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VOLUME II

CATALOGUE OF INSCRIPTIONS LISTED IN SOURCE TABLES (Rl-4, Wl, Fl, PI).

AMALGAMATION OF SPELLING IRREGULARITY TABLES (R12-15, Wll, F18, P8)

VOLUME II CONTENTS

Page: Preface to catalogue 3

Table RI - list of source inscriptions 4

Table Rl - texts of religious dedications by military personnel 5

Table R2 - list of source inscriptions 23

Table R2 - texts of unofficial and personal religious dedications 24

Table R3 - list of source inscriptions 32

Table R3 - texts of British curse tablets from locations other than Bath 38

Table R3 (B) - texts of the curses fom Bath 42

Table R4 - list of source inscriptions 48t

Table R4 - texts of miscellaneous religious dedications 49

Table Wl - list of source inscriptions 54

Table Wl - texts of inscriptions :

- Honorific building inscriptions 58

- Functional building inscriptions 68

- Manufacturing inscriptions 78

- Trade and commerce 90

- Administration 103

- Travel and transportation 113

- Business and law 114

Table Fl - list of source inscriptions 115

Table Fl - texts of funerary inscriptions 117

Table PI - list of source inscriptions 140

Table PI texts of inscriptions :

- Ownership marks on pottery (amphorae and mortaria) 143

- Ownership graffiti on samian ware 144

- Ownership graffiti on coarse pottery 155

- Ownership marks on metal and gems 161

- Ownership marks on miscellaneous materials 164

- Salutations, slogans, charms and obscenities 166

- Education - alphabets 169

- writing exercises, verse, palindromes 170

- Fun and games ' 71

Personal communication - domestic matters 172

- personal and social matters 174

Amalgamation of spelling irregularity tables (R12-15, Wl 1, F18, P8) 178

PREFACE TO CATALOGUE

The catalogue contains Tables Rl-4, Wl, Fl and PI. Each table begins with a list of

the inscriptions which it contains, followed by the texts of the inscriptions. Reference

numbers are the same as in the published texts, RIB I and II, TVII and TSMB2. The

only referencing system which has been devised specially for this thesis is contained

in Table R3, in which the British curse tablets, from locations other than Bath, are

referenced by letter. Because the Vindolanda tablets have brought the Latin name

Vindolanda into common usage, it has been used instead of Chesterholm for locating

all finds from there.

The findspot is given for all the inscriptions. Where appropriate the artefact inscribed

is also identified. Inscriptions on stone have been given an A-E grade for the

lettering. This follows the system outlined in the introduction to Volume I and used

in the thesis for discussing the quality and style of epigraphy. For inscriptions

published in RIB I, any new readings suggested in the addenda and corrigenda

section of the 1995 edition have been used. Certain critical signs have been retained

although the ends of lines have not been marked.

Critical signs:

(abc) letters omitted in the original through abbreviation[abc] letters lost but restored with confidence[.....] lacunaABC undeciphered lettersMain transcript in italics but erased letters given as normal type

In addition for the Vindolanda texts:

{{abc}} words / letters crossed out by the scribe

AabcA words inserted above the line

m 1 m2 mark change of hand

RELIGIOUS DEDICATIONS

Table Rl: Study group 1 - Religious inscriptions by military personnel.

36688139143144146147152235278305310316317320322323324326327429445447448450451452460575

582583587590601602635640653658659725726730732733111780792796797810812814815816817818819820

821822823824825826827828829830831832833837838840842843846882883890893894895897913918919926

94494696696898598898910221028102910301031103410411042105610721073107410751076108310851101112011211122112711281130

113111341136113711421143119811991208121012121215122112241225122712281262126312651266126712681269127012711272129913001303

130513191320132713281329133013341337139513961397139814211523152415271529153415351536153815401542154415451546157615771578

159715801582158315841585158615871589159115941599160016011665168316841685168616871688169617241725173117781779179117921795

187018721874187518771879188018811882188518881889189118961904190519551956197819791980198119831987198819912015202020242034

204220552057206220912092209320942096219721002104210721082109211721182120212121222123212421342135214021412144214621482149

2160216621672169217421752176217721892195

BRITANNIA:

x 1979 346 no. 7. xix 1988 491 no. 7

Table Rl: Study group 1- Religious inscriptions by military personnel.

Ref.RIB

3

66

88

139

143

144

146

147

152

235

278

305

310

316

317

Transcript Location Lettering

Vlpius Silvanus (miles) factus Arausione emeritusleg(ionis) IIAug(ustae) votum solvit London B

N]eptu[no] aram L(ucius) Aufidius Panterapraefect(us)clas(sis) Brit(annicae) Lympne BE

Matrib(us) Italis Germanis Gal(lis) Brit(annis) [AJntonius[Lujcretianus [b(ene)]f(iciarius) co(n)s(ularis) rest(ituit) Winchester AB

Genio loci.......... leg(ionis) VI [Vic(tricis)] Torianusv(otum) s(olvit) l(aetus) I(ibens) m(erito) Bath BC

[DJeae Sulipro salute et incolumitaftej Mar(ci) Aufid[i] [MJaximi c(enturionis) leg(ionis) VI Vic(tricis)[A]ufidius Eutuches leb(ertus) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Bath ABE

Deae Suli fpjro salute et [ijncolumitate Aufidi Maximic(enturionis) leg(ionis) VI Vic(tricis) M(arcus) AufidiusLemnus libertus v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Bath B

Deae Suli Min(ervae) et Numin(ibus) Aug(ustorum) G(aius) Curatius Saturninus c(enturio) leg(ionis) II Aug(ustae) pro se suisque v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Bath C

Dea[e] Suli [o]b s[alutem] sac(rum) G(ai) lavfoleni Sa]tur[nal]is [.......i]m[a]g[in]n(iferi) leg(ionis) IIAug(ustae)L(ucius) Manius Dionisias libe(r)t(us) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens)m(erito) Bath ?E

Locum religiosum per insolentiam erutum virtuti et n(umini)Aug(usti) repurgatum reddidit G(aius) Severius Emeritusc(enturio) reg(ionarius) Bath B

I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) et N(u)minib(us) Aug(ustorum) M(arcus) Vari(us) Severus b(eneficiarius) co(n)s(ularis) aram cum cancellis d(e) s(uo) p(osuit) Dorchester (Oxon) ?

Deo Marti Braciacae Q(uintus) Sittius Caecilian(us)praef(ectus) coh(ortis) I Aquitano(rum) v(otum) s(olvit) Bakewell B

D(eo) M(arti) Nodonti Fl(avius) Blandinus armaturav(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Lydney Park

Deo Marti Ocelo Ael(ius) A(u)gustinus op(tio)v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Caerwent BCE

T(itus) Fl(avius) Postumius [V]arus v(ir) c(larissimus)leg(atus) templ(um) Dianae restituit Caerleon AB

Deae [FJortunae [IJulius [Bajssus praef(ectus) castror(um) Caerleon B

(Table Rl)320 lovi O(ptimo) M(aximo) Dolich[e]n[o....] Pronto Aemilianus

[...] Calpurnius [....]Rufilianus [l]eg[atus] Augustorum monitu [... Caerleon ?

322 [Injvicto [Mitjhrae [.. Js Justus [... lejg(ionis) IIA ug(ustae)[b(ene)] m(erenti) f(ecit) Caerleon AB?

323 Dom(i)na Nemesis do tibipalleum el galliculas qui tulitnon redimat ni(si) v[i]ta sanguine suo Caerleon

324 Saluti Reginae Publius Sallienius P(ubli) f(ilius) Maecia (tribu) Thaflajmus Hadfria] pref(ectus) leg(ionis) II Afug(ustae)] cumfil(i)is suis Ampeiano et Luciliano d(ono) d(edit) Caerleon ABE

326 ...]pro saluti Aug(ustorum) N(ostrorum) Seven et Antonini et Getae Caes(aris) P(ublius) Saliienus P(ubli)f(ilius) Maecia (tribu) Thalam(u)s Hadri(a) praef(ectus) leg(ionis) II Aug(ustae) c(um) Ampeiano et Lucilia[no... Caerleon ABE

327 N(uminibus) Aug(ustorum) Genio leg(ionis) IIAug(ustae)in honorem mil[it(um)] M(arcus) Valerius] Feflix] p(rimus)p(ilus) d(ono) d(edit) d(e)d(icatum) Vllll Kal(endas) Oc[t]ob(res)P[e]r[e]gr(ino) eft Ae]m[i]l(iano) consulibus cur(ante) Vrsoactar(io) [l]e[g(ionis) e]ius[dem Caerleon ?

429 Deae Minervae Aur(elius) Sabinianus act(arius)v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Caernarvon C

445 Fortunae Reduci [A]esculap(io) et Saluti eius libert(i) etfamilia [T(iti)] Pfojmponi T(iti) f(ili) Gal(eria tribu) Mamilianfi] Rufi Antistiani Funisulan[i] Vetton[i]ani leg(ati) Aug(usti) d(ederunt) d(edicaverunt) Chester B

447 Genio c(enturiae) Aurelia(ni) lul(ius) Quintilianus Chester D

448 Genio sancto centurie Aelius Claudian(us) opt(io)v(otum) s(olvit) Chester CE

450 Pro sal(ute) Domin[oru]m N(ostrorum) Invict[i]ssimorum Aug(ustorum) Genio loci Fl[a]vius Long[us] trib(unus) mil(itum) leg(ionis) XX [V(aleriae V(ictricis) et] Longinus fil(ius) eius domo Samosata v(otum) s(olverunt) Chester BC

451 Genio signi[f(erorum)] leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis)T(itus) Fl(avius) Valerianus follegis d(ono) d(edit) Chester B

452 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) Tanarq L(ucius) Elufrius (?)Galer(ia tribu) Praesens [Cljunia pri(nceps) leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) Commodo et Laterano co(n)s(ulibus) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Chester ?E

460 Nymphis et Fontibus leg(io) XX V(aleria) V(ictrix) Chester AB

575 Fortunae Conservatrici L(ucius) Senecianius Martiusc(enturio) leg(ionis) VI Vict(ricis) Manchester B

582

583

Victoriae leg(ionis) VI Vic(tricis) Val(erius) Rufus v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)

(Table Rl)

Milnrow

587

590

601

602

635

640

653

658

659

725

Deo san(cto) [AJpollini Mapon(o) fprjo salute D(omini)N(ostri) [et] n(umeri) eq(uitum) Sar[m(atarum)]Bremetenn(acensium) [GJordiani [AJel(ius) Antoninusc(enturio leg(ionis) VI Vic(tricis) domo Melitenis praep(ositus)et pr(aefectus) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) [dejdic(atum)pr(idie) Kal(endas) Sept(embres) [imjp(eratore) d(omino)n(ostro) Gord[iano AJug(usto) II eft] Ponfpeiajnoco(n)sulibus Ribchester BE

...p]ro [sajl (ute) Im[p(eratoris) Caes(aris) Al]ex[andriAug(usti) N(ostri) et lul(iae) Mamaeae ma]t[r]is D(omini)N(ostri) et castr(orum) su[b cura] Val(eri) Crescentis Fulvianileg(ati) eius pr[o pr(aetore)] T(itus) Florid(ius) Natalisc(enturio) leg(ionis) praep(ositus) n(umeri) et regifonis]templum a solo ex responsu [dei rejstituit et dedicavit de suo. Ribchester AB

Pro Salute et Victoria invicti imp(eratoris) Mar(ci) Aur(eli)Sever(i) Antonini P(ii) F(elicis) Aug(usti) et lul(iae) Aug(ustae)matr(is) D(omini) N(ostri) et cas(trorum)[.....] Se(m)pr(oni... Ribchester BE

Deo Mart[i] Sabinufs] p(rae)p(ositus) et militfes] n(umeri)Barc(ariorum) s(ub) c(ura) eiius po[s(uerunt)] Lancaster ABE

Deo sancto Marti Cocidio Vibienus Lucius b(ene)f(iciarius)co(n)s(ularis) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Lancaster C

Verbeiae sacrum Clodius Pronto praef(ectus) coh(ortis) IILingon(um) Ilkley ?

Deo Arciacon(i) et N(umini) Aug(u)st(i) Mat(...) Vitalisord(inatus) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) York A

Mat(ribus) Af(ris) Ita(lis) Ga(llis) M(arcus) Minu(cius)Aude(ns) mil(es) leg(ionis) VI Vic(tricis) guber(nator)leg(ionis) VI v(otum) s(olvit) l(aetus) l(ibens) m(erito) York C

Deo sancto Serapi templum a solo fecit Cl(audius)Hieronymianus leg(atus) leg(ionis) VI Vic(tricis) York BC

D[eo sancto] Silvafno s(acrum)] L(ucius) CelerinfijusVitalis corni(cularius) leg(ionis) VlIIl His(panae)v(otum) s(olvit) l(aetus) l(ibens) m(erito) et donumhoc donum adpertiniat cautum attiggam York BE

Deo qui vias et semitas commentus est T(itus) Irdass(ingularis) c(onsularis) f(ecit) v(otum) l(aetus) l(ibens)m(erito) Q(uintus) Varius Vitalis b(ene)f(iciarius)co(n)s(ularis) aram sacram restituit Aproniano et Braduaco(n)s(ulibus) Catterick ?

726 Deae Suriae ara (m) G(aius) N(...) O(...) b(ene)f(iciarius) Catterick DE

730

732

733

772

780

792

796

(Table Rl)D(e)ae Fortunae Virius Lupus leg(atus) Aug(usti) pr(o) pr(aetore) balineum vi ignis exustum coh(orti) I Thracum restituit curante Val(erio) Frontone praef(ecto) eq(uitum) alae Vettonum Bowes

[Deo] Vinotono Silvano lul(ius) Secundus c(enturio) coh(ortis)I Thrac(um) v(otum) s(olvit) l(aetus) l(ibens) m(erito) Bowes

Deo Vinotono L(ucius) Caesius Frontinus praef(ectus) coh(ortis) I Thrac(um) domo Parma v(otum) s(olvit) l(aetus) l(ibens) m(erito) Bowes

Balatu[c]a(dro) sa(ncto) [pojsivit [. .Jtinus ex cuneo [... Jrum Brougham

BroughamDeo Marti [....] lanuarius n(umeri) eq(uitum) [St]ratonicianorum v(otum) m(erito) pro se et sois

I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) Genio loci Subr(ius) Apollinarisprincep(s) c(ohortis) I V(...)

Dibus Herculi et Silvano fe(cit) Primus cu(stos) ar(morum) pro se et vex(il)latione v(otum) s(olvens) l(ibens) m(erito)

Clifton

Haile

Moresby797 l(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) coh(ortis) II Tra(cum) eq(uitata)

c(ui) p(raeest) Mamius Nepos praef(ectus)

810 Dis deabusq(ue) P(aulus) Postumius Acilianus praef(ectus)coh(ortis) I Delm(atarum) Maryport

812 Genio loci Fortun(ae) Reduci Romae Aetern(ae) et Fato Bono G(aius) Cornelius Peregrinus trib(unus) cohor(tis) ex provincia Maur(etania) Caesa(riensi) domo Saldfijs d(ecurio) v(otum) s(olvit) l(aetus) l(ibens) m(erito) On back: Volanti vivas Maryport

814 lovi Aug(usto) M(arcus) Censorius M(arci) fil(ius) Voltinia (tribu) [Cjornelianus c(enturio) leg(ionis) [X Frjetensis prae[posi]tus coh(ortis) I Hisp(anorum) ex provincia Narbone[n(si)] domo Nemauso [v(otum)] s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Maryport

815 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) et num(ini) Aug(usti) coh(ors)I Hispa(norum) pos(uit) Maryport

816 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) coh(ors) I Hisp(anorum)eq(uitata) cuipraeest L(ucius) Antistius L(uci) f(ilius)Quirina (tribu) Lupus Verianus praef(ectus) domuSiccaex Africa Maryport

817 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) Coh(ors) I Hispano(rum) cuipraeest G(aius) Cab(allius) Priscus trib(unus) Maryport

818 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) G(aius) Cabal(lius) Priscustribunus Maryport

819 l(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) G(aius) Cabal(lius) Priscustrib(unus) Maryport

BE

CD

C

DE

CE

CDE

CE

CE

C

C

820

821

I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) G(aius) Caba(llius) Priscus tribun(us) [...

(Table Rl)

Maryport

822

823

824

825

826

827

828

829

830

831

832

833

837

838

I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) coh(ors) [I Hisp(anoritm)] eq(uitata) c(ui) p(raeest) Pub(lius) CornfeliusJ Pu[b(li)]fll(ius) Gal(eria tribu) Vr[....] [p]raef(ectus) [......] v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens)m(erito)

lovi Op(timo) M(aximo) coh(ors) I Hispa(norum) cui pra[e(est)] Helstrius Novefljlus praefect(us)

I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) coh(ors) I His(panorum) cui prae(est) M(arcus) Maenius Agrip(pa) tribu(nus) pos(uit)

lovi Op(timo) M(aximo) et num(ini) Aug(usti) M(arcus) Mae(nius) Agripp(a) tribunus pos(uit)

I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) et nitm(ini) Aug(usti) Mae(nius) Agrippa tribunus pos(uit)

I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) [.....] Maen(ius) [Agrip(pa)] tribu[n(us)]

Maryport

Maryport

Maryport

Maryport

Maryport

Maryport

I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) [L(ucius)] Cammi[u]s Maximus prae(fectus) coh(ortis) I His(panorum) eq(uitatae) e(t) tri(bunus) XVIII cohor(tis) Volu(ntariorum) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)

I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) L(ucius) Cammius Maximus praefectus coh(ortis) I Hispano(rum) eq(uitatae) v(otum) s(olvit) l(aetus) l(ibens) m(erito)

I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) L(ucius) Cammius Maxi(mus) pr(a)efe(ctus) coh(ortis) I His(panorum) eq(uitatae) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)

I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) coh(ors) I Baetasiorum c(ivium) R(omanorum) cuipraest T(itus) Attius Tutor praef(ectus) v(otum) s(olvit) l(aeta) l(ibens) m(erito)

I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) coh(ors) I Dalmatar(um) cui praeest L(ucius) Caecilius Veg[e]tus praefec(tus) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)

lovi Optim(o) Maxi(mo) Capitolino pro salut(e) Antonini Aug(usti) Pii Postumius Acilianuspraef(ectus) coh(ortis) I Delm(atarum)

I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) Acilianus praefect(us)

Maryport

Maryport

Maryport

Maryport

Maryport

Maryport

Maryport

Marti Militari coh(ors) I Baetasiorum c(ivium) R(omanorum) [c(ui)]praeest [T(itus) Attijus Tutor [praejfectus v(otum) s(olvit) l(aeta) l(ibens) m(erito) Maryport

Marti Militari coh(ors) I Baetasiorum c(ivium) R(omanorum)cui praeest V[l]pius Titianu(s) praef(ectus) v(otum) s(olvit)l(aeta) Hibens) m(erito) Maryport

BC

B

B

B

B

BD

B

B

B

B

B

B

840

842

843

846

882

883

890

893

894

895

897

913

Romae Aeternae et Fortunae Reduci

Victoriae Aug(ustae) coh(ors) IBaetasiorum c(ivium) R(omanorum) cuipraeest T(itus) Attius Tutor praefec(tus) v(otum) s(olvit) l(aeta) l(ibens) m(erito)

Victoriae Aug(ustae) coh(ors) 1 Baetasiorum c(ivium) R(omanorum) cuipraeest Vlpius Titianus praefectus v(otum) s(olvit) l(aeta) l(ibens) m(erito)

Helstrius Novellus praefectus numini Volcan[i] [p]o[s(uit)J

(Table Rl)Maryport

Maryport

Maryport

Maryport

B

AB

AB

...in cuneum Frisionum Aballavejnsium [...ex v(oto)p(osuit) (ante diem) Xllll [Kal(endas)] etXIII Kal(endas)Nov(embres) v(otum) *s(olvens) l(ibens) m(erito) [Gjordiano IIe(t) Ponpeiano co(n)[s(ulibus)] Papcastle

...l]eg(at.) Aug(usti) in c[u]neum Frisionum Aballavensium Phi\ipp(ianorum) (ante diem) XIIH Kal(endas) et (ante diem) XIII Kal(endas) Nov(embres) Gor(diano) II et Pompei(ano) co(n)s(ulibus) et Attico et Pre[te]xtato co(n)s(ulibus) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Papcastle

Deae Bellonae Rufmus prae[f(ectus)] eq(uitum) a[l]aeAug(ustae) et Lat[i]nianusfil(ius) Old Carlisle

I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) ala) Aug(usta) o[b] virtut(em)appel(ata) cu[i] [prjaeest Tib(erius) Cl(audius) Tib(eri)fi(lius) INGM Iustinu[s] praef(ectus) Fuscianfo] II SilanoII co(n)s(ulibus) Old Carlisle

I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) ala Aug(usta) ob virtutem [ajppellata cu[i] prae[e]st P(ublius) Ael(ius) Pub(li) f(ilius Sergia (tribu) Magnus d(omo) Mursa ex Pannon(ia) Inferiore praefec(tus) Aproniano et Br[a(dua) co(n)s(ulibus)] Old Carlisle

I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) [D(olicheno)?]pro salut[e]imp(eratoris) L(uci) Sept[i]m[i] Severi Aug(usti) n(ostri)e\zquites alae Aug(ustae) curan[t]e Egnatio Verecundopraef(ecto) posuerunt Old Carlisle

I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) pro salufte] imperatoris M(arci)Antoni Gordiani P(ii) [F(elicis)] Invicti Aug(usti) etSab[in]iae Furiae Tranquil (I in) ae coniugi eius totaque domudivin(a) eorum ala Aug(usta) Gordia(na) ob virtutem appellataposuit cuiprae(e)st Aemilius Crispinus pref(ectus) eq(uitum) natusin pro(vincia) Africa de Tusdro sub cur(a) Nonii Philippi leg(ati)Aug(usti) pro pre[to(re)] [Atjtico et Praetextato co(n)s(ulibus) Old Carlisle

[I(ovi)] O(ptimo) M(aximo) [et G(enio)] D(ominorum) N(ostrorum) Va[leri]ani et G[allie]ni et Vale[ria]ni nob(ilissimi) Ces(aris)p(iorum) [f(elicium)J Aug<g>ustor(um) [numejrus [....] [?s(ub) c(ura) ...Jarini Aureli [c(enturionis)

AB

AB

ABD

BC

B

BD

CDE

leg(ionis) II] Aug(ustae) voto dofnjavi(t) Cardewlees ?E

10

(Table Rl)918 Deo Marti Belatucadro et Numinib(us) Aug(ustorum) lulius

Augustalis actor M(i) Lupipref(ecti) Old Penrith CE

919 Deabus Mdlribus Tramarinis et N(umini) imp(eratoris)Alexandra Aug(usti) et lul(iae) Mammeae matr(i) Aug(usti) n(ostri) et castrorum toftique eorum] domui divine aefdem ruina dilapsam vexiljlatio M[a]r[sacorum (?)..... Old Penrith ?E

926 Omnibus Dibus Vnsenis Fersomeris Burcanius ArcaviusVagdavarcustus Pou[..]c[.]arus vex(illationis) MA VI[...pr]osalute sua et suorum v(otum) s(olverunt) l(ibentes) m(erito) Old Penrith CE

944 Geni[o cent]uria[e] [c(enturia)] Bassifli] Crescefntis]don[o djonbavit Carlisle ?E

946 Dei Hercfulis... Injvicti Con[ virtu] tibus pro sa[lute ipsiuset] commilitonfum caesa manuj barbarorufm ab ala Augusta]ob virtu [tern appellata] P(ublius) Sextaniu[s.....praef(ectus)e civijtat(e) Traia[nens(ium) v(otum) solvit) l(ibens) m(erito)] Carlisle A

966 Deo sancto Cocidio Paternius Maternus tribunus coh(ortis) INervane ex evocato Palatino v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Netherby CDE

968 Deae sanctae Fortunae Conservatrici Marcus AureliusSalvius tribunus coh(ortis) I Ael(iae) Hispanorum m(illiariae) eq(uitatae) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Netherby C

985 Deo sancti Cocidio Annius Victor centur(io)? legionifsj E Bewcastle CD

988 Sancto Cocideo Aurunc(eius) Felicessimus tribun(us) exevocato v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Bewcastle CDE

989 Deo sancto Cocidio Q(uintus) Peltrasi[u]s Maximus trib(unus) ex corniculario praef(ectorum) pr[a]etorio em(inentissimorum) v(irorum) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Bewcastle BE

1022 [I(ovi)] O(ptimo) M(aximo) Dolychenfo] lul(ius) Valentinfus] ord(inatus) Ger(mania) Su[p(eriore)] ex iussu ipsius posuit pro se et suis l(aetus) l(ibens) m(erito) [Prjaesente et Extricato II co(n)s(ulibus) Piercebridge BE

1028 [Aescjculapio [et] Saluti [pro salujte alae Vet[tonum] c(ivium) R(omanorum) M(arcus) Aureflius ...Jocomas mefdicus v(otum) s(olvit)] l(ibens) m(erito) Binchester A

1029 [Fjortunae sanctae M(arcus) Val(erius) Fulvianufs] praef(ectus)eq(uitum) v(otum) s(olvit) l(aetus) l(ibens) m(erito) Binchester AB

1030 l(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) et Matribus Ollototis sive Transmarinis Pomponius Donatus b(ene)f(iciarius) co(n)s(ularis) pro salute sua et suorum v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) a(nimo) Binchester C

1041 N[u]m i[ni]b (us) [A uguslJorum et Silvano Invicto sacrumG(aius) Tetius Veturius Micianus pref(ectus) alae Sebosianaeob aprum eximiae formae captum quern multi antecessoreseius praedari nonpotuerunt v(oto) s(uscepto) l(ibens) p(osuit) Bollihope Common BE

11

1042

1056

1072

1073

1074

1075

1076

1083

1101

1120

1121

1122

1127

1128

1130

1131

Deo Silvano A urelius Quirinus pr(aefectus) f(ecit)

[...jfancte et Numinifbus Aug(ustorum)..(...)] Domitius Epictetfus ...... cum] commilitionibus templufm ...

[Aesculajpio T(itus) Fl(avius) Titianus trib(unus) v(otum) s(olvit) l(aetus) l(ibens) m(erito)

Fortunae Aug(ustae) sacr(um) P(ublius) Ael(ius) Atticus praef(ectus) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)

Deae Garmangabi et Numini Gor[di]ani Aug(usti) n(ostri) pr[o] sal(ute) vex(illationis) Sueborum Lon(govicianorum) Gor(dianae) (vexillarii) votum solverunt m(erito)

(Table Rl)Eastgate AB

South Shields ABE

Lanchester

Lanchester

Lanchester

Genio praetori Cl(audius) Epaphroditus Claudianus tribunus c(o)ho(rtis) I Ling(onum) v(otum) l(ibens) p(osuit) m(erito) Lanchester

fl(ovi)j O(ptimo) M(aximo) [ordjinati coh(ortis) [I F(idae)]Vard[ul]lor(um) c(ivium) R(omanorum) eq(uitatae) m(illiariae)v(otum) s(olverunt) l(aeti) l(ibentes) m(erito) Lanchester

Num(ini) Aug(usti) et Gen(io) coh(ortis) I F(idae) Vardullorum c(ivium) R(omanontm) eq(uitatae) m(illiariae) sub Antistio Advento leg(ato) Aug(usti) pr(o) pfr(aetore)] F(lavius) Titianus trib(unus) d(e) s(uo) d(edit)

1085 Deo Silvano Marc(us) Didius Provincialis b(ene)f(iciarius)co(n)sfularis) v(otum) s(olvit) l(aetus) l(ibens) m(erito)

D[eae s(anctae) MinerJvae lul(ius) Gr[...]nus actar[ius] coh(ortis) HH Br[eucor(um)] Antoninian[ae v(otum) s(olvit)] l(aetus) l(ibens) m(erito)

Apollini Mapono Q(uintus) Terentius Q(uinti) f(ilius) Ouffentina tribu) Firmus Saen(a) praef(ectus) castr(orum) leg(ionis) VI V(ictricis) P(iae) F(idelis) d(edit) d(edicavit)

[Apjollini Maponfo Calpujrnius [...] trib(unus) dedicavit

Lanchester

Lanchester

Ebchester

Corbridge

Corbridge

[Deo M]apo[no] Apo[llini] P(ublius) Ae[...]lus c(enturio)[leg(ionis) VI VJic(tricis) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Corbridge

Discipulinae Augustorum leg(io) II Aug(usta) Corbridge

[Disci]p(linae) Augustofrum militjes coh(ortis) I V[ardullo]rum(milliaria) [c(ivium) R(omanorum) eq(uitatae) cui] praees[tPub(lius) Calpurjnius Vic[tor] Corbridge

I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) [p]ro salutfe] [vjexillationum leg(ionum) XX [V(aleriae) V(ictricis)] [e]t VI Vic(tricis) miflites a]ge[n]t[(es) inp[.... Corbridge

lovi Aeterno Dolicheno et Caelesti Brigantiae et SalutiG(aius) Julius Apolinaris c(enturio) leg(ionis) VI iuss(u) dei Corbridge

BC

BC

B

BC

BC

ABE

AB

ABE

B

BCE

12

(Table Rl)1134 Deae MfinervaeJ T(itus) Tertini[us....] libr(arius) ex

[voto pos(uit)] Corbridge ?

1136 Deo san(cto) Silvanfo militejs vexil[lat(ionis) leg(ionis)] II Aug(ustae) et c[olle]g[ium] Si[l]vanianorum aram de suo pos(uerunt) vol(entes) lib(entes) Corbridge ?

1137 Soli Invicto vexillatio leg(ionis) VI Vie(trids) P(iae) F(idelis) f(ecit) sub cur a Sex(ti) Calpurni Agricolae leg(ati) Aug(usti) pr(o) pr(aetore) Corbridge A

1142 LEG A[...J Q(uintus) Calpurnius Concessionspraef(ectus)eq(uitum) caesa Corionototarun manu praesentissimi numinisdei v(otum) s(olvit) Corbridge ?E

1143 [..... Jsit [..... Jnorus [...prjaep(ositus) cu[ram] agens horr(eorum) tempo[r]e expeditions felicissi(mae) Brittannic(ae) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Corbridge CE

1198 D[e]o Apo[lli]n[i] G(aius) [....]ius [....] coh(ortis) [II]Ne[r(viorum)].... Whitley Castle ?

1199 Deo Herculi G(aius) Vitellius Atticianus c(enturio) leg(ionis)VI V(ictricis) P(iae) F(idelis) Whitley Castle C

1208 Dis cultoribus huiu[s] loci lul(ius) Victor trib(unus) Risingham B

1210 Fortunae sacrum G(aius) Valerius Longinus trib(unus)[F]ortun[ae] sacrum G(aius) Val(erius) Longinus trib(unus) Risingham AB

1212 Fortunae Reduc[i] lulius Severinus trib(unus) explicitobalineo v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Risingham BE

1215 Deo Invicto Herculi sacr(um) L(ucius) Aemil(ius) Salvianus tr[i]b(unus) coh(ortis) I Vangi(onum) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Risingham B

1221 Marti Victori [I]ul(ius) Publi(lius) [PJius trib(unus)v(otum slolvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Risingham ?

1224 Matribus Tramarinis lul(ius) Victor v(otum) s(olvit)l(ibens) m(erito) Risingham BE

1225 [D]eo Mogonito Cad(...) et N(umini) d(omini) n(ostri) Aug(usti) M(arcus) Gfavius?) Secundinus [b(ene)]f(iciarius) co(n)s(ularis) Habitanciprima stat(ione) pro se et suis posu[it] Risingham CDE

1227 Numinib(us) Augustor(um) coh(ors) IHI Gal(lorum)eq(uitata) fec(it) Risingham AB

1228 Somnio praemonitus miles hanc ponere iussitaram quae Fabio nupta est Nymphis venerandis Risingham D

1262 Genio D(omini) N(ostri) et S(ignorum) coh(ortis) IVardul[l(orum)] et n(umeri) Explorator(um) Brem(eniensium)Gor(diani) Egnat(ius) Lucilianus leg(atus) Aug(usti) pr(o)pr(aetore) curante Cassio Sabiniano trib(uno) High Rochester BE

13

(Table Rl)1263 Genio et Signis coh(ortis) 1 F(idae) Vardul(lorum) c(ivium)

R(omanorum) eq(uitatae) m(illiariae) T(itus) Licinius Valerianus [t]rib(unus) High Rochester BC

1265 Deo Matunopro salute M(arci) [AJurfeli...... bono generishumani imperante G(aius) [lulius Marcus] leg(atus) Aug(usti)pr(o) pr(aetore) posuit ac dedicavit c(uram) a(gente)Caecil(io) Optato trib(uno) High Rochester ABE

1266 Deae Minerve lul(ius) Carantus singular is) c(onsularis) High Rochester ABE

1267 Deae sanctae Minervae Flavius Severinus trib(unus) aramdedit High Rochester AB

1268 Deae Minervae et Genio collegi Caecil(ius) Optatus trib(unus)v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) High Rochester AB

1269 Dis Mo(g)untibus lul(ius) Firminus dec(urio) f(ecit) High Rochester B

1270 D(eae) R(omae) s(acrum) dupl(icarii) n(umeri) explor(atorum) Bremen(iensium) aram instituerunt n(atali) eius c(urante) Caep(ione) Charitino trib(uno) v(otum) s(olventes) l(ibentes) m(erito) High Rochester A

1271 Silvano [Pajntheo fpjro saflute Ru]fin[i] trib(uni) et [Ljucillae eius Eutychus lib(ertus) c(um) s(uis) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) High Rochester BC

1272 Deo Invicto et Soli soc(io) sacrum pro salute et incolumitate imp(eratoris) Caes(aris) M(arci) Aureli Antonini Pii Felic(is) Aug(usti) L(ucius) Caecilius Optatus trib(unus) coh(ortis) I Vardul(lorum) cum con[se]craneis votum deo [....] a solo extruct[um..... High Rochester AB

1299 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) coh(ors) HII Lingonum eq(uitata) cui attendit lul(ius) Honoratus c(enturio) leg(ionis) II Aug(ustae) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Wallsend D

1300 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) Ael(ius) Rufus praef(ectus)coh(ortis) HII Lingonum Wallsend B

1303 Dio M(ercurio) s[igil(lum)?] d(edicavit) etp(osuit) coh(ors)IINer[vioru]m pago [.... Jdiorum Wallsend CE

1305 .. .Jtypum cum basfij et templum fecit G(aius) Iu[l(ius)]Maximinus [c(enturio)] leg(ionis) VI Vi[c(tricis)] ex voto Wallsend A

1319 Neptuno le(gio) VI Vi(ctrix) P(ia) F(idelis) Newcastle AB

1320 Ociano leg(io) VI Vi(ctrix) P(ia) F(idelis) Newcastle ABE

1327 Deo Antenocitico et Numinibus Augustor(um) Ael(ius) Vibius) c(enturio) leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Benwell AB

14

(Table Rl)

1328 Deo An[t]enocitico sacrum coh(ors) I Va[n]gion(um) quib(us) prae est [.,.]c(ius) Cassifanusp]raef(ectus) [v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens)] m(erito) Benwell AB

1329

1330

1334

1337

1395

1396

1397

1398

1421

1523

1524

1527

1529

1534

1535

Deo Anocitico iudiciis Optimorum MaximorumqueImp(eratorum) N(ostrorum) sub Vlp(io) Marcello co(n)s(ulari)Tineius Longus in p[re]feotura equitufm] lato clavo exornatuset q(uaestor) d(esignatus) Benwell CE

I(ovi) O(ptimo) [M(aximo) Dolicjheno et N[u]minibusAug(ustorum) pro salute imp(eratoris) Caesaris T(iti) AeliHadr(iani) Antonini Aug(usti) Piip(atris) p(atriae) et leg(ionis)II Aug(ustae) M(arcus) Liburnius Pronto c(enturio) leg(ionis)eiusdem v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Benwell B

Matri<ri>bus Campes[t]r[i]b(us) et Genio alaepri(mae)?Hispanorum Asturum [.....] Gordi[a]nae T(itus) Agrippapraef(ectus) templum a so(lo) restituit Benwell BDE

Victoriae [Aujg(ustorum) Alfeno Senecion[e] co(n)s(ulari) felix ala Astofrujm [..] M PRA Benwell ?E

Deo Invicto Mytrae P(ublius) Ael(ius) Titullus prae(fectus)v(otum) s(olvit) l(aetus) l(ibens) m(erito) Rudchester CE

Deo Soli Invic(to) Tib(erius) Cl(audius) Dec(i)musCornel(ius) Antonius praef(ectus) templ(um) restit(uit) Rudchester CE

Soli Apollini Aniceto [Mithrae] Apon[i]us Rogatianus [.... Rudchester B

Deo L(ucius) Sentius Castus (centurio) leg(ionis) VId(ono) p(osuit) Rudchester B

Matrib(us) templ(um) cum ara vex(illatio) coh(ortis) I Vard(ullorum) instante P(ublio) D(...) V(...) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Hadrian's Wall C

De(ae) Conveti(nae) vot(um) ret(t)ulit Maus(aeus) optioc(o)ho(rtis) p(rimae) Frixiav(onum) Carrawburgh BCE

Deae Coventine coh(orti) I Cubernorum Aur(elius)Campester v(otum) p(osuit) l(aeto) a(nimo) Carrawburgh BCE

[Ni] mphae Coventinae [....]tianus dec[u]ri(o) [...]S[.]E...V [...] m(erito) Carrawburgh ABE

Deae Coventine P[...Janus m(i)l(es) c(o)ho(rtis) VReto[rum] votum libes animo r(eddidit) et posivit Carrawburgh CE

Deae Cowentinae T(itus) D(...) Cosconianuspr(aefectus)coh(ortis) I Bat(avorum) l(ibens) m(erito) Carrawburgh BE

Cowen[ti(nae)] Aelius [....]plusp[ref(ectus)] coh(ortis) IBat(avorum) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Carrawburgh BE

15

1536

1538

1540

1542

1544

1545

1546

1576

1577

1578

1579

1580

1582

1583

1584

1585

1586

Fortunae coh(ors) I Batavor(um) cut praeest M(arcus) Flaccinius Marcellus prae(fectus)

Genio hu(i)us loci Texand(ri) etSuue(vae) vex(illarii) cohor(tis) II Nerviorum

Matribus Albinius Quart(us) mil(es) d(edicavit)

Minervae Quinftjus architect(us) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)

Deo Inv(icto) M(ithrae) L(ucius) Antonius Proculus praef(ectus) coh(ortis) I Bat(avorum) Antoninianae v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)

(Table Rl)

Carrawburgh

Carrawburgh

Carrawburgh

D(eo) In(victo) M(ithrae) s(acrum) Aul(us) Cluentius Habitus pra(e)f(ectus) coh(ortis) I Bat(avorum) domu Vltin(i)a Colon(ia) Sept(imia) Aur(elia) L(arino) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Carrawburgh

Deo Invicto Mitrae M(arcus) Simplicius Simplex pref(ectus)v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Carrawburgh

Deabus Alaisiagis Baudihillie et Friagabi et Numini Aug(usti)n(umerus) Hnaudifridi v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Housesteads

Cocidio [et] Genio prfaejsidi Valerius m(iles) l[e]g(ionis) VI V(ictricis) P(iae) F(idelis) v(oto) p(osuit) Housesteads

Deo Silvano Cocidio Q(uintus) Florius Maternus praef(ectus)coh(ortis) I Tung(rorum) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Housesteads

Diis deabusque secundum interpretalionem oraculi Clari Apollinis coh(ors) I Tungrorum

Herculi coh(ors) I Tungror(um) mil(liaria) cui praeest P(ublius) Ael(ius) Modestus praeffectus)

Housesteads

Housesteads

I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) milites leg(ionis) II A[ug(ustae)] Housesteads

l(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) et Numinibus Aug(ustorum) coh(ors) I Tungrorum mil(liaria) cui praeest Q(uintus) Verius Superstis prae[fec]tus

DE

C

Carrawburgh C

Carrawburgh A

BE

BE

CE

l(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) et deo Cocidio Genioq(ue) hui(u)sloci mil(ites) leg(ionis) II Aug(ustae) agentes inpraesidiov(otum) s(olverunt) l(ibentes) m(erito) Housesteads

I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) et Numinibus Aug(ustorum)coh(ors) I T[un]gror(um) cui praeest Q(uintus) lul(ius)Maximus praef(ectus) Housesteads

I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) et Numinibus Aug(ustorum)coh(ors) I Tungr[orum] cu[i] prae(e)st Q(uintus) luliusC[ujrsus 9 praef(ectus) v(otum) [s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)] Housesteads BC

AB

ABE

B

C

CE

BC

Housesteads BE

16

(Table Rl)

1587 I(ovi) O(ptimo) [-M(aximo)] et Numinibus [.............Jrius[.]upe[......p]raefectu[s] Housesteads B

1589 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) pro salute Desidieni Ae[mi]liani praeffectij et sua su[oru]m posuit vot[um]q(ue) solvit libens Tusco et Basso co(n)s(ulibus) Housesteads CDE

1591 Deo Marti Quint(us) Floriiis Maternus praef(ectus)coh(ortis) I Tung(rorum) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Housesteads B

1594 Deo Marti et duabus Alaisiagis et N(umini) Aug(usti)Ger(mani) cives Tuihanti cunei Frisiorum Ver(covicianorum)Se(ve)r(iani) Alexandriani votum solverunt libentfesj m(erito) Housesteads B

1599 Deo Soli Invicto Mytrae Saeculari Litorius Pacatianusb(ene)f(iciarius) co(n)s(ularis) pro se et suis v(otum) s(olvit)l(ibens) m(erito) Housesteads ADE

1600 Deo Soli Invicto Mitrae Saeculari Publ(icius) ? Proculinusc(enturio) pro se et Proculo fil(io) suo v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens)m(erito) Dominis Nostris Gallo et Volusi(a)no co(n)s(ulibus) Housesteads BDE

1601 D(eo) Soli Herion v(otum) l(ibens) m(erito) Housesteads C

1665 Deo Apoll(i)n(i) Melonius Senilis expl(orator) Ger(mania) Sup(eriore) (votum) s(usceptum) s(olvit) l(aetus) l(ibens) m(erito) Hadrian's Wall C

1683 Deo Cocidio Decimus Caerellius Victor pr(aefectus) coh(ortis)II Ner(viorum) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Vindolanda B

1684 Fortunaep(opuli) R(omani)? G(aius) lul(ius) Raeticusc(enturio) leg(ionis) VI Vict(ricis) Vindolanda B

1685 Genio praetori sacrum Pituanius Secundus praefectuscoh(ortis) IIII Gall(orum) Vindolanda B

1686 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) ceterisque diis immort(alibus) et Gen(io) praetor(i) Q(uintus) Petronius Q(uinti) f(ilius) Fabfia tribu) Vrbicus praef(ectus) coh(ortis) IIII Gallorum ........ ex Italia domo Brixia votum solvit pro se ac suis Vindolanda B

1687 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) et Genio diisq(ue) custodib(us) coh(ortis) II[II] Gall(orum) et Vindo(landae) Caecil(ius) .........? Vindolanda BC

1688 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) (c]oh(ors) IIII G[al]l(orum) fcuji p[rae]est L(ucius) [..Jgius Puden[s] pr[a]efect(us) [a]ram [pjosuit v(otum) [l(ibens)] m(erito) s(olvit) Vindolanda C

1696 [.....] Silvano M(arcus) Aurelius Modestus b(ene)f(iciarius)cofn)s(ularis) provinciae super [i] or [i]s leg(ionis) II Aug(ustae) Vindolanda CE

1724 D[(e)ae F]or[t]u(nae) vexs(illatio) G(aesatorum) Reto(rum)quorum curam agit Tabeltius Victor c(enturio) Great Chesters BCE

17

(Table Rl)

1725 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) D[ol]ic(h)eno Lucius Maximius Gaetulicus c(enturio) leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Great Chesters BE

1731 Victoriae Aug(usti) coh(ors) VI Nerviorum cuipraeest G(aius) M(ius) Barbaras praefec(tus) v(otum) s(olvit) l(aeta) l(ibens) m(erito) Great Chesters B

1778 Fortunae Augustae pro salute L(uci) Aeli Caesaris ex visuT(itus) Fla(vius) Secundus praef(ectus) coh(ortis) I HamiorumSagittar(iorum) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Carvoran B

1779 Fortun[ae] Audac(ilius) Romanus c(enturio) leg(ionum)VI XX IIAug(ustae) Carvoran B

1791 Imminet Leoni Virgo caelesti situ spicifera iusti inventrix urbium conditrix ex quis muneribus nosse contigit deos: ergo eadem mater divum Pax Virtus Ceres dea Syria lance vitam et iura pensitans. in caelo visum Syria sidus edidit Lybiae colendum: inde cuncti didicimus. ita intellex.it numine inductus tuo Marcus Caecilius Donatianus militans tribunus in praefecto dono principis. Carvoran BCE

1792 Deae Suriae sub Calpurnio Ag[r] ico[la] leg(ato) Au[g(usti)] pr(o) pr(aetore) Lic[in]ius [C]lem[ens praef(ectus) cojh(ortis) I Hafmiorum] Carvoran BCE

1795 Deo sanctfo] Veteri lul(ius) Pastor imag(inifer) coh(ortis)II Delma(tarum) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Carvoran CD

1870 [Deo sancto Si]l[v]an[o] [Fjlavius Marcellinus dec(urio)v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Hadrian's Wall B

1872 Deo Cocidio coh(ors) I Aelia [Dacorum c(ui) p(raeest) TerejntiusValerianus [trib(unus) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)] Birdoswald ?

1874 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) co(hors) I Aelia Dacorum qu(i)b(us)pr(a)eest Ammonius Victorinus trib(unus) Birdoswald CDE

1875 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) [co]h(ors) I Ael(ia) Dac[orum] c(ui) p(rae)est [Ajurelius Fa(u)s[t]us trib(unus) Perpetuo co(n)s(ule) Birdoswald BCE

1877 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) c[o]h(ors) I Aelia Daco[r]umAug(usta) [cut]p(raeest) Aur(elius) [..... Birdoswald ?

1879 I(avi) O(ptimo) [M(aximo) coh(ors) I Ael(ia)] Dac(orum) cu[ipr]aeest [.] Funisulfanjus Vettofnijanus t[ri]b(unus) v(otum) [s(olvit)] l(ibens) m(erito) Birdoswald BC

1880 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) coh(ors) I Ael(ia) Dacor(um) c(uius) c(uram) a(git) lul(ius) Marcellinus c(enturio) leg(ionis) IIAug(ustae) Birdoswald AB

18

(Table Rl)

1881 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) c(o)ho(rs) I A[el(ia)J Dac(orum)cui pfraejest Iuliu[sJ SaturninfusJ tribun[usj Birdoswald B

1882 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) et N(umini) Aug(usti) coh(ors) I Ael(ia)Dac(orum) c(ui) p(raeest) M(arcius) Gallicus trib(unus) Birdoswald CD

1885 Primary: Deo Co[c]i[dioSecondary: I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) coh(ors) I Ael(ia)D[a]c(orum) Tetricianorum c(ui) p(raeest) Pomp[oni]usD[eside]rat[us...] t[rib(unus)..... Birdoswald D

1888 [I(ovi)J O(ptimo) M(aximo) [coh(ors) I AJel(ia) Dac(orum)[cmprjaeest [.....Jus Con[...tjrib(unus) Birdoswald AB

1889 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) coh(ors) I Ae(lia) Dac(orum) cui[p]raees[t] [.... Birdoswald AB

1896 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) [D(olicheno)] coh(ors) I A[el(ia)Dac(orum)] c(ui) p(raeest) Flavifus Ma]ximia[nus] trib(unus)ex fevoc(ato) c(ohortis)] Ipr(aetoriae) Mafximin(ianae)] Birdoswald D

1904 Signis et N(umini) Aug(usti) coh(ors) I Ael(ia) [Dacorum] Birdoswald B

1905 Deo sancto Silvano venatores Banniess(es) Birdoswald BE

1955 Deo Cocidio milites l[eg(ionis)] II Aug(ustae) [v(otum)]s(olverunt) l(ibentes) m(erito) Hadrian's Wall BC

1956 Deo Cocidio milites leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) v(otum)s(olverunt) l(ibentes) m(erito) Apr(...) et Ruf(...) co(n)s(ulibus) Hadrian's Wall B

1978 Primary: Discipufljinae [A]ug(ustorum trium)Secondary: Discipufljinae [A]ug[gg] usti Castlesteads BCE

1979 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) coh(ors) IIII Gallorum eq(uitata)cui pr[ae(e)]s[t] Caf.Js...] lr[... Castlesteads C

1980 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) coh(ors) IIII Gallorum c(ui) p(raeest)Volcacius Hospes pref(ectus) eq(uitum) Castlesteads CE

1981 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) coh(ors) II Tungr(orum) m(illiaria) eq(uitata) c(oram) l(audata) cui praeest Alb(ius) Severus praef(ectus) Tung(rorum) insta(nte) Vic(...) Severo principi Castlesteads B

1983 [I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) ] et Numifni Aug(usti)] n(ostri)coh(ors) II Tu[n]gror(um) Gor(diana) eq(uitata) c(oram) l(audata) cui praeest Ti(berius) Cl(audius) Claudi[anus] praef(ectus) instante [P(ublio)] Ael(io) Mart[i]n[o] princ(ipe) K(alendis) lan(uariis) i[mp(eratore) d(omino) n(ostro)] G(ordiano) Aug(usto) II [et Pompeiano co(n)s(ulibus)]

Castlesteads B

1987 [De]o Marti [s(ancto) e]t N(umini) <G> Aug(usti) [....]Paco[ni]us Satufrnijnus [praef(ectus) ] Castlesteads CE

19

(Table Rl)

1988 [Deabujs [MatJrib'ufsJ omnium gentium templum olimvetustate conlabsum G(aius) lul(ius) Cupitianus c(enturio)p(rae)p(ositus) restituit Castlesteads B

1991 N(umini) Aug(usti) deo Vanaunti Aurel(ius) Armigerdec(urio) princ(eps) Castlesteads BC

2015 [DJeo Marti [Cjocidio [..] Martius [c(enturio) c]oh(ortis) I Baft(avorum) etj Genio ...Jvali fv(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens)] m(erito) Hadrian's Wall C

2020 Deo Cocidio milites leg(ionis) VI Vic(tricis) P(iae) F(idelis) Hadrian's Wall B

2024 Marti Coc(idio) m(ilites) leg(ionis) II Aug(ustae) c(enturia) Sanctiana c(enturia) Secundini d(ono) sol(verunt) sub cura Aeliani c(enturionis) cura(vit) Oppius [F]elix optio Hadrian's Wall B

2034 ....] L(ucius) lunius Victorinus Fl[av(ius)] Caelianus leg(atus) Aug(usti) leg(ionis) VI Vic(tricis) P(iae) F(idelis) ob res trans vallum prospere gestas Hadrian's Wall AB

2042 [I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) e]t Numinibus Aug(ustorum) n(umerus) Maur[o]rum Aur(elianorum) Valeriani(anus) Gallieni(anus) q(uorum) c(uram) a(git) Fl(avius) Vibianus trib(unus) coh(ortis) [p(rae)]p(ositus) n(umeri) s(upra)s(cripti) i(n)st[a]nte lul(io) Rufino principe Burgh-by-Sands CE

2055 Matribus suis milite[s..... Hadrian's Wall B

2057 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) pro salute d(ominorum) n(ostrorum) Galli et Volusiani Aug(ustorum) Sulpicius Secundianus trib(unus) coh(ortis) [pjosuit Bowness-on-Solway D

2062 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) coh(ors) HII Gal(l)or(um) et NaeviusHilarus praef(ectus) cur [am ag(ente)] Firm[...] Hadrian's Wall ?

2091 Brigantiae s(acrum) Amandus arc(h)itectus ex imperioimp(eratum fecit) Birrens BCE

2092 Discip(linae) Aug(usti) coh(ors) II Tungr(orum) mil(liaria)eq(uitata) c(oram) l(audata) Birrens A

2093 Fortunae coh(ors) I Nervana Germanor(um) m(illiaria)eq(uitata) Birrens B

2094 Fortunae [pro] salute P(ubli) Campa[ni] Italici praef(ecti) coh(ortis) I[I] Tun(grorum) Celer libertus [v(otum)] s(olvit) l(aetus) l(ibens) m(erito) Birrens BC

2096 Deae Harimellae sac(rum) Gamidiahus arc(h)it(ectus)v(otum) s(olvit) l(aetus) l(ibens) m(erito) Birrens B

2097 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) coh(ors) I Nervana Germanor(um) m(illiaria) eq(uitata) cui praeest L(ucius) Faenius Felix trib(unus) Birrens B

20

(Table Rl)

2100 Marti et Victoriae A ugusti c(ives) Raeii milit(antes) in coh(orte) II Tungr(orum) cuipraeest Silvius Auspex praeffectus) v(otum) s(olverunt) l(ibentes) m(erito) Birrens AB

2104 Deae Minervae coh(ors) II Tungrorum mil(liaria) eq(uitata) c(oram) l(audata) cui praeest G(aius) Silv(ius) Auspex praef(ectus) Birrens BC

2107 Deae Ricambedae pagus Vellaus milit(ans) coh(orte) IITung(rorum) v(otum) s(otvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Birrens B

2108 Deae Viradecthipa[g]us Condrustis milit(ans) in coh(orte) IITungror(um) sub Silvia Auspice praeffecto) Birrens B

2109 Dib(us) Deab(us)q(ue) omnib(us) Frumentius mil(es)coh(ortis) II Tungr(orum) Birrens ADE

2117 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) ve[x]il(I)atio Retorum Gaesat(ontm)q(uorum) c(uram) a(git) lul(ius) Sever(imis) trib(unus) Cappuck BE

2118 ....] coh(ors) 1 Fid(a) Vardul(lorum) c(ivium) R(omanorum) m(illiaria) eq(uitata) et G(aius) Quintius Severus trib(unus)

coh(ortis) eiusdem dom(o) Camil(ia tribu) Ravenna v(otum) s(olverunt) l(aeti) l(ibentes) m(erito) Cappuck BC

2120 Deo Apollini L(ucius) Maximius Gaetulicus c(enturio)leg(ionis) Newstead B

2121 Campestr(ibus) sacrum Ael(ius) Marcus dec(urio) alaeAitg(ustae) Vocontio(rum) v(otum) s(olvit) l(aetus) l(ibens)m(erito) Newstead B

2122 Dianae Reginae o[b] prosperofs] eventus G(aius) Arrius Domitianus c(enturio) leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) v(otum) s(olvit) l(aetus) l(ibens) m(erito) Newstead B

2123 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) G(aius) Arrius Domitianus c(entuno) leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictncis) v(otum) s(olvit) l(aetus) l(ibens) m(erito) Newstead B

2124 Deo Silvano pro salute sua et suorum G(aius) ArriusDomitianus c(enturio) leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis)v(otum) s(olvit) l(aetus) l(ibens) m(erito) Newstead B

2134 I(avi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) coh(ors) V Gall(orum) cui praeest L(ucius) Minthonius Tertullus praeffectus) v(otum) s(olvit) l(aeta) l(ibens) m(erito) Cramond BDE

2135 Matrib(us) Alatervis et Matrib(us) Campestrib(us) coh(ortis)I [I] Tungr(orum) ins(tante) VERSC arm(atura) 9 [c(enturione)]leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) Cramond ?

2140 Herculi Magusan(o) sacrum Valerius) Nigrinusdupli(carius) alae Tungrorum Mumrills B

2141 Cassius sign(ifer) Matribus (..,. Mumrills D

21

(Table Rl)

2144 Victoriae coh(ors) VI Nerviorum c(uius) c(uram agit)Fl(avius) Betto c(enturio) leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis)v(otum) s(olvit) l(aeta) l(ibens) m(erito) Rough Castle

2146 Fortunae vexillationes leg(ionis) II Aug(ustae) leg(ionis) VI

Vic(tricis) P(iae) F(idelis) p(osuerunt) l(aetae) l(ibentes) Castlecary

2148 Deo Mercurio milites leg(ionis) VI Victricis Pie F(idelis)

ed(em) et sigillum cives Italici et Norici v(otum) s(olverunt) l(aeti) l(ibentes) m(erito)

2149 Deo Neptuno cohors I Fid(a) Vardul(lorum) c(ivium) R(omanorum) eq(uitata) m(illiaria) cuipraeest Trebius Verus praef(ectus)

2160 Nimphis vexillatio leg(ionis) VI Vic(tricis) P(iae) F(idelis) sub Fa[b]io L[i]bera[li trib(uno)]

2 166 Deo Marti Camulo [mjilites coh(ortis) [1] Hamiorufm]

Castlecary

Castlecary

Croy Hill

Bar Hill

2167 [D]eo Silv[ano C]aristan[ius l]ustianu[s] praef(ectus)[c]oh(ortis) I Hamfior(um)] v(otum) s(olvit) l(aetus) l(ibens) m(erito)

2169 coh(ors) 1 Baetasior(um) c(ivium) R(omanorum)

2174 Dianae Apollini M(arcus) Cocce[i(us)] Firmus c(enturio) leg(ionis) II Aug(ustae)

2175 Genio Terrae Britannicae M(arcus) Coccei(us) Firmus c(enturio) leg(ionis) II Aug(ustae)

2176 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) Victoriae Victrici pro saluteimp(eratoris) n(ostri) et sua suorum M(arcus) Coccei(us)

Firmus c(enturio) leg(ionis) II Aug(ustae)

2177 Marti Minervae Campestribus Herc(u)li Eponae Victoriae

M(arcus) Coccei(us) Firmus c(enturio) leg(ionis) II Aug(ustae) Auchendavy

2189 Deae Fortunae Caecilius Nepos trib(unus) Balmuildy

2195 Campestribus et Britanni(ae) Q(uintus) Pisentius Justuspref(ectus) coh(ortis) III! Gal(lorum) v(otum) s(olvit) l(aetus)l(ibens) m(erito) Castlehill

Britannia:

x 1979, 346 no. 7Discipulinae Imp(eratoris) Had(riani) Aug(usti) ala Aug(usta)

[o]b virt(utem) appel(ata) Chesters

xix 1988, 491 no. 7Deo Vinotono Silvano Aug(usto) T(itus) [?O]rbius Pri[?mia]nus

p[r]aef(ectus coh(ortis) I Thrac(um) Bowes

BE

CE

BC

BE

Bar Hill

Bar Hill

Auchendavy

Auchendavy

B

AB

AB

AB

Auchendavy AB

BCE

C

BE

22

Table R2; Studv eroun 2 - Religious dedications bv civilians and from militarvsources without information about militarv rank or unit.

RIB I12586768697071899091929799101102103105125126128129130131132135138140141

145148149150151181187191192193194195213215216217218219220244247274281304307309318321455456

457461574609610618623627628630641643644645646647648650652654655656660662663711712731742743

744759773774775776808813839841845892899902904921922923924925947951952953965967971972973986

9879931017104310451046104710481052105310541055107710781079108110821084108610871100110211031104112311241126112911331139

114011411200120912261273131613171318132113311332133313351336144914521454145514561457145815211522152515261528153015311532

153315371539154115431548154915921593159716021603160416051606163316931695169716981699170017281729173017751776177717801783

178417851789179317941796179918001803180418051806189718991903197619842025203920432044205620592063206420652066206820692095

209921022103210621322159

JOURNAL OF ROMAN STUDIESliv 1964 178, no. 7Ivi 1966 217, no. 1Iviii 1968 207, no. 6Iviii 1968 209, no. 28

BRITANNIAiv 1973 329, nos. 10, 11, 12.v 1974 461, no. 3vii 1976 378, no. 2viii 1977 429, no. 16, 430, no. 18xiv 1983 337, nos. 11xviii 1987 368, no. 7

23

Table R2: Study group 2 - Religious dedications by civilians and from military sources without information about military rank or unit.

Ref.RIB

1

2

5

8

67

68

69

70

71

89

90

91

92

97

Transcript

hominibus bagis bitam

Matrfibus] vicinia de suo resftituit.....

Num(ini) C[aes(aris) Aug(usti)]prov[incia] Brita[nnia]

...lejg(atus) [August! iuridijcus [provinciae Brijtannfijae fob vijctoriam [Dacijcam

Deo Herfculi] SaegonftioJ T(itus) TammonfiusJ Saeni Tammon[ifil(ius)] Vitalis ob honofrem] [....

luliae Aug(ustae) matri senatus et castror(um) M(arcus) Sabinius Victor ob [....

Location

London

London

London

Lettering

DE

B

?

London

Silchester

Silchester

...]l(...) Attici [...Japacis [sine stipibus aujt collatifonibus sibi comjmissum [a collegia peregrijnorfujm [c(onsistentium) C(allevae) donum d(e) s(uo)J d(edit) or d(ederunt) Silchester

... J [signjum vifctoriae sine collat]ionibu[s commissjum sibia con[legio pere]gr[i]norum [consistentijum Callevae[don]um d(e) s(uo) d(edit) Silchester

...] Marti [......] collatio[nibus sibi comjmissum a col[legioperegrinjorum c(onsistentium) C(allevae) [donum] d(e) s(uo) d(edit) Silchester

I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) in honorem domu[s] divinaes(acrum) Chichester

Genio s(acrum) Lucullus Ammini fil(ius) d(e) s(uo)p(osuit) Chichester

[N] eptuno et Minervae templum [pr]o salute do[mus] divinae [ex] auctoritat[e Ti(beri] Claud(i) [Tojgidubni r[eg(is) mjagni Brit(anniae) [colle]giumfabror(um) et qui in eo [sunjt d(e) s(uo) d(ederunt) donante aream [Pudjente Pudentinifil(io) Chichester

Neroni Claudio divi [Claudi f(ilio) G]ermani[ci Caesarisnjepoti Tifberi) [Caes(aris) Aug(usti) pjronepoti div[i Aug(usti)ab]n(epoti) Caesari Aug(usto) [Germ(anico) t]r(ibuniciae)p(otestatis) IV imp(eratori) IV co(n)s(uli) IVs(enatus)c(onsulto) v(otum) m(erito) Chichester

Deae Ancastae Geminus Mani v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)

99 Civil'is fegit

Bitterne

Easton Grey

B

BE

A

DE

24

(Table R2)

101 Genio safcrujm MIO[.]EDI Attius CH[..]VVS [v(otum)] s(olvit) l(ibens) [m(erito)]

102 G(enio) s(ancto) huius locfij

103 Face: I(ovi) O(ptimo) [M(aximo)] L(ucius) Sept(imius) [...] v(ir) p(erfectissimus) pr(aeses) B[r(itanniae) pr(imae)] restiftuitj civis R[emus]Back: [Sijgnum et [ejrectam [pjrisca reflijgione co[l]umnam Left side: Septimius renovat primae provinciae rector

105 Sule(v)is Sulinus Bruceti (filius) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)

125 DeaRegina

126 fLJen(o) M[arti]

128 Chi-Rho (x3)

129 CVDAE? LO[..]V[.J

13 0 [Ma]trib[us et Gejnio I foci.... Jiliaf.....

131 MARTI OLLVDIO

132 Deo Rom[u]lo Gulioepius donavit Iicventinus fecit

135 lulfijus (or Tullus / lullus?) l(ibens) s(olvit)

138 Dea(e) Diana(e) sacratissima(e) votum solvit Vettius Benignus lib(ertus) or lib(ens)

140 Peregrinus Secundi fil(ius) civis Trever Loucetio Marti et Nemetona v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)

141 (a) .... C]laud[i]us Ligur [........]ae nimia vetustfate.....(b) (c) ... cjolegio longa seria [annorum.........suapecjuniarefici et repingi cur[avit.....

145 Deae S[uli] Ti(berius) Cl(audius) T[i(beri) fil(ius)] Sollemfnis...

148 Q(uintus) Pompeius Anicetus Suli

149 Priscus Touti f(ilius) lapidariufsj cives Car[nu]tenus Su[li] deae v(otum) [s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)]

Cirencester

Cirencester

D

A

Cirencester B

150 Deae Suli Minervae Sulinus Maturifil(ius) v(otum) s(olvit)l(ibens) m(erito)

Cirencester BE

Lemington D

Chedworth ?

Chedworth ?

Daglingworth D

Daglingworth AB

Bisley

Bisley

Kingscote

Bath

Bath

Bath

Bath

Bath

Bath

Bath

D

D

AE

CDE

AE

BE

151 Sulevis Sulinus scultor Bruceti f(ilius) sacrum f(ecit) l(ibens) m(erito) Bath BE

25

(Table R2)

181 Num(ini) Divor(um) Aug(ustorum) G(aius) Indutius Felix Silvano v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) CON VIC GA - perhaps con(ductor) v(ic) Ga(...) Camerton CD

187 Deo Marti Rigisamo Iu(v)entius Sabinus v(otum) s(olvit)l(aetus) l(ibens) m(erito) West Coker

191 Deo Marti Medocio Campesium et Victorie Alexandri Pii Felicis Augusti nos(tr)i donum Lossio Veda de suoposuit nepos Vepogeni Caledo Colchester -E

192 Matribus Sulevis Similis Attif(ilius) ci(vis) Cant(iacus)v(otum) l(ibens) s(olvit) Colchester A

193 Numinib(us) Aug(ustorum) et Mercu(rio) deo Andescocivouco Imilico Aesurilini libertus aram opere maronio d(e) s(uo) d(edit) Colchester BCE

194 Deo Silvano Callirio d(onum) Cintusmus aerarius v(otum)s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Colchester ?

195 Deo Silvano Hermes v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) V for m(erito) ? Colchester

213 Deo Marti Corotiaco Simplicia pro se v(otum) p(osuit) l(ibens) m(erito) Beneath base: Glaucus fecit Colchester

215 Deo lovi et Volca(no) Vassinius cum vellint me consacratum conservare promisi denarios sex pro voto soluto p(ecuniam) d(edi) Stony Stratford -

216 Deo Marti s(acrum) A[ma]ndus? Stony Stratford -

217 Doe Mar[t]i san(cto) s(acrum) d(ono) d(edit) Stony Strarford -E

218 D(eo) Marti Alatori Dum(...) Censorinus Gemelli fil(ius)v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Barkway

219 Marti Toutati Claudius Primus Attii liber(tus) v(otum)s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Barkway

220 N(umini) V(o)lc(an)o Barkway

244 Merc[ur(io)] prop(itio) Leicester D

247 Parcis Deabus et Numinibus Aug(ustorum) G(aius) AntistiusFrontinus curator ter(tium) ar(am) d(e) s(uo) d(edicavit) Lincoln C

274 (a) Deo Mar(ti) et Nu(mini)b(us) Aug(ustorum) Colasuni Bruccius et Caratius de suo donarunt(b) ad sester(tios) n(ummos) c(entum) Celatus aerarius fecit et aeramenti lib(ram) donavitfactam (denariis) HI Foss Dyke -E

281 Deae Arnomecte Ael(ius) Motio v(otum) s(olvit) l(aetus)l(ibens) m(erito) Brough-on-Noe CE

26

(Table R2)

304 Deo TridamfoJ Belliciits donavit ara[m] Michaelchurch D

307 Pectillus votum quodpromissit deo Nudente M(arti) dedit Lydney Park -E

309 [Deo] Marti Lena [sjive Ocelo Vellaun(o) et Num(ini) Aug(usti) M(arcus) Nonius Romanus ob immunitat(em) collegni d(onum) d(e) s(uo) d(edit) Glabrione et H[om]ulo co(n)s(ulibus) (a(nte) d(iem)) X K(alendas) Sept(embres) Caerwent BE

318 [Fortjune et Bono Evento Corneli(us) Castus et lul(ia)Belismicus coniuges po[s(u)er(unt)] Caerleon BE

321 Deo Mer curio Cur(...) d(ono) d(edit) Sever (us) p(osuit) Caerleon C

455 ....] Matre [....] opus quod[conlapsum in ruijnam restitutumest Chester BE

456 Deae Matrib(us) donum Chester DE

457 Deae M[i]nerva[e] Furiufs] Fortunatus mag(ister) pr(imus)v(otum) [s(olvit)] Chester C

461 (In Greek characters: To the mighty Saviour Gods I,Hermogenes, a doctor, set up this altar.) Chester C

574 Deabus Matribus Ollatotis lul(ius) Secundus et AeliaAugustina Heronbridge C

609 Deo sane [to] Asclepfijo [et] Hygiaeae [p(ro) s(alute) sjuacum su[is] lul(ius) Saturnfinus].... Overborough CE

610 Deo san(cto) Contrebi Vatta posu(it) Overborough ?

618 Matribus M(arcus) Nantonius Orbiotal(us) v(otum) s(olvit)l(ibens) m(erito) Doncaster B

623 Deo Breganti et N(umini) Aug(usti) T(itus) Aur(elius) Quintusd(ono) d(edit) p(ecunia) et s(umptu) s(uo) Slack CE

627 D(eae) Vict(oriae) Brig(antiae) et Num(inibus) Aug(ustorum) T(itus) Aur(elius) Aurelianus d(edit) d(edicavit) pro se et suis s(e) mag(istro) s(acrorum) Right side: AntoninfoJ III et Geta [II] co(n)s(ulibu)s Greetland C

628 Deae Victoriae Brigant(iae) a(ram) d(edicavit) Aur(elius)Senopianus Castleford DE

630 Deae Brigan(tiae) d(onum) Cingetissa p(osuit) Adel D

641 Vol(usius) Irenfaeus] Arimani(o?) v(otum) [s(olvens) l(ibens)m(erito)] d(ono) [d(edit)] York B

643 Britanniae Sanctaep(osuit) Nikomedes Aug(ustorum)N(ostrorum) libertus York ?

27

644

645

646

647

648

650

652

654

660

662

663

711

712

731

742

743

744

759

773

774

Deae Fortunae Sosia luncina Q(uinti) Antoni Isaurici leg(ati) Aug(usti)

D(e)ae Ffortunae] pro sa(lute) P(ubli) [Maesi] Auspicafti et.] Maesi Aufspicati?] fi(li) d(ono) d(edit) lifb(ertus) eorum] Metrobfianus?] m(erito) l(ibens) v(otum) [s(olvens)]

[DJeo Genio loci v(otum) s(olvi?) l(ibens) m(erito)

Genio loci feliciter

Herculfi.....] T(itus) PerpetfuiusJ Aeternfus....col(oniae)] Eburfacensis....] restfituerunt....

Deo Marti G(aius) Agrius Auspex v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)

(Table R2)

York

1 York

York

York

York

York

G(aius) Julius Crescens Matribus Domesticis v(otum) s(olvit) m(erito) l(ibens) York

[Mjatribus suis Marcus Rustius Massa? v(otum) s(olvit) l(aetus) l(ibens) m(erito) York

Deo Veteri Primulus v(otum) [O for s(olvit)?] l(ibens) m(erito) York

(Greek characters: To the gods of the legate's residence Scribonius Demetrius set this up)

(Greek characters: To Oceanus and Tethys Demetrius set this up)

Deo Mar(ti) Rigae Scirus dic(avit) sac(rum) v(otum) s(olvens) l(ibens) m(erito)

Feliciter sit Genio loci servule uterefelix tabernam aureficinam

Primary: Mart[i]Secondary: [M] arti Condati Arponatus v(otum) s(olvit)l(ibens) m(erito)

Deo Martfi] Enemn[o]genus aram posuit voftjum solvit pro se et suis m(erito)??

Deo Marti

Deae Nymphae NEINE Brica et lanuariafil(ia) liberties ex voto solverunt

Deo Belatucadro lib(ens) votum fecit f.Jiolus?

Deo Balatucairo Baculo pro se et suis v(otum) l(ibens) s(olvit)

York

York

Malton

Malton

Bowes

DE

A

B

B

BDE

D

BD

CE

D

Greta Bridge D

Greta Bridge B

Greta Bridge ?

Kirkby Thore ?

Brougham DE

Deo Blatucairo Audagus v(otum) s(olvit) p(ro) s(ua) s(alute) Brougham DE

28

(Table R2)

775 [Deo] Belatu[ca]dro lufljianus a[r]am v(oto) s(olvit) l(ibens)m(erito) Brougham

776 [Deo Belatuca]dr[o. ...... Jinam [ajram v(oto) s(olvit) l(ibens)m(erito) Brougham

808 (Greek characters: To Asclepius Aulus Egnatius Pastor setthis up) Maryport

813 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) [........... Jiana Q(uinti) f(ilia)Hermione Maryport

839 f..........] Neptuno L(ucius) Cass(ius) [..... Maryport

841 Deae Setloceniae Labareus Ge(rmanus) v(otum) s(olvit)l(ibens) m(erito) Maryport

845 Virtuti A ugustae [... .Jiana Quinti Filia Hermionae v(otum)s(olvit) l(aeta) l(ibens) m(erito) Maryport

892 Herculi sortes Sigilius Emerit(us) d(edit) d(e) s(ua) p(ecunia) Old Carlisle

899 I(avi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) et V(u)lk(ano) pro salute d(omini) n(ostri) M(arci) Anto(ni) Gordiani P(ii) F(elicis) Aug(usti) vik(ani) Mag(....) aram a(ere) col(lato) a v(ikanis) d(edicaverunt)

902 TEA? T(itus) Aur(elius) Ateco c(urator) (alae) Aug(ustae)

Old Carlisle

Old Carlisle

Old Carlisle

Old Penrith

Old Penrith

Old Penrith

Old Penrith

CD

B

B

B

D

B

CE

B

vot(um) s(olvit) l(ibens) a(nimo) fe(cit)

904 [D]eo Fl(avius) Aventinus cur(avit)

921 Deo Mog(on)ti

922 Deo Mo(g)unti [p]ro salu(t)e [....Justi v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)

923 Deo Silvano votum let(us) ? [p]osuu[it]

924 [Deo] sa(n)cto SilvanfoJ

925 Vicri[b]us T(...) S(...) /or p(ecunia) s(ua) ? ?] v(otum) s(olvit)l(ibens) m(erito) Old Penrith

947 M(arti) Barregi lanuarius Ri[.]regipau(...) v(otum) s(olvit)l(ibens) m(erito) Carlisle C

951 Matrib(us) Parc(is) pro salut(e) Sanctiae Geminae Carlisle B

952 D(eo) M(ercurio) G(aius) lul(ius) S(...) Carlisle (Stanwix) C

953 Parcis pro Bodo (filio) Natalis pater v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens)m(erito) Carlisle

965 [De]o Apollini [. (,..)] A ur(elius) M[a]te[r]nus pro s[a]lu[t]efsjua et MI IIANAISA MA v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Netherby C

CDE

D

?E

DE

DE

DE

D

29

(Table R2)

967 D(e.) s(anct.) Efponae?] IVNLIIAR Monime PR1DVN1CI[..]ARIVSposuit Netherby DE

971 Deo Mogont(i) Vitire san(cto) Ael(ius) [Secund(us)] v(otum)s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Netherby CE

972 DeoSilv(ano) Netherby D

973 DeoHuetiri Netherby AE

986 Deo Cocidio Bewcastle

987 Deo D(e)o Coc(i)dio Au(e)ntinus f(ecit) Bewcastle

993 Deo Mafrtji Cocid(io) sancto Aeliu[s] Vitalianus d(ono)d(edit) l(ibens) m(erito) Bewcastle ?

1017 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) et M(arti) Coc(idio) votu(m) feci[t]Vitaflis] Cumberland D

1043 Deo Apollfijni Tertiu[s] v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Eastgate CD

1045 Deo Marti Condati V[e]robnus? [pr]o se et suis v(otum)s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Chester-le-Street C

1046 Deo Vitiri Duihno v(otum) s(olvit) Chester-le-Street DE

1047 Daeabus Vitiribus Vitalis [v(otum)] s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Chester-le-Street DE

1048 Deab[u]s Vit(iri)bus VIAS VADR1 Chester-le-Street DE

1052 D(eo) Esculap(io) P(ublius) Viboleius Secundus aram d(ono)d(edit) South Shields DE

1053 Deae Brigantiae sacrum Congenncus v(otum) s(olvit)l(ibens) m(erito) South Shields CE

1054 Dis Conservatorib(us) pro salu(te) imp(eratoris) C(aesaris) M(arci) Aurel(i) Antonini Aug(usti) Brit(annici) Max(imi) [et imp(eratoris) C(aesaris) P(ubli) Sep(timi) Getae Aug(usti) Brit(annici)....]rera ob reditu(m) v(otum) s(olvit) South Shields BE

1055 Mar(ti) A la(tori) G(aius) Vinicius Celsus pro se et [...]v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) South Shields D

1077 Marti Aug(usto) Auffidius Aufidianus d(ono) d(edit) Lanchester -E

1078 Deo Marti Ascernus posuit aram[....] v(otum) s(olvit) Lanchester D

1079 Deo Mar(ti) G(aius) Aur(elius) sus(cepto) vot(o) Lanchester C

1081 Marti Lanchester C

1082 Deo M(ithrae) C(auto)p(ati) S(oli) I(nvicto) Lanchester C

1084 Reginae votum Misio v(otum) l(ibens) s(olvit) Lanchester D

30

1086 D(eae) Victorie vot(o) s(uscepto) Vlpius po(suit)

1087 Deo Vit(iri)

1100 Deo Mar[t]e et N(umini) A ug(usti) n(ostri) P(ii) F(elicis)

1102 Deo Vernostono'Cocidio Viri[l]is Ger(manus) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens)

1103 Deo Vitiri Maximus v(otum) s(olvit)

1104 Deo Vitiri I. IT..

1123 Deo Arecurio Apollinaris Cassi (filius) v(otum) s(ohit) l(ibens) m(erito)

1124 (Greek characters: You see me, an altar of Astarte; Pulcher set me up)

1126 ara(m) Dian(ae) posui(t) N[....

1129 (Greek characters: To Heracles of Tyre Diodora the priestess set this up)

1133 [DJefoJ Merc(urio)

1139 Deo Veteri

1140 Deo Vitiri

1141 Vit(iri) Miti(us)?

1200 Deae Menervae et Herculi Victor[i]

1209 Deae Dianae sacru(m) Ael(ia) Timo p(osuit) v(otum) s(olvens) l(aeta) ? l(ibens) m(erito)

1226 Deo Mo(g)uno Cad(...) Inventus do(no) v(otum) s(olvit)

1316 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) pro salute et victoria A ug(usti)

1317 [I(ovi)] O(ptimo) M(aximo) et [Nujmini [........] [D]isHospital(ibus) [....]S[.. .]AE[...

1318 Dea(bus) Matribus Tramarinis Patr(i)is Aurelius luvenalis s(acrum)

1321 D(e)o Silvano G(aius) Val(erius) [....

1331 Lamiis tribus

1332 Deo Marti Lenuanus v(otum) s(olvit)

1333 Deo Marti Victor (i) Vind(ex) v(otum) s(olvit)

1335 Deo Vetri sangto

(Table R2)

Lanchester

Lanchester

Ebchester

DE

DE

DE

Ebchester CD

Ebchester CE

Ebchester CE

Corbridge

Corbridge

Corbridge

AE

AB

DE

ABCorbridge

Corbridge ?

Corbridge CD

Corbridge CE

Corbridge DE

Whitley Castle ?E

Risingham ?E

Risingham ?E

Newcastle C

Newcastle

Newcastle

Newcastle

Benwell

Benwell

Benwell

Benwell

C

DE

?E

C

D

D

DE

31

1336

1449

1452

1454

1455

1456

1457

1458

1521

1522

1525

1526

1528

1530

1531

1532

1533

1537

1539

1541

1543

1548

1549

1592

Vitir(i)bus

D(e)ae Fort(unae) Conservatrici Venenus Ger(manus) l(ibens) m(erito)

I(ovi) O(ptimo) [M(aximo)] Dol(icheno) pro sal(ute) Aug(ustorum) N(ostrorum) Gal(erius) Verfecundus?.....

(Table R2)

Benwell

Chesters

Chesters

ChestersDea(e) Rat(i) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens)

Deo sancto Vitiri Tertulus v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Chesters

Dibits Veteribus Chesters

[Dijbus Vitiribus Chesters

Suadnus? votu(m) f(ecit) d(e)o Votri v(otum) s(olvit) Chesters

Deo Belleticauro Lunar is

Deae Conventinae Bellicus v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)p(osuit) Carrawburgh

Die Coventine Aurelius Crotus German(us) Carrawburgh DE

Deae Nimfae Coventine Maduhus Germ(anus) pos(uit) pro se et su(is) v(otum) s(olvens) l(ibens) m(erito)

D(e) ae Coven(tinae) Vinomathus v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)

Gabin(i)us Felicis Saturni(nus)

Covetina(e) A(u)gusta(e) votu(m) manibus suis Saturninus fecit Gabinius

Deae Cove tine Crotus [v(o)t(um) l(i)b(ens)fe(cit) GERMA(nus) pro...]??

Deae sanc(tae) Covontine Vincentius pro salute sua v(oto) l(aetus) l(ibens) m(erito) d(edicavit)

D(e)ae For(tunae) Vitalis fecit lib(ens) mer(ito)

D(eae) M(atri) D(eum) Tranquil(li)a Severa pro se et suis v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)

Matribus Commun(ibus)

Carrawburgh

Carrawburgh

Carrawburgh

Carrawburgh

Carrawburgh

Carrawburgh

Carrawburgh

Carrawburgh

Die Minerve Venico pr(o) s(alute) p(osuit) s(umptu) s(uo) Carrawburgh

Deo Veteri votum Vccus v(ovit) l(ibens)

[Dibujs Huiteribus

D[e]o sancto Martfi] votum possivit Vi[tali]anus

Carrawburgh

Carrawburgh

Housesteads

DE

CE

B

DE

CE

DE

DE

DE

Carrawburgh DE

CE

Carrawburgh CE

CE

-E

DE

CE

BE

BE

D

CE

7

CE

DE

32

1593

1597

1602

1603

1604

1605

1606

1633

1693

1695

1697

1698

1699

1700

1728

1729

1730

1775

1776

1777

1780

1783

1784

1785

1789

Deo Marti Thincso et duabus Alaisiagis Bede et Fimmilene et N(umini) Aug(usti) Germ(ani) cives Tuihanti v(otum) s(olverunt) l(ibentes) m(erito)

DeoM(arti) Calve(...) Ger(manus)

Deo Hueteri Superstes [et] Regulu[s] v(otum) s(olverunt)

(Table R2)

Housesteads

Housesteads

AE

D

l(ibentes) [m(erito)]

Deo Huitri Aspuanis pro (se) et suis vot(um) sol(vit)

Deo Veteribus votum

[Dib] us Veter[ri]bus

Veteribus [pjosuuit Aure(lius) Vic(tor) v(otum)

Deo Cocidio Vabrius [v(otum)] s(olvit) l(ibens) [m(erito)]

Deo Mercurio

Deae Sattadae curia Textoverdorum v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)

Deo [V]ete[r]i

..] Veteri [...]tin[....]

Veteribus pos(uit) Senaculus

Housesteads

Housesteads

Housesteads

Housesteads

Housesteads

Hadrian's Wall

Vindolanda

Vindolanda

Vindolanda

Vindolanda

Vindolanda

AE

CE

CE

DE

DE

D

C

AB

D

B

7

Pro domu divina et Numinibus Aug(ustorum) Volcano sacrum vicani Vindolandesses curam agente [...]o[...] v(otum) s(olverunt) l(ibentes) [m(erito)]

Deo Vetiri v(otum)

Dib [us] Veteribus possit Romana

Dibus Veteribus [...

Deo Baliticauro votu(m)

D(e)o Blatucadro votu(m) s(olutum)

Deae Eponaep(osuit) So(...)

De(a)e Hammi(ae) Sabi(nus) f(ecit)

I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) Heliopolit(ano) lul(ius) Pollio [.... Carvoran

D(e)o Marti Belatucairo

Matrib[us.... Jntius [...

Deabus Nymphis Vettifa] Mansueta eft] Claudia Turifajnilla

Vindolanda DE

Great Chesters DE

Great Chesters DE

Great Chesters DE

Carvoran DE

Carvoran

Carvoran

Carvoran

Carvoran

Carvoran

Carvoran

CE

7

DE

D

DE

B

fil(ia) v(otum) s(olverunt) l(ibentes) [m(erito)] Carvoran C

33

1793 Deo Veteri Necalamefs] v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)

1794 Deo Veteri Necalames v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens)

1796 Deo Vetiri sancto Andiatis v(oto) s(oluto) l(ibens) m(erito) f(ecit)

1799 Deo Vitiri Meni(us) Dada v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)

1800 Deo Vitiri Milus et Aurides v(otum) s(olverunt) l(ibentes) m(erito)

1803 Dibus Veteribus vot(u)m

1804 Dibus Vitferibus] IV1XA v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)

1805 Dibits Vitiribus Deccius v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)

1806 Deo Armilum? Binius v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)

1897 DieLatfiJ

1899 Deo Marti et Victor[ia]e Aurel(ius) Maximu[s] s(acrum) s(umptu) s(uo) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)

1903 D(e)ae Rati votum in perpetuo

1976 Deo Belatugagro ar(am) Minerv(alis)

1984 I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) et G(enio) loci Verecundus Severus v(otum) [s(olvit)] l(ibens) [m(erito)]

2025 Matribufs Djomesticis [sjuis Asinfius] S[e]nili[s] v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) [m(erito)]

2039 Deo Belatocadro Antr(onius) Auf(idianus) posuit aram pro se et suis

2043 Deae Lati Lucius Vrsei(us)

2044 Marti Belatucad(ro) sa(n)ct(o) MA TVSI

2056 Deo Belatocairo Peisius M(arcus) solvit votum l(ibens) m(erito)

2059 [Matribus deabus aedjem [Antjonianus dedico [se]d date utfetura quaestus suppleat votisfidem aureis sacrabo carmen max viritim litteris

2063 Deo Mapono et N(umini) Aug(usti) Durio et Ramio et Trupo et Lurio Germani v(otum) s(olverunt) l(ibentes) m(erito)

2064 Ma[tribus] GerfmanisJ M(arcus) Senecfiajnius V[...

2065 Deae Nem[es]i Apollonius sacerdos fec(it)

(Table R2)

Carvoran C

Carvoran C

Carvoran

Carvoran

Carvoran

Carvoran

Carvoran

Carvoran

Carvoran

Birdoswald

CE

DE

DE

DE

DE

DE

DE

CE

Birdoswald C

Birdoswald CDE

Castlesteads DE

Castlesteads C

Stanwix C

Burgh-by-Sands CE

Burgh-by-Sands CE

Burgh-by-Sands DE

Bowness-on-Solway DE

Bowness-on-Solway BC

Hadrian's Wall C

Hadrian's Wall C

Hadrian's Wall BC

34

(Table R2)

2066 Deae Nymphae Brig(qntiae) quod [vojverat pro salfute etincolumitate] dom(ini) nostr(i) Invic(ti) imp(eratoris) M(arci)Aurel(i) Severi Antonini Pit Felicfijs Aug(usti) totiusquedomus divinae eius M(arcus) Cocceius Nigrinus [pr]oc(urator)Aug(usti) n(ostri) devo[tissim]us numfini maiesjtatique eiusv(otum) [s(olvit)] l(aetus) l(ibens) m(erito) Hadrian's Wall ?

2068 [Dejo Veteri Hadrian's Wall D

2069 Huitiribus votum Hadrian's Wall CE

2095 Fortunae votum [... Birrens C

2099 [I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo)] Dol[iche]no sacr(um) Magunnav(otum) s(olvit) Birrens A

2102 Deo Mercurio lul(ius) Crescens sigill(um) collign(io) cult(orum)eius d(e) s(uo) d(edit) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Birrens AE

2103 Num(ini) Aug(usti) dei Merc(urio) sign(um) posueruntcufltjores colligni eiusdem dei cur(ante) Ing(enuio) Rufov(otum) s(olverunt) l(ibentes) m(erito) Birrens AE

2106 [PJriapi m(entula) Birrens D

2132 Apollini Granno Q(uintus) Lusius Sabinianus proc(urator)Aug(usti) v(otum) s(olvit) <S> l(ibens) <V> m(erito) Inveresk ?

2159 Mar[t]i G(aius) D(...) B(...) v(otum) s(olvit) Croy Hill D

JRS:

liv 1964 178 no. 7Silvanis [et] Quadruis Ca[e]lestib(us) sac(rum) Vibia PacataFl(avii) Verecu[nd]i (uxor) c(enturionis) leg(ionis) VI Vic(tricis)cum suis v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Westerwood B

Ivi 1966 217 no. 1Deae Suli L(ucius) Marcius Memor haruspex d(ono) d(edit) Bath B

Iviii 1968 207 no. 6Cunorix macus Maqui Coline Wroxeter DE

Iviii 1968 209 no. 28Cistumuci lo(co) Mabomi Birrens D

Britannia:

iv 1973 329 no. 10Deo Mogunti et Genio loci Lupul(us) v(otum) s(olvit) m(erito) Vindolanda

35

(Britannia) (Table R2)

iv 1973 329 no. 11Dibus Veteribus pos(uit) Longinus

iv 1973 329 no. 12Veteribus pofsjuit Senilis

v 1974 461 no. 3 Deo Veteri

vii 1976 379 no. 2In h(onorem) d(omus) d(ivinae) M(arcus) Martian<n>ius Pulcher V(ir) C(larissimus?) leg(atus) Aug(ustorum) pro praet(ore) templ(u)m Isidis C[...JTIS vetustate collabsum restitui praecepit

viii 1977 429 no. 16Numinibus Aug(ustorum) Commitus [v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)]

viii 1977 430 no. 18[I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) D(olicheno)] et Genio loci [et n(uminibus) Aujg(ustorum) L(ucius) Viducius [L(uci) f(ilius) Plajcidus domo civit(ate) Veliocas[s]ium [sevir njegotiator [cret(arius) ajrcum etfanum [d(ono) d(edit) l(oco) d(ato)] d(ecreto) [d(ecurionum)] Grata et [Seleuco co(n)s(ulibus)]

xiv 1983 337 no. 11 Nympis

xviii 1987 368 no. 7 Deo ANSV Vitiri Cr[...]

Vindolanda

Vindolanda

Piercebridge

D

D

London

Chester

BCE

B

York

Castleford

B

DE

South Shields DE

36

Table R3: BRITISH CURSE TABLETS (other than at

RIB I:

RIB 6,7 LondonRIB 221 Clothall, Herts.RIB 306 LydneyRIB 323 Caerleon

JOURNAL OF ROMAN STUDIES

A - xlviii B - liii

19581963

150 no. 3122

Kelvedon, Essex Ratcliffe-on-Soar, Notts.

BRITANNIA

cDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTU

- iii- iv- X

- X

- X

- xiii- XV

- xvii- xvii- xviii- xix- xix- XX

- XX

- xxii- xxiii- xxiv- XXV

- XXV

1972197319791979197919821984198619861987198819881989198919911992199319941994

363325 no. 3341 no. 2343 no. 3344 no. 4408 no. 9336 no. 7428 no. 2433 no. 6360 no. 1485 no. 2488 no. 3328 no. 2329 no. 3293 no. 13 10 no. 5310 no. 2293 no. 1296 no. 2

Wanborough, Wilts.Old Harlow, EssexUleyUleyUleyCaister St Edmund, NorfolkPagan's Hill, SomersetEccles Villa, KentBrean Down, SomersetLondon BridgeUleySouthern Britain (no prov.)UleyUleyGloucestershire (no prov.)UleyRatcliffe-on-Soar, Notts.Brandon, SuffolkWeeting with Broomhill, Norfolk

37

Table R3: BRITISH CURSE TABLETS (other than at BatM

Ref. Text Location Script RIB: (A curse on two named men)

6 recto: T(itus) Egnatius Tyran(n)us defic(t)us est et P(ublius) Cicereiits Felix defictus e(s)tverso: T(itus) Egnatius Tyran(n)us defictus est et P(ublius) Cicereius Felix London ORC?

7 (Tretia Maria is cursed in body and mind)Tretia(m) Maria(m) defico et illeus vita(m) et me(n)tem etmemoriam [e]t iocinera pulmones interm<x>ixtafatacogitata memoriam sci (= sic) no(n) possitt loqui (quae)sicreta si(n)t neque SINITA MEREpossit neque [.....]CL VDO London ORC

221 (Tacita is old like putrid gore)vetus quomodo sanies signeficatur Tacita deficta Clothall capital

306 (Silvanus blames someone called Senicianus for the theft of a ring)Devo Nodenti Silvianus anilum perdedit demediam partemdonavit Nodenti inter quibus nomen Seniciani nollis petmittassanitatem donee perfera(t) usque templum [Nojdentis Lydney Park capital

323 (Theft of a cloak and a pair of boots)Dom(i)na Nemesis do tibipalleum et galliculas qui tulit nonredimat ni(si) v[i]ta sanguine suo Caerleon ORC

JRS:A xlviii 1958 150 no. 3 (Theft of property and money)

Quicumque res Vareni involaverit si mulrer si mascel sangu(i)nosuo solvat -erit et pecunie quam exesu- Mercurio dona etVirtuti s(acra) Kelvedon ORC

B liii 1963 122 (Punishment in mind and body for the theft of money) side 1: donatur deo lovi Optima Maxima ut exigat per mentem per memoriam per intus per intestinum per cor [p]er medullas per venas per [.][.......] as[...]l[.]l si mascel si femina qui <sq> visside 2: involavit denarios Cani Digni ut in corpore suo in brevitemp[or]e par/at. Donatur deo ssto decima pars eius Ratcliffe-on-pecuniae quam [so]lverit Soar ORC

Britannia:iii 1972 363 (The criminal must not be allowed to eat drink, wake, sleep etc.). .]. epre[. Jr. epeto. [.].... evene [...] peto iudicio tuo qu[.]d... eculansf...] turnne lili permittas bibere nee [vigilare? nee dojrmire nee ambulare neque ullam[partem^ manere? sinajs gentisve unde ille nascit[ur]....eita ulla neealumenf. Jpr. vemente loquantur et r[.....]ugabatur certim sciu .t simeverecame?ve meor Wanborough ORC

38


D iv 1973 325 no. 3 (The Etterna busines is confided to Mercury) side 1: Dio M(ercurio) dono ti(bi) negotium Et<t>erne et ipsam nee sit i(n)vidi(a) me(i) Timotneo sangui[n]e suo side 2: Dono tibi Mercurius aliam neg[o]tium NA V1N[........]N1I[....] Ml n[isi...] sangu(ine) suo Old Harlow capital

E X 1979 341 no. 2 (Cenacus complains about the theft of a draught animal) side 1: Deo Mercwio Cenacus queritur de Vitalino et Natalino filio ipsius d[e] iumento quod eraptum est. Erogat deum Mercurium ut nee ante sanitatemside 2: habeant nissi <nissi> repraese[n]taverint mihi iumentum quod r[a]puerunt et deo devotionem quafm] ipse ab his expostulaverit Uley ORC

F X 1979 343 no.3 (Saturnina complains about the theft of a linen cloth) side 1: Commonitorium deo Mercurio* a Saturnina muliere de lintiamine quodamisit ut ills qui hoc circumvenit non ante laxetur nissi quando res s(upra)dictas adfanum s(upra)dictum attulerit si vir si mulier si servus s[i] liber *replaces Marti Silvano (deleted)Side 2: Deo s(upra)dicto tertiam partem donat ita ut exsigat istas res quae s(uprascrip)ta(e) sunt. Ac a quaeperil deo Silvano tertiapars donatur ita ut hoc exsigat si vir sifemina si servus si liber [...]E[...]TAT Uley capital

G X 1979 344 no. 4 (A gold ring and some iron fetters?) Deo M(a)rti MercurfioJ anulus aureus de ho[c]? erit et pedica ferrefa. F]ur quifraudemfec[it ijdem invenit Uley capital

H xiii 1982 408 no. 9 (Theft of a wreath, bracelets, cap, mirror, head-dress, leggings, ten pewter vessels) a Nase[....J eve(h)it Vroc[...]siusfascia(m) et armi[lla]s cap(t)olare spectr[um?] cufia(m) duos ocrias x vasa stagnea si mascel si memina si ' puer sipu(e)lla. Duas ocri(as) si vull(u)eris factae sang(uine) suo ut (i)llu(m) requerat<at> Neptu(nu)s e(t) amictus eft) cufia (et) arm(i)lla[e..] denarii xv cape(t)olare. Tune sanguin(e) fasciam tenet fur e carta Caister St. Edmund s(upra) s(cripts) ratio(n)e capital (mainly)

I XV 1984 336 no 7 (Sanctions for the theft of money)

...c!7]ri[...c8] [..c!4]mitr[..]pio[.....] in denariis Hi milibus cuius[dejmediam partem tibi ut ita ilium [ejxigas a Vassicillo [Jpecominifilio et uxore sua quoniam [..Jrtussum quod illi de hospitio Lon[...][...Jalaverint nee illis [pjermittas sanitfatem] nee bibere neema[n]d[u]care nee dormi[re] [nee natjos sanos habefajnt nessi hancrem [meam] adfanum tuum [atjtulerint. Iteratis [prejcfijbus te rogo ut[ab ipjsis nominibus [inimicorum] meorum hoc [pertujssum recipi [....]perven[ia]t Pagan's Hill ORC

J xvii 1986 428 no. 2 (The thief must be deprived of health)Donatio diebus quo peril Butu resque qu(a)e ..... nee ante sanetate Eccles Villa NRC nee salute nesi qua(m) in do[m]o die ....sanetate in do[mo dei?] (alt. lines inverted)

K xvii 1986 433 no. 6 (Lossofacancu/a?)

....] caricula quae [...... si s]er(v)u[s si] liber si ba[ro] s[i mulijer qui....(?) [d]omina...facias sic fijlla (re)dim[a]t sa(n)guin[e sjuo -ier.....si bar[o] si mul Brean Down NRC

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xviii 1987 360 no. 1 (Vengeance within nine days)

Tibi rogo Metunus u(t) m(e) vendicas de iste numene me vendicasante q(u)od ven(iant) die(s) novem rogo te Metunus ut (t)u mivend[i]cas ante q(u)o[d] ven(iant) di(es) n[o]vem London Bridge-capital

M XIX 1988 485 no.2 (Biccus complains to Mercury)

Biccus dot Mercurio quidquidpe(r)d(id)it si vir si mascel ne maietne cacet ne loquatur ne dormiat n[e] vigilet nee s[al]utem neesanitatem nessfij in templo Mercurii pertulerit ne co(n)scientiamde perferat nessfij me intercedente Uley capital

N xix 1988 488 no. 3 (Complaint about theft).....] amisi oro tuam mfaiejstatem ut <f>furem istum si a[nc]il(l)asi [pjuer si [puella] extfijnguas. ..ut illi sf... Jcias per dud [r]emra[ptam?] [.....]um et No prov. ORC

O XX 1989 328 no. 2 (Theft of a bridle)

nomenfuris [qujifrenem involaverit si l[i]ber si servus si baro simulier deo donator duos paries AFIMA sua tertia ad sanitatem Uley ORC

P XX 1989 329 no. 3 (Docilinus names the culprits who have harmed his animal) Deo Mercurio Docilinus QVAENM Varianus et Peregrina et Sabinianus qu[i]pecori meo dolum malum intulerunt et INT.RRf.J prolocuntur rogo te ut eos max[i]mo [le]to adigas nee eis sanitfatem nee] somnum perm[itt]as nisi a te quod m[ihi] ad[mi]ni[strav]erint redem[e]rint Uley capital

Q Xxii 1991 293 no. 1 (Theft of (?) and other sundries and writing things?9 ) [don]atur deo Merc[urio si] q[u]is involaverit c[....]am [.Jicinnum nee non alia minutalia Tocitami? si baro si mulier si puelflja si puer si ingenuus si servus nfojn an[t]e eum laset quam mimbra (?ra)pi manu diem mortis concrutiat efujm qu<q[u]> [i] securam [Jnnoris involavit EA....AEAPR nee non et qu<qu>i res [p]ictor[i]a[s]? involaverit Gloucestershire? ORC

R Xxiii 1992 310 no. 2 (Honoratus has lost two wheels and four cows and otherbits and pieces from his house)

Deo sancto Mercurio Honoratus. Conqueror numini tuo me perdidisse rotas duas et vaccas quattuor et resculas plurimas de hospitiolo meo.

Rogaverim genium numinis tui ut ei qui mihifraudem fecerit sanitatem ei non permittas nee iacere nee sedere nee bibere nee manducare si baro si mulier si puer si puella si servus si liber nissi meam rem ad me pertulerit et meam concordiam habuerit. Iteratis pr<a>ecibus rogo numen tuum ut petitio mea statim pareat me vindicatum esse a maiestate tua Uley ORC

S xxiv 1993 310 no. 2 (Complaint on behalfofCamulorix and Titocuna about the theft of zmola/mula 7) Nomine Camulorigi(s) et Titocune molam quam perdederunt infanum del devovi. Cuicumque n(o)m[e]n involasit mola(m) illam ut sa(n)guin(em) suum mittat usque diem quo moriatur. Qfuijcumque invo[l]a[sit] (f)urta moriatur et PAVLATORIAM quicumque [illam] involasit et ipse <moriato> mofrijatur. Quicumqu(e) illam involasit et VERTOGN de (h)ospitio Ratcliffe-on-Soar vel vissacio quicumque illam involasit a devo mori(a)tur (right to left) capital

40


T XXV 1994 293 no. 1 (Let the person who has stolen an iron pan be sacrificed to Neptune with hazel) SERADVASORISDVAS s(i) ser(v)us si anc(i)l(l)a si li(bertus si) liberta si m(u)lie[r] si baro popia(m) fe(re)a(m) EAENECfurtumfecer(it) domino Neptuno cor(u)lo pare(n)ta(tu)r Brandon NRC

U XXV 1994 296 no. 2 (Vengeance within nine days whether the culprit is civilian or soldier) side 1: s(i) servus si [l]ib[e](r) fquji [fjuravit su[st]ulit [ne ei] dimitte [male]fic(i)um d(u)m tu vindi[c]a[s]side 2: ante dies nov[e](m) si pa[g]a[n]us si mil[e]s [qui] Weeting-with-Broomhill su[s]tu[l]it (mirror image) capital

41

Table R3 (E): Curse tablets from Rath.

TSMB2: 1-21, 30-66, 68-71, 74, 78, 90, 94-105, 108, 112-116.

Ref. Text Script TSMB2:1 ABCDEFX capital

2 Britvenda Venibelia capital

3 Brituenda Mar inus Memorina capital

4 Theft of Vilbia

qu[i] mihi VILBIAMinfvjolavit sic liquat com[o](do) aqua ..... capitalqui earn [involjavit....... Velvinna Ex[s]upereus Veranius Sever inus (letter forms as inAgustalis Comitianus Minianus Catus Germanill[a] lovina normal script but lines

read right to left)

5 Theft of a pair of gloves[D]ocimedis [p]erdidi(t) manicilia dua qui illas involavi(t) utmentes sua(s) perdfat] et oculos su[o]s infano ubi destina(t) NRC (line 1) + capital

6 Theft of a rug

starugulum q(ue)m (p)erdidi anima(m) .....................................[invo]lavit.....nisi.s[an]g[u]ine sua (garbled) capital

7 /"..........7 [s]angu[ine].....noctis [....] qui mihfij...uui[... capital

8 Theft of six silver coins

side 1: [D]eae Suli donavi [argejntiolos sex quos perdfidi] anomin[i]bus infrascrip[tis] deae exactura est Senicia(n)us etSaturninus <sed> et Ann[i]ola carta picta pers[cripta]side 2: An(n)[i]ola Senicianus Saturninus capital

9 List of names

side 1: Petio - rove te Victoria Vind(...) Cun... Minici CunomoliusMinervina ussor Cunitius ser(v)us Senovara ussor Lavidendus ser(v)usMattonius ser(v)us Catinius Exsactoris fundo eo Metianufs ....][.. Jdonoside 2: ...J.micus TPIASU GINENINSVfS] GIENVSVS capital + cursive additions

10 Docilianus has lost a hooded cloakside 1: Docilianus Bruceri deae sanctissim(a)e Suli. Devoveo eum[q]ui caracellam meam involaverit si vir sifemina si servus si liberut f.Jum dea Sulis maxima letum [ajdigat nee ei somnum permit-side 2: -tat nee natos nee nascentes do[ne]c caracallam meam adtemplum sui numinis per[t]ulerit capital

11 fragment 1: .... Jinvolaverfit ....7 fuerit [..... ?dona]vi si l[iber si servus

?quicum]que co(n)s(ulibus)[.....frag. 2: .. .]ve[....jdibat.[..... si IJiber [si servus .....frag. 3: [........ quijcumque [...]quicumq[ue] [?qu]ic[umque...frag.4: ho[c.....]fueri[t... capital

12 frag. 1: .. .]marin[... Jquas pefrdidi? ...]. tiolo meo [... ijnvolaverit

si[....frag. 2: dan[... ] res mefas.e [.... frag.3: nitf. ........ ?res] meas [......] infr[ascript... ? capital

42

TSMB2 Table R3 (B)13 ....] involaverit [... Jllum involafverit... Jvirus..milieris [.... Jillidof. Jus

f...Jllum Vitali Espeditus talirum capital + cursive

14 Text in Celtic?

frag. 1: Luciumiof... Jcittimediu.xsf.... Jvibecf... Jtraceosf... Jestaidimavif... J tittlemmacatacimlucif... .]lendiierandant[.]nno(or d)a(or n) [...]uc[...]miotovesulara.[..].irando.[....]m(o\QT r)nottanou.m(or.a)dii[........Jcii. .eleubarrau.[.. .......Jferf....J. /-(over [?])[.... (Celtic names?)frag. 2: ...Jluio f....Jai(or mi or n)qtit [....]rii capital + cursive

15 Theft of a braceletnomen rei qui destrale involaverit capital

16 side 1: nomen furis qui [....Jlaterside 2: r.vet donatur capital

17 List of namesside 1: Senianus Magnus M[....]oside 2: Lucilianufs] Marcellianus [M]allianus Muftjata Medol...geacus capital

18 List of Celtic names?adixovi deiana deieda andagin vindiorix cuamiin ai (Celtic names?) capital

19 ....... Jem del nisi[...] in vero d(e)ae Suli (or is) capital

20 frag. 1: dJeaeSuflifrag.2: sequ[....J etm[....]f[..... capital

21 ?dea] Sulis t[ibi .....]en[..... capital

30 List of names

Severianus fil(ius) Brigomalle Patiarnus filius Matarnus ussorCatonius Potentini Marinianus Belcati Lucillus LuccianiAeternus Ingenui Bellaus Bellini (elegant) ORC

31 Theft of a ploughsharesi (qui)s vomerem Civilis involavit ut anfimamj sua(m) in templo deponat [''si n]o[n] vom[erem.]..ub [.. si sejrvus si liber si libertinus [.Junan..ofinemfaci[a]m ORC

32 Theft of a cloak and bathing tunicDeae Suli Minerv(a)e Solinus. Dono numini tui maiestatipaxsa(m) ba(ln)earem et [paljleum [nee p]ermitta[s sojmnum nee san[ita]tem <. > ei qui mihifr(a)udem [fjecit si vir sifemifna] si servus s[i] l[ib]er nissi [ <s>s]e retegens istas s[p]ecies ad [tejmplum tuum detulerit [...lijberisui velson[. Jsua e[t?]qui[. ... .... Jdeg..[....]ei quoque[..... .]xe[........ sojmnum ne[c sanitatem.........]n[..... .]all[e]umet reli<n>q[ua]s nissi ad [tejmplum tuum istas res retulerint ORC

33 "Gift" to MarsDeo Marti .[....]do[nol>] maiestfati tuaejsacellum .[...J nisi e.[.... ORC

34 Theft of five denarii

Deae Suli Minervae Dacca. Dono numini tuopecuniam quam [.....ajmisi id est (denarios) (quinque) et is [q]ui [earn involaverijt siser[vu]s s[i liber si vir sifemina] ex <s>igat[ur..... ORC

43

TSMB2 Table R3 (B)35 Plea for vengeance

Deae Sul[i] Minervae rogo [sjanctissimam maiestatem tuam u[t]vindices ab his [q]ui ffraudejmfecerunt ut ei[s perjmittas nees(o)mnum [nee....... ORC

36 Theft of two ...(?)f.Jq;./"••• Jet involafvit or veritj duo de[..]..[..]adhuisgar.[...]deveniat si lib(er) si ser(v)us si puer [si] (p)uella si vir s[i.... ORC

37 List of namesside 1: illorum anima las(s)et[ur sedileubisediacus(o\er ajquepanum?side 2: Exsibuus Lothuius Mas(e)ntius Aesibuas Petiacus ORC

38 ....... J dono tifbi........Jream [....Jlf.Jsivio meo [.... ejx(i)gaspe[?rsanguinem ejius qui has finvolavejrit vel qui [medius fuer]it sifemina [....].o [si] liber f..........J ..umpertuleri(t) ORC

39 qui involaverit si ser(v)us si lib[e]r Totia? anima(m) suam [q]u(i)fifnvolavf.....]a(m) meam [..........] qu(i) involavf...... ORC

40 qui calamaea negat sanguine...... de[s]t[in]at ORC

41 ...rjipuit ut [eo]rum pretium [ ?et e]xigas hoc per sanguinem et safnitatem suajm et suorum nee ante illos pati[a]r[is ?bibere nee mjanducare nee adsellare nee [?meiere ........ Jius hoc f. Jbisoverit ORC

42 ...].a.e.na.[...]fecit do[n...i]fano su[o or Us....... ORC

43 Theft of a cloak....pu[....] dono tifbipjalliufm.... ORC

44 Theft of a bronze vesselside 1: a[e]n[um mejum qui levavit [e]xconic[tu]s fejst templo Sulisdono si mulier si baro si servus si liber si pure si puella et qui hocfecerit sangu(in)em suum in ipsmu aenmu fundatside 2: dono si mulfiejr si ba(ro) si servus si liber si puer si puella eumlatrfonjem qui rem ipsam involaviftj deus [i]nvenia[t] (right to left) ORC

45 side 1: Deae Suli.[.............] .is qu[i..side 2: si servus si liber <si> qui<s>cumqfuej erit non illi permittasnee oculos nee sanitatem nisi caecitatem orbitatemque quoadnisi haec adfanum f... ORC

46 desuli mine[...] aeeosquiamaliama[....]t(over l)rasuendetstilumla[.]..f...corregenetc.geet..fan[...Jt(over l)suu dea..tedo...f...Je(or ujtqohabunitf.JsetrodeamefoT u)tsanuenesua.[.Jbitquimevitisetmalu(or e) Ac..emdocigeniusufor e)teane[..... garbled ORC

47 .... ?tib]i qfujerforj [..]...[..]. ex<x>igi [si servujs si liber hoc tulerit[non iljlipermittas in sangu(i)ne [.. Jsui..[.... ORC

48 ....]sagiliano.[...an]tequam infafno....... ORC

49 Theft of a horse blanket (?)frag. 1: ...] qu[...]lar[e]m si [....] si ser(v)us f....Jdea Sulisfrag. 2: .....]t cab[al...] si vir sif[emin[a ?si libejr ORC

44

TSMB2 Table R3 (B)50 <D>deae [Suli...] Victorin[..... ORC

51 List of eleven namesSevera Dracontius Spectatus Innocentius Senicio CandidianusApplicius Delator Surilla Austus Carinianus ORC

52 .. .permjittas [somnjum nee sanitaftem... njisi tandiu ta[.. Jiat quandiuhoc filljud se habuerit fsji vir sifemina el [...] si ancilla ORC

53 List of names and familiesside 1: DfeoJ Mercuric ...........fCJivilis..fuerit de.... ?Trinnifamiliam[...] Velvalis?....am suamside 2: Markelinum familia[m] Velorigam etfamilifam] [s]uamMorfvassum et [flamiliam Riovassum eft]familiam Minoven... etfamiliam sua[m] ORC

54 Theft of two silver coins side 1: B+side 2: ...conq[u]<a>er[or] tibi Suits, Arminia (ut) Verecundinum ?Terfenjti c[ons]umas qui argentiolos duos mihi...... Jrevavitno[n il]l[lipjermittas nee sedere nee iacere [ne]c... afmjbulare n[ec] somn[um nee] sanitatem [?cu]m quantocius consumas et iterfujm... ...fnojn perveniat ORC

55 Theft of headgear?dacusaga[... .Jaquer. [.. .]n[.. .]t[...] recentis(s)imi...[...] capitularemCiviflis? Jem supplic.[...]si serfvus si liber] somnusf......... ORC

56 ... Jpinetionis soruimf... Jstafraudemf.. Js. ab[.... ORC

57 Deae .... ExsibfuusJ? dona[vit] i[l]los qui [..]ban[....] ...sunt[... si servus] si I fiber si barjo si mfujlfijefrj saf...... ORC

58 side 1: A BC ER NIside 2: .......... Jesueb....... no....... n. ci...... curillas....... s..... rs ;'...... inuo....... lo ORC

59 Enica conqueror tibi..... ORC

60 Theft of a panOconea deae Suli M(inervae) dono ftijbipannum si quis eum [...... ORC

61 Lovernicsca has lost her capeLovernisca dfonat] eum qui sive vfirj sivefemina sfijvepuer sivepuella qui mafortium ifnjvolaverit (mirror image, right to left) ORC

62 Theft of cloak(s), tunic and a horse blanket.Jeocorotis perdedi lafenamj fpajlleum sagum paxsam do[navi] [...].

[S]ulis ut hoc ante dies novem [si lijber si ser(v)us siflijbera si serva [si] pure si puellfa i]n rostrfoj sfuoj deferaft ] caballarem sfi ser(v)us si liber si] serva si libera si puer [si puella] in suo rostro defer [at... (right to left) ORC

63 Theft of a bathing tunicDeae Suli si quis balniarem Cantissene inv[o]la[v]erit si s(e)r(v)us si liber...... ORC

64 Theft of a cloak..... quiescit f.Jlit sanitatem invictus nisi eidem loco ipsum pallium frejducat ORC

45

TSMB2 Table R3 (B)65 Theft of a hooded cloak

Minerve de(ae) Suit donavifurem qui caracallam meam involavit siser(v)us si liber si baro si mulier hoc donum non redemat nessisangu(i)n[e] suo ORC/NRC

66 Exsuperius has lost an iron pan (?)

Exsuperius donatpannumferri qui illi innoc[entiam?]nfamtusc...[ ] Suits si vir [sifeminja sfij ser(v) us si liber hofcj illf...]et[.].[.]er..[...]suas inv[o]la[veru]n[t] s[i] vir sifemina sfatijsfeceritsanguinfej illfojrum hoc devindices [si?] q[u]is aenum mihi involavfijt NRC (line I)+ORC

68 .... 7 hoc invola[vit/verit.... ORC

69 ].ia [....] dea Sulifs..... Jnem d[..... ORC

70 Minervfa/ae ...]lumpell[.... ORC

71 ......... sji se[rv]us sfi....] si vir si [f]em[ina] discebit [..... ORC

74 O..OG DOMX ORC+capital

78 • ?B]itilus LinufsJ ?Bitilus Lin[us] ORC

90 dfeae Suli...?] qu[i involavit...?... ?

94 Sanction against perjuryUricalus Do[c]ilosa ux[or] sua Docilis filius suus et DocilinaDecentius frater suus Alogiosa nomina <a> eorum qui iuraverunt<qui iuraverunt> adfontem deae Sulifs) prid(i)e idus Apriles quicumqueillic periuraverit deae Suli facias ilium sanguine suo illud satisfacere NRC

95 List of namesCunsa Docimedis SedebiliaMaria Vendibedis Cunsus Severia<ia>nus Senila NRC

96 List of namesVictorinus Talipieinus Minantius VictorianusCompe<pe>dita Valaune(o\zr i)cus <.>Belia (same hand as 95) NRC

97 Theft of a silver ringside 1: Basilia donat in templum Mortis anilum argenteum si ser(v)ussi liber medius fuerit vel aliquid de hoc noverit ut sanguine et liminibus et -down left margin: Primurudeumside 2: omnibus membris configatur vel etiam intestinis excomesis(om)nibus hab(et) is qui anilum involavit vel qui medius fuerit NRC

98 Theft of six silver coinsside 1: seu gens seu Ch(r)istianus quaecumque utrum vir [u]trum mulierutrum puer utrum puella utrum sferjvus utrum liber mihi Annia[n]oMa<n>tutene de bursa mea s(e)x argentefojs furaverit tu dfojmina deaab ipsoperexi[g]e[.. eojs si mihi per [fjraudem aliquam inDEPR£G[.]STVMdederit nee sic ipsi dona sed ut sanguinem suum (r)eputes qui mihi hocinrogaverit (entire text reversed) NRC

side 2: Postum[inu]s Pisso Locinna [AJlauna Materna GunsulaCfanjdidina Euticius Peregrinus Latinus Senicianus Avitianus VictorScoftijus Aessicunia Paltucca Calliopis Celerianus (each line reversed) NRC

46

TSMB2 Table R3 (B)99 Theft from a house

execro qui involaverit qui Deomiorix de hospitio suo perdideritquicumque rfesj dens ilium inveniat sanguine et vitae suae illud redemat (line 2 R-L) NRC

100 side 1: si puer si puella si vir sifemina qui hfocj involfajvit non [?] p[er]mittatu[...] nis(i) inn[o]centiam ullafm?]..........side 2: non illi dimittafs?] nee somnum nisi ut TATIGIA m[o]diumnebulae modium veni[at]fumi NRC

101 si....ILEsiCERIASIVSsiIGEVNS...permaneat NRC

102 numenfurti si se[r](v)us si Ifibejr si puer si puella [.... NRC

103 .....deusfaci(a)t ani(m)am pe(r)d(e)re sui (line 1 L-R; lines 2-3 R-L) NRC

104 .... Jus [.... Jus [.... Ja vasomofj. nicinifli. [. Junom.. a s.. nus mas NRC/ORC?

105 side 1: .... JDOSCIMf...... Jverit si serfvus si liber.......side 2: ... ..Jmfecerit [... ...] intellegf....... NRC

108 Docimfedis?...de(ae) Sufli... NRC

112-116 Illiterate texts / pseudo inscriptions.

47

Table R4: MISCELLANEOUS RELIGIOUS DEDICATIONS (Instrumentum Domesticum)

RIB IIFascicule 1

Pewter ingots: 2406.1-8

Tesserae: 2408.1-2

Lead sealings: 2411.29

Fascicule 2

Silver vessels:2414.1-42414.20-212414.36-72414.39-40

Bronze vessels:

2415.162415.552415.602415.64

Lead vessels:2416.8-102416.12-14

Pewter vessels:2417.12417.5-72417.28-292417.362417.38-40

Glass vessels: 2419.160

Spoons and eating implements: 2420.11-24 2420.49 2420.53-62

Fascicule 3

Brooches: 2421.43

Finger rings:2422.92422.14-172422.20-212422.232422.28-302422.332422.36-402422.442422.52-562422.69-702422.80-81

Gemstones: 2423.12

Baldric fittings:2429.1-6 2429.11

Votive objects,gold,silver,bronze:2430.12430.32431.1-112432.2-62432.8

Bone objects: 2441.11

Fascicule 4

Wallplaster: 2447.6-8

Mosaics: 2448.3 2448.8 2448.14

Stone votives:2453.12453.3

Fascicule 5

Graffiti on tiles: 2491.160

Fascicule 7

Graffiti on Samian: 2501.20 2501.71 2501.435

Fascicule 8

Graffiti on coarse ware:2502.12503.1162503.122-1242503.127-136

BRITANNIA

xx 1989337 no.29 xx 1989338 no.37 xxii 1991 306 no.49 xxiv 1993 316 no. 6 xxiv 1993316 no. 8 xxiv 1993 320 no. 21 xxv 1994306 nos. 37-39 xxv 1994306 nos. 40ff xxv 1994309. no. 89

CHARMS (see Personal, social anddomestic life)

RIB I: 436,631,706,872,983,2106.

RIB II: 2422.12, 2422.43, 2423.1, 2423.8, 2423.10, 2423.11, 2423.14, 2423.15-19, 2423.30, 2430.2, 2422.53-56.

48

Table R4: MISCELLANEOUS RELIGIOUS DEDICATIONS (Instrumentum Domesticum}

REF. Text RIB IIFascicule 1 - Pewter ingots2406.1-8 (a) Syagri (b)spesindeo (c) Suagrius

(d) Alpha Chi-Rho Omega - two of these stamps usually appear on each ingot

Location

Tesserae2408.12408.2

Lead sealings2411.29

tes(sera) dei Mar(tis) Sediarumobv: Mithras Oromasdes Intellect (in Greek)rev: D(eo) M(ithrae)

For (tuna) Aug(ustorum)

Fascicule 2 - Silver vessels2414.1 Alpha Chi-Rho Omega Innocentia et Viventia

[d^dicavejrunt or [dedejrunt2414.2 Alpha Chi-Rho Omega

Sanctum altare tuum, Domine, subnixus honoro2414.3 Alpha Chi-Rho Omega2414.4 Chi-Rho Omega2414.20 FRYMIACOEISIAFI Alpha Chi-Rho Omega CT2414.21 (a) Chi-Rho

(b) lesus Christus2414.36 Matr(ib us) Fab (ins) Dub it (at us)2414.37 Num(inibus) Augus(torum) deo M[arti?] Romulus

Camulogeni fd(ius) posuit2414.39 Chi-Rho2414.40 Exsuperius episcofpjus ecclesiae Bogiensi dedit

Chi-Rho

Bronze vessels2415.162415.552415.602415.64

[Sorjs MercurfiJApollini Anextiomaro M(arcus) A(...) San(inus?)De(ae) Su(li) M(in(ervae)] CODONChi-Rho

London

Markyate, Herts.

St. Albans

London

Chesterton

Chesterton Chesterton Chesterton Traprain Law

Traprain Law Backworth

Hastings Corbridge

Corbridge

Glyn Dyfrdwy, Clwyd South Shields Bath Wall, Staffs.

Lead vessels2416.82416.9

2416.10

2416.122416.132416.14

Chi-Rho uterefelix(a) Chi-Rho(b) Omega Chi-Rho Alpha(a) Chi-Rho(b) Chi-Rho Chi-Rho Chi-Rho Chi-Rho

East Stoke, Notts.

Icklingham, Suffolk

Icklinham Suffolk Wiggonbolt, W.Sussex Ashton, Northants. Walesby, Lines

Pewter vessels2417.12417.5

2417.6

Aelius Modestus deo Marti(a) D(eae) S(uli) M(inervae)(b) [.... ?] Suli Minervae Deae Sul(i) Min(ervae)

Bosence, Cornwall

Bath Bath

49

(Pewter vessels)2417.7 Deae Suli Minerve2417.8 (a) Deae Suli

(b) D(eae) S(uli) M(inervae)2417.28 Primary: Pacata

Secondary: emita parta sna (sua?) Lovernianus donavit

24 17.29 Alpha Chi-Rho Omega 2417.36 Chi-Rho2417.38 Chi-Rho2417.39 Omega [Alpha] Chi-Rho2417.40 Chi-Rho

Glass vessels2419.160 Chi-Rho

Spoons and eating implements2420.11 Dei Fau(ni) Andicrose2420.12 Dei Fauni Auseci2420.13 Dei Fau(ni) A used2420.14 Dei Fau(ni) Blotugi2420.15 Dei Fauni Crani2420.16 Dei Fauni Crani2420.17 De iFauni Medigeni2420.18 Dei Fauni Medugeni2420.19 Dei Fau(ni) Medigeni2420.20 De iFauni Nar(i)i2420.21 DeiFauni Nar(i)i2420.22 Deo Fauni Saternio2420.23 DeiNar(i)i2420.24 Dei (Blo^)tugi2420.49 vivas in deo2420.53 Alpha Chi-Rho Omega2420.54 Alpha Chi-Rho Omega2420.55 Alpha Chi-Rho Omega2420.56 Alpha Chi-Rho Omega2420.57 Alpha Chi-Rho Omega2420.58 Chi-Rho2420.59 Chi-Rho2420.60 Chi-Rho2420.61 Chi-Rho2420.62 Chi-Rho

Britannia xxv 1994 306 nos. 41-60 Chi-Rho (on spoons, ladles and a body chain)

xxv 1994 307 no.61 vivas in deo

(Table R4)Bath

Bath

Appleford, Oxfordshire Sutton, Cambridgeshire Appleshaw, Hants. Caerwent Welney, Norfolk London

Catterick

ThetfordThetfordThetfordThetfordThetfordThetfordThetfordThetfordThetfordThetfordThetfordThetfordThetfordThetfordCaistor St. EdmundMildenhallMildenhallMildenhallBiddulph, Staffs.MonmouthshireTraprain LawTraprain LawCanterburyCanterburyNo prov.

Hoxne

Hoxne

Fascicule 3 - Brooches2421.43

Finger rings2422.9

2422.14

2422.152422.16

(a) Iov(i) Aug(usti)(b) vot(is)XX

MatrumC(...)C(...)Ae( ) [C(oloniae) C(laudiae Ae(qui)?](a) Venus(b) Seniciane vivas in de(o)vivas in deoChi-Rho

Erickstanebrae, Dumfries

Backworth

SilchesterBrancaster, Norfolk Brentwood, Essex

50

(Finger rings)2422.17 Chi-Rho2422.20 Deo Me'r(curio)2422.21 DeoSucelo2422.23 D(eo) Nep(tuno)2422.28 Matres2422.29 Mer(curio)2422.30 Mer(curio)2422.33 SDAEENV2422.36 Tyjr - (To(u)tatis?)2422.37 ror2422.38 TOT"2422.39 ror2422.40 TOT 2422.44 C/I/-/J/JO2422.52 collegium) del Sil(vani)2422.53 IXSAONC2422.54 XANOCSI2422.55 INSXAOC2422.56 SOICXAN2422.69 Chi-Rho2422.70 lustine vivas in deo (around ring)

-4/p/w (inverted) Chi-Rho Omega (inverted) (on2422.80 fa; Chi-Rho (retrograde on bezel)

(b) quis sepa(rabit) (retrograde on minor bezel)(c) meum et tuum durante vita (on hoop)

2422.81 Chi-Rho

Britannia xx 1989 337 no. 29 D(eo) Martixx 1989 338 no.37 Genio Deedxxii 1991 306 no. 49 OASCNXIxxv 1994 306 no. 37 Matribus !(...) R(...) xxv 1994 306 no. 38 TOTxxv 1994 306 no. 39 Mer(curo)

(Table R4)SuffolkCorbridgeYorkChestersCarrawburghVindolandaBillingford, NorfolkKentLincolnYorkNo prov.Tetford, Lines.Willoughby-on-the-WoldsFifeheadWendens Ambo, EssexCaistor St. EdmundYatton, SomersetOwsleburyOwsleburySaham Toney, Norfolk

bezel) Richborough

Chesters Brough-under-Stainmore

Piercebridge

Winteringham, Humberside

Great Cherverell, Wilts.

Great Walsingham, Norfolk



Gemstones2423.12

Baldric fittings2429.12429.22429.32429.42429.52429.62429.11

There is one Zeus Serapis (In Greek)

Optime Maxime con(serva) Optime Maxime con(serva) Optime [Maxjime con(serva) [OJptimfe Maxime con(serva)] [O]pti[me Maxime cojn(serva) [Opt]i[me] M[axime con(serva)] lovis

Votive objects in gold, silver and bronze2430.1 Dea(e) Mi(ne)rva(e) d(onum)2430.3 Alpha Chi-Rho Omega2431.1 lamcilla votum quo[d] promisit conplevit

Castlesteads

High RochesterCarlisleSichesterUley, Glos.CorbridgeYorkBrampton

Stonea, CambridgeshireChestertonChesterton

51

(Votive objects in gold, silver and bronze) (Table R4)2431.2 Deo Mapono Vindolanda2431.3 De(o) Vete(ri) Mocuxfsjoma pa(ngit) Thistleton. Leicestershire 2431.4-8 Alpha Chi-Rho Omega Chesterton 2431.9 Alpha Chi-Rho Omega (retro) Chesterton2431.10 Chi-Rho Chesterton2431.11 Alpha Chi-Rho Omega Chesterton2432.2 Afujr(elius) Atticiafnjus Mercurio

v(otum) s(olvit) l(tbens) m(erito) Caistor-on-Sea, Norfolk2432.3 D(eo) Apol(lini) Decimius Nettleton, Wilts.2432.4 Deo Abandi[i]no Vatiaucus d(e) s(uo) d(edit) Godmanchester2432.5 Deo Her(culi) Brancaster, Norfolk2432.6 Deo Mercurio Severa [?] .1OSVL..[?] Felix E (or L).. Uley, Glos. 2432.8 P(ublius) Oranius Facilis lovi sigillum

ex testa(mento) Colchester

Bone objects2441.11 [.. .]s[or]or ave vivas in deo York

Fascicule 4 - Wallplaster2447.6-8 Alpha Chi-Rho Omega Lullingstone

Mosaics2448.3 D(eo) M(arti) N(odenti) T(itus) Flavins Senilis

pr(aepositus) rel(igionis) ex stipibuspos(s)uit o[pitu]lante Victorino interp(r)[ejtiante Lydney Park

2448.8 (a) Chi-Rho(b) Neptuni vertex reg(i)men sortiti mobile ventis scul(p)tum cui c(a)erulea esft] delfinis cincta duobfus](c) [nee mujnus perficis ullum [si dijgnare Cupido Frampton, Dorset

2448.14 Chi-Rho Hinton St. Mary, Dorset

Stone votives2453.1 Deo [... Colchester 2453.3 Matri (for Marti) Newtown, Powys

Fascicule 5 - Graffiti on tiles2491.160 Chi-Rho variations at York, Leicester and Wickford, Essex

Britannia xxiv 1993 316 no. 8Chi-Rho Winchester

Fascicule 7 - Graffiti on samian2501.20 Orki vot(um) ? Skeleton Green, Herts. 2501.71 si Ath(ena) Minerva Gayton Thorpe, Norfolk 2501.435 (a) pia (b) Chi-Rho Canterbury

Fascicule 8 - Graffiti on coarseware2502.1 Merqurio York2503.116 [Geniofelijciter (centuria) Ael(i) Romuli Caerleon2503.122 [lovi D]olic(h)en[o] Brancaster, Norfolk2503.123 Epon(ae) Alcester, Warwicks.2503.124 Epon(ae)? Chichester2503.127 Londini adfanum Isidis Southwark2503.128 [...J Marti Housesteads2503.129 Mercurio Rocester, Staffs

52

(Graffiti on coarse ware) (Table R4)2503.130 Merc[uri]a? London2503.131 Toutatis Kelvedon, Essex2503.132 Chi-Rho Kelvedon2503.133 Chi-Rho Colchester2503.134 Chi-Rho Exeter2503.135 Chi-Rho Richborough2503.136 Chi-Rho Gatcombe, Somerset

Britannia xxiv 1993 316 no. 6vo[t]um [Fojrtunae libens meruit meruXXX Carlislexxv 1994 309 no. 89Genio B(...) Pakenham, Suffolk

53

Table Wl; WORKING LIFE.

Table W 1: Building and quarrying inscriptions.

Honorific:RIB I179c283c288c311c327328330331333334

219922002204220522062208

335397398399430605637647c665707c

721722740747791799801905929976

9779789791018105110601091109211471148

114911511202120312051234123512361243

1276127812791280128113221340142714601461

1462146314641465146614671470155015511553

161216131616c1634163716381666170217031705

1706173617371738185219091912191419321934

1935193819572110211921392145215521632170

2173218521862191219221932194219621972198

BRITANNIAi 1970ii 1971

,309,,290,

xv 1984, 337

no.19.no. 7,no.!2.

Functional:RIB I230c279284c290c300c301c336337338339

1161116211631164116611671169117011961204

340341342343344345347348349350

1239124012411283128412851286128712971309

351352353354355401402406407409

1310131113121323132413411342134313441345

410411415420421422423424425426

1346134713541356135713581359136013621363

427428439440441444467468469470

1364136513671368136913701371137213731374

471472473474577578579580592593

1375137613771378137913801381138213831385

625647668669712c718c721767803852

1386138713881389139013911400140114021403

85385485587188088499899910001001

1406140714081409141014111412141314141415

1003100410051008100910101013101410151016

1416141814191422142814291430143114381439

1019102510271038104010611093109410951106

1440144114421443144414451447147114721473

1107110811091111111211541155115611591160

1474147514761477147814791488148914901491

54

Table Wl cont. Functional building stones.1497 1508 1554 1571 1645 16561498 1509 1555 1572 1646 16571499 1510 1556 1574 1647 16581500 1511 1564 1575 1648 16591501 1512 1565 1625 1649 16601502 1513 1566 1629 1650 16611503 1514 1567 1632 1651 16621505 1515 1568 1635 1652 16631506 1516 1569 1643 1654 16641507 1519 1570 1644 1655 1668

1669 1679 17541670 1681 17551671 1682 17561672c 1707 17571673c 1708 17581674 1709 17601675 1710 17611676 1711 17621677 1712 17631678 1720 1764

1765 18131766 18141768 18151769 18161770 18171771 18181772 18191774 18201811 18211812 1822

1823 1856 1916 1945 19661843c 1857 1917 1946 19671844c 1858 1918 1947 19681846 1859 1927 1948 19691847 1860 1930 1949 19701849 1861 1931 1950 19721851 1862 1936 1951 19731853 1867 1937 1952 20011854 1868 1943 1958 20101855 1869 1944 1962c 2011 c - civilian inscriptions.

BRITANNIA

ii 1971,291-2, nos.10, 11, 13. iii 1972, 354. nos.12, 13. v 1974, 462, no.7 vii 1976, 381, no.14. viii 1977, 429-33, nos.13, 19, 20,

21,23,24,32. ix 1978, 474-5, nos.9-12. xii 1981,380, nos.14, 17., 18. xiv 1983, 336-7, nos.l, 12. xvii 1986,429, no.3, 437, no. 12. xviii 1987, 368-9, nos. 9-11. xxi 1990, 365, no.4. xxii 1991,296-7, nos.6, 7.

2012 20282013 20312014 20322016 20332018 20352019 20512021 20522022c 20532023 20542027 2061

2075207620772080208120822083208521122113

2114 21842133 22032137 22092138 2210215621612162216421712180

JRSliii 1963, 161,nos.8a-c, 9. liv 1964, 178, nos.5a-c. Ivi 1966,218, no.3. Ivii 1967,206, nos. 18-20 Iviii 1968, 208, no.9.

MANUFACTURING.

Stamps on metal goods:RIBIIFasc.l 2402.1-12; 2403.1-6,8; 2404.1-72; 2405.1; 2406.1-10; 2407.1; 2409.26.

Fasc. 2 2413.1; 2416.2,4,5,7.

Fasc.3 2421.42,46,49,51; 2426.3; 2428.2-19; 2433.4,5,13; 2434.1-3,5.

Makers' marks on wood and leather:RIBIIFasc.l 2409.17,23,34.

Fasc. 4 2442.1-29; 2445.3-10,13,14,16,17.

55

Table W 1 cont. Stamps on fired clay:RIB II Fasc. 1 2409.22,24,25,31,37.

Fasc. 4 2458.1-11; 2459.1-72; 2460-2480.

Fasc. 5 2481.1-119; 2482.1-5; 2483; 2485.1-10; 2486.1-42; 2487.1-23; 2488.1-4; 2489.1-68; 2490.1-6.

Sources for mortaria - see Table W7.

Production marks written by hand:RIB II Fasc. 1 2403.7,9-11; 2404.26,27.

Fasc. 2 2414.9, 10.

Fasc. 3 2433.19; 2434.4;.

Fasc. 4 2442.22,23b; 2442.26; 2457.2,3.

Fasc. 5 2491.1-134,159

Fasc. 6 2495.1; 2496.1-11.

Fasc. 8 2502.9-27.

Miscellaneous dies, marks and references to manufacturing:RIB II Fasc. 1 2409.1-21, 23-27. 30, 32-36

Fasc. 4 2443.16

Tabulae Vindolandenses II 182, 343.

TRADE AND COMMERCE.

RIB I 110,678,687,1065,1171,2059.

RIB II Fasc. 1 2411.243-310.

Fasc. 4 2446.1-31.

Fasc.6 2494.1-97.

Fasc. 8 2503.1-95

Tabulae Vindolandenses II 180-182, 184-186, 190-193,207,213,215,255,302,309,310,314,343,346.

Britannia xxvii !996, 300 ff. nos 1,2 and appendix Britannia viii 1977, 430, no. 18.

JRSii 1921, 101-7, (P. Courteault).

56

Table W 1 cont. ADMINISTRATION.Tabulae Vidolandenses II127-153, 154, 156, 160, 164, 167-169, 171-173, 175, 176,210,211,214,218,225,234,242,248, 252, 260, 263, 295, 297, 300, 312, 315-7, 344, 345.

RIB I98,2219-2314.

RIB II2401.1-13,2409.19,2411.1-242,2443.2.

JRSxlvii 1957 230 no. 19 liv 1964 179 no.8

Britanniaxvi 1985 324 no.3

TRAVEL AND TRANSPORTATION

RIB I2235, 2241, 2243, 2244, 2265, 2272, 2274, 2283, 2299, 2306.

RIB II2410.1-23,2411.1-242,2443.5,7, 10.

Tabulae Vindolandenses II248,255,291,301,310,312.

BUSINESS AND LAW

RIB II2443.7, 11, 13, 15, 18.

Britanniaxxv 1994 301 no. 34.

57

Table Wl; Building and quarrying inscriptions

Honorific

Ref. Text Location Lettering RIB I179 Pro salute imp(eratoris) C(a)es(aris) M(arci) Aur(eli) Antonini

Pit Felicis Invicti Aug(usti) Naevius Aug(usti) libfertus adiut(or) proc(uratorum) principia ruina op(p)ress(a) a solo restituit Combe Down CE

283 Imp(eratori) Caesari T(ito) [Ae(lio) Hadr(iano) Anjtonino Aufg(usto) Piop(atri) p(atriae)] coh(ors) I Aquitanforum] sub lulio V[ero leg(ato)] Aug(usti) pr(o) pr(aetore) inst[ante] [C]apitoni[o Prijsco prae(fecto) Brough-on-Noe B

288 Imp(eratori) Cafes(ari)] divi Traiani Parthicifil(io) di[vi NJervae nepoti Traiano H[a]driano Aug(usto) ponti[fi]ci maxima trib(unicia) pot(estate] XIII[I co(n)s(uli) III p(atri) p(atriae)] civitas CornovfiorumJ Wroxeter A

311 [Ti(berio) Claudio] Paulina leg(ato) leg(ionis) II Aug(ustae) proconsul(i) provinc(iae) Nar<r>bonensis leg(ato) Aug(usti) pr(o) pr(aetore) provin(ciae) Lugdunen(sis) ex decreto ordinis respubl(ica) civit(atis) Silurum. Caerwent BE

328 DedicatfumJ VIIH a(nte) d(iem) K[al(endas)] Ocftobrjes[P]u[pie]nio Maxima II et Vrbano co(n)s(ulibus) Caerleon ?

330 Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) divfi Nervae f(ilio)] Nervae Traiafno Aug(usto)] Ger(manico) pontiffici) maxima [trib(unicia)] potest(ate) p(atri) p(atriae) co(n)s(uli) HI leg(io) II Aug(usta) Caerleon AB

331 Im[p(eratori) Caes(ari)] M(arco) Au[relio] Anto[nino] P(io) F(elici) Aug(usto) [L(uci) Sep(timi)] Severi [Aug(usti)]filio flejgfio) II [Aug(usta)] Caerleon A

333 [Imperatores] Caesares L(ucius) Septifmius Severus Pius Pertinax Aug(ustus) et M(arcus) Aurelius Antoninus A]ug(ustus) et [P(ublius)] Septimius [Geta nobilissimus Caesar.... vetustate cjorruptum [...restituerunt] Caerleon B

334 Imp(eratores) Valerianus et Gallienus Aug(usti) et Valerianus nobilissimus Caes(ar) cohorti VII centurias a solo restituerunt per Desticium lubam v(irum) c(larissimum) legatum Aug(ustorum) pr(o) pr(aetore) et Vitulasium Laetinianum leg(atum) leg(ionis) II Aug(ustae) cur ante Domit(io) Potentino praef(ecto) leg(ionis) eiusdem Caerleon B

335 ... .] [...]isus Cl(audius) [A emjilius Q(uintus) l[ul(ius)]Haterianus leg(atus) Aug(usti) pr(o) pr(aetore) provinc(iae)Cilic(iae) Caerleon ?

397 [Imp(eratori) Cajes(ari) divi [Ner(vae) f(ilio) N]er(vae) Traiano [Aug(usto) Ge]rm(anico) Dac(ico) pont(ifici) [max(imo) t]rib(unicia) p(otestate) p(atri) p(atriae) co(n)s(uli) V [imp(eratori) IIIJI [leg(io) II Aug(usta)] Gelligaer B

58

(Honorific building inscriptions ) (Table Wl)

398 ...GJerm(anico) [......] trib(unicia) p(otestate) p(atri)

[... i]pm(eratori)HIl?] Gelligaer BE?

399 ....Traiajno [.,. p]ont(ifici) [...co(n)s(uli)J V[... Gelligaer B

430 [Imp(eratores) Caes(ares) L(ucius)] Sept(imius) Severus Pius

Per[tinax et M(arcus) AJurel(ius) Antoninus [Pius Aug(usti)] et

[P(ublius) Sep]t(imius) [Geta no]b(ilissimus) C[aes(ar) rivos

aqjuaeductium vetus[tate conla]bs(os) coh(orti) I Sunic(orum)

restit(uerunt) [....leg(. .) eojrum pr(o) pr(aetore) Caernarvon CE

605 [...... ob] balineum refect(um) [et] basilicam vetustate conlabsum

a solo restitutam eq(uitibus) alae Sebussian(ae) [Po]s[t]u[mi]anaesub Octavio Sabino v(iro) c(larissimo) praeside n(ostro) curante

Fla(vio) Ammausio praef(ecto) eq(uitum) d(e)d(icata) (ante diem)

XI Kal(endas) Septem(bres) Censore II et Lepido II co(n)s(ulibus) Lancaster CE

637 [Imp(erator) Caes(ar) L(ucius) Sept]im[ius] Severus [P(ius)

P(ertinax)] Aug(ustus) et Antoninus Caes(ar) (imp(erator))

destinatus restituerunt curante Virio Lupo leg(ato) eorum

pr(o) pr(aetore) Ilkley ?

665 [I]mp(erator) Caesar [divi NJervae fil(ius) Nefrva Traijanus

Aug(ustus) Ger[m(anicus) Dacicuspojntifex maximu[s

tribuniciae pojtestatis XII imp(erator) V[I co(n)s(ul) Vp(ater)

p(atriae)] per leg(ionem) Vllll Hi[sp(anam) York A

707 ob honor[em] domus divi[nae] imp(eratoris) Caes(aris) T(iti)

Ael(i) H[adri]ani Antonini A[ug(usti) Pii]p(atris) p(atriae)

co(n)s(ulis) ///// et Numinib(us) A[ug(ustorum)] M(arcus)

Vlp(ius) Ianuar[i]u[s] aedilis vici Petu[ar(iensis)]

proscaen(ium) [...] de suo [dedit] Brough-on-Humber BC

721 lustinianus p(rae)p(ositus) Vindicianus magister turr(e)m

(et) castrum fecit a so(lo). Ravenscar DE

722 Imp(eratori) Caesari L(ucio) Septimio [Severo] Pio Pert[i]naci

Aug[usto et] imp(eratori) Caesari M(arco) Aurelio A[ntonino]

Pio Feli[ci] Augusto et P(ublio) 5[eptimio Getae nobilissimo Caesari vallum cum] bracchio caementicium [fecit coh(ors)] VI

Nervio[ru]m sub euro L(uci) Aflfeni] Senecionfis] amplissimi

[co(n)s(ularis) institit] operi L(ucius) Vin[ici]us Pius praef(ectus)

[coh(ortis) eiusd(em) Sen]ecio[ne et Aemiliano co(n)s(ulibus)] Brough-by-Bainbridge ?

740 Imp(eratoribus) Caes(aribus) L(ucio) Septim(io) Severo Pio

Pertinaci Arab(ico) Adiab(enico) Part(hico) Maxi(mo) et

M(arco) Aur(elio) Anton(ino) Pio Aug(ustis) [et P(ublio) Sept(imio) Getae nob(ilissimo) Caes(ari)] iussu L(uci) Alfeni

Senecionis leg(ati) Aug(ustorum) pr(o) pr(aetore) coh(ors) I

Thrac(um) eq(uitata) Bowes C

747 .. .JIING POSIf.. JHOE VMOLLINl [vetustate d]ilabs(um) sub

cura [....]c(enturionis) leg(ionis) VI Vic(tricis) ...PJost(umius)

Vrbanus....[Britanniae Sujerioris [......] citra[......].EM Greta Bridge ?

791 balneum [......] veteri op [ere exusto in ruijn(am) dilabsum [.... pjilis

per <T> cellafs omnes renovatis canjalibus etffistulis..... Cliburn CE

59

(Honorific building inscriptions ) (Table Wl)799 .....] obprosperitatem culminis instituti Moresby ?

801 Imp(eratoris) Caes(aris) Traian(i) Hadriani Aug(usti) p(atris)p(atriae) leg(io) XX V(aleria) V(ictrix) Moresby BC

905 ... pro sal(ute) imp(eratoris) dojmini nos[tri M(arci) Aur(eli)Antonijni Pii Felicis [Aug(usti) sub G(aio) lul(io) Majrco leg(ato) eius cur(ante) [......]pra(e)f(ecto) alaAug(usta) [.....posuijtimp(eratore) Antonifno A ugusto IIII et] Balbino II c[o](n)s(ulibu)s Old Carlisle CE

929 ...coh(orti)] II Gal(lorum) [S(everianae)] A(lexandrianae) amplfiavit....] sub Calvisio Rufsone leg(ato) Aug(usti) pr(o) pr(aetore)] Old Penrith BC

976 ...] luliae Aufg(ustae)] <M> matri Aufg(usti) nostri M(arci)Aur]eli Antonfini] et castr(orum) [et] senatus etpatriaepro[pietate ac] devotione [communi] num(ini) eius [curante G(aio)lul(io)] Marc [a] Ifeg(ato) Aug(ustorum)] pr(o) pr(aetore) coh(ors)[I] Ael(ia) [Hisp(anorum) m(illiaria) eq(uitata)] posuit Netherby ?

977 ...coh(ors) I Ael(ia) Hisp(anorum) m(illiaria) eq(uitata) ] Antofninianja ex solo [exstruxit] sub cur(a) G(ai) Iul(i) [Marci lejg(ati) Aug(usti) pr(o) pr(aetore) instante [...]r Maxima tribuno Netherby B

978 Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) M(arco) Aurelio Severo Alexandra Pio [F]el(ici) Aug(usto) pont(ifici) maxima trib(unicia) pot(estate) co(n)s(uli) p(atri) p(atriae) coh(ors) I Ael(ia) Hispanorum m(illiaria) eq(uitata) devota numini maiestatique eius baselicam equestrem exercitatoriam iam pridem a solo coeptam aedificavit consummavitque sub cura Mari Valeriani leg(ati) Aug(usti) pr(o) pr(aetore) instante M(arco) Aurelio Salvio trib(uno) coh(ortis) imp(eratore) d(omino) n(ostro) Severo Alexandra Pio Fel(ice) Aug(usto) co(n)s(ule) Netherby CE

979 ... .Jis coh(ors) [I Ael(ia) Hisp(anorum) m(illiaria) eq(uitata) Sejveriana [Alexandriana] templum nu[per nimia vetus]tate conlabsufm restituit et] adpristinam [formam consumjmavit imp(eratoribus) d(ominis) [n(ostris)......] Netherby CE

1018 [Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) ] divi Sep(timi) Severi A[rab(ici)Adiab(enici) Part(hici) Max(imi) Brit(annici)] Max(imi) filiodivi Ant[onini Pii Germ(anici) Sarm(atici) nejpoti divi AntofniniPii pronep(oti) divi Hadriani] abnep(oti) divi Trafiani Part(hici)et divi Nervae adnep(oti) M(arco) Aurelio Antonino Pio Fel(ici)Aug(usto)..... ] Cumberland BC

1051 [Divorum] omnium fil[ius imp(erator) Caesar Traianus] Hadr[ianus Augustus impositja necessitat[e imperil intra fines conserjvati [divjinoprfaecepto ... c]o(n)s(ul) II[1.... (about 7 lines lost) diffusis [barbaris et] provincfia reciperata] Britannia ad[didit limitem inter] utrumque O[ceani litus per m(ilia) p(assuum) LXXX] exercitus prfovinciae opus valli fecit] sub cur [a A(uli) Platori Nepotis leg(ati) Aug(usti) pr(o) pr(aetore)] Jarrow B

60

(Honorific building inscriptions ) (Table Wl)1060 Imp(erator) Caes(ar) divi Severi nepos divi Magni Antonini fil(ius)

M(arcus) Aurel(ius) Severus Alexander Pius Felix Aug(ustus) pontiffex) max(imus) trib(unicia) pot(estate) p(ater) p(atriae) co(n)s(ul) aquam usibus mil(itum) coh(ortis) V Gallo(rum) induxit curante Mario Valeriano leg(ato) eius pr(o) pr(aetore) South Shielda AB

1091 Imp(erator) Caes(ar) M(arcus) Ant(onius) Gordianus P(ius) F(elix) Aug(ustus) balneum cum basilica a solo instruxit per Egn(atium) Lucilianum leg(atum) Aug(usti) pr(o) pr(aetore) cttrante M(arco) Aur(elio) Quirinopref(ecto) coh(ortis) I L(ingonum) Gor(dianae) Lanchester BE

1092 Imp(erator) Caesar M(arcus) Antonius Gordianus P(ius) F(elix) Aug(ustus) principia et armamentaria conlapsa restituit per Maecilium Fuscum leg(atum) Aug(usti) pr(o) pr(aetore) curante M(arco) Aur(elio) Quirinopr(aefecto) coh(ortis) I L(ingonum) Gor(dianae) Lanchester B

1147 [Imp(eratori)] T(ito) Aelio Anionino [Au]g(usto) Pio IIco(n)s(uli) [sub] euro Q(uinti) Lolii Vrbici [leg(ati) AJug(usti)pr(o) pr(aetore) leg(io) II Aug(usta) f(ecit) Corbridge BE

1148 Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) [T(ito)] Ael[io] Antonino A[ug(usto)] Pi[o] III co(n)[s(uli) p(atri) p(atriae)] sub cura Q(uinti) [Lolli Vrbici] leg(ati) Au[g(usti) pr(o) pr(aetore)] leg(io) II A[ug(usta)fecit] Corbridge AB

1149 Imperato[ribus Caesaribus] M(arco) Aurelio Afntonino Aug(usto) tribuniciae ]potestati[s XVII] co(n)s(uli) [III et L(ucio) Aurelio Vero Aug(usto)] Afrmeniaco tribuniciae potestatijs I[II] co[(n)s(uli)] II [vexillatio leg(ionis) XX] V(aleriae) V(ictricis) fecit su[b cjura [Sexti Calpurni] Agrico[l]ae [legati Augustorujm pr(o) pr(aetore) Corbridge A

1151 Imp(erator) Caes(ar) L(ucius) Sep(timius) fSJeverus Pi(us) Pertinax et Imp(erator) C[a]esar M(arcus) Aur(elius) AntoninufsJ Pius Augusti et P(ublius) Septi[mi]us Geta Caesar horre[u]m [per] vexillationefm leg(ionis) ...]fecerunt s[ub G(aio) Valeria Pudente leg(ato) Aug(ustorum) pr(o) pr(aetore)] Corbridge B

1202 Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) [di]v[i] L(uci) [Sept(imi) Severi PitPertinacis Aug(usti) Arajbici Adia[benici Parthici] Max(imi)fil(io) divi AntonfiniJ PifiJ G[erm(anici)] Sarm(atici) nep(oti)divi Antoni[ni Pii]pron(epoti) divi Hadr(iani) abnep(oti)divi Traianfi] Parth(ici) et divi Nervae adnep(oti)M(arco) Aurelio Antonino Pio Fel(ici) Aug(usto) [P]ar[t(hico)M[ax(imo) Brijt(annico) Mfax(imo)] pont(ifici) ma[x(imo)]tr(ibunicia) pot(estate) X[VI] imp(eratori) IflJ co(n)s(uli) llllp(atri) p(atriae) pro pietate a[c] devotione communi curante[G(aio) lulio Marco] leg(ato) Aug(usti) pr(o) pr(aetore) coh(ors)II Nerviorum c(ivium) R(omanorum) pos(uit) [d(evota) n(umini)m(aiestati)q(ue) eius] Whitley Castle ?

1203 ...Brit(annico)] Max(imo) Ge[rm(anico) Max(imo) pon]tif(ici) max(imo) trib(unicia) p[ot(estate) XVllll?] co(n)s(uli) llll p(atri) p(atriae) pr[oco(n)s(uli) ... Jpefrj milit(es) cofh(ortis) IINerv(iorum)] [.... Whitley Castle ?

61

(Honorific building inscriptions ) (Table Wl)1205 ....] restitut(um) [sub...]co leg(ato) [Aug(usti) pr(o) pr(aetore)

...v(ir.) c(larissim.) c]o(n)s(ular. ...) pr(ovinciae) Br(itanniae) Whitley Castle BC

1234 [Imp(eratoribus) Caes(aribus) L(ucio) Sept(imio) Severo Pio Pertinaci Arab(ico) Adi]ab(enico) Part(h)[i]co Maxi(mo) co(n)s(uli) III et M(arco) Aurel(io) Antonino Pio co(n)s(uli) II Aug(ustis) et P(ublio) Sept(imio) Getae nob(ilissimo Caes(ari) portctm cum muris vetustate dilapsis iussu Alfeni Senecionis v(iri) c(larissimi) co(n)s(ularis) curante Oclatinio Advento proc(uratore) Aug(ustorum) n(ostrorum) coh(ors) I Vang(i)onum m(illiaria) eq(uitata) cum Aem[i]l[io] Salviano trib(uno) suo a solo restit(uit) Risingham BE

1235 [Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) dijvi Sept(imi) [Severi Pii Arabici Adi]abenic[i Parthici Maxijmi Bri[tannici Maxijmifilio di[vi Antonini Pii Germanici] Sarmatifci nepoti divi Antonjini Pii profnepoti divi HJadriani a[bnep(oti) divi Traianji Partichi et [divi Nervae adnep(oti) M(arco) Aurelio] Antonfino Pio Fel(ici) Aug(usto) Parthjico Maxim[o Britannico Maxima Germanico Maxima] trib(unicia) potestafte XVI imperatori II patri patjrie proconsuli pro [pietate ac devjotione com fmuni ejt lufliae Domnae Piae Fel(ici) Aug(ustae) Majtri August[i nostri item castrorujm senatus <h>ac patrie pro [pijetate <h>ac d[evoti]one [communi curante [////////] leg(ato) Aug(ustorum) pr(o) pr(aetore) coh(ors) I Van]gionum item Raeti Gae[sa]ti et Expl[oratores Habitancenses] posuerun[t d(evoti) n(umini) m(aiestati)q(ue) eorum]

Risingham BE

1236 Imp(erator) Caes(ar) M(arcus) [Aurelius] Antoninus PfiusFel(ix) Aug(ustus)] Adiabenicu[s Parthicus] M[a}xi[mus] Risingham B

1243 ...7 fpejr coh(ortem) [I Vang(ionum)] [et n]ume[rumE]xplor[ator(um) a] sol(o) re[stit(uit) Risingham C

1276 Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) T(ito) Aelio H[a]d[riano] Antonino Aug(usto) Pio p(atri) p(atriae) sub Q(uinto) Lol(lio) Vrbico leg(ato) Aug(usti) pro prae(tore) coh(ors) I Ling(onum) eq(uitata) f(ecit) High Rochester B

1278 [Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) L(uci) Sept(imi) Severi Pii Pertinacis Aug(usti) Arabici Adiabenici Parth(ici) Max(imi) fil(io) divi Antonini Sarm(atici) nep(oti) divi Antonini Piipron(epoti)] difvi Hadr(iani) abnep(oti) divi] Trfaiani Parth(ici) et dijvi Nfervae adnep(oti) M(arco)] Aureflio Antonino Pijo Fel(ici) [Aug(usto) Parthico M]axim[o Brit(annico) Maxima p]ontif(id) [maxima tr(ibuniciapot(estate) X]VI imp(eratori) [IIp(atri) p(atriae) proco(n)s(uli) prjo pieftate et devotione communi. .... High Rochester B

1279 Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) M(arco) Aurelio Severo Antonino Pio Felici Aug(usto) Parthic(o) Max(imo) Brit(annico) Max(imo) Germ(anico) Max(imo) pontifici maxim(o) trib(unicia) potest(ate) XVllll imp(eratori) II co(n)s(uli) HIIproco(n)s(uli) p(atri) p(atriae) coh(ors) I Fida Vardul(lorum) c(ivium) R(omanorum) eq(uitata) m(illiaria) Antoniniana fecit sub cura [.........] leg(ati) Aug(usti)pr(o) p[r(aetore)] High Rochester B

62

(Honorific building inscriptions ) (Table Wl)1280 Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) M(arco) Aufrjelio Antonino Pio Fel(ici)

Aug(usto) trib(unicia) pot(estate) III co(n)s(uli) IIIp[roco(n)s(uli)]p(atri) p(atriae) ballist(arium) a solfoj coh(ors) I F(ida)Vardul(lorum) A[nt(oniniana) sjub euro Tib(eri) Cl(audi) Paulfinilejg(ati) Aug(usti) pr(o) pr(aetore) fe[cit instajnte P(ublio)Ael[io Erasino trib(uno)] High Rochester B

1281

1322

1340

Imp(eratori) Ca[es(ari) M(arco) Aur(elio) Seve]ro Alex[andr]o P(io) F(elici) [Aug(usto) ...... matr(i)] i[mp(eratoris) Caes(aris)et ca]s(trorum) coh(ors) I F(ida) Vard(ullorum) m(illiaria) S(everiana) A(lexandriana) ballis(tarium) a solo re[sti]t(uit) sub c(ura) Cl(audi) Apellini le[g(ati)] Aug(ustorum) instanteAur(elio) Quinto tr(ibuno)

Imp(eratori) Antonino Aug(usto) Piop(atri)pat(riae) vexil(l)atio leg(ioni) II Aug(ustae) et leg(ioni) VI Vic(trici) et leg(ioni) XX V(aleriae) V(ictrici) con(t)r(i)buti ex Ger(maniis) duobus sub lulio Vero leg(ato) Aug(usti) pr(o) p(raetore) - see RIB addenda et corrigenda for other interpretations.

Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) Traiano Hadr[ia]n(o) Aug(usto) A(ulo) Platorio N[epote IJeg(ato) Aug(usti) pr(o) p[r(aetore)] vexillatio c[lassis] Britan(nicae)

High Rochester B

Newcastle

Benwell

BE

AB

1427

1460

1461

1462

1464

1465

Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) Tfra(iano) Hadriano] Aug(usto) leg(io) VI V[ictrix P(ia) F(idelis)] A(ulo) Platorio N[epote] leg(ato) Aug(usti) pr(o) pr(aetore)

Imp(eratori) T(ito) [Aeljio Had(riano) [Anton]ino Aug(usto) [Piop(atri) p(atriae) II] co(n)s(uli) leg(io) [VI Vic(trix)]

[Imp(eratori) T(ito) Ael(io) Ha]dr(iano) Afntonino Aug(usto) Pi]o p(atri) p(atriae) [II co(n)s(uli) vexillatio lejg(ionis) VI V[ict(ricis) P(iae) F(idelis)]

Halton Chesters B

Chesters

Chesters

B

[Imp(eratoribus) Caes(aribus) L(ucio)] Sept(imio) [Severo Pio Pert in] ace [et M(arco) Aur(elio) Antoninjo Pio [Aug(ustis) et [P(ublio) Sep(timio) Gei]ae [nob(ilissimo) Caes(ari) ala II Ast(urum) cujrante Alffeno Senecione co(n)]s(ulari) et Oc[latinio Adventop]roc(uratore) ins[tante........] Chesters

1463 Aqua adducta alae II Astur(um) sub Vlp(io) Marcello leg(ato)Aug(usti) pr(o) pr(aetore) Chesters

.... ala] II Astfurum sub] Vlpio [Marcello lejg(ato) pr(o)[pr(aetore)] Chesters

CE

BC

Imp(erator) Caes[a]r M(arcus) Aurel(ius) [Antoninus P(ius) F(elix)] Au[g(ustus) sacerdos ampliss(imus) dei Invicti Solis Elagabali] p(ontifex) [m(aximus) trjib(unicia) p(otestate) [IHI] co(n)sul [HI]p(ater) p(atriae) divfi Anton(ini) f(ilius) divi Sever(i) nep(os) et M(arcus) [Aur]el(ius) [Alexander nobiliss(imus)] Caesar imperi[i et sacerdoti consors] alae II Astur(um) [Anton(inianae)] v[et]ustate [dilapsum restitujerunt per Marium Valer[ianum

63

(Honorific building inscriptions -1465 cont.) (Table Wl)leg(atum) Aug(ustorum) pr(o) pr(aetore)] instante Septimio Ni[l]oprae[f(ecto) equitum] dedicatum (ante dien) III Kal(endas)Novem(bres) Grfatjo et Selefuco co(n)s(ulibus)] Chesters BC

1466 [SJalvis A ug(ustis) [fjelbc ala II Astur(um) Antoninianaonvexillum: Virtus Aug(ustorum) Chesters BC

1467 ...]per Cl(audium) [Xenephontem] leg(atum) pr(o) [pr(aetore)instante] Sep(timio) Nilfo praef(ecto) equit(um)] Chesters BC

1470 ... 7 curante Aelio Longino praef(ecto) eq(uitum) Chesters BC

1550 ...]v[er]o leg(ato) [Aug(usti) pr(o) pjr(aetore) coh(ors) IAquit[anorum] fecit [sub ...]io Nepote [pra]ef(ecto) Carrawburgh B

1551 .... divi Nerv]ae adfnep(oti) M(arco) A ur(elio) A ntoninjo Pio [Fel(ici) Aug(usto) Parthico] M[a]x(imo) Bfrit(annico) Max(imo)..... Carrawburgh AB

1553 [Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) G(aio lulio Ver]o [Maximino P(io)F(elici) Aug(usto) Gejr(manico) Max(imo) [Dac(ico) Max(imo) Sarm(atico) Max(imo) pont(ifici)] max(imo) [tr(ibunicia) p(otestate) HI imp(eratori) VI co(n)s(uli) p]r(o)co(n)s(uli) fp(atri) p(atriae) et G(aio) lulio Vero] Maxi[mo Ger(manico) Max(imo) Dac(ico) Max(imo) S]arm(atico) [Max(imo) nob(ilissimo)] Caes(ari) n(ostro) sub [......Jucciano v(iro) c(larissimo)leg(ato) [Aug(usti) pr(o) pr(aetore)] coh(ors) I B[a]tavorum [fecit cur]ante Burrio [.........]stoprae[f(ecto) Perpetuo et Cjorneliano[co(n)sfulibus)] Carrawburgh C

1612 Imp(eratoribus) Cafes(aribm) L(ucio) Sejpt(imio) Severo PioP]ert(inaci) [et M(arco) Aur(elio) Antonino Pio Aug(ustis)] Housesteads A

1613 D(ominis) [Nostris Diocletiano et] Mafximiniano..... Housesteads ?

1616 ...J lul(ius) S[...] d(ecreto) vicafnorum] Housesteads D

1634 ...] leg(io) II [Aug(usta)] A(ulo) Platorio N[epote] Hadrian's Wall C

1637 Impferatoris) Ga[e]s(aris) Traian(i) Hadrian(i) Aug(usti) leg(io) I [I] Aug(usta) A(ulo) Platorio [N]epote leg(ato) pr(o) p[r(aetore)] Hadrian's Wall CE

1638 Impferatoris) Caes(aris) Traian(i) Hadriani Aug(usti) leg(io)IIAug(usta) A(ulo) Platorio Nepote leg(ato) pr(o) pr(aetore) Hadrian's Wall C

1666 Im[p(eratori) Caes(ari) Traian(o)] Hfadriano Aug(usto)] le[g(io) II Aug(usta)] A(ulo) Pla[torio Nepote leg(ato) pr(o) pr(aetore)] Hadrian's Wall C

1702 [Imp(eratori) Cajes(ari) Traiafno Hadjriano Afug(usto) le]g(io) II Au[g(usta) A(ulo) Platorio Nepote leg(ato) pr(o) pr(aetore)] Vindolanda B

1703 .. .] su[b Sexto Calpurnio] Agfricola leg(ato) A ug(usti)pr(o) pr(aetore)] Vindolanda B

64

(Honorific building inscriptions ) (Table Wl)1705 [Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) M(arco) Aur]el[i]o An[t]on[i]no

P[i]o [F]el[i]c[i] [Aug(usto) Parthi(co) MaJxfiJ(mo) Britan(n)i(co) Maxi(mo) ponti(fici) [maxi(mo) trib(unicia)] potest(ate) XVI imp(eratori) II [co(n)s(uli) 1111 pa]tr[i] patriae proco(n)s(uli) prfoj[pietate ajc devotione communi [......]coh(ors) IIIIGallofrum] cuipr[ae(est)] [........ Vindolanda CE

1706 ....coh(ors) IIII] Gallor(um) [Severianae Alevandrianaedejvotae nu[mi]ni eius porftam cum tujrribus [a] fundamen[tisrestitujerunt sub Cl(audio) Xenephofnte IJeg(ato) [Aug(usti)n(ostri) pr(o) [pr(aetore) Br(itanniae Inf(erioris)] curante [.... Vindolanda ?

1736 Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) Trai(a)n(o) Had[ri]ano Aug(usto)p(atri) p(atriae) Great Chesters BC

1737 [Imp(eratoribus) Caesaribjus Antonino et [Vero AugustisParjthicis Medic is [Armeniacis coh(ors) V]I? Raetoru[m......]misia[...]cci[...]et [......]iiat[.... Great Chesters B

(

1852 [Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) divi Traianifil(io) divij Nervae nefp(oti)Traijano Hadria[no] Aug(usto) leg(io) XX V(aleria) V(ictrix) Hadrian's Wall C

1909 Imp(eratoribus) Caes(aribus) L(ucio) Sept(imio) Severe PioPert(inaci) et M(arco) Aur(elio) A[nt]onino Aug(ustis) [et P(ublio)Sep(timio) Getae nob(ilissimo) Caes(ari)] horreum fecer(unt)coh(ortes) I Ael(ia) Dac(orum) et I T(h)racum c(ivium) R(omanorum)sub Alfeno Senecione co(n)s(ulari) per Aurel(ium) lulianumtr(ibunum) Birdoswald CE

1912 [D(ominis] n(ostris) DiocfletianoJ et M[axim]iano Invictis Aug(ustis) et Constantio et Maximiano n(obilissimis) C(aesaribus) sub v(iro) p(erfectissimo) Aur(elio) Arpagio pr(aeside) praetor(ium) quoderat humo copert(um) et in labe(m) conl(apsum) et princ(ipia) et bal(neum) rest(ituit) curant(e) Fl(avio) Martino cent(urione) p(rae)p(osito) c(ohors) [..... Birdoswald CE

1914 Sub Modio lulio leg(ato) Aug(usti) pr(o) pr(aetore) coh(ors) I Ael(ia) D(a)c(orum) cui praeest M(arcus) Cl(audius) Menander trib(unus) Birdoswald C

1932 leg(ionis) IIAug(ustae) [coh(ors) ] VIIsu[b cujra [..... Hadrian's Wall BC

1934 [l]eg(io) VI Vic(trix) [P(ia)] Fidelis f(ecit) Hadrian's Wall BC

1935 [Imp(eratoris) Caes(aris) Traiani Had]ria[ni Augusti leg(io) .......A (ulo) Pl[atorio Nepote leg(ato) pr(o) pr(aetore)] Hadrian's Wall BC

1938 ....leg(io) VI Vic(trix) P(ia) Fidelis ffecit) Hadrian's Wall BC

1957 Im[p(eratore) C[aesare) T(ito) Ael(io)] Hadrifano] Anto[nino Hadrian's Wall D

2110 Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) T(ito) A[el(io)] Hadr(iano) An[to]ninoAug(usto) [Pio pojnt(ifici) max(imo) ftrjib(unicia) pot(estate) XXIco(n)s(uli) IIII coh(ors) II [Tung]r(orum) mfijl(liaria) eq(uitata)c(oram) l(audata) sub Iu[lio Vero] leg(ato) Aug(usti) pr(o)pr(aetore) Birrens AB

65

(Honorific building inscriptions ) (Table Wl)2119 l[egio]X[XV(aleria)V(ictrix)]f(ecit) Cappuck ?

2139 Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) Tito Aelio Hadri(ano) Antonino Aug(usto) Piop(atri) p(atriae) leg(io) II Aug(usta) per m(ilia) p(assuum) IIIIDCLHfec(it) on vexillum: leg(io) II Aug(usta) Bridgeness B

2145 [Imp(eratori) Cajes(ari) Tito [Aelio] Hadriano [Anto]nino Aug(usto) [Pio]p(atri) p(atriae) coh(ors) VI [Nerjviorum pri[nci]pia fecit Rough Castle C

2155 Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) T(ito) Ael(io) Ant(onino) Aug(usto)Pio p(atri) p(atriae) coh(ors) I Tungrorum fecit (milliaria) Castlecary BC

2163 .. [leg(io)] V[I Vic(trix)] P(ia) [F(idelis) f(ecit)] Croy Hill BC

2170 I[mp(eratori) Caejsari T(ito) Ael(io) [Hadr(iano) AnjtoninoAu[gusto Piop(atri) p(atriae) cjoh(ors) I Bfaetasior(um) c(ivium) R(omanorum) ob vir[tutem etfi]dem Bar Hill B

2173 Imp(eratori) Caesari T(ito) Aelio Hadriano Antonino Aug(usto) Pio p(atri) p(atriae) vexillatio leg(ionis) XX Val(eriae) Vic(tricis) f(ecit) per mil(ia) p(assuum) HI Antonine Wall C

2185 Imp(eratori) Caesari T(ito) Aelio Hadriano Antonino Aug(usto) Pio p(atri) p(atriae) vexilla(tio) leg(ionis) VI Vic(tricis) P(iae) F(idelis) per m(ilia) p(assuum) [...] Kirkintilloch BC

2186 Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) Tito Aelio Hadriano Antonino Aug(usto) Pio p(atri) p(atriae) leg(io) II Aug(usta) per m(ilia) p(assuum) HI DCLXVI s(emis) Cadder C

2191 [Imp(eratori) C(aesari) T(ito) Ael(io) Hadr(iano) Antonino Aug(usto) Piop(atri) p(atriae) leg(io) II Au[g(usta) sub] Q(uinto) Lollio Vrfbico] leg(ato) Aug(usti) pr(o) pr(aetore) [fec(it)] Balmuildy C

2192 [Im]p(eratori) C(aesari) [T(ito) Ael(io) Hadr(iano) Antoninjo [Aug(usto) Piop(atri) p(atriae) leg(io)] II [Aug(usta) fec(it) sub Q(uinto) Lo]llio [Vrbico leg(ato) Aug(usti) pr(o)] pr(aetore) Balmuildy BC?

2193 Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) Tito Aelio Hadriano Antonino Aug(usto) Piop(atri) p(atriae) leg(io) II Aug(usta) pep m(ilia) p(assuum) III DCLXVI s(emis) Balmuildy BCE

2194 Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) T(ito) Aelio Hadr(iano) Antonino Aug(usto) Pio p(atri) p(atriae) vexilla(tio) leg(ionis) VI Vic(tricis) P(iae) F(idelis) per m(ilia) p(assuum) III DCLXVI s(emis) Balmuildy C

2196 Imp(eratori) Caesar(i) T(ito) Aelio Hadriano Antonino Aug(usto) Pio p(atri) p(atriae) vexillatio leg(ionis) VI Victr(icis) P(iae) F(idelis) per m(ilia) p(assuum) III DCLXVI s(emis) Castlehill BC

2197 Imp(eratori) C(aesari) T(ito) Aelio Hadriano Antonino Aug(usto) Pio p(atri) p(atriae) vex(illatio) leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) p(er) p(edum) III (milia) Castlehill B

66

(Honorific building inscriptions ) (Table Wl)2198 Imp(eratori) C(aesari) T(ito) Ael(io) Hadriano Antonino Aug(usto)

Pio p(atri) p(atriae) vex(illatio) leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) fec(it) p(er) p(edum) III (milia) Castlehill C

2199 Imp(eratori) C(aesari) T(ito) Ae(lio) Hadriano Antonino Aug(usto) Pio p(atri) p(atriae) vex(illatio) leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis)fec(it)p(...... Antonine Wall C

2200 Imp(eratori) C(aesari) T(ito) Aelio Hadriano Antonino Aug(usto) p(atri) p(atriae) vex(illatio) leg(ionis) VI Victric[i]s P(iae) F(idelis) opus valli p(edum) MMMCCXL f(ecit) on the standard: Virtus Aug(usta) Duntocher C

2204 Imp(eratori) Anton(ino) Aug(usto) Piop(atri) p(atriae) leg(io)IIA ug(usta) f(ecit) p(edum) HI (milia) CCLXXI Duntocher C

2205 Imp(eratori) C(aesari) T(ito) Aelio Hadriano Antonino Aug(usto) p(atri) p(atriae) vex(illatio) leg(ionis) VI Vic(tricis) P(iae) F(idelis) opus valli p(edum) MMMMCXLI Old Kilpatrick CE

2206 [I]mp(eratori) C(aesari) T(ito) Ae(lio) [HJadriano [AJntonino [AJug(usto) Pio p(atri) p(atriae) [vex(illatio) IJeg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) [p(er) p(edum) IIII (milia) CJDXI [fec(it)] Old Kilpatrick BC

2208 Imp(eratori) C(aesari) T(ito) Ael(io) Hadriano Antonino Aug(usto) Pio p(atri) p(atriae) vex(illatio) leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) fec(it) p(er) p(edum) IIII (milia) CDXI West of Old Kilpatrick B

Britannia i 1970 309 no. 19Imp(eratori) C(aesari) T(ito) Ae(lio) Hadriano Antonino Aug(usto)Pio p(atri) p(atriae) vex(illatio) leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae)V(ictricis) fec(it) p(er) p(edum) III (milia) Hutcheson Hill BC

ii 1971 290 no. 7 .. .]missa div[........Ja castris qua[........Jcorum clause[........Jcontra regim[........Jorum fem[........]s per m[....... Jrif........Juto[......]pri[......]m Chester A

67

Table Wl: Building and quarrying inscriptions cont.

FunctionalRef. Text RIB230 publicfum279 c(o)ho(rtis) I Frisiavo(num) c(enturia) Val(eri) Vitalis284 Candidus290 laniris300-1 GAAM336 coh(ortis) IIc(enturii, _ ...... pe(des) XXI1X337 coh(ortis) II c(enturia) Valeri Flavi338 coh(ortis) ....] II[c(enturia)? Marcjellini339 coh(ortis) HI c(enturia) Rufini Primi340 c(o)ho(rtis) V c(enturia) Paetini341 c(o)ho(rtis) VI hast(ati) prio(ris) c(enturia) Roesi Modera(ti)342 coho(rs) VIIII343 coh(ortis) Xc(enturia) Fl(avi) Iulin(i)344 (centuria) Cl(audi) Cup(iti)345 c(enturia) Ful(vi) Mac(ri)347 [c(enturia)] Licini Nerv(ae)348 c(enturia) Pian(...)349 fc(enturia) QJuintini350 c(enturia) Sadi Tir(onis)351 c(enturia) Valeri Maxim[i]352 [coh(ortis)] VIII c(enturia) Valer(i) Maxsimi353 c(enturia) Veciliana354 [c(enturia)] Vibi Proculi355 Primus tes(s)era(rius)401 c(enturia) Peregrinifec(it)402 c(enturia) V&lentis?406 p(edes) or p(assus) CXXV407 coh(ors) IIAstur(um) [...409 c(enturia) Arti M(arcus) Ennius Primus410 c(enturia) Arti411 c(enturia) Verioni[s]415 c(enturia) Marci f(ecit) p(edes) XXXXVI420 c(enturia) And(...) p(edes) XXXIX421 c(enturia) lull Mans(ueti)422 c(enturia) Man[s(ueti)] p(edes) XXXIX423 c(enturia) Iul(i) Perpetui p(edes) XXI424 c(enturia) lull Perpetui P(edes) XXXIX425 c(enturia) Perpetui p(edes) XX426 c(enturia) Perpe(tui) p(edes) XXI427 c(enturia) Perpetuip(edes) XXII428 c(enturia) Marc(i)439 c(enturia) Cesoniana440 c(enturia) pr(imi) p(ili)441 c(enturia) Rufi Sabi(ni) GNA T (=fecit?) L V444 cm?467 coh(ortis) I c(enturia) Ocrati Maximi L(ucius) Mu(...) P(...)468 c(o)hort(is) III c(enturia) Ferro(ni)469 c(enturia) Abucinfi]470 [c(enturia) Abjucini471 c(enturia) Atti Celeris472 c(enturia) T(iti) Flavi Cicatricul(ae)473 c(enturia) Q(uinti( Max(imi)

Location Lettering

Sawtry, Hunts CHiT_l_ _-_!___ y-i .1 T--VT

Wall, Staffs.WroxeterWroxeterCaerleonCaerleonCaerleonCaerleonCaerleonCaerleonCaerleonCaerleonCaerleonCaerleonCaerleonCaerleonCaerleonCaerleonCaerleonCaerleonCaerleonCaerleonCaerleonTretowerTretowerDolaucothiLlanioLlanioLlanioLlanioCastell CollenTomen-y-MurTomen-y-MurTomen-y-MurTomen-y-MurTomen-y-MurTomen-y-MurTomen-y-MurTomen-y-MurTomen-y-MurHoltHoltHoltPrestatynChesterChesterChesterChesterChesterChesterChester

DDDCCCBCECECEBBCCDBDD?EC?9

DDDECDDDCDCBDCCCCCDDEDDCBCECCDDD

68

(Functional building inscriptions)474577

(Table Wl)c(enturia) Q(uinti) Ter(enti) N[...] Chester coho(rtis) I Frisiav(onum) c(enturia) Masavonis p(edes) XXIII Manchester

ManchesterRibchesterRibchesterSlackYork

578 coh(o)r(tis) I Frisiavo(num) c(enturia) Quintiani p(edes) XXIIII Manchester579 c(enturia) Cudre.ni c(o)hor(tis) 1 [F]ris[iav(onum)]p(edes)... Manchester580 c(enturia) Candidi [pejdes XXIIII592 leg(io) XX V(aleria) V(ictrix) fecit593 coh(ortis) Xc(enturia) Titiana o(peris) p(edes) XXVll 625 c(enturia) Reburrini668 coh(ors) X669 (a) leg(io) [VI] Vic[t(rix)]

(b) leg(io) [VI] Vict(rix)(c) [...] Victri[...](d) c(enturia) Anton(i) R[u]f[inia]n[i] CXX(e) c(enturia) Anton(i) R[u]f[iniani](/) VNO[...] MNVI[....]VIC(g) c(enturia) [....(h) LN[.]XXX(i) c(enturia) [...

718 Sanqu[s] 721 lustinianus p(rae)p(ositus) Vindicianus magister turrfejm

(et) castrum fecit a so(lo) 767 c(enturia) CastfiJ 803 coh(ors) II Traq(um) fec(it)852 vexil(lationes) leg(ionum) II Aug(ustae) etXX V(aleriae)

V(ictricis) fecerunt853 legtto) XX854 [legtto) XX Gjord(iana)855 coh(ors) I [H]i[sp(anorum) fecit]871 sig(nifer) (+ human figure)880 [... Jliapraef(ectus) coh(ortis) II Pannon(iorum) fecit884 leg(io) VI Vi(ctrix) P(ia) F(idelis) f(ecit)998 G(aius) Varronius f.Jssits leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis)

Ael(ius) Lucanus [co]r[nicen] leg(ionis) II Aug(ustae) C[..999 c(enturiae) leg(ionis) II Aug(ustae) [..]XX V(aleriae)

V(ictricis) co[...1000 GV OCTCOT COSS V1001 leg(ionis) IIAug(ustae) militespet(ras.......J

coh(ors) 111 coh(ors) IIII1003 PVPILABIRICNA lanuarius LucanufsJ1004 Maximus scri(p)sit1005 legdonis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) Condrausisius1006 //1008 vex(illatio) leg(ionis) II Aug(ustae) of(flcina) Apr(...)

sub Agricola optione1009 Apro et Maxima consulibus of(f)icina Mercati1010 Mercatius FERN I1013 lulin(us)1014 c(enturia) Iul(i) Peculiar is vexil(l)atio leg(ionis) XX

V(aleriae) V(ictricis)1015 EPPIVSM1016 primary: ara(m) fecit Eustus

secondary: legione sexstertiary: et Amio

1019 vex(illatio) Isg(ionis) VI Vic(tricis) P(iae) F(idelis) fec(it) 1025 leg(io) VI Vic(trix) 1027 Bellinus 1038 legtto} VI

D9

9

?E 9

Cc9

9

York Malton

Ravenscar Kirkby Thore Moresby

Mary port Maryport Maryport Maryport Maryport Beckfoot Papcastle

CE

DECDE

CDCABDBB

Cumberland Quarries D

Cumberland Quarries Cumberland Quarries

Cumberland Quarries ?Cumberland Quarries ?Cumberland Quarries DECumberland Quarries DCumberland Quarries D

Cumberland Quarries DCumberland Quarries DECumberland Quarries DCumberland Quarries C

Cumberland Quarries DCumberland Quarries D

Cumberland Quarries Cumberland C Piercebridge C Piercebridge C Binchester C

DE

69

(Functional building inscriptions)1040 lulius Victorinus c(enturia) Pu[.....1061 leg(io) VI1093 leg(io) XX Valeria Victrixfe(cit)1094 coh(ors) I1095 fcojh(ortis) VIII c(enturia) Oppi Proculi1106 coh(ors)V1107 coh(ors)V1108 coh(ors) V V ..II .V ...IV1109 coh(ortis) V [c(enturia)] Martial(is)1111 c(enturia) Valer(i)1112 c(enturia) Varsidi lusti1154 vexillus leg(ionis) II Aug(ustae)1155 leg(ionis) II Aug(ustae) coh(ors) HIf(ecit)1156 leg(ionis) II Aug(itstae) coh(ors) HI1159 leg(io) VI Vic(trix) fef(cit)]1160 leg(io) VI Vic(trix) P(ia) F(idelis)1161 Instante Fl(avio) Hygin(o) c(enturione) leg(ionis) VI

V(ictricis)1162 legio(nis) VI Pie F(idelis) vex(illatio) refe(cit)1163 vexifllatio] leg(ionis) VI Vic(tricis) P(iae) F(idelis) sub

cfura Viri] Lupfi v(iri) c(larissimi) co(n)s(ularis)1164 flejg(io) [XX] V(aleria) V(ictrix) [fee]it1166 leg(ionis) <X>XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis)1167 c(enturia) Tu(lli) Cap(i)t(onis) coh(ortis) Via..? de(dit)1169 coh(ortis) VIIH c(enfuria) Marci Coma(ti)1170 lulianus1196 Voussoir stones marked with numerals1204 vex(illatio) leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) refec(it)1239 leg(io) VI Vic(trix) P(ia) F(idelis) f(ecit)1240 vexil(latio)[coh(ortis) ...]Nerv[ior(um)]fecfit]1241 coh(ors) I Vang(ionum) fecit curante lul(io) Paullo trib(uno)1283 vex(illatio) leg(ionis) VI Vic(tricis) P(iae) F(idelis) fecit1284 vexillatio leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) fecit1285 coh(ors) I Vardullorum fecit1286 P(ublius) Ael(ius) Erasmus trib(unus)1287 c(entuna) lul(i) S(...)1297 leg(io) II Augu(sta) fe[c(it)...1309 c(o)ho(rtis) I c(enturia) Flori1310 coh(ortis) II c(enturia) Vari Celerifs]1311 coh(ortis) III c(enturia) Senti Prisci1312 coh(ortis) X c(enturia) lustini Secundi1323 coh(ors) I Thracum1324 coh(ortis) VII[...]1341 leg(io) II Aug(usta) on standard: leg(io) II1342 leg(ionis) IIAug(ustae) coh(ors) II1343 leg(ionis) II coh(ors) IIII1344 leg(ionis) II Aug(ustae) coh(ors) X1345-6 c(enturia) Arri1347 c(enturia) Peregrini1354 c(enturia) Herenniani1356-7 c(enturia) luli Rufi1358 leg(ionis) II Aug(ustae) coh(ors) I fecfit)1359 l(egionis) IIAug(ustae) c(o)ho(rs) Vlllfec(it)1360 leg(ionis) II Aug(ustae) coh(ors) VIII1362-3 c(enturia) Val(eri) Fl(avi)1364 c(enturia) Pro(culi)1365 coh(ortis) I Dacor(um) c(enturia) Ael(i) Dida(e)

(Table Wl)BinchesterSouth ShieldsLanchesterLanchesterLanchesterEbchesterEbchesterEbchesterEbchesterEbchesterEbchesterCorbridgeCorbridgeCorbridgeCorbridgeCorbridge

CorbridgeCorbridge

CorbridgeCorbridgeCorbridgeCorbridgeCorbridgeCorbridgeCorbridgeWhitley CastleRisinghamRisinghamRisinghamHigh RochesterHigh RochesterHigh RochesterHigh RochesterHigh RochesterHigh Rochester?Hadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallBenwellBenwellBenwellBenwellBenwellBenwellHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's Wall

DCAC99999

DDBECCBC

CCE

BBCECDD9999

CCBCCBCCCE9

D?DDC9

C9

D99

CBCE9

CBD

Wallsend

to

Newcastle

Benwell

to

Rudchester

70

(Functional building inscriptions)1367 c(enturia) Atisi1368 c(enturia) Avidi Rufi1369 c(enturia) luli Pri[...]1370-2 building stones bearing numerals1373 c(enturia) p(rlmi) p(ili)13 74 c(enturia) luli Proculi1375 coh(ortis) V [..] c(entuha) Mi Iuv(enalis?)1376 cfenturia) Peregrini1377 c(enturia) Mud ..EN1378 ...FJelix1379 building stones bearing numerals1380 c(enturia) Car[...1381-2 building stones bearing numerals1385 leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) coh(ors) IV1386 c(enturia) Iul(i) Ruffi]1387 c(enturia) Fl(avi) As[....1388 leg(ionis) VI [V]ic(tricis) P(iae) F(idelis) reffjecit coh(ors) X1389 leg(io) VI V(ictrix) P(ia) F(idelis) ref(ecit) Ter(tulh) el

Sac(erdote) co(n)s(ulibus) S(...) F(...)1390 leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) coh(ors) VIII1391 legfionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) coh(ortis) X [c(enturia)]

prinfcipis prioris)1400 coh(ortis) III[I] c(enturia) Pedi Qui(nti)1401 fcjohfortis) VI cfenturia) Aprilis1402 c(enturia) Arri1403 NEMI1406 cfenturia) Imid[.]i1407 cfenturia) luv(enti)1408 cfenturia) f.Jisi V[e]ri1409 cohfonisi VIII cfenturia) Flfavi) Latini1410 c(entuna) Hos(tili) Lupi1411 numeral: IX1412 cfenturia) Voconi Co[...]1413 cfenturia) [H]uman[i]?1414 coh(ors) III1415 [cfenturia) CJassi [P]ris[ci?]1416 cfenturia) Turriani Prisci1418 cohofrtis) X cfenturia) Sempron(i)1419 leg(io) IIA ugfusta) ffee it)1422 cohfors) LX\ 428 leg(io) IIA ugfusta) ffecit)1429 le(gio) VI V(ictrix) Pfia) Ffidelis) fecfit)1430 leg(io) V[I] Vicftrix) et legfio) [XX] Vfalena) Vfictrix)

[fjecferunt)1431 legfionis) XX V(aleriae) Vfictricis) [cfenturia)] Hortensfi)

ProcuKi)1438 legfio) VI Vi(ctrix) ffecit)1439 cohfortis) VI cfenturia) Statilfi] Solonis1440 c(o)hofrtis) VIII cfenturia) Caecili Clemefntis)1441 cohfortis) III cfenturia) Volusiafna)1442 petra Flavi Carantini1443 legfio) II Augfusta)1444 cohfortis) IX cfenturia) Paufli) Apri1445 left end: Tfurma) L(uci) A(......) F(ani) pfer) valflum)

pfedes) CXIHface: tfurma) L(uci) Af......) Fani

1447 cfenturia) Pompei Rufi

(Table Wl)Hadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's Wall

Hadrian's WallHadrian's Wall

Hadrian's WallRudchesterRudchesterRudchesterRudchesterHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHalton ChestersHalton Chesters

Halton Chesters

Halton ChestersHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's Wall

Hadrian's WallHadrian's Wall

DC7?CCCD7C9

BC??7D7

77

7D7DDDDCDC7799

7CED°7DB9

9

999

DE7DCC

DD

Benwell

to

Rudchester

Rudchester

to

HaltonChesters

HaltonChesters

to

Chesters

71

(Functional building inscriptions)1471 leg(io) VI Vi(ctrix)1472 c(enturia) p(rimi) p(ili)1473 coh(ortis) 1 c(enturia) Mas.... Ba(ssi)1474 coh(ortis) [...] c(enturia) Fl(avi) Civfijlfijs1475 coh(ortis) V c(enturia) Caecili Procul(i)1476 coh(ortis) V c(enturia) Caecil[i] Procufli]1477 c(enturia) Horta[e]s[i] Maximi1478 c(enturia) Locu[pletis]1479 c(enturia) Similis1488 Biaso1489 lapis unus1490 miles1491 Neilo1497 coh(ortis) Vlll c(enturia) Sabiniana1498 coh(ortis) Vllll c (enturia) Aeli Aeliani1499 coh(ortis) VI c(enturia) Lousi Suavis1500 c(o)ho(rtis) Xc(enturia) M(arci) Atelli Vrsi1501 coh(ortis) I c(enturia) Na(s...) Bassi has(tati) p(osterioris)1502 c(enturia) p(rimi) p(ili)1503 c(enturia) p(rimi) p(ili)1505 coh(ortis) VI c(enturia) De[c]i[m]iana?1506 coh(ortis) VI [c(enturia)] LousfiJ Suavis1507 [c(enturia)] Fl(avi) luliani1508 coh(ortis) VI c(enturia) Libe[r]alis1509 coh(ortis) X [c(enturia)] Iun(i) Ruffi?]1510 c(enturia) p(rimi) [p(ili)] Serefni]1511 c (enturia) Cusini O[,..]1512 c(enturia) Ada[u]c[t(i)] Pud(entis)1513 c(enturia) Antoni Felic[is]1514 c(o)ho(rtis) X c(enturia) lull Commidi1515 c (enturia) Helleni1516 c(enturia) Naso(nis)1519 c(enturia) Rom(...) Pro(...)1554 c(enturia) Alexandfri]1555 c(enturia) Antoni Rus(tici)1556 c(enturia) Thruponiana p(edes) XXllll1564 c (enturia) A vidi1565 c(enturia) Avidi1566 vexil(l)atfio) legionfis......1567 c(enturia) Avid(i) Rufi1568 coh(ortis) I [c(enturia) ] Terenti Cantabrfi]1569 leg(io) IIAug(usta)1570 coh(ortis) V c (enturia) Caecili Procli1571 coh(ortis) V pr(incipis) c(enturia) Max(imi)1572 c(enturia) Gelli PhilippfiJ1574 /egftoj // .4 ug(usta)1575 c(enturia) Florinip(edes) XXII1625 Aur(elius) scal(psit^)1629 [pe]datura [.. Juci1632 c(enturia) lull Candid(i) ffecit)1635 /feg/o; K/ V(ictrix) P(ia) F(idelis) f(ecit)1643 c(enturia) p(rimi) p(ili)1644 coh(ors) Vll1645 leg(io) XX V(aleria) V(ictrix)1646 coh(ortis) I c(enturia) lull Candid(i)1647 coh(ortis) Ic(enturia) Olc(...) Libonfis]1648 coh(ortis) III! c(enturia) Cla(udi) Cleonici

(Table Wl)ChestersChestersChestersChestersChestersChestersChestersChestersChestersChestersChestersChestersChestersHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's Wall Hadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallCarrawburgh Carrawburgh Carrawburgh Hadrian's WallHadrian's Wall Hadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHousesteadsHousesteadsHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's Wall

DCDCDCCDDDDDDDCDCEDCEC999999999

D

Chesters

to

C Carrawburgh DCDDDC D CD CD Carrawburgh DECDCDED

to

C Housesteads9

DDDDCCDCCCC

72

(Functional building inscriptions)1649 coh(ortis) VII c(enturia) Pompe(i)1650 coh(ortis) VIII c(enturia) Marf. (....)]1651 coh(ortis) VIII c(enturia) PostumfiJ1652 [c(enturia)] Coccei [RJeguli1653 c(enturia) Candi(di)ana (pedes) XXII1654 c(enturia) Fl(ori)1655 c(enturia) Kalpurniani1656 c(enturia) Marit(imi)1657 c(enturia) Caecili Moni(mi)1658 c(enturia) lulli Val(...)1659 c(enturia) Rufi Sabini1660 c(enturia) Secitfndi]1661 c(enturia) Veri1662 c(enturia) Veri1663 c(enturia) Venuli1664 coh(ortis) LX c(enturia) Flavi Norici1668 c(enturia) Gelli Philippi1669 c(enturia) Maxi(mi)1670 c(enturia) Romulei lusti1671 c(enturia) Victorini1672 c(ivitas) Dur(o)tr(i)g(um) [L]endin(i)e(n)sis1673 ci(vitas) Durotrag(um) Lendinie(n)si[s]1674 coh(ortis) I c(enturia) lull Candidi1675 coh(ortis) HI c(enturia) Socelliana1676 coh(ortis) V c(enturia) Ostoriani1677 c(enturia) lull Florentini1678 c(o)ho(nis) VI c(enturia) Liberaflis]1679 primary: coh(ors)

secondary: coh(ortis) VI c(enturia) Caledon(i) Secun(di)1681 c(enturia) Lousi Suavis1682 c(enturia) Val(eri) Maxi(mi)1707 leg(ioms) II vexi[l(lum)]1708 leg(io) XX V(aleria) V(ictrix)1709 Celer c(enturia) p(rimi) p(ili)1710 .. .] coh(ors) [IIII Gall forum)] Probiafna eq(uitata)]

q(uorum) c(uram) [a(git) Aur(elius)] Muc[...]1711 c(enturia) V(a)leriani1712 Cal(...) Dec(...)1720 Voussoir stones bearing numerals1754 coh(ortis) V c(enturia) Sexti Proc(uli)1755 coh(ortis) III [c(enturia)] Seni[lis]1756 coh(ortis) VII[c(enturia) ..]XI[..]lANf.J1757 coh(ortis) VIII c(enturia) Seed1758 c(enturia) Max(imi)1760 c(enturia) Mart Dex(tri)1761 c(enturia) Valeri Veri1762 [leg(ionis)] XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) [c(o)h]o(rtis) X

[c(enturia) lulji Flo[ren]tini1763 coh(ortis) I c(enturia) Flavi Cre(scentis)1764 coh(ortis) VIII c(enturia) Seed1765 c(enturia) Munati Max(imi)1766 coh(ortis) V c(enturia) Val(eri) Maximi1768 coh(ortis) III c(enturia) Socelliana1769 coh(ortis) III c(enturia) Ferroni Vegeti1770 c(enturia) Cl(audi) Augus[t]a(ni)1771 c(enturia) Mari Dext(ri)1772 c(o)ho(rtis) VI c(enturia) Lepidiana

(Table Wl)Hadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's Wall

Hadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallVindolanda?VindolandaVindolanda

VindolandaVindolandaVindolandaVindolandaHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's Wall

Hadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's Wall

DEDDDDDDDD HousesteadsDEC7CDDDCCCCCDECECCDCD

DDD7DC

CCEC7DC7CCDD

CCC777CCDCE

to

GreatChesters

GreatChesters

to

Carvoran

73

(Functional building inscriptions)1774 coh(ortis) V c(enturia) lull Vale(ntis)1811 coh(ortis) III c(enturia) Cl(audi) Augustani1812 coh(ortis) X c(enturia) F(lavi) Norici1813 c(enturia) Claudi p(edes) XXXs(emis)1814 c(enturia) Felicis p(edes) XXf(ecit)1815 c(enturia) H[ort]ens[ia]n[a]1816 c(enturia) Iul(i) Ca[.....] vallafvitjp(edes) C[.....1817 c(enturia) Marftialis] Anto[nius] Viatofr ex] G(ermania)

S(uperiore) f(ecit)1818 c(enturia) Prim[....] v[alla]vit p(edes) CX[II] sub Fl(avio)

Secundo pref(ecto)1819 c(enturia) Sen[ti] Prise[i]1820 c(enturia) Silvani vallavit p(edes) CX1I sub Fla(vio) Secundo

[pr]aef(ecto)1821 c(enturia) Sorioni(s)1822 c(enturia) Valeri Cassiain p(er) v(allum) p(edes) XIX Carvoran1823 coh(ors) I Batovontm f(ecit)1843 civitas Dum(no)ni(orum)1844 civitas Dumnon(iorum)1846 c(enturia) Mun(ati) Maxsu(mi)1847 c(enturia) Aeliani1849 coh(ortis) I c(enturia) Libon[i]s1851 coh(ortis) II c(enturia) Laetia[ni]1853 c(enturia) Valeri Veri1854 coh(ortis) VI c(enturia) Caledoni Secund(i)1855 coh(ortis) HI c(enturia) Cl(audi) Augu[s(tani)]1856 coh(ortis) I c(enturia) Opsili1857 coh(ortis) I c(enturia) Libonis1858 c(enturia) Vesui Rufi1859 coh(ortis) VI c(enturia) Lousi Suavis1860 c(enturia) Coccei Reguli1861 coh(ortis) VI c(enturia) Lousi Suavis1862 c(enturia) Coccei Reguli1867 c(enturia) Ferron[i] Vegeti coh(ortis) HI1868 c(enturia) Probiana1869 c(enturia) Cassi Prisci coh(ortis) VI1916 leg(io) VI Vic(trix) P(ia) F(idelis) f(ecit)1917 c(enturia) Congaoni Candidi p(edes) XXX1918 c(enturia) Deci Sax(ae) coh(ortis) I Dac(orum)1927 Dada1930 coh(ortis) IIII c(enturia) Probian(a)1931 c(enturia) Hortensiana1936 c(enturia) Cari(si) Scipion(is)1937 c(enturia) Floriani c(o)h[o](rtis) VIII leg(ioms) [V]I1943 c(o)ho(rtis) VIIII [c(enturia)] Mar(i) Ruf(i)1944 ped(atura) cl(assis) Brit(annicae)1945 ped(atura) cl(assis) Brit(annicae)1946 ...]Securus c(enturia) Ap[...] lustus1947 Maternus1948 Matern[us]1949 DE1950 Mius1951 Stadus f(ecit)1952 [A]pol(l)onius Daminius nolui f.Jdos [..]S[....1958 c(enturia) p(rimi) p(ili)1962 civitate Catuvellaunorum Toss[o]dio1966 leg(io) VI Vic(trix) P(ia) F(idelis) f(ecit)

(Table Wl)Hadrian's WallCarvoranCarvoranCarvoranCarvoranCarvoranCarvoran

Carvoran

CarvoranCarvoran

CarvoranCarvorani DECarvoranHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallBirdoswaldBirdoswaldBirdoswaldBirdoswaldHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's WallCoombe CragCoombe CragCoombe CragCoombe CragCoombe CragCoombe CragCoombe CragHadrian's WallHadrian's WallHadrian's Wall

C9DCD9

C

CED

BD

DCECDEC9

C9

CCDCDDDDCDDDBDDDC9

DDE9

? (CDDDDDDDCDB

Carvoran

to

Birdoswald

Birdoswalt

Castlesteads

74

(Functional building inscriptions)1967 leg(io) VI Vic(trix) P(ia) F(idelis) f(ecit)1968 leg(io) VI V[ic(trix)] P(ia) F(idelis) [ffecit)]1969 coh(ortis) IHI c(enturia) Auruncul(e)i1970 coh(ortis) VIII c(enturia) Mi Tertulliani1972-3 c(enturia) Cl(audi) Prisci2001 coh(ortis) IHI [has]ta(ti) pos(terioris) [c(enturia) ?Mar]ciana2010 c(enturia) Romani2011 vexillatio leg(ionis) II Aug(mtae) refecit2012 leg(io) IIA ug(usta) fecit2013 c(enturia) lull Subsion(is)2014 coh(ors) IV Lin(gonum) f(ecit)2016 leg(ionis) II Aug(ustae) c(enturia) luli Tertullia(ni)2018 c(enturia) Cofnjsifdi lujncini2019 c(enturia) Treboni Nepoti(s)2021 [c(enturia)] C[l(audi)] Prisc[i]2022 capudpe[d(aturae)] civitat(is) Brig<ig>2023 coh(ortis) HIIpr(incipis) pos(terioris) c(enturia) Iul(i) Vitalis2027 leg(io) VI Vic(trix) P(ia) F(idelis) G[o]r(diana) r[e]f(ecit)2028 leg(ionis) XX Vic(tricis) coh(ors) I fecit2031 c(enturia) Vesn(i) Viator(is)2032 coh(ortis) IHI (centuria) h)asta(ti)2033 coh(ortis) I c(enturia) p(rimi) p(ili)2035 leg(ionis) XX Val(eriae) V(ictricis) [c]oh(ors) V2051 coh(ors) VII2052 coh(ortis) VIII2053 pedatura Vindomoruci2054 leg(ionis) II Aug(ustae) coh(ors) III2061 legio VI V(ictrix) P(ia) F(idelis) f(ecit)2075 .. .] leg(io) IIA ug(usta) [...] leg(io) VI V(ictrix) P(ia) F(idelis)2076 leg(ionis) VI V(ictricis) P(iae) F(idelis)..?.. coh(ortis)

VII c(enturia) ?2077 leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) c(o)hofrtis) I1II c(enturia)

Lib(urni) Fro(ntonis) c(enturia) Tere(nti) Mag(ni)2080 c(enturia) p(rimi) p(ili)2081 coh(ortis) VIII c(enturia) Caecili Cleme(ntis)2082 c(enturia) Octavi Sebani2083 coh(ortis) VIII c(enturia) Val(eri) Veri2085 [c(enturia) .. Ji Prisci2112 leg(io) VI Vi[c(trix)]2113 leg(io) VI Vi(ctrix)2114 leg(io) XX Vict(rix)2133 c(o)h(ors) VIII!2137 leg(io) II Aug(usta) fecit (cohortis) IV (centuria) Iu(H) Sa(...)2138 coh(ortis) VIII c(enturia) Sta(tili) Teles(phori)2156 c(o)hofrtis) VI c(enturia) Anto(ni) Arati2161 leg(io) VI Vic(trix) P(ia) F(idelis)2162 leg(io) VI2164 c(enturia) Gliconis Abrucius2171 vexillationes leg(ionis) IIA ug(ustae) et leg(ionis) XX

V(aleriae) V(ictricis) f(ecerunt) 2180 vex(illatio) leg(ionis) II [A u]g(ustae) 2 184 leg(io) XX V(aleria) V(ictrix) fec(it) m(ilia) p(assuum) III

p(edum) IlICCCIV 2203 leg(io) IIAug(usta) f(ecit) p(edum) HI! (milia) CXL2209 legfioj IIA ug(usta) fee (it)2210 [vex(illatio) leg(ionis)] XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) f(ecit)

(Table \V1)Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall Castlesteads Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall Stanvvix Stanwix Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall Drumburgh Drumburgh Drumburgh Drumburgh Bowness-on-Solway C Hadrian's Wall C

BBCC9

9

C9

9

CD CastlesteadsDC9

9

9

9

to

Stanwix

9

9

D C C D D D D C

Hadrian's Wall ?

Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall Birrens Birrens Birrens Inveresk Cramond Carriden Castlecary Croy Hill Croy Hill Croy Hill

Bar Hill Auchendavy

CE9

D D D C C C9

9

C9

CE C C D

BC B

Kirkintilloch CDuntocher BCAntonine Wall BCCamelon C

75

(Functional building inscriptions) JRSliii 1963 161:8a c(o)ho(rtis) III8b c(enturia) Reguli8c Petta c(enturia) Dida(e)9 c(enturia) Cassi Prisciliv 1964 178:5a coh(ortis) 11 c(enturia) OBC (or Olc...?) Libon(is)5b coh(ortis) I c(enturia) Val(eri) Sabini5c coh(ortis) III c(enturia) SocelliIvi 1966 219:3 GAAMIvii 1967 206:18 co[h(ortis)] V [.. .]AXN[...19 c(enturia) lull Valeni20 c(enturia) Eppi Con(....)Iviii 1968 208:8 c(enturia)? Refidi

(Table Wl)

H.W. (Willowford Bridge) H.W. (Willowford Bridge) H.W. (Willowford Bridge) Hadrian's Wall (Old Wall)

H.W. (Willowford Bridge) H.W. (Willowford Bridge) H.W. (Willowford Bridge)

Wroxeter

H.W. (Willowford Bridge) H.W. (Willowford Bridge) Hadrian's Wall (Birdoswald)

Chester

Britanniaii 1971 291-2:10 leg(io) VI Victrix Pia Fid(elis)\ 1 c(enturia) Gran(iani)13 c(enturia) Cand[i]d[i] Cres[ce]nt(is)iii 1972 354:12 coh(ortis) I c(enturia) Pom(pei) Rufiprin(cipis) primi13 Tirones Prob[ati] [...]m curaf.....iv 1974 462:7 .. JCREf....] c(enturia) Labrif....vii 1976 381:14 coh(ortis) III c(enturia) M(arci) Solli lulianiviii 1977429-33:13 c(enturia) luni Nepotis19 coh(ortis) [...] c(entitria) Pontf.....20 c(enturia) Camian[i]2 1 Cunaris23 leg(io) IIA(ugusta)24 leg(io) II32 leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) (centuria) Quintf...) fec(it)ix 1978 474-5:9 leg(ionis) VI V(ictricis) P(iae) F(idelis) vexillatiofec(it)10 A (phallus) OP11 PAO (symbol?)12 Via[...] CIMEDxii 1981 380:14 vex(il)la(tio) leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) fec(it)17 coh(ortis) V c(enturia) Val(eri) Rufini18 coh(ortis) VI c(enturia) Lousi Suavisxvii 1986 429/437:3 leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) c(o)ho(rtis) [...]

c(enturia) Cornell Crescfentis] 12 lul(ius) Victor

Hadrian's Wall (Coe Syke)Hadrian's Wall (Coe Syke)Hadrian's Wall (Birdoswald)

Hadrian's Wall Vindolanda

(Black Carts)

Hadrian's Wall (Black Carts)

Hadrian's Wall (Hare Hill)

CaerleonHadrian's Wall (Black Carts)HousesteadsHousesteadsVindolandaVindolandaNew Kilpatrick

Bewcastle Piercebridge Piercebridge Lanchester

VindolandaHadrian's Wall (Walltown)Hadrian's Wall (Greenhead)

Gloucester Carlisle

76

(Functional building inscriptions ) (Table Wl) Britanniaxviii 1987 368-9:9 c(o)h(ortis) I cl(assicae?) c(enturia) Augu(...) Hadrian's Wall (Hill Head)10 coh(ors) I Tu(ngrorum) Housesteads11 c(o)ho(rtis) V c(enturia) G(elli) P(h)ilippi Hadrian's Wall (Willowford)xxi 1990 365:4 Julius Birdoswaldxxii 1991 296-7:6 c(enturia) Cl(audi) Agisi Birdoswald7 c(enturia) Covef.... Birdoswald

77

Table Wl; Manufacturing inscriptions

Stamps on Ref. RIB II2402.12402.22402.32402.42402.52402.62402.72402.82402.9

2402.102402.112402.12 2403.1-22403.3

2403.4

2403.5

2403.62403.72403.8

Lead pigs2404.1

2404.2

2404.3

metal goods Text Item Location

2404.4

2404.5

ex -Chi-Rho- of(ficina) Civilis[ex offi(cina)] Curmissiex qff(icina) Curmissiex offe(cina) Honorini[....] Honor [ini]ex offi(cina) Isatis (with first s reversed)ex offi(cina) Isatis (with first s reversed)ex offi(cina) Isatis (with first s reversed)(ex) of(ficina) Leo(nis) Tr(everis)p(u)s(ulati) p(ondo) tmumex o[.]f(icina) Non(...) (Ns reversed)ex of(ficina) Patriotex offi(eina) Ulpian(i)lul(ius) Es(...)socio(rum) Romae (consistentium);Nat(...) Sol(...)(a) OI[.. JXXX1I - perhaps of(ficina) [...](b) of(f)i[cina......]II(c) Sacu(...)(d) illegible(a) Iuli(anus?)(b) L(ucius) Cus(...) Chr(...)Docni(a) LENABL

silver ingotsilver ingotsilver ingotsilver ingotsilver ingotsilver ingotsilver ingotsilver ingot

silver ingotsilver ingotsilver ingotsilver ingotcopper ingot

Balline, LimerickBallinrees LondonderryKentLondonBentley Priory, MiddlesexRichboroughBallineReculver

CanterburyBallineBallinreesCanterburyParys Mountain

copper ingot Aberffraw

copper ingot Llanlechid

copper ingot copper ingot copper ingot copper ingot

Llanystumdwy Llanystumdwy Penmorfa Llanfaethlu

(lead pigs)Ti(berius) Claud(ius) Caesar Aug(ustus) p(ontifex) m(aximus)tr(ibuniciae) p(otestatis) Vllll imp(erator) XVI de Britan(nicis) Wookey Hole

Face: Britannic[u]m Aug(usta) le(gio) II Front: V ETP V ETP C Blagdon

Face: Neronis Aug(usti) ex K(alendis) lan(uariis)llll co(n)s(ulis) Brit(annicum)Front: [e]x K(alendis) lul(iis) p(ontificis) m(aximi) co(n)s(ulis)Back: ex argent(anis) G(ai) N[i]pi Asca[ni] xxx

Face: Imp(eratoris) Vespasian(i) Aug(usti) Front: Brit(annicum) ex arg(entariis) Veb(...)

Face: Imp(eratoris) Vespasian(i) Aug(usti) Front: Brit(annicum) ex arg(entariis) Veb(...)

soc(iorum) No(vaec...) soc(iorum) No(vaec...) Back: VIII

Bossin^ton

Charterhouse on Mendip

Bitterne

2404.6 Face: Imp(eratoris) Vespasian(i) Aug(usti) Front: Brit(annicum) ex arg(entariis) Im[p(eratoris)] Back: IIVI soc(iorum) N(...) C soc(iorum) Novaec(...) Left end: [LR^JAD Bitterne

78

(Manufacturing inscriptions - lead pigs cont.)2404.7

2404.8

2404.9

2404.10

2404.11

2404.12

2404.13

2404.14

2404.15

2404.16

2404.17

2404.18

2404.19

2404.20

2404.21

2404.22

2404.23

Face: Imp(eratoris) Vespasian(i) Aug(usti) Front: Brit(annicum) ex farg(entariis) V]eb(...) Right end: LXV Ti(berius) Cl(audius) Trif(erna)

Face: Imp(eratoris) Vespasian(i) Aug(usti) Front: Brit(annicum) ex arg(entariis) Veb(...) Right end: LXXIIX LRAD

Face: Imp(eratoris) Vespasian(i) Aug(usti) LRA[D] Back: Brit(annicum) ex arg(entariis) Veb(...)

Ti(berius) Cl(audius) Trifer(na) Left end: LXIIX Right end: [Ti(berius) Cl(audius)] Trifer(na)

(Table Wl)

Green Ore, Somerset

Green Ore, Somerset

Green Ore, Somerset

Face: Imp(eratoris) Vespasian(i) Aug(usti)Front: Brit(annicum) [ex ajrg(entariis) Veb(...) Imp(eratoris)Back: Ti(berius) Cfl(audius) Trifer(na)] (twice)Left end: Ti(berius) C[l(audius) Trifer(na)] (twice)

Face: Imp(eratoris) Vespasiani Aug(usti)

Face: Imp(eratoris) Vespasiafni]

Face: Imp(eratoris) Vesp(asiani) Aug(usti) VIIIIBrit(annicum) ex ar(gentariis)

Front: soc(ietatis Nove[...J Left end: CPC (final letter reversed - stamped five times)

Face: Imp(eratoris) Hadriani Aug(usti)

Face: Imp(erator) Hadrianus Aug(ustus)

Face: Imp(eratoris) Caes(aris) Antonini Aug(usti)P[ii] p(atris) p(atriae)

Left end: palm branch Right end: symbol

Face: Imp(eratoris) Caes(aris) A[nto]nini Aug(usti) Pit p(atris) p(atriae)

Face: Imp(eratoris) Caes(aris) A[nto]nini Aug(usti) Pii p(atris) p(atriae)

Face: Imp(eratorum) duor(um) Aug(ustorum) Antonini et Veri Armeniacorum

Imp(eratorum) duor(um) Aug(ustorum) Antonini et Veri Armeniacorum

Face: [Imp(eratorum) duor(um) Aug(ustorum) AJntonini [et Veri Armeniajcorum

Green Ore, Somerset

Charterhouse

Charterhouse

Syde

Bath

Claverton Down, Avon

Charterhouse

Bristol

Bristol

Bruton

Wells

Charterhouse

Face: [Imp(eratorum) duo]r(um) A[u]g(ustorum) Afntoniniet Veri Ar]menia[corum] Charterhouse

Face: OB

79

(Manufacturing inscriptions - lead pigs cont.)

2401.24 Face: Neronis Aug(usti) Britan(nicum) l(egio) II

2404.25 [IJeg(io) IIA ug(usta)

2404.28 Face: Imp(eratoris) Hadriani Aug(usti) MINB (twice) Front: palm branch + symbol Back: palm branch

2404.29 Face: Imp(eratoris) Hadriani Aug(usti) Back: palm branch Right end: NSI

2404.30 Face: Imp(eratoris) Hadriani Aug(usti) Back: palm branch

2404.31-2 Face: Imp(eratore) Vesp(asiano) Aug(usto) VT(ito)imp(eratore) III [co(n)]s(ulibus)

Front: Deceangl(icum)

2404.33 Imp(eratore) Vesp(asiano) VII T(ito) imp(eratore) V co(n)s(ulibus)

2404.34 Face: Imp(eratore) Vesp(asiano) VII T(ito) imp(eratore) Vco(n)s(ulibus)

Front: Deceang[l(icum)]

2404.35 Face: Imp(eratore) Vesp(asiano) VII T(ito) imp(eratore) V co(n)s(ulibus)

2404.36 Face: Imp(eratoris) Domit(iani) Aug(usti) Ger(manici) Front: Deceang[l(icum)]

2404.37 Face: Caesarifs......]NI.VADON

2404.38 Face: G(ai) Nipi Ascani

2404.39 Face: Imp(eratoris) Caes(aris) Hadriani Aug(usti) met(alli) Lut(udarensis)

2404.40 Face: L(uci) Aruconi Verecundi metal(li) Lutud(arensis)

2404.41-5 Face: Ti(berii) Cl(audii) Trfifernae 7) Lut(udarense) Br(itannicum) ex arg(entariis)

2404.46-50 Face: G(ai) Iul(i) Proti Brit(annicum) Lutudarenseex arg(entariis) Derbyshire / Brough-on-Humber

2404.51 Face: P(ubli) Rubri Abascanti metalli Lutudare(n)s(is) Tansley Moor

2404.52 Face: ...] Br(itannicum) ex arg(entariis) Brough-on-Humber

2404.53-5 socior(um) L[ut(udaremium)] Br(itannicum) ex arg(entariis) Humberside

(Table Wl)

St. Valeiy sur Somme

Caerwent

Aston, Montgomeryshire

Snailbeach

Snead

Chester

Runcom

Hints Common

Hints Common

Runcorn

Chester

Carmel

Wirksworth, Derbs.

Matlock Bank

Matlock / Pulborough

80

(Manufacturing inscriptions - lead pigs cont.)CCX (210 Roman pounds)2404.56

2404.57-8

2404.59-60

2401.61-2

2404.63-4

2404.65

2404.66

2404.68

2404.69

2404.70

2404.71

2404.72a

2404.72b

Face: socior(um) Lfut(udarensium)J Br(itannicum) ex arg(entariis)

Face: sociorum Lutud(arensium) Front: Brit(annicum) ex arg(entariis)

(Table Wl)Carsington, Derbs.

Cave's Inn / Ellerker

Yeavley, Derbs.

Face: Imp(eratore) Caes(are) Domitiano Aug(usto) co(n)s(ule) VIIFront: [Bri]g(anticum) Heyshaw Moor, Yorks

Stamped with name of Trajan / Hadrian - now lost

Face: Imp(eratoris) Nervae Ca[es(aris)....

Face: Imp(eratoris) Caes(aris) Hadriani Aug(usti) Back: TM XX

A(ulus) Fl(avius) Vitalis

Face: p(ondo) CCLXX (librae)

On one side: CXII JXXXX

On base: CCX

Yorkshire

Richborough

Cheshunt, Herts.

Dalton Parlous Villa, Yorks

Kirkintilloch

Bertha, Tayside

Strageath, Tayside

Face: [Imp(eratoris) Caes(aris) L(ucii) Sept(imii) SeveriPertinacis] Aug(usti) Part(h)ici Adiabenici

Side: DL P L VICVC[...]VICVC

Side: LEG XX (twice) BFLIDOC (retro, twice) DOC (retrograde)

Sassenay, Bourgogne

Alouettes (Saone)

2405.1

2406.1-10

2407.1

2409.26

2413.1

2416.22416.4

2416.52416.7

(a) helmeted head stamped five times(b) D(ominorum) N(ostrorum) tin ingot

pewter ingots(a) Syagri(b) Spes in deo Chi-Rho(c) Suagrius(d) Alpha Chi-Rho OmegaTwo of the above stamps usually appear on each ingot

VHETB

Carnarvon, Cornwall

London

m(etalla) p(rovinciae) Br(itanniae) iron die

Helenus fecit

Cunitus Cl(audii) Er(...)(a) Cunobarrus [fecit vivas](b) Cunobarrus ffecit vivas](c) [Cunobarru]s fecit vivas

[Cunobarrus fecijt vivas (inverted) lead casket IHCCCIII lead brine pan [...]do fecit Felix [.....] lead casket

brass ingot Colchester

London

gold handle Cowe, Dumfries and Galloway

lead brine pan Henhull, Cheshire

Caistor, Lines. Northwich Cheshire Bishop Norton, Lines.

81

(Manufacturing inscriptions - stamps on metal goods) 2421.42 EECIT '(= fecit) 2421.46 Nonn(us) f(ecit) 2421.49 ROMV 2421.51 SIBANI

(Table Wl)

2426.3

2428.22428.32428.42428.5-82428.92428.102428.112428.122428.132428.142428. 1 52428.162428.172428.182428.19

2433.42433.52433.13

Cocillusffecit)

Aprilis f(ecit)Atticus(a) L(uci) G(...) R(...)Variations of: P(...) Basili (servus) f(ecit)Bonosfe(cit)Luccus f(ecit)MA or AMMartial(is)Mart(i)alis f(ecit)Olondusf(ecit)Reg(i)n(us) f(ecit)Titulim(anu)K/cfor V(iennae) f(ecit)

[...]RITIAT[...]

DubnusGerma[nus....par Antiphaneos (Greek characters)

bronze broochbronze broochbronze broochbronze brooch

bronze shield boss

iron chiseliron mattockiron axe

cit) iron knivesiron stilusiron knife

iron quarry wedgeiron chiseliron chiseliron knifeiron stilusiron awliron bladeiron mattockiron blade

bronze plate+hingebronze knifebronze strigil

WroxeterMaidstonePiddington,St. AlbansLondon

LondonNewsteadNewsteadLondonLondonLondonCorbridgeLondonLondonLondonLondonLondonCatterickNewsteadVindolanda

CatterickLondonCanterbury

2434.1-3 Imp(eratore) Vesp(asiano)] Vllll T(ito) Imp(eratore) VII co(n)s(ulibus) Gn(aeo) lulio Agricola leg(ato) Aug(usti) pr(o) pr(aetore)

2434.5 L(ucius) D(...) A(...)lead water pipes Chester lead water pipe Bath

Makers' marks on wood and leather2409.17 2409.23 2409.34 2442.1-29

2445.32445.4-52445.6

2445.7-82445.92445.102445.132445.142445.16

2445.17

CVC branding iron for wood? London MM A branding iron London 5 / branding iron Wansford Various marks stamped / branded on wooden barrels - most were probably applied in the country of origin rather than in Britain

Gfaius) R(...) A(...)Gelli o(fficina)L(ucius) (lunette) Aeb(utius) ThalesT(iti)f(ilius)Liber C[...f(ilius)]QFIMCV ESV ORM (cruciform stamp)Q(uintus) O(...) A(...)

Victofr](a) [...]ONI(b) .A.TONI(c) [...]TONI [...]BMVBSN.O

leather offcut Carlisle leather fragment Caernarvon

leather sole leather offcuts sandal/slipper slipper sole leather offcut tent fragment?

tent fragment? child's sandal

VindolandaLondonYorkBar HillLondonPapcastle

York London

82

(Manufacturing inscriptions) Stamps on fired clay2409.22 Matugenus fecit clay mortarium die2409.24 Face: Mogunti o(fficina)?

Sides: c(a)elavi Val(erius)Valentinus clay die

2409.25 Mossiu(s) clay mortarium die 2409.31 Satu(rninus) clay mortarium die 2409.37 [...]siu(s)Vo(...)f(ecit) clay mortarium die

(Table Wl)

Brockley Hill

Malton Hartshill Corbridge Mancetter

For other potters who stamped mortaria found in Britain see table W7 (Vol. I)

2458.1 Leg(io) IIAug(usta)2458.2-10 Leg(io)XX2459.1-72 Leg(io) II Aug(usta) + variations2460.1-94 Le(gio) VI + variations2462.1-16 Leg(io) IX Hisp(ana) + variations2563.1-64 Leg(io) XX Vfaleria) V(ictrix) + variations2464 AI(a) IA(sturum)2465.1-2 Al(a)e Sebusi[a(nae)]2466 C(o)h(ors) 1 Aq(wtanorum)2467.1 -2 Coh(ors) II Asturu(m)2468 C(ohors) I B(aetasiorum)2469 C(ohors) III Br(acaraugustanorum) 2470.1 -3 Coh(ors) IIII Bre(ucorum) 2471.1-2 C(ohors) I C(...) F(...) 2472.1 -2 C(ohors) IIII [Gallorum] 2473.1-9 Coh(ors) VG(allorum)2474 Coh(ors) I Hispa(norum) Indutius fec(it)2475 Coh(ors) II Ling(onum)2476.1 -2 Coh(ors) IIII L(ingonum)2477 Coh(ors) I Tun[(grorum)]2478-80 stamps of unidentified units2481.1 -119 Cl(assis) Br(itannica) various types2482.1-5 Ner(o) Cl(audius) Cae(sar) Aug(ustus)

G(e)r(manicus) 2483 Imp(eratoris) 2485.1-10 P(rocuratores) P(rovinciae) Bri(tanniae)

Lon(dini) 2486.1-42 R(es) P(ublica) G(levensium)2487.1 R(es) P(ublica) G(levensium)

(duo)vi[r] forum) Perp(etui) et Aprilis2487.2 R(es) P(ublica) G(levensium)

(duo)vir(orum) Optati et Saturnini2487.3 R(es) P(ublica) G(levensium)

(duo)v(i)r(i) P(ubli) Ae(li) Finiti2487.4 R(es) P(ublica) G(levensium)

(duovirorum) V(...) M(...) et P(...) G(...)2487.5 [R(es)J P(ublica) G(levensium)

(duo)vir(orum) [...]ior(um) S(...) et V(...)2487.6 D(ecimi) Senni Vfi)t(alis) G(ai) [VJaleri

An(...) R(ei) P(ublicae) G(levensium)2487.7 [R(es)J P(ublica) G(levensium)

[(duo)]vir(orum) T(...) etG(...)2487.8 Rfes) P(ublica) G(levensium)

(duovirorum) L(...) et A(...)2487.9 Rfes) P(ublica) G(levensium)

(duo)vi[r(orum)....] et

terra cotta antefixclay antefixes

tile stamps tile stamps tile stamps tilestamps tile stamps tile stamps tile stamps tile stamps tile stamps tile stamps tile stamps tile stamps tile stamps tile stamps tile stamp tile stamp tile stamps tile stamp

tile stamps

tile stamps tile stamps

tile stamps tile stamps

tile stamps

tile stamps

tile stamps

tile stamps

tile stamps

tile stamps

tile stamps

tile stamps

tile stamp

Caerleon Holt / Chester various locations various locations varies locations various locations Benwell / Wallsend LancasterBrabcaster, Norfolk Great Chesters Reculver Manchester Manchester / Slack Caersws Templeborough South Shields Maryport Ilkley Wallsend H.W. Hare Hill

Dover / South East

Silchester / Hampshire Carlisle / Housesteads

London Gloucester

Gloucester

Gloucester

Gloucester

Gloucester

Gloucester

Gloucester

Gloucester

Gloucester

Gloucester

83

(Manufacturing2487.10

2487.11-222488.1

2488.2

2488.3

2488.4

2489.12489.2-32489.42489.52489.62489.72489.82489.92489.102489.112489.122489.13

2489.14

2489.152489.162489.172489.182489.192489.202489.212489.222489.232489.242489.252489.262489.272489.282489.292489.302489.312489.322489.332489.342489.352489.362489.372489.38

2489.392489.402489.412489.422489.432489.44

inscriptions - stamps on fired clay) (Table Wl)R(es) P(ublica) G(levensium) [...]ATTO tile stamp GloucesterRPG stamps partially preserved tile stamps GloucesterR(es) P(ublica) G(levensium) q(uin)q(ennalium)M(i) Flor(...) etCor(neli) S(i)m(...) tile stamps Gloucester[R(es) P(ublica) G(levensium)] q(uin)q(ennalium)Se[.. ,][...] et Vari Van(...) tile stamps GloucesterR(es) P(ublica) G(levensium) q(uin)q(ennalium)C(...) et M(...) tile stamps Gloucesterq(uin)q(ennalium) C(...) et M(...)R(ei) P(ublicae) G(levensium) tile stamp GloucesterABOACI private tilemaker's stamp Chester-le-StreetAGRIPA private tilemaker's stamp YorkARVERI private tilemaker's stamp GloucestershireAV private tilemaker's stamp YorkAve Domina private tilemaker's stamp HoltAVIENV[S] private tilemaker's stamp Stanton Low, Bucks.BA private tilemaker's stamp Hamstead Marshal, Berks.C.[.... private tilemaker's stamp LincolnCEM[...J private tilemaker's stamp Brough-on-NoeCSE private tilemaker's stamp Farningham, KentG(ai) Vib(i) Exo(rati) private tilemaker's stamp LincolnD(ecimi) M(...) VAL(...)D(ecimi) M(...) P(...) (figlinae) tecul(arinae) private tilemaker's stamp LondonEQS (s reversed)^- Eq(ites) s(ingulares?) private tilemaker's stamp LondonGIV private tilemaker's stamp LincolnIO palm branch private tilemaker's stamp LondonIVC private tilemaker's stamp Maltonluc(undus) Digni private tilemaker's stamp Wilts. / Hants.L(uci) !(...) Veri private tilemaker's stamp LondonL(ucius) C(ornelius?) H(ilarus?) private tilemaker's stamp WroxeterLHS private tilemaker's stamp Cirencester areaLLH private tilemaker's stamp GloucesterLLQ private tilemaker's stamp LydneyLLS private tilemaker's stamp ColchesterLVA private tilemaker's stamp ColchesterLVLA / LVLD / LVLE / LVLF private tilemaker's stamps LincolnM private tilemaker's stamp Park Street, Herts.MCV private tilemaker's stamp Somerset / DorchesterMM private tilemaker's stamp Aldborough, Yorks.MPP private tilemaker's stamp BinchesterMVCOA private tilemaker's stamp YorkNVND private tilemaker's stamp DorchesterPATENDIN(I) private tilemaker's stamp Titsey, SurreyPIP private tilemaker's stamp LondonPNA private tilemaker's stamp Canterbury / LympnePS private tilemaker's stamp Wall, Staffs.SCM private tilemaker's stamp London(a) [...]ILVI[...J(b) SILVIVSMA private tilemaker's stamp RichboroughTCD private tilemaker's stamp Alcester, Warwicks.TCM series private tilemaker's stamp Warwicks. / Glos.TCMF private tilemaker's stamp CirencesterTIFR private tilemaker's stamp HampshireTITVS[...J private tilemaker's stamp YorkTPF series private tilemaker's stamp Cirencester

84

(Manufacturing2489.452489.462489.472489.482489.492489.502489.512489.522489.532489.542489.552489.562489.572489.592489.602489.612489.622489.632489.642489.652489.662489.672489.682490.12490.22490.32490.42490.52490.6

inscriptions - stamps on fired clay) (Table Wl)TPFA series private tilemaker's stamp Wilts. /Glos.TPFB private tilemaker's stamp Glos. / Wilts.TPFC private tilemaker's stamp Glos. / Wilts.TPFP private tilemaker's stamp Glos.TPLF private tilemaker's stamp Glos.VC private tilemaker's stamp Linney, DyfedVIA private tilemaker's stamp Glos.VLP1VM private tilemaker's stamp Cricklade, Wilts.X private tilemaker's stamp Wanborough, Wilts.DCLVl private tilemaker's stamp Glos.[. ]E private tilemaker's stamp Brough-on-Noe[...Jfec(it) private tilemaker's stamp Lancaster[ ]G private tilemaker's stamp Pevensey[...]IMV private tilemaker's stamp Housesteads[...]IMV[...] private tilemaker's stamp Frocester, Glos.[...]usf(ecit)7 private tilemaker's stamp Wotton-under-Edge, Glos.[...] L E private tilemaker's stamp CambridgeshireM[...J private tilemaker's stamp Caistor St. Edmund[...]NCA[...] private tilemaker's stamp Stanton Low, Bucks.[...]NDVS[.,.] private tilemaker's stamp Kenilworth[...]RNI (n reversed) private tilemaker's stamp Alcester, Warwicks.[...]RTOR[...] Artorius/Sertorius? private tilemaker's stamp Newstead[.] [VALEJR(IVS)? TVSCVS private tilemaker's stamp CaerleonG(ai) !(...) S(...) V(...) fe(cit) on relief patterned tiles Surrey / EssexE (a recut of die used for 2490. 1 ) on relief patterned tiles Cobham / LeicesterPXPX on relief patterned tiles LondonTIo on relief patterned tiles various locationsC VV VI on relief patterned tiles Kent / London(tubum) parietalem (inverted+retro)Cabriabanu(s) farbicavi on relief patterned tiles Kent /London

Production marks written by hand2403.72403.92403.102403.112404.262404.272414.92414.102433.192434.4

2442.222442.23b2442.262457.2

2457.32491.12491.2

2491.32491.42491.5

(b) V (on rim inverted to (a)) copper ingot Penmorfa(a) ME (b) HI copper ingot Llanlechid(a) Mil (b) .ME copper ingot Llandrillo-yn-Rhos(a) E (b) MA copper ingot Llandrillo-yn-RhosUS- (2 '/: librae 1 undo) lead pig Caerwent75= (I '/: librae 2 unciae) lead pig CaerwentI p(ondo) H s(emis) Il(unciae) silver bowl MildenhallI (libra) XI (unciae)? silver bowl MildenhallG(aio) Cu(...) Valeno bronze try and mitre square Canterbury(a) PRIVIS(b) ATICVRTO (inverted) lead water pipe ChesterSVALINOS barrel stave SilchesterXIV barrel stave LondonVERCTISSAE seven barrel staves Silchester(a) Covetina(e) A(u)gusta(e)(b) votu(m) manibus suis(c) Saturninus(c) fecit Gabinius incense-burner CarrawburghGabin(i)us Felicis Saturni(nus) (on 9 panels) incense burner Carrawburghfecit tubu(m) Clementinus (cursive) brick Silchesterpi[lares] XX cuniati HII tubi n(umero)DLX (cursive) brick WiggonholtPrimus fecit LX box flue-tile Leicester[...JXXfeci tegula Tomen-y-Mur[...]s fecit 1 [...]rionus tegula Silchester

85

2491.82491.92491.10

249 1.112491.12

2491.132491.14

2491.15 249 1 . 1 6-49

2491.50-66

2491.67-77

2491.78

tegula tegula brick? / wall tile?

tegula tegula

tegula floor tile

brick tegula

(Manufacturing inscriptions - production marks written by hand)2491.6 tubi box flue-tile2491.7 (a) [...]CE[...] [...]OFELI[...]GE[...]

(b) COPQC or COPOC L(c) tegla[...] [t]egl(am?)feci[t]AD[... ] IdusMias [...](a) [....]m(anu?)(b) [iv. in or pr(idie) NJonas Aug(ustas)[...]XXVpri(die) Idus A ug(ustas)(a) AVG(or L)V[...](b) ALG[...][...] Ka(lendas) S[ept(embres)](ante diem) vi K(alendas) Octo[b(res)...?]manu ICCX[... (ante) Kal(endas)] Dfec(embres)]??Numerals scored on flat surface of tiles,classified as 'batch numbers'.Numerals cut on the edge of tiles (therefore visiblewhen stacked), classified as 'tally marks'.Patterns made with a finger near the edge of a tile's surface,classified as the non-epigraphic signature of the tiler.column 1: C(...) I1II Matutini Cogitati VirilisFlorentini dementis Marini Bellici luventianusCupiti -noven[d]i? Solini Senifcjiani [...]column 2: V Vincent i Cunovendi CatugnaviCarini Marini Lucilliani Senicianii Vitalia[ni]

2491.792491.802491.812491.822491.832491.842491.85

2491.862491.872491.882491.892491.902491.912491.922491.932491.942491.952491.96

2491.972491.992491.1002491.101

(Table Wl)Bamsley Park, Glos.

South ShieldsHolt?Cirencester

London Caerleon

Holt Gorhambury, Herts.

Silchester Farningham, Kent.

various locations

various locations

various locations

column 3: C(...) II Constant is Titiani Karinius column 4: C(...) IllIuvena[lis] Karinii Vitalis (graffito in NRC) brick ATTI[...]FED [...] tegula Bellicianus (four times) brick Birginus (for Briginus) tegula [Bo]duacu[s] [Po]titus 9 tile Calvisius Ruso (cursive) pila brick Calv(us) ffecit) box flue-tile

[...]R(orB)VS MCAR[...] N[...]CECocceius Verus AG[...]M? (cursive)COM[...]Copa c(enturia) UrfiDatius II

DIA(orM)Fata[lis^] (cursive)Fidelfis]lulius Aventinus mills co(ho)rtis p[r]ima(e)Sunicor(um)[lajnuarius (cursive)[...] luniufs]?lusftusj or lusftinusjLibefr..?] LVI[..?](interlineated) ium illi VSLatinianus Litfojrianus Litorius

BinchesterFarningham, KentCaerwentSilchesterLondonSouth ShieldsWesthampnett, W. Sussex

tegulategulategulategulategulabricktegulafloor tilebricktegulategula

tegulabrickfragment?tegula

South ShieldsWroxeterCaerleonHoltCaerleonHousesteadsHarpsden, OxfordshireGorhambury, Herts.HoltWroxeterChester

HoltGreerwell, Lines.GodmanchesterColeshill, Warwicks.

tegula Caves Inn, Warwicks.

86

(Manufacturing inscriptions - production marks written by hand)2491.102 LCC (and_LLCQ bricks2491.103 leg(io) X[X V(aleria) V(ictrix)] tegula2491.104 [leg(io)] XX V(aleria) V(ictrix) tegula2491.105

LCC (and LLCC)leg(io) X[X V(aleria) V(ictrix)][leg(io)] XX V(aleria) V(ictrix)(a) Litugenus Maccus......(b) smaller capitals undeciphered(c) tvyo lines of cursive undeciphered

2491.106 Lucius [Sepjtimius [...] (cursive)2491.107 Mefrcajtor? [...]2491.108 (a) Messius[....?]Sevirufs...?]

(b) .OC..[...]2491.109 Minic(i)i2491.110 [I]ngen[uus] for sim 1 iar)2491.111 OTTO[...]COM[...]2491.112 Philod[espo]tus (three times)2491.113 PII2491.114 Po(l)io col(l)egiofelic(i)ter2491.115 Primufs]2491.116 Quintus Avifdius ?] Amabilis

Afuljus? AntifstiusJ [...]?2491.117 Sabinus? Sever<er>inus? [....]s

(cursive graffito imperfectly copied - lost)2491.118 Sedfatus?]2491.119 [...] Seneca2491.120 Senovfarus] (cursive)2491.121 Silurffecit)2491.122 [...JSirica? viduafm] puellam (cursive)2491.123 Targarus 72491.124 Tauri (+drawing of charging bull)2491.125 [TJertiolufsJ [? V]enedus [...]2491.126 TFP (cursive)2491.127 Ti(berius?) Primus2491.128 [...]DIVS2491.129 [...]ician[o] P[r]im[o] [...]ellia[n]o [qui...]

facimus [salutejm?2491.130 (a) [...J1INVS

(b) [Sedjatus?2491.131 [...JMARI2491.132 [...]MVR..[...] [...]VS [A(ov M)VRRIT

(cursive)2491.133 [Viet]'oris 72491.134 [.. Jrinus [.. Jtalis 2491.159 satis

2495.1 Sennianus Durobrivis VRI. [...] (dipinto)2496.1 Beliatus2496.2 (centuriae) lusti Superi2496.3 f.JA VIIS or [pe]lv<e>is?? contubernio

Messoris2496.4 Tamesubugus fecit2496.5 Tauri HI2496.6 Valirius Mar(t)ial(i)s2496.7 [...JAIAPNFAC2496.8 [...JLAOFACf...]2496.9 VII2496.10 X2496.11 (a) [...]ANDISIG[...]

(b) [...].

brick (lost)tegulategula

tegulabrickwall tiletegulabricktegulategulafragment?

(Table Wl)Bignor, West SussexChesterHolt

Great Chesterford, Essex Beauport Park, East Sussex Holt

Camelon, StirlingshireCanterburyLeicesterYorkSlackHamstead Marshal, BerksYorkColchester

box flue-tile Oakenholt, Clwd

tegulafragment?bricktegulabrickfragment?pila brickvoussoir box-tiletegulabox flue-tilebrickimbrex

tegula

tegula tegula

fragments? fragment? tegula brick

ReculverAmersham, Bucks.RichboroughCaves Inn, Warwicks.Witcombe, Glos.CaerleonCadder, Lamarks.DoverGt. Chesterford, EssexWesthampnett, W. SussexHadrian's WallCaves Inn

Wymbush, Bucks.

Holt Silchester

Canterbury Havant, Hants? Chester Silchester

mortarium spout Chesterton mortarium rim Wanborough, Wilts, mortarium rim Colchester

mortarium waster mortarium sherd mortarium flange mortarium rim mortarium sherd mortarium sherd mortarium sherd mortarium sherd

UskOxfordWilderspoolCaerleonCirencesterChesterUskUsk

mortarium frags. Thirst House Cave, Derbs

87

(Manufacturing inscriptions - production marks written by hand) (Table Wl)(coarseware fragments - b b = black burnished; c c = colour coated)

2502.9 ALLETIO2502.10 ANCARII or MICAR1I2502.11 IXI2502.12 [...]? Latin(us]?2502.13 Livii Livii (second graffito retrograde)2502.14 Macrinu(s) (in neo-Punic script)2502.15 [...JMarini2502.16 Marti [Lasjcivi?2502.17 Merc[urii] or Mercfurialis]2502.18 Metria2502.19 (a) A (b) PO[...] [...]2502.20 (a) PVECAM? (b) [...]

(c) [...JVENV? (all cursive)2502.21 SETMAPEMf...]2502.22 Severiani (cursive)2502.23 [Tjacitus Primus [....]2502.24 Veri2502.25 [...] Victoris [...] (cursive)2502.26 Vitalis2502.27 Vitalus Vi[...]

grey urn Corbridge dish Caersws, Powys small grey jar Winchester large grey jar Doncaster vessel with spout Cirencester flanged dish Holt storage jar Colchester storage jar Colchester buff jar York black cooking pot Cliffe, Kentstorage jar

grey jar storage jar b b dish b bjar grey jarjugc c beakerfrag.

Wroxeter

Sutton Courtenay Wroxeter Caerleon Dorchester Mucking, Essex South Shields Rushden Northants Wilderspool

Miscellaneous dies, marks and references to manufacturing2409.12409.22409.32409.4

Bou[... retro.Catiae Mari(ae) incised retro.after firingc(enturia) A(or M)...ELIA.. VILINIc(enturia) Cl(audi) Aug(ustani) Vic(toris?)retro.

2409.5 c(entuha) lul(i) Subseq(entis) lul(i) Maxim(i) retro.

2409.6 c(enturia) Mali(i) Crassi Lucilius Sabinianus retro.

2409.7 c(enturia) Quintim Aquilae retro.2409.8 Cresf...] retro. - cut cold2409.9 c(enturia) Vareni Proc(u)leiani retro.2409.10 c(enturia) Vibi Seve(ri) Cor(neli) Audac(is)

retro.2409.11 c(enturia) Vibi Seve(ri) Sen(ti) Paullin(i)

retro.2409.12 ELEPAV retro.

2409.13 G(ai) Maxi(mi) retro.2409.14 G(ai) Pal(...) Gracilis retro.2409.15 G(aius) P(...) Ursio2409.16 G(ai) Statili Lauri retro.2409.17 CVC retro.2409.18 [...]ID retro.2409.19 (a) Invictus Sol retro. + bust of Sol radiate

(b) Roma seated(c) Sol in quadriga(d) Clasped hands(e) Hunting scene(f) Mars with eagle

2409.20 luli Victoris retro.2409.21 [...]M[...J2409.23 MM A retro.2409.27 P(ubli) Anc(...) Sedati retro.

clay die clay die clay die

lead die

lead die

clay die lead die lead die clay die

Benwell Brockley Hill Holt

Chester

Caerleon

Chester Caerleon Chester Holt

lead die

lead die bronze die

clay die limestone die bronze die bronze die branding iron green slate die

Caerleon

Caerleon Oxfordshire

Wingham, KentLeicesterHampshireYorkshireLondonColchester

bronze cuboid stamp

pottery die oak die branding iron steatite tablet

Kingscote, Glos.HoltLondonLondonCaistor St. Edmund

88

(Manufacturing inscriptions - miscellaneous dies, marks and references to manufacturing)(Table Wl)

2409.28 P(ublius) Cl(audius) Pr(imus)? green slate die Colchester 2409.30 P(ubli) f(lavi) Hygini retro. bronze die Colchester2409.32 Secundini ortho. bronze die London2409.33 Ser(vi) Sulpici Abascanti retro. bronze die Broad Hinton, Wilts.2409.34 57 retro. branding iron Wansford, Northants.2409.35 Tertulli Provincial is) retro. bronze die Cramond2409.36 Tulliae Tacitae retro. bronze die Carrington, Midlothian

2443.16 [ ][ ] re vendidisse [...] ex taberna sua [...] [...]..navemfaciendam etpermissionem dedisse [...] clavifaciendi [... stilus tablet London

Tabulae Vindolandenses II182 line 14 Atrectus cervesarfiusj leaf tablet Vindolanda 343 lines 15-16,24-5,39-41

....coria que scribis esse Cataractonio...scito mae explesse... coria CLXX..........Frontinum lulium audio magno licerepro coriatione quern hie comparavit leaf tablet Vindolanda

89

Table Wl; Trade and Commerce

Ref. Text RIB I110

Item

678

687

Philus Cassavi fili(us) civis Sequ(anus) ann(orum) XXXXVh(ic) s(itits) e(st) tombstone

M(arcus) Verec(undus) Diogenes sevir col(oniae) Ebor(acensis)idemq(ue) Mor(inorum)[e]t cives Biturix Cubushaec sibi vivus fecit tombstone

M(iae) Fortunate domo Sardinia Verec(undio) Diogeni fida coniuncta marito tombstone

1065 D(is) M(anibus) Regina liberta et coniuge Barates Palmyrenusnatione Catvallauna an(norum) XXX. tombstone

1171 [D(is)] M(anibus) [. .jrathes Palmorenus vexil(l)a(rius) vixit an(n)os LXVlll tombstone

Location

Cirencester

York

York

South Shields

Corbridge

2059 [Matribus deabus aedjem [Antjonianus dedico [se]d date utfetura quaestus suppleat votisfidem aureis sacrabo carmen max viritim litteris

RIB II2411.243-310

Lead sealings, some of which bear letters which perhaps indicate tria nomina of private individuals, others may bear abbreviations

religious dedication

Bowness-on- So Iway

2446.1

2446.2

2446.3

of military rank.

lull Alex(a)ndri diamy(sus) ad asp(ritudines)

(a) G(ai) Val(erii) Amandi dioxum ad reumatic(a)(b) G(ai) Val(erii) Amandi stactum ad cal(iginem)(c) G(ai) Val(erii) Valentini diaglauc(ium) post

imp(etum) lip(pitudinis)(d) G(ai) Val(erii) Valentini mixtum ad

cl(aritatem) Graffiti added , two on each face:

(e) near (a) DIOX(f) near (b) STAG(g) near (c) DIAGLAVC (h) near (d) M1XT

(a) T(iti) Vindac(i) Ar[i]ovisti nard(inum)(b) T(iti) Vindac(i) Ariovisti chloron(c) T(iti) Vindac(i) Ariovisti anicet(um)(d) T(iti) Vindac(i) Ariovisti t(u)rin(u)m

Two graffiti:(a) on upper face, retro. - SENIOR(b) on lower face, retro. - SENI

various locations

oculist's stamp York

oculist's stamp Biggleswade

oculist's stamp Kenchester

2446.4 (a) Attici collyr(ium) turinum ad omnes dolores ex ovof(acit)

(b) Attici lene ad omnes dolores post impetum lippitu(dinis)

(c) Attici diaglaucaeum ad omnes dolores f(acit)(d) Attici collyr(ium) melinum adaspritudines f(acit) oculist's stamp Cirencester

90

(Trade and Commerce)2446.5 P(ubli) Clodi or P(ubli) Clodi(ani)

2446.6 collyr(ium) P(ubli) Clod(i) or Clod(iani)

2446.7 on one edge: M(arci) Vitel(li) Cres(centis)stact(um) ad clar(itatem)

graffito on upper face: SOLI graffito on lower face: . VA[...] or [...]VA.

2446.8 (a) L(uci) Ulp(i) Decimin(i) penicil(lum) le(ne)(b) L(uci) Ulp(i) Decimini dialepidos crocod(es)

[a]d omnia vitia(c) unfinished: L(uci) Ulp(i) Dec(imini)

2446.9 (a) lul(i) lucundi col(lyrium) stactu(m)(b) M(i) lucundi col(l)y(rium) melinu(m)(c) Iul(i) lucundi collyr(ium) pen(i)c(illo)

2446.10 (a) T(...) luniani th[a]la[s](s)er(os) ad claritatem(b) T(...) luniani phoebum ad quaecumq(ue) delicta

a medicis(c) T(...) luniani dioxum ad vfeteres cicatricjes(d) T(...) luniani c(h)r(y)soma(e)lin(u)m

ad claritatem

2446.11 (a) L(uci) Iul(i) Iu(v)enis d[iapsor(icum) op]obalsamatu[m ad clar(itatem)]

(b) [L(uci) Iul(i) luvenis dijasmyrnes bis {post lippitu(dinis) ijmpetu(m) ex ovo

(c) roughly incised retro:Fl(avi) Secundi at albas (cicatrices)

2446.12 (a) L(uci) Val(erii) Latini euodes ad cicatrices etaspritudin(em)

(b) L(uci) Val(erii) Latini apalocrocodes ad diathesis

2446.13 (a) Fl(avi) Litugeni diapsori(cum) ad clar(itatem) (b) graffito on upper face: S

2446.14 (a) Q(...) Lucill(i)anu[s] (b) penecil(lum) ad [...]

2446.15 (a) Martial(is) croc(odes) (b) MAR1IAIAM

2446.16 (a) Q(uinti) Iul(i) Martini stactum(b) Q(uinti) Iul(i) Martin(i) diapso[ricum](c) Q(uinti) Iul(i) Marti(ni) penicilli(d) Q(uinti) lul(i) Martin(i) croc(odes)

ad aspri(tudinem)

2446.17 Mauri collyruum

2446.18 Tib (eri) Cl(audi) M(...) dialiba(num) ad omne vit(ium) o(culorum) ex o(vo)

oculist's stamp

oculist's stamp

(Table Wl)Watercrook

No prov.

oculist's stamp No prov.

oculist's stamp Colchester?

oculist's stamp Lydney Park

oculist's stamp Bath

oculist's stamp St. Albans

oculist's stamp Tranent

oculist's stamp Near Bath

oculist's stamp Wroxeter

oculist's stamp Colchester

oculist's stamp

oculist's stamp

Chester

Shakenoak

oculist's stamp Wroxeter

91

(Trade and Commerce) (Table Wl)2446.19 (a) Minervalis dealebanwn ad inpet(um) lipp(itudinis)

ex ov(o) (b)) Minervalis melinu(m) [a]d omnefm] d[o]lorem oculist's stamp Cirencester

2446.20 (a) Q(uinti) Iul(i) Murrani melinum ad claritates(b) Q(uinti) Iul(i) Murrani stactum opobalsamat(um)

adca[l(iginem)?] oculist's stamp Colchester

2446.21 (a) Aur(eli) Polychroni diadyolithon post (impetum lippitudinis)

(b) Polychron(i) dialepido(s)(c) Aur(eli) Polychroni cycnum at inpet(um)(d) Polychroni diacholes oculist's stamp Kenchester

2446.22 (a) L(uci) Iul(i) Salutaris penicillumad lippitud(inem)

(b) Marini caes(arianum) oculist's stamp Cambridge

2446.23 (a) M(arci) lul(i) Satyripenicil(lum) lene ex ovo(b) M(arci) Iul(i) Satyri dialepidos ad aspr(itudines)(c) M(arci) Iul(i) Satyri dialibanu(m)

adsuppurat(ionem) oculist's stamp No prov.

2446.24 P(ubli) Anic(ii) Sedati[...] oculist's stamp Caistor St. Edmund

2446.25 L(uci) Iul(i) Senis crocod(es) ad aspr(itudines)impressed on two cups and a plate oculist's stamp London/Caerleon

2446.26 (a) G(ai) Iun(i) Tertulli dialepid(os) ad aspr(itudines)et c(icatrices)

(b) G(ai) Iun(i) Tertull(i) diamisus adcic(atrices) oculist's stamp Harrold, Beds.

2446.27 (a) G(ai) Silvfi Tetjrici diamisus ad diathes(es) et cicat(rices)

(b) G(ai) Silvi Tetrici penicill(um) ad impet(um) lippitudin(is)(c) Gfai) Silvi Tetrici euodes ad aspritudines(d) Gfai) Silvi Tetrici biprosopum ad imfpetum

lippitudinis?] oculist's stamp London

2446.28 M(arci) luvent(i) Tutiani diamysus ad vet(eres)cic(atrices) oculist's stamp Co Tipperary

2446.29 (a) LAIlLI(Ls inverted) stact(um) ad clari(tatem)(b) sta(c)tus(c) [...]B dia(p)soricu(m) oculist's stamp Littleborough, Notts.

2446.30 [...] ex(...) cro(codes) [...adc]l(aros) oculos oculist's stamp Dorchester

2446.31 [... penic]il(lum) le(ne) adinpet(um) [lippitudinis?] oculist's stamp Whinon, Suffolk

2494.1-2 Indications of age? graffiti after firing on amphorae various locations2494.3-88 Numerals indicating capacity graffiti after firing on amphorae various locations2494.89-90 Numerals indicating weight? graffiti after firing on amphorae various locations2494.91 [...]ni (sestertii) v s(emis) graffito after firing on amphora Colchester2494.92 AQ[-] perhaps aq[ua] graffito after firing on amphora Strathclyde2494.93 m(odii) vii s(emis) vini graffito after firing on amphora London

92

(Trade and Commerce) (Table Wl)2494.94 Greek inscription - wine flavoured

with horehound (beneficial for chest complaints) graffito after firing on amphora Carpow

2494.95 vin(um) graffito after firing on amphora Newstead

Tabulae Vindolandenses II:m' / m2 - used to distinguish different hands in text {{abc}} - letters crossed out by scribe Aabc* - letters added by scribe above the line [...]- lacuna (i) (ii) - columns

180 ratio frumenti emfensi ex quo] (account of wheat supplied to close associates -ipse dedi in cupam [...] TV11 344, the draft petition, is written on back in same hand) mihi adpanem [..] Macrino m(odii) vii Felicia Victori iussu Spectati

comodati m(odii) xxvi infollibus tribus patri m(odii) xix Macrino m(odii) xiii bubulcaris in silvam m(odii) viii item Amabili adfanum m(odii) Hi 10 [...] Idus Septem(bres) Crescent i

iussu .[.]..i m(odii) Hi item .[......]e[.......]..Macr[...].. us[...] m(odii) xv item ma.[......] m(odii) f.Jiiipatri ad [......].as m(odii) iivi Kal(endas) [O]ctobr[es]Lu[..].[.. benjeficiarfioj m(odii) viFelicia Victori m(odii) xvad tunas tibi m(odii) ii 20Crescenti m(odii) ixmilitibus legionaribus

iussu Firmi m(odii) xi[.. Candida m(odii) [..

tibi infolle br.gese [.. tibi [.. Lucconi ad pore os [.. Primo Luci [.. tibi [..Lucconi in ussus suos [.. 30 item f.Juos m[.]..i.[..

in [.]votur[.]. patri [a]d i[uv]encos [.. item inter metrum [.. libr.s xv redd, librae xv [.. fiunt m(odii) if.,

item mihi adpanem m(odii) if...J summa frumenti m(odii) cccxx s(emis)

181 1 ndi.[......]r (cash account of sums received and debts outstanding).s..[. Cjandid (denarios) iilignis emtis (denarios) viisticam (denarios) inab Tetrico [(denarios)].ab Primo (denarios) ii s(emissem)

93

(Trade and Commerce - TVIl, ISl.cont.) (Table Wl)ab A Hone veterinario (denarios) x ab Vitale balniatore (denarios) in summa (denarii) xxxiiii s(emis)

reliqui debentIngenus (denarios) vii Acranius (denarios) Hi equites Vardulli (denarios) vii contubernalis Tagamatis vexsillari (denarios) Hi summa (denarii) xx

182 (i) (record of cash owed and received (?) for supplies)/..... {{ cjornicen pretio [...Js m(odiorum) xv (denarios) xii (assem i) s(emissem) (quadrantem)}}

[rejbus minutis (denarios) ii (asses ii) {{Sabinus Trever (denarios) xxiix s(emissem) (asses ii)}} Ircucisso ex pretio lardi (denarios) xiii s(emissem) Felicia (centurio) lardi p(ondo) xxxxv item lardi pernam p(ondo) xv s(emissem) fiun<n>t p(ondo) Ix s(emissem) (denarios) viii (asses ii) item accipi reb(us) minutis (denarios) vi (asses ii) s(emissem) (quadrantem)

(ii)Vattus{{Victor va[...}} {{pretio caballif..}} {{Exomnius (centurio) (denarios)[...}} Atrectus cervesar[ius] ex pretio ferri (denarios)if... pretio exungiae (denarios) xi (asses ii) Andecarus (denarios) Sanctus (denarios) Back (i) .../« {{..]...e.arius (denarios) ii s(emissem) (assem i) .}}

{{traces}}[,]fic...b.u... (denarios) ii s(emissem) (assem i) (quadrantem)

Vari.. us

184 (i) (list of names and commodities: clothing, footwear (centuria) Uceni pepper, tallow, towels, thongs)- superarias (denarios) xiii. [- Tagarminis {{.}}-piper (denarios) ii Gambax Tapponis s[udari]um (denarios) ii .......J. mni.. [.]. ubar[- ampullam [ f/TJurio St... onis

-sudarium (denarios) ii 10- Ammius

Jxxiix]-i

]m (denarios) Hi (asses ii) (quadrantem)

].s]..i (denarios) i s(emissem) (assem)i

J.armal traces?

94

(Trade and Commerce - TV//, 184 cont.) (Table Wl)(ii)

coturnum (denarios) Hi s(emissem) Messor {{,........}}

- sagaciam (denarios) v (asses Hi) 20 Lucius scutarius

sebum (denarios) [ UJxperusif

Agi[lis?J-[

Huep..[...sudar[ium?] (denarios) ii

Tullio Carpentarivacat 2 lines

(denarios) xl 30 (iii)

(centuria) Tullionis corrigia (denarios) ii s(emissem)- sebum (denarios) iisudari(um) (denarium) i

Butimassebum (denarios) ii[

dsudar(ium) (denarios).[Jo subarmalo

sebum (denarios) [[CJaledus 40 vellf........]........ve.f........J.aliator(then only traces)

185 lines 1-4 - traces (account of expenditure incurred on a journey?) faeci (denarii) s(emissem) [..] Idus lulias i... io faeci (denarii) (quadrantem)

IJdus luliasfaeci (denarii) (quadrantem) [..] Idus lulias a[ 10 traces of six lines & seventh with a deletion faeci (denarii) (quadrantem) hordei m(odium) i (denarii) s(emissem) (assem i) axes carrarios 20 duos ad raedam (denarios) iii s(emissem) sal et avenam ? (denarium) i Isuriofaeci (denarii) (quadrantem) Cataractonio locario (denarii) s(emissem) faeci (denarii) (quadrantem) Vinovis subuncolones? (denarii) (quadrantem)

frumentifiunt (denarii) Ixxiix s(emis) (quadrans)

summa omnis (denarii) Ixxxxiiii s(emis) (quadrans)

186 ......... 7 (record of commodities with quantities and cash value: nails for boots,[........]. m(odios) xxx f...] salt, beer, pork. Dated to a few weeks A.D. 110-111)[ Decemjbres per Gracilem [..........]. p(ondo)c..[[...]..[Decejmbresper Gracilem [..].. p(ondo) xxii (asses)

95

(Trade and Commerce - TV11, 186 cont.) (Table Wl)[.,.] K(alendas) lanuarias Gracili clavos

caligares n(umero) c (asses duos) [ K(alendas IJanuarias per A udacem

salts p(ondo) Ixxxv f.J.ii 10 [ K(alendas) I]anua<ui>rias cerfvjese

metretam (asses) viii fCALJPURNIO PISONE VETTIO [BJOLANO CO(N)S(ULIBUS) [..... lajnuariasper ...a..m[......]............c.ne (assem i)[.....] Febjruuarisper Gradient[.......] ..met.r.[...]s ...cum (asses)[...] Februuar[i]asper Gradient[....]..me. pore.. 20fpjer Audacem porcinep(ondo) xi [..Id]us Februuariasper Similem cervese metretam... [.......]asper Auda[c]em

190 (fragment c only) (record of cash for some religious purpose and food supplies a]d sacrum (denarios) [ for praetorium over a period of several days in June) ]m ad sacrum (denarios) [ Jatam ad sacrum [

m 2 xii K(alendas) Iuli[ashordeficervesafe

xfiij K(alendas) luliashorde i m(odios) iiiicervesae m(odios) ii

[xi K(alendas) lujlias horde i [ 10much lost

x K(alendas) luliashordei m(odios) v s(emissem)allatus vini ..ssec[

viiii K(alendas) luliashordei m(odios) v s(emissem)vini m(odium) i (sextarios) xiiiicervesae m(odios) in 20

viii K(alendas) luliashordei m(odios) vicervesae m(odios) Hi (sextarios) ...vini m(odium) i (sextarios) xiiaceti (sextarios) iiper Privatummuriae (sextarium) i s(emissem)per Privatumaxungiae (sextarios) x mut[(uo)domino ad stipes 30per Privatumvini m(odium) i ad sacrumd(i)vaevini (sextarios) xiiper Privatu[m

vii K(alendas) luliashordei (sextarios) . idomini Brigae man[se]runt

96

(Trade and Commerce - 7T//cont.) (Table \V1)191 ..........J (account of meat supplies for praetorium)

condimenft capream sailsporcellum pernam....

inpfondo? frumenfti cervinfam

in pfondo? ad conditf

capreaf{{s(umma) (denarii) [..}}

m 2 ? s(umma) (denarii) xx[ m' brads . [

(denarios) if

192 a Gawone (account of edible and textile commodities received from Gavo) bedocem (denarios) [ fabae m(odios) .v (denarios) [ lanae p(ondo) xxxiixfp(ondo) . (denarios) xii s(emissem) (assem i)

tosseas Hi [mellis m(odios) [ Back: sagum [ ratio Gavonis

s(umma) {{(denarii) lxx[}} (denarii) [

193 Felicioni (centurioni) mutuo [ (small quantities of food 'borrowed' and repaid?)xii K(alendas) lunias

m-? rec() (m') condimentorum (sextarii) s(emissem) (denarii) s(emissem) rec( ) (m') halicae (sextarii) s(emissem) (denarii) (quadrantem) rec() (m') ova n(umero) iix (denarii) (quadrantem)

xii K(alendas) lulias

207 a Gawone (supplies of clothing received from Gavo) saga n(umero) Hi

{{sagacias n(umero) vii}} lines 4-7 - much lost [tjunicam [[e]t palliola n(umero) vii tunicas n(umero) vaMarco.... Back: palliola [n(umero ]x [ratio] Gavonis tunicas [n(umero ]ii

213 (i) (supply of barley - use of 'agent' / 'go-between') Curtius Super Cassia suo

salutem

(ii) ut interpreteris et ut hordeum commercium habeant a te........

Back:Cassio Saecuflari]...

97

(Trade and Commerce - TVIl cont.) (Table Wl)

215 dices si qui sunt inf....... (letter concerning timber supplies)habebunt auctoritatem Severini. Ego enim ab illo accept si qui volet venire

et quo lignum et materiam servant aequo perferet. opto felicissimus bene valeas Back:Cassia Sa... ]e corniclario

255 [Cljodius Super Ceriali suo (letter concerning supply of clothing)salutem

[V]alentinum, n(ostrum) a Gallia reversum commode vestem adprobasse gratulatus sum, per quern te saluto et rogo ut ea quae ussibus puerorum meorum opus sunt mittas mihi sagacias sex, saga [..., palliojla septem, tufnicas sejx quae scis certe hie me no[n] rite impetrare cum simus nona.cusi etiam ad eofrum] translationem. m 1 valeas dominefrater carissime et [........JssimeBack:Flavio Ceriali praef(ecto)a [C]l[o]dio Supero (centurione)

302 fabaefrensae m(odios) duos (supply of foodstuffs for praetorium) pullos viginti mala si poles formonsa invenire centum ova centum out ducenta si ibi aequo emantur Left margin: Jrio mulsi si ebr.[ ]mus (sextarios) viii muriae .[ J.s modium olivae [.....

309 Metto Advecto plurimam suo (supplies, mainly wooden items: hubs, axles, spokes, salutem planks, seats, knots (?), boards, benches, goat skins)

missi tibi materias per Saconem modiola n(umero) xxxiiii axses carrarios n(umero) xxxiix inibi axsis tornatus n(umero) [i radio n(umero) ccc axses ad lectum n(umero) xxvi sessiones n(umero) viii bruscas [n(umero)] ii plutea n(umero) xx

] missi tibipelliculas caprinas n(umero) vi

m 2 [opto] bene valeas frater

310 personal letter (see Table P1) but refers to buying a pair of shears from a vet.

314 (supply of lime)..... missi quae calcempeteren[t] quam nobis commodasti quas rogo continuo iubeas onerari ut primfo] mane nobis item.....

98

(Trade and Commerce - TV1I cont.) (Table Wl)343 Octavius Candida fratri suo (entrepreneur, Octavius, supplying grain and hides)

salutema Marino nervi pondo centum explicabo e quo tu de hac re scripseras ne mentionem mihi fecit, aliquotiens tibi scripseram spicas me emisse props m(odios) quinque milia propter quod (denarii) mihi necessari sunt. nisi minis mi aliquit (denariorum) minime quingentos futurum est ut quodarre dedi perdam (denarios) circa trecentos et erubescam. ita rogo quam primum aliquit (denariorum) mi mine, coria que scribis esse Cataractonio scribe dentur mi et karrum de quo scribis. et quit sit cum eo karro mi scribe, iam illec petissem nissi iumenta non curavi vexsare dum viae male sunt. vide cum Tertio de (denariis)' viii s(emisse) quos a Fatale accepit. non illos mi accepto tulit. scito mae explesse {{exple}} coria clxx et brads excussi habeo m(odios) cxixfac (denarios) mi mittas ut possim spicam habere in excussorio. iam autem si quit habui perexcussi. contubernalis Fronti amid hicfuerat. desiderabat coria ei adsignarem et ita (denarios) datur<ur>us erat. dixi ei coria intra K(alendas) Martias daturum. Idibus lanuariis costituerat se venturum nee intervenit nee curavit accipere cum haberet coria. si pecuniam daret dabam ei. Frontinium lulium audio magno licere pro coriatione quern hie comparavit (denarios) quinos. saluta Spectatum, I...rium, Firmum. epistolas a Gleucone accept, vale Back: Vindol

346 (supply of socks, sandals and underpants) ......]r am tibi par ia udonfum] t. ab Sattua solearum duo et subligariorum duosoleariorum paria du[o]...........Jum saluta [...]ndem, Elpidem, Iu[...], [..Jenum, Tetricum et omn[es][cjontibernales cum quibus [ojptofelicissimus vivas......

Britannia xxvii 1996 307 no. 2

B

(supplies of poultry and beer to praeiorium at Vindolanda from April A.D. 102 to July A.D. 104)

....[.] ab.[Hi Idus Aprilfes

decurion[ i cerv[

xvii K(alendas) luniafscervesarfio

xv K(alendas) lunias a[pulli.f

Traiano vvi K(alendas) Maias.[

ab Crescent [evac at

eodem die ab . [ anseres

Non is lunfissuetio adiu[

iiii Idus luniascervesario [

Hi Idus lunias [Vattone...[

<KI>Sex(to) Attio Suburfano K(alendas) lanuaris ab .[

veterano pulfl eodem die ab Sau. [ ab Chnisson[e iiii Nonas lanuaria[s

pulli [

10

20

99

(Trade and Commerce - Britannia xxvii cont.) (Table Wl)C K(alendis) Mortis ab Ma..I

eodem die ab Canf Hi K(alendas) Apriles ab Mar[ pr(idie) K(alendas) Apriles ab Exs[ 30 [[.k....s]] vacat viiii K(alendas) Maias ab V[

iumentario br..[summa ansfer-

item anserefs pulli ademtfi item adempti [

pulli [ pr(idie) K(alendas) Maias vacat

item pulli a[ 40 per comm[

summa pul[l-

D iiii K(alendas) .....[ ].se[expensaf

xv K(alendas) lunias m[nas pullus ]

eodem die cena.[absumptus pfullus

viii K(alendas) lunias [ 50nio pullus [

Idibus lunis .c[legati [

xviii K(alendas) lulias [Coris iussu

//trace s77 eodem die in.[

perierunt [

E (back) iiii Idus lunias [missio Flavi[ 60

/;'/' K(alendas) Septembres.[Nigro Broccho [

viii K(alendas) {{Maias}} Ian[uariascenante Brocch[o

K(alendas) lanuaris per[

] xvi K(alendas) Febru[arias

Brocchfo viiii K(alendas) Mar[t]ia[s

a stabulo [ 70 K(alendas) Mortis dom[

matronar[

D (back) Idibus Mortis .[Nigro et.. e. [

xii K(alendas) Apriles ab[nae[

pr(idie) Nonas Apriles [Broccho [

Hi K(alendas) Maiaspr..[

100

(Trade and Commerce - Britannia xxvii cont.) (Table Wl)Septembre..[ 80

;'/'/'/ Nonas Maias [apud Sautenum [summa expenfsorumreliq..[

et anseres n(umero) [ex.[

C (back) vii Idus Maias [Onesimo ad si.f

eodem die Sautenfoinstabulo.f 90 iiii K(alendas) Iimias pranden[

et Flavino ab[ eodem die mor[

apud Sautenfum K(alendis) Maiorum sim[

adventu consuflaris in prandio absufmpt- item Cor is m....[ viii Idus lunias.[

pulli n(umero) iiii [ 100

B (back) xvii K(alendas) Augustas [per Surenum (centurionem) [nes n(umero) xii [

eodem die..[no pulli [

penes Sautenum [ribus pulli [s(umma) pulli n(umero) xx [

ex eis ta. aru[r[el]iqui s.er..[ 110

s(umma) pulli n(umero) vii[

Britannia XXVii 1996 300 no. 1 (list of miscellaneous items with quantities and unit price:cloaks, headbands, hair, drawers, saddle, bags, skillets, reins, curtains)

1 ]....suras n(umero) ii s(ingularis) (denarios) Hi s(emissem) .[2 f(iunt) (denarii) v[ii3 infiblatoria n(umero) vi s(ingulare) (denarios) xi s(emissem)4 f(iunt) (denarii) Ixix5 capitularia n(umero) v s(ingulare) (denarii) s(emissem) (quadrantem)6 f(iunt) (denarii) Hi s(emis) q(uadrans)1 capillamentip(ondo) viiii8 lib(ras) s(ingularem) (denarios) v s(emissem) (quadrantem) ffiunt) (denarii) li

s(emis) q(uadrans)9 lumbaria n(umero) x s(ingulare) (denarios) ii s(emissem) f(iunt) (denarii) xxv10 scordiscum n(umero) i vacat (denarios) [[vjjxii11 [[saga corticia n(umero) xv s]J

12 sajga corticia n(umero) xv m[13 ] in m() s(ingularem) (denarios) iiif(iunt) (denarii) ccxxxvf14 sarcinas n(umero) x s(ingularem) (denarios) s(emissem) (octantem) (assem i) f(iunt)

(denarii) vi s(emis) [q(uadrans) (octans)]15 trullas n(umero) ffvjjiiii s(ingularem) (denarios) v (assem i) f(iunt) (denarii) xx (quadrans)16 trullas n(umero) iiii s(ingularem) (denarios) Hi s(emissem) q(uadrantem) (octantem)

(assem i) f(iunt) (denarii) xv s(emis) q(uadrans)

101

(Trade and Commerce - Britannia xxvii cont.) (Table Wl)17 trullas n(umero) Hi s(ingularem) (denarios) ii s(emissem) q(uadrantem) (octantem)

(assem i)f(iunt) (denarii) xi s(emis) [q(uadrans)]18 frenos n(umero) ii s(ingularem) (denarios) Hi s(emissem) f(iunt) (denarii) vii19 velum coccini(um) i m() xi s(emis) f(iunt) (denarii) liiii s(emis)20 velum virdem i m() xi s(emis) f(iunt) (denarii) xlvi s(emis)2 1 vela purp(urea) ii m() xi s(emis) f(iunt) (denarii) Ixxxiix s(emis) q(uadrans)22 velum .... i m() x s(emis) f(iunt) (denarii) Iv

Britannia xxvii 1996 326 (appendix)(letter from Maior to Maritimus - about a spindle

Maior Maritimfo] s[uo] for a corn mill?)salutem

scire te volui epistulas mihi missas esse ab patri meo in quibus scribit mihi ut ei notumfaciam quid gessero defussa. quod si ita gessisti negotium cum Caesarianis fac ut certum mihi [r]e[s]scribas ut ego pa[tri] meo sic resscribere passim, si quid internumeraveris ego tibi sine mora bracem expellam pro s[[.]]umma. quod efficiatur. ego cum haec tibi scriberem lectum calfaciebafm]. opto sisfelicissimufsj. salutat te pa[ter m]e[us] val[e].

Left margin: [rogo s]ipuerum missurus es mines chir[ografum] cum eo quo securior sim. Back: Vindolande Coccelio Maritimo fa Ma]i[o]re

Britannia viii 1977 430 no.18[I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) D(olicheno)] et Genio Loci [et n(uminibus) Aujg(ustorum) L(ucius Viducius Lfucifilius Plajcidus domo civit(ate) Veliocas[s]ium [sevir] [njegotiator fcret(arius) a]rcum etfanum [d(ono) d(edit) l(oco) d(ato)]

dedication York

JRS ii 1921 101-7Deae Tutel(a)e Boudig(ae) or Boufr)dig(alensi)? M(arcus) Aur(elius) Lunaris sevir Aug(ustalis) col(oniarum) Ebor(aci) et Lind(i) prov(inciae) Brit(anniae) lnf(erioris) aram quam vover(at) ab Eboraci evect(us) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) Perpetuo et Cornediano consulibus).

altar (A.D.237) Bordeaux

102

Table Wl: Administratinn

Tabulae Vindolandenses 11127-53 (renuntium reports recording alt men and equipment present and correct

- one example is given below. First line contains date (day and month)) 127 [date in June]

[renuNtiJum chortis viiifBatavorJumomnes ad loca [qui debjunt et inpedimentavacat renujntiaverunt optiones [et] curatores vacat[detuljit Verecundus optio

154 (strength report of First Cohort of Tungrians, dated 18th May) xv K(alendas) lunias n(itmerus) p(urus) [co]h(ortis) i Tungrorum cuipre(a)est Julius

Verecundus praeffectus) dcclii in is (centuriones) vi ex eis absentessingulares leg(ati) xlv officio Ferocis Coris cccxxxvii

in is (centuriones) iiLondinio (centurio) [i]

vas..ad[....]...apadun... vi 10in is (centurio) i

]ac.............allia viiiin is (centurio) i

...c... ipendiatum xi in. a i

xxxxv summa absentes cccclvi

in is (centuriones) v reliqui praesentes cclxxxxvi

in is (centurio) i ex eisaegri xv

volnerati vi lippientes [xj summa eorfum] xxxi reliqui vatentes ccjlxv

in [is (centurio) ij

156 (record of working parties sent to build ahospitium, work at the lime kilns and get clay for making wattle fences)

Nonis Martii[s]missi ad hospitifujm cum Marco medico faciendum structores n(umero) xxx [a]d lapidem flammandum n(umero) xviiii [a]d lutum vim[M]bus castrorumfacien[dum].....

160 List of names in the nominative followed by their trade. The text is very incomplete but there seems to be evidence of a scutiarius and afaber; there might also be a gladiarius

\ 64 (memorandum describing the qualities of the native Britons) ..... nenu... [. .]n Brittones nimium multi equites gladis non utuntur equites nee residunt Brittunculi ut iaculos mittant

167-9 171-3 175-6 (formal requests for leave - one example given below)

103

(Administration - TVII cont.) (Table Wl)168 ] (centuriae) Felicionis (formal request for leave)

[rogo domijne Cerialis fdijgnum me habeas [cuji defs commjeatum

210-11, 14, 218 Possibly dealing with administrative matters but texts not well preserved

225 (draft letter from Cerialis to Crispinus, asking him to use his influence with the governor, Marcellus) ...... Crispino suo[GJrattio Crispino redeunte [.........] {{nonfui mihi}} et d[....... HJbenter amplexussfum dojmine salutandi te occassionem [djominum meum et quern salvom {{habere}} esse et omnis spei {{suae}} competent inter praecipua voti. habeo hoc enim de me

semper meruisti usque adhanc d[....].tern, cuiusfiducia ho[......]e teprimum [.......]..[......]..*-ut* e.il[..... .]m Marcellum clarissifmum virumj consularem meum. quar.[....][ocjcassionem nunc ut [...........] [...] tibi amicorum do[..........] sua fpjraesentia quostuf......... J illius scioplurimos habere [....]. quomodo voles imple quidq[uid] de teexspecto et me .lu.[.]... amicis ita instrue ut beneficio tuo militiam [pojssim iucundam experiri. ha fee tijbi a Vindolanda scribo [......] hiberna [....

234 (administrative letter with dictation error) Flavins Cerialis Septembri

suo salutem quod vis domine eras id est Hi Nonas Ocftjobres mere..pa..............quiferamus tempestates {{et hiem}} ^etiam* si molestae sint.

242 (letter asking someone to return to Vindolanda at short notice) .......eras bene mane Vindolandam veni ut numerationi cen[........m- vale mi Felici karissime .................SeprembresBack: m' viiii Bat(avorum) [a] Flavio Ceriale......

248 (letter to Cerialis about his prospects and about meeting the governor) Niger et Brocchus Ceriali

suo salutemoptamus frater it quot acturus es felicissimum sit. erit autem quom et votis nostris conveniat hoc pro te precari et tu sis dignissimus. consulari n(ostro) utique maturius occurres. m- op(t)amus frater bene valere te domine .......no exspec.....Back: m' [Fl]av[io] Cerialfiprae]f(ecto) coh(ortis) ...

252 (letter sent via a cavalryman) Caecilius September Ceriali suo

salutem .........per equitem ad te misim- vale domine frater

260 (letter of recommendation?) ....... de op....[...] esse serif....... i]n no[ti]tiam tuam lubentissime perfero.opto dominfe] frtaterfelicissimus bene valeas saluta a m[e] Vindicem n(ostrum)et pueros tuosBack: Flavio Ceriali praef(ecto) coh(ortis) a lustino col(lega)

263 (about sending and receiving letters)

Ceriali suo............et epistulas .f.J.s quas acceperas ab Equestre centurione coh(ortis) HiBatavorum .f.J.i ad te pr(idie) K(alendas) Mafias].nos......Back: Flavio Ceriali praef(ecto) coh(ortis) viiii Bat(avorum) a Vitale decurione

104

(Administration - TV11 cont.)295

Oppius Niger Priscino [suo] s[alutem]

(Table Wl)(about delivering letters to the governor)

Crispum et .e[........]s ex coh(orte) i Tungrorum quos cum epistulis adconsularemn(osrum) miseras a Bremetennaco......................... Kal(endis F[eb]r[m 2 vale dom ine frater

297 (expressing indignation at being accused of sharp practice?) Fijrminus Priscino suo

salutem] nihil malo animofeci ] ego idem in contractu ] fecisse umquam non e.[ ] te aliquid e[...............qjuodfactum [.....]mea e [.. Jestipudo[.......Back: Pr]iscin[o] ......................... [a] Firmino

300 (two equites dispatched to camp) ............................. Lucio suo

salutemJa.um et Frontinum equites remisi adcastra iiii K(alendas) Manias ..........tibi opto frater bene valeas........... m~ vale

3 12 (about sending and receiving 'things', welcoming a colleague, owing money) ..... ad quern cum primum [poles rjogo venias habemus enim [...] [....] ..arem

de rebus quas mihfij misseras non q.... Hie sciat .e.... scri[p]sisses.c.....[....... d]ebeo tibi (denarios) x. [...... Canjdidum et Natalem [.....]..urn. rogo aliquid[....jorum mihi mittas r[ogo] Vir..cium excipias benem- opto bene valeasBack: m 1 Coris t..st Cessaucio Nigrin[o?] dup(licario) a Tullioni

315 (about arranging transport) ...... ut carrula vobis dentur et alias ad Vocusium Africanum praefectum.....

316 (about arranging transport) .......quern modum carrulorum missurus sis domine deliberare tecum debesad lapidum portandum. Voconti enim centu[ria?] carrulis uno die la.[.......Left margin: m- nisi rogas Voconti[....] ut lepidem exp[....] non explicabift].rogo ut rescri[bas] quid velis me [.....opto bene [valeas]

317 Fragments of a draft letter, possibly by the hand of Cerialis. He might be informing a higher official that he has a miscreant to deal with.

344 (draft of an appeal, possibly to the governor- complaint about physical abuse - written in same hand as TVU 180 andon the back of it)

eo magis me ca[...........] d... [Jem mercem [........] r[J vel effunde[...]r[.... Jmineprobotuam matesftjatem imploro ne patiaris me [ijnnocentem virgis cas[t]igatum esse et domine provf.J. prae[fe]cto non potui queri quia vafletjudini detinebatur ques[tu]s sum beneficiario [........ cen]turionibu[s .......] numeri eius [..... tujam misericord[ia]m implorone patiaris me hominem trasmarinum et innocentem de cuiusf[ide] inquiras virgis cruent[at]u[m] esse ac si aliquid sceler[i]s commississem

105

(Administration - TVII cont.) (Table Wl)345 (concerning the dispatch and request for the return of a decurion called Atto and the removal of someone's name

from a list) ...... [pejr Aftjtonem decurionem misi tibi. te rogofrater continue illos expungaset nulli ali quam .........acceperunt rogo ....[eunjdem Attonem remittas.m- bene valeasfrater et domine optoBack: m' ....... praef(ecto) ab Celonio Ins to col(lega)

RIB I Text (milestones) Location Lettering A.D.98 M(arco) Aur(elio) Karino n(obilissimo Caes(ari) Clanville, Hants. C 282-3

2219 D(ominis N(ostris) Fla(vio) Val(erio) Severo et Gal(erio) Val(erio) Maximino nob[i]l(issimis) [Caes(aribus)] Rochester, Kent D 305-6

2220 ...]diviConstant[i]PiiAug(usti)filio Worthing C 307-37

2221 Imp(eratori)....... Silchester ? ?

2222 Imp(eratori) C(aesari) M(arco) Ant(onio) GordianoP(io) F(elice) Aug(usto) r(es)p(ublica) Bel(garum) Bitterne ? 238-44

2223 Imp(eratoribus) C(aesaribus) Gallo et VolusianoAug(ustis) Bitteme ? 251.3

2224 Primary:[l]mp(eratori) Caes(ari) M(arco) Ant(onio) Gordfiano] C 238-44Secondary:Ipm(eratori) C(aesari) Exsuvio Tetricus P(ius) F(elix)Aug(ustus) Bitterne DE 270-3

2225 Imp(eratori) C(aesari) G(aio) Pio Esuvio TetricoP(io) F(elici) A(u)g(usto) Bitteme DE 270-3

2226 [I]mp(eratori) Ca[es(ari)] G(aio) Aesuvio TetricoP(io) F(elici) Aug(usto) Bitterne ? 270-3

2227 Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) Lucio Domitio Aureliano Bitterne ? 273-5

2228 trib(uniciae) p[o]t(estatis) XVIII vfijas fijn rufijnamvet[u]sta[te] c[o]n[l]ab[sas] VDINIM r[e]sti[tuit] Bitterne ? ?

2229 Imp(eratori) Fl(avio) Val(erio) Severo P(io) F(elici)nob(ilissimo) Caes(ari) Fossway D 305-6

2230 [Imp(eratoribus)] C(aesaribus) Domi(nis) N(ostris)Gallo et Volus[iano] Tintagel DE 251-3

2231 [I]mp(eratori) C(aesari) G(alerio) Val(erio)Lic(iniano) Licin(io) [.... Tintagel DE 308-24

2232 Imp(eratori) [C(aesari)] Do(mino) No(stro) Marc(o)Cassiano Helston D 258-6

2233 Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) Flav(io) Val(erio) Constantino Pio nob(ilissimo) Caes(ari) divi Constant! Pii F[el(icis)] Augu[sti]filio St. Hilary D 306-7

106

(Administration - milestones cont.) (Table Wl)2234 Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) Ant(onio) Gordiano Pio

felfici) Redruth D A.D.238-44

2235 Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) M(arco) Annio FlorianoP(io) F(elici) Invicto Aug(usto) m(ille) p(assus) I Chesterton C 276

2236 Primary: ...R... AugustusSecondary: nobjilissimus Caesar Cambridge D ?

2237 Primary:[IJmp(eratori) [Caes(ari)] Fla(vio) Val(erio)Cfojnstantino Pio nob(ilissimo) Caes(ari) divi[Constjanti A[u]g(usti) PfiifilioJ D 306-7Secondary:Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) Flavi(o) V(a)le(rio)Constantino Pio nob(ilissimo) Caes(ari) [... Cambridge D 306-7

2238 Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) Marco Piaonio Victorino P(io) F(elici) Aug(usto) p(ontifici) m(aximo) tr(ibuniciae) [p(otestatis)] Chesterton D 268-70

2239 D(omino) N(ostro) Fl(avio) lul(io) Crisponob(ilissimo) Caes(ari) Fl(avi) Constantini MaximiPii filio divi Constanti Pi(i) nepoti Ermine Street? D 317-26

2240 Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) P(ublio) L[ic(inio)] Valeriano Pio Fel(ici) Aug(usto) p(ontifici) m(aximo) tr(ibuniciae) p(otestatis) p(atri) p(atriae) r(es)p(ublica) L(indensis) Lincoln BC 253-59

2241 Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) Marco Piavonio VictorinoP(io) F(elici) Inv(icto) Aug(usto) ponftfifici)] max(imo)tr(ibuniciae) p(otestatis) p(atri) p(atriae)a L(indo) S(egelocum) mfilia) p(assuum) XIHI Lincoln D 268-70

2242 Imp(eratori) C(aesari) Fl(avio) Val(erio) Constantino P(io) F(elici) Inv(icto) Aug(usto) divi Constanti Pii Aug(usti) filio Ancaster C 307-337

2243 ...] trib(uniciae) pot(estatis) co(n)s(uli) IIp(atri)p(atriae) a Navione m(ilia) pfassuum) XI Buxton C ?

2244 Imp(erator) Caes(ar) div(i) Traian(i) Parth(ici) ffilius)div[i Nerv(ae)] nep(os) Traian(us) Hadrian(us) Aug(ustus)p(ater) p(atriae) t[ri]b(uniciae) pot(estatis) IV co(n)s(ul) HIa Ratis mfilia passuum) II Leicester C 119-20

2245 Imp(eratori) Ca[e]s(ari) ..... Leicester D ?

2246 Imp[(eratori) C(aesari) M(arco) Aur(elio) [Val(erio)]Cl[audio] Wall, Staffs. C 268-70

2247 Imp(eratori) Caefsfari).... Shropshire ? ?

2249 [Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) Fl(avio)] Val(erio) ConstantinoP(io) Fe(lici) Invicto Aug(usto) Kempsey DE 307-37

107

(Administration - milestones cont.) (Table Wl)2250 Imp(eratori) C(aesari) Mar(co) Aur(elio) Numoriano

r(es)p(ublica) c(ivitatis) D(obunnorum)[..... Kenchester DE A.D. 283-4

2251 Imp(eratori) [C(aesari)] M(arco) <C> PiavonioVictorino Aug(usto) Pyle, Glamorgan. DE 268-70

2252 Imp(erator) C(aesar) M(arcus) A(ntonius)Gordianus Aug(ustus) Port Talbot DE 238-44

2253 Imfp(eratori)] Caes(ari) [Do(mino)] No(stro)V[al(erio)] Lic[in(io)] P(io) F(elici) A[u]g(usto) Left face of 2252 DE 308-24

2254 lm[p(eratori) C(aesari)] Fla(vio) [Vajl(erio)Maximino Invicto Augus(to) Port Talbot D 309-313

2255 Imp(eratori) C(aesari) M(arco) C(assianio) L(atinio)Postumo Aug(usto) <G> Margam DE 258-68

2256 Imp(eratoribus) C(aesaribus) Diocletiano etMARI[D]VRE Inv(ictis) Aug(ustis) Back of 2252 DE 286-305

2257 Imp(eratori) C(a)es(ari) [D]io[c]leti[a]no [A]ug(usto) nr. Neath DE 284-305

2258 Imp(erator) C(aesar) [F]l(avius) Val(erius)Constantius Brecon D 293-306

2259 [Imp(erator) C(aesar)] Flavius Cla(udius) Consta[n] 317-337 or tinfus] Back of 2258 D 337-340

2260 Imp(eratori) Do(mino) N(ostro) Mar(co) CassianioLatinio Postumo Pio Fel(ici) Aug(usto) Carmarthen ? 258-68

2261 Imp(eratori) C(aesari) M(arco) [Pia]vo[nio]..AlO....Aug(usto) Back of 2260 ? 268-70

2262 Imp(eratori) C(aesari) M(arco) CI (audio) Tacit oP(io) F(elici) Invicto Aug(usto) Carmarthenshire ? 275-76

2263 Impferatori) Q(uinto) Tro(iano) Decio [C(a)e]sa[riP(io) FJel(ici) Caernarvon DE 249-51

2264 Num(inibus) Aug(ustorum) Imp(erator) CaesarM(arcus) Aurel(ius) Antoninus Pius Fe[l]ix Aug(ustus)Arab(icus)......IX nr. Caernarvon ? 212-17

2265 Imp(erator) Caes(ar) Traianus Hadrianus Aug(ustus) p(ontifex) m(aximus) tr(ibuniciae) p(otestatis) Vp(ater) p(atriae) co(n)s(ul) HI a Kanovio m(ilia) p(assuum) VIII Llanfairfechan CD 120-1

2266 Imp(eratores) Caes(ares) L(ucius) Sep(timius) Sevens P(ius) P(ertinax) et M(arcus) Aur(elius) Antoninus Aug(usti) et P(ublius) [.... Llanfairfechan CE 198-209

2267 IJnv(icto) A[u]g(usto) divi Constant! Pi(i)A(u)g(usti)filio Caerhun CE 307-37

108

(Administration - milestones cont.)2268 [D(omino)] N(ostro) Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) G(aio)

Mesfsjio Q(uinto) Decio Trfaiano... Ribchester

2269 Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) M(arco) Afntonio?] Go[rdiano?] Ribchester

(Table Wl)

? A.D. 249-51

? 238-44

2270 Imp(eratori) C(aesari) M(arco) lulio Philippo PioFel(ici) Aug(usto) N(ostro) Lancaster

2271 Imp(eratori) C(aesari) D(omino) N(ostro) Gaio MesfsioJ Quinto Decio Traiano Pio Felici Invicto Aug(usto) Lancaster

D

CD

2272 Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) Tr(aiano) Hadriano Aug(usto) p(ontifici) m(aximo) t(ribuniciae) p(otestatis) co(n)s(uli) III p(atri) p(atriae) L(...) m(ilia) p(assuum) IIII Lancaster

2273 Imp(eratori) C(aesari) G(aio) M(essio) Q(uinto) Decio P(io) F(elici) Aitg(usto) et G(aio) M(essio) Q(uinto) Etrusco Caesar(i) Castleford

2274 Imp(eratoribus) C(aesaribus) Vibio <O> Gallo et G(aio) V(eldumniano) Volusiano P(iis) F(elicibus) Aug(ustis) Eb(oraco) m(ilia) p(assuum) XXII Other end of 2273

2275 Imp(eratori) Cae[s(ari)] Mar(co) Annio Floriano P(io) F(elici) Aug(usto) Castleford

D

DE

D

2276 Primary: ...]Aug(ustoSecondary: Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) G(aio) Messius)Q(uinto) Deci(o) Tra(iano) P(i)o Felici Augfusto) Aldborough

2277 Imp(erator) Caes(ar) G(aius) Messius [....

2278 Imp(eratori) Ca[e]s(ari) D[o(mino)] N(ostro) G(aio) M[es]s(io) [...

2279 Imp(eratoribus) D(ominis) N(ostris) Gallo et Volusiano Aug(ustis)

2280 Primary:Imp(eratori) C(aesari) M(arco) Annio Flor[i]anoP(io) F(elici) Aug(usto)Secondary: (superimposed on primary retaining common features)Imp(eratori) C(aesari) M(arco) Aurelio ProboP(io) F(elici) Aug(usto) Bowes

2281 Imp(eratori) C(aesari) M(arco) Aur(elio) Caro P(io) F(elici) Aug(usto) m(ilia) [...

2282 ] Caro Pio Fel(ici) <E> Inv(icto) Aug(usto)

2283 m(ilia) pfassuum) LIII (from Carlisle?) (never inscribed with emperor's name?)

Bowes

nr. Bowes

D

D

D

244-9

249-51

119-38

250-1

251-53

276

Aldborough

Aldborough

Aldborough

Greta Bridge

CE

C

9

C

249-51

249-5 1

249-51

251-53

276

276-82

282-3

282.3

nr. Kirkby Lonsdale ?

109

(Administration - milestones cont.)2284 Imp(eratori) Caesari Marcfo] lulio Phi[lip]po Pio

Felici Invicto Augusta perp(etuo) et M(arco) lul(io)

[Pjhilippo nobilissimo Caesari

2285 Imp(eratori) C(aesari) Val(erio) Constantino pient(issimo) Aug(usto)

2286 Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) M(arco) lulio Philippo Pio

Felici Aug(usto) et M(arco) <1> lul(io) Philippo

nobilissimo Caesa(ri) tr(ibuniciae) p(otestatis) co(n)s(uli)

2287 Imp(erator) Ca[e]s(ar) M(arcus) Pia[v]onius Victorinus Pius Fe[l(ix)...

(Table Wl)

nr. Appleby D A.D. 244-49

nr. Brougham CD 307-37

nr. Old Carlisle

nr. Old Penrith

2288 Imp(eratori) C(aesari) Fl(avio) Val(erio) Constantino

P(io) F(elici) Inv(icto) Aug(usto) Hesket

2289 [Imp(eratori) CJaes(ari) M(arco) [An]t(onio)Gor[di]ano P(io) [FJel(ici) Aug(usto) [.... Scalesceugh

2290 [I]mp(erator) ....... (text in centre of stone) nr. Carlisle

2291 Imp(eratori) C(aesari) M(arco) Aur(elio) Maus(aeo)Carausio P(io) F(elici) Invicto Aug(usto) at broad end of 2290

D

9

D

2292 Fl(avio) Val(erio) Constant[i]no nob(ilissimo) Caes(ari)

2293 [IJmp(eratori) C(aesari) Gal(erio) Val(erio) Maximiano [P(io) FJel(ici) [...

at narrow end of 2290 D

W. of Dere Street D

2294 Imp(eratori) Caesari Marco Ant(onio) Gordiano [... Willigton (Durham) D

2295 [D(omino)] N(ostro) Imp(eratori) M(arco) Ant(onio)

Gordiano Pio Felici Aug(usto) nr. Lanchester ?

2296 Imp(eratori) [C(aesari)] M(arco) Pi[a]vonio Victorino P(io) [F(elici)] Aug(usto) Corbridge

2297 Primary: A]ug(mt..)[...Secondary: Caesar Max[i]minus Aug(ustus) N(oster) nr. Corbridge

2298 Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) M(arco) Aur[elio Ajntonino

[Pio Feli]ci Aug(usto) Arab(ico) Adiab(enico) P[a]rt(hico) Maxima Brit(annico) Maxima trib(uniciae)

p[ot(estatis)] XVI co(n)s(uli) IIII im[p(eratori)] II G(aio)

M(io) Marco leg(ato) A[u]g(usti) p[r(o)] p[r(aetore)] Hadrian's Wall

2299 Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) [M(arco)] Aurel(io) Severe

Al[e]xandro Pio Fel(ici) Aug(usto) p(ontifici) m(aximo)

tr(ibuniciae) p(otestatis) II co(n)sfuli) p(atri) p(atriae)

cur (ante) Cl(audio) X[e]noph(onte) leg(ato) Aug(usti)

pr(o) [pr]a[e]t(ore) m(ilia) p(assuum) XIIH Stanegate

2300 M(arcus) Aur(elius) Probus P(ius) F(elix) Invic(tus)

Aug(ustus) Stanegate

CD

CD

247

268-70

307-37

238-44

286-93

306-7

305-11

238-44

238-44

268-70

309-13

213

222-3

276-82

110

(Administration - milestones cont.)2301 First: .....nob(ilissimo) C[aes(ari)]

Second: nob(ilissimo) Caesar(i) Third: Imp(eratori). Caes(ari) Maximifanjo

P(io) F(elici) Aug(usto) Fourth: Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) Maximino

P(io) F(elici) Aug(usto) Stanegate

2302 Imp(erator) Caes(ar) Fl(avius) Val(erius) ConstantimtsP(ius) F(elix) Inv(ictus) Aug(ustus) divi Constfanti Stanegate

2303 Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) Flav(io) Val(erio) Constantino Pio F(elici) nob(ilissimo) Caesari divi Constant! Pii Aug(usti) filio Stanegate

2304 Imp(eratori)..... Stanegate

2306 Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) M(arco) Aurel(io) Sever(o)Alexandra P(io) Fel(ici) Aug(usto) p(ontifici) m(aximo) tr(ibuniciae) p(otestatis) II co(n)s(uli) p(atri) p(atriae) cur (ante) Cl(audio) Xenephonte leg(ato) Aug(usti) pr(o) praet(ore) m(ilia) p(assuum) XVIII nr. Cawfields

2307 Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) Nuberiano n(obilissimo) [.]C(aesari) nr. Cawfields

2308 Primary: JDRJSecondary: bon[o] reipublic[ae] nato Stanegate

2309 [Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) L(ucio)] DomiftioJAurelfijano P(io) F(elici) Aug(usto) nr. Carvoran

2310 Imr(eratori) Caes(ari) Flav(io) Val(erio)Constantino Pio nob(ilissimo) Caesar[i] div[i.... nr. Carvoran

2311 Imp(erator) Diocletianus P(ius) F(elix) Aug(ustus)simper senifor ... Old Wall

2313 I[mp(eratori) Caes(ari) T(ito) Ael(io) Hadr(iano)Anto]nino Aug(usto Piop(atri) p(atriae) co(n)s(uli) [I]II [[.....]] [co]h(ors) I Cugernor(um) [Trijmonti(o) m(ilia) p(assuum) [.... nr. Cramond

(Table Wl)A.D. 296-35

306-7

2314 [b]o[no] re[i]p(ublicae) nato

JRS xlvii 1957 230 no. 19:Milestone to Severus Alexanderliv 1964 179 no. 8:Milestone to Constantine as Augustus

D

DE

CE

D

CE

DE

Hadrian's Wall ?

Gwaenysgor, Flints D

Caves Inn CD

306-7

309-13

306-7

306-7

9

222-3

282-3

4th/5th c?

273-5

306-7

305-6

140-4

4th/5th c?

231-5

307-37

Britannia 1985 324 no. 3:Milestone set up by r(es)p(ublica) Belgarum Wonston, Hants.

Ill

(Administration - cont.) (Table Wl) RIB II2401.1-13 Military diplomas inscribed on bronze - copied from an original set up in Rome.

2409.19Bronze cuboid stamp from Kingscote, Glos., - see above under 'Miscellaneous dies, marks andreferences to manufacturing'.

2411.1-242Lead sealings bearing these stamps:

Imperial (1-32)Provincial (33-38)Taxation office (39)Civic (40-41)Legionary (42-80)Alae (81-90)Equites singulares consularis (91)Pedites singulares consularis (92-3)Cohortes (94-242)

2443.2 Proc(uratores) Aug(usti) dederunt Brit(anniae) prov(inciae)Stamped / branded on the outside of a stilus tablet from London.

112

Table Wl: Travel and Transportation

RIB IFor milestones giving distance see above under 'Administration' (2235, 2241, 2243, 2244, 2265, 2272, 2274, 2283, 2299, 2306)

RIB II2410.1-23Labels, usually of lead, attached to goods in transit. Examples are all militaryand contain minimal information eg:

2410.6 obv: coh(ortis) II c(enturia) Atili Maiorisrev: co(hortis) II c(enturia) Atili Maioris Chester

2410.7 obv: (cohortis) VIII c(enturia) Titianirev: c(enturia) Titiani Chester

2410.8 c(o)ho(rtis) VIIII L(ucii) Van(i)i Setino doss(u)ario (i)um(ento....) Chester

2420.13 obv: sutoriis [...] M[...]TNA[.]AD sarcinarev: p(ondo) ii (denarius) i s(emis) Usk

2411.1-242Lead sealings - summary of the stamps found on them is given under 'Administration'.

Addresses on stilus tablets:2443.5 in Britan(n)ia Carlisle 2443.7 Londinio London 2443.10 Trimontio out Lugu(v)a[l]lio M(arco) lulio Martiali Carlisle

Addresses on leaf tablets found at Vindolanda. Tabulae Vindolandenses II:248 Back: m' [Fl]av[io] Cerialfi praejf(ecto) coh(ortis) ...

255 Back: Flavio Cerialipraef(ecto)a [C]l[o]dio Supero (centurione)

291 Back: Sulpiciae Lepidinae Cerialis a S[e]vera

301 Back: Candida Genialispraef(ecti) a Severo ....i servo

310 Back: Londini Veldedeio equisioni co(n)s(ularis)

312 Back: Coris t..st........Cessaucio Ni[g]rin[o] dup(licario) a Tullioni

113

Table Wl: Business and T.aw.

RIB II (business letter - about selling a slave girl? / or extracting money from a girl?)

2443.7 Rufus Callisuni salutem Epillico et omnibus contubernalibus.certiores vos esse credo me recte valere. si vos indicem [fjecistis rogo mittite. omnia diligenter cura agas ut illam puellam ad nummum redigas.....

stilus tablet London

2443.11 (part of legal affidavit, A.D. 84-96)

/.... per lovjem Optimum Maximum et per Genium Imp(eratoris) Domitiani C(a)esaris Aug(usti) Germanici et per deos patrios s... [...] et...mer... [...]


2443.13 (part of a land sale document)

ita uti optima maximoque iure esse ft Name ] h(abere) r(ecte) l(iceat) quod si quis e...red... quae s(upra) s(cripta) est [..].......partemue quamquis ex ea evicerit q(uo) m(inus) .. [Name or equivalent phrase] ..... haberepossidere utfifrui recte liceat, turn quantum]id erit quod ita ex ea evicftum a..ea.eta[...

stilus tablet Chew Stoke, Somerset

2443.15 (part of a legal document carrying a wide groove for the seals of witnesses)

quam pecuniam petisionis item scriptis solvere mihi debebit Crescens isve ad quern ea res pertinebit [.. Jris [...]...sse et [...]


2443.18 (part of a legal document - most of the inner text is lost but some of the names of the witnesses are partially preserved on the outer face)

Outer face: [P]ub[li]<li> Furi Secundi L(ucius) Octavius Crescens L(uci) Ca[ti] Gamimedi Marci Semproni Flori

stulus tablet London

Britannia XXV 1994 302 no. 34 (legal document pertaining to the sale of woodland in Kent - 14th March, A.D.I 18)

Imp(eratore) Traiano Hadriano Caesare Aug(usto) IIet Gn(aio) Fusco Salinatore co(n)s(ulibus) pr(idie) Idus Martiascum ventum esset in rem praesentem silvam Verlucionium arepennia decem quinque,plus minus, quod est in civitate Cantiacorum pago DIBVSSV........RABI....A...Sadfmibus heredibus (interlineated traces) et heredibus Caesenni Vitalis et via vicinale, quodse emisse diceret L(ucius) lulius Bellicus de T(ito) Valeria Silvino (denariis) quadraginta sicut emptione continetur. L(ucius) lulius Bellicus testatus est se.....

114

Table Fl: FUNERARY INSCRIPTIONS SELECTED FOR STUDY.

RIB!9101112131415161718

494495496497498499500501502503

786787804857858859860861862863

[19202122232541438793

504505506507508509510511512513

864865866867906907908909912931

9495108109110111112113121122

514515516517518519520521522523

932933934935936937955958959960

123153134136137155156157158159

524525526527528529530531532533

961102610621064106511711172117311741175

J60161162f63164165183184188200

534535536537538539540541542543

1177117811801181118212461247124812491250

201202203204205233240249250251

544545546547554555557558559560

1251125212531254125512561258128812891290

252253254255256257258259260261262

561562563564565566568569594595

1291129212931350143314351436148014811482

263265266291292293294295296356

596606612619620621632633638639

1483155815591560156115621618161916201621

357358359360361362363365367369

670671672673674675676677678679

1622166717131714171517161722174217431745

370371372373374375376377403405

680681682683684685686687688689

1746174718261828182918301831187119191920

405475476477478479480481482483

690691692693694695696710714720

1921200320042006202920302046211521422181

484485486487488489490491492493

748749750751754758768769784785

2182 2183 2213

JRSxlvii 1957 lii 1962 liii 1963 Iv 1965

227 no.8.190no.l, 194no.21.160nos.4, 6.221 no.4, 222 no.9.

Ivii 1967 204nos.8, 14.Iviii 1968 206 no.6, 208 no. 15.

15

Table Fl continued.

BRITANNIAi 1970 307 no. 10, 308 no. 14.ii 1971 292 no. 14.iii 1972 352 nos. 2-4.v 1974 461 no. 1,462 no.6.viii 1977 429 no. 15.xii 1981 369no.4.xiii 1982 396 no. 1.xv 1984 333 no. 1.xviii 1987 367 no.5.xix 1988 490 no.4.xx 1989 327 no. 1.xxiii 1992 312no.8.

RIB II2503.137-161.

116

Table Fl; Funerary Inscriptions (m = military, c = civilian deceased)

RIB I Text Location

9 A(ulus) Alfid(ius) Pomp(tina) tribu) Olussa ex testamento her(es) pos(itit) annor(um) LXXna(tus) Atheni(s) h(ic) s(itus) e(st) London

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

M(arco) Aur(elio) Eucarpo fil(io) pientissimo vixit ann(os) XV m(enses) VI Aur(elia) Eucarpia ma(ter) possuit London

D(is) M(anibus) Fl(avius) Agricola mil(es) leg(ionis) VIVict(ricis) v(ixit) an(nos) XLII d(ies) XAlbia Faustinaconiugi incomparabili/faciendum) c(uravit) London

Dis [M]anibus [G(ai) Iul(i) G(ai) f(ili) F]ab(ia tribu) Alpini Classiciani... ... proc(uratoris) provinc(iae) Britafnniae]lulia Indifilia Pacata Ifndiana (?)] uxor [f(ecit)] London

D(is) M(anibus) lul(ius) Valens mil(es) leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) an(norum) XL h(ic) s(itus) e(st) c(uram) a(gente) Flavio Attio her(ede) London

Dis Manib(us) T(iti) Licini Ascani v(ivus) s(ibi) f(ecit) London

[D(is)] M(anibus) [ Semprojnio Sempro[niano cenjturioni leg(ionis) [....... vijxit annos LI[etfratribjus Semproniis[..........] et Secundo [liberjti eius [patronis bene me]ren[tibuspos]u[eru]nt London

Memoriae Valeri Amandini Valeri Superventor et Marcelluspatri fecer(unt) London

D(is) M(anibus) Vivio Marciano (centurio) leg(ionis) II Aug(ustae) lanuaria Martina coniunxpientissimaposuit memoriam London

[Sat]urni[no] leg(ionis) XX [V(aleriae) V(ictricis)]G(aius) Aci[lius] M[.... London

[Dis Manijbus [....]r L(uci) f(ilius) C[l(audia tribu)] Celsu[s] [.... sjpecfulator) leg(ionis) [II Ajug(ustae) .. Dardan[i]us Cu[rsor] [Valerius Pudens [...]s Probus sp[e]c(ulatores) l[eg(ionis)]

G(aius) Etrus[c]us Atifae] carissimafe sjuae meritis eius

D(is) M(anibus) Cl(audiae) Martinae an(norum) XIX Anencletus provinc(ialis) coniugi pientissimae h(ic) s(ita) e(st)

D(is) M(anibus) Grata Dagobitifil(ia) an(norom) XL Solinus coniugi kar(issimae) /(aciendum) c(uravit)

23 [D(is) M(anibus)] et memoriafe TJulliae Numidifae pie]ntissimefemin[e .....]is reliqua cau[...

London

London

London

London

London

Lett- m/c ering

C c

ABE c

ABE m

A c

? m

B c

AB

BC

C

C

C

B

CE

m

m

m

m

117

(Funerary inscriptions cont.) (Table Fl)25 [D(is)J M(anibus) [.. Jliufs...][...Jtus [...] [qui] vi(xit)

an(nos) L [marito] ca(rissimo) Stertfinia] [..Jntina cofniux] London ? c

41 .... V]lpiaefil[iae..........]a mater [.... Canterbury A c

43 [D(is)] M(anibus) [Matjerna or [Patjerna [ann(orum)] XIV [.. Canterbury B c

87 Memoriae Fl(aviae) Victorinae T(itus) Tam(monius) Victorconiunx posuit Silchester BC c

93 [D(is)] M(anibus) [...Jnus At[...]arius [vix(it) an(nos)]LXXXV Chichester ? c

94 ...]cca Aelia [...] Cauva [...]fil(ia) an(norum) XXXVI Chichester BC c

95 Catia Censorinfa] an(norum) XX1II[.. Chichester BC c

108 Dannicus eq(u)es alae Indian(ae) tur(ma) Albanistip(endiorum) XVI cives Raur(icus) cur(averunt) FulviusNatalis it Fl[av]ius Bitucus ex testame(nto) h(ic) s(itus) e(st) Cirencester CE m

109 Sextus Valerius Genialis eq(u)es alae Trhaec(um) civis Frisiaus tur(ma) Genialis an(norum) XXXX st(ipendiorum) XX h(ic) s(itus) e(st) (h)e(res) f(aciendum) c(uravit) Cirencester CE m

110 Philus Cassavifili(us) civis Sequ(anus) ann(orum) XXXXVh(ic) s(itus) e(st) Cirencester C c

111 D(is) M(anibus) P(ubliae) Vicanae P(ublius) Vitalis coniux Cirencester CE c

112 D(is) M(anibus) Cast(ae) Castren(sis) v(ixit) an(nos) [.... Cirencester C c

113 D(is) M(anibus) luliae Castae coniugi vix(it) ann(os) XXXIH Cirencester BC c

121 Rufus Sita eques c(o)ho(rtis) VI Tracum ann(orum) XLstip(endiorum) XXII heredes exs test(amento) f(aciendum)curave(runt) h(ic) s(itus) e(st) Gloucester CE m

122 ...miles legionis]XXc(enturia) Livi Saturninistipendiorum XIII [ann]orum XXXX Gloucester ? m

123 ...] vixi[t ajnos XXInfgjenuina [cjoniunx Gloucester DE ?

133 D(is) M(anibus) lul(ia) Ingenuilla v(i)x(it) an(nos) XXm(enses) Vd(ies) XXVIIII Horsley, Glos. CD c

134 D(is) M(anibus) Sulicena annos [.JXIIII vixit Lasborough ? c

136 D(is) M(anibus) Metti nation(e) Geta vixit ann(os) XXXVh(eres) p(osuit) Beverston, Glos. D c

137 SpesG(ai)Senti [.... Sea Mills C

155 Dtts) M(anibus) G(aius) Calpurnius [R]eceptus sacerdosdeae Sulis vix(it) an(nos) LXXV Calpurnia Trifosa l[i]bert(a)coniunx/(aciendum) c(uravit) Bath B

c

118

(Funerary inscriptions cont.) (Table Fl)156 lulius Vitalis fabricie(n)sis leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis)

stipendiorum IX~an(n)or(um) XXIX natione Belga ex col(l)egio fabrice(nsium) elatus h(ic) $(itus) e(st) Bath CE m

157 G(aius) Murrius G(ai) f(ilius) Arniensis Foro Mi Modestusmil(es) fljeg(ionis) II Ad(iutricis) P(iae) F(idelis) [c(enturia)]luli Secundi ann(orum) XXVstip(endiorum) [...]h(ic) s(itus) e(st) Bath ?E m

158 Dis Manibus M(arcus) Valerius M(arci) fil(ius) Latinusc(ivis) Eq(uester) mil(es) leg(ionis) XX an(norum) XXXVstipen(diorum) XX h(ic) s(itus) e(st) Bath ? m

159 L(ucius) Vitellius Mantai f(ilius) Tancinus cives Hisp(anus) Caurie(n)sis eq(ues) alae Vettonum c(ivium) R(omanorum) ann(orum) XXXXVI stip(endiorum) XXVI h(ic) s(itus) e(st) Bath CE m

160 ...] Serfgia tribit) A[nt]tigonus Nic(opoli) emeritus ex leg(ione) XX an(norum) XL V h(ic) s(itus) e(st) G(aius) Tiberinus heres f(aciendum) c(uravit) Bath BD m

161 .... dec(urio) coloniae Glevfensis... ....] vixit an(nos) LXXXVI[... Bath ? c

162 D(is) M(anibus) Merc(...) Magni l(iberta) alumna vixitan(num) I m(enses) VI d(ies) XII Bath C c

163 .... Rusoniae Aventfijnae c(ivi) Mediomatrfic(ae)]annor(um) LVIIIh(ic) s(ita) e(st) L(ucius) Vlpius Sestiush(eres) /faciendum) c(uravit) Bath BC c

164 D(is) M(anibus) Succ(essae) Petroniae vix(it) ann(os) IIIm(enses) IIII d(ies) IX Vet(tius) Romulus et Vict(oria) Sabinafil(iae) kar(issimae) fec(erunt) Bath ? c

165 Vibia lucunda an(norum) XXXhie sepulta est Bath ? c

183 vjixi sin[e ulla ... ] triginta [annos] [.... ] quae cap if.... ] nonof... Pitney, Som. BCE c

184 [D(is)] M(anibus) [...] Aug(usti) [lib(erto) fratri s]uoRes[tituta sojror [.. Jtugeni [... d]omo Roma ORMIPS 1C R Charterhouse ? c

188 .. .] Carino civi [D]om[nonio] ann(orum) L Ruflnus et [Cjarinaet Avitafili eius eft RJomana uxor [/faciendum) c(uraverunt)] Dorchester B c

200 M(arcus) Favoni(us) M(arci)/(ilius) Pol(lia tribu) Facilis c(enturio) leg(ionis) XX Verecundus et Novicius lib(erti) posuerunt h(ic) s(itus) e(st) Colchester B m

201 Longinus Sdapeze Matygif(ilius) duplicarius ala prima Tracum pago Sardi(ca) anno(rum) XL aeror(um) XV heredes exs testam(ento) [/(aciendum)] c(uraverunt) h(ic) s(itus) e(st) Colchester BE m

202 ....] O [......] Macri[. .... .Jus eq(ues) R(omanus) vix(it) [an(nos)]XX Val(eria) Fron[t]ina coniuux et Flor(ius) Cogitatus etFlor(ius) Fidelisfecerunt Colchester BCE c

119

(Funerary inscriptions cont.) (Table Fl)203 fleg(ionis) I or // A]diutr[icis ..... Jae bis c(enturio) [......]

bis c(enturio) leg(ionis) [... ...] c(enturio) leg(ionis) IIIAufg(ustae)... ... c(enturio)] leg(ionis) XX Val(eriae) V[ic(tricis)oriujndus Nicaea [in Bithynjia militavift ann(os) ....]vixit ann(os) [......] obitum [... Colchester C m

204 [D(is)] M(anibus) [in hoc tjumulo tegfuntur ossa venjerabilisiuvefnis...] cuncti Mucfianum .. Jerunt serf. .... .]un[... Colchester BC c

205 D(is) [M(anibus)] Ar[...]re[... coh(ortis)] I Va[...] quimfilitavit...] ex afere collate.... Colchester B m

233 D(is) M(anibus) s(acrum) Anicius Saturn(inus) stratorco(n)s(ularis) m(onumentum) s(ibi) f(ecit) Irchester BC m

240 D(is) [M(anibus)] Dec(i)mus Malus[if(ilius)].... Wood Eaton DE c?

249 [M(arcus) Aujrelius [......]us M(arci) Aure[li Maxjsumi lib(ertus)[...Jcino [annor(wn) .]XXXV[..... .]si(us) [...]lenius ve[teran(us)]ex leg(ione) Xllll [Gem(inae)] h(eres) e(x) test(amento) p(osuit)

Lincohi CE m

250 (a) D(is) M(anibus) Volusia Faustina c(ivis) Lind(ensis) v(ixit) ann(os) XXVI m(ensem) I d(ies) XXVI Aur(elius) Senecio dec(urio) ob merita c(oniugi) p(osuit) (b) D(is) M(anibus) Cl(audia) Catiotu(i) (filia) vixtt a[n]n(os) LX[... Lincoln BE c

251 D(is) M(anibus) Fl(avius) Helius natione Grecusvixit annos XXXXFl(avia) Ingenua coniugiposuit Lincoln C c

252 Dis Manib(us) G(ai) luli Gal(eria tribu) Caleni Lug(duno) vet(erani) ex leg(ione) VI Vic(trice) P(ia) F(ideli) h(eres) a se m(emoriae) f(ecit) Lincoln C m

253 ....[le]g(ionis) II Ad(iutricis) P(iae) [F(idelis)] c(enturia) [.(...) PJonti Proculi L(ucius) Licinius L(uci) f(ilius) Gal(eria tribu) Saliga Lug(duno) annorum XX [...s]tipend(iorum) II Lincoln C m

254 Q(uinti) Cornell Q(uinti(f(ili) Cla(udia tribu) eq(uitis)leg(ionis) VIIII [c(enturia)] Cassi Martialis an(norum) XLstip(endiorum) XIX h(ic) s(itus) e(st) Lincoln ? m

255 G(aio) Saufeio G(ai)f(ilio) Fab(ia tribu) Her(aclea) militi legio(nis) VllII annor(um) XXXX stip(endiorum) XXII h(ic) s(itus) e(st) Lincoln B m

256 L(uci) Semproni Flavini mil(i)t(i)s leg(ionis) VIIII c(enturia) Babudi Severi aer(um) VII an(n)or(um) XXX (H)ispani Galeria (tribu) Clunia Lincoln DE m

257 G(aius) Valerius G(ai) f(ilius) Maec(ia tribu) mil(es)leg(ionis) IX sign(ifer) c(enturia) Hospitis ann(orum) XXXVstip(endiorum) Xllll t(estamento) p(oni) i(ussit)h(ic) [s(itus) e(st)] Lincoln C m

120

(Funerary inscriptions cont.)258 T(itus) Valerius T(iti) f(ilius) Cla(udia tribu) Pudens

Sav(aria) mil(es) leg(ionis) II A(diutricis) P(iae) F(idelis) c(enturia) Dossenni Proculi a(nnorum) XXXaera [V]I h(eres) d(e) s(uo) p(osuit) h(ic) s(itus) e(st)

(Table Fl)

Lincoln

259 D(is) M(anibus) Q(uintus) Val(erius) Vic[to]rinus milfes... ISC Lincoln

260 [..]rcu[.....]s M(arci) f(ilius) Camilla (tribu) Pisauromil(es) leg(ionis) V[HH..... Lincoln

261 M(arci) Laetili Max(imi) c(ohorte) I mil(itis) Lincoln

262 Dis Manibus nomini Sacri Bruscifili civis Senoni etCarssounae coniugis eius et Quintif(ilii) [.... Lincoln

263 D(is) M(anibus) Claudiae Crysidi vixit an(nos) LXXXXheredes p(onendum) c(uraverunt) Lincoln

265 .. .]es[. ..... vjixit dulcissima profles... Jsa est compare Ditis[.... postquajm est ablata repente [...d]o[l]ui tuafata f...]EN[vixit a]n(nos) VIIII Lincoln

266 ........ex [d]ec(urione) alae IIAstor(um) vixit [a]nnis LXX[. Lincoln

291 Tib(erius) Claud(ius) Tirintius eq(ues) coh(ortis) [..] Thracuman[n]orum L VII sti[p]endior(um) XX[..] h(ic) s(itus) [e(st)] Wroxeter

292 [T(itus) Fjlaminius T(itifilius) Pol(lia tribu) Fa[v(entia)an]norum XXXXV stip(endiorum) XXII mil(es) leg(ionis) [XII]II Gem(inae) militavi aq(uilifer) nunc hie sfujm Wroxeter

293 G(aius) Mannius G(ai) f(ilius) Pol(lia tribu) SecundusPollent(ia) mil(es) leg(ionis) XX an(n)oru(m) LII stip(endiorum) XXXI ben(eficiarius) leg(ati) pr(aetorii) h(ic) s(itus) e(st) Wroxeter

294 M(arcus) Petronius L(uci) f(ilius) Men(enia tribu) Vic(etia) ann(orum) XXXVIII mil(es) leg(ionis) Xllll Gem(inae) militavit ann(os) XVIII sign(ifer) fuit h(ic) s(itus) e(st) Wroxeter

295 (a) D(is) M(anibus) Placida an(norum) LV cur (am) ag(ente) coni(uge) a(nno) XXX [... (b) D(is) M(anibus) Deuccus an(norum) XV cur (am) ag(ente) fratre Wroxeter

296 ... Va]leri[us ...,]f(ilius) Gal(eha tribu) [Lugduni]miles [leg(ionis) XIIJII Wroxeter

356 D(is) M(anibus) Aurelius Herculanus aequesvixit annos XXVIII coniux faciendum curavit Caerleon

357 D(is) M(anibus) T(itus) Flavius Candidus Vlp(ia) Traiana m(iles) leg(ionis) II Aug(ustae) sti(pendiorum) VII an(norum) XXVIIfra(ter) c(uravit) Caerleon

C

c

C

c

c

CE

BCE

BC

CE

BC

BCE

m

m

m

m

m

m

m

m

m

m

m

m

121

(Funerary inscriptions cont.) (Table Fl)358 D(is) [M(anibus)] T(itus) Fl(avius) Natafljis veteranfujs

vixit an(nos) LXV curatum per Fl(avium) Ingenuinum et Fl(avium)Flavinum fil(ios) et Fl(aviam) Veldiccam coniufgemj Caerleon C m

359 D(is) M(anibus) G(ai) Mi Decumini v(eterani) l(egionis) IIA(ugustae) a(nnorum) XXXXV c(oniunx)/(aciendum) c(uravit) Caerleon C m

360 D(is) M(anibus) M(ius) lulianus mil(es) leg(ionis) II Aug(ustae) stip(endiontm) XVIII annor(um) XL hie situs est cura(m) agente Amanda coniuge Caerleon BCE m

361 D(is) M(anibus) Q(uinti) lull Severi Dinia veteranileg(ionis) II Aug(ustae) coniux/(aciendum) c(uravit) Caerleon BCE m

362 ...]IVL[.....] lul(ius) Ca[..]riusfil(ius) v(ixit) ann(os) XXVoptio an(nos) Hf(aciendum) c(uravit) Caerleon ? m

363 fD(is) M(anibus)] lul(ius) Valens vet(eramts) leg(ionis) II Aitg(ustae) vixit annis C lul(ia) Secundina coniunx et lul(ius) Martinus filius/(aciendum) c(uraverunt) Caerleon BC m

365 D(is) M(anibus) G(aius) Valerius G(ai) f(ilius) Galeria (tribu) Victor Lugduni sig(nifer) leg(ionis) IIAug(ustae) stip(endiorum) XVII annor(um) XLVcura(m) agent(e) Annio Perpetuo h(erede) Caerleon CE m

367 (a) .....]M[......]Genialis [.....IJeg(ionis) II Aug(ustae) ex [signijferoSe[..Jius [Sejnecianus [h(eres)]/(aciendum) c(uravit) Caerleon C m

369 D(is) M(anibus) Tadia Vallaun[i]us vixit ann(os) LXV etTadius Exuper(a)tus filius vixit ann(os) XXXVII defun(c)tusexpeditione Germanica Tadia Exuperata filia maftjri etfratripiiss(i)ma secus tumulum patris posuit Caerleon BCE c/m

370 D(is) M(anibus) Vitali vixit an(nos) X[.]II. Caerleon C c?

371 D(is) M(anibus) Caesoria Coro[c]ca v(ixit) a(nnos) XL VIII [R]en[atu]s coniux [eiu]s et Munat[ius et] Lestinus eft L]eontiusfecer[u]ntfili eius Caerleon BCE c

372 D(is) M(anibus) lul(iae) Nundinae vixit an(nos) XXXAgrius Cimarus coniunx piissimus/(aciendum) c(uravit) Caerleon C c

373 D(is) M(anibus) et memoriae luliae Secundinae matri piissime vixit annis LXXV G(aius) lul(ius) Martinus fil(ius) /(aciendum) c(uravit) Caerleon CE c

374 D(is) M(anibus) lulie Senece vics(it) an(n)os LX Caerleon DE c

375 D(is) M(anibus) lulia Veneria an(norum) XXXIII(ulius) Alesan(der) con(iunx) pientissimus et I(ulius)Belicianus/(ilius) monime(ntum)/(aciendum) c(uraverunt) Caerleon CE c

376 D(is) M(anibus) lulia [...jiunda vixit annos XXV Caerleon ? c

377 [D(is) M(anibus) lulija Iberna vixs[it] annos XVI messe(s) XI/(aciendum) c(uravit) Fla(via) Flavina mater Caerleon CE c

122

(Funerary inscriptions cont.)403 Diis Mfanibus] Candfidi... .Jnifili [eq(uitis) alae]

Hisp(anorum) Vett(onum) [c(ivium) R(omanorum) tur(ma)] Clem(entis) domfo ...] an(norum) XX stip(endiorum) HIH[....

(Table Fl)

Brecon Gaer B

405 D[is] Man[i]bus Val(eri) Pr[i]mi [Jetf.J fil(i) fejq(uitis) [a]lae NER optfiojnis h(eres) ffaciendum) c(uravit)

475 G(aius) Calventius G(ai) f(ilius) Claudfia tribu) Celer Apro mil(es) leg(ionis) II Ad(iutricis) P(iae) F(idelis) c(enturia) Vibi Clemefntis.......

476 G(aius) luventius G(ai) ffilius) Cla(udia tribu) Capita Apro mil(es) leg(ionis) II Ad(iutricis) P(iae) F(idelis) c(enturia) Mi dementis ann(orum) XL stip(endiorum) [X]VH

477 L(ucius) Terentiufs C]l(audia tribu) Fuscus [AJpro mile[s lejg(ionis) II Ad(iutricis) P(iae) F(idelis) [...

478 G(aio) Valeria Crispo vet(e)rano ex leg(ione) II Ad(iutrice) Pia [Fideli.....

479 Q(uintus) Valerius Q(uinti) f(ilius) Clafudia tribu) Pronto Celea miles leg(ionis) II Ad(iutricis) P(iae) F(idelis) annorum L stipendiorum XXV[....

480 L(ucius) Valerius L(uci) f(ilius) Claudia (tribu) SenecaSavar(ia) [miljes leg(ionis) II Ad(iutricis) [P(iae) F(idelis) ...

481 .......Jinus equejs leg(ionis) II Ad(iutricis) P(iae) F(idelis)c(enturia) Petroni Fidi stipendiorum IXI annorum XXV hie 5e/ml(tu)s est

482 [Voltimjesis Pudens G(ai) fil(ius) Serfgia tribu) Augusta eques leg(ionis) II Ad(iutricis) P(iae) F(idelis) annorum XXXII stipendiorum XIII h(ic) s(itus) es[t]

483 ...................... .leg(ionis) II Ad(iutricis) P(iae) F(idelis)c(enturia) Meti Ferocis annor(um) XXXI stipendiorum XIII heresfaci[endum] curavit

484 [....]mius [..... ]i (filius) [Claujdia (tribu) [.....] Apro [mil(es) l]eg(ionis) II [Ad(iutricis) P(iae)] F(idelis) [....] XX [.....

485 ....... ....leg(ionis) II] Ad(iutricis) P(iae) F(idelis)vix(it) an(nos) XXX stip(endiorum) XIII h(ic) sepelit(us est)

486 S(extus) Epidius L(uci) f(ilius) Tr[o(mentina) Pujdens Aequfo

487 L(ucius) Annius L(uci) ffilius) Tro(mentina tribu) Marcel(lus)

Brecon Gaer ?

Chester

Chester

Chester

488 D(is) Mfanibus) s(acrum) Gabinius Felix miles leg(ionis) II Aug(ustae) Ant(oninianae) fvixjsit an(n)is XXXX h(eres) p(onendum) c(uravit)

Chester

Chester

Chester

Chester

Chester

Chester

Chester

Chester

. Chester

Chester

Chester

CE

DE

CE

CE

D

CE

C

C

DE

m

m

m

m

m

m

m

m

m

m

m

m

m

m

m

m

123

(Funerary inscriptions cont.) (Table Fl)489 D(is) M(anibus) Annif. ....7 Cestifus....] mil(es) leg(ionis) X[X]

V(aleriae) [V(ictricis)] an(norum) X[.]IH[..... Chester C m

490 D(is) M(anibus) M(arcus) Aurelius Alexander)praef(ectus) cast(rorum) leg(ionis) XX [V(aleriae) V(ictricis)]nat(ione) Syrus Osfrfoenus) vijx(it) an(nos) LXXH[...]cf... .. Jyces etS[..... Chester C m

491 D(is) M(anibus) M(arcus) Aur(elius) Nepos c(enturio) leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) coniux pientissima/faciendum) c(uravit) vix(it) annis L Chester CE m

492 D(is) M(anibus) Caecilius Avitus Emer(ita) Aug(usta)optio leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) st(i)p(endiorum) XVvixfit) an(nos)XXXIIH hferes)/faciendum) cfuravit). Chester C m

493 L(ucius) Caiatius L(uci) ffilius) Gal(eria tribu) SextinusLug(duno) mil(es) leg(ionis) XXV(aleriae) V(ictricis) [.... Chester BC m

494 D(is) [M(anibus)] G(aius) Cesftijus Teurnicfus] an(norum) XXX miflesj leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) s[tip(endiorum)] X h(eres) f(aciendum) c(uravit) Chester C m

495 Dis M(anibus) L(ucius) Ecimius Bellicianus Vitalis vet(e)r(anus) leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) hie sep(e)l(itus) Chester BCE m

496 ...] Flor[i]anus [...] mil(es) leg(ionis) X[X V(aleriae) V(ictricis)]an(norum) XXX[....] h(eres)/faciendum) [c(uravit)] Chester C m

497 D(is) M(anibus) Furi Maximi mil(itis) leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae)V(ictricis) sti(pendiorum) XXII h(eres) f(aciendum) c(uravit) Chester B m

498 G(aius) lulius G(ai) f(ilius) Clfaudia tribu) Quartus Cel(eia)mil(es) leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) c(enturia) T(iti) FlaviPro(...) an(norum) XXX st(ipendiorum) VH Rusius Mo[.]N Chester CD m

499 D(is) Mfanibus) G(aius) lul(ius) Sevens eq(ues) leg(ionis)XXV(aleriae) V(ictricis) vixit an(nos) XXXX[.... Chester C m

500 Dfis) Mfanibus) L(ucius) Licinius L(uci) filius) Ter(etina tribu) Valens Are(late) veteran(us) leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) an(norum) VL h(eres) f(ilius? or F repeated in error?,) /(aciendum) c(uravit) h(ic) s(itus) est Chester CE m

501 G(aius) Louesius Papir(ia tribu) Cadarus Emerita mil(es) leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) an(norum) XXV stip(endiorum) IIX Frontinus Aquilo h(eres)/(aciendum) c(uravit) Chester BC m

502 Q(uintus) Postumius Q(uinti) ffilius) Papirfia tribu) [SJolus Emerita mil(es) leg(ionis) XXc(enturia) p(rimi) p(ili) ann(orum) XXXV stip(endiorum) XXI h(ic) s(itus) e(st) Chester C m

503 Dfis) Mfanibus) P(ublio) Rustic Fabia (tribu) Crescen(ti) Brix(ia) mil(iti) leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) an(norum) XXX stip(endiorum) X Groma heres fac(iendum) cur(avit) Chester C m

124

(Funerary inscriptions cont.) (Table Fl)504 D(is) M(anibus) M(arcus) Sextius M(arci) [f(ilius)]

Clau(dia tribu) Bellic[us] Cla(udia) Celeia a[nn]orum XX[..][sti]pend[iorum...] Chester BC m

505 D(is) M(anibus) Titinius Felix b(eneficiarius) leg(ati)leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) mil(itavit) an(nos) XXII (?)vix(it) an(nos) XLVlul(ia) Similina coniux et heres Chester DE m

506 D(is) M(anibus) M(arcus) Vlp(ius) M(arci) f(ilius) Vlpi(a)lanuarius Traia(na) s[t(ipendiorum)] XVIlll an(norum) XXXVII[h(eres)] f(aciendum) [c(uravit)] Chester CE m

507 Coccefiae] Irene conittgi castis[s]ime [e]t sanctisfsjimae vix(it) an(nos) XXX m(ensem) G(aius) Val(erius) Iu[s]tus actar[i]us leg(ionis) XXpfosJuit Chester CE c/m

508 Dis Manibus Q(uintus) Vibius Secundus Annie(n)sis Cremona miles leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) c(enturia) Octaviafni] [.... Chester DE m

509 ..... [eq(uo)]pub(lico) c(enturio) leg(ionum) V Macid(onicae) et VIII Aug(ustae) et II Aug(ustae) etXX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) vixit annis LXI Aristio lib(ertus) h(eres) f(aciendum) c(uravit) Chester DE m

510 [Dis M]an[i]b(us) [.....]stus [...]g(...) sig(nifer) [leg(ionis) XX] V(aleriae) V(ictricis) sti(pendiorum) [....] annor(um) [....] h(eres) c(uravit) Chester ? m

511 ....] Celeia miles leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) anno(rum)XL stip(endiorum) XX h(eres) f(aciendum) c(uravit) Chester BC m

512 ...] Palfatina tribu) [...Jens Oia[...] leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae)V(ictricis) mfilitavit..... Chester CE m

513 [D(is)J M(anibus) [.....jsarco [.... leg(ionis)]XX V(aleriae)V(ictricis) [c(enturia) ...]mi [.... Chester C m

514 ......] leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) ann(orum) [..]!stiptendiorum) XVII h(eres) /(aciendum) c(uravit) Chester BC m

515 ....]sSu[...... l]eg(ionis)XX[..... Chester C m

516 ..... lejg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) [... vijx(it) ann(os) [...]!h(eres)/(aciendum) c(uravit) Chester C m

517 D(is) M(anibus) An(ni) Felicis vet(erani) vix(it) [ajn(nos)LX[X]X[.... Chester C m

518 L(ucius) Antestius L(ucifilius) Sergfia tribu) Sabinus[C]ordub(a) [... Chester C m

519 D(is) Mfanib us) M(arco) Apronio M(arci) f(ilio)Fabia (tribu) [..Jecio [Beryjto [...] S[... Chester B m

520 .. .] G(aius) Attius [......] R[u]fmus [......] afnnjorum [...... Chester D m

521 D(is) M(anibus) Au[re]lius Diogen[es imajginifer [...M... Chester C m

125

(Funerary inscriptions cont.) (Table Fl)522 [D(is)J M(anibus) Aureli Luci equitis

h(eres) f(aciendum) c(uravit) Chester C m

523 D(is) M(anibus) Cecilius Donatus Bessus nationemilitavit annos XXVIvixit annos XXXX Chester CE m

524 L(ucius) Camulius L(uci) f(ilius) Stel(l)atina (tribu)Albanus Taurinus [.... Chester CE m

525 Dis Manibus D(ecimi) Capieni Vrbici Voltinia (tribu) Vienn(a) signiferi stipend(iorum) XXIIII annor(um) XLIIII h(eres) f(aciendum) c(uravit) Chester BC m

526 D(is) M(anibus) Cassius Secundus missus honesta missionevix(it) an(nos) LXXX[...]us con[iugi..... Chester C m

527 D(is) M(anibus) M(arcus) Cluvi(us) M(arcifilius)Anifensi tribu) Valentius Foro Mi [..... Chester BCE m

528 D(is) M(anibus) Q(uintus) Cornelius [.... Chester C m

529 Q(uintus) Cofrneliujs Q(uinti) f(ilius) [.... Chester C m

530 Q(uintus) Cornelius Q(uinti) f(ilius) An[i(ensi tribu) Chester C m

531 Q(uintus) Domitius Q(uinti) f(ilius) Cla(udia tribu)Optatus Viruno [.... Chester C m

532 D(is) \i(anibus) G(ai) Iul(i) Marullini b(ene)f(iciari) tribunivixit annis XXXXV h(eres) f(aciendum) c(uravit) Chester BCE m

533 Q(uintus) lun[ius ...] Novemfber ...] vix(it) an(nos) LXX[...]lul(ius) Libferalis.... Chester C m

534 D(is> [M(anibus)] G(aius) Liciniufs ......] veteranufs .....]vix(it) an(nos) LXXX[...] cura(m) a(gente) AelfioJ Candi[do] Chester CE m

535 Q(uintus) Longinus Fomentina (tribu) Laetus Lucostip(endiorum) XVc(enturia) Cornell Severi [..... Chester BC m

536 D(is) M(anibus)G(ai) Publil[i]Ser(gia tribu) Mi[..... Chester C m

537 D(is) M(anibus) L(ucio) Ffejstinio Probof[i]l(io) vix(it)an(nos) II d(ies) XXVllll L(ucius) Sem(pronius) Probianuspater ffaciendum) c(uravit) Chester C c

538 SextusSextifilius Fab(ia tribu) BrixfiaJ Similf.... Chester C m

539 D(is) [M(anibus)] G(aius) Valerius...] mil(es) Ifeg(ionis) .....]c(enturia) Postufmi.......J Galerifa (tribu) ....] an[n(orum) ...]st(i)pen[d(iorum) ..... Chester CE m

540 D(is) Manibus) G(ai) Valeri G(aifili) C[la]u(dia tribu)mild)t(is) [..... Chester CE m

541 M(arcus) Valer(ius) M(arci) f(ilius) Claudfia tribu) Martialis [.. Chester C m

126

(Funerary inscriptions cont.)542 Dis Man(ibus) L(ucius) Valerius L(ucifilius) [S]ala[r]ia

Pud[.....] Ill [...

543

544

545

546

547

554

555

557

558

559

560

561

562

563

(a) Voconia Nigrina (b) G(aius) Val(erius) Victor

....] opt[i]onis adspem ordinis c(enturia) Lucili Ingenui qui naufragio peril s(itus) e(st)

,,,,,]missici [...]ua b(eneficiari) tr(ibuni) [mil(itavit) ann(os)] XXIII vixit [ann(os) XXXX]V

Chester

Chester

Chester

(Table Fl)

C

C

Chester

... J G(ai) f(ilius) Cla(udia tribu) [....]s Sav(aria) [.....]XXX[.. Chester

.....Jim [..... Claudija Sava[ria .......... annojs XXXX[stipe]ndiorum [...]XX[..... Chester

[D(is)] M(anibus) [.... Tijberi [.....] vix(it) an(nos) LXXex testamenjto Tiberia h(eres) f(aciendum) c(uravit) Chester

.....] h[i]c fijn suo est sepultus Chester

....] an(norum) XXVI turma VILIXfraterfec(it) Chester

D(is) M(anibus) Fl(avi) Callimorphi vix(it) an(n)i(s) XXXX1Iet Serapioni vix(it) ann(is) III m(ensibus) VIThesaeus fratri et filio ffaciendum) c(uravit) Chester

D(is) M(anibus) Etacontio liberto bene merenti G(aius) Asurius Fortifs] pair onus eius posuit Chester

Dis Manibus Atil[i]ane fajn(norum) I At[i]lianus an(norum) X Protus an(norum) XII Pompeius Optatus dominus /faciendum) c(uravit)

Hermagor[as] et Felicissfimus] fr[atre]s Pom[.....

D(is) M(anibus) Curatia Dinysia vix(it) an(nos) XXXX h(eres) f(aciendum) c(uravit)

D(is) M(anibus) Fesione Severiane vixit ann(os) XXV SI[..]O[..]II f.JNIf... c]o[niugi]carfissimae]

564 Domit(ia) [Sa]turni[n]a vix(it) fajnn(os) XLI

565 D(is) M(anibus) Flavia Saturnina [.....

566 D(is) M(anibus) Restitae v(ixit) an(nos) VII et Martiae v(ixit) an(nos) III [p]ar[e]ntes [....

568 D(is) M(anibus) [?Ge]mina [....

569 [D(is)J M(anibus) PR IMAE NA [....]cus cu(rante) [I]ul(io) Secund(o) he(rede)

Chester

Chester

Chester

Chester

Chester

Chester

Chester

Chester

Chester

C

C

C

C

CE

CE

CE

C

BE

CE

C

C

C

C

m

m

m

m

m

m?

m

127

(Funerary inscriptions cont.) (Table Fl)594 His terris tegitur Ael(ia) Matrona quond(am) vix(it)

an(nos) XXVIII m(enses) II d(ies) VIII et M(arcus) lul(ius)Maximus fil(ius) vix(it) an(nos) VI m(enses) III d(ies) XXet Campania Dub[i]tata<e> mater vix(it) an(nos) L;lul(ius) Maximus s(ingularis) c(onsularis) alae Sar(matarum)coniux coniugi incomparabili etfilio patri p[i]entissimoet socaere tenacissime memoria(m) p(osuit) Ribchester ?E c/m

595 D(is) M(anibus) [..... dejc(urio) al(ae) Sarmatafrum .... Ribchester ? m

596 [Egjnatia [.....] curam eg fit Jlis dec(urio) filius Ribchester D c

606 Dis Manibus L(ucius) lul(ius) Apollinaris Treveran(norum) XXXeq(ues) alae Aug(ustae) h(ic) s(itus) e(st) Lancaster ? m

612 D(is) M(anibus) s(acrum) et perpetue securitati Aur(eli) Pus[i]nni civ[is ..... vix(it)] an(nos) L1III miliftavit an(nos)] XXXVI Aur(eliae)Eubiae confiugisj eiius vix(it) an(nos) XXXVII Aur(elius) Pr[o]p[inquusfjil(ius) karissim(us) Overborough ? m

619 Dis M(anibus) Cintusmus m(iles) coh(ortis) 1111 Gallorumpo(suit) Melisus Templebrough C m

620 Dis Manibus Croto Vindicis (fdio) emerito coh(ortis) IIIIGallorum annorum XXXX monimentum fecit Flavia Peregrinaconiunx pientissima marito pientissimo titulum posuit Templebrough CE m

621 Dis M(anibus) Verecu(n)d(a) Rufi (fi)lia cives Dobunna annor(um) XXXV Excingus coniux coniugi karissima[e] pos(u)it de suo Tenplebrough CE c/m

632 D(is) M(anibus) s(acrum) Candiediniae Fortuna[tae]piav(ixit) a(nnos) X[... Adel, Yorks. ? c

633 ..... conjiugipientiss(imae) (orpientissimo)h(ic) s(ita) (or situs) e(st) Adel ? ?

638 D(is) M(anibus) Pude[ntis] tesser(ari) [mil(itis)]leg(ionis) II A[ug(ustae)] Ilkley C m

639 Dis [M]anibus Ved[.]ic[... ..Jriconisfilia annorum XXXc(ivis) Cornovia) h(ic) s(ita) e(st) Ilkley C c

670 D(is) M(anibus) Aur(elio) Supero cent(urioni) leg(ionis) VI qui vixit an(n)is XXXVIII m(ensibus) IIII d(iebus) XIII Aurelia Censorina co(n)iunx memoriam possuit York CE m

671 D(is) M(anibus) L(ucius) Bebius Aug(usta) CrescensVin(delicum) mil(es) leg(ionis) VI Vic(tricis) P(iae) F(idelis)an(norum) XLIH stip(endiorum) XXIIIh(eres) a (se)? f(aciendum) c(uravit) York BC m

672 Memoriae [...Jo Bassaei luli [et Fejlicisflli sui [djulcissifmi] York C ?

673 L(ucius) Duccius L(ucifdius) Voltfinia tribu) Rufinus Vien(na)signifler) leg(ionis) VIIH an(norum) XXIIX h(ic) s(itus) e(st) York BC m

128

(Funerary inscriptions cont.) (Table Fl)674 D(is) M(anibus) Flfajvi Bellatoris dec(urionis) col(oniae)

Eboracens(is) vixit annisXXVllllmensibfus...... J III [...]II [... York CE c

675 D(is) M(anibus) T(iti) Fl(avi) Flavini c(entuhonis) leg(ionis) VIG(aius) Classicius Aprilis heres priusquam obiret fieri iussit York CE m

676 M(iae) Secun[d]ae [...]ae Vocc[..... York C c

677 Mem(oriae) [V]al(eri) Theodoriani [N]oment(ani) vixit an(nos) XXXV m(enses) VI Emi(lia) Theodora mater (h)e(res) c(uravit) York BCE c

678 M(arcus) Verec(undius) Diogenes sevir col(oniae) Ebor(acensis) idemq(ue) Mor(inorum) fejt cives Biturix Cubus haec sibi vivus fecit York ?E c

679 [D(is)] M(anibus) [.. .Jlius [.. fll(ius)] Cresces [.. Ja vet(eranus)leg(ionis) VlVic(tricis) Ca[...] Pri[....]etV[..... York C m

680 [G(aio) ...Jo G(ai)fil(io) [Cl(audia tribu) ...NJovaria [... leg(ionis) I]XHisp(anae) here[des et lib(erti)] patrono [bene merjentifecerunt York BC m

681 Hyllo alumno carissimfo] [...... York BC c

682 Aeliae Aelianae vix(it) ann(os) [..... York B c

683 D(is) M(anibus) Ael(ie) Severe honeste femine coniugi Caec(ili) Rufi quond(am) v(ixit) an(nos) XXVII m(enses) VIHI d(ies) IIII Caec(ilius) Musicus lib(ertus) e[i]us p(osuit) York CE m

684 [D(is)] M(anibus) Corellia Optata an(norum) XIII Secreti Manes qui regna Acherusia Ditis incolitis, quos parva petunt post lumina vite exiguis cinis et simulacrum corpo(r)is umbra, insontis gnate genitor spe captus iniqua supremum hunc note miserandus defleofmem Q(uintus) Core(llius) Fortis pat(er) f(aciendum) c(uravit) York CE c

685 D(is) M(anibus) Flaviae Augustinae vixit an(nos) XXXVIIIIm(enses) VIId(ies) XI filius Saenius Aug(u)stinus vixit an(num) Id(ies) III [...]a vixit annum I m(enses) VIHI d(ies) VG(aius) Aeresius Saenus vet(eranus) leg(ionis) VI Vic(tricis)coniugi carifsjimae et sibi/(aciendum) c(uravit) York CE c/m

686 D(is) M(anibus) lulie Brice an(norum) XXXI Sepronie Marlinean(norum) VI Sepronius Martinus f(aciendum) c(uravit) York CE c

687 lul(iae) Fortunate domo Sardinia Verec(undio) Diogenifida coniuncta marito York BCE c

688 D(is) M(anibus) lulie Velve pientissime vixit an(nos) L Aurel(ius) Mercurial is her(es) faciundum curavit vivus sibi et suis fecit York BE c

129

(Funerary inscriptions cont.) (Table Fl)689 D(is) M(anibus) Mantinifaje Maericae et Candidae eius

matri Baritae M(arcus) Aur[i]nius Simn[us] titulum pos(u)it York BCE c

690 D(is) M(anibus) Simpliciae Florentine anime innocentissime que vixit menses decem Felicias Simplex c(enturio) pater fecit leg(ionis) VI V(ictricis) York BCE c/m

691 D(is) M(anibus) V[l]piae Felicissimae q[u]ae vixitannis X[X]IH menses XI dies [...] p[osueru]nt Vlpius Felixet [...] Andronica [paren]tes York CE c

692 D(is) M(anibus) Deciminae DecimifiliafeJ York B c

693 .....] coniugipiissimaef(ecit) co(niunx)s(it) t(ibi) t(erra) l(evis) York C c

694 D(is) M(anibus) Minne [... York ?E c

695 D(is) M(anibus) Eglectae an(norum) XXX h(ic) s(itae) sec(us) Crescentem f(ilium) an(norum) III Anto(nius) Step(h)an(us) coniugi/(aciendum) c(uravit) York CE c

696 [.... Jfil(io) v(ixit) an(nos) XIII Vitellia Procula materp(ro) p(arte) e(res) A(ve) M(aria) added in medieval times York CE c

710 D(is) M(anibus) Felicule co(n)iugi karis(sime)G(aius) M(...) P(...)/faciendum) cur(avit) Aldborough DE c

714 D(is) M(anibus) Aur(elius) Macrinus ex eq(uite) sing(ulari)vfixit...] Malton ? m

720 Titia Pinta vixit ann(os) XXXVIII et Val(erio) Adiutori vixitann(os) XX et Varialo vixit ann(os) XV Val(erius) Vindicianusconiugi etfili(i)sf(aciendum) c(uravit) Easiness, Yorks ? c

748 D(is) [M(anibus)] A urelius Romu[.. Jus emeritus[e]x dec(urione) vixit annis LX Greta Bridge ?E m

749 ... VICI... A ureliae Rom [ana et] Sabin[a] filiepatri pientissimo et rarissimofac[ie]nd[u]m cur(averunt)MRICARINMORRFMPIA Greta Bridge ?E m?

750 D(is) M(anibus) s(acrum) Salvia Donata vixsit an(nos) VIIIm(ensem) I Greta Bridge ?E c

751 D(is) M(anibus) s(acrum) ...Maternus vixit Greta Bridge ? m?

754 [D(is) M(anibus) s(acrum)] P(ublius) Ael(ius) P(ubli) ffilius)Sergfia tribu) Bassfus Mursa] q(uon)d(am) c(enturio) leg(ionis)XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) vix(it) an[n(os) ... ,...]s et Privatuslib(erti) et her(edes) [per Ael(ium) Surinjum c(enturionem)leg(ionis) VI Vic(tricis) /(aciendum) c(uraverunt) si qfuis in hoc]sepulc(rum) alium mortfuum intuljerit infer(at) f(isco) D(ominorum)N(ostrorum) [.....] ins(tante) Ael(io) Surino [.... Watercrook BC m

130

(Funerary inscriptions cont.) (Table Fl)758 In Greek: Let some traveller, on seeing Hermes of Commagene,

aged sixteen years, sheltered in the tomb by fate, call out: 'I give you my greetings lad, though mortal the path of life you slowly tread, for swiftly have you winged your way to the land of the Cimmerian folk.' Nor will your words be false, for the lad is good, and you will do him a good service. Brough-under-Stainmore C

768 D(is) M(anibus) G(ai) Attofni.....

769 ....... filia Cresc(entis) imag(i)nif(e)ri

784 ....] Annamorispater et Ressona mater f(aciendum) c(uraverunt)

Kirkby Thore BC

Kirkby Thore BC

Brougham C

785 D(is) M(anibits) Crescentinus vixit annis XVIII Vidaris pater posuit

786 Plum[ae] Lunaris titulo pos(uit) coniugi caris(s)im(ae)

787 D(is) C? M(anibus) Tittus M[...] vixit ann[is pljus minus XXXII M[...] frater tiftjulum [posuijt

804 D(is) M(anibus) Smert[ri]o Mac[rif(ilio)] m(iliti)coh(ortis) I[I][T]hrac[um] [ejq(uitatae) stip(endiorum) X

Brougham

Brougham

Brougham

CE

CE

CE

m?

c/m

c?

857

858

859

860

861

862

863

864

865

866

867

Qfl6

vicsit [an(nos)] XXXV d(ies) V

D(is) M(anibus) s(acrum) Ael(i) Sacas[...] an(norum) [..]

Dis Ma(nibus) [I]ul(ius) Marinus ordin[atu]s vixit an(n)is XXXX m(ensibus) ![.] [d(iebus)] XX Maritifma? pjosuit

Dis \Ianibu[s] Virei Pau[li or Paul(ini)

Dfis) M(anibus) Ingenui an(norum) X lul(ius) Simplex pater f faciendum) c(uravit)

D(isj M(anibus) Moriregis filiis heredes eius substitu(ti) [f]e[ce]runt vix(it) a(nnos) LXX

Rianorix vixit annos [.....]

[SJpurcio vixxit annos LX[I]

] fil(ius) Ser[g... .....Jquina natfus in] Galatia idea[occujbuit Galat[ia vijxit ann(os) X[...] moriturfus ....] desider[avitpat]ris in tufmulo ...]NI[..]TVM[..

hie exsegerefata [.... ..... Jenus SC Gerrmaf. .. .....Js REG vix(it) an(nos) f... ..... Js vix(it) an(nos) [... .....vjix(it) [....

DfisJ M(anibus) lul(ia) Martina vix(it) an(nos) XII

(menses) III d(ies) XXII

D(is) M(anibus) Luca vix(it) annis XX

D/,c) M(nnihus) Amatius Ingenuus annorum LX tumulum [...

Moresby

Maryport

Maryport

Maryport

Maryport

Maryport

Maryport

Maryport

Maryport

Maryport

Maryport

Marypot

.. Old Carlisle

7

CD

DE

BC

7

7

D

D

C

7

CE

?E

C

m

m?

m

m?

c

c

c

c

m?

m?

c

c

m?

131

(Funerary inscriptions cont.)907 D(is) M(anibus) Mae[lo]nius Secundus equi[s]

ale Aug(ustae) sesq(uiplicarius)

(Table Fl)

908

909

912

Tancorix mulier vigsit annos segsaginta

an(n) XXXXIVIBOVONfil(ius) AEIMLN1MLIXISAVR SEITVAHLTTMA VR1 coniuxponendum fcjuraverunt

Old Carlisle

Old Carlisle

Old Carlisle

.....] vix(it) an(nos) H[XX.. coiux eiusf[ac(iendum) cjuravit) Old Carlisle

931 D(is) M(anibus) Aurelius vixit annis XI Avo pater pientissimus tarn sibi quam etfilio suo posuit

932 Dis Manib(us) M(arci) Coccei Nonni annor(um) VI hie situs est

933 D(is) M(anibus) Fl(avio) Martio sen(atori) in c(ivitate) Carvetior(um) questorio vixit an(nos) XXXXV Martiola filia et heres ponenfdum] curavit

Old Penrith

Old Penrith

Old Penrith

934 D(is) M(anibus) Crotilo Germanus vix(it) anis XXVI

935 .....]gaduno Vlp(ia) Trai(ana) em(erito) al(ae) Petr(ianae) Martius f(ilius) p(onendum) c(uravit)

936 D(is) M(anibus) Aicetuos mater vixit a(nnos) XXXXV et Lattio filia vix(it) a(nnos) XII Limisius coniu(gi) etfiliae pientissi[mis] posuit

937 D(is) M(anibus) Ylae alumni karissimi vixiftj an(nos) XIII Cl(audius) Severus trib(unus) milit(um)

955 D(is) \Uanibus) Fla(viu)a Antigon(u)s Papias civis Grecus vixit annos plus minus LX quern admodum accomodatam fatis animam revocavit Septimia Do[......

958 D(is) M(anibus) An(n)i(ae) Lucilie vix(it) an(nos) LV

959 D(is) M(anibus) Aur(elia) Aurelia(na) vixsit annosXXXXI Vlpius Apolinaris coniugi carissime posuit

960 [D(is>] M(anibus) Aur(elia) Senecita v(ixit) an(nos) [.]XX lul(ius) Fortufnatus....

961 Dis (\tanibus) Vacia infans an(norum) III

1026 [D(isj] M(anibus) [... GJracili fordjinato [Ger]man(ia) Super (lore) [lejg(ione) XXII Aurelia [...Jilla coniugi faciendum curavit

1062 Dfisj M(anibus) s(acrum) Au[...]dus vixfitj anno(s) VIIII menses VIIII L(ucius) Arruntius Salvianus filio bfene merenti) piissimo

CDE m

DE c

?E ?

CE ?

CE c

BC c

?E c

Greca vix(it) anis IIII Vindicianus fra[ter] titulum pos(uit) Old Penrith ?E m?

Old Penrith ? m

Old Penrith ? c

Old Penrith CE c/m

Carlisle C c

Carlisle CE c

Carlisle CE c

Carlisle C c

Carlisle C c

Piercebridge C m

South Shields CD c

132

(Funerary inscriptions cont.) (Table Fl)1064 D(is) M(anibus) Victoris natione Maurum [ajnnorum XX

libertus Numeriani [e]q(u)itis ala(e) I Asturum qui piantissimepr[ose]qu(u)tus est South Shields BCE

1065 D(is) M(anibus) Regina liberta et coniuge Barates Palmyrenus natione Catvallauna an(norum) XXX.

\ 171 [D(is)J M(anibus) [?Ba]rathes Palmorenus vexil(l)a(rius) vixit an(n)os LXVlll

1172 Dis Manibus Flavins eq(ues) alae Petr(ianae) signifer tur(ma) Candidi an(norum) XXV stip(endiorum) Vll h(ic) s(itus est)

1173 D(is) [M(anibus)] [I]ul(io) Ca[ndi]do Da[..] h(eres)/faciendum) [c(uravit)]

1174 D(is) M(anibus) lul(ius) Primus con[iu]gi c(arissimae) p(onendum) c(uravit)

South Shields BCE c

Corbridge BCE c?

Corbridge

Corbridge

Corbridge

1175 L(ucio) Val(erio) Ius[t]o mil(iti) leg(ionis) VI Egn(atius) Dyonisiuset Sur(ius) Ius[t]us her(edes) f(aciendum) c(uraverunt) Corbridge

1177 D(is) M(anibus) miles leg(ionis) IIAug(ustae) [...... Corbridge

1178 ..... emjeritfo ex e]q(uite) alae [...... Jae Corbridge

1180 D(is) M(anibus) Ahtehefil(iae) Nobilis vixit an(n)is V Corbridge

1181 D(is) M(anibus) Sudrenus Ertole nomine Vellibiafelicissime vixit an(n)is //// diebus LX Corbridge

1182 lulia Mate[r]na an(norum) VI lul(ius) Marcellinus filiae carissimae

1246 D(is) Mlanibus) Aemilianus annorum X

1247 ...] lul(ius) Victor sig(nifer) vix(it) an(nos) LV

1248 D(is) M(anibus) Satriits Honoratus vixit annis Vme(n)sibus VIII Risingham

1249 ...../ mil(es) coh(ortis) Hit Gal(lorum) sti(pendiorum) XlllIdef(unctus [vixjsit an(n) is XXXXllll Risingham

1250 D(is) M(anibus) s(acrum) Aur(eliae) Lupule matripiissimeDionysius Fortunatusfilius s(it) t(ibi) t(erra) l(evis) Risingham

1251 D(is) M(anibus) s(acrum) Aur(elia) Quartilla vix(it) annis XIII m(ensibus) IV? d(iebus) XXII Aur(elius) Quart'inus posuitfiliae suae

1252 D(is) [Mlanibus)] luliona [... Jnifilia vixit annfojs XVI m(enses) XI di[es] XIHI

Risingham

Risingham

C

C

CE

DE

CE

DE

BCE

BE

m

m

m

m

Corbridge

Risingham

Risingham

C

C

C

c

c

m

m

133

(Funerary inscriptions cont.)1253 ..... Flamjinii [.. Jnsae [.....]ae dominar[is....sejmper geli[dis

... .Jte pruini[s] [.....] qui sibfij [... JIIIAS [...... .]FICTN1[..... .Jvefrag[... ...] tibipro [......] RCEpro [....] Flaminius O[......Jeprofund[...... ljucem volufit ...Jdere vitae

(Table Fl)

1254 D(is) M(anibus) Blescius Diovicusfiliae suae vixsit^an(n)um I et die(s) XXI

1255 .... .Js decep[tus ...] ann(orum) XXII[a(nte) d(iem) ....]K(alendas) lun(ias) [.... inte]re[u]it im[p(eratore) Probjo it(erum) co(n)s(ule) [h(eres)]/(aciendum) c(uravit) [A]ure[l]ius Vict[or] avunculu[s]

1256 ....Juius [....]rulus dul[cissimusparejntibus suis:[ille cum per valjetudinem sit [impeditus nat(urae)] ord(ine) filio [heres est ] substit(ut)us

1258 ...Jfilia Co[..]erani vi[x(it)] anno[s]XV 11 [I] s(it) t(ibi) t(erra) l(evis)

Risingham

Risingham

Risingham

Risingham

Risingham

DE

DE

1288 ...JSf......HU....I..H...II. [..] coh(ortis) I Vardul(lorum)[... ...praef(ecto)] coh(ortis) IAug(ustae) Lusitanor(um)item coh(ortis) I Breucor(um) subcur(atori) viae Flaminiaeet aliment(orum) subcur(atori) operum pub(licorum) lulia Lucillac(larissima) f(emina) marito b(ene) m(erenti)vix(it) an(nos) XL VIII m(enses) VI d(ies) XXV High Rochester C

1289 D(is) M(anibus) [s(acrum)] Aureli Ex[....]im[i] c(enturionis) coh(ortis) I Da[lm(alarum)] or Da[cor(um)]

1290 D(is) M(anibus) Felicio(nis) liberti vixit annis XX

1291 D(is) M(anibus) Hermagora alumno Honoratus trib(unus)

1292 D(is) M(anibus) G(aius) lul(ius) [G(ai) f(ilius)] Fl(avia) Ingen[uus) ....] mi[l(es) leg(ionis) VI V(ictricis) [P(iae)] F(idelis)

1293 D(is) M(anibus) Ro[.....] Mf.....J vixit [ann(os)]XXXVHI

High Rochester C

High Rochester CE

High Rochester C

High Rochester ?

High Rochester C

1350 D(is) M(anibus) s(acrum) D(ecimus) lulius Q(uinti) f(ilius)Candidas cfo)ho(rtis) p(rimae) Vangionum a(nnorum) XXXX Benwell CE

1433 .. . Jrmat f..... civ] is Nor id an(norum) XXX [Mjessorius Magnus [fjrater eius dupl(icarius) alae Sabinianae [/(aciendum)] c(uravit)

1435 D(is) M(anibus) Aurelia[e] Victor[i]nae Aurel(ius) [Vic]tor p[ater]fi[liae]

1436 [D(is) M(anibus) ....] Hardalionis (servo)collegium conser(vorum) b(ene) m(erenti) p(osuit)

1480 D(is) M(anibus) Aventino curatori alae II Astur(um) stip(endiorum) XV Ael(ius) Gemellus dec(urio) h(eres)/(aciendum) c(uravit)

m?

m

m

m

CY

m

Halton Chesters BCE m

Halton Chesters C

Halton Chesters CD

Chesters m

134

(Funerary inscriptions cont.) (Table Fl)

1481 [D(is) M(cmibus)] M(arcus) Aurelius Vic[t]or vixit an(nos) L Chesters ?

1482 D(is) M(anibus) s(acrum) Fabie Honorate Fabius Honoratus tribun(us) coh(ortis) I Vangion(um) et Amelia E[g]lec[t]iane fecerunt filie dulcissime Chesters CE

1483 D(is) M(anibus) Vrse sorori lulie coniugi Canionifilio[Ljurio Germ(anus) Chesters ?E

1558 Jpaudi Refgjulo vixit [annijs XXX1IIIet [..Jatencte [conjiugipie vix(it) an(n)isXXX[et ...Jianefil(iae) eorum vixit d(iebus) [... ...Jfilio eorum[...Judivaitifil(io) [... JPAHICE [...,. Carrawburgh CE

1559 D(is) M(anibus) [s(acrum)] Longinfni.... ] buc(inatoris)cfoh(ortis) IBat(avorum....... Carawburgh BC

1560 [D(is)J M(anibm) [.. .]s Mileni (filius) [signijferocohor(tis) IBatfavorum... Carrawburgh BC

1561 D(is) M(anibus) Ael(iae) Comindo annorum XXXIINobilianus dec(urio) coniugi car[i]ss[i]m(ae) p(osuit) Carrawburgh BC

1562 [.... coh(ortis)] IBat(avorum) [...et] Hilario heredesf(aciendum) c(uraverunt) Carrawburgh C

1618 D(is) M(anibus) Anicio Ingenuo medico ord(inario)coh(ortis) I Tungr(orum) vix(it) an(nos) XXV Housesteads BC

1619 D(is) Mlanibus) Hurmio Leubasni (fllio) mil(iti) coh(ortis) I Tungror(um) b(ene)f(iciario) praef(ecti) Ca[l]pur[ni]us (?) her(es) f(aciendum) c(uravit) Housesteads ?

1620 D(is) M(anibus) ...P... ...ANL.MPR.E. ..Jenioni Venocari (filio)Simili Daili (filio) Mansuetio Senicionis (fllio) Grata Fersionis (filio) Romulo Alimahi (filio) Pervince Quartionis (filiae) heres procuravit Delfmus Rautionis (filius) ex G(ermania) S(uperiore) Housesteads CE

1621 Au[...] \teni[...] filiae [.. Jni conifugi] M(arcus) Aurel(ius)C[...] vicxit a[nnos] XXXVII Housesteads CE

1622 ...Julius heres vixi(t) an(n)osXXX Housesteads Ce

1667 D(is) Mlanibus) [s(acrum)] Dagvalda m[i]l(es) [coh(ortis) I] Pan(noniorum) vixit an(nos) [.....] Pusinna [coniujx titulu[m pos(uit)] Hadrian's Wall (Cawfields) C

1713 D(is) M(anibus) Corn(elius) Victor s(ingularis) c(onsularis) mil(itavit) ann(os) XXVI civ (is) Pann(onius) fil(ius) Saturnini p(rimi) p(ilaris) vix(it) an(nos) L V d(ies) XI coniux procuravi(t) Vindolanda CE

1714 D(is) M(anibus) Ingenui vixit annis XXIIII memses //// et dies VII

1715 D(is) [M(anibus)] A urelfia .. Jia vixit [an]nos XX

filiafej Aur(elius) Luc[....

Vindolanda

Vindolanda

DE

m

c/m

m

m

m

m

m

m

m

c?

135

(Funerary inscriptions cont.)1716 D(is) M(anibus) Fla(via) Emerit(a) Fl(avius) Inf....] n[....

1722 Brigomaglos [hi]c iacit [..... Jcus

1742 D(is) M(anibus) Ael(io) Mercuriali cornicul(ario) Vacia soror fecit

(Table Fl)Vindolanda C

Vindolanda DE

Great Chesters ?

1743 Dis Manib(us) L(ucius) Novell(ius) Lanuccus c(ivis) R(omanus)an(norum) LXXNovel(lia) lustina fil(ia) [f(aciendum)] c(uravit) Great Chesters BC

1745 D(is) M(anibus) Aureliae Caula[e] Aur[e]lia S[...]illa [sjorori [cajrissime vixit an(nos) XV m(en)s(es) llll

1746 D(is) M(anibus) s(acrum) Nigrinae v[i]x(it) a(nnos) XXXX [AJur(elius) Casitto c(enturio) Ifejg(ionis) [VI Vic(tricis)] P(iae) F(idelis) cfuravitj

1747 Dis M(anibus) Pervicae filiae

Great Chesters CE

Great Chesters ?

Great Chesters DE

1826 G(aius) Valerius G(aifilins) Vol(tinia tribu) Mlus Vian(na)mil(es) leg(ionis) XX V(aleriae) V(ictricis) Carvoran

1828 D(is) M(anibus) Aur(eliae) T(iti) f(iliae) Aiae d(omo) SalonasAur(elius) Marcus c(enturia) Obseq(uentis) coniugi sanctissimae quae vixit annis XXXIII sine ulla macula Carvoran

1829 D(is) M(anibus) Aur(elia) [...]VBEOVC[...]MA vixfitj ann(os) [...]Aur(elia) Pufsinjna so[r(ori)J pienftisjsime et di[lectissime] Carvoran

1830 D(is) M(anibus) Lifana B[.. Jcifilia vfixjit ann(os) [...] L(ucius) Senofvajlus av[un]culus [fejcit

1831 ..... [an(norum) ..]XXIAurel(ia) [.....] mater ff(iliae) cajrissime p[os(uit)

1871 [D(is)J M(anibus) A[... SJerenus [vix(it) anjn(is) II me(nsibus) II d(iebus) III

Carvoran

Carvoran

CE

?E

C

?E

Hadrian's Wall CD

1919 D(is) M(anibus) Aureli Concordivixit ann(um) unum d(ies) Vfil(ius) Aurel(i) luliani trib(uni) Birdoswald

1920 D(is) [M(anibus)] Decibafl. vix(it)] dieb[us ...] et Blaefs. vix]s[i]t a(nnis) X Et[.. .]usfrat[er....

1921 ... Jspa Septimo vifxijt ann(os) XXXX mil(itavit) XVIII coh(orte) I Aelia Dacorum h(eres) f(aciendum) c(uravit)

2003 D(is) M(anibus) Gemelli c(ustodis) a(rmorum)Fl(avius) Hilario c(enturio) h(eres)/(aciendum) c(uravit)

2004 [D(is)] M(anibus) [.... Jis ex [.... vjix(it) an(nis) [... diejb(us) lllll[....] Aur(elia) [..... coniujx

2006 ... [SOPHf. ..... cjoniugisafnctissimjae et[....

Birdoswald

Birdoswald

Castlesreads

Castlesreads

Castlesreads

D

BCE

C

C

7

m

m?

c/m

m

c/m

c/m

m

m

m/

136

(Funerary inscriptions cont.)2029 Dis Manibus Marci Troiani Augustini tit(ul)um faciendum

curavit Ael(ia) Ammillusima coniux kariss(ima) Stanwix

2030 [D]i[s] Manibus [...

2046 [...] lul(ius) Pi[i.... .Jtinus cives Dacus

(Table Fl)

CE

Stanwix C

Burgh-by-Sands ?

2115 D(is) M(anibus) Afutiano Bassi (filio) ordinato coh(ortis) IITung(rorum) Flavia Baetica coniunx fac(iendum) curavit Birrens C

2142 Dis M(anibus) Nectovelius f(ilius) Vindicis an(norum) LXXX stip(endiorum) Vllll nationis Brigans militavit in coh(orte) II Thr(acum) Mumrills C

2181 D(is) M(anibus) Fla(vius) Lucianus miles leg(ionis) II Aug(ustae) Auchendavy C

m?

m

m

m

m

m

2182 D(is) M(anibus) Salmanes vixit an(nos) XV Salmanes posuit Auchendavy D c

2183 D(is) M(anibus) Verecundae Auchendavy

2213 Dis Manibus Ammonius Damionis (filius)c(enturio) coh(ortis) I Hispanorum stipendiorum XXVII heredes ffaciendum) c(uraverunt) Ardoch m

JRSxlvii 1957 227no. 8 D(is) M(anibus) et maemoriae luliae Victorine

quae vixit annos XXVllll menses II dies XV et Constantio qui vixit annos IIII dies XXI menses XI Septimius Lupianus c(enturio) ex evoc(ato) coniugi etf[i]lio memoriam possuit York (sarcophagus) BCE C/m

lii 1962 190/194no. 1 Dis Manibus G(ai) Pomponi G(ai) f(ili) Valentis Victricensfis]

[b(ene)f(iciarii)] t[r]ib(uni) le[g(ionis) ..... London m

no. 21 D(is) M(anibus) s(acrum) G(aius) Cossutius Saturninus [Hijppone Regio m[il(es) leg(ionis) VI Vic(tricis)] P(iae) F(idelis) Birdoswald m

liii 1963 160no. 4 D(is) B(onis?) M(anibus) Fla(vius) Fuscinus eme(ritus)

ex ordi(nato) visi(t) an(n)is LV;D(is) B(onis?) M(anibus) Fla(vius) Romanus act(arius)vixit anni(s) XXXV in cas(tris) inte(rfectus) ab hosti(bus) Ambleside m

no. 6 D(is) I(nferis) M(anibus) Apullio vix(it) an(nos) XXXVSabina v(ixit) an(nos) XVII Huctia v(ixit) an(nos) XLII Papcastle c?

Iv 1965 221-2no. 4 in hispraed[(i)is] (.......)

Aure(liae) Con[ce]ssae sanfctisjsimaepufellae] Branston, Lines. c

137

(Funerary inscriptions cont.) (Table Fl)

JRS Iv 1965 221-2no. 9 D(is) M(anibus) Mamma Vict(oris) f(ilia) Baib(ius) Duianus

coniugi sanctissim(ae) quae vixit an(nos) XXllll Carvoran c

Ivii 1967 204no. 8 D(is) M(anibus) et memoriae Similiniae Verae

Fl(avius) Italicus coniugi kar(issimae) f(aciendum) c(uravit) Catterick C c

no. 14 D(is) M(anibus) .......]TOTIRllL[..?c]on[iugi? iunx?pie?Jntissfim.?J[...........]. M[.........]ius [m]i[l]i[tavit?] in coh(orte) HI NferviorumJlul(ius) Senecianus ponendum pro condicione loci curavit Maryport m

Iviii 1968 206-208no. 6 Cunorix macus Maqui Coline Wroxeter DE c

no. 15 D(is) [M(anibus) ?] et memoriae Nittiunis vixit annos XXXXet menses VI f.Jtalio coniunx titulum ponendum curfajvit Brougham c

Britanniai 1970 307-8no. 10 ....]MATVNAC[...... Caerleon ?

no. 14 D(is) M(anibus) [A]nt(oni) Gargiliani equ(o?) publ(ico?)e[xpr]a[e]f(ecto) leg(ionis) Vlv(ixit) an(nos) LVIm(enses) VICla(udius) Florentinus dec(urio) gener eius York B rn/c

ii 1971 292no. 14 Sucabo Cunovindus Northumberland DE c

iii 1972 352no. 2 D(is) M(anibus) Aurelius Igennus vix(it) annis VI

exfacto 9) me(n)seXAurelius Euticianuspar(ens) possu(i)t Cirencester CE c

no. 3 D(is) M(anibus) Nemmoni Verecundi vix(it) an(nos) LXXVh(eres) p(osuit) Cirencester BC c

no. 4 D(is) M(anibus) [Lujcius) Petronius vix(it) annos XXXXComitinu[s] possfuit] Cirencester CE c

v 1974 461-2no. 1 ......7 VLM[. ..... 7 annor[um h(ic)?] s[(itus) e(st) ?

cjurafm) afg(ente) ....]ulac[oniu(ge)] Cirencester BC c/

no. 6 Vitalis [D(is)J M(anibus) [titulum posu[erunt]Virilis eft...........]s vi[vi sibi et....... Jvos Halton Chesters D c

viii 1977429no. 15 [D(is) M(anibus)] Valeri Ver[ec]undi vet(erani) leg(ionis)

II Aug(ustae) vix(it) an(nos) LXXOnerata con(iunx)/faciendum) [c(uravit)] Caerleon m

xii 1981 369no. 4 Cup(itius) Vep[...... djecessit annoXXXV1III

Tusco et Basso co(n)s(ulibus) (ante diem) vii K(alendas) Septemb(res)(dated 26th August A.D. 258) Tarrant Hinton, Hants. BC c?

138

(Funerary inscriptions cont.)Britannia xiii 1982 396no. 1 D(is) M(anlbus) [mjemoriae [perpejtuitati [...] Marcianae

[qui vixjit ann(os) X[m(enses) ... d(ies) ....] Aurel(ius) [...]EC C[...]RT1 [...]VSf(aciendum) c(uravit)

xv 1984 333no. 1 D(is) M(anibus) L(ucius) Val(erius) Aurelius

veteranus leg(ionis) XXlul(ius) [.....

xviii 1987 367no. 5 [D(is) M(anibus) name in genitive/ dec(urionis) col(oniae)

Ebor[acensis?] [....... Jens M(arcus) Aurel(ius) Ir[..]us[....... .pii or pientijssimf? J]ec[erunt......

xix 1988 490no. 4 [D(is)] M(anibus) [.] [?Matu]rius M(arci) [f(ilius)

Cl(audia tribu) ?Fus]cus Cem(eneli) [...]!!(h)eres [...]VI b(ene)f(iciarius) leg(ati)

xx 1989 327no. 1 D(is) [M(anibus)] L(ucio) Pompei[o . f(ilio) Liceto Da[...]

Pomptina (tribu) [Arjetio a[n(norum) ....]h(eredes) f(aciendum) [c(uraverunt)]

(Table Fl)

London

Gloucester m

York (sarcophagus)

Caerleon CE m

London m

xxiii 1992 312no. 8 D(is) M(anibus) Aelia Sentica vixit an(nos) XXXV

Aurel(ius) Verulus coniuci karissime Low Borrow Bridge, Cumbria CE

RIB II1371381391401411421431441451461471481491 501511521531541551 56157158159160161

2503: (Funerary graffiti)In Greek - 1 have perished forever?ANDOCAttiliCampanaCobrovaCupit(i)CVRD(is) M(anibus) ? SMLFlavinus

luliaeMarcus Aurelius 1111Mar(i) CalvenftianiJ?MaurusiNAMELIEo(s)suafe(re)XX?puerorumRXSattonisSever ianus pater d(at)/ ola(m) 9 IO[. . .] V FELLIAThalius VassuVerec(undtf)Victorianus[... V(i)rocatae

Rougham SuffolkSt. AlbansCastell Collen, PowysChilham, KentGuilden Morden, CambridgeshireBasingstokeWickford EssexNewbury Berks.Ospringe, KentBroughamWelwyn. Herts.Blackheath, LondonChichesterSt. AlbansExeterSkeleton Green, Herts.ColchesterSt. AlbansLondon ? St. Albans?Newington, KentColchesterBarnwood, Glos.Ospringe, KentBeckfoot, CumbriaWroxeter

139

Table PI: PERSONAI SOriAT, AND DOMESTIC LIFE

Unless another source is specified, numbers refer to RIB II.

Table PI; OWNERSHIP MARKS:

a) on pottery

2494.103-16, 119, 120, 126, 134-6, 138, 139, 151, 156, 160, 162-5, 168-70, 173, 175, 177,178, 181.

2497.1-19,23-26. 2501.1-14,22-637. 2502.2 2503.117-20, 169-466,589.

b) on metal and gems

2412.2.2414.5,6, 12-19,22-4,26-7.2415.4, 27, 39, 41, 57-9, 63, 65-8.2417.2-4, 10-12, 18-28, 30, 31, 33, 35.2420.3, 6-9, 11-24, 27-9, 32, 38, 39, 44, 57, 58.2422.3, 6, 13, 24, 26, 27, 34, 78, 79.2423.9, 20-26.2424.1,2.2425.2-6.2426.1,2,4.2427.2-25.2428.1,4, 11.2433.3.

Britannia xxv 1994, 307-8. nos. 63-72, 78, 79, 83-5.

c) on miscellaneous materials

2418.2.2440.38-41, 68-71, 93, 97, 98, 123-32.2441.1,4,5,8,9, 15.2442.9, 16,22.2444.1.2445.16, 20, 21, 23, 24-27, 29, 30, 32-37, 39.2449.1-10, 14.2450.1-3.2454.2.2457.1.

140

Table PI: SALUTATIONS. SLOGANS. CHARMS AND OBSCENITIES:

Slogans

2414.25, 32.2415.53, 54.2416.4, 8.2417.32, 34.2419.73.2420.1,2, 4, 5-, 10, 25, 30, 33-7, 40, 41, 43, 45-7, 49-52, 65.2421.1,50,56-8.2422.1, 2, 5, 10, 12, 14, 15, 18, 19, 25, 35, 42, 43, 47-9, 58, 61, 62, 66, 67, 70,

75, 77, 80.2423.4, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14, 18, 19, 28-30. 24*29.13-17. 2433.3, 7. 2441.7, 11,12, 18. 2444.4.2447.16, 22, 24, 26, 28, 39, 4o, 42. 2448.7.2491.122, 129, 153, 155, 158, 159. 2494.117. 2501.21,47,586. 2503.97-104, 106-9, 111, 116, 119.

Charms

RIB I 436,631,706,872,983,2106.

2422.53-6. 2423.1, 15-17. 2430.2.

Obscenities

2447.1,28a,b,d, 39.2450.3.2491.79, 157,215.

Table PI: EDUCATION:

Alphabets

RIB I 313, 1492,2131. Tab. Sulis 1.

2436.11.2437.1.2447.13.2454.3.2491.135-45.2502.6-8.2503.162-8.

141

Writing exercises (Table PI cont.)

2438.32491.209,222.2503.364.

Verse

2447.9 2448.5, 6, 8. 2491.146-8. 2502.3,51.2503.104,381.

/

Tabulae Vindolandenses II 118.

Palindromes

2447.20.2494.98.

Table PI: FUN AND GAMES:

2415.16.2438.1-2,4-5.2439.1-12.2440.1-381.2448.10.2491.151, 156.2501.586.2503.119,386.

Table PI: PERSONAL COMMUNICATION:

Domestic matters

Tabulae Vindolandenses II 191-7, 203, 208, 302. Britannia xxvii 1996, 300 no.l, 307 no.2.

Personal and social matters

Tabulae Vindolandenses II 227, 233, 247, 256, 261, 265, 274, 291-4, 299, 301,310-13,321,322,324,333,353.

Britannia xxvii 1996 p 326.

142

P1: Ownership marks on pottery

RIB103104105106107109110111

11211311411/5

116119120126134135136138139151156160162163164165168169170173175177178181

RIB123456789

1011121314

II 2494: (Graffiti after firing on amphorae - Fasc. 6)AMAudaxAven(tini)A(ulits) V(...) V(...) M[....]Bef...) Silvinif....CALDOfCJamuIus(a) Candi(di)(b) c(entuha) M(i) Bitufci]Capaxf..JC(h)aritof...JCassi(a) fCJassi De [......(b) fvjii s(emis)[.,.]CATV[...]CelerisCINNf....c(enturia) Erf.....lulilulialulianiL(uci) App(i) Etrufsci][...]leg(io) II Afug(usta)]MatuaciNestor [. . .fPoJstumi m(odii) v?[..]Primit[rvi?]Provincial(is)Quart fini) Pv(dentis) m(odii) [... ?[QjuariiRufif...]Secun(di)fSIJIcundi Pu[.... - Secundi Pu[...?SilvaniSVLLOT(iti) Bef...) Similis v...JTfiti) Flfavi) Mar [.....t(urma) Velo(cis) Caf...

Wall, Staffs.CorbridgeSilchesterYorkYorkHeronbridge, CheshireWroxeter

YorkVindolandaStrageath, TaysideLondon

Camelon, StirlingshireCorbridgeChesterAbergavennyCaerleonRudston, Humberside (villa)Strageath, TaysideLondonCorbridgeFairford, Glos.LondonDorchesterYorkCatterickRichboroughChesterLancasterCatterickStaxton, N. Yorks.YorkLondonVindolandaHadrian's Wall (t 17b)DoncasterCatterick

II 2497: (Graffiti cut after firing on mortaria - Fasc.6)AgitionisArab(i)Atin(i) C[....[AJureli [mortarjiumc(enturia) M[...ContiiEudrom[i][F]ortunat[i]HV[RJIDIjlMPTVS - Redemptus?(a) Luc(ullus) (b) as (a) invertedf.JMAMarius Ind[...][...]Martiali[s]

ChestersWall, Staffs.Cadder, StrathclydeWallsendCatterickGelligaerVindolandaChesterCanterburyColchesterChesterCanterburyCaerleonNewstead

143

(RIB II 2497: graffiti cut after firing on mortaria - cont.) (Table PI)151617181923242526

RIB123

16789

1011121314

22232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152

[...JMaximaf...MT or m(odius) iMfujcif....MECNertorisf...] for Nest or is?Vere[cundi]Vindili T[...[...]VIRIAV[...]Verini

II 2501: (Ownership

Springhead, KentGelligaerMaulden, Beds.BirrensWallsendRocester, Staffs.DoncasterNewsteadRibchester

graffiti on samian ware - Fasc. 7)lanuarfi] bfucinatoris?) c(entitriae) Vic[toris)?] Caernarvon(a) c(enturia) Ma(...) (b) E(?) (cursive) Chester[. . .] c(enturia) Mi Sedati [...] Ocell[io]nis Chesterc(enturiae) N[....]ori[s]Marci cur(atoris)Mfarci] cur(atoris)[...] ima(giniferi) leg(ionis) IXRATIO[... s]esqu(i)pli[cari][. . .Javi sesq(uiplicari)[...] signiferi[...Jentis sig(niferi)[..]tur[ma?]Qui(nti) vex(illari)

Adiuto[r]?Ad[iutoris]?AeliaAilia (Aelia or Aelia(ni)?)L(uci) Ae(..) Festi(a) Ae[...] (b)Ae[....]Ael[i..?](a) [...]! (b) AeliAeli MVAel(i) Min(i)ph[is]Ael(i) P [....] (or B... or R...)Ael(i) Titul[li][A Jem Hi(a) Aeq(...) (b) M[...]Agath(...)[AgathjopusAIFAlb(inus or anus)AlbinoAlbuc(ius)

Castleford, W. Yorks.ChestersChestersLondonCastledykes, StrathclydeChestersCarzield, DumfriesLancasterChestersCanterburyGreat Chesters

Castleford, W. Yorks.LondonChesters (nr. praetorium)CastlesteadsLondon

XLI HousesteadsSilchesterCaerleonYorkChesterLondonChestersCanvey Island, EssexChesterChestersLondonCanterburyColchesterWroxeterSt. AlbansCaerleon

Aid (of Aldus or Alci(mi)?) Camelon, Stirlingshire[A]lexanderAlpinianiAma[ndi] or Ama[bilis]AMAMAO - Ama amo?Amada for Amanda?AmariAmmasui for Ammausi?ANAANIIf...

LondonPoulton, KentCamelonCamelonDartford, KentYork(?) Walmsgate, Lines.London?Birrens

144

(RIB II 2501: ownership graffiti on samian ware - cont.) (Table PI)5354555657585960616263

646566676869707172737475767778798081

828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107

C(...) AnicetiAn(n)i Recini for Regini?G(aius?) Iulius<s>Annefianus / ius / nus / us?]Ann(i)iA(uli) Novel(li)ANTA NTE (Ante(ros)?)Antifni..?][...] Antoninus(a) Apofllonius / llinaris)? (capitals)(b) f...vs (cursive?)April[is]Aprfilis]Aptfi]Arsimafs]?Asc[....]Asisi or Agisi?Athen[....]Si Ath(ena - Greek theta) MinervaAttfius?)Attfius 7]Att[ii / id 7]AttiAttiAnianiAttic (ifAttoAtto(a) Atto \laccis for Attomacis?)(b) MAttuiAuda[x] Au[d]a[x]AVESINAAvitfus .' ianus?]A VNIINSS (bungled Aurelius?) Martialis(a) HII (b) AVPAur(eli)Aur(eli) [....]Aur(eli) [....](a) Aur(eli) (b) Sar(urnini)Aureliae(a) X (b) AXAVNVS 7(a) Bacurufs] (b) [...]INBacura (cursive b)BeKlicus 7)* BelaluciBellenia[nus] or Bellenin[us]BERBIBISOBikk[us]Bellica[... 7f...]IIA Binion[is] 7B1RBITIVPR(number not used)(a) BitufciJ (b) [...]? (c) [-JA

ChestersLondonNorthchurch Common, Herts, (villa)Balmuildy, StrathclydeCarlisleSittingbourne, KentChilham, KentMumrillsLondonTraprain Law

CatterickCatterickBalmuildy, StrathclydeVindolandaCorbridgeCambridgeCorbridgeChesterGayton Thorpe, Norfolk (villa)ChesterUskCorbridgeChestersChestersCorbridgeSheepen Farm, ColchesterVindolanda (vicus)Newstead

CorbridgeLondonLondonBenwel!CaerleonLondonWinchesterVindolanda (vicus)CorbridgeCamelonColchesterCamelonLondonChesterGreat ChestersBaldock, Herts.Mancetter, Warwicks.Baldock, herts.VindolandaUskYorkBillericay, EssexCaersws, PowysPakenham, SuffolkChesters

Catterick

145

(RIB II 2501 : ownership grafflti on samian ware - cont.) (Table PI)108109110111112113114115116117118119120121\h123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164

BitudacusBlanfdusJ?Blat..loBoniBVX (Buxa? Buxsus?)CalamfiJCalvfiJCAMBf....fCJamilliCandida[Cajndida(a) Canfdijdisum (b) [C?]ettin(i)CandidfiJCandidifCJanid(i)[Cantjabri[...] Capita (cursive p)Capitfo]CARCaraticufsJCarina[..JCarnuciCasi[...CataCattiCAVorCALCa[....][CIJILIIR - Celer?Cer(ialis / tus?)G(ai) F(...) N(...)CivilisComa IVCommuni(s)CORCORF (C(orneli) F (...)?)Coriliuius (blundered Cornelius':')Coss(us) Saturnus TA Mini<ni>atusCR1IS recut zsCRHS - Chr(e)s(imi)Cres(cens^)[C]resc(e)nsCreticiC(...) Ruf(i)G(ai) T(...) A(...)G(ai) V(aleri) A (.....)?Cupit[i]CVR[...JCVRATION1S??CusonisDecibafliJDiatiDidaDomfiti 9)DomitiDomitiDomiti[Djomitia or [D]omitia[nus][?D]oridis (cursive d?)

LeicesterLondonCanterburySt. AlbansHigh RochesterCatterickBirrensBrancaster, NorfolkChestersYorkBirrensLancasterWatercrookBinchesterChestersExeterGloucesterUskEccles, Kent (villa)RichboroughColchesterBewcastleSouthwark, LondonColchesterLondonLansdown, AvonVindolandaLondonSilchesterCaergai, GwyneddGreat ChestersBaldock, Herts.SilchesterCarlisleLondonAlchester, OxfordshireBaldock, Herts. (Roman cemetery)Lincoln (colonia)CorbridgeLancasterCaerleonBalmuildyYorkChestersSt. AlbansTotternhoe, Beds, (villa)Holditch, Staffs.Old Kilpatrick, StrathclydeChestersRocester, Staffs.RibchesterLondonNewsteadYorkYorkColchesterCaersws, Powys

146

(RIB II1651661671 681691 701711 721731 74175176 \ 11 17,8 \i918018118218318418518618718818919019119219319419519619719819920020 12022032042052062072082092102 1 1212213214215216217218219220221

2501: ownership graffiti on samian[D]ubita[ti][DujbitateDVC[.....Ti(beri) [Claudi] Eburi£17 for Aeli?or Heli?Eques or Eques(ter)ErosEsico Littillus C Commico LousicoEVP[EJutychesfa*/ FenF/1F (Faustus? Faventinus?)FaustaeFelicula(a) Felix (b) CP[?Fe]lixFerwa[FidjelisF/7F/I/7"FinitiviFir(mi) or Fir(mini)Fir(mi) or Fir(mini)Firmfi] or Firm[ini]F/av/FlaviniFla(v)usT(iti) Flavi MaturiFloren(tini)F0F/7F/? 9Fort[unati]

Gai Ga/Pcoh(ortis) ..... GJallorum]Gani[co]nisfa) Gannenco (b) TC

Ge/A...7 or [Self...]Gemel[lus] or GemelflinusJ[GjenialisGenia[lis]Genial(is)fo> Genial(is) (b) XG/evaGer(mani)GilloLf...]G(aius) P(...) M(...)Granfius 7 ...][...]Grat [....]G(ai) S(...) M(...)Hama[...]^ #5 f*; #Hil(arus^)//////ara

ware - cont.) (Table PI)LondonLondonCorbridgeNewsteadChesterLondonGatesbury, Herts, (nr. Iron Age earthworHenlow Park, Beds.CirencesterDicket Mead, Welwyn, Herts.ChesterSilchesterEccles, Kent (villa)Southwark, LondonLondonCorbridgeWiggonholt, West SussexBenwellNewsteadCorbridgeLancasterSilchesterChestersCorbridgeCadder, StrathclydeLincolnColchesterLondonPuckeridge, Herts, (cremation burial?)VindolandaYorkUskBirdoswaldBirrensLondonRocester, Staffs.CarlisleBirrensEccles, KentBinchesterCaerleonRocester, Staffs.BirrensCaerleonBreconWinterton, Humberside (villa)LondonGreat Wymondley, Herts.?? (villa)ChesterYorkWallsendAldboroughMumrillsCamelonHousesteadsLondonRocester, Staffs.

147

(RIB II 2501: ownership graffiti on samian ware - cont.) (Table PI222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266267268269270271272273274275276277278

Hiru[ndo??]HVNAVHVNICVSA (Hunicus A[....?JIAB[...]lanuar(i)lanuar(i)lanuari lanuar(i)Ian<[u?]a>uarilanuari Ag(...)lanufari?]lanufarijlanfuarius?]Illica[...]Ina[...lIndi?Ingenua[?Ing]enuaIngenuiIngenuiIng(enui)Ing(enui)IngfenuiJfljnge(nui)?[IngjenuiKIINS ONNI Innocens (half inverted?)INVAInventiIPPFIVBESIucund[i]luc(undi)luc(undi) ?Iviaci?lulianuslulia Sitalulilul(i)[Ijuld) Fir (....)MiG(...)L(uci) M(i) (H)ipponi[ci]Mii or Mia[ni] or Min[i]M(i)IVIL for Mi?luliusluliusluliuslulius Primuslullilullilul(i) Si[...]lulus (M(i)us or M(l)us)(a) N (b) IVNCO lun(ius) Co(. . .) ?lun(ius)lunia or lunia(nus)lunia or lunia(nus)IVRARSACl (Iu(li) <R> Arsaci??)

lustini

PapcastleMumrillsCarlisleCombwich, SomersetYorkEccles, Kent (villa)Chester-le-StreetRocester, Staffs.Rocester, Staffs.BewcastleLancasterCamelonLondonSilchesterCorbridgeCanterburyGreat Chesterford, Essex??CaerleonCarlisleLondonSpringhead, KentLondonRocester, Staffs.CaernarvonRocester, Staffs.LondonBainbridge, North YorksDoverChestersUskBaldock, Herts.WallsendYorkCaerleonYorkLondonWinchesterYork??CorbridgeExeterNewsteadLondonTemplebroughLondonCirencesterLondonSt. AlbansWroxeterDoverLondonLondonCatterickWallsendGreat Chesterford, EssexHacheston, SuffolkCarlisleCaerleon

148

(RIB2792802812822832842852862872882892902912922^3294295296297298299300301302303304305306307

308309310311312313314315316317318319320321322323324325326327328329330331332333334

II 2501: ownership graffiti on samian ware - cont.) (Table PI)IVVA V?IxiKarfiJKarusKatiKra(ssi?)(a) Lal(li)? (b) lALforLal(li)?LalliLAV[..]ILERINDILib(eralis)Lib(eralis) Lib [er alis]Liber a(a) Linditi (b) AVL(ucius) !(...) P (...)?[... Ljollius [...](a) C[...] (b) LVL(uci) V(...)A(..J?Luc[...]LucaniLucaniLuciLuciLuciLuci[...]LucileLuciusLucius Lucianus (I)uli(us)? DiantusVictor Victorious Victorina vas communisL(uci) V(...) M(.. )?LVRLucret(i)[...] Lucret[i]L(uci) V(... )!(...,''LVTI[...]MaccusMAGMagnusMAHl[...]MMAIA? or ihould this be inverted?Ma(...) Mo(...)Manian(i)Maf. . .]Marftialis 7)Mar(tialis 7)Mar(tialis?)(a) MAR (b) XMarc(i) or Marc 'elli) ?Marcellinfi]MarciMarciMarciMarcianiMartMariniMarini

UskCastleford, West Yorks.Great ChestersMaryportYorkCanterburyLondonCanterburyCorbridgeHousesteads (vicus)ChestersChestersLancasterLondonSouth ShieldsChestersCaerleonSouth ShieldsAldboroughBoughton near Faversham, KentCatterickLondonCaerleonLondonStanwixBeckingham, Notts.Staines, SurreyChester

Ospringe, Kent (cemetery)YorkSouthwark, LondonColchesterLincolnMumrillsBreconSt. AlbansBenwellSouthwark, LondonChestersYorkIckham, Kent (villa)LondonVindolandaSt. AlbansNewsteadBenwellOspringe, Kent (cemetery)SilchesterAldboroughKirkbridge, CumbriaCatterickRibchester (vicus)RichboroughCarlisleSt. AlbansCorbridge

149

(RIB II335

336337338339340341342343344345346347348349350351352353354355356357358359360361362363364365366367368369370371372373374375376377

378379380381382383384385386387388

2501: ownership graffiti on samian[...]L[...J Marmaf...] Cara Mett[...][...]vi - list of incomplete names?Martia[MJartialfisJMartiaflisJMartiaflisJfMJartiaflisJMarti [alls]MartiMarti[alis?]Martfialis?]MAPI or Martfialis]?Marftialis?]fa) /•...;/ (b) Marti... [...]MartinaMart(i)n ufsjnumber not usedMarull(i)Mater niMat (emus?)Mat[ernus?]Mat(ernus^)Matfernus^JMat[ernus?]Mat[ernus?]Mat(ernus?)Mate(rni)fa) A/aro fty JfMatrona[e]MatugenusMauraMaur(us)Max(imus^)Maxifmus?)Maxifmus?)(a; Maxim(us?) (b) Maxi(mus?)[MjaxumiMaxifmi?]Maxfimus?][MJaximufsJA///M//DMed[...]fa; owner's mark? - resembles arrow(ft) Melenio(c) XMr//"..../Mele[...]Mercator[MejrcatorMer[cator y curius? curialis?]

ware - cont.) (Table PI)

M'cc/'o

Miner [valis] Minervf...)

Blackmoor, Hants.SilchesterSt. AlbansChestersCirencesterCorbridgeCorbridgeGreat ChestersBirrensYorkCorbridgeSilchesterCatterickLeicesterCirencester

LondonLondonYorkWallsendKelvedon, Essex (cemetery)Whittlesey, CambridgrshireDunstable, Beds.Balmuildy, StrathclydeLeicesterCorbridgeLondonRibchesterVindolandaYorkRichboroughChestersLeicesterBenwellAlcester, Warwicks.GloucesterLondonCorbridgeCorbridgeYorkKenchesterAmbleside

Baldock, Herts, (cremation burial- Dr. 18 repaired with rivets)LondonWilderspool, CheshireNewsteadVindolandaCatterickCorbridgeCorbridgeUskSt. AlbansCorbridgeCorbridge

150

(RIB II389390391392393394395396397398399400401402403404405406407408409410411412413414415416417418419420421422423424425426427428429430431432433434435436437438439440441442443444445

2501: ownership graffiti on[MijvervalisMinicaeMinuciafnusJMinufci?]Minufci?]Minuti

MO. LASMoxiMVM Mum(mius) or M(arcus)MuniaMuniMVR(a) [...JMusi (b) VD1MVSN[. . JANIS or Ml. JAMSNat(alis)NEI (cf RIB 1491 Neilo)NEP1ANepos[NJestorNVANVA[... Ocjtavi Sever fij[?Ol]umpiOil...]OptatusSO. OraeusOR!OstfijlaPaet[...]PALI...]Par[ati]^ or P(...) A(...) R(...)7PATIIN[...]is Pater [ni]PatefrniJPat [emits?]PaullusPectfilli]Peculi(aris)

- [Pecul]iar[is]?

Pervinci S. ..[...]Petron(i)M(arci) Pet(...) Opta(ti)[Phjilippa(a) PIA (b) Chi-RhoPIEP - Piep(orus)l>PlumfaeJPRPri(mus?)Prifmus?)Prifmus'7)

Prim [us?] Primes'?] Primfus^J

samian ware - cont.) (Table PI)Cirencester Corbridge Colchester South Shields CirencesterLowbury Hill, Oxfordshire SilchesterHadrian's Wall (Walltown) Chesters

V(...)M(...) LondonBaldock, Herts.Caersws, PowysCaerleonBreconChesters?LondonLondonYorkSouth ShieldsHalton ChestersCatterickUskUskMalton (vicus)Kirkbride, CumbriaLeicesterLondonSt. AlbansChesterCanterburyNettleton Scrubb, Wilts.Watercrook, CumbriaColchesterSouthwark, LondonCorbridgeChestersDoverLondonMumrillsCaerleonCorbridgeVindolanda (vicus)ChestersLondonLondonKettering, Northants.Canterbury (cemetery)CarrawburghChesterWallsendColchesterCaerleonBaldock, Herts.BenwellSouth ShieldsSouth ShieldsIlkley

151

(RIB II 2501: ownership graffiti on samian446 Primani447 (a) Primi (b) SA448 Primif...?]449 Primi450 Primitiva451 (a) PrimfitivusJ

ware - cont.) (Table PI)SilchesterLondonVindolandaFishbourneLincoln (colonia)

(b) Primit[...] (erased apparently because of mis-spelling) Caerhun, Gwynedd452 Primit(ivi)453 [Prijmitivi454 Prisci455 (a) Prisci (b) AN1 or INV456 Procelliani S[...J457 Prora M[...]?458 [PJublica or [pjublica459 P(ublius) Publicius460 Pusfinnus? inna?]461 Quaf...; or gf...; Kf...;/^...;462 0W/H//463 Quint [...]464 Quinfti]465 Respefcti]466 Kef...;467 Kef...;468 Remm[ii]469 Restituta470 K/X471 Ripfani?)472 Romuli473 KM//474 (^ KM// (ty A/475 KM/MS476 Sab(inus 9)477 Sabifmts?)478 Sabin(us?)479 Sai/'na480 5ace/>7481 (a; Sacra (b) •••[•••]482 fa; Sacrina (b) X483 (a,) Jf f£>; Safcjrini484 Saes;; or Saes(a)e485 SA.EXBIA486 Saflvjianus?487 number not used488 S0MV489 SAM[...]orSAN[...]490 &4S/!..;491 &4r//:..7492 fSJatur(nini)493 SatufrniniJ494 Scanus495 Sec(undi)496 SecfundiJ497 Secundu[s]498 Sege/a499 [Senejcionis500 5eM^...;501 Senniaor Senni(anus)

Balmuildy, StrathclydeSouth ShieldsHolt, ClwydLondonColchesterChestersWatercrook, CumbriaLondonLondonYorkGreat ChestersCaistor St. EdmundWoodlands, Dorset (tumulus)ChesterRocester, Staffs.RichboroughCatterickExeterCaerleonAldboroughSouth ShieldsGloucesterUskBainbridge, North Yorks.No prov. - London?Wiggonholt, West SussexChesterSt. AlbansBarburgh Mill, Dumfries and GallowayCastleford, West Yorks.Crundale, Kent (Roman graves)LondonYorkCaerhun, GwyneddDover

ChestersSilchesterCaerleonCorbridgeHacheston, SuffolkCirencesterAlcester, Warwicks.SilchesterWanborough, Wilts.NewsteadCanterburyOld Winteringham, Humberside (v/7/a)St. AlbansCatterick

152

(RIB II 2501: ownership graffiti on samian5025035045055065075085095105115125135145155]j6517518519520521522523524525526527528529530531532533534535536537538539540541542543544545546547548549550551552553554555556557558

SI1NHISSEDO S[...]SenilisSenuacusSenunaSER(a) SIIR (b)SeverusSeve(ri?)

[...]!

[Sejxtia or fSeJxtiafnus/a](a) Sigillus (b)SilvaniM(...) Silvini[...] Silvini(a) Similis (b)Sim His[SijmilisSimplex?)SimulianiSintorix(a) S (b)Speratfi]STATII?SV

CA T or CAS

E

SM

SVAIIS retro, for Suavis?[...]SVLASCI[...](a) Sulo (b)SVPTOAVS?[...]nti SuriniTacit aTacit(i)TalionisTallu(s)X TariniTaruti or Taruti[us]Tasgetio(s?)Ter(ti) or Ter(enti) ?[T]erent[i]TertiaTertiTerti Vi[...]TitiaTitiTiti(a) Titullu(s) (b)TitusTMANNTRA[...JT'D C T 1 L A "-• / - - • /

Trofphimus?) or T(itiT(iti) S(... )!(...)TulliTungreTVOCf...](a) VA (b)VaccaVal(...)Val[...]

N

X

is) R(...) O(...)

TP

ware-cont.) (Table PI)CamelonBainbridge, North YorkshireHolditch, Staffs.Preston near Wingham, Kent (with cinerary urns)WroxeterLondonHolditch, Staffs.LondonNeathBalmuildy, StrathclydeMatinhoe, DevonNewsteadCorbridgeRocester, Staffs.St. AlbansSouth ShieldsKirkby ThoreNewsteadRichboroughSouthwark, LondonCorbridgeStrageath, TaysideUskBaldock, Herts.Castlecary, StrathclydeYorkChestersLancasterSt. AlbansSilchesterVindolandaLondonCarlisleOld Carlisle (vicus)CamelonColchesterLincolnScole, NorfolkYorkStanwixLondonCorbridgeGreat Wymondley, Herts, (at the villa?)LondonRavenglass, CumbriaCorbridgeCatterickWallsendCorbridgeChestersLondonRibchester (vicus)CatterickSpringhead, KentSilchesterChesterLondon?

153

(RIB II559560561562563564565566

567568569570

572573574575576577578579580581582583584585586587588

589590591592593594

595596597598599600601602603604605606607608609610612

(a; CF47/E faj A1

Far/Vaticonis M[...]

2501 : ownership graffiti on samianValenftis?]Val(eri) CandfidiJValeriValeriusP(ubli) Valeri V[...]Vann(ius)Va<a>nni Latin(i)Vanu[...]-if inverted could read [Ijanua(rius)

(b) CAT[...] (b) Vatila

FflL/FSVea[moni] or VeafmonaeJ?F//CVel(ocis?)Vel(ocis?)Vel(ocis?)Venfustus?]Ven(usti?)Venus tiVenu[sti]Fergus? erecundus?)FeramVerecunda ludia, Lucius gladiator[...Jni Verecundifa) [Ve]recundu[s](b) VI... [...J (c) [...]...Verecund[i]Verecu[ndi]/!..; Fen-

KE/Z//...7(a; F/7//#/ - Fe/v? or [Sejvfejri?(b) XVI/:. J/M7 Fer/

Fen

F/7 PubliciufsJ 7F//J/?//?VIAR..[...]F/a/orViatoris + swastika?Via(toris)?^ A" f6; Viaftor?]

[...JVibiif...]Victfor?](a; K/cror ^ a star/'..J F/cVie tor is

ware - cont.) (Table PI)LondonWilderspool, CheshireYorkCirencesterLondonNeathCorbridge

ChesterSpringhead, Kent London ChestersBaldock, Herts, (cremation - Dr. 24 repaired with lead

rivets)SilchesterCarlisleLondonCamelonChestersLondonHacheeston, SuffolkBirrensCatterickYorkLondonRibchester (vicus)LondonLeicesterWroxeterLeicesterCaerhun, Gwynedd

LondonCorbridgeLondonChestersSilchesterLancaster

ExeterChestersRichboroughChestersRichboroughBinchesterLondonLondon (same hand as 2501.600; same name intended)CorbridgeChestersLondonCatterickRadstock, SomersetSouthwark, LondonCorbridgeRichboroughInyereskNo prov. - London?

154

(RIB II613614615616617618619620621622623624625626

I621628629630631632633634635636637

2501: ownership graffiti on samian ware - cont.) (Table PI)Vict[ori]sVic(toris) Vi[c(toris)]VIMIV(a) V (b) VIMt(urma) Vindalici Eptacent[i]P(ubli) VinniVirilis[...?] VirilisVit(alis)VitalifsJ?VitalisVitalis[...?] Vitalis(a) Vital [is](c) [...]XVita[lis]VitaflisJ(a) Vitaflis](a) FFT(iti) Vitr[...]ULLI variant of lulli?KMVOdVNIVS? (cursive d)UreaXIlN-Xen[o.....]?AT- possibly

[Atjtiso

(b) [Noct or Satjurnus (b) Viti

ChestersCaernarvonCorbridgeYork (Trentholme Drive cemetery)CorbridgeLondonHadrian's Wall (t. 34a)SilchesterGreat Chesterford, Essex

Housesteads (repaired in antiquity) St. Albans Corbridge Cirencester

CatterickCaernarvonCastleford, West Yorks.Springhead, KentBroxtowe, Notts.LeicesterRibchesterSouth ShieldsChesters?South ShieldsFishbourneChester

RIB II 2502: (Graffiti on coarse pottery cut before firing - Fasc. 8)2 Gai sum peculiaris London

RIB II169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194

2503: (Ownership graffitiABE[...]AbitfiJAdiutorisAdiutor[is]Adiu[tor]AeliusAISRIA.LINXI?Aesucf...)AlatuccaAlbilaAL[...]AMB

(b) [.]MB[.]MB(a) AMBAnd[...JAnifcetus?)Anna or possibly MinaANNANV[...]Apri or ApriflisJ/4S/1M (cursive b)

ASRIOL[...]

Atinionis

on coarse pottery cut after firing - Fasc. 8)Nettleton Scrubb, Wilts Canterbury LondonCastleford, West Yorks. Bodiam, east Sussex Brough-on-Humber Colchester Kingscote, Glos. Newport, Isle of Wight Dorchester St. AlbansSlonk Hill, East Sussex (peasant settlement) Slonk Hill, East Sussex Slonk Hill, East Sussex London HousesteadsWinterton, Humberside (villa) Shakenoak, Oxfordshire (villa) Gadebridge Park, Hemel Hempstead (villa) Housesteads (vicus) ExeterCaistor St. Edmund Housesteads Silchester

' Canterbury Silchester

155

(RIB195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231

232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250

II 2503: ownership graffiti on coarseAM TertiAtunatiAvedoAvent(ini)[?A]vitaeAvitius[...]AXBas[si?]BataBEBelenifci?]BelicianiBebi (Baebi)Ble[...JB(e)llaBeraeBidiusBIN1SBRfa) Brut(us) (b) y(a) IX or XI (b) ByButr[io?]Can(didi)Candifdi][CajndidiaeCaru[s]Cas[sius 7 tus?JCa(v)usCelafti]CelerCenatin[. .] or Cenataf. . .]CennioCensforinus?]CivilisClau[dius ...?]CoccaComini Familiaris[. . .JTITISCXf. . .;//// [. . .JENICom[m]un[is] [....... .] CA V. [.. .]Concessfi]ConneCVCunicatiCYNCunf...J?Cuni[...]DecumaDeme[trius]Densibali(a) Desim(...) (b)DesimeniaDiseteD(ecimus) M(...) R(...)?Domfitii? itiani?)Domiftii? tiani?]Dona[tus]?EFF[...Epia

pottery cut after firing - cont.)(Table PI)CorbridgeCirencesterColchesterNo prov. - River Thames?ExeterCarlisleShakenoak, Oxfordshire (villa)CaerleonBrougham, Cumbria (cemetery)CanterburyMaryportHousesteadsHeronbridge, CheshireCamelonColchesterEast dean, Hants.WallsendBainbridge, North YorkshireAlcester, Warwicks.NewsteadColchester (Mithraeum)Holt, ClwydScole, NorfolkExeterCirencesterSilchesterLangton, North Yorks. (villa)Olney, Bucks.Wilderspool, CheshireSt. AlbansBraughing, Herts.Ware, Herts.Southwark, LondonNo prov. (Yorkshire Museum, York)CarterickCambridge (shrine)

ColchesterDorchesterSaunderton, Bucks, (villa)LeicesterSt. AlbansCaerleonLincolnBower Chalke, Wilts.WinchesterCaves Inn, Warwicks.CorbridgeWilderspool, CheshireSilchesterChelmsford, EssexSpringhead, KentLondonElmswell, HumbersideBaJdock, Herts.Caerleon (outside fortress)Gloucester

156

(RIB II 2503: ownership graffiti on coarse pottery cut after firing - cont.)(Table PI)251252253254255256257258259260

261262263264265266267268269270271212273274275276211278279280281282283284285286287288289290291292293294295296297298299300301302303304305306

Epom (Greek characters)(a) ER+ palm branch (b) ER[... VjerriusIIRRVMOLLIES[E]utu[ches] (in Greek characters)Ex(s)uperatus(a) X (b) Fau(stus? stinus?)Feli[cis]Felic[is]Greek characters -transliteration of Felicifs] felic i[ter]?FFFideflis][FJirmanu(s)Fl(avius) M(. . .) ? or FlafminiusJ?Flavfius ...?]For(tunati?)[Ge]nial(i)sGer(ontios) (in Greek characters)G(a)et(u)l(us? icus?)G(aius) !(...) S(...)?Graecus[Hjermes [...][Hjiberna or [H]iberna[lis]Hil(arus)

Ian(uarii?) to I*15'

IMor Wl

^ Cunol[...]vii (b) IM

(b) lOMorLOMlovini//?/TJ/OS7/a/Mjlucundilucundi <ndi>lucundus/M/f/>a or 7«/(7)alulfius ...?Jlulfius ...?]/". . 7 7«/(7z«,) f. . . ?;

7«//w/i7u/f%) Victorinito 7w/i/a

J/ve Taufrus? rinus?]

(b) [..JVIHII

lun(ii)?

to IX+ (b) X LAA IVA[...]LATor Lat(inus) [LJolliufsJ? orollaf.J Lucanus

ChestersSouth ShieldsCaerleonColchesterCirencesterVindolandaOld KilpatrickChesterVindolanda (vicus)

Chalk, KentFishbourneColchesterCorbridgeColchesterCorbridgeBrancaster, Norfolk (in settlement outside fort)CanterburyCatterickLondonChesterSkeleton Green, Herts. (pre-Roman settlement AD 15-25)Holt, ClwydCaerleonCaerleonMaidstone, Kent (villa)Nanstallon, Cornwall (fort)St. AlbansChelmsford, EssexSt. AlbansCanterburyColchesterCaistor St. EdmundTraprain LawGloucesterLondonWilderspool, CheshireLondonWilderspool, CheshireDorchesterIlkleyCorbridgeColchesterSouth ShieldsBreconCumberland - Kirkby Thore?Brompton-on-Swale, North Yorks.Tiddington, Warwicks.DorchesterCaistor St. EdmundHaslingfield, CambridgeshireGatcombe, Somerset (villa)ChesterWinchesterLondonCifencesterOld Harlowe, Essex

157

(RIB II307308

3093103 1 1312313

.3143 1 531631731831.932032132232332432532632732832933033133233333433533633733833934034 13423433443453463473483493503 5 1352353354355356357358359360361362

2503: ownership graffiti on coarseLuci or Luci[..JLucon[ianus?]or a variant of Lucco/Lucconius?MaeciMagnufsJMa(n)suetusMaporigis

Map(...)MarclMarciMarcuri for Mercuri?A/on

Marinas/•... MJarinfusJMarftialis?)Marftialis?)Marftialis)MartinusMartinusMartinu[s]Martfinus? ialis?]M(arcus) A(...) S(...)?M-17[...?] MATMatferni?)Mater [ni]Matr(onae)MaiugenaMatugenusfa) Maviloduo? (b) INI

MaurfiJMauruciusMaxima Car[i]?Me[li]tineMemorto Merfcator? curius? curialis? (b)Messufs]Miner[valis? vini 9]MenervinusMIXMinutionisto MOMVVL (b) CIBOVVIMontiusNat(alis) sum Ffeliciter]Natufs]to NX (b) Naumaf...]

A/7Nica[nor^]NiceforiNeviu[s] 7Nobilfis]AT/45 orNutricis

pottery cut after firing - cont.)(Table PI)Canvey Island, Essex

Droirwich, Worcestershire (fort) Springhead, Kent Mucking, Essex Hadrian's Wall (t. 34a) LeicesterGestingthorpe, Essex Gestingthorpe, Essex London DoncasterMiddlewich, Cheshire London London Bierton, Bucks. Eccles, Kent (villa) Tiddington, Warwicks. Alcester, Warwicks. Chelmsford, Essex (nr. mansio) BathWroxeterVindolanda (v;cu^) Vindolanda (V/CMJ) Corbridge London Richborough Winchester Colchester No prov. Neatham, Hants. Vindolanda St. Albans UskCanterbury Templebrough Old Ford, East London Dicket Mead, Welwyn, Herts, (villa) Gloucester

M LondonRichboroughVindolandaColchesterLincolnSilchesterLondonYorkRibchester (vicus)Gadebridge Park, Hemel Hempstead (villa)CanterburyHousesteadsChelmsford, EssexColchesterUskGloucesterSouth ShieldsRichboroughDorchester

158

(RIB363364365

366367368369

.3703713723733743752763773783793803 8 13823833843853863873883893903913923 933943953963973983994004014024034044054064074084094104114124134144154 1 6417

II 2503: ownership graffiti on coarseOctobrianiOdeus(s)us (in Greek Characters)(a) [.. .]AI [. . .] Optatfus] [. . .]s [. . .](b) [. . .Jomeco [. . .] list of names?OptioPacatiPacatusPaiatius for Pacatius?or cognate with Paius?Pat(ernus?)Pater niPaulatiPaulfi? ini?J[...] Paul(inius) M[...][Perijthous? (cursive)PerigrinaPere(grinus)Philos (in Greek, characters)G(ai) Pisci Fagi + animal drawing(a) POERJ (b) HICESIPONIO [. . JUKI. VNDISPostimiaPostumiiPPP(ublius) P(...) D(...)?Prima[P]rima[...] VIIPri(mus 7)

/>rac;PVA/>w«(7c# ? or P(ubli) V(. . .) N(. . .) ?Quietus Remus (h) ic emberavi(t) ? ?Quin(ti)QUINTESf...] - for Quintasius??Quintia[ni]Reg(u!us 7 inus?)

(b) ASalfvius? vianus?) (^ Salve or Salvii

Sat(urnini)Sat(urnini)Saxfae)?Sax[ae] 7Secunda[n?]u[s]/. . .;<&//: . .; Secunfdus][?Se]curaSecurfi]

A'fa) 5e««a Sentfijca

[Sejrena

Sim His S//M//W

pottery cut after firing - cont.)(Table PI)St. AlbansGayton Thorpe, Norfolk (villa)

Puckeridge, Herts. Caernarvon Binchester Felixstowe, Suffolk

HousesteadsRichboroughSt. AlbansSilchesterDicket Mead, Welwyn, Herts, (villaBarburgh Mill, Dumfries and Galloway (fortlet)Gadebridge Park, Hemel Hempstead (villa)North Wamborough, Hants, (villa)Rocester, Staffs.WroxeterPorcupine Bank - 150 miles offW. coast of IrelandLondonShakenoak, Oxfordshire (villa)Stebbing, Essex (villa)SilchesterCastleford, West Yorks.Lullingstone, Kent (villa)SilchesterLullingstone, Kent (villa)Mucking, EssexYorkCorbridgeWinterton, Humberside (villa)Winterton, Humberside (villaGreat Dunmow, EssexLeicesterRivenhall, Essex (villa)Holt, ClwydCaernarvonSt. AlbansColchesterLondonLullingstone, Kent (villa)DorchesterMaryportSt. AlbansCanterburyBillericay, EssexChesterRichboroughLondonSt. AlbansCarlisleShakenoak, Oxfordshire (villa)Pakenham, SuffolkHousesteads (hospital room)Eccles, Kent (villa)ColchesterCamelon

159

(RIB II418

419420421422423424425426427428429430 43(1432433434435436437438439440441442443444445446447448449450451452453454455456457458459460461462463464465466589

2503: ownership graffiti on coarse pottery cut after firing - cont.)(Tab!e PI)S(extus) Q(...) V(i)ndex?or S(exti) Qu(i)n(ti) Dex(tri) ? Corbridge[Suljpici et Euri ColchesterSymphorus Caerleon (amphitheatre)TammfoJ or TammfoniusJ? Wanborough, Wilts.TAR £[...] Gadebridge Park, Hemel Hempstead (villa)Tauri or Taurifni] Stebbing, EssexTer(entii) Tarrant Hinton, Dorset (villa)TITA1TR Wilderspool, Cheshiref...Jia TitiAtili or AtilifaniJ?TLTPDTRIATro(phimi?)TVA

(b) Valentin[i](a) [...]IA V[al]eri [Vajleri Vari

VarriatusVassedoVATINIH- Vatini(a)eOT Vatinii[V]elugnaVen(...)< V> Veri (cursive r)M Verina Urilucolo parbo COMTM??VestalisVetulaVetu(la)Via(tor)VicariVictorfis]Victori[s][..] Vict(oris)VidiVidi C[...] or Vi(n)dic[is]?VINE[V]incentiVipassui 9Vital(is)Vital[is](a) Vitia (b) X (her mark?)[...Jlius VitraVitu(lus)Unica(a) M (b) VRCAUrsicfini]XIASTI blundered Casti?SVM S<S>EERPCTV1RMIIV

Southwark, LondonFishboumeCollyweston, Northants.Southwark, LondonSt. AlbansCambridge (shrine)St. AlbansVindolandaColchesterCaerleon (amphitheatre)Wall, Staffs.Eccles, Kent (villa)No prov. Cambridgeshire? Essex?Colchester (Mithraeum)Piddington, Northants. (villa)LeicesterColchesterCastleford, West Yorks.Ilchester, SomersetCamelonPakenham, Suffolk (villa)Pakenham. Suffolk (villa)CorbridgeSilchesterRichboroughHolt, ClwydColchesterCanterburyLondonGadebridge Park, Hemel Hempstead (villa)Gadebridge Park, Hemel Hempstead (villa)GloucesterRockbourne, Hants, (villa)CaerleonDarenth, Kent (villa)LincolnBreconKeynsham, Avon (villa)Middlewich, CheshireColchesterRibchester (vicus)Silchester

160

Table PI; Ownership marks on metal and gems

RIB II:2412.2 obv: c(enturia) Quinti

L c(enturia) IBERA rev: Procili

2414.5 Eutheriou (Greek characters)2414.6 Eutheriou (Greek characters)2414.12 (a) AE (b) Elmi (4th c. cursive)2414.13 Amabilis2414.14 AR[...]2414.15 BRI2414.16 CON2414.17 DIG2414.18 (a) Adve(ntus) (b) [...JEN2414.19 [...]FLOQD[...]2414.22 [...]IW[....] [I]nnoc[ens? entius?]2414.23 (a) Victorina (b) VTVI2414.24 (a) ROM (b) RO (c) ROM

Rom(anus? ulus?) (d) X (e) X

2414.26 SEVE2414.27 TALASITHA2415.4 L(ucius) Serveni<s>us Super Superi2415.27 Liciniani2415.39 Lucca2415.41 c(enturia) Cl(audii) Senioris Ann(i)i2415.57 A(e)l(i) Pri(...)?2415.58 (a) c(enturia) Att(i)i Severi

(b) c(enturia) Capril(i)i2415.59 c(enturia) Primi2415.63 (a) t(urma) Tironis Cresc<r>e<s>nt(is)

Senecionis (b) t(urma) Kandiani Vanni

2415.65 Lucani t(urma) Lucani2415.66 (a) c(enturia) SA (b) A*2415.67 Maximi2415.68 turma Crispi Nigri2417.2 Amati2417.3 Curati2417.4 G(aius)? C(...) Novillfujs? (+naked lady)2417.10 (a) Fl(aviae) Aetionis (b) Fidelis2417.11 Florent(i)i2417.12 Isarninus2417.18 Isxarninus2417.19 Ixarinus2417.20 Ixarinf..)2417.21 lustinae2417.22 Licinius2417.23 Martinus2417.24 Martinus2417.25 (a) MHLLVNAE

(b) horizontal strokes and 8 digits(c) SOMIA^

2417.26 Narina2417.27 Pacata

bronze steelyard silver plate silver plate silver cup silver cup silver bowl silver bowl silver goblet silver cup silver bowl silver bowl silver plate silver cup

silver bowl silver cup silver dish bronze trulla bronze trulla bronze trulla bronze trulla bronze trulla

bronze cauldron bronze trulla

bronze bowl bronze cauldron bronze cauldron bronze cup bronze cauldron pewter bowl pewter vessel pewter plate pewter dish pewter dish pewter cup pewter vessel pewter dish pewter dish pewter plate pewter cup pewter plate pewter plate

pewter plate pewter plate pewter plate

Wroxeter Mildenhall Mildenhall Traprain Law Traprain Law Traprain Law Traprain Law Traprain Law Traprain Law Traprain Law Traprain Law Traprain Law Traprain Law

Traprain Law Traprain Law Traprain Law Malton Weardale Caerleon Lincolnshire

nr. Scunthorpe

YorkSaham Toney, Norfolk

Prestwick Carr Newstead Newstead Newstead Newstead Wickford. Essex

Icklingham, Suffolk Blackwardine. Hereford

Suffolk Cambridgeshire

Icklingham, Suffolk Icklingham, Suffolk Icklingham, Suffolk Icklingham. Suffolk

Manton, Wilts Icklingham, Suffolk Southwark, London Southwark, London

Appleford, Oxfordshire Appleford, Oxfordshire Appleford, Oxfordshire

161

(Ownership2417.28

2417.302417.312417.332417.352420.32420.62420.72420.82420.9 2420. 1 1 2420. 1 2 2420.13 24*20.14 2420. 1 5 2420. 1 6 2420. 1 7 2420. 1 8 2420. 1 9 2420.20 2420.2 12420.222420.232420.242420.272420.282420.292420.322420.382420.392420.442420.572420.582422.32422.62422.132422.242422.262422.272422.342422.782422.792423. 82423.92423.202423.212423.222423.242423.252423.262424.12424.22425.2

marks on metal and gems cont.)(a) Pacata(b) emitaparta sna Lovernianus donavitTacitiVenustae vasVictriciIV Viventia VictoriciAn(dicrose)?Blo(tugi)Blo(tugi)Blo(tugi)Cumminidius (4th c. cursive)Dei Fau(ni) AndicroseDei Fauni AuseciDei Fau(ni) AuseciDei Fau(ni) BlotugiDei Fauni CraniDei Fauni CraniDei Fauni MedigeniDei Fauna MedugeniDei Fau(ni) MedigeniDei Fauni Nar(i)iDei Fauni Nar(i)iDeo Fauni SaternioDei Nar(i)iDei (Blo?)tugiGra(ni?)Bel(icii) lanuarisILAXATAMed(igeni)RestitutiRestitutiVerecunda[...Jiniani (late Roman cursive)thuhpino? (late Roman cursive)A P D (retro)Eutolm(iou) (Greek characters)QDDG(aius) Fl(avius) G(ai) fili(u)sIVVLuciani (retro)Success(us)CPSG(aius) Atinius? or Catinius?CENorfCEN?Eusebi(ou) (Greek characters)P

(Table PI)

SeriFausti (retro)

pewter plate tin cup pewter bowl pewter jug pewter plate silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon tinned bronze spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon gold ring gold ring gold ring silver ring silver ring silver ring silver ring jet ring jet ring intaglio intaglio intaglio intaglio intaglio intaglio intaglio gemsilver bracelet silver bracelet

Thermia (Greek characters)Vernico OVernicfo] Vernicofo> c(enturia) M(arci) Val(erii) Urs(i) L(uci) Dulci(b) c(enturia) Mart(ialis?) L(ucius) P^stumus(c) c(enturia) Scr(iboni) Rufi(d) c(enturia) Mafrtialis?) Aul(i) Saufei bronze helmet

Appleford, Oxfordshire High Rochester Silchester

Appleshaw, Hants. St. Albans Thetford Thetford Thetford Thetford Traprain Law Thetford Thetford Thetford Thetford Thetford Thetford Thetford Thetford Thetford Thetford Thetford Thetford Thetford Thetford Thetford

Eccles villa, KentLittleton, Som. Thetford Thetford Thetford

Barbury Castle, Wilts.Monmouthshire Traprain Law London

Whittlesey, Cambridgeshire London London Cirencester Colchester Corbridge South Shields Vindolanda

Caistor St. Edmund Colchester Oxfordshire Kingdholm Humberside Folkestone Caerleon Colchester

Castlethorpe, Bucks.Castlethorpe, Bucks

London

162

(Ownership marks on metal and gems cont.)2425.3 (a) (centuria) p(rimi)p(ili) Papiri <A>

(b) c(enturia) Victor is M(arci) {......(c) c(enturia) [........

2425.4 (a) Mi[....]uci t(urma) Atinia(na?) (b) IIXX

2425.5 Uffi t(urma) Ges(...)2425.6 (a) Caravi (b) Carav.2426.1 (a) leg(io) VIII Aug(usta)

(b) c(enturia) lull Magni luni Dubitati2426.2 c(enturia) Veri Quinti 2426.4 Lars[...] A[...]2427.2 c(enturia) Ver(i) Vict(oris)2427.3 (a) t(urma) Iun(i) t(urma) Ba(...)

l (b) X 2427.4-9 Domed Attici2427.10 Dmeti Attici2427.11 DometiAtici2427.12 Dometi2427.13 c(enturia) Ful[viJ Potiti2427.14 leg(ionis) XXMi Candidi2427.15 L(uci) (I)un(i) Abeni2427.16 t(urma) Superi Geci 2427.11 [...]ti Hilario2427.18 c(enturia) Prisci Itosi2427.19 c(enturia) Vitalis Prime2427.20 t(urma) G(...) Sabini Prisci2427.21 (a) XV

(b) Senecio(c) Cresce(n)s

2427.22-4 (a) XII(b) Senecionis

2427.25 c(enturia) CV[....]MNLLVI 2428.1 c(enturia) (A)ebut(i)i 2428.4 c(enturia) Barri Compitalici 2428.11 MAorAM 2433.3 (a) AusoniAviti

(b) utifel(ix)

Britannia xxv 1994 307-8:no. 63- no. 64 no. 65-72 no. 78 no. 79 no. 83 no. 84-5

Aur(elius) UrsicinusAur(elius) UrsicinusAur(eli) UrsiciniPeregrini(a) Per(egrini) (b) PVSanc(ti? tint:')Silvicole sum

bronze helmet

iron helmet bronze helmet bronze helmet

(Table PI)

St. Albans

Newstead Newstead Ribchester

bronze shield plate River Tynebronze shiels boss Matfen, Northumberlandbronze armour Corbridgeiron spearhead London

iron spearhead bronze discs bronze disc bronze disc bronze disc bronze disc silvered bronze disc bronze disc bronze disc bronze disc bronze ansate plate bronze plate bronze plate

NewsteadNewsteadNewsteadNewsteadNewsteadCaerleonChesterChesterStanwixStanwixKirkby ThoreWall, Staffs.Stanwix

bronze pommel stiffener Newstead

bronze pommel stiffeners Newsteadbronze spatula Caerleoniron hammer Bar Hilliron axe Newsteadiron quarry wedge Corbridge

bronze handle East winterslow, Wilts.

silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon

Hoxne Hoxne Hoxne Hoxne Hoxne Hoxne Hoxne

163

Table PI; Ownership marks on miscellaneous materials

RIB II2418.22440.382440.392440.402440.412440.682440.692440.702440.712440.932440.972440.982440.1232440.124

2440.125-7 2440.128

2440.129-32 2441.1 244 1 .4 2441.5 244 1 . 8 244 1 .9 2441.15 2442.9 2442.16 2442.22 2444.1 2445 . 1 62445.202445.212445.232445.242445.252445.262445.272445.292445.30

2445.322445.332445 .342445.352445.36244537

2445.392449.12449.22449.32449.42449.52449.6

Mau(rus?)lan(uarius)lanua(rius) llllrev: ILLAI ILL(AI) VIIIMI Fobv: Mascellio rev: denarius sign?rev: Mar(tialis?)rev: Mar(tialis?)Maur(i)Paternusobv: Primus rev: LPrisciobv: SIIXTIH rev: IVNIIIobv: SEXTIIIrev: IVNIII F (+ helmeted figure)obv: SIIXTIH rev: IVNIIIobv: SEIXTIII (+ quadruped)rev: RVFINVSobv: SEXTI rev: blankAprilisCeres Eq(u) it isc(enturia) Publi SAMA IOXIITLLHSFlamma SenovariIVLLIAO - Iullia(v)o (est) ??[...J.HISCONICILLIlanuariusNovixiSualmosCata[...Jc(enturia) Soll(i) i lulianiANAVLLBurdoniusCIVDc(ohors) IX B(atavorum)CR

Ektori (Greek characters)

(a) [...]CENT (b) LUCENT - L(ucius) !(...) L(...) cent(urio)?

L VRSLL - L(ucius) Urs(ius) L(...)? MSMP(ublius) lul(ius) Sur(. . .) ? (twice) SAMMICO [Serjvandi or c(enturia) [Serjvandi(a) SVITI1SI SVIITII[...?J(b) [.]VITII[...] SV[...]VerusAmmic(enturia) Ad(...)c(enturia) Afnjto(ni) mola vii[. .]c(enturia) Arab[...](centuria)? Did(...)[c(enturia)] Kal[...]

shale vesselbone roundelbone roundelbone roundelbone roundelbone roundelbone roundelbone roundelbone roundelbone roundelbone roundelbone roundelbone roundel

bone roundelbone roundels

bone roundelbone roundelsbone handlebone scraperbone handlebone handlebone pegbone spatulabarrel stavebarrel stavebarrel stavewooden combcalfskin - tent?calfskincalfskinleather soleox-hide offcutleather soleleather offcutleather soleleather sole

Tarrant Hinton, DorsetWroxeterSt. AlbansCaerleonCaerwentChichesterRavenglassSilchesterCaerleonLondonSilchesterHod HillBermondsey, London

BermondseyBermondsey

BermondseyBermondsey

King's Sedgemoor, SomersetLondonCorbridgeColchesterEast TilburyIlkleyBar HillCarlisleSilchesterFishbourneYorkLondonLondonLondonVindolandaLondonVindolandaLondonLondon

cattle-hide offcut Catterickgoatskincalf-hideshoe solesshoe soletent fragment

shoe solecattle-hidehandmillhandmillhandmillhandmillhandmillhandmill

LondonLondonLondonLondonCarlisle

VindolandaSouthwark, LondonBinchester (outside fort)VindolandaGreat ChestersHolt, ClwydCarlisleBalmuildy

164

(Ownership marks on miscellaneous materials cont.)2449.7 c(enturia) Luci2449.8 c(enturia) NaevfiJ2449.9 [...] c(o)ho(rtis) V c(enturia) [...]2449.10 Saturnini2449.14 [c(enturia) V]ictor[is] or [...?V]ictor[is]2450.1 Candidus2450.2 C(...) Licinianus2450.3 (a) KA[...J

(b) [mjentularum?? [...JXINoni 2454.2 c(enturia) Titi 2457.1 (a) Catavacus (b) Bellicia[...?]

handmillhandmillhandmillhandmillhandmillslate palettesteatite palette

(Table PI)Cawfields milecastleChesterCarlisleBrough-on-Noe (vicus)Vindolanda (outside fort)YorkWroxeter

shale palette Londonsandstone mortar Camelonclay syrinx Shakenoak villa, Oxfordshire

165

Table PI: Salutations, slogans, charms and obscenities - (+ other messages^

RIB II24 1 4.2524 14.322415.53

2415.542416.424 1 6.82417.322417.342419.732420. 12420.22420.42420.52420 . 1 02420.252420.302420.332420.342420.352420.362420.372420.402420.4 12420.432420.452420.462420.472420.492420.502420.512420.522420.65242 1 . 1242 1 .502421.56-82422 . 12422.22422.52422.102422.122422.14

2422.152422.182422. 192422.252422.352422.422422.432422.472422.482422.49

[.. ,]sa vifvajtis AL[. . .]?Desideri vivasa Mats Aballava Uxelod(un)umCamboglan(na) <s> Banna[Fel]icit(e)rvivasChi-Rho utere EELLXVEREFELEIpie vivas [cum tujis DocilinusamamfejAeternus vivasAgreste vivasAugustine vivasAuspici vivasCensor ine gaudeasdiu vivasIngenu<a>e vivasPapittedo vivasPascentia vivasPerseveranti vivaspium vivasPrimigenia vivasSilviola vivasSilviola vivas (and a cross)Veneria vivasVibia vivasVibia vivasvir bone vivasvivas in deoutereutferejuti felix[be]ne vivas[a] ma mesi amas ego plusutere felixA em ilia zesesama meEusebio vitaOlumpei zesais (Greek characters)Polemiou philtron (Greek characters)(a) Venus(b) Seniciane vivas /</>« de(o)vivas in deoam(ame)?amor dulcislul(ius) Bellator vivassunelthe (Greek characters)vivasphul[xai] (Greek characters)AMA MAO for ama amoama

silver bowl silver beaker

broze enamelled bowl bronze enamelled bowl

lead casket lead casket pewter dish pewter dish glass bottle bronze spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon silver spoon bronze spoon

tinned bronze spoon silver spoon silver spoon bronze brooch bronze brooch

bronze enamelled brooches gold ring gold ring gold ring gold ring gold ring

gold ring gold ring silver ring silver ring silver ring silver ring silver ring silver ring bronze ring bronze ring bronze ring

Traprain Law Bywell, Northumberland

Rudge, Wilts.Beadlam, N. Yorks.Caistor, Lines.East Stoke, Notts.Welney, NorfolkNorth OxfordshireSouthwark, LondonColchesterThetfordDorchesterThetfordChedworthSt. Neots, CambridgeshireThetfordMildenhallMildenhallThetfordNo. prov.ThetfordThetfordThetfordGreat Horwood, Bucks.KentKentThetfordCaistor St. EdmundMaltonColchesterThetfordSunserlandNoefolkRichboroughCanterbury/DurhamCorbridgeCarlisleBedfordStonham Aspal, SuffolkCorbridge

SilchesterBrancastor, NorfolkPorchesterCastell Collen, PowysSilchesterBrandon, SuffolkSilchesterCorbridgeWroxeterSt. AlbansLondon

166

(Salutations,2422.58

2422.612422.622422.662422.672422.70

2422.75

2422.772422.80

2423.42423.62423.72423.102423.112423.142423.182423.192423.282423.292423.302429.132429.142429.152429.162429.172433.32433.72441.72441.112441.122441.18

2444.42447.16

2447.22

2447.242447.262447.28

2447.402447.422448.7

2491.1222491.129

slogans, charms and obscenities cont.)(a) fides clasped hands concordia(b) Rufus d(ono) d(edit) Viator(i)veni Termo manemisce mivaliatisvita(a) Alpha Chi-Rho Omega(b) lustine vivas in deo(a) da mi (horizontally)(b) vita(m) (vertically) vita(m) volo(a) Chi-Rho (retro, on bezel)(b) quis sepa(rabit) (on minor bezel)(c) meum et tuum durante vita (on hoop)anima meaAPE for are(te) virtue?ave mea vitaeutuch(e)i ophoron (Greek characters)eutuchos homonoia (Greek characters)felixmi hi vivashomonoiaut(ere) f(elix)utere felixchara (Greek characters)

bronze ring bronze ring bronze ring bronze ring bronze ring

(Table PI)

No prov.Wanborough, Wilts. London London Canterbury

bronze ring Richborough

iron ring iron ring

London London

jet ring Chesters red cornelian Vindolanda intaglio Braintree, Essex intaglio Ribchester sardonyx cameo Keynsham, Avon onyx cameo N. Wraxall, Wilts, gem Wroxeter red cornelian Gogmagog Hills, Cambridge.

Bradwell, EssexSouthwark, LondonKilbrideCaerleon

onyx cameobronze intagliointagliointaglio

utere (crescent) felix (crescent) bronze enamelled belt terminal South Shields uter[e] feli[x] bronze enamelled belt terminal South Shields uter[e] feli[x] bronze belt terminal uter (re felix.) bronze belt terminal ute[re felix] bronze belt terminalutifel(ix) bronze handle kalos elouse (Greek characters) bronze strigil Domine Victor vincas felix bone plaque s[or]or ave vivas in deo bone plaque(a) utere felix(b) Greek inscription(c) [...]TA[...](d) lozenge shape with cross inside bone plaque?[utere] felix boxwood stake[D] omit [ilia''] Vi[ctor]i (?) suopuniamini wallplasterpaternus serf.....]Paternus scripsit (cursive) wallplasterfcavje canefm] 9 wallplaster[.. Js dabam[...][...]xum wallplaster(c) [...] debetque [.....] SLO[.....] [...]I1(e) VAP.S[...J

LIBR1IS (caps) librii (cursive)(f) pavo (g) EA[...](h) QVINN[...] wallplaster fcavej canefmj?? wallplaster ave V[...] wallplaster(a) [leo] f[r]ammefer(b) Taurus omicida mosaic [.. Jsirica? viduaf...][.. Jpuellam tile [.. Jicianfo] P[r]im[o] [.. .Jelliafnjo [qui.. .facimus [salutejm ?? tegula

ChesterChestersChestersEast Winterslow, Wilts.CaerleonYorkYork

Chesterton Vindolanda

Caerwent

DorchesterExeterFishbourne

Leicester Tarrant Hinton Wolverton Bucks.

Rudston villa, Humberside Caerleon

Wymbush, Bucks.

167

(Salutations,2491.1532491.1552491.1582491.1592494.1172501.212501.472501.5862503.972503.982503.992503.1002503.10125.03.102

2503.1042503.1062503.107

2503.1082503.1092503.1112503.114

2503.1162503.119

RIB I4366317068729832106

slogans, charms and obscenities cont.)liber esto[...]OMO[...] LEND[...] legefel[idlerJ[...][?] puellamsatis[...] cave meits (est)??fcavje malum??ama(a)moVerecundia India Lucius gladiator[ars long]a vita bfrevis]??

box water pipebrickbrickbrick

amphora - after firing graffito on samian graffito on samian

redware sherd graffito on coarseware graffito on coarseware graffito on coarseware graffito on coarseware graffito on coarseware

bono r(ei) p(ublicae nato)??cave [malum]??cave Martialfem]Dexter feliciter con<e>claman[t.et] Egna(tius)[..Jlias multa sol(v)enda videssi q(u)is cu[pit? sejveritudinfem].(a) S(enatus) P(opulus)q(ue)

R(omanus)(b) TC(c) P(ublicius) AperBe healthy and drink?? (Greek)[...Jcianus bibite r[..JDivixtus Metti lagona(m)olla d[e]ndrofororum Ve(r)(ulamiensium)Regillus donavit graffito on coarseware[Geniofelijciter c(enturiae) Ael(i) Romuli coarseware(a) Secundus Mario(b) Memnon sac for sec(utor)?? viii(c) Valentinu(s) legionis XXX graffito on coarseware

graffito on coarseware graffito on coarseware graffito on coarseware

graffiti on coarseware graffito on coarseware graffito on coarseware graffito on coarseware

Greek magical text Priminus mint(u)la Greek magical text verpa M(arci) Sept(imi) [IJnvidio fsjis mentula [P]riapi m(entula)

gold leaf stone slab gold leaf building stone building stone stone relief

(Table PI)Greetwell, Lines.CorbridgeSilchesterSilchesterCorbridgeBreconCamelonLeicesterBenwellChedworthNeatham, Hants.LondonLondon

Chester St. Albans Enfield, Middlesex

Harlow, Essex South Shields St. Albans Ospringe, Kent

Dunstable, Beds. Caerleon

Colchester

CaernarvonAdel, Yorks.YorkMaryportNetherbyBin-ens

RIB II (charms)2422.53 IXSAONC III2422.54 \\IXANOCSI2422.55 III INSXAOC2422.56 SOICXANC (final c reversed)2423.1 Charm, in Greek, against women2423.15 Charm in Greek2423.16 Charm in Greek2423.17 Charm in Greek2430.2 Greek magical text

(obscenities)2447. la [...]cacas<s>2447.28 fa) ac quis te cinaefdej

(b) Co[...J Civilis clusus est

bronze ring Caistor St. Edmundbronze ring Yatton, Somersetbronze ring Owslebury, Hants,bronze ring Owslebury, Hants.

's diseases haematite amulet Dicket Mead, Herts,amulet Thetfordamulet Silchesteramulet Colchestergold leaf Wood Eaton. Oxfordshire

(d) equa<g> ella CU10

fidisfidis

wallplaster

wallplaster

Alresford, Essex

Leicester

168

(Obscenities cont.)2447.39 [...]vapu[les?] 2450.3 (b) [?m]entularum [...]XINoni 2491.79 AM [...Jped(icator)?? 2491.157 [...] pedifcat] canufmj 2491.215 [...]VDII [?ped]ica[t] [...]VS??

wallplaster shale palette tegula tegula brick

(Table PI)SilchesterLondonFamingham, Kent (villa)ColchesterSilchester

Table PI: Education

Alphabets

RIB I3131^922131

Tab. Sulis1

RIB II2436.112437.1

2447.132454.3

2491.135

2491.1362491.1372491.1382491.139

2491.1402491.1412491.1422491.1432491.1442491.1452502.62502.72502.82503.162

2503.1632503.1642503.1652503.1662503.167

2503.168

ABCD...JDEFGHIKABCD

ABCDEFX

column Caerwentstone frag. Chestersmudstone frag. Traprain Law

lead sheet

XNXI or XNXN? lead sheet obv: A ABC CBDEFG DFGH (mostly cursive) rev: Sex(ti) lead cap [...JQRSTV (dipinto) wallplaster (a) IADN1RDIII BABABA BABD DDVDCV(b) CCCCCC CCCVCCCI MM IABCDEFGHIKLMNOPQ[. . .]ABCDEF[.]HIKL[...] (cursive)AB.CDEFIABCDHFF[AJABBDDEEf.J(a) figure of an animal?(b) ABC [...]

[A]BCDIIFGH.[...] .ATCDVF[...]

B VN C FABCDIKSVX (2502 - before firing)ABCDKNGQRSNOABC[...]ABCDEFGHIKLPNIMOQXTSV

(2503 - after firing) ABCDEFGf...](a) .AXBXCX (b) IIIOPHIOAN KN ABCDE[...] ABCDEFGHIf...] ABCDL

XVTSRQP ABIIFGHILMNO CD

mudstone

tegula fragment? pila brick polygonal tile

fragment?tegula?brickbrickbrickbrickfragment?coarseware sherdcoarseware basecoarseware sherd

coarseware sherd coarseware sherd coarseware vessel coarseware sherd coarseware sherd coarseware sherd

coarseware sherd

Bath

Box, Wilts, (villa)

Holt Clwyd York

Wroxeter

Caves Inn Wroxeter Exeter Cirencester

South ShieldsHoltLancasterWallsendRibchesterCanterburyCaerwent

York Richborough

Wall, Staffs.

Little Chester, Derbs. Colchester Chichester Chelmsford Chedworth villa Binsted Wyck, Hants.

(villa) Scole, Norfolk

169

(Education cont.) (Table PI)

Writing excercises RIB II2438.32491.2092491.2222503.364

Verse RIB II2447.9 2448.5 2ft8.6

2448.8

2491.146(1)

2491.146 (ii)2491.147

2491.148

2502.3

2502.51

2503.1042503.381

TV II 118

Palindromes RIB II2447.20

LACTABPVSAf...][...] SVIG[...] INSRBIDSEVVIf...]VI VIVl VIV1 VIVI.[...]Odeysus mis-spelt in Greek characters

stone roundel tegula tegula

coarseware frag.

Bina manu L[...] wallplaster Helicon in Greek capitals mosaic Invida si tafurij vidisset luno natatus lustius Aeolias isset adusque domos. mosaic(b) Neptuni vertex reg(i)men sortiti mobile ventis scul(p)tum cut cerulea es[t]

delfinis cincta duob[us](c) [nee mujnus perficis ullum[si dijgnare Cupido mosaicArmea me docuit recte(ti?)bi dicere cunctis tegulaArmea me docuit brickAustalis dibus XIIIvagatur sib(i) cotidim brickPertacus perfidusCampester LucilianusCampanus conticuere omnes box flue-tile

DorchesterNo. prov - villa Glos.? South Shields

Gayton Thorpe, Norfolk (villa)

Otford, Kent (villa) Aldborough

Lullingstone villa

Frampton villa, Dorset

Binchester Binchester

London

Silchester

(a) [.. Jata est mi [hi]felifx. ... .7 or felifciterj(b) [...]VCAS[...] coarseware frag. Elmswell, Humbersideline 5 of an undeciphered cursive graffitolooks like conticue[re] - Virgilian tag. coarseware frag. St. Albans[...Jlias multa sol(v)enda vides coarseware frag. St. AlbansPONIO [.. .JIIRJI. VNDIS coarseware frag. Shakenoak villa Oxfordshire

interea pavidam volitans pinnata (per) u(r)bemm-seg leaf tablet Vindolanda

ROTAS OPERA TENET AREPO SATOR wallplaster Cirencester

2494.98 ROTAS OPERATENE[T] amphore frag. Manchester

170

Table PI: Fun ami

RIB II2415.16

2438.1

2438.2

2438.42438.5 2439.1 2439.2-3 24,39.4-52439.62439.72439.82439.92439.102439.112439.122439.132439.142439.152439.162439.172439.18 2440.1-150 2440.151-381 2448.10

2491.1512491.1562501.5862503.119

2503.386

[Sorjs Mercurfi] the best lot in the lottery?(stamp) bronze trulla

obv: (a) ADALMA(b) donatus Lfeliciter

rev: Lopiscallus Saturnine obv: decem IV (in a frame) rev: OC (in a grid) Ventinus XAGRI BDRAM and M inverted MMILITIA PARATVS(a) PCI (b) VI POLL! PREMIATOR SEN SVPER TB TB VAK IXBone roundels bearing letters Bone roundels bearing numerals Lost mosaic showing charioteer inscribed: Servius or Severus ecum for equum? ludere l[...] Verecunda ludia Lucius gladiator(a) Secundus Mario(b) Memnon sac for sec(utor)?? viii(c) Valentinu(s) legionis XXX graffito on coarseware PR1MA + grid base of coarseware vessel

Glyn Dyfrdwy, Clwyd

Stone roundel Ashby de la Launde, Lines.

stone roundel stone roundel oval pebble pottery roundel pottery roundels pottery roundels pottery roundel pottery roundel pottery roundel pottery roundel pottery roundel pottery roundel pottery roundel pottery roundel pottery roundel pottery roundel pottery roundel pottery roundel pottery roundel

brick tegula redware frag.

Neath, W. Glam.LondonUskColchesterColchesterColchesterVindolandaNettleton, Wilts.ColchesterColchesterColchesterColchesterColchesterBar HillColchesterTraprain LawColchesterColchesterColchestervarious locationsvarious locations

Coleme, Wilts. Park Street, Herts. Colchester Leicester

Colchester Silchester

171

Table PI; Personal communication

Domestic matters Tabulae Vindolandenses II191 ..........;

condimenftcapreamsaltsporcellumpernatn....

in pfondo? frumenfti cervinfam

in pfondo? ad conditf

I capreaf{{s(umma) (denarii) [..}}

m 2 ? s(umma) (denarii) xxf m' brads.f

(denarios) if

(account of meat supplies for praelorium)

192

193

194

a Gawone bedocem (denarios) [ fabae m(odios) .v (denarios) [ lanae p(ondo) xxxiixfpfondo) . (denarios) xii s(emissem) (assem i)

tosseas Hi [ mellis m(odios) [ sagum [

s(umma) {{(denarii) lxx[}} (denarii) [

(account of edible and textile commodities received from Gavo)

Back:ratio Gavonis

(small quantities of food 'borrowed' and repaid?)Felicioni (centurioni) mutuo [ xii K(alendas) lunias

? rec() (m) condimentorum (sextarii) s(emissem) (denarii) s(emissem)m 2 ? rec() (m) halicae (sextarii) s(emissem) (denarii) (quadrantem) m 2 ? rec() (m) ova n(umero) iix (denarii) (quadrantem)

xii K(alendas) lulias

scutulfas ]ii[ par apsides [..]v{{ii}} acetabul[a Jiii ovaria Hi

in laterar[...] lancem scutul[a]m

compend[ia]rium et lucern[am] aeneam

panana [ Jiiiicalices [ Jii

in thefca]trullas [ ] theca

(inventory of equipment in the kitchen of the praelorium)

172

(Personal communication - domestic matters cont. - TVII) (Table PI)

195

196

tunica. [ paterf

iu. iola[ abollam abollam Back: m 1? Jcultrum

cubitori[a lodicum pa[r paenulas can[ de synthesi [ paenulas e[

et laenam e[t cenatoriaf sunthesi[ subpaenufl

(lists clothing, abollaml and a knife)

(list of mainly textile items, found in kitchen ofpraelorium)

10

subuclas b[ a Tranqufillo subpaenu[l {{a Tranquillfo}} a Broccho [

tunicas im[simici.f

tunicas cen[ Back: m- cervif

membra n(umero) [catacysen [ansatamanulos cum l[

197 calceos[ gallicula[s nearia [

(shoes, Gallic shoes, for the baths?)

203 xviii K(alendas) Septembres (menu for a meal? domestic arrangements of praetoriuml) offellam .[ pan is vini (sextarium) i [

208 ]... scutul.f ]m batavicof ]m alliatum ]nce vacat ]ulum condit[ J.ipe

(recipe? found in kitchen ofpraetorium)

173

(Personal communication - domestic matters cont. - TVII) (Table PI)

302 fabaefremae m(odios) duos (supply of foodstuffs for praetorium) pullos viginti mala si potes formonsa invenire centum ova centum ant ducenta si ibi aequo emantur Left margin: Jrio mulsi si ebr.f Jmus (sextarios) viii muriae .[ ].s medium olivae [.....

Britannia xxvii 1996300 no.land307 no.2 See Table Wl'Trade and Commerce'.

Personal and social matters

Tabulae Vindolandenses II

111 {{Flavius Cerialis}} vacat (draft of letter making some excuse?)vacat

{{natalem}} ^valetudinem* Cerialis met licuerit liquere enim {{vobis}} Ar;'6('A de animo

233 B (i) (a request for hunting nets) Flavius Cerialis Broccho

suo salutem si me amas frater rogo mittas mihi plagas. .........

(ii) fortissime vacat frusta exercias vacat

247 Lepidinam tuam a me saluta (close of a letter to Cerialis with a greeting for Lepidina) m- vale mi domine frater karissime

256 (i) (personal correspondence about a problem 11 / leisure activity?) [FIJavius Genialis Ceriali suo

salutem ex con[...].[.]s[..]eos quod penes te rem[. ...... J. adotibi ...t Genitofr .....]. em si enim .....

(ii)mihi quia aliquafnjdo sor.[..]de ill. fed eo adhuc per silviolas repto tutior illofuturus si remiseris m- vale domine

261 Hostilius Flavianus Cereali (New Year's greeting)suo salutem

annum ^novom^ faustum felicem

265 7 5 Ceriali SUO (about a sacrifice for the New Year)salutem

ego frater sacrificio diem Kalendarum sicut volueras dedi...

274 interess c... areas vacat? (close of letter to Cerialis with greeting for Lepidina) Lepidinam tuam saluta

174

(Personal communication - personal and social matters cont. TVll) (Table PI)

291 Cl(audia) Severa Lepidinae fsuae (an invitation to a birthday party (1 Ith Septenber) fromClaudia Severa to Sulpicia Lepidina)

sajlfujtemHi Idas Septembrfejs soror ad diem sollemnem natalem meum rogo libenter facias ut venias ad nos iucundiorem mihi [diem] interventu tuofactura si [.]•[...]s vacat Cerialfem tjuum saluta Aelius meus etfiliolus salutant m 2 sperabo te soror vale soror anima mea ita valeam karissima et have Back: m' Sulpiciae Lepidinae Cerialis a Sfejvera

292 (Severa has asked her husband, Brocchus, for permission to visit Lepidina) ..........salutem

I ego soror sicut tecum locutafueram et promiseram ut peterem a Broccho et venirem at te peti et res[po]ndit mihi (i)ta corde semp[er lijcitum una.....quomodocumque possim at tepervenire sunt enim necessaria quaedam quafej.......rem meum epistulas meas accipies quibus scies quidsim actura haec nobis.........ra eram et Brigae mansura. Cerialem tuum a me saluta.Back:m~ fvalje mfeaj soror karissima et anima ma desideratissima

m' Sulpiciae Lepidinae Ceria[li[s a Severa BfrocchiJ

293 m- vale.....soror karissima (fragment of a letter to Lepidina from Severa) m'..... [a] Severa

294 (part of a letter to Lepidina from an unknown corespondent about two remedies for (?) and fever) ]. a... na Lepidinfae suae]

sfalutem]ita sim salva domi[na] ut ego duas an[...]feram tibi alterfam ...] alteramfebric.[...] et idea me tibi e[...] sedquatenus m[.....

299 (a friend has sent the writer 50 oysters) .....] quodestprincipium epistulae meae tefortem esse.a Cordonovis amicus missit mihi ostria quinquaginta quo velociusfir[......Back:Lucio decurionfi] [..] teri

301 (correspondence between slaves about expenses for the Saturnalia) S[ev]er[u]s Candida suo

salutemsouxtum saturnalicium (asses) iiii aut sexs rogofrater explices et radices ne mi nus (denarii) s(emissem)

vale/rater

175

(Personal communication - personal and social matters cont. TVII) (Table PI)

310 (personal letter and supply of shears)Chrauttius Veldeio suofratri contubernali antique plurimam

salutemet rogo te Veldeifrater miror quod mihi tot tempus nihil rescripsti a parentibus nostris si quidaudieris out Quot.m in quo numero sit, et ilium a me salutabis {{s}} verbis meis. et Virilem veterinarium rogabis ilium utforficem quam mihi promissit pretio mittas per aliquem de nostris. et rogo tefrater Virilis salutes a me Thuttenam sororem. Velbuteium rescribas nobis cum... se habeat m 2 ? opt(o) sis felicissimus . vale Back: Londini Veldedeio equisioni co(n)s(ularis)

311 (personal exchange between friends with greetings for mutual acquaintances) Sollemnis Paridifratri plurimam

salutemut scias me recte valere quodte invicem fecisse cupio homo inpientissime qui mihi ne unam epistulam misisti sedputo me humanius facere qui tibi scribo..... ....tibifrater [...]..[...] contubernalem meum salutabis a me Diligentem et Cogitatum et Corinthum et rogo mittas mihi nomina..... m 2 traces in margin Back: m' Paridi...luc..or[.. cohjortis Hi Batavorum a Solemni....

312 (personal exchange between friends - writer mentions owing 10 denarii to recipient) .....] ad quern cum primum [potes rjogo venias. habemus enim [eum]f[amil]iarem. de rebus quas mihfij misseras non q.... ille sciat .e.... scri[p]sisses ............ djebeo tibi (denarios) x [...... Can]didum et Natalem [.....] ..umrogo aliquid[....jorum mihi mittas r[ogo] Vir[o]cium excipias bene

m- opto bene valeas val(e) Back: Coris T[ex]st[overdorum](?) Cessaucio Nigrino(?) dup(licario) a Tullioni

313 (about a priest and a festival?)..... sacerdotem quern rogo ut ad Verecundum praef(ectum) defes[.....

321 (a wish that something might turn out badly fot the recipient, Fadus - a joke??) ...] Fado suo

salutem opto male tibi eveniat ut per.......

322 (about the theft of a balteus in the slaves' bath-house?) ....... neo servoru[m] ..... et balteum me[..] mihi subripuerunt......

324 Fragmentary text. Appears to be a personal letter from a woman perhaps referring to arriving at Vindolanda(or Vinovia).

333 (reference to books from Arcanus) ...... ab Arcano an[...]. set libros exse[.....

353 (close of a letter with greetings for Pacata and all the recipient's household)Pacatam saluta verbis meis et tuos omnes cum quibus opto domine bene valeas

vale

176

(Personal communication - personal and social matters cont.) (Table PI)

Britannia xxvii 1996 326 (appendix) (letter from Maior to Maritimus - about a spindle for a cornmill?)Maior Maritimfo] sfuoj

salutemscire te volui epistulas mihi missas esse ab patri meo in quibus scribit mihi ut ei notumfaciam

quidgessero defussa. quod si ita gessisti negotium cum Caesarianis fac ut certum mihi [rjefsjscribas ut ego paftri] meo sic resscribere passim, si quid internumeraveris ego tibi sine mora bracem expellam pro s[[.]]umma. quod efflciatur. ego cum haec tibi scriberem lectum calfaciebafm]. opto sisfelicissimufsj. salutat te pafter m]e[us] val[e].

Left margin: [rogo s}i puerum missurus es mittes chirfografum] cum eo quo securior sim.Back: Vindolande Coccelio Maritimo [a Ma]i[o]re

111

AMALGAMATION OF SPELLING IRREGULARITY TABLES R12-15, Wll, F18 P8.

178

I, CHANGES TN VOWEL SOUNDS AND RELATED

From Table R12 - Religious dedications study group 1:RIB I:1433103243266597308108298978979139189199269669889889891041105611201212126613031320132913371523154515461576158618741875

1980214821482195

lebertusAgustinusprefectusMaeicia (h)adpertiniatdaeDelmatarumprefectusprefectuspretoreCesarisprefectidivineVagdavarcustusNervaneFelicessemusCocideopretorioprefectussancteSaena (h)DolochenoMinervedioOcianoprefectureAstorumdeVltinaprefectusBaudihillieSuperstispreestpreestFastusprefectusedempieprefectus

From Table R13 - ReligiousRIB I:67138149191281318623

Saegon. (h)BinignuscivesvictorieArnomecteFortuneBreganti

for libertusfor Augustinusfor praefectusfor Maeciafor adpertineatfor deaefor Dalmatarumfor praefectusfor praefectusfor praetorefor Caesarisfor praefectifor divinaefor Vagdavercustusfor Nervanaefor Felicissimusfor Cocidiofor praetoriofor praefectusfor sanctaefor Senafor Dolichenofor Minervaefor deofor Oceanofor praefecturafor Asturumfor deaefor Voltinafor praefectusfor Baudihilliae?for Superstesfor praeestfor praeest

Faustusfor praefectusfor aedem

piaefor praefectus

dedications study group 2:

for Segonfor Benignusfor civisfor victoriaefor Amemectae?for Fortunaefor Brigand

179

645144915281537190371284590292310521052108611411200152515261531153215331543159317801799189721022103

daedaedaedaedaeaureficinamHermionae (h)AteletusViboleiusEsculapiusVictorieMiti(us)MenervaDie CoventineCoventineAgustaCovetineCovontineDie MinerveBede / FimmilenedeeMeni Dadadiecolligniocolligni

forforforforforforforforforfor

forforforforforforforforforforforforforforfor

(Changes in vowel sounds cont.)deaedeaedeaedeaedeaeaurificinamHermioneAteus? Attius?laetusVibuleiusAesculapiusVictoriaeMetius?Minervadeae CoventinaeCoventinaeAugustaCoventinaeCoventinaeDeae MinervaeBedae / Fimmilenae?deaeMaenius Dada?deaecollegiocollegii

From Table R14 - British curses:TSMB2: (For letter references see Table R3, p. 32)4481010303030323232325154626565969797989899102DD

ExsupereusAgustalisSenicianussanctissimecaracellamBrigomallePatarnianusMatarausMinervepalleum (h)frudempaxsamSenicioconquaeror (h)paxsamMinerveredemat (h)ValaunecusanilumliminibusSenicianusMantuteneredemat (h)numendioEtterne

forforforforforforforforforforforforforforforforforforforforforforforforforfor

ExsuperiusAugustalisSenecianussanctissimaecaracallamBrigomallaePaternianusMaternusMinervaepalliumfraudempexamSenecioconquerorpexamMinervaeredimatVelaunecus?anulumluminibusSenecianusMantutenae?redimatnomendeoAetemae

180

EJJJJL1LLMOQRRSTRIB 7RIB7RIB 221RIB 306RIB 306RIB 306RIB 323

eraptumnessisanetatenesiquevendicasnumenemiSilvicolenessidonatormimbrapareatpraecibus (h)TitocuneancelailleussicretasigneficaturanilumSenicianidemediampalleum

forforforforforforforforforforforforforforforforforforforforforforfor

ereptumnisisanitatemnisiquaevindicasnominemeSilvicolaenisidonaturmembrapariatprecibusTitocunaeancillailliussecretasignificaturanulumSenecianidemidiampallium

(Changes in vowel sounds cont.)

From Table R15 - Miscellaneous religious dedications:RIB II:2417.72448.82422.33RIB I:631

Minerveceruleadae

mintla

for for for

for

Minervaecaeruleadeae

mentula

From Table Wll - Working life:

Building and quarrying:Functional:RIB I 439

1162164918181846

Honorific - thirdRIB I 179

43090597810911235

Manufacturing:RIB II 2402.4

2409.242409.242409.24

CesonianapiePompii?prefMaxsu

centurv :CesariSunic(orum)praf?baselicamprefpatrie

forforforforfor

forforforforforfor

Caesonianapiae (gen.)PompeipraefMaximi

CaesariSunucorumpraefbasilicampraefpatriae

(excluding potters' stamps)offe(cina)celaviValiMoguntius

forforforfor

officinacaelaviValeriusMogontius

181

2459.45, 622465.12491.22491.962491.962491.962491.1082491.1502496.6

Trade and commerce:RIB II 2446.4

2446.102446.102446.172446.19

Tabulae VindolandensesTV II 181

182184186186207343343343343343346

Administration:TV II 260RIB I 2225

22262253225722672311

J^Sliv,244, no.ll

Leg Ag (retro) forAle Sebusi. forcuniati formilis forprima forSunicor forSevirus? forcivitatis CorieltauvoromValirius for

diaglaucaeum (h) forcrysomaelinum (h)delicta forcollyruum fordealebanum for

11 (TV II)balniatore forexungiae forsagaciam forcervese (x2) forporcine forsagacias forarre forque forillec formale formae (h) forcontibemales for

lubentissime forAg. forAesuvio (h) forAg. forCes. forAg. forsimper forPostimo for

(Changes in vowel sounds cont.)LegAug (?)AlaecuneatimilesprimaeSunucorumSeverusfor CorieltauvorumValerius

diaglauciumchrysomelinumdelecta?collyriumdialibanum

balneatoreaxungiaesagaceamcervesae (gen.)porcinae (gen.)sagaceasarraequaeillaecmalaemecontubemales

libentissimeAug.EsuvioAug.Caes.Aug.semperPostumo

Travel and transportation:RIB II 2411.37

2411.85Business and Law:RIB II 2443.11

Agus(ta) forale for

Cesaris for

Augustaalae

Caesaris (A.D. 84-96)

From Table F18 - Funerary inscriptionsRIB I:Military deceased:108108109159201266356509518

civesitTrhaecum (h)civesSardicaAstorumaequesMacid(onicae)Antestius

forforforforforforforforfor

civisetThracumcivisSerdica?AsturumequesMacedonicaeAntistius

182

523 Cecilius for557 Vilix for612 perpetue for620 monimentum for678 cives for749 filie for907 ale for907 equis for1826 Vian(na) for Civilian deceased:23 pientissime for249 Maxsumi for251 Grecus for369 Vallaunius for373 piissime for374 lulie Senice for375 monimentum for507 Irene for507 castissime for558 Thesaeus (h) for560 Atiliane? for563 Fesonie Severiane594 socaere tenacissime?621 cives for677 Emilia for683 Aelie Severe for683 honeste femine for684 vite for684 gnate for684 nate for686 lulie Brice for686 Sepronie Marline for687 lul Fortunate for688 lulie Velve for690 Florentine for690 anime inocentissime690 que for694 Minne for710 Felicule for933 questorio for955 Grecus for958 Lucilie for959 carissime for1064 piantissime for1065 Carvallauna for1180 Ahtehe for1181 Ertole for1250 Lupule for1250 piissime for1482 Fabie Honorate for1482 filie dulcissime for1483 Vrse for1483 lulie for1558 pie for1620 Pervince for1620 Senicionis for1722 iacit for

(Changes in vowel sounds cont.)CaeciliusFelix?perpetuaemonumenrumcivisfiliae (nominative plural)alaeequesVienna

pientissimaeMaximiGraecusVellaunius?piissimaelulia SenicamonumentumIrenaecastissimaeTheseusAtilianae?Fesoniae Severianaesocerae tenacissimaecivisAemiliaAeliae Severaehonestae feminaevitaegnataenataeluliae BricaeSeproniae Martinaeluliae Fortunatae (or lulia Fortunata?)luliae VelvaeFlorentinaeanimae inocentissimaequaeMinnaeFeliculaequaestorioGraecusLuciliaecarissimaepientissimeCaruvellaunaAhtehae?Ertolae? or Ertola?LupulaepiissimaeFabiae Honorataefiliae dulcissimaeVrsaeluliaepiaePervincaeSenecionisiacet

183

1745 carissime for1829 pientissime for1829 dilectissime for1831 carissime for

maemoriae (h) forVictorine forBaib(ius) for

canssimaepientissimaedilectissimaecarissimaememoriaeVictorinaeBaebius

(Changes in vowel sounds cont.)

(JftSxlviil957227no. 8) (JftSxlvii 1957 227 no. 8) (JRSlv 1965 222 no. 9)

From Table P8 - Personal, social and domestic life: (RIB II unless other source stated) Ownership marks:2420.182427.4-122428.12501.1662501.1692501.3052501.3702501.3772501.4842501.5532503.2072503.2342503.2402503.2442503.2692503.3172503.3422503.3472503.3592503.3762503.3802503.382Britannia xxv

MedugenusDometiEbutiDubitateEliLucileMaxumiMelenioSaeseTungreBebiConneDecumaDiseteGetlMarcuriMelitineMenervinusNeviusPerigrinapoeriPostimia

1994 308, nos. 84-5:Silvicole

forforforforforforforforforforforforforforforforforforforforforfor

for

Medigenus?DomitiAebuti?DubitataeAeli?LucillaeMaxim iMelanioSaesaeTungraeBaebiConnaeDecimaDisetaeGaetulus?Mercuri?Melitene?MinervinusNaevius?PeregrinapueriPostumia

Silvicolae

Salutations, slogans, charms and obscenities2420.30 Ingenuae vivas (h) for Ingenue vivas2422.622422.662447.28b2447.28d2448.7a2491.792491.157RIB I 631

mivaliatisclususfidisframmeferpedicator?pedicat?mintla

for for for for for for for for

mevaleatisclaususfides?framifer?paedicatorpaedicatmentula

Education2448.8a cerulea for caerulea

Fun and games2503.119 sac for secutor?

184

(Changes in vowel sounds cont.) Personal communicationTabulae Vindolandenses II:227 Cerialis for Cerealis (regularly so in the Vindolanda texts but Cereali

in 261) Britannia xxvii 1996 326-8:

Vindolande for Vindolandae

185

2. ELISION OF MFDIAL VOWEL AND RELATED HYPERCORRECTIONS.

From Table R12 - Religious dedications study group 1: RIB I:600 sanctssimo? for 796 vexlatione for 1127 discipulinae (earlier) for 1225 Mogonito (h) for 1396 Decmus for 1696 superors for 1978 discipulinae for 2177 Hercli for

sanctissimovexillationedisciplinae (acceptable alternatives)MogontiDecimussuperiorisdisciplinae (acceptable alternatives)Herculi

From Table R13 - Religious dedications study group 2: RIB I:193 Imilco (h) for Imilco 987 Auntinus for Aventinus 1053 Congennccus for Congennicus

From Table R14 - British curses:TSMB2 : (For letter references see Table R3, p. 32)99 hosipitio (h) for hospitio RIB 323 domna for domina

From Table R15 - Miscellaneous religious dedications:RIB II:2417.28 2448.8 RIB I:631

emita (h) regmen

mintla

for for

for

emta (empta) regimen

mentula


Building and quarrying:Functional:RIB I 1570Manufacturing:RIB II 2409.9

2415.402428.152491.72491.82491.1142491.147

Trade and commerce:TV II 215Administration:RIBI 311TV II 214

Procli

ProcleianiMaxminusRegnFteglateg?felicterAustalis

corniclario

Lugudunensisfraterclo

for

forforforforforforfor

for

(h)forfor

Proculi

ProculeianiMaximinusReginus fecittegulategulamfeliciterAugustal is

corniculario

Lugdunensis fraterculo

186

Travel and transportationRIB II 2410.12 Felci(s)

2443.4 Lugvaliofor for

(Elision of medial vowel cont.)

Felicis Luguvalio

From Table F18 - Funerary inscriptions RIB I:Military deceased:256 milts369 Exupertus 478 vetrano495 vetranus495 seplirus 540 milt(is) Civilian deceased:240 Decmus262 Carssouna369 piissma 566 Restitae594 Dubtatae?685 Augstinus 769 imagnifri 1065 Catvallauna1256 substitus

forfor forforfor for

forforfor forforfor for forfor

militisExuperatus veteranoveteranussepelitus militis

DecimusCarassounapiissima RestitutaeDubitataeAugustinus imaginiferi Catuvellaunasubstitutus

From Table P8 - Personal, social and domestic life: (RIB II unless other source stated) Ownership marks2445.32 Ursli for Ursuli 2501.349 Martnus for Martinus 2501.418 Ostla for Ostila 2503.269 Getl for Gaerulus

Salutations, slogans, charms and obscenities2415.54 ...citr for feliciter? 2491.147 Austalis for Augustalis RIB 1631 mintla for mentula

Education2448.8a regmen

Personal communicationTabulae Vindolandenses II: 310-6 rescripsti

for

for

regimen

rescripsisti

187

3. CHANGES IN SOTTNDING OF CONSONANTS AND RELATED

From Table R12 - Religious dedications study group 1:N/A

From Table R13 - Religious dedications study group 2:RIB I:1 bagis bitam 99 fegit 1897 Latis 2043 Lati

for vagis vitam (imported)for fecitfor Ratis?for Rati?

From Table R14 - British curses: (For letter references see Table R3, p. 32)S vissacio for bissacio??

From Table R15 - Miscellaneous religious dedications:N/A


Manufacturing:RIB II 2442.6 Galvisi

2489.14 tecularTrade and commerce:TV II 343 aliquit

343 quitRIB II 2446. ll(c) atAdministration:TV II 248 it quotBusiness and LawRIB II 2443. 15 petisionis

forfor

for for for

Calvisi?tegularinae

aliquid quid ad

for

for

id quod

petitionis

From Table F18 - Funerary inscriptions :RIB I:Military deceased:108 eqes for eques 253 Saliga for Salica?

From Table P8 - Personal, social and domestic life: (RIB II unless other source stated) Ownership marks2441.4 eqitis for 2442.16 Novixi for 2501.54 Recini for 2503.444 parbo for Fun and games

equitisNovicii?Regini?parvo (uncertain reading / interpretation)

188

4, GREEK LFTTFRS . VARIOUS RENDERINGS AND RELATED

From Table R12 - Religious dedications study group 1RIB I:66143147726897102213951527154615991600

17251792216020912096

PanteraEutuchesDionisiasSuriaeTusdroDolycheno (h)MytraeNimphaeMitraeMitraeMitraeDolicenoSuriaeNimphisarcitectusarcitectus

forforforforforforforforforforforforforforforfor

PantheraEutychusDionysiusSyriaeThysdroDolichenoMithraeNymphaeMithraeMithraeMithraeDolichenoSyriaeNymphisarchitectusarchitectus

From Table R13 - Religious dedications study group 2:RIB I:62810221526

Senopianus for XenophianusDolycheno (h) for DolichenoNimfae for NymphaeNympis for Nymphis (Britannia XVI, 1983, 337 no. 11)

From Table R14 - British curses:

897

carta Euticius

for charta for Eurychius

From Table R15 - Miscellaneous religious dedications:RIB II:2448.8 delfinis for delphinis 2503.122 ..olicen.. for Dolicheno


Building and quarrying:Functional:RIB I 803 Traq for

Honorific - third centurv: RIB I 1909 Tracum for

1235 Partici for Trade and commerce: RIB II 2446.10(d) crsoma(e)lin(u)m for

Thracum

Thracum Parthici

chrysomaelinum

189

(Greek letters cont.) Travel and transportation:RIB II 2411.152-6 Tr(acum) for Thr(acum)

2411.187-92 Tr(acum) for Thr(acum)

From Table F18 - Funerary inscriptions : RIB I:Military deceased:

6610912120129111751620Civilian2636951830

PanteraTrhaecumTracumTracumTirintiusDonisiusDelfinusdeceased:CrysidiStepan(us)SenofilusEutichianus


forforforfor

PantheraThracumThracumThracumTirynthius?DionysiusDelphinus

ChrysidiStephanusXenophilusEutychianus (Britannia iii 1972 352 no. 2)

From Table P8 - Personal, social and domestic life: (RIB II unless other source stated) Ownership marks2494.113 Carito for Charito? 2503.358 Nicefori for Nicephorou?

Education2448.8a delfinis for delphinis

Personal communicationTabulae Vindolandenses II:196-8 sunthesi... for synthesi...

190

5. GEMTNATF.n PQNSONANTS CONFUSION ABOUT DOUBLE OR SINGLE rnNsrnvrANTS AND RELATED HYPERCORRECTIONS (hi

From Table R12 - Religious dedications study group 1: RIB I:147 imaginniferi (h) for imaginiferi 563 Apolini for Apollini 944 Bassilius(h) for Basilius 1041 Sebosiannae (h) for Sebosianae 1131 Apolinaris for Apollinaris 1143 Brittannicae (h) for Britannicae 1523 retulit for rettulit 2117 vexilarius for vexillarius

From Table R13 - Religious dedications study group 2:RIB I:141 colegio281 Motio1053107715391805

Congennccus Auffidius Tranquila Deccius

for collegiofor Mottio?for Congennicusfor Aufidiusfor Tranquillafor Decius

From Table R14 - British curses:TSMB24591730323237475155556598DE,RI,MTRIB 6RIB 7RIB 306

: (For letter references see Table R3, p. 32)CatusmaniciliaCatiniusLucianusCatoniusnissiretulerintlaseturexxigi (h)BelatorrecentisimiDacusnessiAessicunia (h)Etterne (h)nissinessiancelaTyranuspossitt (h)nollis(h)

forforforforforforforforforforforforforforforforforforforforfor

Cattus?manicilliaCattiniusLuccianusCattoniusnisirettulerintlassetur?exigiBellatorrecentissimiDaccus?nisiAesicuniaAetem(a)enisinisiancillaTyrannuspossitnolis

From Table R15 - Miscellaneous religious dedications:RIB II:2422.21' Sucelus for Sucellus

191

From Table Wll - Working life:(Geminated consonants cont.)

Building and quarrying:Functional:RIB I 355 tesera(rius) for tesserarius

1009 oficina for officina1566 vexilat(io) for vexillatio1658 lulliVal for luliorTulli?1952 Apolonius for Apollonius

Honorific - second century:RIB I 1322 vexilatio for vexillatio Honorific - third century: RIB I 179 opressa for oppressa

605 Sebussian(ae) for Sebosianae1705 Britani(co) for Britanni(co)

Manufacturing: RIB II 2428.16 Titulim for Titulli m(anu?)

2481.99 Clasis for Classis2491.114 Polio for Pollio2491.114 colegio for collegio

Trade and commerce:TV II Doubling a consonant after a long vowel is standard practice with some of the military scribes at Vindolanda; those who do so are consistent (see J N. Adams JRS kxxv, 1995). Numerous examples ofmissi for misi, promissit forpromisit.

343 nissi (h) for nisi Travel and transportation RIB II 2443 in Britania for in Britannia

From Table F18 - Funerary inscriptionsRIB I:Military deceased:156 anorum156 colegio256 anorum293 anorum483 Meti488 anis524 Stelatina670 anis787 Tittus (h)858 anis934 anisCivilian deceased:

20 Atia377 messes558 anis694 Minne786 carisim(ae)955 accomodatam959 Apolinaris984 Pussitta (h)1171 vexilarius1171 anos1180 anis

forforforforforforforforforforfor

forforforforforforforforforforfor

annorumcollegioannorumannorumMettiannisStellatinaannisTitus?annisannis

Attia?me(n)sesannisMinae?carissimaeaccommodatamApollinarisPusittavexillariusannosannis

192

1181 anis for 1254 anum for 1558 anis for Deceased of uncertain status: 123 anos for 909 anos for

(Geminated consonants cont.)annisannumannis

annos annos

From Table P8 - Personal, social and domestic life: (RIB II unless other source stated) Ownership marks2501.54 Ani for Anni2501.55 luliuss for lulius? 2501.305 Lucile for Lucille 2503.112 ola for olla 2503.364 Odeysus for Odysseus

Salutations, slogans, charms and obscenities2447. la cacass for cacas

Personal communicationTabulae Vindolandenses II: 203 offellam for 299-3 missit for 310-13 promissit for

ofellammisit (deliberate use of archaic spelling)promisit

193

6, LOSS OF FIN AT rpNSONANT.

From Table R12 - Religious dedications study group 1: RIB I:3267268829131016

cuaraedonaviara

for for for for for

cumaramet?*donavitaram

*possibly ligatured ETP

From Table R13 - Religious dedications study group 2: RIB I:1017105411261126120915311775177615321694

feciob redituaraposuisacruvotuvotuvotuslvi?ara

forforfor

forforforforforfor

fecitob reditumaramposuitsacrumvotumvotumvotumsolvit?aram

From Table R14 - British curses:TSMB2: (For letter references see Table R3, p. 32)55556313238399497HH

suaperdidiinvolavidestinaanimasuuapaxsapertulerianimadeae Sulihabecufiae

JJLLSRIB7RIB7RJB7RIB7RIB 306

sanetatesalutedie novemumolavitaTretiaMarianoperfera

for for for for for for for for for for for for for

suasperdiditinvolavitdestinatan imamsuampaxsampertuleritan imamdeae Sulishabeatcufiamet

forforforforforforforforfor

sanitatemsalutemdies novemutmolamvitamTretiamMariamnon

for perferat

194

(Loss of final consonant cont.)

From Table R1S - Miscellaneous religious dedications:N/A


Building and quarrying:Functional:RIB I 1016 ara forHonorific - third century:RIB I 1738 provincia for

1912 inlabe forManufacturing:RIB II 2463.59 tegula for

2490.6 Cabriabanu for 2491.1 tubu for

Business and LawRIB II 2443.7 curaagas for

aram

provinciam (regente) in labem (conlapsum)

tegulamCabriabanustubum

curam agas

From Table F18 - Funerary inscriptions : RIB I:Military deceased:2922923603655341713

Civilian1835941254

uvaaquacura agentecura agent(e)cura a(gente)procuravivisideceased:viximemoriadie


forforfor

uvamaquamcuram ageicuram ageicuram agerprocuravitvixit (J

vixit?memoriamdies

(JRS\iii 1963 160 no. 4)

From Table P8 - Personal, social and domestic life: (RIB II unless other source stated) Ownership marks2501.533 Tallu for Tallus?

Salutations, slogans, charms and obscenities2422.77 vita volo for vitam volo 2503.111 lagona for lagonam? (sc. dedit?)

Fun and games2503.119 Valentinu for Valentinus

195

7. REDUCTIONS AND CHANGES IN THE SOUNDING OF GROUPED CONSONANT?,

From RIB I429590653659882919122415291791190519822042

Table R12 - Religious dedications study group 1:

conlabsumSeproniAudesattigamPonpeianotramarinistramarinislibescontigitBanniessesOpsequenteistante

for collapsumfor Sempronifor Audensfor attingamfor Pompeianofor transmarinisfor transmarinisfor libensfor contingit?for Banniensesfor Obsequentefor instante

From Table R13 - Religious dedications study group 2: RIB I:70 conlegio151 scultor1919241455204412641335131815321700

campesiumsactosactosactoHerculenti (h)sangtotramarinislibesVindolandesses

for collegiofor sculptorfor campestriumfor sanctofor sanctofor sanctofor Herculifor sanctofor transmarinisfor libensfor Vindolandenses

From Table R14 - British curses:TSMB2: (For letter references see Table R3, p. 32)431325252DHMOTRIB 6RIB7

como(do)cusreliquasquandiutandiuividiaqodcoscientiamprolocunturparetaiordeficusmetem

for quomodofor quisfor relinquasfor quamdiufor tamdiufor invidiafor quodfor conscientiamfor proloquunturfor parentatur?for defictusfor mentem

From Table R15 - Miscellaneous religious dedications:RIBH:2417.282431.12448.82502.1

emita conplevit scultum Merqurio

for for for for

empta complevit sculptum Mercuric

196

(Grouped consonants cont.)


Building and quarrying:Functional:RIBI 718

803143116721673

Honorific - third centurv:RIB I 605

74779197917381912

Manufacturing:RIB II 2444.51

2460.922490.6

Trade and commerce:RIB II 2446.19

2446.21TVII 181

186302302344

Administration:TV II 127

344

Sanqus forTraq(um) forHortesi forLendinesis forLendiniesis for

conlabsum fordilabsum fordilabsum forconlabsum forconlabsum forconl(apsum) for

Lutudares forVit(rix) forCabriabanu(s) for

inpetum forinpetum foremtis forMasuetus forfrensae (h) forformonsa (h) fortrasmarinum for

inpedimenta fortrasmarinum for

SancusThracumHortensiLendiniensisLendiniensis

collapsumdilapsumdilapsumcollapsumcollapsumcollapsum

LutudarensisVictrixCambriabanus?

impetumimpetumemptisMansuetusfresae / fressaeformosatransmarinum

impedimentatransmarinum

From Table F18 - Funerary inscriptions :RIBIMilitary deceased:1 1 inconparabili156 fabriciesis159 Cauriesis361 coniux369 defuntus491 coniux505 coniux508 Anniesis535 Pomentina679 Cresces1713 coniux2029 coniuxCivilian deceased:25 coniux1 1 1 coniux202 coniuux265 conpare

for incomparabilifor fabriciensisfor Cauriensisfor coniunxfor defunctusfor coniunxfor coniunxfor Anniensisfor Pomptinafor Crescensfor coniunxfor coniunx

for coniunxfor coniunxfor coniunxfor compare

197

37137759462162168668610641064124817141747

coniuxmessesconiuxVerecudaconiuxSepronieSeproniuseqitisprosequtusmesibusmemsesPervicaemeseIgennus

Deceased of unknown123909

Incenuinaconiux

forforforforforforforforforforforforforfor

status:forfor

coniunxmensesconiunxVerecundaconiunxSempronieSemproniusequitisprosecutusmensibusmensesPervincaemenses 2Ingenuus

Ingenua?coniunx

(Grouped consonants cont.)

(Britannia in 1972 352 no.) (Britannia ni 1972 352 no.)

From Table P8 - Personal, social and domestic life: (RIB II unless other source stated) Ownership marks2427.21.1 Cresces for Crescens 2503.311 Masuetus for Mansuetus

Education2448.8a scultum for sculptum

Fun and games2440.28 caled(ae)

Personal communicationTabulae Vindolandenses II:301-3 souxtum302-3 formonsa (h)

for

for for

calendae

sumptum formosa

198

8. VARIOUS RFNDFRINGS OF X.

From Table R12 - Religious dedications study group 1: RIB I:1724 vexsillatio for vexillatio 1523 Frixiavonum for Frisiavonum

JRS\ii 1962 192, no.8: Proxsimus for Proximus


From Table R14 - British curses:TSMB2: (For letter references see Table R3, p. 32)9913 15 30 32 34 37 37 62 Q

ExsactorussorEspeditusdestraleussorpaxsaexsigaturMasentiuslaseturpaxsamlaset

for Exactorfor uxorfor Expeditesfor dextralefor uxor

pexa exigatur Maxentius laxetur?

for for for for for for

pexam laxet



Building and quarrying:Functional: RIB I 352

10161846

Trade and commerce: RIB II 2446.25 TV II 181

309343

Administration: RIB I 2224

MaxsimisexsMaxsu

Senis vexsillari axses vexsare

for for for

for for for for

MaximisexMaximi

Senex vexillarii axes vexare

Exsuvio (h) for Esuvio

199

From Table F18 - Funerary inscriptions : RIB I:Military deceased:

(Various renderings of X cont.)

1212014888041254

Civilian16324937437537775086390890895998412491621

exsexs[vix]sitvicsitvixsitvisideceased:SestiusMaxsumivics/vigsAlesandervixsitvixsitvixxitvigsitsegsagintavixsitvixsitvicsitvicsit

forforforforforfor

forforforforforforforforforforforforfor

exexvixitvixitvixitvixit (J

SextiusMaximivix(it)Alexandervixitvixitvixitvixitsexagintavixitvixitvixitvixit

(JRS\\i\ 1963 160 no. 4)

From Table P8 - Personal, social and domestic life: (RIB II unless other source stated) Ownership marks2417.18 Isxarninus for Ixarninus? 2503.256 Exuperatus for Exsuperatus

Personal communicationTabulae Vindolandenses II: 301-4 sexs for sex

200

9, LOSS OF MFT>TAL CONSONANT AND RELATED HYEERCORRFPTTONS (M

From Table R12 - Religious dedications study group 1: RIB I:1524 Cubernorum for Cugemorum

From Table R13 - Religious dedications study group 2: RIB I:

for Sulevis for luventius

105187309 10172102 2103

Suleisluentiuscollegni (h) Riocalaticollignio (h) colligni (h)

for for for for

collegi Rigocalati collegio collegi

From Table R14 - British curses:TSMB2: (For letter references see Table R3, p. 32)9,36,39, serus for servus 49,62, serus for

serus forserus forserus forRiovassumeveit

65, 66,87. 97,102, T53HH capolareRIB 306 devo (h)

servusservusservusservus

for Rigovassum for evehit for capitolare for deo



Building and quarrying:Functional:RIB I 1858 Vesui for VesuviManufacturing:RIB II 2491.147 Austalis for Augustalis

Travel and transportation:RIB i 2225 Esuio for Esuvio

2226 Aesuio for Esuvio 2238 Piaonio for Piavonio

201

(Loss of medial consonant cont.) From Table F18 - Funerary inscriptions : RIB I:Military deceased:109 Frisiaus for Frisiavo670 coiunx for coniunxCivilian deceased:710 coiugi for coniugi955 Flas for Flavius (graphic shortening?)984 cis for civis (graphic shortening?)

Duianus for Duvianus (JRSl\ 1965 222 no. 9) Deceased of unknown status: 912 coiux for coniunx

From Table P8 - Personal, social and domestic life: (RIB II unless other source stated) Ownership marks2441.9 luliao for luliavo? (uncertain reading) 2501.525 Suais for Suavis? 2503.222 Caus for Cavus?

Salutations, slogans, charms and obscenities2503.104 solenda for solvenda?

Education2491.147 Austalis for Augustalis

202

10. MISCELLANEOUS CONTRACTIONS AND GLIDES.

From Table R12 - Religious dedications study group 1: RIB I:601 eiius for eius 780 souis for suis 1538 huus for huius


From Table R14 - British curses:TSMB2:314447, A 65 S

(For letter references see Table R3, p. 32)suuasanguemsangunesangunadevo

for suam (hiatus-filling/glide)for sanguinem?for sanguinefor sanguinefor a deo



Building and quarrying:Eunctional:RIB I 279

34034146857913091440150017721937203220772156

Honorific - third centurv:RIB I 1235Honorific - fourth centurvRIB I 1912Manufacturing:RIB II 2491.96Trade and commerce: TV II 186

192207


chochochorchort?chorchotchochochochoastatichocho

hac (x2)

copert(um)

cortis

Februuarisa Gavvonea Gavvone

chortis

forforforforforforforforforforforforfor

for

for

for

forforfor

for

cohortiscohortiscohortiscohortiscohortiscohortiscohortiscohortiscohortiscohortish astaticohortiscohortis

ac (hyperc

coopertum

cohortis

Februariisa Gavonea Gavone

cohortis

ac (hypercorrection assuming lost aspirate)

203

Travel and transportation:RIB II 2411.121 ch for

(Miscellaneous contractions and glides cont.)

cohortis

From Table F18 - Funerary inscriptions : RIB I:Military deceased:109121256481612769

Civilian377677683696937

e(res)choispanisepuls?eiiusimagnfri

deceased:Ibernae(res)euse(res)YlaeOnerata



herescohortisHispanisepultuseiusimaginiferi

Hibemaheres?eiusheres?HylaeHonorata (Britannia viii 1977 429 no. 15)

From Table P8 - Personal, social and domestic life: (RIB II unless other source stated) Ownership marks2501.261 Ipponic(i) for Hipponici 2503.170 Abiti for Habiti

Salutations, slogans, charms and obscenities2448.7a omicida for homicida

Personal communicationTabulae Vindolandenses II: 291-14 have for ave (deliberate archaism)

204

11. CHANGES AND ERRORS IN THE FORMS OF NOUNS / ADJECTIVES.

From Table R12 - Religious dedications study group 1: RIB I:796 dibus for <jis 926 dibus for dis 2109 dibus for dis

From Table R13 - Religious dedications study group 2: RIB I:

for Nemetonaefor serie (5th decl.)for Bono Eventufor matrifor disfor disfor disfor disfor disfor dis

14014131845514561457160517291730180318041805

Nemetonaseris( 1st decl.)bono Eventomatredibusdibusdibusdibusdibusdibusdibusdibus

for for

dis dis

From Table R14 - British curses:TSMB2: (For letter references see Table R3, p. 32)4 dua (h) for4 illas (f.pl.) (e?) for60 pannum for65 de for66 pannum ferri for94 ad fontem deae Suli for94 (e)99 vitae suae (e) forA, B,H,M mascel forA pecunie (e) forD Mercurius forD aliam negotium forD me forJ diebus (e) forL de iste numine (e?) forL Metunus forRIB 307 deo Nudente for

duoilia (n.pl.)pannam - pan?deapannam ferri?ad fontem deae Sulis

vita sua (ablative) masculuspecunia (ablative) Mercuric (dative) alium negotium mei (gen.) dibus?ab isto nomine Neptune (vocative deo Nodenti (dat.)

From Table R15 - Miscellaneous religious dedications:

RIB II:2420.17,20,21 deii for dei 2420.22 Fauni(gen) for Fauno (dat)

205

From Table Wll - Working life:(Changes in forms of nouns / adjs. cont.)

Building and quarrying:Functional:RIB I 1154Honorific - second centuryRIB I 1462Manufacturing:RIB II 2491.147Trade and commerce:RIB II 2446.2TV II 180

309309344346

vexillus for

Pertinace for

dibus for

ad diathesis legionaribus modiola (n.pl.) radia (n.pl.) valetudini subligariorum


vexillum

Pertinaci (dat.)

diebus?

ad diathesimlegionariismodiolos (m.pl.)radios (m.pl.)valetudine (abl.)subligarium (gen.pl. of subligar)


263TV II 344

iaculos (m.pl)equestrevaletudini

for for for

iacula (n.pl.) equestri (abl.) valetudine (abl.)

From Table F18 - Funerary inscriptions :Military deceased: N/A Civilian deceased: N/A

From Table P8 - Personal, social and domestic life: (RIB II unless other source stated) Ownership marks:2420.17 deii for dei2420.20 deii for dei2420.21 deii for dei

Salutations, slogans, charms and obscenities2420.1 Aeternus vivas for Aeterne vivas 2491.147 dibus for diebus

(vocative case ceased to be used)

Personal communicationTabulae Vindolandenses II: 261 novom for novum (archaic spelling, not an error)

206

12. CHANGES AND FRRQRS IN THE FORM OF VERBS.

From Table R12 - Religious dedications study group 1: RIB I:772 posivit for posuit

From Table R13 - Religious dedications study group 2: RIB I:274 donarunt for 307 promissit for 923 posuvit for 1529 possivit for 1592 possivit for 1606 posuvit for 1729 possit for

donaveruntpromisitposuitposuitposuitposuitposuit

From Table R14 - British curses:TSMB2:44162

B

BURIB 306

(For letter references see Table R3, p. 32)liquat foradsellare (VL active) forperdedi forexesuerit (e?) for

pariat (e?) for

servat forfuravit (VL active) forperdedit for

liqueatadsellari (CL deponent)perdidiexedit - consumed?confused with esurio - to hunger?pariet ? (present subjunctive ofpariare, to settle - rare)serviatfuratus est (CL deponent)perdidit

From Table R15 - Miscellaneous religious dedications: RIB II:2448.3 possuit for posuit


Building and quarrying:Honorific - third centurv: RIB I 180 Manufacturing: RIB II 2414.20

2456.12Trade and commerce: TV II 255

310314343343

condedit

fict feccit

for

for for

condidit

fecit fecit

adprobasserescripsticommodastipetissemexplesse

forforforforfor

adprobavisserescripsisticommodavistipetiissemexplevisse

207

(Changes / errors in form of verbs cont.) Administration:TV II 130,134-5,139.

145,150. qui debunt for qui debent (6 examples)

From Table F18 - Funerary inscriptions RIB I:Military deceased:670 possuit for posuit Civilian deceased:10 possuit for posuit 621 posit for posuit 689 posit for posuit 1420 posiit for posuit

From Table P8 - Personal, social and domestic life:

Personal communicationTabulae Vindolandenses 11:233 exercias for exsarcias

208

13. corymsTON OVER PROPER NAMES.

From Table R12 - Religious dedications study group 1: RIB I:324 Sallienius792 Swbrius1225 Mogonito1269 Moguntibus1523 Convetinae1524 Conventine1534 Cowentinae1535 Cowentinae1538 Swevae?2134 Iminthonius

for Sallienusfor Subriusfor Mogontifot Mogontibus?for Coventinaefor Coventinaefor Coventinaefor Coventinaefor Suevae?for Minthonius

From Table R13 - Religious dedications study group 2RIB I:143 Eutuches307 Deo Nudente759 Deo Belatucadro*776 Deo Belatucadro773 Deo Balatucairo774 Deo Blatucairo1521 Deo Belleticauro1775 Deo Baliticauro1776 DoBlatucadro1784 Do Marti Belatucairo2039 Deo Belatocadro1976 Deo Belatugagro2056 Deo Belatocairo921 DeoMogti922 Deo Mounti971 Deo Mogont. Vitire1226 Deo Mouno660 Deo Veteri*1139 Deo Veteri1548 Deo Veteri1697 Deo Veteri1698 Deo Veteri1793 Deo Veteri1794 Deo Veteri2068 Deo Veteri1456 Dibus Veteribus1605 Dibus Veteribus1606 Dibus Veteribus1699 Dibus Veteribus1729 Dibus Veteribus173 Dibus Veteribus1803 Dibus Veteribus *925 Vicribus973 Deo Huetiri1046 DeoVitiri1047 Daeabs Vitiribus1048 DeabsVitbus1087 Deo Vit1103 DeoVitiri

for Eutychusfor Nodenti

for Belatucadro?

for Mogonti?

for Moguno

for Veteribus?for Deo Hueteri / Veteri??

209

1104 DeoVitiri1140 Deo Vitiri1141 Vlt1335 DeoVetri1336 Vitirbus 1455 Deo Vitiri1457 Dibus Vitiribus1458 Do Votri 1549 Huiteribus1602 Deo Hueteri1603 Deo Huitri1604 Deo Veteribus 1728 Deo Vetiri 1796 Deo Vetiri1799 DeoVitiri1800 DeoVitiri1804 Dibus Viteribus1805 Dibus Vitiribus 2069 Huitiribus 1522 Deae Conventinae 1531 Covetina Agusta 1533 Deae Covontine

Mabomi Deo Mogunti Dibus Veteribus Veteribus Deo Veteri Deo ANSV Vitiri

(Confusion over proper names cont.)

for Deae Coventinae

for Maponi? (JRS, 1968,207,no.28) for Deo Mogonti (Britannia IV, 1973, 329, no. 10

no. 11 no. 12)

(Britannia V, 1974, 461, no.3) (Britannia XVIII 1987, 368, no.7)

*Bold type indicates commonly accepted form but since these names were transmitted orally there is no definitive written form.

From Table R14 - British curses:(For letter references see Table R3, p. 32)L Metunus for Neptunus?

Xsuparanti for Exsuperatius

From Table R15 - Miscellaneous religious dedications:RIB II:2420.18 Medugeni forMedigeni


Building and quarrying:Functional: RIB I 718

167216731673171118221845

SanquDurtroDurotragLendiniensisvlerCassiainDumni

forforforforforfor

SancusDurotrigumDurotrigumLindiniensis?Valeriani?Cassiani

for Dumnoniorum

210

(Confusion over proper names cont.)Honorific - third century;RIB I 605

1324Manufacturing:RIB II 2428.9

2465.12496.6

Trade and commerce:TV II 181RIB II 2446.11(a)Administration:RIB I 2224

22492250226323062307

7/tSliv,224,no.ll

Sebussian(ae)Vangon(um)

Bonos feSebusi(anae)Marials

IngenusIvenis

ExsuvioCanstaantianoNumorianoTroianoXenephonteNuberianoCasianoLatin iano

forfor

forforfor

forfor

forforforforforforforfor

v — _ -- - — — - _- K

SebosianaeVangion(um)

Bonus fecitSebosianaeMartialis

Ingenuusluvenis

EsuvioConstantinoNumerianoTraianoXenophonte? (cf.2299)NumerianoCassianoLatinio

Travel and transportationRIB II 2410.8 Setinus for Sextinus?

From Table F18 - Funerary inscriptionsRIB I:Military deceased:157 Amiensis for 479 Celea for 512 Oia for 535 Pomentina tribu for 557 Vilix for Civilian deceased: 562 Dinysia for 1171 Palmorenus for

Aniensis? Celeia OeaPomptina tribu Felix?

Dionysia Palmyrenus


Personal communicationTabulae Vindolandenses II: 192-1 a Gawone 310-1 Veldeio

for a Gavone? (see ratio Gavonis in line 10)) for Veldedeio? (both spellings occur in this letter)

211

H^GRAMMATir AT, CONFUSION.

From Table R12 - Religious dedications study group 1: RIB I:897 - confusion of datives and ablatives (coniugi...totaque domu divind) where genitives are required

following pro salute.

1142 - genitive used for dative: praesentissimi numinis del v(otum) s(olvit).

1265 - ablative (imperante ) occurs instead of genitive, again following pro salute.

1529 - libes animo for libente animo.

1589 - no subject for the verb posuit.The name of the dedicator seems to have been included in the pro salute formula in confusion. Perhaps the draft should have read pro salute sua et suorum Desidienius Aemilianus praefectus posuit instead of what appears in the inscription -pro salute Desidieni Aemiliani praefecti et sua suorum posuit.

From Table R13 - Religious dedications study group 2: RIB I:138 Nominative used instead of dative? - dea Diana Sacratissima.

307 Confusion of dative and ablative - deo Nudente.

456 Deae matribus mistake for deabus matribus.

712 Genio for Genius with sit and utere governs accusative instead of ablative.

744 Ex voto solverunt for votum solverunt.

1454 Nominative used instead of dative - dea Rat.

1531 Nominative used instead of dative - Covetina Augusta.

From Table R14 - British curses:TSMB2: (For letter references see Table R3, p. 32)99 - qui : error for quod causing confusion in the clause qui Deomiorix ...perdiderit.

E - rapuerunt: indicative for subjunctive in subordinate clause in indirect speech.

F - convenit: indicative for subjunctive in subordinate clause in indirect speech.

I - syntax breaks down after quoniam (1.5) because of confusion of causal and relative clause.

J - quo : error for qua (f. abl.); syntax seems confused but word division and reading are uncertain.

O - confusion of formulae : duas paries AFIMA sua tertia adsanitatem makes no sense.

Did the scribe know what he was writing? - dum with present indicative in sense of "unless".

212

(Grammatical confusion cont.)P - faulty syntax: apparently no main verb with Variants et Peregrina et Sabinianus as subject but

corrosion in 1.6 may have obscured the sense.

Q - syntax faulty 1.6-9 : non ante eum laset quam mimbra (?ra)pi manu diem mortis concrutiat....

RIB 306 - nollis permittas for noli permittere.

From Table R15 - Miscellaneous religious dedications: RIB II:2420.17,20,21. deii for dei2420 Fauni(gen) for Fauno(dat)


Building and quarrying:Honorific - second century:RIB I 1322 Duobus for duabus in agreement with Germaniis;con(t)ributi agreeing with

vexi(l)latio\ ex = preposition or abbreviation ofexercitibus"? Honorific - third century: RIB I 1462 Pertinace (abl.) for Pertinaci (dat.)

1738 restituerunt for restituit (emperor as subject). Honorific - fourth century:RIB I 1912 in labe conlapsum for in labem conlapsum. Manufacturing:RIB II 2404.1 Use of preposition de for ab/ex? Trade and commerce: Use of locatival ablative of 2nd decl. nouns: TV II 185 Isurio, Cataractonio.

343 Cataractonio Colloquialisms: TV II 343 rogo mi mine

343 non illos me accepto tulit343 fac mi mittas

Errors 215 si quifor si quis Administration: Use of locatival ablative of second decl: TV II 154 Londinio

154 qfficio155 fabricis 250 Lugwalio

Use of preposition with name of town: TVII 225 a Vindolanda scribo250 a Bremetennaco (Standard practice on milestones)

Error of case RIB I 2224 Exsuvio Tetricus - dative or nominative?2276 Messius - nominative for dative.

Singular for plural RIB I 2230 (IMP C)2266 (IMP.P CAES)

Plural for singular RIB I 2255 (A VGG) Travel and transportation Locatival ablative RIB II 2443.7 Londinio

2443.10 Trimontio out Luguvalio

213

(Grammatical confusion cont.) From Table F18 - Funerary inscriptions : RIB I:Military deceased:363 annis for annos373 annis for annos488 anis for annos506 Ulpia separated from Traiana to give a pseudo-tribe (See RIB I addenda et corrigenda p766)509 annis for annos532 annis for annos670 anis for annos748 annis for annos858 anis for annos934 anis for annos2142 nationis Brigans - confusion of casesCivilian deceased:558 anis for annos558 annis for annos558 Serapioni for Serapionis (dat for gen)594 Campania Dubitatae conflict of cases632 pia for pie (adverb)687 fida coniuncta - nom for dat / gen? (the scribe did not think to make this tag agree with the

case of the deceased)691 conflict of cases- annis...menses...dies 720 conflict of cases for deceased? - one nominative, two dative? 785 annis for annos 867 annis for annos 931 annis for annos1064 confusion of cases1065 confusion of case1180 anis for annos1181 Vellibia nominative? - confusion of case? 1181 anis for annos 1181 diebus for dies 1248 annis for annos1248 mesibus for menses1249 anis for annos1251 annis for annos1558 anis for annos1714 conflict of cases in the lifespan - annis / memses1828 Salonas accusative for ablative?1920 die[bus]?? for dies

Mamma for Mammae? (JRS Iv 1965 222 no. 9)


References to points of grammar for TVII in Adams JRS Ixxxv 1995 - see also Tables P6 and P7

214

15. ERRORS BY CRAFTSMEN AND SCRIBES.

From Table R12 - Religious dedications study group 1: RIB I:452 - Tanare for Tarano by metathesis.

583 - domo corrected to domul

890 - inverted A cut for V

895 - inverted A cut for V

913 - Auggustorum cut for Augustorum, because of frequent abbreviation to Augg.

1262 - small letter G cut inside the final G of AVG, creating a plural where a singular was intended.

1334 -Matri<ri>bus for Matribus.

2134 - Iminthonius carved for Minthonius due to unfamiliarity with the name.The final i and s have been inserted above as a correction.

2146 - an inverted letter A seems to have been cut for a V.The final formula, PSPLL, is puzzling and the PS could be a mason's error for PF, Piae Fidelis, the legion's title. Illiterate or inexperienced craftsman?

From Table R13 - Religious dedications study group 2: RIB I:140 The e was omitted from Loucetio and inserted later.

193 Opere maronio perhaps an error for marmoreo.

217 Doe for deo.

329 Pousuit for posuit?

652 Cresces seems to have been corrected to Crescens. VSML written for VSLM

742 Last three lines show confused word order - the ends of 11. 6 & 7 seem to be a continuation of 1.

774 Originally Blatucaro but an i was added above to read Blatucairo.

987 Do Cocdo rewritten as deo.

1047 Daeabs for deabus.

1123 Deo Arecurio for deo Mercurial Misreading of a cursive draft or name of an unknown god?

1321 Do for deo.

1336 vitirbus for vitiribus / veteribus.

1604 Deo Veteribus - mistake for dibus veteribus!

\776Dofordeo.

215

(Errors by craftsmen / scribes cont.)\784Dofordeo.

1806 Armilum - perhaps for armillam, bracelet.

Britannia xviii, 1987, 368, no. 7 - Deo ANSV Vitiri, perhaps a bungled attempt at Deo Sancto Vitiri?

From Table R14 - British curses:

(c) - copying error(crt) - copying a reversed text

TSMB2: (For letter referencesBrpituenda (ditt?) for perdnt (c) for starugulm for Aniola (c) (side 2) for petio for rove for tpiasu? gineninsu?Bruceri (c?) for letum for donatuur (ditt) for <s>se retegens (ditt) for pure for ipsmu for aenmu (crt) for (crt)

pure (crt) for <qui iuraverunt>Compe<pe>dita (ditt) forSeveria<ia>nus (ditt) forSenila (ditt) forliminibus forsanuine for

25689999101016324444446161629496959597979798989899103103103AADEHHHHHHHH

chistianussx (crt)genshosipitio (c?)facitaniampedre (crt)mulrerexesu (1.4)erit(1.3)Tmotneonissi <nissi>meminapulla (c)ocrisa (c)requirat<at> (ditt)vulleris (c)Neutu (c)armlla (c)capeolare (c)

forforforforforforforforforfor

forforforforforforforfor

(hap) - haplograhpy (ditt) - dittography

see Table R3, p. 32)Brituendaperdat (N copied in error for AT)stragulumAnniolapetitiorogo? oro?bungled personal names?

Bruceti?letodonaturse retegenspueripsumaenuminvolaverit corrected (mirror-image cursive)

puer (errors corrected in 5 lines)(ditt)Compedita (+overwriting)SeverianusSenilaluminibussanguine (corrected but g inserted over wrongletter)christianussexgentilis (or an alternative form?)hospitiofaciatan imamperderemulierexesuerit ( word completed above)Timotheo(ditt) - correctedfeminapuellaocriasrequiratvoluerisNeptu(nus) (corrected)armillacaptolare

216

JM M M M O T TRIB 6 RIB 7 RIB 7 RIB7 RIB 306

die 1.5 (crt)peditmaiet (c)nessasi vir si mascelfrenemli<li>berta (ditt)mlier (c)deficusTretiaintermxi<xi>tasitpetmittas (c)

(Errors by craftsmen / scribes cont.)for deifor perdiditfor meiatfor nessi (nisi)for si vir si femina (confusion of formula)for frenum (bridle)for libertafor mulierfor deficrusfor Tertia?for intermixtafor sintfor permittas

From Table R15 - Miscellaneous religious dedications: RIB II:2415.55 Anextiomaro, copying error for Anextlomaro (known from Gaul)?2416.8 UTERE EELIX, a slip for UTERE FELDV2417.7 letter A ofDEAE has been recut so that it resembles an M.2453.3 the word MATRI seems to have been inscribed in error for MARTI; the stone votive bears

a depiction of the god Mars. 2422.70 the Chi-Rho is inverted to the inscription.2422.14 repetition of the letter i has led to deo being left incomplete through lack of space. 2423.16 Greek delta cut for alpha.2431.1 inscription in relief worked from behind - a Q has been reversed and omega inverted. 2501.307 vas <s> repetition of letter s. BritXXIV 1993 316.6: LIBIINSM1IRVITMIIRVXX- bungled version of VSLM formula?


Building and quarrying:Functional:Correction RIB I

Confusion about letter

Incorrect word divisionTotal confusion-illiterate mason

342 CHO Corrected to CoHO. 1516 N cut over V in Naso? 402 last two letters of Valentis! 468 Metathesis of ligatured letters ? Chotr for Chortl 1009 + cut for x 1166 LEGXXX cut for LEG XX 1358 EEC forFEC7 1498 AELIIANI for AELIANI - dittography. 1500 MAEFLLI for M.A TELLH or MAECILI recut? 279 centuriae VALV. IT for VAL.VIT. 721 VINDID(KKo)ANVS I MAS(for G)fl(for IS)/(for T)ER /

IVRRM EFCIT - Vindicianus magister turrem fecit.

217

Honorific - secon^ century:

Miscopied draft? RIB I 1149 Letter mistaken / omitted? 1322

1332 1637 2193 2200 2205

Reversed letter 1148

Honorific - third century: Letter inserted in error RIB 1311

791Letters erased in error 333 Copying error? 978

(Errors by craftsmen / scribes cont.)

Anionino for Antonino', Lolii for Lolliconributi for contributiP for PR (pro praetore)Gaes(aris) for Caes(aris)pep for pervictrics for victricis; Pio omitted from imperial titlesPio omitted from imperial titlesCVRA with retro R - accident or stylistic feature?

Nar<r>bonensPERT (ligatured) for PERET erased from AUG ETSEPTIM1VS in error for GETA.EEL forFEL.

Manufacturing:Retrograde letters in an orthograde text RIB II: 2402.6-8; 2402.10; 2406, 2403.31; 2416.2; 2416.3; 2428.5; 2433.16; 2460.60; 2460.61; 2467.1; 2489.14.

Orthograde letters in a retrograde text RIB II: 2459.36; 2459.63.Letters inverted RIB II: 2414.8; 2416.7; 2463.14,34,35; 2481.78; 2489.2; 2489.79-88.Letters omitted RIB II: 2403.6 (corrected); 2459.44; 2459.50; 2459.33; 2491.146 (recte bi for recte

tibi by haplography?); 2496.3.Letters transposed RIB II: 2459.25; 2490.6; 2491.81. Extra letter RIB II: 2409.24; 2460.61. Confusion about letter? RIB II: 2402.4? 2433.13 (Tar Antiphaneos for Par Antiphaneosl).

RIB II: 2463.47; 2460.33.RIB II: 2416.7.

Letter carelessly cut Incorrect word division

Trade and commerce:Confusion about letter? Extra letter?

Administration:Additional letter

RIB II: 2446.28 (retro C cut for D in Dionysus?). RIB II: 2494.44 (F/AWfor VIN(um)?)

RIB I: 2249 (ianvicto for invicto, inverted A for V in A VG - mason obsessed with crossbars, ligatured AN where not needed - illiterate?)

RIB I: 2231 G (line 1) in error - confusion about name?) RIB I: 2274 E + ET ligatured for ET. TV II: 136 (remitium for renuntium) RIB I: 2276 (PO for PIO) RIB I: 2224 (IPMfor IMP) RIB I: 2251 (MC for C(aesari) M(arco) RIB I: 2263 GA for CA(aesari) RIB I: 2310 (IMRforlMP)

Retrograde letter in orthograde rext RIB I: 2263, 2276.

Letter omitted

Letters transposed

Incorrect letter

Correction Text recut?

Interlinear additions Dictation error Slip

TV II: 218, 317. RIB I: 2252 (IMP recut as DNQ RIB I: 2256 (MAX1 recut as MAR1/VRE)} TV II 218, 317.TV II 234 (et hiem corrected to etiam) TV II 250 (commendaret for commendarem)

316 (lepidem for lapidem)

Travel and transportation:Retrograde letter in orthograde text RIB II: 2411.70,2411.145.

218


From Table F18 - Funerary inscriptions : RIB I:Military deceased:252 Leg W V1C for Leg VI VV256 use of cursive b in capital text?356 interlinear insertion of I in numeral XXVIII481 error in numeral - IXI for IIX?482 HSES forHSE7488 interlinear insertion of NI in Gabinius500 F repeated in error - or abbreviation of F(ilius) mHFFCl527 Cluvi- short for Cluvius or genitive case in error?539 stpenfdiorum] for stipendiorum675 Vi omitted from Leg VI Vie by haplography787 D<C>Mfor D M?1255 omission of L in Aurelius, and final S inserted later (poor draft? poor copyist?)1433 aliae for alae2029 titum for titulum

Civilian deceased:9 Atheni for Athems

250 vixtt for vixit295 interlinear insertion of A in cur(am) Ag(ente)481 IXI in error for IIX594 Dubitata<e> for Dubitata621 Verecunda Rufilia for Verecunda Rufifilia, by haplography.677 EC cut for FC?684 corpois for corporis690 Leg VI V added below inscribed text866 omission of menses1251 MI ligatured for mesibusll or the numeral IV?1254 S omitted from die(s) XXI- plenty of room for S2182 interlinear insertion of E in Salmanes.

From Table P8 - Personal, social and domestic life: (RIB II unless other source stated) Ownership marks:2415.63 i Crescrent with S inserted above the EN - error for Crescentis.2415.67 Accidental repetition of A, in Maximu(s), overwritten by X.2417.18 Retrograde S before the X in Isxarninus.2423.23 Accidental repetition of E, recut as N, in Orientalis.2425.3 Victorsifor Victoris by metathesis.2427.19 Prime in error for Primfl2494.111 Candi for Candidi, by haplography?2497.19 Nertoris in error for Nestorisl2501.9 Sesquplicari in error for sesquiplicarfl2501.48 Amada in error for Amandal2501.50 Ammasui in error for Ammausfl2501.69 Asisi in error for Agisfl2501 86 A VNIINSS Martialis - a blundered attempt at A urelius Martialisl2501.143 Coriluius in error for Cornelius'12501 145 CRES, recut as CRHS - for Chresimfl2501 147 Crescns in error for Crescens.2501.264 1VIL for IVLI by metathesis.

219


2501.307 yass for vas with second S erased. U/i for lull.2501.600 VUR1R - an attempt to write Verusl2503.212 Binis in error for Binius?2503.364 Odeysus for Odysseus by metathesis? (Greek characters).2503.589 Confused version of sum Seven'7 Writing exercise?

Salutations, slogans charms and obscenities.2416.8 VTERE ELIX in error for uterefelix.2417.32 VERE FELEI - bungled attempt at uterefelix, or incorrect reading?2420.35 Persveranit viavs for Perseveranti vivas by metathesis2422.10 Olympei in error for Olympi (Greek characters).2422.14 UN for IN by dittography in vivas in de(o)2503.102 con<e>-clamant in error for conclamant.Brit, xxv 1994, 308 nos. 80-2: Quissunt vivat erased, written in error for Quintus vivat? (3 spoons)

Education2491.146 i RECTEBI for rede tibi by haplography?2491.147 Sib in error for sibi.2503.162 Confused letter sequence in alphabet2503.168 CD omitted from alphabet and added underneath; P-X written retrograde above A-O.2503.364 Blundered attempt to write Odysseus in Greek characters: Odeysus.Tabulae Vindolandenses II 118: ubem in error for urbem

Personal communicationTabulae Vindolandenses 11:310-5 Tot tempus for tamdiu - foreigner's Latin? Colloquialism?

220

16. IJNJTSUAI, WORDS / USAGE.

From Table R14 - British curses:(Tomlin, TSMB 2; Adams, Brit, xxiii)

TSMB2: (For letter references see Table R3, p. 32)8 - exactura : a new formation as an abstract noun for exactio 41- adsellare : VL active for CL deponent.

- manducare (eat): VL (see also I - Pagans Hill) 44 - levare : VL and colloquial in the sense of "to lift, steal".

- latro : used for "sneak thief rather than in the classical sense of "a brazen robber" 54 - argentiolos : colloquial use of diminutive.

quantocius44, 57, 65, K, Q, R - baro (man) seems to have been introduced to Britain by German recruits. 94, 103 - use of'facet-e + infinitive97 - in templum for in templo

- medius in sense of "accomplice / present";- habet perhaps in a colloquial sense "he's had it / he's done for"

98 - bursa (purse): early evidence of use with this meaning.- gens (pagan): (Adams, Brit. XXIII 10) specialised term, unusual use off. sing, as a generic term.-perexig.... : new compound of exigo (cf excomesis Tab. Sulis 97).- species (goods): new usage of a commercial term.

99,1, R, S - use ofhospitium (house) seems to be a feature of British Latin; VL tends to use casa, 100 - dimittas + accusative : new usage in sense ofpermittere ut + subjunctive B - per intus ; used as noun (innards). 1 - anteqod: VL for antequam. R - de hospitiolo meo : VL use of diminutive. A, B, H, M, R - mascel: colloquialism for masculusl


Building and quarrying:Functional:Rffi I 441 GNA T British Celtic aorist (=fecit)? -( Meid, Etudes Celtiques xviii,

1981, 115.)Trade and commerce: TV II 310 tottempus for tamdiu (foreigner's Latin?)

311 inpientissime - only known example of this negative form (pientissimus iscommon)

314 primo mane for mane 343 in excussorio for in area (neologism). 343 coriationeml abstract for concrete meaning leather goods?

Britannia xxvii 1996 300 no. 1:infibulatoria cloaks that fasten with brooches/? saga corticia cloaks/covers made of bark?

Administration:TY ji 164 Brittuncitli new diminutive.

225,248 Use of old-fashioned spellings - salvom, occassionem, quom316 quern modum + genitive - for qualeml quantum^ quotl344 effundere - used in sense of to pour (money) down the drain?

221

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