North v. South• North

– Settled by Puritans.– Revivalist, socially

active religious tradition.

– Town, city based culture.

– Diversified industries– Very little Slavery.

•South•Settled by Planters. •Conservative Anglican religion•Plantation-based culture.•Economy based on slavery.

Log Question #12

What do you remember from 8th grade about the Civil War? What

were the major differences between the North and the South?

Unit 1/Day 9Unit 1/Day 9The Fight Over SlaveryThe Fight Over Slavery

Unit 1/Day 9Unit 1/Day 9The Fight Over SlaveryThe Fight Over Slavery

Slavery and Admission of New States

• Each region wanted new states to follow its position on slavery.

• Missouri Compromise of 1820 (authored by Henry Clay): New states north of 36° 30′ would be free, south have slavery – uneasy balance of power between North and South.

• Admission of California as free upset the balance in favor of North.

• Some states threaten secession.

Compromise of 1850

• Henry Clay again smoothed things over with Compromise of 1850:– CA free state (for North)– Strengthened fugitive slave laws with Fugitive

Slave Act (for South)– “Popular Sovereignty”—territories vote to

become free or slave states

Abolitionism Grows

• Reason: Fugitive Slave Act: – No trial for escaped

slaves– Fines and jail for

helping slaves• Abolitionist Reaction

– Vigilante committees– Underground Railroad

(Harriet Tubman)– Persuasion: pamphlets,

tracts, books, especially Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Violence Begins

• Split Kansas from Nebraska, and granted both popular sovereignty (overturning Missouri Compromise)

• “Bleeding Kansas:” – Rival pro and anti slavery governments set up– Border Ruffians from Missouri come over to vote and intimidate

abolitionists

• Beating of Charles Sumner in the Senate symbolized the end of compromise and looming civil war

Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854:

Dred Scott Decision

• Dred Scott, a slave, traveled to Illinois, a free state. • Decided that in a free state he should be free.• Sued in federal court, lost, and appealed to Supreme Court in

1857.• Chief Justice Roger Taney, writing for the majority, ruled:

– Dred Scott was not a citizen, because he was a slave– Without the rights of a citizen, he had no standing to sue– Slaves, in fact, are property– Therefore, Congress cannot deprive people of their property

by making laws against slavery in the territories

Dred Scott Video

Consequences of Dred Scott

• Essentially extended slavery into all US territories.

• Led to Civil War.• After the war, the decision was nullified by 13th

and 14th Amendments.

Lincoln and SecessionLincoln and Secession• Abraham Lincoln:

– Became famous in debates against Stephen Douglas in Illinois Senate race that Lincoln lost

– Became rising star of Republican party• Election of 1860:

– Republican position on slavery clear– Democrats divided, supported two candidates, pro and anti slavery– Pro-slavery Constitutional Union party further split proslavery vote– Lincoln won with less than half the vote, no electoral votes from

South• South felt it had lost political representation

– Only option to protect their states’ “rights”?– Secession

• Abraham Lincoln: – Became famous in debates against Stephen Douglas in Illinois

Senate race that Lincoln lost– Became rising star of Republican party

• Election of 1860:– Republican position on slavery clear– Democrats divided, supported two candidates, pro and anti slavery– Pro-slavery Constitutional Union party further split proslavery vote– Lincoln won with less than half the vote, no electoral votes from

South• South felt it had lost political representation

– Only option to protect their states’ “rights”?– Secession

Video Break

The Civil War – Part 1 – Crash Course

Union and Confederates Clash

• Soldiers in each secessionist state in the South begin seizing federal buildings

• Fort Sumter in Charleston, SC falls to the Confederacy.• Confederate victory at Bull Run Creek near D.C.

Emancipation Proclamation

• 1863 - Lincoln declares all slaves should be free.• Jefferson Davis – President of the Confederacy disagrees and war rages on.

Life During the War

• Both sides employed a draft – conscription.• African-Americans join the north cause. • Disease – common and widespread.• Clara Barton worked as a Union nurse – later

founds American Red Cross.• Cost of war forces the north to impose the first

Income Tax on citizens.

Homework

• Page 165 #1

• Page 174 #1

• Due Monday