Notes to Oscan and Other Italic Languages

8/10/2019 Notes to Oscan and Other Italic Languages

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Notes to Oscanand other Italic languagesjwr47

This essay is part of the analysis of correlations between etymological and religious symbolism ofthe ego-pronouns, the divine names and the words for eternity.

In Oscan the special characters and for the long vowels of [i:] and [u:] have been added to thealphabet.

The Oscan ego-pronoun v! preserves the typical I"!-core of #upiter and $%&%, which may

carry the symbolism for the archaic philosophy. 'lso the personal pronouns tiium (you!), iusc(they!) and ikle(day!) are using I"-cores.

In *icilian the ego-pronoun is I"+, which matches to the Oscan ego-pronoun v!.

The Oscan ego-pronoun v! may also have spread to other dialects in which and even stillcarry the apostrophe-accentuated dual -structure/: in 'ppulo 0 barese 1 i in 2arese1 in'bru33eseadriatico -pescarese1 I in 4archigiano4eridionale - 'scolano1 in 4olisano1 andeein Irpinian56allatese5 7eapolitan.

The 8truscan s9y-god Tinia (which is related to yaus) does not seem to correlate to Oscan ;;v!.Instead dive0 forJovi0 #upiter, found at the Oscan Tablet, relates to the ego-pronoun ;;v!.

In Oscan the doubling of vowels was used to denote length. The e? @AB C.

+ Iu-Dronoun

/ *wadesh list for 7eapolitanC Eong-I: (Long i), , transcribes a long i-vowel FiGF in Eatin. It stands in for theape


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OscanOscanis an e


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he moon

In 8truscan languagethe words for moon! and month! had been defined as tiur, tivr, tiu11, whichmay suggest a correlation between the god I", diPve;! (#ove, "-piter) and Tiu! (the moon).

&a' di;9PlPs - dies- a day+/,spelled with a long i!:di;9PlPs

he deit' inia

In 8truscan the word tin is the day, and Tinia13is the divine name Nod+U. Tinia was also part of thepowerful 5trinity+5 that included 4enrvaand "ni(the eWuivalent of #uno).

he deit' &iuvei (%ove)

In the Oscan Tabletthe name of #ove (Niove) has been spelled &iuvei#which includes a iu!-core:

&iuvei *erehasiui- Niove 6irgator1

&iuvei +egaturei- Niove Dluvio1

,'m-olic tokens. and in the Oscan al"ha-et

8specially both additional+R symbols at the end of the alphabet may be considered as symbolicto9ens and for the long vowels of [i:] and [u:].

The native Oscan alphabet and a transliteration are as follows.

++ 8truscan language+/ di;9PlPs in Oscan+C inia(also in, inh, insor Tina) was the god of the s9yand the highest god in 8truscan mythology, eWuivalent to

the=oman#upiterand theNree9Xeus.+U 8truscan language

+ 4enrva was part of a holy triadwith Tiniaand "ni, later reflected in the =oman Kapitoline Triadof#upiter,#uno,and 4inerva.

+Q Tabula Osca+R The two new letters and have been invented during the Uth century 2K8

Fig. 1 !scan al"#a$et %from !scan language & 'i(i"edia)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_languagehttps://it.glosbe.com/osc/it/di%C3%ADk%C3%BAl%C3%BAshttps://it.glosbe.com/osc/it/di%C3%ADk%C3%BAl%C3%BAshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menrvahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscan_Tablethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_languagehttp://www.wordgumbo.com/ie/cmp/osca.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(god)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(god)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triad_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitoline_Triadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minervahttp://www.sanniti.info/smagnony.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscan_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_languagehttp://www.wordgumbo.com/ie/cmp/osca.htmhttps://it.glosbe.com/osc/it/di%C3%ADk%C3%BAl%C3%BAshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(god)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triad_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitoline_Triadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minervahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menrvahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_(mythology)http://www.sanniti.info/smagnony.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscan_Tablethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscan_language


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/riting conventions 0or vowels

&hen Oscan was written in the Nree9 alphabet, it used an alphabet identical to the standard, withthe addition of %etafor the sound [h] and another letter for the sound denoted in the native alphabet

by *. The letters +and do not indicate Wuantity.

*ometimes, the clusters +-and denote the diphthongs FeiF and FouF respectively while /-and o0are saved to denote monophthongs FiGF and FuGF in the native alphabet. Other times, /- and o0 areused to denote diphthongs, in which case odenotes the FuGF sound.

The letters andare graphically derived from andI, and do not appear in the oldest writings.The represents an o-sound, andis a tense [Y].

oubling of vowels was used to denote length1 the e


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he evolution 0rom oscan1s long 2 (22) to dou-le 2 (/)

In Toscan the long letter " had been doubled and transformed to &, which may be identified in thewebsite Old Italic alphabets, in the last symbol transforms from ancient, dotted double "(6) to themodern letter &.

In fact the Oscan ego-pronoun iivmay be correlating to iivv %Tiw!).

Oscan alphabet

North Picene alphabet21

Middle Adriatic / South Picene alphabet

/+ stelefrom7ovilara

Fig. 5 6iddle 7driatic 8 9out# :icene

Fig. ;


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,outh 3icene language an ancient Italic language (formerly referred to as Old *abellic [Old*abellian], or Kentral 'driatic) 9nown from some two do3en short inscriptions (th and Qthcenturies bc) found in east-central Italy,primarily in the region of present-day Teramo(the southern

part of ancient Dicenum). //

// *outh Dicene
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/297474/Italyhttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/297474/Italyhttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/587778/Teramohttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/587778/Teramohttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/556346/South-Picene-languagehttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/556346/South-Picene-languagehttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/297474/Italyhttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/556346/South-Picene-languagehttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/587778/Teramo


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/U three tr;s tr\yes

/ four pettiur 9ètw_res

/Q five pPmpe p\n9è

/R big maimas

/S long dluh g_s

/ wideCV thic9 ben

C+ heavy gèrh -

C/ small mala9s mey-

CC short mreP-

CU narrow h en-

C thin t\nh us

CQ woman usurs g`n, h esor-

CR man h nr, wi%r_sCS person humuns mnus

C child

UV wife

U+ husband

U/ mother maatre;s m\h tr

UC father patir tta, ph tr

UU animal

U fish du-

UQ bird h \wis

UR dog w

US louse 9nid-, luhs-

U sna9e h engwi, neh tr-

V worm j k

+ tree d_ru (genitive dr\ws)

/ woods

C stic9 hasto-, ha3dho-

U fruit seed

Q leaf

R root wr\h ds

S bar9

flower fluus-

QV grass 9oino-

Q+ rope

Q/ s9in pel-, tw\9os

QC meat mms-, 9reuh -

QU blood jq qq jk


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Q bone h ost-, 9ost-

QQ fat smeru-

QR egg h wy_m

QS horn 9eg-, er-

Q tail

RV feather R+ hair pulh -

R/ head 9aput-, gebelo-

RC ear h ows-

RU eye h o9`-, h e9`-

R nose qq xB

RQ mouth h oh s-

RR tooth dunte[s] h d_nts, emb-

RS tongue fangvam k z{q R fingernail h n_g(r)o-

SV foot pedP pds

S+ leg 9ro9s9o

S/ 9nee _nu | n\w-g

SC hand manim \s-ro-, mar-, man-

SU wing

S belly udero-

SQ guts eh ter-

SR nec9 mon-

SS bac9

S breast peg-, psten-

V heart }~j }j k

+ liver q j k

/ drin9 pibisus peh i-, h eg`-

C eat edum h ed-

U bite g`ruh-, den-, h ed-

suc9 deh (i)-Q spit sp(y)eu-

R vomit wem-, h reug-

S blow wt-, weh -

breathe pneu-

+VV laugh (s)mei-

+V+ see der-, weyd-

+V/ hear lew-

+VC 9now neh -, weyd-

+VU thin9 tong-

+V smell h ed-


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+VQ fear

+VR sleep drem-

+VS live gèi% w-

+V die mer-

++V 9ill gèn-

+++ fight++/ hunt

++C hit pleh 9-

++U cut lamtir

++ split

++Q stab

++R scratch gerb-

++S dig

++ swim n\h -u-+/V fly pet-, gèl-

+/+ wal9 gred-

+// come cebnust gèm-, gèh -

+/C lie leg-, ey-

+/U sit sed-

+/ stand sta;t steh -

+/Q turn

+/R fall

+/S give didet deh -

+/ hold seg-

+CV sWuee3e

+C+ rub melh -

+C/ wash leh w-, neyg`-

+CC wipe

+CU pull

+C push

+CQ throw swep-+CR tie bend-

+CS sew syuh -

+C count

+UV say de;9um

+U+ sing 9an-

+U/ play

+UC float

+UU flow

+U free3e

+UQ swell


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+UR sun q k

+US moon ~q k

+U star h str

+V water aapam a9`-, h ep-

++ rain anafr;ss h e9mon-

+/ river h e9w-eh -

+C la9e h ep-

+U sea

+ salt sal-

+Q stone h e9mon

+R sand

+S dust pers-

+ earth teras d\m

+QV cloud n\bos+Q+ fog sneudh-

+Q/ s9y

+QC wind ewero-

+QU snow sneigwh-

+Q ice yeg-

+QQ smo9e duh m_s

+QR fire h eh ter-, h \gnis

+QS ashes h \s-no-, h \s-i-

+Q burn deg`h-, swel-, h ews-

+RV road v pent-

+R+ mountain g`erh -

+R/ red h rewd_s

+RC green

+RU yellow 9(e)nh9os

+R white h elb_s

+RQ blac9 sword_s, h ems-

+RR night n_9`ts

+RS day (/U h.)icolom (acc9)ikle (loc9) 5:

h eh-, dei-n-

+R year a9ene; ye%r-, wet-

+SV warm tep-, g`er-

+S+ cold gel-, el-

+S/ full kq

+SC new n\wos

+SU old senh _-

+S good ualaemom bed-, h su-

/ The 8uropean wordlistsfor /U I8 languages (by =inge, &arnow and Taylor /VV/)
http://www.cs.rice.edu/~nakhleh/CPHL/ie-wordlist-07.pdfhttp://www.cs.rice.edu/~nakhleh/CPHL/ie-wordlist-07.pdfhttp://www.cs.rice.edu/~nakhleh/CPHL/ie-wordlist-07.pdf


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+SQ bad mallom h wap-

+SR rotten

+SS dirty

+S straight

+V round 9wel-

++ sharp h ed-, h e-

+/ dull

+C smooth

+U wet wed

+ dry ters-

+Q right

+R near nessimas

+S far wi

+ rightside destrst des-/VV left nertra9 sewy_s

/V+ at a3 epi, opi, h ad

/V/ in -en (h )en, (h )en-ter

/VC with com 9om, pe

/VU and ;l;m 9`e, de, nu

/V if sva;

/VQ because

/VR name numne;s q ~q k

hold, support

seven seften

si< sehs

nine nvven

eleven

ten de9en

eight vhto

beautiful

breadcarry, bear ber-

brother fratrPm

cry

dar9

daughter

do

door dh\-

don9ey dhwer-, dhwor-

evening

fianc\


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fine

finger

god

horse

house er9wa, e9wo-

hunger domoslaugh

open

peace

pigFboar h epero-

place

read

sister swes_r-

son sP-soul

spring

tall

ten

village

want

wolf wil9wis

yesterday

to rule, to lead straight, to put right reg

be (to be) es-

blind 9ai9o-

bind, harness

honey melit-

twenty

forty

hundred

support, hold


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Contents

Oscan.............................................................................................................................................../The ego-pronoun ;;v .................................................................................................................../The divine names......................................................................................................................../#ustice........................................................................................................................................../The moon....................................................................................................................................Cay..............................................................................................................................................CThe deity Tinia............................................................................................................................CThe deity iuvei (#ove)...............................................................................................................C*ymbolic to9ens: and in the Oscan alphabet........................................................................C&riting conventions for vowels..................................................................................................UThe evolution from Toscans long " ("") to double " (&)......................................................

Oscan alphabet.......................................................................................................................7orth Dicene alphabet............................................................................................................4iddle 'driatic F *outh Dicene alphabet...............................................................................

*wadesh Eist for Oscan language...............................................................................................R

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Notes to Oscan and Other Italic Languages