Ecosystem Dynamics

Notes - Protoplasm - Cytoplasm

Biology

Protoplasm / Cytoplasm

Protoplasm

Living stuff of cells

Jelly-like portion of the cell

Not seen by Robert Hooke in 1660s cork cells seen by Hooke were not alive

Protoplasm first described in the 1830s by Robert Brown

70% water

30% proteins, fats, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and small amounts of mineral ions

Composition changes constantly chemical reactions

Chemical reactions buld up and tear down complex molecules

Material brought into cell or made by cell changed to other substances

E.g. sugar could be converted to CO2 Two regions of protoplasm (based on location in cell):

Nucleoplasm inside the nucleus

Cytoplasm outside the nucleus

Two components of cytoplasm

organelles

cytosol

Metabolism occurs in both cytoplasm and organelles (glycolysis in cytoplasm)

Metabolism the total of a cells chemical reactionsSingle bacterium synthesizes thousands of lipid and protein molecules each second

Anabolism

The total of all reactions that involve the

building of larger molecules from smaller ones

Catabolism

The total of all reactions that involve the

breaking down of substances

Cytoplasm (Re: Eukaryotes)

Everything between the cell membrane and the nucleus is the cells cytoplasm

Two main componenets - organelles and cytosol

Cytosol

Jelly-like mixture that consists mostly of water, proteins, carbohydrates and other organic compounds

Many biological reactions occur in the cytosol

Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol

Gycolysis

the process by which glucose is converted to pyruvate and energy is released

Glycolysis is the process that preceeds both aerobic and anerobic respiration

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