NOTES—WHAT IS DENSITY?

Density is the amount of mass per unit of volume; it describes how much matter is packed into a space.

NOTES—WHAT IS DENSITY?

Density is a characteristic property of matter

A characteristic property does not depend on size (it will not change even if the amount of matter changes); therefore density is not dependent on the shape or amount of the substance

1mL of water has a density of 1g/cm3

1000 mL of water has a density of 1 g/cm3

It is used to identify one type of matter from another. The density of a pure substance is constant (at same

temperature and pressure); it never changes.

CALCULATING DENSITY

You need to measure an object’s mass and volume

Density is calculated using the formula:

Density = mass (g) ÷ Volume (mL or cm3)

The basic unit for density is g/mL (liquid) or g/cm3 (solid or gas)

D= m v

When solving math problems, always show all work (even when using a calculator)

STEPS: Rewrite the formula Substitute measurements into formula Solve, circle, and label units

CALCULATING DENSITY

Calculating density practiceMUST SHOW WORK

Mass (g) Volume (cm3) Density (g/cm3

or g/mL)

200 200 mL

500 10 cm3

700 1000 mL

SIZE AND DENSITY-- Does the density of a substance change if the

amount changes? The density of a pure substance does not

change if the size or amount changes For example:

Find the density of a wooden block

if mass=8g and

volume= 10cm3

Density= ______ If the block is cut in half

Mass= Volume= Density =

Did the density change? No, because the ratio of mass to volume is all relative

NOTES—WHAT IS DENSITY?

Most dense least dense

The more space between the atoms, the less dense the substance is.

In general, solids are more dense than liquids liquids are much more dense than gases, but less dense than solids gases are the least dense of all

STATES OF MATTER AND DENSITY

First, compare the density of the object/substance to the liquid it is in.

If an object/substance is more dense than the liquid, it will sink

If an object/substance is less dense than the liquid, it will float

If an object/substance’s density is the same as the liquid, it won’t sink or float to the top; it will move toward the center of the liquid

How can you tell if something will float or sink in a liquid?

How can you tell if something will float or sink in a liquid?

The density of water is 1 g/mL.Do you know why ice floats on water?The density of ice is .92 g/cm3

For example: •certain types of wood have a density of .8 g/cm3, so they will float in water.

•Steel has a density of 7.8 g/cm3, so it will sink in water.

•See it in action: http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/phy03_vid_zoil/ •http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/balloon/science/density/fillingsans.html

Ships and boats are often made of steel. Why do they float on water?

http://adventure.howstuffworks.com/cruise-ship.htm/printable http://adventure.howstuffworks.com/cruise-ship.htm/printable

How is density of matter effected by heat energy?

As temperature increases, so does the amount of energy The more energy a substance has:

The more space between its molecules The less dense it is

That’s why…

Solids are usually the most dense phase of matter

The molecules are tightly packed.

Solids maintain (keep) definite shape and volume.

The molecules don’t move around; they vibrate

Solids have little energy

How is density of matter effected by heat energy?

Liquids are less dense than solids

There is more space between the molecules

Liquids do not have a definite shape, but do have definite volume.

The molecules move slowly, sliding past one another; liquids have more energy than solids

An exception to the rule: Ice is less dense than liquid water. Do you know why?

How is density of matter effected by heat energy?

Gases are the leastleast dense phase of matter

There is a lot of space between molecules

Gases do not have definite shape or volume; they fill the container they are in.

The molecules move very quickly; they have high energy.

As the molecules gain heat energy, they move faster and will expand (spread apart)

As the molecules lose heat energy, they move slower and will contract (move closer together)