
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ethanolamine-3D-vdW.png


9/43


Amine Treating


10/43


Sulfinol Process Used to reduce H2S, CO2,

and mercaptans from gases

Great for treating largequantities of gas

Solvent absorbs the sour gas

Sulfolane is used
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Sulfolane-3D-balls.png


11/43


Sulfinol Process


12/43


Everything Together


13/43


Glycol Dehydration Method for removing the water vapor from the gas

Usable glycols Triethylene glycol

most commonly used

Diethylene glycol

Ethylene glycol

Tetraethylene glycol

Works by having the glycol adsorb the water
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ethylene-glycol-3D-vdW.png


14/43


Glycol Dehydration


15/43

Pressure Swing AdsorptionAdsorbent material is

used

Gas and material go

under high pressure Material adsorbs the gas

( H2S, mercaptans, CO2)

Disadvantages Requires high pressures

Slow cycle times


16/43



17/43

Mercury removal Current Processes

Activated carbon through chemisorption. Activatedhas extremely high surface area

Mercury can damages aluminum heat exchangers

Those used in cryogenic processing plants Those use in liquefaction plants


18/43



19/43

Nitrogen Rejection Processes that can reject

nitrogen

Cryogenic process

Absorption process (usinglean oil or solvent)

Membrane separation

Adsorption process(activated carbon)


20/43


Cryogenic Process Common refrigerants used

Most common method for removal of impurities suchas nitrogen

Disadvantages Must reach extremely low temperatures

Only useful for large scale production


21/43


Lean Oil Removal

Lean oil is fed countercurrent with the wet gas

Temperature and pressure are set to allow for thegreatest absorption of unwanted gases


22/43


Membranes Driving force

Partial pressure

Type of material determinepermeability

kDP

D = diffusion coefficient (cm2/s)

k = Henrys law sorption

coefficient (cm3/cm3cmHg)

2

1

P

P

P1= Permeability of component 1

P2= Permeability of component 2

N l G i


23/43


Economics


24/43

Demethanizer


25/43

Demethanizer The next step is to recover

the NGLs

Process

Cryogenics using a turbo-expander can be used

This is the most common Lean oil adsorption can be

used here


26/43


Cryogenic Process


27/43

NGL recovery


28/43

NGL recovery

Now the rest of theliquid is fed to threeunits

Deethanizer

Debutanizer

Depropanizer

Process

Each sent to adistillation column


29/43

Sweetening NGLs


30/43

Merox Processes Mercaptan oxidation

Removes mercaptans from Propane

Butane

Larger hydrocarbons



31/43


Another Process


32/43

Novel Method

Technical informationmomentarily not available dueto IP issues

However economics will becompared


33/43

Novel MethodAdvantage

More cost effective than any previous methods

Less environmental impacts than previous methods

Separates all contaminants

Separates each component

Everything is done using one process


34/43

Novel Method


35/43

Current Method


36/43

Economics - Amine TreatingEquipment Description Price ($)

Column - 1 4.88 meters tall, 2,02 meters in diameter $23,000

Column - 2 6.71 meters tall, 3.60 meters in diamter $58,000

Heat exchanger - 1 530 square meters $59,000

Heat exchanger - 2 615 square meters $69,000

Pump 38,000 gallon flow, 235 psi rise $68,000

Total $277,000

Cost of Equipment

Utilities Price ($/hr)

Cooling Water 19,800 gallons/hr ($0.08/1000kg) $5.98column reboiler 139 million BTU/hr ($6 per million BTU) $834

Pump 97.53 Kw ($0.06/Kw) $5.85

Total $845.83

Operating Costs


37/43

Amine Treating - Simulation


38/43

Economics - Demethanizer

Utility Price ($/hr)

Cooling water using $0.08 per 1000 kg of cooling water $1.17

Electricity Two compressors and an expander $116.25

Total $117.42

Operating Costs

Equipment Description Price

Column Diamter of 1.53 meters, Height of 8.54 meters $25,000

Heat exchanger 1 Area of 1055 square meters $118,287

Heat exchanger 2 Area of 15.6square meters $1,874

Heat exchanger 3 Area of 113.12 square meters $12,796


Heat exchanger 5 Area of 261.7 square meters $29,440Heat exchanger 6 Area of 6.8 square meters $890


Refrigerant For a 10 year period $880,000

Expander 1200 KW output $370,000

Compressor Compresseing to pressure of inlet for deethanizati $50,000

Compressor 2 $190,000

Compressor 3 Bringing methane back to pipeline pressure $640,000Pump $3,000

Total $2,325,657

Cost of Equipment


39/43

Demthanizer - Simulation


40/43

Economics - Dethanizer

Equipment Price

Column 8.7 meters tall, 1.86 meters in diameter $32,000

Cost of Equipment

Utility Price

Reboiler (8 million Btu's needed, 6 dollars/million BTU) $48

Operating Costs


41/43

Deethanizer - Simulation


42/43

Economics

Current $4,111.45 $6.74 $7.49

A $8,239.58 $1.24 $2.74

B-best $7,194.03 $0.98 $2.29

C-worst $16,697.63 $2.75 $5.80

Current $3,697.91 $6.74 $7.41

A $7,459.32 $1.24 $2.60

B-best $6,523.00 $0.98 $2.17

C-worst $14,372.45 $2.75 $5.37

100%

70%

Fixed Capital Investment

(per 1000 cubic feet)

Operating Costs (per

1000 cubic feet/day)

Annulized Cost

(perday)


43/43

Built in ErrorEquipment Costs $16,800,000

Operating Costs $435/hr

Novel Method - Error for the Worse

Equipment Costs $3,441,657

Operating Costs $1,011/hr

Current Process

Equipment Costs $6,600,000

Operating Costs $155/hr

Novel Method - Error for the Better

Documents

Novel Method Gas Separation-Presentation