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Not Listening: Interaction, Technology, and Education
Steven A. Wolfman
Computer Science & Engineering
University of Washington
http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/wolf/work/
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Modern Pedagogy vs. Modern Practice
active learning
participatory
interactive
student-directed
lecture
instructor-dominated
passive
disconnected
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Pedagogy of Active Learning
• Encourage “connected” learning– Constructivism [Bruner]– Social learning [Lave]
• Recapture flagging attention– Attention studies [Stuart & Rutherford]– Heart rate/memory [Bligh]– Skin conductivity [Picard]
• Address varied learning styles – Index of Learning Styles [Felder & Silverman]– Bloom’s taxonomy
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Outline
• Develop pedagogical techniques for CS:Kinesthetic Learning Activities
• Use tools to understand interaction:retrospective and prospective feedback
• Design tools to facilitate interaction:Structured Interaction Presentation system
How can computer scientists support active learning?
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Motivating Problem: Large Classes
“Class Sizes & Course Section: smaller is better; large is survivable”– McKeachie’s Teaching Tips
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Turn the Question Around…
How can a large class be an advantage?– “Madness of the Crowd”– Diversity– Amortized resources– Large N: human simulations
[SIGCSE 2002]
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Be the Binary Tree
[SIGCSE 2002]
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Kinesthetic Learning Activities (KLAs)
Active learning exercises that physically engage students in the
learning process
http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/edtech/KLA/, [SIGCSE 2004]
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Why KLAs?
• Combat physical disengagement (e.g., [Bligh], [Picard])
• Tap different learning styles – active, sensing, inductive [Felder & Silverman]– kinesthetic [Fleming]– sensorimotor learning [Piaget]
• Construct knowledge by analogy
http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/edtech/KLA/, [SIGCSE 2004]
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Outline
Develop pedagogical techniques for CS:Kinesthetic Learning Activities
• Use tools to understand interaction:CFS/WIFL
• Design tools to facilitate interaction:Structured Interaction Presentation system
How can computer scientists support active learning?
This slide intentionally left blank.
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Motivating Problem:Feedback Lag
Evidence:– Pilot survey/focus group responses– Personal experience– Lagged questions in video archives
A student hesitates to pose a question until the instructor finishes a point. When the instructor moves on, the student’s question seems out of place and is left unasked.
[CSCL 2003]
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Classroom Feedback System (CFS)Demo
• Point A
• Point B
• Point C
• Point D
• Point E
[CSCL 2003]
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CFS Evaluation
Intro. programming course, summer 2002:– 150 students total– 12 with laptops– 9 week course, 3 weeks with CFS
Data: observations, surveys, focus groups, interview w/instructor, logs
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Retrospective Feedback
Students’ response:– 0.35 retrospective feedback/person/class– CFS helped 3 who cited feedback lag– 2 others reported feedback lag w/CFS
Instructor’s response:– Retro. feedback is important; often responded– Retro. feedback upset pacing
[CHI 2003]
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Prospective Feedback
What if a student leaves feedback ahead of the discussion?
[CHI 2003]
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[CHI 2003]
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Outline
Develop pedagogical techniques for CS:Kinesthetic Learning Activities
Use tools to understand interaction:retrospective and prospective feedback
• Design tools to facilitate interaction:Structured Interaction Presentation system
How can computer scientists support active learning?
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Motivating Problem:Is PowerPoint Evil?
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Goals of Structured Interaction Presentation System (SIP)
• Keep the good of PPT, counteract the evil
• Integrate into the “mediating” slides
• Support intuitive and flexible design
• Facilitate interaction in class
• Enable new kinds of interaction
Make design and execution of interactive presentations as easy as for passive ones.
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SIP Architecture
Presentationdesign
environment
Presentation/Widget
database
Instructor view
ViewerscrnshtViewer
scrnshtViewerscrnshtStudent views
Interactive widget designenvironment
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Try Your Hand
• Are these on the same or distinct topics?
• Which would you rather discuss?
Of those who died from receiving the vaccine, what percentage had compro-mised immune systems?
What are the death rates for specific groups who received this vaccine?
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Group Members
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Group “Winners”
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Conclusion
Developing pedagogical techniques for CS:Kinesthetic Learning Activities
Using CS tools to understand interaction:retrospective and prospective feedback
Designing CS tools to facilitate interaction:Structured Interactions Presentation system
We learn by engaging. Computer scientists can support learning by…
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Related Work: KLAs
• Active learning [Bonwell & Eison]
• Active learning in CS [McConnell]
• “Manipulatives” [Hollingsworth]
• Computerless labs [Pollard & Forbes]
• Learning Styles Index [Felder & Silverman]
• Sensorimotor learning [Piaget]
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Related Systems: CFS & SIP
• ActiveClass [Griswold]
• Cell-phone feedback [Brittain]
• ClassTalk [Dufresne]
• Pebbles [Myers]
• Debbie/DyKnow [Berque]
• WILD [Roschelle]
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Related Pedagogy: CFS & SIP
• Classroom Assessment Techniques [Angelo & Cross]
• CATs in Computer Science [Schwarm & VanDeGrift]
• Cooperative/Collaborative Learning [Johnson & Johnson]
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URLs for More Info
Steve Wolfman (including publications): http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/wolf/work/
UW CS&E Education & Ed. Technology Group: http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/edtech/
Kinesthetic Learning Activities: http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/edtech/KLA/
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CFS increased interaction
Voicings pre-CFS
Voicings with CFS
All inter-actions
All but “Got it”
# per class
2.4 2.6 15.9 7.9
p-value .91 .04* .14
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Intentional Grouping
Target specific goals when assigning groups:– diverse perspectives– avoid lone minority– Jigsaw Learning
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Research your estimate
Check the accuracy of your answers with a partner.
Check your device for your partner assignment.
Get together with your partner!
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Research your estimate
Check the accuracy of your answers with a partner.
You are working with: Rex Bone ([email protected]) IM Rex
Rex gave these answers:
1. About 3,500,000 people lived in North America in 1491.
2. They had been on this continent for about 1,000 years.
3. They had made these significant achievements:
Bow and arrowMusicFishing pole
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Classroom Feedback System
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