NOVEL AND THEIR TRANSLATIONS IN EMPAT TAHUN PERTAMA · perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id But whatever you do, commit to user v MOTTO “Dare to dream, dare to achieve, dare

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AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES AND QUALITY OF

NOMINAL GROUP’S PREMODIFIERS IN THE FIRST FOUR YEARS

NOVEL AND THEIR TRANSLATIONS IN EMPAT TAHUN PERTAMA

THESIS

Presented as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for Sarjana Degree at English Department

By:

Nabila Steffi Pradipta

C0307041

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LETTER AND FINE ART

SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY

2013


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MOTTO

“Dare to dream, dare to achieve, dare to make it happen!”

“You will never reach your destination if you stop and throw stones at every dog that

barks”

(Winston Churchill)

“Start by doing what is necessary, then do what’s possible, and suddenly you’re doing

the impossible.”

(Saint Francis of Assisi)

“If you can’t fly, then run. If you can’t run, then walk.

If you can’t walk, then crawl, But whatever you do,

You have to keep moving forward.”

(Martin Luther King Jr.)


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DEDICATION

I dedicate this thesis to:

My Beloved Dad and Mom

My Cherished Grandparents

My Dearest Brother and Sister

My Lovely Big Families

My Lovable Friends

My Precious Teachers

My Dreams, My Future and My Life

Everyone who always supports me


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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First of all, I would like to express and to praise my gratitude to

Allah SWT for His bless and guidance and making it possible for me to

complete this thesis entitled An Analysis of Translation Techniques and

Quality of Nominal Group’s Premodifiers in “The First Four Years” Novel

and Their Translations in “Empat Tahun Pertama”. Besides, all the

supports I received during all these times from the people around me have

encouraged me to defeat any difficulties and challenges to accomplish this

thesis. For this cause, I would like to give my special appreciation from

the bottom of my heart to those who always cheer for me:

1. The Dean of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts of Sebelas Maret

University, Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed, Ph.D, for approving this

thesis.

2. The Head of English Department, Drs. Agus Hari W., M.A., Ph.D,

for allowing me to conduct this thesis.

3. My academic supervisor, Dyah Ayu Nila Khrisna, S.S., M. Hum,

thank you for the support and guidance.

4. My thesis consultant, Prof. DR. Djatmika, M.A., thank you for

your advices, guidance and kindness during the process of

accomplishing my thesis.


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5. The raters, Bayu Budiharjo, S.S., Sumardiono, S.S., M.Hum, and

Heri Nababan, S.S., M.Hum, my gratitude for your kindness, help

and cooperation.

6. The lecturers of English Department, thank you for all the

knowledge and lessons you have been taught me all these times.

7. My beloved dad, mom, brother and sister, thank you for always

loving, caring, motivating and supporting me no matter what.

8. My precious big families, R. Oemar Sahid Mangkuredjo’s Family

and Marjuki Dirdjo Darmoyo’s Family, thank you for the love,

supports and prayers.

9. My dearest friends: Ardhana, Fitriana, Umu, Sari, Karina, Oshi,

Hepi, Rizky, Oge, Cawid, Zico, Titan, Widya, Widy, Bagir, Yun,

Sandra, Langga, Shermine, Makna, Safitri, Zain, Tidy, Mas

Dharmo, Mas Rossi and all my friends that regretfully I can not

mention here one by one, thanks for always caring, loving and

cheering for me.

10. The big family of ED ’07, thank you for the friendship and life-

experience we’ve shared together.

11. All employees of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts of Sebelas Maret

University.

12. Everyone who always supports and encourages me.


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I have done my very best in completing this thesis but I realize that

nothing is perfect as well as this thesis. For that reason, suggestions

and criticisms will sincerely be accepted for this thesis

improvement.

Surakarta, December 19th

2013

Nabila Steffi Pradipta


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE................................................................................................................. i

APPROVAL BY THE SUPERVISOR............................................................ ii

APPROVAL BY THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS........................................ iii

PRONOUNCEMENT........................................................................................ iv

MOTTO.............................................................................................................. v

DEDICATION................................................................................................... vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT................................................................................. vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................. x

LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................. xiii

ABSTRACT........................................................................................................ xv

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

A. Research Background.................................................................. 1

B. Research Limitation..................................................................... 9

C. Problem Statements..................................................................... 10

D. Research Objectives..................................................................... 10

E. Research Benefits.........................................................................11

F. Thesis Oganization.......................................................................12


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CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW

1. Translation................................................................................... 14

1.1 Definition of Translation ..................................................... 14

1.2 Translation Strategies.............................................................15

1.3 Translation Techniques.......................................................... 18

1.4 Problems in Translation......................................................... 28

1.5 The Quality Assessment of Translation................................. 32

1.5.1 Accuracy....................................................................... 32

1.5.2 Acceptability................................................................. 33

2. Nominal Group’s Premodifier..................................................... 35

2.1 English Nominal Group’s Premodifier.................................. 35

2.1.1 Nominal Group............................................................. 38

2.1.2 Premodifier................................................................... 40

2.2 Indonesian Nominal Group’s Premodifier............................. 47

3. The First Four Years (Empat Tahun Pertama)............................ 50

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOOGY

A. Research Type and Design...........................................................51

B. Data and Source of Data.............................................................. 52

C. Sample and Sampling Technique.................................................53

D. Method of Data Collection...........................................................53

E. Technique of Data Analysis......................................................... 57


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CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

A. Introduction.................................................................................. 59

B. Analysis....................................................................................... 60

1. Classification of Nominal Group’s Premodifier.................... 60

2. Translation Techniques.......................................................... 65

3. The Quality Assessment of Translation................................. 95

3.1 Accuracy.......................................................................... 104

3.2 Acceptability.................................................................... 110

C. Discussion.................................................................................... 115

1. Translation Techniques Employed in Translating the

Nominal Group’s Premodifier in The First Four Years........ 116

2. The Accuracy of the Translation of Nominal Group’s

Premodifier in Empat Tahun Pertama................................... 122

3. The Acceptability of the Translation of Nominal Group’s

Premodifier in Empat Tahun Pertama................................... 128

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusion................................................................................... 134

B. Suggestions.................................................................................. 136

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDICES


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LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 2.1. The Differences between Translation Strategies and

Techniques................................................................................... 21

Table 3.1. Scale of Translation Accuracy..................................................... 56

Table 3.2. Scale of Translation Acceptability............................................... 57

Table 4.1. Classification of Data................................................................... 60

Table 4.2. Amplification............................................................................... 66

Table 4.3. Borrowing.................................................................................... 68

Table 4.4. Compensation.............................................................................. 70

Table 4.5. Description................................................................................... 71

Table 4.6. Discursive Creation...................................................................... 72

Table 4.7. Established Equivalence.............................................................. 75

Table 4.8. Generalization ............................................................................. 77

Table 4.9. Linguistic Amplification.............................................................. 79

Table 4.10. Literal Translation........................................................................ 81

Table 4.11. Modulation................................................................................... 83

Table 4.12. Particularization........................................................................... 84

Table 4.13. Reduction..................................................................................... 85

Table 4.14. Transposition................................................................................88

Table 4.15. Synonymy (Lexical Synonymy).................................................. 89


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Table 4.16. Couplet, Triplet, Quadruplet ..................................................... 91

Table 4.17. Translation Techniques................................................................ 95

Table 4.18. Accuracy Level of the Translation............................................... 96

Table 4.19. Acceptability Level of the Translation........................................ 99

Table 4.20. Accuracy Scale.............................................................................102

Table 4.21. Acceptability Scale...................................................................... 103

Table 4.22. The Relationship between Translation Techniques and

Accuracy...................................................................................... 123

Table 4.23. The Relationship between Translation Techniques and

Acceptability................................................................................ 129


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ABSTRACT

Nabila Steffi Pradipta. C0307041. 2013. An Analysis of Translation

Techniques and Quality of Nominal Group’s Premodifiers in The First Four

Years Novel and Their Translations in Empat Tahun Pertama. Thesis:

English Department, Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts. Sebelas Maret

University, Surakarta.

This research belongs to a descriptive qualitative study. This research

focuses on the translation techniques and quality of nominal group’s premodifiers

in The First Four Years novel by Laura Ingalls Wilder and its Indonesian

translation Empat Tahun Pertama by Djokolelono. The purposes of this research

are to find out the function of nominal group’s premodifiers, the translation

techniques employed by the translator in translating the premodifiers and the

quality (accuracy and acceptability) of the translation of premodifiers.

This research employs a total sampling technique as the sampling

technique which means the researcher takes the sentences containing premodifiers

in The First Four Years novel which are translated into Bahasa Indonesia in

Empat Tahun Pertama. There are two kinds of data used in conducting this

research; primary and secondary data. The primary data consists of 378 numbers

of sentences containing nominal group’s premodifiers. The secondary data are the

results of the questionnaires which are distributed to the raters.

The result of the data analysis shows that there are 251 describing

premodifiers and 169 classifying premodifiers. The number of describing and

classifying premodifiers exceeds the number of data because some sentences

containes more than one premodifier or multiple premodifiers in a nominal group.

The translation techniques used by the translator in translating the nominal

group’s premodifiers are: a) amplification (31 data or 8.20%), b) borrowing (pure

borrowing (3 data or 0.79%) and naturalized borrowing (4 data or 1.06%)), c)

compensation (6 data or 1.59%), d) description (9 data or 2.38%), e) discursive

creation (11 data or 2.91%), f) established equivalence (76 data or 20.11%), g)

generalization (11 data or 2.91%), h) linguistic amplification (14 data or 3.70%),

i) literal translation (21 data or 5.56%), j) modulation (1 data or 0.26%), k)

particularization (5 data or 1.32%), l) reduction (44 data or 11.64%), m)

transposition (26 data or 6.88%), n) synonymy (9 data or 2.38%), o) couplet

(couplet (92 data or 24.34%), triplet (13 data or 3.44%), quadruplet (2 data or

0.53%)).

The findings of the research reveal that out of 378 translations of nominal

group’s premodifiers in Laura Ingalls Wilder’s The First Four Years, 165 data

(43.65%) are accurate, 160 data (42.33%) are less accurate and 53 data (14.02%)

are inaccurate. The average score of the accuracy level of the whole translations is


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2.5. Meanwhile, the analysis on the acceptability level of the translations shows

that there are 241 data (63.76%) considered as the acceptable translations, 123

data (32.54%) considered as the less acceptable translations and 14 data (3.70%)

considered as the unacceptable translations. The average score of the acceptability

level of the whole translations is 2.8.

The techniques, which produce the most numbers of accurate and

inaccurate translations, have the same results in the most numbers of acceptable

and unacceptable translations. Those techniques are established equivalence and

reduction. Established equivalence produces 63 accurate data (82.89%) while

reduction creates 37 inaccurate data (84.09%). Besides, established equivalence

makes 70 acceptable data (92.11%) and reduction produces 13 unacceptable data

(29.55%).

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NOVEL AND THEIR TRANSLATIONS IN EMPAT TAHUN PERTAMA · perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id But whatever you do, commit to user v MOTTO “Dare to dream, dare to achieve, dare