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NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08

NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

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Page 1: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

NORTRIP

Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08

Page 2: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

Tested pavements

• Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), Dmax and stone material

• Porous asphalt with porphyry• Rubber mixed asphalts – four types with two references• European pavements (SPENS project) – ACO11 with

gneiss/diorite and AC11 with limestone• Concrete

Page 3: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

Typ Stenstorlek Bergart Ursprung Stenegenskaper

Nötningsresistens Fragmentering

  Största stenstorlek Stenmaterial > 8mm   Anm. Kulkvarn Los Angeles Sprödhetstal Flisighetstal

ABS 8 Mylonit Durasplitt 6,1 20 - -

ABS 8 Porfyr Gustafs 5 12 - -

ABS 8 Kvartsit Dalbo 5,7 17,5 47 1,38

- -

ABD 11 Porfyr porös/tyst 5 12 - -

ABS 11 Kvartsit Kärr 6,1 17,5 37 1,32

ABS 11 Mylonit Durasplitt 6,1 20 - -

ABS 11 Porfyr Gustafs 5 12 - -

ABS 11 Kvartsit Dalbo 5,7 17,5 47 1,38

ABS 11 Kvartsitisk sandsten Hardeberga 8,7 22 37 1,38

ABS(g) 11 Kvartsitisk sandsten Hardeberga gummiinblandad

ABS 11 Ryolit Tösse 4,9 10 - -

GAP 11 Ryolit Tösse gummiinblandad 4,9 10 - -

GAÖ 11 Ryolit Tösse gummiinblandad 4,9 10 - -

ABT 11 Gneiss Tjeckien - 20 - -

ABT 11 Kalksten Slovenien - 25 - -

ABT 16 Granit Skärlunda 7,1 17 34 1,34

ABS 16 Kvartsit Dalbo 5,7 17,5 47 1,38

ABS 16 Porfyr Gustafs 5 12 - -

Betong Granit betong

Tested pavements

Page 4: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

Mean total wear and PM10

y = 1,8x + 4,8R² = 0,94

4,00

5,00

6,00

7,00

8,00

9,00

10,00

11,00

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5

PM10

vid

50 k

m/h

Medelslitage per km (g)

Kvartsit

Porfyr

Mylonit

Page 5: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

Dmax

y = -0,13x + 2,8R² = 0,85

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Med

elsl

itage

per

km

(g)

Största stenstorlek

Kvartsit

Porfyr

Mylonit

Page 6: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

Nordic ball mill and Los Angeles value

4 5 6 7 8 9Kulkvarnsvärde

2

4

6

8

10

12

PM

10 (

mg

m-3)

8 12 16 20 24Los Angeles-tal

2

4

6

8

10

12

PM

10 (

mg

m-3)

Y = 0.37 * X + 0.39, R2 = 0.61Y = 1.21 * X - 1.40, R2= 0.70

Page 7: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

Speed

200 mg/vkm

Page 8: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

Load

0

1

2

3

4

5

PM

10 (

mg

/m3 )

13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00

TEOM

600 kg450 kg

300 kg

Page 9: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

Stud protrusion

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

350.00

400.00

0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4

Stud protrusion (mm)

EF

PM

10

EF 70 km/h

EF 50 km/h

EF 30 km/h

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4

Page 10: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

Share of studded tyres

0 25 50 75 100% dubbdäck

0

400

800

1200

1600

2000

PM

10 [

µg

m3]

70 km /h

50 km /h

30 km /h

(PM 10 = 0 .016 * % dubbdäck + 0 .068 R 2 = 0 .98)

(PM 10 = 0 .013 * % dubbdäck + 0 .081 R 2 = 0 .95)(PM 10 = 0 .001 * % dubbdäck + 0 .005 R 2 = 0 .95)

Page 11: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

Main parameters for direct pavement wear emission

Pavement• Pavement type (basal information, but most info on SMA)• Stone material properties (nordic ball mill value useful)

• Dmax

Traffic• Speed• Share of studded tyres• Stud protrusion – hard to find data• Load (only one test made in road simulator) – share of

heavy/light?

Page 12: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

VTI wear model

Pavement• Pavement type• Stone material properties (nordic ball mill value useful)

• Dmax

Traffic• Speed• Share of studded tyres• Stud protrusion• Load (only one test made in road simulator)

Page 13: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

Slitagemodellen – road wear model

Developed at VTI of Lars-Göran Wågberg and Torbjörn Jacobson.

From road simulator data and in situ measurements .

More than 500 pavements have been tested.

Page 14: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

Road wear model - areas of use

Used by entrepreneurs since late 1990s to optimise the choice of pavement.

Page 15: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

Input to the wear model

Rubrik i diagram: E4  

Underrubrik i diagram:Södertälje  

Typsektion (1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8): 5

(1=7 m; 2=9 m; 3=13 m; 4= breda körfält; 5=motorväg;

 6=tunnel & (2)+1 vägar); 7=2+(1) vägar; 8= extr smala körfält)

Tillåten hastighet: 50 (50, 70, 90 alt 110 km/h)ÅDT körfält: 10000 fordon/dygn

Slitageperiod/år: 180 vinterdygn/årDubbandel: 60 % (medel under slitageperioden)

Saltad väg (J/N): JAntal beräkningsår: 5 St

Tillåtet spårdjup: 17 MmUppskattat övrigt

spårdjup: 4 MmTillgängligt slitage-

spårdjup: 13 Mm

Stenhalt >4mm: 75 vikt-%Största stenstorlek (MS): 16 Mm

Kulkvarnsvärde (KV): 7

Prallvärde: 20 cm3

Beläggningstyp (endast för Prall): 2

Pris - färdig beläggning: 60 kr/m2

Page 16: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

Relation wear and PM10 emission

Page 17: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

Output

Resultat för partikelemissioner till atmosfären:Enligt empirisk relation mellan slitage och PM10emission:Total bortsliten mängd per km och år 3.43E+06 gram/km/årBortsliten mängd/fordon_km 3.2 gram/fordonskmEmissionsfaktor 526.0 mg/fordonskmTotal emission 5.68E+08 mg/km/årMotsvarande koncentration i provvägsmaskinen PVM 10.5 mg/m3 16.55 % av bortslitet material hamnar i luften

Page 18: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

Using the total wear from the wear modelgives automatically speed dependence

Page 19: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

Speed dependence

Page 20: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

Dependence of the nordic ball mill value

Page 21: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

Stone size

Page 22: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

Emission factors derived from road simulator

    Emissionsfaktor (mg fkm-1) EFPM0,6-andel av EFPMXX Emissionsfaktor

(antal fkm-1)  Hastigh

et (km h-

1)

EFPM0,6 EFPM1 Korr EFPM1

EFPM2,5 Korr EFPM2,5

EFPM10 Korr EFPM10

EFPM1 EFPM2,5 EFPM10 EFantal,7-600nm

Michelin 30 0,1 0,3 0,10 3 1,00 39 13,00 0,32 0,03 0,0021 4,40E+10X-Ice North 50 0,1 0,9 0,30 20 6,67 302 100,67 0,14 0,01 0,0004 9,90E+11

  70 0,2 1,9 0,63 24 8,00 1094 364,67 0,12 0,01 0,0002 2,30E+12Nokian 30 0,2 0,4 0,13 3 1,00 38 12,67 0,51 0,06 0,0058 7,00E+10Hakkapeliitta 4 50 0,2 1 0,33 15 5,00 166 55,33 0,25 0,02 0,0015 1,00E+12

  70 0,3 2,1 0,70 23 7,67 666 222,00 0,15 0,01 0,0005 2,80E+12Bridgestone 30 0,1 0,2 0,07 2 0,67 12 4,00 0,55 0,06 0,0106 8,10E+10

Noranza 50 0,2 0,8 0,27 9 3,00 147 49,00 0,3 0,03 0,0016 9,90E+11  70 0,4 1 0,33 14 4,67 507 169,00 0,26 0,03 0,0002 3,60E+12

Michelin 30 0,2 0,2 0,07 0,2 0,07 0,7 0,23 0,94 0,79 0,25 2,10E+11X-Ice 50 0,1 0,1 0,03 0,1 0,03 0,8 0,27 0,92 0,78 0,13 3,10E+11

  70 0,1 0,1 0,03 0,1 0,03 7 2,33 0,87 0,62 0,01 8,10E+10Nokian 30 0,1 0,2 0,07 0,6 0,20 3 1,00 0,67 0,27 0,047 3,30E+10Hakkapeliitta RSi*

50 0,1 0,2 0,07 0,5 0,17 6 2,00 0,65 0,24 0,022 2,60E+10

  70 0,1 0,2 0,07 1,1 0,37 90 30,00 0,36 0,05 0,001 4,70E+10Bridgestone 30 0,3 0,3 0,10 0,3 0,10 0,48 0,16 0,95 0,85 0,581 2,20E+10

Turanza 50 0,3 0,3 0,10 0,3 0,10 0,45 0,15 0,95 0,85 0,569 1,70E+10  70 0,2 0,2 0,07 0,2 0,07 2 0,67 0,93 0,77 0,004 2,00E+10

Nokian 30 0,1 0,1 0,03 0,2 0,07 0,24 0,08 0,92 0,69 0,52 2,10E+10NRHi Ecosport 50 0,1 0,1 0,03 0,1 0,03 0,2 0,07 0,9 0,65 0,44 1,40E+10

  70 0,1 0,1 0,03 0,2 0,07 0,92 0,31 0,83 0,39 0,09 1,20E+10

stud

ded

unst

udde

dsu

mm

er

Page 23: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

ACO 11 S, asphalt 50/70 Diorite

Pavements used

AC 11 surf, B70/100 Limestone

Page 24: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

Tyres used

Summer tyre:Michelin Pilot Primacy

Winter tyre:Pirelli Sottozero

Page 25: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

0.000

0.010

0.020

0.030

0.040

0.050

PM

10 (

µg

/m3)

Dus

tTra

k

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7T im e a fter s tart (h )

L im estone w in te r tyre

L im estone sum m er tyre

D iorite sum m er tyre

D iorite w in ter tyre

Results: PM10 effect of tyre (DustTrak)

Ca 50% higher PM10 with winter tyres

Page 26: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

0.000

0.010

0.020

0.030

0.040

0.050

PM

10 (

µg

/m3)

Dus

tTra

k

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7T im e a fter s tart (h )

L im estone w in te r tyre

L im estone sum m er tyre

D iorite sum m er tyre

D iorite w in ter tyre

Results: PM10 effect of tyre (DustTrak)

Ca 40-50% higher PM10 with winter tyres at 50 and 70 km/h

Page 27: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

Water and CMA

Time series of the concentration in the road simulator during 3 different tests; 15 g/m2 CMA, 10 and 30 g/m2 water and 10 g/m2 CMA with 10 % potassium formiat.

Page 28: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber
Page 29: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

The RH ”problem”.

Page 30: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

Efficieny of sweepers

Page 31: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

Wet Dust Sampler

Can measure dust load on the road surface and chemistry of dissolved substances on the surface etc.

Page 32: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

Wet Dust Sampler (WDS)

Page 33: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

Wet Dust Sampler (WDS)

• High pressure water

• Filled cone spray

• Time controlled - repeatable

• Water sample with dust and salt/CMA

Page 34: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

Efficency of sweepers, dry road surface

0

50

100

150

200

250

Referens 250g Maskin B vacuum+borste Maskin B vacuum

PM

180

och

PM

10(g

/m2 )

250 g/m2

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Referens 500g Maskin B vacuum+borste

PM

180

och

PM

10(g

/m2 )

500 g/m2

Page 35: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

Efficency of sweepers, dry road surface

Maskin B vacuum+borste,

250 g/m2

Maskin B vacuum,250 g/m2

Maskin B vacuum+borste,

500 g/m2

-100%

-80%

-60%

-40%

-20%

0%

20%

40%

rän

dri

ng

i %

mfö

rt m

ed

refe

ren

s Förändring PM180

Förändring PM10

Page 36: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

Efficency of sweepers, humid road surface

0

50

100

150

200

250

Referens Maskin A:1 Maskin A:2 Maskin B:1 Maskin B:2 Maskin C

PM

180

och

PM

10(g

/m2 )

250 g/m2

Page 37: NORTRIP Workshop, NILU 2011-03-07-08. Tested pavements Standard asphalt – mainly SMA (ABS), D max and stone material Porous asphalt with porphyry Rubber

Efficency of sweepers, humid road surface

Maskin A:1

Maskin A:2

Maskin B:1

Maskin B:2

Maskin C-100%

-80%

-60%

-40%

-20%

0%

20%

40%

rän

dri

ng

av

PM

180

(%)

Förändring i PM180 jämfört med referens

Maskin A:1

Maskin A:2

Maskin B:1

Maskin B:2

Maskin C-100%

-80%

-60%

-40%

-20%

0%

20%

40%

rän

dri

ng

av

PM

10(%

)

Förändring i PM10 jämfört med referens