8/10/2019 Notes to the Walloon Dictionary

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/notes-to-the-walloon-dictionary 1/13

Notes to the Walloon Dictionary jwr47

IntroThe Encyclopaedia Britannica identified Walloon as the "northern-most Romance language".Walloon is distinguished from other languages in thelangue d'oïl family both by archaism comingfrom Latin and by its significant borrowing from Germanic languages, as expressed in its phonetics,its lexicon, and its grammar . t the same time, Walloon phonetics are singularly conser!ati!e thelanguage has stayed fairly close to the form it too# during the $igh %iddle ges. Walloon is a most interesting source of !owel correlations, because with the help of Walloon wemay understand why the &'()- or &'i)-initiations may be understood as !owel structures,representing &() or &i) respecti!ely the &G)-initial as an e*ui!alent of &(). +n this language the &'()or &'i) is a !owel, which is related to the &i).

%ost samples for !owel symbolism ha!e been deri!ed from the Walloon wadesh list appendixand other sources/ ..0rom '(12ef 3 4oseph we understand that Walloon inserts a &') as a header for &4osph). Thereforewe may assume leading &'()-letters may be read as a simple &4).

lso '(e2us-5ri 3 4esus 5hrist illustrates that the name'iu '(u or 'i6 God may loose its &')- prefix and be e*ui!alent to &+u), &4u) in 4upiter or &(i) in the ego-pronoun 0rench &(e) .7f course the word &d(o8) for &day) may also be e*ui!alent to 0rench &(our) day .

nd &d(usse) &correct) is related to 9nglish &(ust).The ego-pronoun d(i &+) correlates to se!eral symbolic roots

• the word &d(in) for &man) human being• the word &deus) for &two)• the word &d(o8) for &day)• the words &'iu ), &'(u) or &'i6) for &God)• the word &d(aey:) for &walnut)• the word &d(usse) for correct)

s a language Walloon, which has stayed fairly close to the form it too# during the$igh %iddleges, these correlations suggest that the ego-pronoun had been embedded in a !owel symbolism

centered around &'iu ), &'(u) or &'i6) for &God).

9specially the 7scan and 7ther +talic Languages, the ppulo ; barese and a!oy 0rench 'ialectsseem to pro!ide related symbolism in the lin#s between ego-pronouns and di!ine names.The most archaic 9uropean dialects such as Walloon, a!oy and ardinian 5ampadese dialects allused a header letter &') or alternati!ely &<) for their ego-pronouns. +n contrast the di!ine namein these languages mostly starts with a leading &').

/ 0ree Walloon 'ictionary

8/10/2019 Notes to the Walloon Dictionary

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/notes-to-the-walloon-dictionary 2/13

OscanThe 7scan ego-pronoun &íív) may also ha!e spread to other dialects in which (=( and>( e!en stillcarry the apostrophe-accentuated dual (-structure?

• (=( in ppulo ; barese which also usesium=n as word &human being) - a sort of +@-man• (i inAarese, for example & ji so) &+ am)

B

• (=( in bru22ese adriatico - pescarese • + in %archigiano %eridionale - scolano • >( in %olisano in which i(ud is used for &human being)C

• (e in Deapolitan Dapulitano napE • e(e in +rpinian "Fallatese" Deapolitan

+ noticed the +talic dialects including 7scan seemed to a!oid inserting a leading &') to their pronouns, whereas the Walloon language, the a!oyan and ardinian dialects all inserted theleading &') or &<) to their ego-pronouns.This rule seemed to be applied for all words starting with an &i) or &().

WalloonWalloon howe!er seemed to insert a &') for e!ery word starting with a &4), e!en for'(12ef ) and&'(e2us-5ri). The insertion seemed to depend on the accents for the syllables. The &') had to beinserted to allow the mouth to emphasi2e the last syllable.The emphasis shift is only needed for some Romance languages. +n 0rench the di!ine name inserteda leading &') although 4upiter had been copied from Latin without an additional &').9specially the name 4esus seems to be problematic in choosing the correct emphasis for syllables.

9nglish Walloon 'utch Gree# 0rench panish +talian4 seph '(12 H f 4 2ef 4os6ph 4osH Gius 6 ppe,

Aeppe, Ieppone

4o2 H fa4 sefien

4os6phe 4osHphine

4Hsus '(e2Js 4H2us 4Hsus-5hrist 4es J s GesK 4Jpiter '(Jpiter 4Jpiter 4 J piter 4Jpiter Gi !e - 'i J , '(J or 'i6 God - 'ieJ ' os ' o

4Jne '( J n M

4Jni 4u nGHnesis'(en 6 2e GHnesis NOPQ Sgen6se 4Hw '(w f 4 d 4u f

Table 1: Emphasis for Joseph, Jesus and Diu

+ am not sure about the emphasis in'i J , but it should follow the rules for 0rench, which shifts theaccent towards the end of the word in'ieJ .

trange as it may seem the 0rench do not insert a leading &') to 4upiter.

? wadesh list for DeapolitanB Aari dialect - Linguistic features C lingua croata molisana E wadesh lists for +talian languagesM 0rom7ld 0rench juin , from Latin i nius , from the name of the goddess 4uno.

8/10/2019 Notes to the Walloon Dictionary

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/notes-to-the-walloon-dictionary 3/13

Correlating Walloon, Italic, Sardinian, Savoyan and Provencal dialects5orrelations between Walloon and +talic, ardinian, a!oyan and Iro!encal dialects may beillustrated in an o!er!iew. +n order to reconstruct the Walloon wordd(in + also trac#ed the &human being)-words alongside the ego-pronouns. The ppulo ; barese word &ium=n) and %olisano &i(ud)suggests to understand these &man)-designators as +@-man, which also may ha!e been interpretedin d(in if we remo!e the inserted leading &'). This deletion lea!es a &(in), which seems to matchium=n and i(ud. lso the old-Iersian ego-pronoun &adamU) correlates the &ego) to creation legends.

Language 'ialect 9go-pronoun human being The di!ine nameWalloon Walloon d(i &+) d(in 'iu , '(u or 'i67scan 7scan ! humun 'iJ!e 4upiter+talic ppulo ; barese (=( ium=n +talic Aarese (i+talic bru22ese (=( ummn=

+talic %olisano !olise"#la$ic V la!icin southern +taly

>( i(ud

+talic Deapolitan (e Xmmo +talic +rpinian "Fallatese" Deapolitan e(e hommen +talic icilian iu omu 'iu

ardinian 5ampidaneseY d6u 'eua!oyan central-east Th1nes, %essery dHZd6 d(u, '[@a!oyan central ix, nnecy '9 '[@a!oyan central-east Th1nes, %essery dHZd6 d(u, '[@a!oyan central-east lbert!ille '9 de(e8, de2ye8a!oyan south-east illon-Fieux d6a!oyan south-east ussois de deua!oyan doa!oyan south-east r\ches dyea!oyan south-east %ontagny, Ao2el d2eu d2ou, d26, d(eu, 'yeua!oyan south-east 51te- ime d2oua!oyan 2dea!oyan central-east Aessans, Gietta2 2e '[@, de2yeu, d2ye8a!oyan central-east 5ordon 2he d2hyu , d2ua!oyan central-east 5hamonix 2hou d(yua!oyan central-east Tignes, Fal-d=+sère 2ou

2ounhIro!encal Dimes [iou ']ou

Table %: &orrelating alloon, (talic, #ardinian, #a$oyan and )ro$encal dialects

U + meaning, definition, synonyms - Word ense.eusagners sla!istische sammlung

Y $ieroglyphs in +ndo-9uropean Languages

8/10/2019 Notes to the Walloon Dictionary

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/notes-to-the-walloon-dictionary 4/13

Etymology of Walloon samples for vowel symbolism

Personal Pronouns

Do. 9nglish Walloon walon/ + d(i mi? you singular !os

The divine name “Dju” The di!ine name is missing in the wadesh list and always will ha!e to be searched in extraneoussources.

s a child + li!e alongside the Walloon border area and + remember to ha!e used the di!ine name&Dom de '(u) 0rench &Dame of God) , spo#en as &Donded(u), which had been considered as a

mild curse.Therefore the Walloon s#y-god=s name must ha!e been &'(u) - related to 0rench &'ieu). +nWi#ipedia the name has been defined as *i Bon Diu or Bon Diè , respecti!ely Diè /_ .

• Dju rl a 'iu. rl a nodid(u.

Num ersThe word &deus) for &two) correlates to the ego-pronound(i,

?? one on, on#

?B two deus

!an and Woman

BM woman femeBU man adult male omeB man human being d(inC_ wife femeC/ husband omeC? mother mameCB father pa

4oseph '(12ef

"o#el #ords in the S#adesh $ist

MU egg o8UC eye ouy

/_ Aon 'iu

8/10/2019 Notes to the Walloon Dictionary

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/notes-to-the-walloon-dictionary 5/13

"o#el #ordsGenerally all &'()-words relate to 0rench e*ui!alent &4)- or &G-)-words, which may be illustrated by some samples

• djaive 3 !isage face , probably related to gueuye 3 mouth. 0rom7ld 0rench goule &mouth) , fromLatin gula &gullet, throat) .

• 'i6 w`de 3 Aye Z Goodbye 0arewell , 0rench dieu• d(aey: 3 Juglans regia , 9nglish walnut // .• djawe f.n. 1. tchife. 0. (oue. 3Cheek • djeu 1 o.n. 1. sacw6 po d(ouwer. 0. jeu, jouet. 2. s1re di d(ouwaed(e. 0. (eu, amusement,

di!ertissement. 3 a!e , play• djeu 2 o.n. !: mot d= cins:1. bw6s tra!ay:, on mete long, #= on mete apr6s les coines des

bo8s #i saetch6t des tch`rs, des tcherowes. 3"oke .• '(e2us-5ri 3 #esus 5hrist• d(onne 3 young/?• djo$di rl a d(udi. 3#eudi %hursday• Djuda &. n.d(. on# des do2e su(heus da '(e2us-5ri. 3#udas• d(udi o.n. cwatrinme d(o8 del samwinne, li cHn#inme po les '(wifs et ls rabes. rl a

diyou. /B 3 #eudi %hursday• Djur'd (sint) sint fiesti el Walonreye, #= a dnH l= no ` !iyaed(e diint-'(ur`d aint-

*rard .• Do$ n.pl. ancyin ptit ban del Walonreye, e 0.Dour (re+ion)• #u,iler rl a- Djou,eyire.

%nimals

CM bird ou(hea, moxhonC louse piou

Water

/E_ water aiwe/E? ri!er aiwe

Colors

/U? red rod(e/UB green !ert/UC yellow d(aene/UE white blanc/UM blac# noer

blue bleu/C

// !: d(aey: pla#e/? Walloon language/B '(udi sint u Alanc d(udi u d(udi des set6s egli(hes d(udi di d!ant I`#e. rl a d(o8. 'isfondowes d(8di, d(udi,

d(8d , d(ud , d(o8di, d(ouw6di, d(e8di, d(w6d , d(6di, d( di, d(idi, d( d miersipepieu2mint al mape LW B, CB .9timolod(eye latHn "dies 4o!is" d(o8 d= '(upiter, di6 des Romins , a!ou racolaed(e t:xhon "4o!is, dies" '(upiter-d(o8 .

/C Le dictionnaire explicatif mois par mois - a!ril

8/10/2019 Notes to the Walloon Dictionary

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/notes-to-the-walloon-dictionary 6/13

%nti&odes

/UU night nute/U day d(o8/ B new no!ea/ C old !:/YMcorrect d(usse

8/10/2019 Notes to the Walloon Dictionary

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/notes-to-the-walloon-dictionary 7/13

Overview of the Notes on Dictionaries and Vocabularies• Dotes to theWalloon 'ictionary• Dotes to the as/ue 'ictionary• Dotes to the Fowels , +, @ in0u!erian %urkic ssyrian kkadian a3ylonian

+aritic 5ittite 6uwian roto80inaitic 6inear 9+ha! :unes 9rkhon languages• Dotes on a othic Glossary• Dotes on a aelic ; ;an< 'ictionary• The trange Lin# Aetween0u!erian 9-Words and the 0candinavian -Words• Dotes to9scan and 7ther &talic Languages• Dotes to theCuneifor! 9ld - ersian cripture• Dotes to 9tymons of=n+lish Words / ?M• ome Dotes to "9tymons of=n+lish Words" by 4ohn Thomson / ?M • The 9go-pronouns and 'i!ine Dames in 0avoy 0rench 'ialects• &[iou) &']ou) in the dialect of Ni!es - Iublished //Z/EZ?_/?•

Dotes to the%urkic :unic lphabet - Iublished _U Z ?_ Z ?_/?• The +7-Words in theWelsh 'ictionary - Iublished _M Z ?? Z ?_/?• nalysis of lfric=s Language 9ld =n+lish text - before /_?E Iublished _M Z ?/ Z ?_//• The Wycliffe Aible Iublished /? Z ?C Z ?_/_ - Reads Y?M• ...

8/10/2019 Notes to the Walloon Dictionary

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/notes-to-the-walloon-dictionary 8/13

Appendix Walloon !wadesh list "#

No. =n+lish Walloonwalon

/ + d(i mi

? you singular !osB he i^luC we nos no21tesE you plural !os^!o21tesM they i^2elsU this ci

that oulaY here chal, droci/_ there la, l`!`

// who #:/? what cw6/B where wice/C when cwand/E how comint/M not nHn/U all tot/ many br`mint/Y some sacwants

?_ few p1?/ other 1te?? one on, on# ?B two deus?C three troes?E four cwate?M fi!e cHn# ?U big grand? long longou?Y wide l`d(eB_ thic# s i p6sB/ hea!y pe2antB? small p i titBB short courtBC narrow s i troetBE thin mwinreBM woman femeBU man adult male omeB man human being d(in

/E Walloon wadesh list

8/10/2019 Notes to the Walloon Dictionary

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/notes-to-the-walloon-dictionary 9/13

BY child efantC_ wife femeC/ husband omeC? mother mameCB father pa

CC animal biesseCE fish pexhonCM bird ou(hea, moxhonCU dog tchHnC louse piouCY sna#e sierpintE_ worm haleneE/ tree `beE? forest bw6s

EB stic# bastonEC fruit frutEE seed grinneEM leaf foyeEU root raeceneE bar# of a tree schoiceEY flower fleur M_ grass yebeM/ rope coide

M? s#in peaMB meat tch`MC blood son# ME bone oxheaMMfat noun cr`xheMU egg o8M horn coineMY tail caweU_ feather plomeU/ hair tch i !ea, poyaed(eU? head tiesseUB ear orayeUC eye ouyUE nose ne2UM mouth bo#eUU tooth dintU tongue organ linweUY fingernail ongue

_ foot p:/ leg d(ambe

8/10/2019 Notes to the Walloon Dictionary

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/notes-to-the-walloon-dictionary 10/13

? #nee d( i noB hand mwinC wing aileE belly !inteM guts boyeas

U nec# hatrea, go2: bac# dos

Y breast pwetreneY_ heart cour Y/ li!er foeteY? to drin# boereYB to eat magn:YC to bite hagn:YE to suc# suc:

YM to spit raetch:YU to !omit r i n`der Y to blow shofler YY to breathe respirer /__ to laugh rire/_/ to see !ey/_? to hear 1re/_B to #now sa!eur /_C to thin# tu2er

/_E to smell sinti/_M to fear a!eur peu/_U to sleep doirmi/_ to li!e !i#er /_Y to die mori//_ to #ill touwer /// to fight si bate//? to hunt tchess://B to hit bouxh://C to cut c1per //E to split p`rti//M to stab//U to scratch greter // to dig sch`!ler //Y to swim ned(:/?_ to fly !oler /?/ to wal# roter /?? to come ! i ni/?B to lie as in a bed co8#:/?C to sit ashir

8/10/2019 Notes to the Walloon Dictionary

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/notes-to-the-walloon-dictionary 11/13

/?E to stand astamper /?M to turn intransiti!e tourner /?U to fall tchair , toumer /? to gi!e d i ner /?Y to hold t i ni

/B_ to s*uee2e s i trinde/B/ to rub froy:/B? to wash nety:/BB to wipe xhorbi/BC to pull saetch:/BE to push po8ss:/BM to throw taper /BU to tie loy:/B to sew #eu2e

/BY to count conter /C_ to say dire/C/ to sing tchanter /C? to play d(ouwer /CB to float floter /CC to flow couler /CE to free2e d(aler /CM to swell infler /CU sun solea

/C moon lune/CY star s i toele/E_ water aiwe/E/ rain plou!e/E? ri!er aiwe/EB la#e la# /EC sea mer /EE salt sH/EMstone pire/EU sand s`!lon/E dust po8ssire/EY earth tere, daegn/M_ cloud n8l\ye/M/ fog brouy`rd/M? s#y cir /MBwind !int/MCsnow ni!aye/MEice glaece/MMsmo#e foumire/MUfire feu

8/10/2019 Notes to the Walloon Dictionary

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/notes-to-the-walloon-dictionary 12/13

/M ash cinde/MY to burn bro8ler /U_ road !oye/U/ mountain montinne/U? red rod(e

/UB green !ert/UC yellow d(aene/UE white blanc/UM blac# noer /UU night nute/U day d(o8/UY year an\ye/ _ warm tch1d/ / cold froed

/ ? full plin/ B new no!ea/ C old !:/ E good bon/ M bad m`!a , mwais/ U rotten pouri/ dirty mannet, m`ss:/ Y straight droet/Y_ round rond

/Y/ sharp as a #nife c1pant, awi(h:/Y? dull as a #nife diswi(h:/YB smooth lisse, do8s/YC wet frexh/YE dry setch/YMcorrect d(usse/YU near pr6s/Y far lon/YY right droete?__ left hintche?_/ at a?_? in dins?_B with a!ou?_C and et, eyet?_E if si?_M because pas#i?_U name no

8/10/2019 Notes to the Walloon Dictionary

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/notes-to-the-walloon-dictionary 13/13

$ontents+ntro....................................................................................................................................................../

7scan...............................................................................................................................................?Walloon............................................................................................................................................?5orrelating Walloon, +talic, ardinian, a!oyan and Iro!encal dialects.........................................B

9tymology of Walloon samples for !owel symbolism.........................................................................CIersonal Ironouns............................................................................................................................CThe di!ine name &'(u)....................................................................................................................C Dumbers...........................................................................................................................................C%an and Woman..............................................................................................................................CFowel words in the wadesh List....................................................................................................CFowel words....................................................................................................................................E

nimals............................................................................................................................................EWater................................................................................................................................................E5olors...............................................................................................................................................E

ntipodes.........................................................................................................................................M7!er!iew of the Dotes on 'ictionaries and Focabularies....................................................................Uppendix Walloon wadesh list .........................................................................................................