NOTES: SUCCESSION

PP. 405-410

EARTH’S LAYERS

Geosphere• Earth’s rock interior that extends from

the core to the crustHydrosphere

• Portion of earth that is water

EARTH’S LAYERS

Atmosphere• Mixture of gases that surrounds

earth• 78% N2, 21% O2, 1% other gases (H2O , & CO2)

EARTH’S LAYERS

Atmosphere• Ozone: absorbs most of the

sun’s UV light.

EARTH’S LAYERS

Biosphere• Portion of earth that contains

life• ~ 9 km above surface and

~11km below surface

DISTURBANCE

Events that change communities, remove or destroy organisms

DISTURBANCE

Events that change communities, remove or destroy organisms

•Abiotic examples: droughts, fires, floods etc.

DISTURBANCEEvents that change communities, remove or destroy organisms

• Abiotic Examples: droughts, fires, floods etc. • Biotic Examples: elephants tearing up trees, prairie dogs moving soil for burrows etc.

• Human examples: bulldozing, paving etc.

STABILITY

Ability to withstand a disturbance and maintain constant conditions

STABILITY

Ability to withstand a disturbance and maintain constant conditions

Pattern seen:

↑species richness and ↑ evenness leads to ↑ stability

ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION

Sequential and gradual growth of a community

1. Primary succession occurs when community is first formed (expanding a community)

• Microbes, lichens and mosses must create soil before other plants can grow.

• Pioneer species: first species to dominate early in succession (small and fast growing)

• Climax Community: marked by the domination of long-lived species and great diversity

2. Secondary succession: occurs when succession must start over after the destruction of a climax community

2. Secondary succession: occurs when succession must start over after the disturbance of a climax community

• Takes place on sites that have already supported life

WHICH IS PRIMARY AND WHICH IS SECONDARY?

DAY BEFORE ERUPTION

1980 ERUPTION

TODAY

http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/asset/nat08_vid_travcom/

CREATE A DOUBLE BUBBLE FOR PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SUCCESSION

Place the following terms in bubbles•Takes ~100 years•Takes over 100+ years•Creates an ecosystem•Makes a new ecosystem•Makes a pre-existing ecosystem•Pioneer species•Disturbance occurred•Ecosystem expanding •Makes soil•Soil already present