31
Notes 1 RUSSIA AND JOYCE 1. S. Joyce, 1958, p. 63 (on Poles, see S. Joyce, 1971, p. 46). 2. On Pecherin, see E6in MacWhite, 'Towards a Biography of Father Vladimir S. Pecherin (1807-85) - A Progress Report and Bibliography', ed. P.J. O'Meara, Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 80, C, 7 (1980), 109-58. On Zubov (Roman Ivanovitch Zubof, 1866-?), see Charles F. Hammond, 'Roman 1. Zubof', a biographical introduction to Roman 1. Zubof, Viera: A Romance 'Twixt the Real and the Ideal (New York: The American News Company, 1890); this novel, though, was apparently on an English theme. On Litvinov, see Neil Cornwell, 'A Bolshevik in Belfast: an episode in the biography of Maxim Litvinov', Irish-Russsian COlltacts (Belfast: Irish Slavonic Studies,S, 1984), pp. 43-8. 3. Joyce's reference to the local language as 'Slavic' is of course correct, but only in the general sense; it is in fact a dialect of Croatian, known as cakavski. EHmann, however (1983, pp. 185-6) contrives several errors in his Pola account: the town is known now as 'Pula' (not 'puln; it is not 'ISO miles south of Trieste', but 75 miles (125 kilometres), although the road is such that it might seem twice as far; and, as for Joyce's three languages, 'Slavic' is transposed by Ellmann into 'Ser- bian', the very thought of which, now as then, would be liable to cause riots throughout Croatia. As these errors had already been made in EHmann's first edition (1959, pp. 191-2), it is surprising that they were not corrected by 1982, given EHmann's contacts with Yugoslav scholars (such details also have a habit of being perpetuated: see for example Maddox, 1989, p. 72). 4. See various essays in Melchiori, 1984; Manganiello, 1980. 5. Joyce continues (L, II, p. 182): 'Many eminent persons were consulted as to whether this was right of the said general. Among them was Father Bernard Vaughan [model for Father Purdon in Joyce's st0ry 'Grace']. He said, "If it were my case I would simply 'chuck' ,he woman II I suppose he was mis-reported by a reporter with a sense for verse.' 6. FW, 423, 15 (see Skrabanek, 1981, p. 4; McHugh, 1980, p. 423). Schaurek committed suicide in 1926. On the names 'Schaurek' and 'Joyce' (,yoyce' as pronounced in Trieste), for a suggestive etymology which corrects the 'garbled' version given by Ellmann (1983, p. 385) and involving the Slovene for 'eggs' (or 'testicles') and the Czech for 'scrotum', see Skrabanek, pp. 4-5. 7. Quoted from the translation of Francini given in EHmann, 1983, p. 187 (that in PoUs, 1986, p. 34, uses the less striking 'mud puddle'). Radek (see H.G. ScoU, 1977, p. 179) argues that 'a heap of dung is just as much a part of reality as the sun'. 145

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Notes

1 RUSSIA AND JOYCE

1. S. Joyce, 1958, p. 63 (on Poles, see S. Joyce, 1971, p. 46). 2. On Pecherin, see E6in MacWhite, 'Towards a Biography of Father

Vladimir S. Pecherin (1807-85) - A Progress Report and Bibliography', ed. P.J. O'Meara, Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 80, C, 7 (1980), 109-58. On Zubov (Roman Ivanovitch Zubof, 1866-?), see Charles F. Hammond, 'Roman 1. Zubof', a biographical introduction to Roman 1. Zubof, Viera: A Romance 'Twixt the Real and the Ideal (New York: The American News Company, 1890); this novel, though, was apparently on an English theme. On Litvinov, see Neil Cornwell, 'A Bolshevik in Belfast: an episode in the biography of Maxim Litvinov', Irish-Russsian COlltacts (Belfast: Irish Slavonic Studies,S, 1984), pp. 43-8.

3. Joyce's reference to the local language as 'Slavic' is of course correct, but only in the general sense; it is in fact a dialect of Croatian, known as cakavski. EHmann, however (1983, pp. 185-6) contrives several errors in his Pola account: the town is known now as 'Pula' (not 'puln; it is not 'ISO miles south of Trieste', but 75 miles (125 kilometres), although the road is such that it might seem twice as far; and, as for Joyce's three languages, 'Slavic' is transposed by Ellmann into 'Ser­bian', the very thought of which, now as then, would be liable to cause riots throughout Croatia. As these errors had already been made in EHmann's first edition (1959, pp. 191-2), it is surprising that they were not corrected by 1982, given EHmann's contacts with Yugoslav scholars (such details also have a habit of being perpetuated: see for example Maddox, 1989, p. 72).

4. See various essays in Melchiori, 1984; Manganiello, 1980. 5. Joyce continues (L, II, p. 182): 'Many eminent persons were consulted

as to whether this was right of the said general. Among them was Father Bernard Vaughan [model for Father Purdon in Joyce's st0ry 'Grace']. He said, "If it were my case I would simply 'chuck' ,he woman II • I suppose he was mis-reported by a reporter with a sense for verse.'

6. FW, 423, 15 (see Skrabanek, 1981, p. 4; McHugh, 1980, p. 423). Schaurek committed suicide in 1926. On the names 'Schaurek' and 'Joyce' (,yoyce' as pronounced in Trieste), for a suggestive etymology which corrects the 'garbled' version given by Ellmann (1983, p. 385) and involving the Slovene for 'eggs' (or 'testicles') and the Czech for 'scrotum', see Skrabanek, pp. 4-5.

7. Quoted from the translation of Francini given in EHmann, 1983, p. 187 (that in PoUs, 1986, p. 34, uses the less striking 'mud puddle'). Radek (see H.G. ScoU, 1977, p. 179) argues that 'a heap of dung is just as much a part of reality as the sun'.

145

146 Notes

8. On this affair, see Joyce's open letter (L, 2, pp. 438--40); and the biographical accounts in EHmann (1983), Maddox (1989) etc.

9. For references to Ludmila Savitsky [Ludmilla Savitzky) (1881-1957), see Ellmann, 1983, pp. 486-8, 561; SL, p. 265 and p. 278, in which Joyce refers (28 February 1921) to 'a hysterical letter from the translat­ress of the Portrait'.

10. Goldwasser, 1979, pp. 219-22. 'His father, Walter Frank Dixon, was an American citizen of British descent', who arrived in Russia in 1895, marrying 'Ludmilla Ivanova [sic) Bidzhevskaia'; Vladimir was brought up in Podol'sk, where his father worked for the Singer company (as, subsequently did he himself in Paris). He published books of poetry and prose in Russian in Paris (1924 and 1927); in 1930 his Stikhi i proza (,Poetry and Prose') was published, with a foreword by the well­known writer Aleksei Remizov.

11. See British Museum General Catalogue of Printed Books, London, 1960, vol. 53, col. 745 (publishers not given). See also, in addition to sources quoted by Goldwasser (p. 222), Gleb Struve, Russkaia literatura v izgnanii (New York: Chekhov Publishing House, 1956), pp. 333, 400; and, second edition (Paris: YMCA Press, 1984), pp. 72, 333.

12. Kapiton Denisovich Zaporozhets, a bass in the Bolshoi who subse­quently sang in Paris and London. The mis-spelling 'Zaporoyets', commonly found in Joyce literature, derives from a misunderstanding of the transliteration 'Zaporojets'.

13. The main sources for information on Ponisovsky (1901-44), and of course on Paul Leon, are his sister's memoirs (Noel, 1950 and 1970). Brian Boyd (1990), Nabokov's biographer, following Nabokov, spells the name 'Ponizovski'. On Leon, see Nadel, 1989, pp. 226-30.

14. Joyce's (unpublished) letter to Harriet Shaw Weaver of 27 May 1932, British Library, Weaver papers, # 5735G-53. Brenda Maddox (1989, p. 376) paraphrases this as 'Russians of all kinds, he says, gave him the shivers'. I am grateful to her for supplying me with the exact quotation and BL reference.

15. See Hubert Butler's essay of the same name, in his collection entitled The Children of Draney (Mullingar: Lilliput, 1988), pp. 186-96, referring to the 4051 children 'sent off to be killed in Poland from the transit camp at Drancy north of Paris' (p. 186).

16. The question of 'authority' in Joyce and Tolstoy has been discussed in a paper by Anna Tavis (1990, publication forthcoming).

17. International Review, II, 6 (31 May 1916), quoted from Manganiello, 1980, p. 245, n. 176. The claim made by Joyce for this story is so sensational that we should say a little about it. 'How Much Land Does a Man Need?' (1886) is one of Tolstoy's didactic stories, aimed at the peasantry and newly adult literate. In parable form, it relates the case of a man who, wishing to settle land on the edge of the Russian Empire, is allowed to claim as much land as he can get round on foot by sunset. His greed is such that he over-exerts himself, dropping dead as the sun sets. He is then buried. The answer to the question, therefore, is enough space for a hole in the ground which will accom­modate a body, with six feet of earth on top. No more, no less.

Notes 147

18. Vladimir Odoevsky (1804-69) is not an author whom Joyce is at all likely to have known, although some translations into French and German did exist (Le decameron russe, Paris, 1855; Magische Novellen, Munich, 1924). He does, however, have at least two further points of contact with Joyce, apart from his general encyclopaedism, which would have been to joyce's taste. One is his interest in Giordano Bruno, on whom he wrote an unfinished (and still unpublished) novel, and in a variety of early theosophical thinkers, as well as such romantic concepts as 'the reconciliation of opposites'. Secondly, Joyce's emphasis through Stephen Dedalus that 'the artist and his life are not distinct' (Ellmann, 1983, p. 364) is close to Odoevsky's romantic theory of the inseparability of an artist's art from his biography, best seen in his tale Sebastian Bach (a part of the Russian Nights cycle, completed in 1844). On Odoevsky, see the present author's study, V.F. Odoyevsky: His Life, Times and Milieu (London: Athlone Press, 1986).

19. For limited commentaries on the use of Russian and other Slavonic languages in the Buckley episode, and the Wake generally, see: Leem­ing, 1977; L.H. Scott, 1968; Skrabanek, 1981.

20. Could 'lugging up and laiding down his livepelts so cruschinly like Mebbuck at Messar' (FW, 344, 16) be a reference to this source? ('Me buck at mass' is one reading, while McHugh, 1980, supplies 'Nebu­chadnezzar' and Latin messa, harvest.)

21. Vishnevskii's diaries, 1938-40; quoted from Inostrannaia literatura, 11 (1989), pp. 241-2.

22. See Tall, 1980, p. 358, n. 9; Lidiia Chukovskaia, Zapiski ob Anne Akhmatove, vol. 1 (Paris: YMCA Press, 1976), p. 17; Inostrannaia lite­ratura, 11 (1989), p. 243.

23. See Cornwell, 1986, p. 13; for further detailed references to Pasternak scholarship, see the same study, especially pp. 52-5 and apparatus.

24. For a discussion of coincidence, symbolic patterning, Jungian 'synchron­icity' etc. in Doctor Zhivago, see Chapters IV and V of Cornwell, 1986.

25. Czeslaw Milosz, Emperor of the Earth: Modes of Eccentric Vision (Berke­ley: University of California Press, 1977), p. 246. Nicola Chiaromonte, The Paradox of History: Stendhal, Tolstoy, Pasternak and others (London, 1971), p. 125.

2 JOYCE AND THREE RUSSIAN CONTEMPORARIES

1. See his comments in 'Odisseia russkogo "Ulissa''', Inostrannaia lite­ratura, 1 (1990), pp. 178-9.

2. Field, 1977, p. 222: 'Once Nabokov was talking to Joyce at the Nouvelle Revue Fran<;aise, and Joyce asked him whether he knew Remizov. 'Why, yes, why do you ask?' Nabokov responded in per­plexity which he re-enacted for my benefit. - 'Joyce, you see, was under the impression that Remizov mattered as a writer!!' [Field's emphasis]. Nabokov's attitude to Remizov is typically idiosyncratic. Among other Russian novelists whom he rated rather low were Dostoevsky and Pasternak.

148 Notes

3. Deirdre Bair (19BO, p. 213) reports that Beckett was taken to 'a lecture on the Russian novelist Andrei Biely (called 'the Russian James Joyce') by Professor Fedor Stepun ... Stepun spoke at length about Biely's family situation: his [first, NC] wife, Assya Turgeneva, was a relative of the great Russian writer, and her sister (who had lived in Dresden for many years) was married to an Italian named Pozzo. It was probably the first time Beckett heard the name he later gave to one of the characters in Waiting for Codot'.

4. 'Menstrual'no-krasnym': Israel' Shamir, in 'Odisseia russkogo "Ulissa''', see note 1 above, p. 182.

5. Andrei Belyi, Na rubezhe dvukh stoletii ['On the Border of Two Cen­turies', 1930] (Letchworth: Bradda Books, 1966), p. 115.

6. See Nabokov, 19BO, p. xix; Nabokov, 1974, pp. 102-3. On Goudy, see Field, 1977, p. 138.

7. For reasons why M'Intosh might not be Joyce, see Gordon, 1983; Gordon's own candidate for the role is (the ghost of) Rudolph Bloom.

B. Apart from Werner, 1990, see Leon Moussinac, Serge Eisenstein (Paris: Editions Seghers' Cinema d' Aujourd'hui, 1964), p. 121. On Ivy Utvinov, see our remarks in Chapter 1; Werner (p. 494) is therefore mistaken is following Beach, 1959, over Maksim Utvinov's supposed attendance at U.C.D.

9. Jan Leyda'S translation in Film Form (Eisenstein, 1963) was made from the original publication, 'Za kadrom', an afterword to N. Kaufman, Iaponskoe kino (Moscow, 1929). This essay was published as S.M. Eisenstein, 'The Cinematic Principle and Japanese Culture' in transi­tion 19/20 (1930), 90--103 (quoted from McMillan, 1975, p. 261).

10. Eizenshtein, I, p. 486; elsewhere (ibid., I, p. 581) it is given as 'February­April 1930'; Herbert Marshall follows the latter date in his chronology to Immoral Memories (Eisenstein, 1985, p. 271). Ellmann's only brief mention of it, based on a letter from Hans Richter, seems to put it, if anything, even later (Ellmann, 1983, p. 654n). Reports of a plurality of meetings remain unconfirmed (see Werner, 1990, p. 503, n. 2).

11. Seton's account appears to be based on that of Moussinac (see note 8 above), pp. 48-50, an excerpt of which is included in Eizenshtein v vospominaniiakh sovremennikov (Moscow, 1974), p. 209. The visit is also alluded to in the same collection (p. 221) in an extract taken from Ivor Montagu's With Eisenstein in Hollywood (Berlin: Seven Seas Books, 1968).

12. For original of the foregoing, see Eizenshtein, I, pp. 454-5, 48.>-8. 13. Eisenstein, 1963, p. 104; Eizenshtein, II, p. 77 ('montage form as a

structure' is defined in this essay as 'the reconstruction of the laws of train of thought': II, p. 79).

14. Inostrannaia literatura, 1 (1990), p. 179; for a number of interesting comments and quotations by Ivanov on Joyce and Eisenstein, see pp. 179-80. See also V.V. Ivanov, Ocherki po istorii semiotiki (Moscow, 1976), pp. 11~25 (quoted from Tall, 1987, p. 142, n. 5).

15. Eizenshtein, V, pp. 89-90; slightly amended from Eisenstein, 1963, pp.184-5.

Notes 149

3 JOYCE IN RUSSIA

1. Listed in the bibliography to Alex M. Shane, The Life and Works of Evgenij Zamjatin (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968), p. 244. This notice, published under the heading 'England and America', was translated by the present author in James Joyce Broadsheet, 8, 1982, p. 4. According to E. Tall, 1984, p. 117, the first issue of Sovremennyi zapad (1922) included mention of Joyce in an item by one Douglas Goldring.

2. Such translated items will be readily identifiable from the Russian 'primary source' bibliography, listed by Joycean work, then in chrono­logical order. Criticism is listed in alphabetical order: western, Russian up to 1941, and then Russian post-1941. Referencing will normally be given by author and year. Any sources not in the present bibliography will be quoted in full in these notes. The author of the introduction (pp. 61-4) to the 1925 Ulysses excerpts is identified by E. Tall, 1984, p. 117, as E. Lann.

3. On Mirsky's career, and for bibliographies of his writings, see Nina Lavroukine and Leonid Tchertkov, 0.5. Mirsky: Profil critique et biblio­graphique (Paris: Institut d'Etudes Slaves, 1980); and G.S. Smith (ed.), 1989.

4. On Poplavsky (1903-35), see Simon Karlinsky, 'In Search of Po­plavsky: a Collage', and other references, in Simon Karlinsky and Alfred Appel, Jr (eds), The Bitter Air of Exile: Russian Writers in the West 1922-1972 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977). Karlinsky (p. 330) writes of a 'Proust-Joyce lecture' delivered by Poplavsky at the Kochevie Club, Paris, in October 1931 and remarks of Poplavsky (who was variously regarded by Roman Gul as 'an utter madman' and Nabokov as 'the first hippy, the original flower child': p. 331) as 'the only Russian writer I can think of besides Vladimir Nabokov who responded creatively to Ulysses'. See also Beaujour, 1989, pp. 140-3.

5. On these developments see for example Struve, 1972; Neil Cornwell, 'Through the Clouds of Soviet Literature', The Crane Bag, 7, 1 (1983), 17-33, reprinted in Mark Patrick Hederman and Richard Kearney (eds), The Crane Bag Book of Irish Studies (1982-1985), II (Dublin: The Crane Bag, 1987); and Michael Scriven and Dennis Tate (eds), European Socialist Realism (Oxford: Berg, 1988). A compendious source for lite­rary politics in the 1930s is Lazar Fleishman, Boris Pasternak v tridtsatye gody (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1984).

6. Lukacs's literary involvements in Moscow in the 1930s seem not yet to have been fully researched. See however the sources cited in Corn­well, 1984, pp. 79-80, n. 14. An interesting account of these events has since been published in Vittorio Strada's Le Veglie della Ragione (Turin: Einaudi, 1986), especially pp. 245-68.

7. See 'Problemy teorii romana', Literaturnyi kritik (1935): 2, 214-49; 3, 231-54.

8. Lavroukine and Tchertkov, D.S. Mirsky: profil critique, p. 45, G.S. Smith, 1989, p. 25, refers to 'the arrogant dogmatism that marks his

150 Notes

work after 1931'; to his stance as 'Marxist fundamentalist' and his 'holier-than-thou attitude, and the fiery, outspoken temperament that went with it' (p. 27).

9. The note on this point in Mirskii, 1978 (p. 287, n. 1) is not entirely helpful; in Mirskii, 1987, the title has been fully standardised to Wiss. Quotations from this article are here drawn from the 1978 reprinting (see bibliography for details of original; a very abbreviated English version appeared under the title 'Joyce and Irish Literature' in New Masses, 1934; and a slightly fuller but very poor translation as 'James Joyce' in International Literature, 1934: see bibliography for full details).

10. Joseph Frank, 'Spatial Form in Modem Literature' (1945), in his The Widening Gyre: Crisis and Mastery in Modern literature (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1963), p. 19.

11. 'Eto uzhe chistaia zaum', rabota slovesnogo masterstva na kholostom khodu' (Mirskii, 1978, p. 305). By using the word zaum', Mirsky is invoking a comparison, not infrequently made, between Joyce's verbal experimentation and that of the Russian Futurists, particularly of the more radical wing exemplified by Khlebnikov and Kruchennykh, whose style was also being suitably excoriated during this period.

12. Such a juxtaposition of literary schools is strongly reminiscent of the critical theories of Zamiatin, who had advocated a synthesis of sym­bolism and naturalism.

13. See Scott, 1935 (reprinted 1977, pp. 150-62 and 178-82); see also Struve, 1972, pp. 268-75, and Flaker, 1983, pp. 209-12. Quotes here are taken (and translations made) from the original Pervyi vsesoiuznyi s"ezd ... (1934, reprinted 1990), hereafter abbreviated as PVSSP, 1934.

14. See Garin, 1937 (also in Dublintsy, 1966); and the following reviews: Rykachev, 1938; T.G., 1938; and Borovoi, 1938.

15. See Internatsional'naia literatura, 7-8 (1940), 337; and 4 (1941), 141-2 (A. Isakov's review). The reference is to Letters, II, p. 187 Goyce to Stani­slaus Joyce, Rome, 6 November 1906).

16. Internatsional'naia literatura, 5 (1941), 230-2, in fact carried one further report, beyond the Gorman review the previous month, on American reactions to Joyce's death (Karmon, 1941).

17. The lack of a Russian text of A Portrait led not only to inconsistencies in a Russian title for the work (' ... as a Young Man' being variously rendered as 'v molodosti', 'v iunosti' [as it finally became] etc.), but to various, at times misleading, translations of key quotes. Notably perhaps, 'cunning', in the famous threefold 'silence, exile, and cun­ning' (A Portrait, p. 247) is variously (and contentiously) rendered as 'masterstvo' ('skill', by Umov, 1964, p. 18), 'kovarstvo' ('treachery', by Mikhal'skaia, 1966, p. 38) and (the more acceptable) 'khitrost" (Ivasheva, 1%7, p. 43). Umov, 1976, p. 194, compliments Bogoslovakaia­Bobrova, reviewing her translation, for her choice of the word 'khit­roumie' (perhaps a cross between 'cunning' and 'sharp-wittedness'). N. Anastas'ev, 1985, p. 169, strangely enough, reverts to 'masterstvo'.

18. One assumes that Meletinskii, himself evidently a polyglot, was not responsible for the indifferent summary in English given at the end of

Notes 151

his book (Meletinskii, 1976, pp. 399-406), and in particular for the rendering of Earwicker as 'Irvicker' (p. 405).

19. Conversation with E. Genieva, April 1988; Tall, 1980, p. 344. 20. The cancelled volume, which was to have been published by Nauka

(prestigious publishing house of the Soviet Academy of Sciences) and was vetoed in 1978 by 'Goskomizdat' (the State Committee on Pub­lishing) was to have included, as well as A Portrait and Giacomo Joyce, Stephen Hero, the first episode of Ulysses from the 1935 translation, plus articles, notes etc. (Tall, 1984, pp. 107; 111, n. 2).

21. Once again there is a strong feeling here of Zamiatin's theorising (see note 12 above); it should be remembered that Zamiatin remained all but unmentionable in Soviet criticism until the glasnost' period.

22. On Khinkis (1930-81), see Emily Tall's 1978 interview with him (Tall, 1980, pp. 349-53) and his correspondence with the Polish and Czech translators of Ulysses (Tall, 'Correspondence ... ', 1990), in which he describes his methods, his various difficulties, the availability or otherwise of books on Joyce in Soviet libraries, and other matters. See also Tall, 'Behind the Scenes', 1990. Unable to visit the West (or even Poland), he eventually gave in despair an invitation dated 1968 to stay with Sid Chaplin, one of whose books he had translated, to Emily Tall in 1978 (E. Tall, copies of unpublished material passed to me, April 1991).

23. Tall, 1984, p. 108. For a discussion of this translation, see Cornwell, 'A Russian "Cyclops"', 1982.

24. Dzheims Dzhois, 'Lirika', trans. by G. Kruzhkov and A. Livergant, intro. by E. Genieva, Inostrannaia literatura, 2 (1983), 165-70; id., 'Stat'i, dnevniki, pis'ma, besedy', Voprosy literatury, 4 (1984), 169-210.

25. The ensuing account is based on Tall, 'Behind the Scenes', 1990, together with conversations with and communications from E. Ge­nieva and S. Khoruzhii, April 1988 and since.

26. Letter from S. Khoruzhii, Moscow, 5 June 1988. 27. For an account of how Genieva persuaded Likhachev to participate in

this venture, see Tall, 'Behind the Scenes', 1990, pp. 188-9. Earlier, according to my private information, Likhachev had responded nega­tively to a suggestion that Ulysses should be published in the pres­tigious 'Literaturnye pamiatniki' ('Literary Monuments') series, of which he is president of the editorial board, on the grounds of the novel's indecency.

28. See Tall, 'Behind the Scenes', 1990, p. 188. Any proper attempt to analyse or evaluate the translation must remain outside the scope of the present study. For some discussion though, see Tall, ibid., pp. 189-90; and Tall, 'Interview with Nico Kiasashvili', 1990. See too some of the comments in 'Odisseia russkogo "Ulissa" " 1990. Further in­formation and comment are to be found in Tall's unpublished paper 'Ulysses returns to Russia', 1990. My own impressions, based on detailed study of the Literaturnaia ucheba text only, are, given the enormity of the task facing any Russian translator, largely favourable. In any case, native speakers will be the final judge. Regarding the provenance of the translation, which still seems to be causing

152 Notes

controversy (see Slavic Review, Fall 1991), I have taken Khoruzhii at his word (see note 31 below). Any final assessment must depend upon a study of the manuscripts.

29. 'Odisseia russkogo "Ulissa"', 1990, headed 'Iz besed v redaktsii' ('Round table discussion', or 'from chats in the editorial office'). One 'participant' at least (the present writer) can testify that not all the contributions were generated around any table; some at least were collected by other means. Those involved were: N.A. Anastas'ev, E.lu. Genieva, la.N. Zasurskii, A.M. Zverev, V.V. Ivanov, N.A. Kiasashvili, Neil Cornwell (GB), Emily Tall (USA), D.M. Urnov, V.A. Chalikova, Izrail' Shamir (Israel) and Ia. Zasurskii.

30. For all references to this forum, see 'Odisseia russkogo "Ulissa"', 1990.

31. Excerpted from Khoruzhii, 1990 (Krino, 8/9, 111-13). This piece is translated from the Russian by Sergei Khoruzhii and Kate Cook [and not by me, as erroneously stated in Krino, NC]. It is in this paragraph (p. 112) that Khoruzhii describes the even sadder posthumous fate of Khinkis's translation: 'As I went deeper into this esoteric novel, it proved impossible to preserve either his early work or that which we had done together. Everything was retranslated, often several times.'

32. Orwell, 1970: see particularly a letter of 1933 (pp. 150-4) and 'Inside the Whale' (1940), especially pp. 542-3.

33. Hawthorn's survey in this essay is recommended as an adjunct to the present section (as, too, is Segall, 1988); as we can see, Eagleton is not exempt from criticism, for remarks on Joyce made in his books Critic­ism and Ideology (London: Verso, 1976), pp. 156-7 and Marxism and Literary Criticism (London: Methuen, 1976), p. 31; neither is MacCabe, 1983 (referring to the first edition of 1979).

34. The literature on Bakhtin is beginning already to reach almost Joycean proportions (there being an International Bakhtinian Society and a Bakhtin Newsletter). See however in particular the recent 'New Accents' volume: Michael Holquist, Dialogism: Bakhtin and his World (London: Routledge, 1990); and the biography, Mikhail Bakhtin by Katerina Clark and Michael Holquist (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, Harvard, 1984).

Bibliography

PRIMARY SOURCES: JOYCE PUBLICATIONS (WESTERN)

Dubliners (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1965) Stephen Hero (London: Granada, 1977) A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1966) Exiles (London: New English Library, 1962) Ulysses, ed. Hans Walter Gabler et al. (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1986) Finnegans Wake (New York: The Viking Press, 1972) Poems and Shorter Writings, ed. Richard Ellmann et al. (London: Faber and

Faber, 1991) Letters, ed. Stuart Gilbert (vol. I) and Richard EHmann (vols II and III)

(London: Faber and Faber, 1957, 1966) Selected Letters, ed. Richard EHmann (New York: The Viking Press, 1975) The Critical Writings, ed. Ellsworth Mason and Richard EHmann (Ithaca,

New York: Cornell University Press, 1989) Scritti Italiani, ed. Gianfranco Corsini and Giorgio Melchiori (Milan: Mon­

dadori, 1979)

PRIMARY SOURCES IN RUSSIAN TRANSLATION (SOVIET AND WESTERN)

Dubliners [Dublintsy] Leningrad, 1927: trans. by E.N. Fedotova [11 stories] Moscow, 1937: trans. edited by LA. Kashkin. Naples, 1966: reprint of Moscow, 1937 Moscow, 1982: reprint of Moscow, 1937 (also contains Giacomo Joyce) (for details of translators, see E. Tall, 1984)

A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man [Portret khudozhnika v iunosti] Naples, 1968: trans. by Viktor Frank Inostrannaia literatura, 10-12 (1976), 171-98, 119-74, 139-82; trans. by M.P. Bogoslovskaia-Bobrova (commentary E. Genieva)

Dubliners. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man [includes Giacomo Joyce as Appendix], Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1982 (introduction and com­mentary in Russian: E. Genieva) In English

Poetry: odd poems have appeared in various journals and anthologies from 1932-7 and again from 1977 [see E. TaH, 1984]

Giacomo Joyce [Dzhakomo Dzhois] Literaturnaia Gruziia, 9-10 (1969), 79-86; trans. by N.A. Kiasashvili. Reprinted in Dublintsy, 1982.

Ulysses [Uliss]: excerpts or episodes only 'Uliss' [excerpts from various episodes], trans. by V. Zhitomirskii, Novinki zapada. Al'manakh No.1, Moscow-Leningrad, 1925, pp. 61-94. 'Uliss' [excerpts from episodes 4 and 8], trans. by S. Alymov and M. Levidov, Literaturnaia gazeta, 20, 2 September 1929, 3.

153

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'Uliss. Glavy iz romana' [excerpts from Nestor, Calypso and Oxen], trans. by V. Khinkis and S. Khoruzhii, Literaturnaia ucheba (1988): I, pp. 170-92; [and from Circe] 6, pp. 163-84 (commentary E. Genieva).

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140 title page and illustrations 141-2 D.S. Likhachev, 'Slovo k chitateliu' [prestigious intro.] 142-76 I [text, 'Episode 1': Telemachus, Nestor, Proteus] 176--86 E. Genieva: Commentary

No.2, pp. 127-77 127-70 II [text, 'Episode II': Calypso, The Lotus Eaters, Hades] 171-7 E. Genieva: Commentary

No.3, pp. 114-66 114-61 7 [Aeolus] and 8 [The Lestrygonians] 161-6 E. Genieva: Commentary

No.4, pp. 103-63 . 103-55 9 [Scylla and Charybdis] and 10 [The Wandering Rocks] 155-63 E. Genieva: Commentary

No.5, pp. 157-85 157-83 11 [The Sirens] 184-5 E. Genieva: Commentary

No.6, pp. 143-85 143-82 12 [The Cyclops] 182-5 E. Genieva: Commentary

No.7, pp. 154-86 154-8013 [Nausicaa] 181-6 E. Genieva: Commentary

No.8, pp. 142-81 142-75 14 [Oxen of the Sun] 175-81 E. Genieva: Commentary

No.9, pp. 101":'85 101-80 15 [Circe)

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180-5 E. Genieva: Commentary No. 10, pp. 121-63

121-59 16 [Eumaeus) 160-3 E. Genieva: Commentary

No. 11, pp. 117-70 117-67 17 [Ithaca) 167-70 E. Genieva: Commentary

No. 12, pp. 157-93 157-89 18 [Penelope) 189-93 E. Genieva: Commentary

Miscellaneous:

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Index

Adams, R. 78,79 Adler, A. 118 Adorno, T. 140 Akhmatova, A. 60, 130 Aldanov, M. 73 Aldington, R. 89, 113-14, 125,

130,137 Alexander I. Tsar 38 Alexander II, Tsar 38, 39 Alexander III, Tsar 38 Anastas'ev, A. 124-5, 126, 150,

152 Andreev, L. 26 Anschuetz, C. 70 Antheil, G. 12, 16 Appel, A., Jr 74, 76, 149 Aragon, L. 8 Arkhangel' sky, A. 130 Artsybashev, M. 8, 26 Atherton, J.S, 32, 36, 47, 50 Atkinson, B. 86 Attridge, D. 53, 54 Auber, J. 41,55 Azov, V. 89

Babel, I. 56, 97 Bach, J.S. 34, 147 Bair, D. 22, 148 Bakhtin, M. 5, 71, 117, 134, 141,

142-4,152 Bakunin, M. 4, 26, 39 Balzac, H. de 34, lOS, 124 Barnacle, Nora see Joyce, Nora Barnes, D. 7 Barr, A., Jr S6 Barrow, C. W. 83 Beach, S. 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15,

16, 20, 21, 30, 80, 81 Beaujour, E.K. 149 Beckett, S. 9, 17, 18-19, 20, 21,

22, 46, 47, 55, 68, 102, 114, 116, 117, 141, 148

Belinsky, V. 135

Bely, A. ix, 30, 57, 61, ~71, 74, 78, 86, 90, 98, 100-1, 110-11, 114, 116, 134, 144, 148

Bennett, A. 91, 96, 130 Benstock, B. 41, 50, 115 Bergson, H. 113 Berlin, I. 61 Berman, M. 140 Blake, W. 34,51 Blavatsky, Mme. H.P. 26, 45, 50 Bliznakoff, M. 4, 5 Bliznakoff, V. 5 Blok, A. 55 Bobrikov [BobrikoffJ, General

N.1. 43, 45, 47 Boehme, J. 45 Bogoslovskaia-Bobrova,

M.P. 108, 112, 120, 150 Borsch, Dr L. 7, 12 Bosch, H. 107 Boski [Elizabeth Marcus] 16 Boyd, B. 17, 71-2, 73, 78, 146 Boyle, K. 7, 11 Brecht, B. 139 Brezhnev, L. x, 114, 119, 123,

130, 135 Brockbank, P. 144 Bruno, G. 45, 102, 147 Buckley, D. 47 Budgen, F. 5, 9, 22, 26, 46, 61,

67, 116 Bukharin, N.J. 105 Bulgakov, M. 39 Bunin, I. 8, 73 Burgess, A. 51 Burtsev, A.A, 124 Butler, H. 146 Butler, S. 116

169

Camus, A. 126 Capek, K. 112 Carr, H. 6 Carswell, J. 15

170 Index

Chaliapin, f.I. [Shaliapin] 12, 13, 51

Chaplin, C. 50, 105 Chekhov, A. 27, 28, 32-3, 35, 93,

111, 113, 115, 120, 144 Chernyshevsky, N. 30, 135 Chiaromonte, N. 62-3, 147 Chukovskaia, 1. 60, 147 Ciolkkowska, M. 7 Clark, K. 143, 152 Colum, M. 18, 30 Colum, P. 17-18, 22, 24, 112 Conrad, J. 66 Constant, B. 20 Cooke, O.M. 68, 69 Cornwell, N. 89, 126, 145, 147,

151, 152 Cournos, J. 6 Curran, C. 3

Dalton, J. 74 Dante [Alighieri] 28, 102, 107,

109 Davidson, J. 7 Day Lewis, C. 108 Deane, S. 54 Della Volpe, G. 139 De Valera, E. 52 Diaghilev, S. 11, 12 Dickens, C. 28, 66, 144 Diment, G. 36, 79 Dixon, V. 8-11, 14, 16, 146 Dneprov, V. 120 Doroshevich, A. 117, 124 Dos Passos, J. 60, 94, 95, 96, 105 Dostoevsky, F.M. 5, 26, 27, 28,

30, 32, 33--4, 35, 36, 50, 70, 71, 72, 84, 123, 124, 144, 147

Dreiser, T. 82 Duff, C. 103 Dujardin, E. 29, 30, 31, 66 Duns Scotus, J. 28

Eagleton, T. 137, 140, 141, 152 Eastman, M. 56 Edgerton, W. 64, 113 Egri, P. 138 Eisenstein [Eizenshtein], S.M. ix,

8, 56, 79-87, 89, 98, 100, 130, 136, 142, 148

Eliot, T.S. 12, 29, 90, 120, 125, 129

Ellmann, R. 2, 5, 6, 9-10, 12, 13, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 29, 32, 37, 38, 4tHi, 47, 72, 76, 82, 116, 126, 131, 145, 146, 147, 148

Erenburg, l. 8, 56-8, 114 Erlich, V. 70 Ermilov, V. 93 Ernst, M. 103 Esenin, S. 56

Fadeev, A. 93, 94 Faktorovich [5. ?] 8, 13-14, 16 Farrell, J.T. 137 Faulkner, W. 126 Fedin, K. 56 Fel'zen, Iu. 92 Field, A. 66, 72, 77, 147, 148 Fitch, N.R. 7, 12, 14, 16 Flaker, A. 104, 105, 150 Flaubert, G. 28, 63, 108, 109, 111,

120 Fleischman, H. see Joyce, Helen Fogarty, E. 89-90, 100 Fox, R. 137 Francini Bruni, A. 4, 26, 145 Frank, J. 96, 118, 150 Frank, N. 22-3,31,56 Frank, V. 108 Frazer, J.G. 117 Freeborn, R. 38, 70 Freidenberg, O. 117 French, M. 62, 70 Freud, S. 30, 45, 96, 102, 118,

123, 141, 142 Freudianism 83, 97, 101, 102,

107, 115, 117, 144 Friedberg, M. 114 Frye, N. 117, 143

Gabler, W. 53 Gabrilovich, E.l. 100 Garin, N. 111, 150 Genieva, E. xi, 58, 114, 120,

Index 171

121-3, 124, 125, 127, 129, 130, 131-2, 151, 152

George V, King 39 Gerigk, H.-J. 33 Gide, A. 14, 24, 114 Gifford, D. 41,42,43,44 Gilbert, S. 9, 10, 14, 76 Gilenson, B. 123, 134 Gillespie, M.P. 26 Gillet, L. 31 Globocnik, A. 4 Goethe, J.W. von 109 Gogarty, O. St J. 24, 36, 112 Gogol, N.V. 26,28,32,34,36,

50,66,70 Goldberg, S.L. 116 Golding, W. 126 Goldwasser, T.A. 10, 146 Golschmann, V. 12 Goncharov, I. 19 Gorbachev, M.S. 124 Gorbacheva, R. 128 Gordon, J .5. 148 Gorky, M. 26, 50, 100 Gorman, H. 32,79,91, 113 Goudy, A. 71, 148 Goya, F. de 107 Grayson, J. 77, 78 Greene, G. 116 Guggenheim, P. 17, 19,20 Gul, R. 149

Halper, N. 45,4S-9 Hamsun, K. 61 Hart, e. 28, 119 Hauptmann, G. 1, 29, 61 Hawthorn, J. 140, 142, 152 Healy, M. 5 Heijermans, H. 44 Hemingway, E. 60 Herr, e. 26, 67, 143 Herzfelde, W. 105, 106 Heslop, H. 112 Himmel, S. 55 Hitler, A. 24, 105 Hoffmeister, A. 15 Holquist, M. 143, 152 Homer 29, 75, 110, 117, 118

Huxley, A. 88 Hyde, G.M. 78

Ibsen, H. 1, 11, 15, 25, 27, 28, 29, 32, 40, 61, 63, 111

Inge, Dean 28 Ischlonsky, Prof. M. 8 Ivanov, Viacheslav 67 Ivanov, Vsevolod 56 Ivanov, V.V. 68,83, 117, 131,

142, 148, 152 Ivasheva, V. 114, 115, 116, 119,

121

Jacobsen, J.P. 61 James, H. 57, 109, 114, 116 Jameson, F. 139, 140--1 Johnson, D.B. 79 Jolas, E. 9, 15, 20, 23, 24, 25, 55,

73,81 Jolas, M. 20, 21, 23, 41, 55, 73 Joyce, Eileen [later Schaurek] 4, 6 Joyce, Giorgio 5, 11, 12, 16, 17,

18, 19,26 Joyce, Helen [nee Fleischman] 12,

17, 18, 19, 20 Joyce, John 1, 45, 4&--7 Joyce, Lucia 5, 8, 13, 17-18, 19,

22,24,29 Joyce, Nora [nee Barnacle] 2, 4, 5,

12, 18, 20 Joyce, Stanislaus 1, 3-4, 6, 23,

24, 25-6, 27, 29, 30--1, 35, 37, 38, 45, 145, 150

Joyce, Stephen 19, 21 Jung, e.G. 40, 117, 118, 119, 147

Kafka, F. 55, 64, 72, 74, 114, 117, 120, 126, 139, 143

Kandinsky, V. 8, 56 Karlinsky, S. xi, 78, 149 Kashkin, I. 64, 90, 108, 111,

122 Kataev, V. 123 Kerensky, A. 73 Kershner, R.B. 143-4 Kettle, A. 116, 138 Keys, R. 66, 71

172 Index

Khinkis, V. 126-7, 128, 131, 133, 134, lSI, 152

Khlebnikov, V. 150 Khoruzhiy, S. xi, 127-30, 132-4,

lSI, 152 Khrushchev, N. 58, 114 Kiasashvili, N. xi, 123, 130, lSI,

152 K1ee, P. 103 Kol'tsov, M. 105 Korolenko, V. 26 Koussevitzky, S. 12 Kravchinsky, S. see Stepniak Kropotkin, P. 4, 26, 50 Kruchennykh, A.E. 150 Krylov, I. 50 Kuprin, A 8

Lann, E. 90, 149 Larbaud, V. 89, 96, 130 Lavroukine, N. 149 Leeming, H. 50, 147 Leger, F. 58, 59 Lenin, V.I. 5, 68, 79, 95, 135 Leon, Lucie see Noel Leon, Paul 12, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19,

20--3, 24, 28, 52, 71, 72, 73, 76, 146

Lermontov, M.lu. 2, 26, 30, 32, 35--6

Levi-Strauss, c. 117 Levin, H. 8, 82, 116 Lewis, D.B. Wyndham 140 Leyda, J. 148 Liakhovsky, B. 80 Lidderdale, J. 8, 21, 24 Lidin, V. 56 Lifshits, M. 93 Likhachev, D.S. 129, 151 Lipmann, R.I. 36 (see also Zubov) Lissitsky, El 56 Litvinov, I. [nee Low] 14, IS, 80,

148 Litvinov, M. 2, 14, IS, 145, 148 Livergant, A 127, 151 Liubchenko, A. 105 Lodge, D. 135, 142-3, 144 Lotman, Iu.M. 40, 117, 143, 144 Lowry, M. 126

Lubin, P. 75, 76-7, 79 Lukacs, G. 93, 103, 138-9, 140,

141 Lunacharsky, A 100 Luriia, AR. 142

McAlmon, R. 7,9, 11 MacCabe, C. 129, 141, 152 Mc Cormack, W.J. xi, 140 McCormack, J. 12 MacDiarmid, H. 142 McHugh, R. 36, 45, 47, 50, 51,

52, 145, 147 McLuhan, M. 83 McMillan, D. 29, 55, 148 MacWhite, E. 145 Maddox, B. 4, 12, 17, 18, 145,

146 Maiakovsky, V. 8, 96, 99, 136 Makinsky, Prince 23 Malevich, K. 56 Malraux, A 62 Mangan, J. C. 49, 53 Manganiello, D. 4, 6, 24, 26, 28,

29, 31, 35, 41-2, 52, 54, 145, 146

Mann, T. 117, 125--6 Marshall, H. 81, 148 Marx, K. 83, 100 Marxism x, 24, 95, 135--7, 139-41,

142, 144, ISO, 152 Maupassant, G. de 30, 130 Mekhiori, G. 145 Meletinsky, E.M. 117-19, 124,

125--6, 150--1 Mencken, H. L. 5 Mercanton, J. 12, 23 Meredith, G. 116 Merezhkovsky, D.S. 8 Meyerhold, Vs. 100 Mikhail, E.H. 2, 16, 150 Mikhal'skaia, N. 114, 115 Miller-Budnitskaia, R. 93, 101-2,

107-8, 109-10, Ill, 121 Milosz, C. 62, 147 Mirsky, D.S. [Sviatopolk-Mirsky,

Prince] 89, 90--1, 93, 94-9, 100, 101, 103, lOS, 107, 108-9, Ill, 121, 131, 137, 149, 150

Index 173

Mittenzwei, W. 139 Mochulsky, K. 70 Monas, S. 143 Monnier, A. 7,20 Montagu, 1. 148 Moore, G. 31 Morgan, E. 142 Moussinac, L. 80, 148 Mrosovsky, P. 71 Muir, E. 91 Mussolini, B. 6

Nabokov, Vladimir [Sirin) ix, 8, 17, 36, 56, 62, 64, 66, 68, 71-9, 86, 90, 129, no, 146, 147, 148, 149

Nabokov, Vera 72,73,74-5 Nadel, I.B. 2, 5, 7, 19, 21, 23,38,

44, 52, 54, 146 Newman, Cardinal, J.H. 28 Nicholas II, Tsar 21, 39, 41, 42 Nicholson, M. 8, 21, 24 Nietzsche, F. 67 Nijinsky, V. 13, 50 Nikulin, L. 105 Noel, Lucie [Leon, nee

Ponisovskaia) 12, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 27, 28, 72, 73, 146

Novikov-Priboi, A. 56

O'Brien, F. 141 O'Casey, S. 112, 116 Odoevsky, V. 30, 147 Offenbach, J. 108 Olesha, Iu. 100, 105, 123 Orwell, G. 88, 137, 152 Ostrovsky, A. 26

Paderewski, I.J. 50 Palmer, B. 83 Parnell, e.S. 47 Parrinder, P. 32 Pasternak, A. 61 Pasternak, B. 42, 53, 60-3, 64,

68, 70, 100, 105, 117, 130, 147, 149

Paull, Tsar 38 Pecherin, V. 2, 145

Peshko, V.E. 30, 124 Picasso, P. 57, 111 Pilling, J. 66 Pil'niak, B. 56, 64, 100, 101, 130 Platonov, A. 112 Poliakov, M.A. 94 Ponisovsky, A. 16, 17-18, 19-20,

23, 71, 72, 81, 146 Poplavsky, B. 91-2, 149 Potts, W. 2, 12, 16, 22, 23, 24,

31, 34, 56, 145 Pound, E. 5, 6, 7, 12, 89, 130 Power, A. 27-8, 32-3, 34 Powys, J.e. 116 Proffer, e.R. 79 Proust, M. 11, 29, 57, 61, 64, 72,

74, 90, 92, 93, 95, lOS, 109, 114, 116, 126, 149

Pushkin, A. 27, 28, 50, 56, 70, 73, 144

Quennell, P. 74 Quinet, E. 119 Quinn, J. 5

Rabate,I.-M. 7, 30 Rabelais, F. 119, 143 Radek, K. 4,24,83,84,89,

104-5, 106, 107, 130, 137, 140, 145

Raleigh, J.H. 29 Reavey, G. 64, 65-6, 68, 90 Reichert, K. 35 Remizov, A. 68, 92, 146, 147 Richardson, D. 116 RiIke, R.-M. 61 Rimsky-Korsakov, N. 12 Robinson, R. 74 Rodker, J. 7, 9 Romanov, P. 56 Romanova, H. 13 Romanovich, I. 108, 130 Roth, S. 8 Rousseau, J.-J. 20,36 Rumbold, Sir H. 6 Russell, G. 26 Ruttman, W. 81

Said, E. 139-40

174 Index

Sannikov, G. 64, 100 Savitsky, L. Bloch- 7, 8, 146 Schaurek, F. 4, 15, 145 Schmitz, E. see Svevo Schnitzler, A 16 Schoek, O. 12 Schoenberg, A 139 Scott, H.G. 106, 145, 150 Scott, L.H. 147 Segall, J. 152 Seton, M. 80, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86 Shakespeare, W. 28,29,33,34,

59, 77, 91, 109, 144 Shaliapin see Chaliapin Shane, AM. 149 Shapskaia, M.M. 105 Sharshun, S. 92 Shaw, G.B. 38 Shklovsky, V. 94, 98 Sirin see Nabokov Skrabanek, P. xi, 4, 16, 48, 49,

51, 145, 147 Skrivanitch, A. 4, 52 Slingshy, G.V.L. 9 Smith, G.S. 131, 149 Solov'ev, V. 67, 142 Soupault, P. 23 Stalin, J. x, 2, 14-15, 39, 52, 83,

111, 112, 113, 134 Stalinism 87, 93, 95, 131, 135,

138 Startsev, A. 65, 93, 102-3,

110-11, 113, 121 Stein, G. 125 Steinberg, A 66, 70 Steiner, G. 143 Steiner, R. 69 Stendhal [H. Beyle] 139 Stenieh, V. 107, 108, 134, 143 Stepniak, S. [Stepniak-

Kravchinsky] 38 Stepun, F. 148 Sterne, L. 66, 144 Stoppard, T. 5 Stravinsky, I. 11, 12 Struve, G. 30, 65, 66, 90, 99, 104,

105, 106, 146, 150 Suchkov, B. 119

Sullivan, J. 11, 12 Suter, A 26, 34 Svevo, I. [Schmitz, E.] 5&-8, 96,

114 Swift, J. 57, 119, 133, 144 Synge, J.M. 4, 7 Szilard, L. 67, 69

Tall, E. xi, 83, 84, 116, 119, 120, 123, 126, 127, 129-30, 131, 147, 148, 149, 151, 152

Tavis, A. xi, 143, 146 Tchertkov [Chertkov], L. 94, 149 Tolstoy, L.N. 1, 3, 17, 20, 22, 25,

26, 27, 28-31, 35, 41, 50, 61, 70, 96, 97, 105, 118, 120, 124, 135, 143, 144, 146

Toporov, V.N. 117 Torchiana, D. 35 Tret'iakov, S. 106 Triolet, E. 8 Troubnikoff, A 23 Tucker, B. 28 Turgenev, I. 3, 25, 26, 27-8, 32,

34-5,36,39 Tysdahl, B.J. 52, 61

Updike, J. 126 Urnov, D.M. 114, 116, 120-1,

125, 129, 131, 152 Uspensky, B.A 117, 143

Van Gogh, V. 34 Venclova, T. 126, 130, 135 Vieo, G. 102, 103, 109, 117, 119 Vidacovieh, N. 4 Vishnevsky, Vs. 8, 58-60, 94, 95,

99-100, 101, 103, 105, 106, 107, 130, 147

Vlodavskaia, LA 124 Volodin, B. 123 Vygotsky, L.S. 142, 144

Wagner, R. 26, 66 Wain, J. 62 Wallach, M. 2 (see also Litvinov) Weaver, H. Shaw 5, 6, 7, 13, 16,

18, 21, 23, 146

Weber, R. 67, 69 Weiss, O. 45 Wells, H.G. 79, 91, 95, 96, 113 Werner, G. 80, 83, 148 West, A. 116, 137 Wilde, O. 38, 50 Wilhelm II, Kaiser 39 Williams Ellis, A. 105 Williams, R. 137-8, 139 Wilson, E. 60, 137 Wolfe, T. 116 Woolf, V. 116 Woronzoff, A. 66

Index 175

Yeats, W.B. 1, 26, 40, 46, 126

Zamiatin, E. 8, 39, 65, 85, 88-9, 107, 130, 149, 150, 151

Zaporozhets, KD. 12, 146 Zasulich, V. 38 Zatonsky, D. 114, 117 Zhantieva, D. 114, 115, 116, 121 Zhdanov, A. 93, 95, 135 Zubov, R.I., Count 2, 36, 145 (see

also Lipmann) Zoshchenko, M. 56 Zukofsky, L. 7