NorthSide Regeneration Project white paper - Education, by Missouri Wonk

7/30/2019 NorthSide Regeneration Project white paper - Education, by Missouri Wonk

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NORTHSIDE EDUCATION

NorthSide: Education

Therearemanydifferentwaystomeasurethe

progressofaregion,however,themost

importantmaybetheeducationofitscitizens.

Educationhasthecapacitytoreducepoverty,

preventcrime,enhancehealth1,andcreate

economicandotheropportunitiesforsociety.

Oneofthereasonsthatgovernmenthelpsfund

educationisbecauseofthepositive

externalitiesassociatedwithitseffects.TheCityofSt.Louisrecognizedasmuchin1835

whentheLegislatureauthorizedthepeopleof

St.Louis-asitwasboundedin1812-who

ownedlotstoselltothetownCommons,atract

ofabouttwothousandacresofmostbeautiful

grounds,andtoappropriatenine-tenthstothe

improvementofthestreetsofthecityandone-

tenthtothesupportofPublic

Schools(Shepard,114).Withintwoyears,St.

Louisestablishedtwoschoolhouses,onefor

malesandanotherforfemales,andestablished

ataxfortheirfunding(Shepard,114).

Initsbeginnings,theschoolsystemwas

underfundedandevenchargednon-impoverishedstudentstendollarsperyearto

takepartinitsservices.Theschoolsystem

graduallyphased-outthischargeandfocused

itseffortsonincreasingparticipationinthe

schoolsystembyfamiliesofallincomelevelsin

thecity,anattempttoeliminatethestigma

Summary

Onthemeasureofeducation,theNorthSidepopulationhasbothasigniQicantlyhigher

proportionthatlacksahighschooldegreeandamuchlowerproportionthathasacollege

degreewhencomparedtothepopulationsofSt.LouisCity,theSt.LouisMetropolitanarea,or

Missouri.TheareaalsosuffersfromahighschooldropoutratethatissigniQicantlyhigherthan

theotherthreeareas.ThesestatisticsareinspiteofthefactthatNorthSidestudentsenrolledin

publicschool,onaverage,accountformoremoneyonaperpupilbasisthanstudents,on

average,enrolledintheSt.LouisCitySchoolDistrict,thepublicschoolsintheSt.Louis

Metropolitanarea,orpublicschoolsinMissouri.
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NORTHSIDE EDUCATION

associatedwithpublicschools,whichinthe

mindsofthemoreafQluentinthecityatthe

timewereviewedasaformofcharity.The

schoolsystemwassuccessfulinachievingthis

goalbythestartoftheCivilWar(Troen,11-16).Between1880and1940,enrollment

ofallages5through18increasedsigniQicantly,

especiallyamongchildrenages12through18

(Troen,201).

Inthelatterpartofthenineteenthcentury,St.

LouisPublicSchoolsbecametheenvyofthe

nation;thisreputationcontinuedthroughthe

Qirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.Nearits

apex,theSt.LouisPublicSchoolSystemboastedatotalof139elementaryschools2and

12highschoolsduringthe1959-1960school

year;27oftheelementaryschoolswere

locatedintheNorthSidearea3ofSt.Louis(St.

LouisPublicSchools1959,19-25).Sincethen,

manyofthepublicschoolsshuttheirdoors;

currently,only47elementaryschoolsarestill

open,asignofthedecliningpopulationinthe

city5

;ofthisnumber,onlysixschoolsarestillopenintheNorthSidearea.

WhatwasoncetheprideofSt.Louishasmost

recentlyfallenunderstatecontrolforfailure

tomeetstate-designatedbenchmarksof

educatingitsenrollees;onlyveryrecentlyhas

theschooldistrictreceivedprovisional

accreditation5.Censusdatafromthe

2006-2010AmericanCommunitySurveycan

provideasnapshotofhowthepopulationsofMissouri,theSt.Louismetropolitanarea6,and

theNorthSideareaofSt.Louismeasure

againstthekeyindicatorsofeducation

attainment,schooldropoutrates,and

spendingbyfederal,state,andlocal

governmentswhencomparedtoSt.LouisCity,

theSt.Louismetropolitanarea,andthestate

ofMissouri.

EducationAttainment

Forpurposesofanalyzingeducational

attainment,MissouriWonkcreatedtheQive

categoriesofeducationattainmentlisted

below:

Elementaryschool(0-8years); Somehighschool,nodiploma; HighschoolgraduateorGED

equivalent; Somecollege;and Collegegraduateormore.

Thedatawereorganizedsothatthosewho

hadcompletedjust8thgradeorlesswereput

intheElementarySchool(0-8years)

category,thosewhowenttohighschoolbut

didnotreceiveadiplomaorGEDwereadded

intheSomeHighSchool,NoDiploma

category,thosewhodidgraduatefromhigh

schoolorreceivedaGEDwereplacedintheHighSchoolGraduateorGEDcategory,those

whohadcompletedsomecollegeorreceived

anAssociatesdegreewereplacedinthe

SomeCollegecategory,andthosewhowere

collegegraduatesorcompletedschooling

beyondcollegewereplacedintheCollege

GraduateorMorecategory.Thisresultsin

thedatacontainedinTable1.

FromthedatainTable1,thereissigniQicant

differencebetweentheeducationattainment

oftheNorthSideareaandtheSt.Louis

metropolitanareaorthestateofMissouri.

Theproportionofpeoplewhohavelessthana

highschoolgraduateeducationinthe

NorthSideisapproximatelytwoandone-half


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NORTHSIDE EDUCATION

timestheshareofresidentswhohavethesamelevelofeducationattainmentinMissouri

andthreetimestheproportionofpeoplein

theSt.Louismetropolitanarea.Yet,the

statisticisreversedforthoseresidentsinthe

NorthSidewhohavegraduatedfromcollege.

Whilejust10.5%oftheNorthSidepopulation25yearsorolderhasacollegedegreeormore,

approximatelytwoandone-halftimesthat

amount,morethan25%,haveacollegedegree

ormoreinthestateofMissouri;nearlythree

timestheproportionofpeopleintheSt.Louis

Table1:2010NorthSideArea,St.LouisCity,St.LouisMetroArea,and

MissouriEducationAttainmentforPersons25+YearsofAge

Year

Elementary

School

(0-8years)

SomeHigh

School,No

Diploma

HighSchool

Graduateor

GED

SomeCollege

College

Graduateor

More

NorthSide 10.18% 25.24% 28.49% 25.90% 10.20%

STLCity 6.16% 13.27% 27.09% 26.58% 26.89%

STLMetro 3.75% 7.76% 26.46% 29.48% 32.54%

Missouri 4.66% 9.18% 32.57% 28.54% 25.05%

Source:AmericanCommunitySurvey2010,5-yearestimates

Graph1:2010PercentageofAge25+WithoutaHighSchoolDegree

0.00%$

5.00%$

10.00%$

15.00%$

20.00%$

25.00%$

30.00%$

35.00%$

40.00%$

NorthSide$ STL$City$ STL$Metro$Area$ Missouri$
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NORTHSIDE EDUCATION

Graph2:PercentageofAge25+WithaCollegeDegree

metropolitanareaandnearlytwicethe

proportioninSt.LouisCityhavethatlevelof

educationattainment.

HighSchoolDropoutRate

Anotherkeymeasureineducationisthe

proportionofschoolagekidsthatdropoutof

highschool.TheAmericanCommunitySurvey

previouslydiscussedprovidesinformationon

thenumberof16-19yearoldpersonsinthe

areaofanalysiswhoareneitherenrolledin

schoolnorhavegraduatedfromhighschool.

MissouriWonkanalyzedthisdataforthe

NorthSidearea,theCityofSt.Louis,theSt.

Louismetropolitanarea,andthestateof

Missouri.Theresultsoftheanalysisare

containedinTable2.

Thereisastarkdifferencebetweenthehigh

schooldropoutrates,asreportedbythe

AmericanCommunitySurvey,when

comparingtheNorthSideareatotheSt.Louis

metropolitanareaortothestateofMissouri

hasawhole.IntheNorthSidearea,

approximately10%moreofthe16-19year

oldsdropoutofhighschoolthanintheSt.

LouismetropolitanareaorMissouri.

Additionally,thestatisticsshowthatthehigh

schooldropoutrateoftheNorthSideareais

morethan50%higherthanintheCityofSt.

Louis.

0.00%$

5.00%$

10.00%$

15.00%$

20.00%$

25.00%$

30.00%$

35.00%$



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NORTHSIDE EDUCATION

Graph3:2010HighSchoolDropoutRate

Year

Persons16-19neitherenrolledinnor

graduatedfromHighSchool

Persons16-19yearsoldProportionofpersons

16-19thatareHighSchoolDropouts

NorthSide 177 1,115 15.9%

STLCity 1,920 18,661 10.3%

STLMetroArea 6,355 113,062 5.6%

Missouri 22,819 345,137 6.6%

Source:AmericanCommunitySurvey2010,5-yearestimates

Note:Thehighschooldropoutrates7

asreportedinthechartaboveaccountforall16-19yearoldsregardlessofwhattypeofschooltheyattendorattended;itincludespublicschool,private

school,andcharterschoolgraduatesornon-graduates.Onaverage,about95.6%ofthose

enrolledinhighschoolintheNorthSideattendapublicschool(ACS2010,5-yearestimates).

Table2:2010HighSchoolDropoutRate

0.00%$

2.00%$

4.00%$

6.00%$

8.00%$

10.00%$

12.00%$

14.00%$

16.00%$

18.00%$



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NORTHSIDE EDUCATION

ThetaskofdetermininghowmuchK-12

educationfundingisbeingexpendedona

speciQiclandarea,asub-groupofalargerschooldistrict,bringsaboutnumerous

challengesgiventhatadelineationofthe

studentsattendingaschooldistrict,along

withtheirhomeaddressesandother

identifyingtraits,isnotpubliclyavailable.

Inordertoascertainthetotalandper-pupil

K-12educationexpendituresassociatedwith

theNorthSideprojectarea,MissouriWonk

culledthemostrecent2010censustractdata

fortheNorthSideprojectarea,whichincluded

informationonthenumberofpersonswithin

certainagegroupswhowereenrolledin

publicschool. 8Aftersomeminimal

adjustments,9thecensusdatadisplayed3,141

NorthSideprojectarearesidents,aged5-18,

whoreportedattendingpublicschool.The

censusdataforthecityasawholeshowed

39,183residents,aged5-18,whoreportedattendingpublicschool.However,when

MissouriWonkcomparedthecensusreport

Qigureof39,183citystudentsattendingpublic

schooltotheactualenrollmentQiguresofthe

districtandthecitycharterschools,the

numbersdidnotcorrespond,astheSt.Louis

PublicSchooldistrictandcitycharterschools

reportedtoDESEatotalofonly34,544

studentsenrolledinthecityschooldistrict

andcharterschools.Thereareseveral

possiblereasonsforthislackofalignmentin

thedata.

First,thereareinherentproblemswiththe

accuracyofself-reporteddata,suchasthe

census,asmultiplescientiQicstudies10have

shownthatsubjectstendtoreport

informationthatreQlectspositivelyonthem.Inthiscase,whenaparentisaskedhowmany

oftheirchildrenarecurrentlyattendingpublic

school,someparentsmaychoosetoreport

thatachildwhorecentlydroppedoutof

schoolisstillattendingschool.Second,the

censusdataandtheactualenrollmentdata

aretwoseparatemeasureswithdissimilar

inputsanddifferentdatacollection

techniques.Consideringtheinherent

disparityinthetwosetsofdata,itmaybe

moretroublingifbothmeasureswereto

somehowproduceanidenticalnumberof

enrolledstudents.

However,whiletheaforementioned

justiQicationsprovidealegitimatebasisto

anticipatedissimilarenrollmentnumbers

whencomparingcensusdatatoactualschool

enrollmentstatistics,avariationof4,639studentsintuitivelyappearedtoolargetobe

explainedbytheaforementionedreasons.

However,whenMissouriWonkincludedthe

studentsparticipatingintheVoluntary

InterdistrictChoiceCorporation(VICC)

program,which,aspartoftheMetropolitan

AreaDesegregationProgram,facilitatesthe

transferofcitystudentstosuburbanschool

districtsandsuburbanstudentstocitymagnet

schools,thedifferenceincensusandschoolenrollmentnumberswasmuchmore

reasonable.Theactualnumberofcity

studentswhotransferredtocountyschoolsin

2010was5,870.11WhiletheVICCstudents

shouldbeenumeratedinthecensusdata

GovernmentSpendingonEducation


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NORTHSIDE EDUCATION

enrolledinpublicschoolmeasure,those

samestudentswouldnotbeenrolledintheSt.

LouisPublicSchooldistrictoracitycharter

school.WhenincludingtheVICCstudents

whoresideinthecitybutattendapublic

schooloutsideofthecity,therespective

enrollmentnumbersderivedfromthecensus

dataandtheactualenrollmentstatisticsfrom

theschoolsdivergedbyapproximately1,000

students,areasonabledisparityconsidering

theinherentvariationbuiltintothedifferent

datasources12.

Aspreviouslydiscussed,thecensusdata

generatedatotalof3,141NorthSideprojectarearesidents,aged5-18,whoreported

attendingpublicschool.Thecensusdatafor

thecityasawholeshowed39,183residents,

aged5-18,whoreportedattendingpublic

school,ahigherQigurethantheenrollment

statisticsofthecityschools,whichwas

reportedtobe34,544.Sincetherestofthis

studyutilizedtheofQicialschooldistrictdata

forallothermeasures,butthecensusdata

wasnecessarytodetermineinformationspeciQictotheNorthSideprojectarea,

MissouriWonkconvertedthecensus

enrollmentdatausingtheofQicialschool

enrollmentQiguresbyapplyingaratioof

8.02%,sincethe2010censusdatashowthat

theNorthSideprojectareacomprised

approximately8.02%13ofthecityresidents

whoreportedattendingpublicschool.For

purposesofquantifyingeducationfundingamountstotheNorthSideprojectarea,

MissouriWonkappliedthis8.02%ratiotothe

enrollmentnumbersofthecityschools

(34,544)toderiveanestimated2,769

NorthSideprojectarearesidentstudents

attendingthecityschooldistrictorcity

charterschools.MissouriWonkisawarethat

thisestimateismostlikelylowerthanthereal

enrollmentnumber,whichwouldhavethe

effectofloweringthetotalestimated

expendituresassociatedwiththeNorthSide

projectarea,butwouldnotimpacttheper-

enrolledQigureforthearea.14Witha

reasonableestimateforthenumberof

NorthSideprojectareastudentsattending

publicschool,MissouriWonkwasthenableto

produceanestimateoftheexpenditures

associatedwiththeNorthSideprojectarea

students.

Whilethetotalrevenuereceivedbyaschooldistrictisderivedfromvariedandoften

complexsources,twoidentiQiablestreamsof

revenuearedrivenpurelybythenumberand

concentrationoflowincomestudentsthata

schooldistrictserves:FederalTitle1andthe

FreeandReducedLunchweightingfactorin

thestateFoundationFormula.Forthe

purposesofthisstudy,MissouriWonk

assumednootherspecialcharacteristicsother

thanpovertyforthestudentsresidingintheNorthSideprojectarea.Thereisnoreasonto

assume,andnoknowndatatosupport,the

notionthatstudentsresidingintheNorthSide

projectareawouldhavehigherorlower

instancesofdisabilitiesorEnglishasasecond

languageidentiQicationthanthestudentsof

thecitydistrictasawhole,thereforeMissouri

Wonkfoundnobasisforadjustingexpenditure

dataassociatedwiththeNorthSideprojectareastudentsfromsourcessuchasIDEAor

TitleIII.However,thereisabundantandclear

quantitativeevidencetosupporttheassertion

thatstudentsresidingintheNorthSideproject

arealiveinhouseholdsreportingsigniQicantly


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NORTHSIDE EDUCATION

lowerincomesthanthestudentpopulationof

thecityasawhole.

Toquantifythishypothesis,MissouriWonk

comparedincomedatafromthe2010census

oftheNorthSideprojectareaandthecityasawhole.15Whiletheaverageincomeofthecity

was$47,256in2010,theaverageincomeof

theNorthSideprojectareawasonly

$27,176.27,adifferenceof-42.49%.16Since

boththeTitleIdistributionformulaandthe

FreeandReducedLunchPupilcountinthe

statefoundationformulaescalatespayment

amountstodistrictspurelybasedonpoverty,

MissouriWonkappliedthe42.49%povertyratiototheper-enrolledpupilamountsofthe

studentsresidingintheNorthSideproject

area.

FortheFreeandReducedLunchweighting

factorfromthestatefoundationformula,

MissouriWonkQirstderivedthetotalrevenue

receivedbytheSt.LouisPublicSchooldistrict

andthecitycharterschoolsasaresultofthe

FreeandReducedLunchPupilCount.Todeterminethisamount,MissouriWonk

dividedthetotal2010stateformulapayment

totheSt.LouisPublicSchoolDistrictandcity

charterschools($150.8million17)bythetotal

WeightedAverageDailyAttendance

(40,69418)ofthedistrictandcharterschools

combined,andthenmultipliedthisquotient

by4,400.24.(The4,400.24Qigurewasderived

bystartingwiththetotalfreeandreduced

countforthedistrictandcitycharterschools

of28,710.4019,thensubtractingthethreshold

amountof11,109.4620,andQinallymultiplying

thisdifferenceby.25,whichistheFreeand

Reducedweightingfactor21).

Theresultofthiscalculationshowsthetotal

staterevenuereceivedbytheSt.LouisPublic

Schooldistrictandthecitycharterschoolsas

aresultoftheFreeandReducedLunchPupil

Counttobeapproximately$16.3million.22

This$16.3millionQigurewasthenadjusted

fromWeightedAverageDailyAttendancedata

toenrollmentdatainordertoconformtothe

enrollmentnumbersutilizedthroughoutthis

study,asthecensustractinformationutilized

toapproximatethenumberofpublicschool

studentsresidingintheNorthSideproject

areawasenumeratedbymeansofenrollment

Qigures,nottheWeightedAverageDaily

Attendancedatautilizedbythestatefoundationformula.Toaccomplishthis

adjustment,MissouriWonkdividedthe$16.3

millionattributabletotheFreeandReduced

LunchcountbytheenrollmentQigureof

34,544inordertoderiveaper-enrolled

studentvalueof$471.84attributabletothe

FreeandReducedLunchPupilCount.The

povertyratioof42.49%wasthenappliedto

thisper-enrolledstudentQigure,whichadded

$200.49tothe$471.84city-widenumberfor

eachstudentresidingintheNorthSideproject

area,resultinginatotal$672.33per-enrolled

studentfromtheNorthSideprojectareaasa

directresultoftheFreeandReducedLunch

Pupilcount.

ThesamemethodologyusedtoadjusttheFree

andReducedLunchmonieswasthenapplied

totheTitleIrevenuestream,astheTitleIrevenuedistributionisbasedonthenumber

andconcentrationofpoorstudentsthata

schooldistrictserves.In2010,theSt.Louis

PublicSchoolDistrictandcitycharterschools

received$40.8MillioninTitle1revenues23.

This$40.8MillioninTitle1revenuewasthen


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NORTHSIDE EDUCATION

dividedbythecombinedenrollmentQigures

forthedistrictandcitycharterschoolsof

34,544inordertoobtainaper-enrolled

studentvalueof$1,182.44attributabletothe

Title1revenuestream.Thepovertyratioof

42.49%wasthenappliedtothisper-enrolled

studentQigure,whichadded$502.42tothe

$1,182.44citywidenumberforeachstudent

residingintheNorthSideprojectarea,

resultinginatotal$1,684.85per-enrolled

studentfromtheNorthSideprojectarea

resultingfromtheTitle1revenuestream.

AlternateNorthSideProjectArea

Calculation

Asdiscussedearlier,MissouriWonkconverted

thecensusenrolledinpublicschooldata

thatshowedatotalof3,141NorthSideproject

arearesidents,aged5-18,attendingpublic

schoolbecausethecensusdatasuggested

largerenrollmentnumbersthantheactual

enrollmentstatisticsreportedbythecity

schooldistrictandcitycharterschools.Since

therestofthisstudyutilizedtheofQicialschooldistrictdataforallothercalculations,

MissouriWonkconvertedthecensus

enrollmentdatausingtheofQicialschool

enrollmentQiguresbyapplyingaratioof

8.02%(explainedabove)forpurposesof

quantifyingeducationfundingexpendituresof

theNorthSideprojectarea.Whilethislower

enrollmentnumbermostlikelyunder-

representstheactualnumberofNorthSide

projectarearesidentsattendingpublicschool

(someofwhomarenodoubtenrolledin

countyschoolsaspartoftheVICCprogram)

andthereforeunder-representsthetotalK-12

educationexpenditureassociatedwiththe

NorthSideprojectarea,thelowerenrollment

numberwouldnotaffecttheper-enrolled

pupilQigurereportedfortheNorthSideproject

area.

WhileMissouriWonkismorecomfortable

withtheestimatedtotalexpenditureQigureoftheNorthSideprojectareausingthepared

downenrollmentQiguresderivedfromthe

8.02%ratio,speciQicallybecauseitconverts

theenrollmentnumberstocorrespondwith

themethodologyanddatautilizedthroughout

thestudy,onecouldmakeanargumentfor

applyingthehigherenrollmentQigures

deriveddirectlyfromthecensusforpurposes

ofcalculatinganalternatetotalK-12educationexpenditurefortheNorthSide

projectarea.WhenMissouriWonkapplied

thishigherenrollmentQigureof3,141(instead

ofthelower,ratio-driven2,769enrollment

Qigure)thetotalestimatedNorthSideproject

areaK-12educationexpenditurefromall

sources(local,state,andfederal)increased

from$45,250,599to$51,327,414.

However,this$51.3Millionestimateismostlikelyoverstatedforafewreasons.First,this

higherenrollmentQigureisdisconnectedfrom

theotherfactorsintheequation,allofwhich

werederivedfromtheactualstatistics

reportedbytheschools.Second,themost

likelyreasonforthedivergenceinthe

enrollmentnumbersisthefactthatthousands

ofcitystudentsareattendingcountyschools

bymeansoftheVICCprogram.Theincreased

revenueassociatedwithlowincomestudents

enrolledinthecityschools(wherethat

studentispartofaconcentrationoflow

incomestudents)willbelesspronounced

whenthatsamestudentattendsacounty

schooldistrictthatmostlikelydoesnotenroll

enoughlowincomestudentstobringthe


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NORTHSIDE EDUCATION

countyschoolovertheFreeandReduced

Lunchweightingfactorthresholdinthestate

fundingformulaorthehighconcentrationof

povertydeQinitionsoftheTitleIprogram,

againbreakingfromtheotherwisesound

assumptionsofthisstudysmethodology.

Inreality,thetotalestimatedNorthSide

projectareaK-12educationexpenditurefrom

allsources(local,state,andfederal)ismost

likelyhigherthantheratio-driven

$45,250,599estimateandlowerthanthe

alternatecensus-driven$51,327,414

approximation.

SpendingbyArea

NorthSide:

In2010,anestimated2,769studentresidentsoftheNorthSideprojectareawereenrolledin

K-12publicschool.24ThetotalestimatedNorthSideprojectareaK-12educationexpenditure

fromallsources(local,state,andfederal)was$45,250,599.Theestimatedper-enrolledpupil

amount25fortheNorthSideprojectareawas$16,341,whichcanbebrokendownas:$7,535

fromlocalrevenuesources;$4,589fromstatesources;and$4,217fromfederalsources.26

St.LouisCity27:

In2010,34,544studentsinthecityofSt.LouiswereenrolledinK-12publicschool.Thetotal

citywideK-12educationexpenditurefromallsources(local,state,andfederal)was$540

Million28.Theper-enrolledpupilamountforthecitywas$15,639,whichcanbebrokendown

Table3:PerPupilSpendingbyLevelofGovernment

AreaLocalFundingper

Pupil

StateFundingper

Pupil

FederalFunding

perPupil

TotalFundingper

Pupil

NorthSide $7,835 $4,589 $4,217 $16,341

St.LouisCity $7,535 $4,389 $3,715 $15,639

STLMetro $9,663 $2,983 $1,325 $13,972

Missouri $7,083 $3,628 $1,856 $12,567

Source:Seemethodologyaspreviouslydescribedinthisanalysis


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NORTHSIDE EDUCATION

as:$7,535fromlocalrevenuesources;$4,389fromstatesources;and$3,715fromfederal

sources.

TheSt.LouisMetropolitanArea29:

In2010,285,292studentsintheSt.LouismetropolitanareawereenrolledinK-12publicschool.ThetotalregionalK-12educationexpenditurefromallsources(local,state,andfederal)was$4

Billion.30Theper-enrolledpupilamountfortheregionwas$14,174,whichcanbebrokendown

as:$9,405fromlocalrevenuesources;$3,153fromstatesources;and$1,614fromfederal

sources.

Missouri

In2010,889,541MissouristudentswereenrolledinK-12publicschool.ThetotalstatewideK-12

educationexpenditurefromallsources(local,state,andfederal)was$11.2Billion.31Theper-

enrolledpupilamountforthestateaswholewas$12,567,whichcanbebrokendownas:$7,083

fromlocalsources;$3,628fromstatesources;and$1,856fromfederalsources.

Graph4:StateSpendingPerPupil

$0##

$500##

$1,000##

$1,500##

$2,000##

$2,500##

$3,000##

$3,500##

$4,000##

$4,500##

$5,000##

NorthSide# St.#Louis#City# STL#Region# Missouri#


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NORTHSIDE EDUCATION

Graph5:TotalSpendingPerPupil

Table4:TotalEducationSpendingbyLevelofGovernment

AreaTotalLocal

Funding

TotalState

Funding

TotalFederal

Funding

TotalFunding

(AllSources)

NorthSide $21,696,251 $12,707,607 $11,677,485 $45,250,599*

St.LouisCity32 $260,281,399 $151,609,166 $128,327,193 $540,217,758

STLMetro $2,683,251,556 $899,588,052 $460,567,228 $4,043,657,023

Missouri $6,300,779,126 $3,227,336,816 $1,651,030,080 $11,179,146,023

*Asdiscussedpreviously,thisnumbercouldbeashighas$51,327,414Source:Pleaseseemethodologyaspreviouslydescribedinthisanalysis

$0##

$2,000##

$4,000##

$6,000##

$8,000##

$10,000##

$12,000##

$14,000##

$16,000##

$18,000##



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NORTHSIDE EDUCATION

Summary

Onthemeasureofeducation,theNorthSidepopulationhasbothasigniQicantlyhigher

proportionthatlacksahighschooldegreeandamuchlowerproportionthathasacollege

degreewhencomparedtothepopulationsofSt.LouisCity,theSt.LouisMetropolitanarea,or

Missouri.TheareaalsosuffersfromahighschooldropoutratethatissigniQicantlyhigherthan

theotherthreeareas.ThesestatisticsareinspiteofthefactthatNorthSidestudentsenrolledin

publicschool,onaverage,accountformoremoneyonaperpupilbasisthanstudents,on

average,enrolledintheSt.LouisCitySchoolDistrict,thepublicschoolsintheSt.Louis

Metropolitanarea,orpublicschoolsinMissouri.Thisinformationissummarizedinthegraphs

below.

0.00%$

5.00%$

10.00%$

15.00%$

20.00%$

25.00%$

30.00%$

35.00%$

40.00%$

NorthSide$ STL$City$ STL$Metro$Area$ Missouri$0.00%$

2.00%$

4.00%$

6.00%$

8.00%$

10.00%$

12.00%$

14.00%$

16.00%$

18.00%$


$0##

$500##

$1,000##

$1,500##

$2,000##

$2,500##

$3,000##

$3,500##

$4,000##

$4,500##

$5,000##


$0##

$2,000##

$4,000##

$6,000##

$8,000##

$10,000##

$12,000##

$14,000##

$16,000##

$18,000##


PercentageofPopulationWithoutaHigh

SchoolDegreeHighSchoolDropoutRate

StateSpendingonPublicEducation TotalSpendingonPublicEducation


14/19

www.mowonk.com 14

NORTHSIDE EDUCATION

Data,Sources,andArea

Relyingoncensusdatafrom1970-2010,MissouriWonkcanshowhowthedemographicsofthe

populationhavechangedfortheNorthSidearea6.Theareaoffocusinthisanalysisisthe

geographicregionencompassedbycensustractscensustracts1115,1202,1212,1257,1266,

1271,and1275ofthe2010census.Theareaisshownbelow.

Figure1:NorthSideArea2010CensusTracts

Source:MapproducedwithGeolyticssoftware,ACS2006-2010Interface.

Note:NumbersabovedenotecensustractnumbersusedbyUnitedStatesBureauofthe

Census.

1202

1266

1257

1271

1275

1212

1115


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NORTHSIDE EDUCATION

Figure2:NorthSideAreainContextofSt.LouisCity

Source:MapproducedwithGeolyticssoftware,ACS2006-2010Interface.

Note:TheareashownhighlightedinredstripesdesignatestheNorthSide

Area.


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NORTHSIDE EDUCATION

1NationalBureauofEconomicResearchhttp://www.nber.org/digest/mar07/w12352.html

2Includingbranches.3JustasintheprecedingpaperrelatingtothehistoryanddemographicsoftheNorthSideregion

inSt.Louis,theareaincludescensustracts1115,1202,1212,1257,1266,1271,and1275ofthe

2010decennialcensus.4CharterschoolsalsocurrentlyofferanalternativetotheSt.LouisPublicSchoolsystem.5Bock,Jessica.StateBoardGivesProvisionalAccreditationtoSt.LouisPublicSchools.

PublishedontheSt.LouisPostDispatchwebsiteonOctober16,2012.Retrievedfromtheworld

widewebathttp://www.stltoday.com/news/local/education/state-board-gives-provisional-

accreditation-for-st-louis-public-schools/article_27dc696e-596a-5c4f-a5ad-e5c8d224971f.html

onOctober23,2012.6Forpurposesofthisanalysis,theSt.LouismetropolitanareaincludesSt.LouisCity,St.Louis

County,St.CharlesCounty,JeffersonCounty,andFranklinCounty.7ThisratevariessubstantiallyfromthenumbersreportedbytheSt.LouisCitySchoolDistrict,

whichreporteda17.5%dropoutratein2010(DESEDistrictReportCard2012).However,the

methodofcalculatingdropoutsplusthefactthattherateisforalltypesofschools,publicand

private,likelyaccountsforthedifference.Thenumbers,however,areusefulforcomparinghigh

schooldropoutratesofdifferentareas,asthemethodologyofthecensusisconsistent

throughoutallareas.8AmericanCommunitySurveydatafromtheGeolyticsACS2006-2010Interface

9The18and19agegroupforAttendingPublicSchoolwasdividedinhalftobetterreQlectK-12attendance.10Forexample:Cook,T.D.,&Campbell,D.T.(1979).uasi-experimentation:Designandanalysis

issues.Boston,MA:HoughtonMifQlinCompany.11VoluntaryInterdistrictChoiceCorporationBoardMeetingHighlights,November19,2010.

http://www.choicecorp.org/BH1110.pdf12Countyresidentsattendingcitymagnetschoolswasapproximately173in2010,anegligible

number.133141/39,183=.0801614SeethealternateNorthSideprojectareacalculationattheendofthisstudy,whichcontainsan

alternativeenrollmentQigureandthereforeexpendituretotalfortheNorthSideprojectarea.15AmericanCommunitySurveydatafromtheGeolyticsACS2006-2010Interface.16Similarly,theSt.Louis CityMedianIncomeQigurefor2010was$33,652,whiletheNorthSide

projectareaMedianIncomeQigurefor2010was$18,025,producingasimilarratio.17TotalstateformularevenuetotheSt.LouisPublicSchoolDistrictandcityCharterschoolsof

$150,738,559,culledfromDESEsJune2010paymenttransmittaldata.

Notes
http://www.choicecorp.org/BH1110.pdfhttp://www.stltoday.com/news/local/education/state-board-gives-provisional-accreditation-for-st-louis-public-schools/article_27dc696e-596a-5c4f-a5ad-e5c8d224971f.htmlhttp://www.stltoday.com/news/local/education/state-board-gives-provisional-accreditation-for-st-louis-public-schools/article_27dc696e-596a-5c4f-a5ad-e5c8d224971f.htmlhttp://www.stltoday.com/news/local/education/state-board-gives-provisional-accreditation-for-st-louis-public-schools/article_27dc696e-596a-5c4f-a5ad-e5c8d224971f.htmlhttp://www.choicecorp.org/BH1110.pdfhttp://www.choicecorp.org/BH1110.pdfhttp://www.stltoday.com/news/local/education/state-board-gives-provisional-accreditation-for-st-louis-public-schools/article_27dc696e-596a-5c4f-a5ad-e5c8d224971f.htmlhttp://www.stltoday.com/news/local/education/state-board-gives-provisional-accreditation-for-st-louis-public-schools/article_27dc696e-596a-5c4f-a5ad-e5c8d224971f.htmlhttp://www.stltoday.com/news/local/education/state-board-gives-provisional-accreditation-for-st-louis-public-schools/article_27dc696e-596a-5c4f-a5ad-e5c8d224971f.htmlhttp://www.stltoday.com/news/local/education/state-board-gives-provisional-accreditation-for-st-louis-public-schools/article_27dc696e-596a-5c4f-a5ad-e5c8d224971f.htmlhttp://www.nber.org/digest/mar07/w12352.htmlhttp://www.nber.org/digest/mar07/w12352.htmlhttp://www.mowonk.com/http://www.mowonk.com/


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NORTHSIDE EDUCATION

18TotalWeightedAverageDailyAttendanceoftheSt.LouisPublicSchoolDistrictandcity

Charterschoolsof40,694,culledfromDESEsJune2010paymenttransmittaldata.19DESEsFreeandReducedLunchReportfor2010-https://mcds.dese.mo.gov/quickfacts/

School%20Finance%20Data%20and%20Reports/Free%20and%20Reduced%20Lunch

%20Percentage%20by%20Building/frl-2010.xls20Totalfreeandreducedcount(28,710.40)multipliedbythefreeandreducedthresholdforthe

2009-2010schoolyear(27.30%).21Section163.011(20),RSMo.2216,299,35223TotalTitle1revenuesreceivedbytheSt.LouisPublicSchoolDistrictandcityCharterschools

equal$40,846,100,culledfromDESEsJune2010paymenttransmittaldata.24Unlessotherwisenoted,allinformationderivedinthisstudyisbasedon2010dataculledfrom

DESEs"FinanceDataandStatisticsSummaryforAllDistricts"-https://mcds.dese.mo.gov/

quickfacts/Pages/District-and-School-Information.aspx

25Expendituresbyenrollmentcalculatedbymultiplyingrevenuesourcepercentage(local,state,federal)bytotalexpenditures,thensummingexpendituresbyclassanddividingbythesumof

enrollmentforthedistrict/groups.26Thepercentagebreakdownsfor2010maybesomewhatmisleading,asthestatereceived

millionsofdollarsinARRA(Stimulus)moneysthatyear,leadingtohigherreportedpercentages

ofFederalmoniesinthisstudy.27Forpurposesofthisstudy,theSt.LouisareacharterschoolsareincludedwiththeSt.Louis

PublicSchooldistrictinthedeQinitionofSt.LouisCity.28$540,217,758.29Forpurposesofthisstudy,TheSt.LouisMetropolitanareaincludesschooldistrictslocatedin

theCityofSt.Louis,St.LouisCounty,St.CharlesCounty,JeffersonCounty,andFranklinCounty,as

denotedbyDESEscountycoding.30$4,043,657,583.31$11,179,146,023.32TheindividualschooldistrictdataforSt.LouisCitywillshowskewedresultsonaper-

districtandper-charterschoolbasis,asthemannerinwhichDESEpayscharterschools(andthe

districtsinwhichtheyarelocated)isdifferentthanthemannerusedtopayschoolsdistricts

withoutcharterschools.Essentially,DESEallowstheSt.LouisPublicSchooldistricttokeepall

ofthelocaltaxrevenuefromthecity,includingtheportionthatisowedtotheindividualcharter

schools,andinsteadpaysthecharterschoolsanelevatedstateaidamounttooffsetthelocalrevenueowed,butnotdistributed,tothecharterschools.Thispaymentmethoddoesnotskew

thenumbersreportedabove,asthecitywideQiguresarereportedastotals.
https://mcds.dese.mo.gov/quickfacts/Pages/District-and-School-Information.aspxhttps://mcds.dese.mo.gov/quickfacts/Pages/District-and-School-Information.aspxhttps://mcds.dese.mo.gov/quickfacts/Pages/District-and-School-Information.aspxhttps://mcds.dese.mo.gov/quickfacts/Pages/District-and-School-Information.aspxhttps://mcds.dese.mo.gov/quickfacts/Pages/District-and-School-Information.aspxhttps://mcds.dese.mo.gov/quickfacts/Pages/District-and-School-Information.aspxhttps://mcds.dese.mo.gov/quickfacts/Pages/District-and-School-Information.aspxhttps://mcds.dese.mo.gov/quickfacts/School%20Finance%20Data%20and%20Reports/Free%20and%20Reduced%20Lunch%20Percentage%20by%20Building/frl-2010.xlshttps://mcds.dese.mo.gov/quickfacts/School%20Finance%20Data%20and%20Reports/Free%20and%20Reduced%20Lunch%20Percentage%20by%20Building/frl-2010.xlshttps://mcds.dese.mo.gov/quickfacts/School%20Finance%20Data%20and%20Reports/Free%20and%20Reduced%20Lunch%20Percentage%20by%20Building/frl-2010.xlshttps://mcds.dese.mo.gov/quickfacts/School%20Finance%20Data%20and%20Reports/Free%20and%20Reduced%20Lunch%20Percentage%20by%20Building/frl-2010.xlshttps://mcds.dese.mo.gov/quickfacts/School%20Finance%20Data%20and%20Reports/Free%20and%20Reduced%20Lunch%20Percentage%20by%20Building/frl-2010.xlshttps://mcds.dese.mo.gov/quickfacts/School%20Finance%20Data%20and%20Reports/Free%20and%20Reduced%20Lunch%20Percentage%20by%20Building/frl-2010.xlshttp://www.mowonk.com/http://www.mowonk.com/


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NORTHSIDE EDUCATION

References

Bock,Jessica.StateBoardGivesProvisionalAccreditationtoSt.LouisPublicSchools.

PublishedontheSt.LouisPostDispatchwebsiteonOctober16,2012.Retrievedfromtheworldwidewebathttp://www.stltoday.com/news/local/education/state-board-gives-provisional-accreditation-for-st-louis-public-schools/article_27dc696e-596a-5c4f-a5ad-e5c8d224971f.htmlonOctober23,2012.

Cook,T.D.,&Campbell,D.T..uasi-experimentation:Designandanalysisissues.Houghton

MifQlinCompany:Boston,MA.1979.

MissouriDepartmentofElementaryandSecondaryEducation(DESE).DistrictReportCard. RetrievedfromtheworldwidewebonNovember24,2012athttps://

mcds.dese.mo.gov/guidedinquiry/School%20Report%20Card/District%20Report %20Card.aspxrp:SchoolYear=2011&rp:SchoolYear=2010&rp:SchoolYear=2009&rp:

SchoolYear=2008&rp:DistrictCode=115115

MissouriDESE.FinanceDataandStatisticsSummaryforAllDistricts.Retrievedfromthe

worldwidewebonNovember24,2012athttps://mcds.dese.mo.gov/quickfacts/Pages/

District-and-School-Information.aspx.

Missouri(DESE).FreeandReducedLunchReport2010.Retrievedfromtheworldwideweb onNovember24,2012athttps://mcds.dese.mo.gov/quickfacts/School%20Finance %20Data%20and%20Reports/Free%20and%20Reduced%20Lunch%20Percentage

%20by%20Building/frl-2010.xls

Picker,Les.TheEffectsofEducationonHeal th.NationalBureauofEconomicResearch. RetrievedfromtheworldwidewebonNovember24,2012athttp://www.nber.org/ digest/mar07/w12352.html.

St.LouisPublicSchools.DirectoryoftheSt.LouisPublicSchools:1959-1960.BoardofEducationoftheCityofSt.Louis:St.Louis,MO.1959.

St.LouisPublicSchools.SLPS2012-2013SchoolListings.RetrievedfromtheworldwidewebonNovember11,2012fromhttp://www.slps.org/domain/5110 .

Troen,Selwyn.ThePublicandtheSchools:ShapingtheSt.LouisSystem,1838-

1920. UniversityofMissouriPress:Columbia,MO.1975.

UnitedStatesBureauoftheCensus.2010AmericanCommunitySurvey.Producedwith

Geolytics,Inc.software.
http://www.mowonk.com/http://www.slps.org/domain/5110http://www.nber.org/digest/mar07/w12352.htmlhttps://mcds.dese.mo.gov/quickfacts/School%20Finance%20Data%20and%20Reports/Free%20and%20Reduced%20Lunch%20Percentage%20by%20Building/frl-2010.xlshttps://mcds.dese.mo.gov/quickfacts/School%20Finance%20Data%20and%20Reports/Free%20and%20Reduced%20Lunch%20Percentage%20by%20Building/frl-2010.xlshttps://mcds.dese.mo.gov/quickfacts/School%20Finance%20Data%20and%20Reports/Free%20and%20Reduced%20Lunch%20Percentage%20by%20Building/frl-2010.xlshttps://mcds.dese.mo.gov/quickfacts/Pages/District-and-School-Information.aspxhttps://mcds.dese.mo.gov/guidedinquiry/School%20Report%20Card/District%20Report%20Card.aspx?rp:SchoolYear=2011&rp:SchoolYear=2010&rp:SchoolYear=2009&rp:SchoolYear=2008&rp:DistrictCode=115115https://mcds.dese.mo.gov/guidedinquiry/School%20Report%20Card/District%20Report%20Card.aspx?rp:SchoolYear=2011&rp:SchoolYear=2010&rp:SchoolYear=2009&rp:SchoolYear=2008&rp:DistrictCode=115115https://mcds.dese.mo.gov/guidedinquiry/School%20Report%20Card/District%20Report%20Card.aspx?rp:SchoolYear=2011&rp:SchoolYear=2010&rp:SchoolYear=2009&rp:SchoolYear=2008&rp:DistrictCode=115115https://mcds.dese.mo.gov/guidedinquiry/School%20Report%20Card/District%20Report%20Card.aspx?rp:SchoolYear=2011&rp:SchoolYear=2010&rp:SchoolYear=2009&rp:SchoolYear=2008&rp:DistrictCode=115115https://mcds.dese.mo.gov/guidedinquiry/School%20Report%20Card/District%20Report%20Card.aspx?rp:SchoolYear=2011&rp:SchoolYear=2010&rp:SchoolYear=2009&rp:SchoolYear=2008&rp:DistrictCode=115115http://www.slps.org/domain/5110http://www.slps.org/domain/5110http://www.nber.org/digest/mar07/w12352.htmlhttp://www.nber.org/digest/mar07/w12352.htmlhttp://www.nber.org/digest/mar07/w12352.htmlhttp://www.nber.org/digest/mar07/w12352.htmlhttps://mcds.dese.mo.gov/quickfacts/School%20Finance%20Data%20and%20Reports/Free%20and%20Reduced%20Lunch%20Percentage%20by%20Building/frl-2010.xlshttps://mcds.dese.mo.gov/quickfacts/School%20Finance%20Data%20and%20Reports/Free%20and%20Reduced%20Lunch%20Percentage%20by%20Building/frl-2010.xlshttps://mcds.dese.mo.gov/quickfacts/School%20Finance%20Data%20and%20Reports/Free%20and%20Reduced%20Lunch%20Percentage%20by%20Building/frl-2010.xlshttps://mcds.dese.mo.gov/quickfacts/School%20Finance%20Data%20and%20Reports/Free%20and%20Reduced%20Lunch%20Percentage%20by%20Building/frl-2010.xlshttps://mcds.dese.mo.gov/quickfacts/School%20Finance%20Data%20and%20Reports/Free%20and%20Reduced%20Lunch%20Percentage%20by%20Building/frl-2010.xlshttps://mcds.dese.mo.gov/quickfacts/School%20Finance%20Data%20and%20Reports/Free%20and%20Reduced%20Lunch%20Percentage%20by%20Building/frl-2010.xlshttps://mcds.dese.mo.gov/quickfacts/Pages/District-and-School-Information.aspxhttps://mcds.dese.mo.gov/quickfacts/Pages/District-and-School-Information.aspxhttps://mcds.dese.mo.gov/quickfacts/Pages/District-and-School-Information.aspxhttps://mcds.dese.mo.gov/quickfacts/Pages/District-and-School-Information.aspxhttps://mcds.dese.mo.gov/guidedinquiry/School%20Report%20Card/District%20Report%20Card.aspx?rp:SchoolYear=2011&rp:SchoolYear=2010&rp:SchoolYear=2009&rp:SchoolYear=2008&rp:DistrictCode=115115https://mcds.dese.mo.gov/guidedinquiry/School%20Report%20Card/District%20Report%20Card.aspx?rp:SchoolYear=2011&rp:SchoolYear=2010&rp:SchoolYear=2009&rp:SchoolYear=2008&rp:DistrictCode=115115https://mcds.dese.mo.gov/guidedinquiry/School%20Report%20Card/District%20Report%20Card.aspx?rp:SchoolYear=2011&rp:SchoolYear=2010&rp:SchoolYear=2009&rp:SchoolYear=2008&rp:DistrictCode=115115https://mcds.dese.mo.gov/guidedinquiry/School%20Report%20Card/District%20Report%20Card.aspx?rp:SchoolYear=2011&rp:SchoolYear=2010&rp:SchoolYear=2009&rp:SchoolYear=2008&rp:DistrictCode=115115https://mcds.dese.mo.gov/guidedinquiry/School%20Report%20Card/District%20Report%20Card.aspx?rp:SchoolYear=2011&rp:SchoolYear=2010&rp:SchoolYear=2009&rp:SchoolYear=2008&rp:DistrictCode=115115https://mcds.dese.mo.gov/guidedinquiry/School%20Report%20Card/District%20Report%20Card.aspx?rp:SchoolYear=2011&rp:SchoolYear=2010&rp:SchoolYear=2009&rp:SchoolYear=2008&rp:DistrictCode=115115https://mcds.dese.mo.gov/guidedinquiry/School%20Report%20Card/District%20Report%20Card.aspx?rp:SchoolYear=2011&rp:SchoolYear=2010&rp:SchoolYear=2009&rp:SchoolYear=2008&rp:DistrictCode=115115https://mcds.dese.mo.gov/guidedinquiry/School%20Report%20Card/District%20Report%20Card.aspx?rp:SchoolYear=2011&rp:SchoolYear=2010&rp:SchoolYear=2009&rp:SchoolYear=2008&rp:DistrictCode=115115http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/education/state-board-gives-provisional-accreditation-for-st-louis-public-schools/article_27dc696e-596a-5c4f-a5ad-e5c8d224971f.htmlhttp://www.stltoday.com/news/local/education/state-board-gives-provisional-accreditation-for-st-louis-public-schools/article_27dc696e-596a-5c4f-a5ad-e5c8d224971f.htmlhttp://www.stltoday.com/news/local/education/state-board-gives-provisional-accreditation-for-st-louis-public-schools/article_27dc696e-596a-5c4f-a5ad-e5c8d224971f.htmlhttp://www.stltoday.com/news/local/education/state-board-gives-provisional-accreditation-for-st-louis-public-schools/article_27dc696e-596a-5c4f-a5ad-e5c8d224971f.htmlhttp://www.stltoday.com/news/local/education/state-board-gives-provisional-accreditation-for-st-louis-public-schools/article_27dc696e-596a-5c4f-a5ad-e5c8d224971f.htmlhttp://www.stltoday.com/news/local/education/state-board-gives-provisional-accreditation-for-st-louis-public-schools/article_27dc696e-596a-5c4f-a5ad-e5c8d224971f.htmlhttps://mcds.dese.mo.gov/quickfacts/Pages/District-and-School-Information.aspxhttps://mcds.dese.mo.gov/quickfacts/Pages/District-and-School-Information.aspxhttp://www.mowonk.com/http://www.mowonk.com/


19/19

ABOUT MISSOURI WONK

Missouri Wonk is a firm founded by Brian Schmidt that performs policy analysis services for

businesses, trade associations non-profits, campaigns, and government entities. From January to May,

Missouri Wonk Reports provides weekly updates and analyses on tax and economic development issues

confronting Missouri. From June through December, Missouri Wonk Reports dives into the details by

providing more in-depth monthly analyses of Missouri state and local tax and economic development

policies.

ABOUT BRIAN SCHMIDT

Brian Schmidt served as the Executive Director of the Missouri General Assemblys Joint Committee

on Tax Policy from 2005 through 2011. He received a Bachelor of Political Science degree at Truman

State University and a Master of Public Affairs- Public Policy degree at the University of Missouri-

Columbia.

NORTHSIDE EDUCATION

VoluntaryInterdistrictChoiceCorporation.MeetingHighlights:November19,2010.

RetrievedfromtheworldwidewebonNovember24,2012fromhttp://

www.choicecorp.org/BH1110.pdf.
http://www.mowonk.com/http://www.mowonk.com/http://www.choicecorp.org/BH1110.pdfhttp://www.choicecorp.org/BH1110.pdfhttp://www.choicecorp.org/BH1110.pdfhttp://www.choicecorp.org/BH1110.pdf

Documents

NorthSide Regeneration Project white paper - Education, by Missouri Wonk