Slide 2 Dynamic Earth Slide 3 Slide 4 Geosphere/Lithosphere
Slide 5 Earths Layers Slide 6 Plate Tectonics Slide 7 Earths
Internal Heat Engine Very hot material from the core heats the
materials above. The hot material expands and moves upward, and
cools as it nears the surface. The cold crust is then pushed back
down at plate boundaries. Image from:
wps.prenhall.com/.../1269/1300245/18fig12.gif Fig. 1.6 Slide 8 Sea
Floor Spreading Slide 9 www.adonline.id.au/plantevol/continents.htm
Movement of the Continents: The continents have not always been
where they are now. Over time they drifted across the surface of
the Earth, and continue to do so today. Slide 10 Pangea ~250 MYA
Slide 11 Gondwana ~200 MYA Slide 12
www.ig.utexas.edu/.../plates/pt.info.htm Slide 13 Plate motions:
The length of the arrows in the image below shows how fast the
plate is traveling in the direction indicated. So how do we know
these velocities so precisely? Slide 14 GPS: Global Positioning
System: A network of 24 satellites orbit the earth for use with
this system. Slide 15 Slide 16 Example of a convergent plate
boundary in Nepal. peace.sandiego.edu/ programs/nepal.html Slide 17
pubs.usgs.gov/publications/ graphics/FigS8-2.gif Example of a
Continent/continent collision: Indian and Eurasian plate Slide 18
www.cas.sc.edu/.../ images/GSG_CD/ earthquake.usgs.gov Most
divergent boundaries are out in the ocean. But there are a few
places they actually cross land. These regions are known as Rift
zones. Slide 19 San Andreas Fault Slide 20 Volcanoes Slide 21 How
Volcanoes Form Deep in the earth it is so hot that rocks melt. The
melted rock is called magma. The magma is lighter than the rocks
around it so it rises. Sometimes it finds a crack or hole in the
earths crust and bursts through. Slide 22 Volcano Formation Slide
23 Why do volcanoes erupt? Slide 24 Pressure builds deep in the
earth where the magma is. Suddenly the gases escape and violently
explode. It is kind of like toothpaste squirting out of a tube when
you give it a hard squeeze. Slide 25 Pyroclastic Flow fast-moving
currents of hot gas and rock which travel away from the volcano at
speeds more than 50mph. Slide 26 Earthquakes and Tsunamis Slide 27
Earthquake Damage landslides/mudslides fires ground shaking
tsunamis Slide 28 Tsunamis Slide 29 Tsunami Damage Slide 30 Warning
System Slide 31 The Epicenter Slide 32 The Atmosphere Slide 33
Slide 34 Slide 35 Hydrosphere Slide 36 Statistics for the earth's
water supply: Oceans 97.61% Polar Ice & Glaciers 2.08
Groundwater 0.29 Freshwater lakes 0.009 Saline Lakes 0.008 Soil
Moisture 0.005 Rivers 0.00009 Atmosphere 0.0009 Slide 37 Slide 38
The Hydrologic Cycle Slide 39 The Biosphere Slide 40 The Biosphere
Includes All Life on Earth a zone that extends from the ocean floor
upward several miles into the atmosphere The biosphere includes all
living organisms on Earth Slide 41
