NOTES

Ionic vs. Molecular Compounds

AKA

• Salts• Formula units

• Molecular compounds

• Molecules

IONIC / IONIC COVALENT / MOLECULAR

TYPE OF BONDS

• Metal and Nonmetal

• Metal and group of nonmetals

• Look for ONLY NONMETALS

IONIC / IONIC COVALENT / MOLECULAR

BOND FORMATION

• Electrons transferred from metal to nonmetal to form octets

• Positive metal held to negative nonmetal by electrostatic forces

• Overall charge = 0

• Electrons shared so all atoms have octets

• Electrons are shared in pairs

• 1 shared pair = single bond

• 2 shared pairs = double bond

• 3 shared pairs = triple bond

IONIC / IONIC COVALENT / MOLECULAR

Lewis Dots

Ionic Compounds

Cl Na

NaCl

Na + Cl+ -

Lewis Dots COVALENT / MOLECULAR

N

H

H

H N

H

H

H

OR N

H

H

H

NH3

PROPERTIES

• Highly ordered arrangement of ions in a crystal lattice

• Crystalline solids• High melting points• Do not conduct

electricity in solid form

• They conduct when DISSOLVED in water ( called ELECTROLYTES ) or MELTED

• Many are water soluble

• Can be gases, liquids, soft or crystalline solids

• Low melting points• Can be polar or

nonpolar• Only polar

compounds are water soluble

• Do NOT conduct electricity well

IONIC / IONIC COVALENT / MOLECULAR

EXAMPLES

• NaCl (salt)

• MgSO4

• Al(NO3)3

• NH4Cl

• NaNO3

• MgO

• BaCl2

• NH3 (ammonia)

• H2O

• C12H22O11 (sucrose)

• CH4

• CO2

• SF6

• NO2

IONIC / IONIC COVALENT / MOLECULAR