Name________________________ Period_____ Date______________ <Notes #3- Nutrition and Digestion>

Chemical Digestion ***ANSWERS**** AFTER mechanical digestion, the pieces of food are still _____________________ to be used by the cells. They MUST be ____________________________ EVEN MORE!!!!!! Special chemicals called__________________ will break down these small pieces of food into SMALLER and SIMPLER _____________________________. CARBOHYDRATES are broken down into ____________________________ (glucose) PROTEINS are broken down into ___________________________ (aa) FATS are broken down into ___________________ and ___________________ ________________________DIGESTION- the process in which our foods are CHEMICALLY

broken down into simpler substances. Chemical digestion begins in the MOUTH where _______________ containing an ENZYME

begins to digest ____________________(carbohydrates). Some starch is broken down into ________________ right in your mouth!!

______ digestion occurs in the ESOPHAGUS. Food can stay in the stomach from 1-6 hours, the average time is from _____________hours. ___________________- an organ that secretes substances (digestive juices, hormones, etc.) having special functions in the body. Ex- salivary glands, liver, pancreas, stomach, small intestine The glands that line the stomach produce: _________________ and ___________________________. The MUCUS ______________ the stomach lining from the gastric juice. The GASTRIC JUICE contains:

1. _________________________-this lowers the pH which helps the enzyme work. 2. _____________ digesting enzyme- “Pepsin”- which breaks down foods

containing protein such as meat and cheese.

Mucus Gastric Juice

sugars

saliva

broken down

compounds

single sugars amino acids

glycerol fatty acids

kasjdaskdmj

No

too large

Chemical

starch

enzymes

2-4 Gland

Hydrochloric acid

Protein-

protects

As the stomach churns, the food is mixed with gastric juice and becomes a thick soupy mixture

called ___________________. A sphincter at the end of the stomach, the _____________________, releases ________________-sized amounts of chyme into the small intestine.

_____________________________________- the part of the digestive tube where food is: ___________________________ AND ______________________________ !!!!!!!!!! **The small intestine is the ____________ digestive organ. **It is a coiled tube about ______ (1 inch) wide and ________ (22 feet) long. **The first 25 cm (10”) are called the ________________________________. Fluids from two other glands empty into the duodenum:

1. ____________________-

produces ______________________________ that contain enzymes that break down:

a)______________________

b)______________________

c)______________________

2. ___________________- this produces ___________ (a yellow-green substance)

Bile is stored in the _______________________

**Bile breaks up ____________ into ___________________________. These tiny droplets can then be easily digested by the enzymes of the pancreatic juice.

The LIVER is the largest ________________ in the body.

The lining of the Small Intestine produces __________________________________.

Intestinal juice has enzymes that break down:

a. _________________________ into __________________________

b. _________________________into ___________________________

single sugars

teaspoon

carbohydrates proteins fats

double sugars (glucose)

proteins

7m 3cm

fats

Pyloric sphincter

Pancreas

Liver

chyme

Small Intestine

digested absorbed

Duodenum

MAIN

Pancreatic Juice

Bile

Gall Bladder

tiny droplets

Gland

Intestinal Juice

aa

The FOUR END PRODUCTS of digestion are:

1._____________________________ (glucose) 2._____________________________ 3._____________________________ 4._____________________________ ***These four substances are _____________ or __________ enough to be used by the cells…they are ____________ enough to pass through the _____________________ !!!! We get many nutrients from plants but we CANNOT digest all plant material especially ___________________________ …cellulose makes up the cell walls of plants. Animals such as deer and cows can digest cellulose because they have ____________________ living in their ______________________ which break down the cellulose for the animal. HUMANS do NOT have these bacteria in our appendix…

our appendix has _____ function in digestion!!

CELLULOSE is part of our food that we call ________________ or ROUGHAGE !! Fiber is needed to help _____________ food through our small and large intestines. ______________________- the diffusion of water and dissolved materials into the cells.

Once digestion is completed…the process of absorption ______________!! The digested food leaves the small intestine and moves into the ___________________.

begins

bloodstream

move

appendixes

simple small

small

Single sugars aa

Fatty Acids Glycerol

cell membrane

cellulose bacteria

Absorption

fiber no

The SMALL INTESTINE is a very long tube that is ___________ back and forth inside your abdomen. It has an inner lining that has

many tiny _____________.

**BOTH the _______________ and the _________________ of the small intestine INCREASE the amount of ___________________________ where food can be absorbed.

**Even MORE surface area is added by the tiny finger-like structures called _____________. Villi cover the folds and make the absorption of food even faster. They give the small intestine a velvety appearance, Digested food moves by diffusion through the villi into the blood vessels (capillaries) which then carry the food to all cells in all parts of the body.

coiled

length folds

folds

surface area

villi

AFTER absorption…the undigested food is passed into the _________________________________ or __________________ as a watery mixture.

Most of the ______________ in this mixture is absorbed by the large intestine and returned to the body tissues. __________________ provides “bulk” to the watery mixture and helps it to be easily moved through the large intestine. _______________________- the removal of TOO MUCH water from the large intestine. _______________________- the removal of TOO LITTLE water from the large intestine.

________________ in the large intestine partially break down the undigested food. _______________- the semi-solid wastes left from digestion. The feces are STORED in the lower part of the large intestine called the ___________________.

The feces are RELEASED from the body through the sphincter called the

_______________.

Bacteria

Fiber

Large intestine colon

water

Constipation Diarrhea

Rectum

Feces

Anus

Review of the chemicals used in digestion:

Chemical Where is it What does it made? do or digest? Saliva Salivary C Glands Gastric Stomach P Juice Bile Liver FAT…fat (large fat separated into tiny fat droplets)

Pancreatic Pancreas C, P, F Juice Intestinal Small C, P Juice Intestine