North American Lakes Embracing Their History, Ensuring Their …z0ku333mvy924cayk1kta4r1-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp... · 2016-10-17 · 4. On behalf of the New York State Federation

November 17 – 20, 2015The Saratoga Hilton and Saratoga Springs City Center

Saratoga Springs, New York

Symposium Program

Saratoga Springs2015

#NALMS2015

North American LakesEmbracing Their History, Ensuring Their Future

NALMS and the 35th International Symposium Host Committee would like to thank the following for their generous support and assistance in ensuring the success of our program:

North American Lakes: Embracing Their History, Ensuring Their FutureSponsors and Supporters Saratoga Springs

2015

pHPrinceton Hydro .com

Northeast Aquatic Research

Town of Lake George Village of Lake George

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On behalf of the North American Lake Management Society and New York Federation of Lake Associations (NYSFOLA), our local affiliate host, I would like to welcome you to beautiful Saratoga Springs and our 35th annual International Symposium, North American Lakes: Embracing Their History, Ensuring Their Future. Given what’s happening with anthropogenic eutrophication and CyanoHABs, this is going to be a challenge. NYSFOLA and our NALMS staff have worked hard putting together the program, and from what I’ve seen, this year’s conference is going to be one of the best ever. We have new workshops on Tuesday, in addition to many of our popular, reoccurring workshops, and the field trip, Exploring Lake George and Beyond is going to be awesome! And the talks! OMG, TMI, #brainfreeze! Like always, too many talks to attend at the same time; I’ll have to pick and choose, again. And there are lots of posters I want to visit, too. We appreciate our students and their participation; the students are the future of our organization. Please take time to visit and encourage them in their research and activities.

We especially thank our valued sponsors and exhibitors, as well! Without you, well, you know, we wouldn’t be where we are today.

The NALMS Board of Directors will be gathering informally Sunday night and formally all day Monday (our annual board meeting), doing the business of the Society, and will be presenting the results at the Membership meeting Wednesday afternoon. I hope everyone will attend this.

As always there are a number of evening events scheduled, to meet and greet, hang out and have fellowship with one another: The Tuesday night welcome event, Wednesday evening Exhibitors Reception, and the Thursday evening Awards Reception and Banquet. Also don’t want to leave out the Clean Lakes Classic Thursday at noon.

A special welcome to our many Past Presidents who are attending this year’s meeting! For our 35th anniversary, we’ve invited all our Past Presidents to attend and will have a special breakfast and evening social on Wednesday for fellowship and renewing old relationships.

It’s hard to believe a year has passed this quickly since last year’s symposium. It’s been an honor and pleasure, and quite humbling, to serve NALMS in this role. I’ve had the opportunity to attend a number of NALMS state and regional affiliate meetings, and have met many fine people over the year. I’m especially looking forward to working with Julie Chambers, our incoming President next year. I’ve known Julie for many years, as her state, Oklahoma and my state, Arkansas share a common state-line boundary, and waters from Arkansas flow into Oklahoma and Oklahoma into Arkansas. The NALMS Oklahoma Clean Lakes and Watersheds affiliate has a strong voice and contributes a lot in Oklahoma. I hope someday Arkansas will have a similar NALMS Affiliate, modeled after Oklahoma’s and the many others I’ve had a chance to come to know over the past year.

Thank you for the opportunity to serve you, the membership of NALMS. Looking forward to visiting with everyone in Saratoga Springs!

Reed Green President, 2015

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North American Lake Management Society

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On behalf of the New York State Federation of Lake Associations, this year’s Host Committee, I welcome you to the 35th International Symposium in Saratoga Springs – “North American Lakes: Embracing their History, Ensuring their Future.” This year’s symposium pays tribute to its historic setting – where lakes played a major role in the formation of our country. During the winter of 1775, Henry

Knox led an expedition to haul cannons from Fort Ticonderoga to Boston, departing over frozen Lake George, in order to drive the British from Boston Harbor. The following year, Benedict Arnold led America’s first navy to defeat the British at Valcour Island on Lake Champlain. In more recent times, lake management efforts to protect and restore these lakes has become a major focus for the region. With problems ranging from aquatic invasive species to harmful algal blooms, the area’s lake management activity requires local, state and even international efforts. As such, we believe that this NALMS symposium will serve as a tremendous opportunity for lake managers to share and explore the future of lake management.

We are excited to be in Saratoga Springs, a small city with much to offer visitors. Like the lakes around it, Saratoga played an important role during the American Revolution, and the Saratoga National Historic Park is a popular tourist destination. Saratoga’s mineral springs, among the few naturally carbonated springs in the country, have attracted visitors since Native Americans first discovered their restorative and healing powers. Visit Roosevelt Baths and Spa at Saratoga Spa State Park, and relax in the soothing waters. Saratoga is also famous for horse racing and boasts the oldest race track in the country. Although it’s not thoroughbred racing season, you can still visit the National Racing Museum and Hall of Fame, and the trotters will be racing at the Saratoga Casino and Raceway. So, you can still place your bets and have some fun if you choose to do so. Saratoga’s vibrant downtown has many wonderful restaurants and shops – all within walking distance of the City Center. The snow is falling in the Adirondack Mountains, but Saratoga Springs is opening up its doors to give NALMS members a warm welcome.

Welcome and enjoy!

Nancy Mueller Host Committee Chair

North American Lakes: Embracing Their History, Ensuring Their FutureSaratoga Springs

2015

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Table of ContentsSymposium Host Committee ................................................................................................. 7

2015 NALMS Board of Directors ........................................................................................... 8

NALMS History ..................................................................................................................... 9

Certified Lake Manager/Professional Program ....................................................................14

General Conference InformationName Badges & Event Tickets ..........................................................................................................................................................15

Poster Session Set Up........................................................................................................................................................................15

Message Board ..................................................................................................................................................................................15

Hospitality .........................................................................................................................................................................................15

Special Opportunities for Students...................................................................................................................................................15

Silent Auction ....................................................................................................................................................................................15

Photo Contest ....................................................................................................................................................................................15

Registration and Meal Functions .........................................................................................16

Exhibitors ............................................................................................................................ 17

Tuesday’s ProgramProgram at a Glance ......................................................................................................................................................................... 20

Workshops and Field Trips ...............................................................................................................................................................21

NALMS New Member Welcome Reception .....................................................................................................................................23

Saratoga Springs Meet and Greet / A Taste of the Spa City .............................................................................................................24

Wednesday’s ProgramProgram at a Glance ..........................................................................................................................................................................25

Opening Plenary Session ..................................................................................................................................................................26

Session A ...........................................................................................................................................................................................26

Session B .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 28

Session C ...........................................................................................................................................................................................29

NALMS’ Annual Membership Meeting ........................................................................................................................................... 30

Exhibitors’ Reception and Poster Session ........................................................................................................................................31

Paint Sip Fun .....................................................................................................................................................................................32

North American Lakes: Embracing Their History, Ensuring Their FutureTable of Contents Saratoga Springs

2015

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Thursday’s ProgramProgram at a Glance ..........................................................................................................................................................................33

Plenary Session .................................................................................................................................................................................34

Session D ...........................................................................................................................................................................................35

Clean Lakes Classic 5K Run/Walk ....................................................................................................................................................36

Session E ...........................................................................................................................................................................................36

Session F ............................................................................................................................................................................................37

NALMS Awards Reception & Banquet .............................................................................................................................................39

Friday’s ProgramProgram at a Glance ......................................................................................................................................................................... 40

Session G ...........................................................................................................................................................................................41

Session H ...........................................................................................................................................................................................42

Session I ............................................................................................................................................................................................43

Abstracts ............................................................................................................................. 45

Author Directory ................................................................................................................ 113

Saratoga Hilton / Saratoga City Center Site Map ......................................... Inside Back Cover

The North American Lake Management Society’s mission is to forge partnerships among citizens, scientists and professionals to foster the management and protection of lakes and reservoirs.

NALMS PO Box 5443 Madison, WI 53705-0443 p: 608.233.2836 • f: 608.233.3186 www.nalms.org

DisclaimerThe information and suggestions presented at the International Symposium of the North American Lake Management Society are subject to constant change and, therefore, should serve only as a foundation for further investigation. All information, procedures and materials contained or used as part of the International Symposium should be very carefully reviewed and should serve only as a guide for use in specific situations. Questions regarding such information, procedures and products should be directed to the specific individuals, companies and/or organizations submitting said items and information.

The opinions expressed by presenters, speakers, discussion panelists, committee members and exhibitors are those of said individuals and are not necessarily those of the North American Lake Management Society nor the conference sponsors.

Program subject to change.

Copyright© 2015 by the North American Lake Management Society (NALMS). All rights reserved.

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Matt AlbrightState University of New York Oneonta Biological Field Station • Cooperstown, N.Y. / New York State Federation of Lake Associations • LaFayette, N.Y.

Gregory BoyerState University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Great Lakes Research Consortium • Syracuse, N.Y.

Nancy Craft, Volunteer CoordinatorTioughnioga Lake Association • DeRuyter, N.Y.

Walter DutcherButterfield Lake Cottage Owners Association • Redwood, N.Y. / New York State Federation of Lake Associations • LaFayette, N.Y.

Willard HarmanState University of New York Oneonta Biological Field Station • Cooperstown, N.Y. / New York State Federation of Lake Associations • LaFayette, N.Y.

George KelleyPresident, New York State Federation of Lake Associations • LaFayette, N.Y.

Michelle Merola, Clean Lakes ClassicSaratoga Lake Association • Ballston Spa, N.Y.

Alan Richer, Local Arrangements AssistanceSaratoga Lake Association • Ballston Spa, N.Y.

Jan Shields, A Taste of Spa City, Clean Lakes ClassicBabcock Lake Estates • Petersburgh, N.Y. / New York State Federation of Lake Associations • LaFayette, N.Y.

Holly Waterfield, Student AffairsState University of New York Oneonta Biological Field Station • Cooperstown, N.Y.

With special thanks to: The New York State Federation of Lake Associations Board of Directors

Walter Lender and Kristen Rohne, Lake George Association • Lake George, N.Y.

Larry Eichler, Darrin Freshwater Institute • Bolton Landing, N.Y.

Lauren MacLeod and Rich Strum, Fort Ticonderoga • Ticonderoga, N.Y.

Meg Modley, Lake Champlain Basin Program • Grand Isle, Vt.

Symposium Host CommitteeNorth American Lakes: Embracing Their History, Ensuring Their Future

Saratoga Springs2015

Nancy Mueller, ChairNew York State Federation of Lake Associations • LaFayette, N.Y.

Dean Long, Program Committee ChairNew York State Federation of Lake Associations • LaFayette, N.Y.

Jeff Schloss, NALMS Conference Advisory ChairUniversity of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension • Durham, N.H.

Philip Forsberg, NALMS Director of Programs and OperationsNorth American Lake Management Society • Madison, Wis.

Greg Arenz, NALMS Director of Membership and MarketingNorth American Lake Management Society • Madison, Wis.

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Regional & At-large Directors

President

Reed GreenUS Geological Survey • Little Rock, Ark.

President-Elect

Julie ChambersOklahoma Water Resources Board • Oklahoma City, Okla.

Past-President

Terry McNabb, CLMAquatechnex, LLC • Bellingham, Wash.

Region 1Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont

Wendy GendronAquatic Restoration Consulting, LLC • Ashburnham, Mass.

Region 2New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico

Chris Mikolajczyk, CLMPrinceton Hydro LLC • High Bridge, N.J.

Region 3Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, W. Virginia

Nicki BellezzaReston Association • Reston, Va.

Region 4Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, N. Carolina, S. Carolina, Tennessee

Vacant

Region 5Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin

Melissa Clark, CLPIndiana University School of Public and Environmental Affairs • Bloomington, Ind.

Region 6Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas & countries outside the US & Canada

Bradley HufhinesBeaver Water District • Lowell, Ark.

Region 7Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska

George AntoniouIowa Department of Natural Resources • Des Moines, Ia.

Region 8Colorado, Montana, N. Dakota, S. Dakota, Utah, Wyoming

Michael EytelColorado River Water Conservation District • Glenwood Springs, Colo.

Region 9Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada

Todd TietjenSouthern Nevada Water Authority • Henderson, Nev.

Region 10Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington

Frank Wilhelm, CLPUniversity of Idaho • Moscow, Id.

Region 11New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec

Anna DesellasOntario Ministry of Environment • Dorset, Ont., Canada

Region 12Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Northwest Territories, Saskatchewan, Yukon Territory

Ron ZurawellAlberta Environmental Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting Agency • Edmonton, Alta., Canada

At-large DirectorRepresenting all members of NALMS

Vacant

Student At-large DirectorRepresenting student members of NALMS

Theodore HarrisUniversity of Kansas • Lawrence, Kans.

Executive Committee

Treasurer

Michael Perry, CLMLake County Water Authority • Tavares, Fla.

Secretary

Sara Peel, CLMWabash River Enhancement Corporation • Warsaw, Ind.

North American Lakes: Embracing Their History, Ensuring Their Future2015 NALMS Board of Directors Saratoga Springs

2015

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201-16 Julie Chambers

2014-15 Reed Green

2013-14 Terry McNabb

2012-13 Ann Shortelle

2011-12 Al Sosiak

2010-11 Bev Clark

2009-10 Mark Hoyer

2008-09 Harry Gibbons

2007-08 Dick Osgood

2006-07 Ken Wagner

2005-06 Michael Martin

2004-05 Gene Medley

1991-92 Dan Canfield

1990-91 Richard S. McVoy

1989-90 William Norris

1988-89 Matthew Scott

1987-88 Ron L. Raschke

1986-87 Richard Wedepohl

1985-86 Wayne Poppe

1984-85 William Funk

1983-84 Eben Chesebrough

1982-83 Bob Johnson

1981-82 Thomas Gordon

1980-81 Dennis Cooke

2003-04 Steve Heiskary

2002-03 Jeff Schloss

2001-02 Steve Souza

2000-01 Steve Colvin

1999-00 Larry Butler

1998-99 Tom Conry

1997-98 Bill Jones

1996-97 Chris Holdren

1995-96 Lisa Conley

1994-95 Ken Reckhow

1993-94 Bruce Wilson

1992-93 Eugene Welch

2015 Saratoga Springs, New York

2014 Tampa, Florida

2013 San Diego, California

2012 Madison, Wisconsin

2011 Spokane, Washington

2010 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

2009 Hartford, Connecticut

2008 Lake Louise, Alberta, Canada

2007 Lake Buena Vista, Florida

2006 Indianapolis, Indiana


2004 Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

2003 Mashantucket, Connecticut

2002 Anchorage, Alaska


2000 Miami, Florida

1999 Reno, Nevada

1998 Banff, Alberta, Canada

1997 Houston, Texas

1996 Minneapolis, Minnesota

1995 Toronto, Ontario, Canada

1994 Orlando, Florida

1993 Seattle, Washington

1992 Cincinnati, Ohio

1991 Denver, Colorado

1990 Springfield, Massachusetts

1989 Austin, Texas

1988 Saint Louis, Missouri

1987 Orlando, Florida

1986 Portland, Oregon

1985 Lake Geneva, Wisconsin

1984 McAffee, New Jersey

1983 Knoxville, Tennessee

1982 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

1981 None Held

1980 Portland, Maine

Presidents

Symposium Locations

North American Lakes: Embracing Their History, Ensuring Their FutureNALMS History Saratoga Springs

2015

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Award RecipientsSecchi Disk AwardBestowed upon the individual member considered to have contributed the most to the achievement of NALMS’ goals.

2014 G. Dennis Cooke

2013 Mark Hoyer

2012 Harry Gibbons

2011 Dick Osgood

2010 Roger Bachmann

2009 Steve Heiskary

2008 Tom Conry

2007 Tom Davenport

2006 Ann St. Amand

2005 Jeff Schloss

2004 Steve Colvin

2003 Ken Wagner

2002 Greg Searle

2001 Chris Holdren

2000 Bill Jones

1999 Jim Flynn

1998 Lisa Conley

1997 Jim Vennie

1996 Bruce Wilson

1995 Dan Canfield

1994 Jay Sauber

1993 Jim LaBounty

1992 Virginia Garrison

1991 Richard Wedepohl

1990 Bob Kirschner

1989 Garth Redfield

1988 Bill Funk

1987 Donna Sefton

1986 Eben Chesebrough

1985 Bob Johnson

Jim Flynn Outstanding Corporation AwardGiven to the corporation considered to have contributed the most to NALMS’ goals.

2014 No award given

2013 No award given

2012 No award given

2011 No award given

2010 No award given

2009 Hach Hydromet

2008 USACOE, Waterways Experiment Station

2007 ENSR Corporation

2006 AW Research

2005 Osgood Consulting

2004 Princeton Hydro, LLC

2003 Sweetwater Technology

2002 No award given

2001 YSI, Inc.

2000 F.X. Browne, Inc.

1999 PhycoTech

1998 Ecosystems Consulting Service

1997 Hydrolab Corporation

1996 Aquarius Systems

1995 TVA

1994 Coastal Environmental Services

1993 ACRT, Inc.

1992 Aquarius Systems

1991 Baystate Environmental Consultants

1990 Judith Taggart & Associates

1989 General Chemical

1988 Aqua Technique

1987 Living Lakes

1986 Hydrolab

1985 Mudcat

Friends of NALMS AwardAwarded to individuals or corporations making major contributions to NALMS. Recipients do not have to be NALMS members, and “contributions” extend beyond monetary donations.

2014 Linda Green

2013 No award given

2012 Doug Knauer

2011 AMEC I&E, Inc. Jody Connor Tom & Elinor Eberhardt

2010 Associate Editors of Lake and Reservoir Management

2009 Marty Kelly

2008 Bev Clark Jim LaBounty

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2007 Florida Lake Management Society

2006 Jeff Schloss & Philip Forsberg

2005 Mary-Arthur Beebe

2004 Cynthia Mahigian Moorhead

2003 New England Water Pollution Control Commission

2002 Will Young, Aquatic Research Instruments

1998 Kelly DiNatale Lawrence Enterprises

1997 US Environmental Protection Agency

1996 State of Minnesota

1995 Jim Vennie

1994 Aquarius Minnesota Pollution Control Agency University of Florida

1993 Kramer, Chin and Mayo Tennessee Valley Authority

1992 Jim LaBounty Vince Williams

1989 William Jones Steven McComas

1988 Sen. Patrick Leahy Sen. D. Durenberger Sen. William Proxmire

1987 Pat Tobin Frank Lapensee

Jim LaBounty Best Paper AwardThis annual award established in 2003 recognizes the best paper published in Lake and Reservoir Management.

2014 Lakeshore and physical habitat structure in a national lakes assessmentPhilip R. Kaufmann, David V. Peck, Steven G. Paulsen, Curt W. Seeliger, Robert M. Hughes, Thomas R. Whittier & Neil C. Kamman

2013 Landscape factors influencing lake phosphorus concentrations across MinnesotaTimothy K. Cross and Peter C. Jacobson

2012 Phosphorus, nitrogen and the designated uses of Florida lakesBachmann, Bigham, Hoyer and Canfield

2011 Variations in the aluminum:phosphorus binding ratio and alum dosage considerations for Half Moon Lake, WisconsinWilliam F. James

2010 Phosphorus reduction by dilution and shift in fish species in Moses Lake, WashingtonGene Welch

2009 Relative influence of lake age and watershed land use on trophic state and water quality of artificial lakes in KansasE. Carney

2008 Monitoring periphyton in lakes experiencing shoreline developmentD. Lambert and A. Cattaneo

2007 Whole-lake herbicide treatments for Eurasian watermilfoil in four Wisconsin lakes: Effects on vegetation and water clarityK.I. Wagner, J. Hauxwell, P.W. Rasmussen, F. Koshere, P. Toshner, K. Aron, D.R. Helsel, S. Toshner, S. Provost, M. Gansberg, J. Masterson and S. Warwick

2006 Determining ecoregional reference conditions for nutrients, Secchi depth and chlorophyll a in Kansas lakes and reservoirsW.K. Dobbs, E. Carney and R.T. Angelo

2005 Long-term changes in iron and phosphorus sedimentation in Vadnais Lake, Minnesota, resulting from ferric chloride addition and hypolimnetic aerationD.R. Engstrom

2004 Artificially induced Planktotrix rubesces surface bloom in a small kettle lake in Southern Ontario compared to blooms world-wideGertrud K. Nürnberg, Bruce D. LaZerte and Daniel D. Olding

2003 For four papers published in LRM Volume 19-2John R. Jones

Technical Merit AwardsThis award may be selected from four categories: Successful Projects, Volunteer Actions, Research Efforts and Public Education/Outreach

2014 Lake Griffin Nutrient Restoration Project (Projects)

Dr. John Little (Research Efforts)

Wabash River Watershed Sampling Blitz (Volunteer Actions)

Clean Lakes Alliance (Public Education & Outreach)

2013 Chicago Botanic Garden (Projects)

Deal Lake Commission (Projects)

Clear Choices Clean Water (Public Education & Outreach)

2012 Paradox Lake and Adirondack Ecologists LLC (Projects)

Lake of the Woods Water Sustainability Foundation (Volunteer Actions)

Extension Volunteer Monitoring Network (Public Education & Outreach)

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2011 Dr. Barry Moore – Washington State University (Projects)

Dr. John (Jack) Jones – University of Missouri (Research)

Ontario Lake Partner Program (Volunteer Actions)

Fairfax County Watershed Plan (Public Education & Outreach)

2010 Wetland & Hydrologic Restoration of the Grand Prairie Site, Flying Eagle Wildlife Management Area, Southwest Florida WMD (Projects)

The Sugar Lake Association, Wright County, Minnesota (Volunteer Actions)

Dana Rizzo & Susan Boser – Pennsylvania State Coop. Extension (Public Education & Outreach)

J. Clark, B. Swistock, T. McCarty & M. Barkley – Penn State Cooperative Extension (Public Education & Outreach)

Dr. Robert Doyle (Public Education & Outreach)

2009 Long Pond, Towns of Brewster & Harwich, Mass. (Projects)

Town of Warrenton, Virginia (Projects)

Jane & Carroll Johnson (Volunteer Actions)

Woodridge Lake Property Owners Association (WLPOA) (Volunteer Actions)

2008 Alberta Lake Management Society (Volunteer Actions)

Bow River Basin Council (Public Education & Outreach)

Dick Lathrop (Reseach)

2007 Doug Larson (Research)

Brian Kotak & Ron Zurawell (Research)

St. Johns Water Management District & Southwest Florida Water Management District (Research)

2006 Cobbossee Watershed District (Public Education & Outreach)

Tennessee Valley Authority Stream, River & Tailwater Assessment (Public Education & Outreach)

2005 LakeSuperiorStreams.org (Public Education & Outreach)

Tennessee Valley Authority Spring Sportfish Survey (Public Education & Outreach)

Lake Hopatcong Commission (LHC) (Public Education & Outreach)

2004 Las Vegas Wash Coordination Committee (Volunteer Actions)

2003 Lake Mohawk Lake Community (Project)

Champlain 2000 (Public Education & Outreach)

Maine Lakes Conservancy Institute (Public Education & Outreach)

Tennessee Valley Clean Marina Initiative (Public Education & Outreach)

Gertrud Nürnberg (Research)

2002 Chocorua Lake Project (Project)

White Meadow Lake Property Owners Association (Volunteer Actions)

Mount Arab Preserve Association (Volunteer Actions)

2001 Bhoj Wetland Project, India (Project)

TVA Clean Marina Initiative (Project)

Third Lake Project – Mark Pfister, Leader (Project)

Hartford Union High School Environmental Club (Volunteer Actions)

Michael Martin (Public Education and Outreach)

2000 Stafford Pond (Project)

Lionel Dallas (Volunteer Actions)

Peter Siver (Research)

Gordon Davis (Public Education and Outreach)

Sidney Post (Public Education and Outreach)

Scott Williams (Public Education and Outreach)

WOW/Lake Access Team at University of Minnesota-Duluth (Public Education and Outreach)

1999 Steve LaMere (Public Education and Outreach)

John Holz (Research)

Madeleine Ducham (Volunteer Actions)

Bass Bay/Big Muskego Lake Management District and Wind Lake Management District (Volunteer Actions)

1998 Robert Korth (Public Education and Outreach)

Pine Lake Restoration Society, Alberta, Canada (Volunteer Actions)

Paul Garrison (Research)

James LaBounty (Research)

1997 Upper Tippecanoe Water Quality Project (Project)

Oster Creek Community (TX) Environmental Action Network (Volunteer)

1996 Lake Shaokatan Restoration

Lake Bemidji Watershed Management Project (Project)

1995 Steve Effler (Research)

Friends of Menotomy Rocks Park (Volunteer)

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1994 Wally Christiansen (Volunteer)

Tom Murphy (Research)

Terry Bovee (Volunteer)

Patricia Chambers (Research)

Interactive Lake Ecology (Project)

Craig Heaton (Volunteer)

1993 Vadnais Lake/Lambert Creek Watershed Improvement Project (Project)

John P. Smol and the Paleoecological Environmental Assessment & Research Laboratory (Research)

John Barko (Research)

Joanna Buehler (Volunteer)

Florida Lake Watch (Project)

1992 Ellie Prepas (Project)

Little Rock Lake, Whole Lake Acidification (Project)

1991 Lake Delavan (Project)

Corps of Engineers WES (Research)

Bruce Wilson (Research)

1990 Robert Munyon (Volunteer)

Newroth/Welch/Peterson/Cooke (Research)

Joe Shapiro (Research)

1989 Lake Summerset (Project)

Lake Morey, VT (Project)

David Sutton (Research)

1988 Ken Reckhow (Research)

Bob Carlson (Research)

Bill Walker (Research)

1987 Lake Jackson, FL (Project)

1985 Lake Geneva, WI (Project)

Jody Connor Student AwardsThese annual awards recognize the best student presentation and best student poster at the Annual Symposium.

2014 Paleolimnological Assessment of Atmospheric Heavy Metal Deposition in Eastern Washington Lakes: Phase 1 – Chemical Analyses of Sediment Cores (Presentation) Andrew Child

Determining Bioavailable Phosphorus in Lake Whatcom (Washington) Stormwater Using Dual Culture Diffusion Apparatus Bioassays (Poster)Jonnel Deacon

2013 Feeding Ecology of a Mixed Cold- and Warm-Water Fish Community Following Hypolimnetic Oxygenation in Mesotrophic Twin Lakes, WA (Presentation) Megan Skinner

Sediment Properties Affecting Methane Storage and Ebullition in Southern California Lakes (Poster)Jacob Shiba

2012 Detection and Quantification of the Cyanotoxin, Microcystin, in Fish Muscle Tissues (Presentation)Ellen Preece

Rapid Response to Control Myriophyllum spicatum in Blackhawk Lake, Wisconsin (Poster)Laura Sefton

2011 Remediation of Eutrophic Lakes: Is Iron Treatment Safe for Aquatic Invertebrates? (Presentation)Lindsey Wilson

The Role of Insects in the Nutrient Budget of Spirit Lake, Mount Saint Helens, Washington (Poster)Katie Royer

2010 The Impact of Alum Based Advanced Nutrient Removal Processes on Phosphorus Bioavailability (Presentation) Bo Li

Integrating Major Factors Influencing Nutrient Concentrations to Set Nutrient Standards in Florida Lakes (Poster)Dana Bigham

2009 Long-term Trophic State Indicator Trends in Florida Lakes (Presentation)Dana Bigham

Veliger Abundance and Distribution in Four Reservoirs of the Colorado River Aqueduct (Poster)Nicole Reid

2008 Macroinvertebrate and Waterfowl Communities of Rotationally Grazed Temporary Prairie Pothole Wetlands (Presentation)Carly Silver

Stable Isotope Analysis Reveals Food Web Shift in Boreal Foothills Lakes Stocked with Trout (Poster)Justin Hanisch

2007 The Use of On-lake Hyperspectral Remote Sensing to Measure Water Quality in New England (USA) Lakes (Presentation) Shane Bradt

Visible/Near-infrared (VNIR) Reflectance Spectroscopy for Field Prediction of Sediment Properties from Lake Okeechobee, Florida (Poster)Justin Vogel

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2006 Paleolimnological Assessment of Lake Geneserath, Beaver Island, Charlevoix County, Michigan Using Fossil Diatom Assemblage, Total Phosphorus and Chlorophyll (Presentation)Jane Schild

The Development of a Remote Sensing Technique for Measuring Lake Water Quality in New England (USA) (Poster)Shane Bradt

2005 Epilimnetic Bacterioplankton Communities Exhibit Interannual Patterns of Composition and Succession in a Eutrophic Lake (Presentation)Ashley Shade

Estimating Sediment and Nutrient Loads in Three Western Lake Superior Streams: Continuous Turbidity Monitoring Versus Spot Sampling and Modeling (Poster)Elaine Ruzycki

2004 Productivity and Growth Rates of Egeria densa in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Presentation)Toni Pennington

Laboratory Investigation of Aluminum Solubility and Solid-Phase Properties Following Alum Treatments (Poster) Jacob Berkowitz

2003 Ecology of Lake Griffin, a Hypereutrophic Cyanobacteria-Dominated Lake in Central Florida (Presentation) J. Frost

Trophic State and Plankton Nutrition Along a Terrestrial Dominant Gradient in New England Lakes (Presentation) Jay Lennon

Defining Reference Conditions for Measuring the Effects of Shoreline Development in Lakes in Maine (Poster) Kristen Ness

Certified Lake Manager/Professional ProgramThe Certified Lake Manager/Professional (CLM/CLP) program has been established to aid in NALMS’ mission of gaining a better understanding of lakes, ponds, reservoirs, impoundments and their watersheds, through the identification of individuals who have exceptional training and experience in lake management. A lake manager is a person who is directly involved in the comprehensive management of ponds, lakes, reservoirs or other bodies of water and their watersheds and makes decisions that affect the quality and uses of the body of water. This person will be primarily responsible for implementing appropriate measures and/or for making recommendations to the governing management body. A CLM/CLP is an individual who has satisfied the NALMS requirements intended to properly prepare that person to perform the above duties with maximum competence. CLMs/CLPs establish themselves as both knowledgeable and experienced professionals by meeting the requirements. For additional information on the CLM/CLP program, stop by the NALMS booth during exhibit hours, or contact:

NALMS CLM/CLP Program PO Box 5443 Madison, WI 53705-0443 USA

CLMs/CLPs must obtain a Continuing Education Form at the NALMS Registration Desk to document attendance at technical sessions and workshops. The session moderator or workshop instructor must sign the forms to verify attendance. A total of ten (10) hours will result in one Continuing Education Unit (CEU).

Come learn more about the CLM/CLP Program at a special luncheon get-together on Thursday, November 19. See Thursday’s schedule for details.

2002 Phenology and Impacts of Egeria densa in a Drinking Water Reservoir (Presentation)Toni Pennington

Growth of Indicator Bacteria in Surface Waters (Poster) Kristal Davis

A Study of Bacterial Contamination in Ponds and Rivers in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina (High School Poster) R. Cromer

2001 Atmospheric Deposition of Phosphorus to Lake Tahoe (Presentation) Marie Liu

Students can Protect Lakes through Political Influence and Communications (High School Presentation)

Lake Classification in the Sand Hills Region of Nebraska (Poster)Aris Severn

2000 Potential Biological Removal Mechanisms of Pathogens in Constructed Wetlands (Presentation)Elena F. Proakis

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Name Badges & Event TicketsFor most events and functions at the symposium, your name badge is your only ticket. Wear it to all activities during the Symposium. All individuals participating in Symposium events or activities must be registered and have a name badge.

Poster Session Set UpAll Posters will be on display from Wednesday morning through lunch on Friday. If you are presenting a poster, please make sure that your poster is set-up on Tuesday, November 17, between the hours of 11:00 am and 4:30 pm. The Poster Display Area will be located in the City Center Main Hall.

Message BoardDo you have a job listing you’d like to post? Are you looking to pass along other information (no advertising)? Post it on our message board located near the registration desk.

HospitalityThe NALMS Hospitality Room is open Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday nights (check daily schedules for times) and is located in the Highrock Room. Relax with your NALMS friends, new and old.

Special Opportunities for StudentsWe have a number of events and opportunities specifically for students attending the conference:

Student Luncheon Wednesday, November 18 12:00 pm – 1:30 pm

Come enjoy a casual lunch, meet other students, and hear about what NALMS has to offer students like you! Please grab your lunch in the City Center Main Hall and join us for lunch in the Alabama Room.

NALMS Student and New Author Workshop: How to Publish in Lake and Reservoir Management Wednesday, November 18 Alabama Room 1:30 pm – 3:00 pm

Al Sosiak, Editor of the NALMS journal, Lake and Reservoir Management, will provide tips to successfully publish in the Journal. His presentation will be followed by a question and answer period.

Student Presentation Awards

Student presenters are eligible to compete for the Jody Connor Student Awards! Awards will recognize the top two student oral and poster presentations.

Silent AuctionBe sure you stop by the Silent Auction tables, located in the City Center Main Hall, during the conference. Many and varied items will be on display for your bid. All proceeds go to the Eberhardt Memorial Student Fund which provides support to NALMS’ Student members. Not only does the money raised go for a good cause, you won’t want to miss the exciting and unique items awaiting your bid. Bidding begins on Wednesday morning and ends at 3:30 pm on Thursday. Winners may pay for and pick up their items at the registration desk on Friday until 1:30 pm.

Photo ContestHelp pick the covers for upcoming issues of LakeLine Magazine! The 2015 NALMS Photo Contest entrants will be displayed near the registration desk. Cast your vote for your favorite photos. Winning entries may appear in your mailbox in the near future!

North American Lakes: Embracing Their History, Ensuring Their FutureGeneral Conference Information Saratoga Springs

2015

NALMS 2016B a n ff • C a n a d a

Join Us Next Year!

November 1 – 4, 2016

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Registration

Hours:

Tuesday, November 17 7:00 am – 5:30 pm

Wednesday, November 18 7:00 am – 5:30 pm

Thursday, November 19 7:00 am – 3:30 pm

Friday, November 20 7:30 am – 1:30 pm

Meal FunctionsUnless noted otherwise, all meals listed below are provided to all full conference registrants on Wednesday, Thursday & Friday. Daily registrants receive all meals on the day that they are registered for the conference.

* Available to workshop participants only.

Continental Breakfast

*Tuesday, November 17 7:30 am – 8:00 am Broadway 1 & 2Wednesday, November 18 7:00 am – 8:15 am City Center Main HallThursday, November 19 7:00 am – 8:15 am City Center Main HallFriday, November 20 7:30 am – 8:30 am City Center Main Hall

Morning Break

*Tuesday, November 17 10:00 am – 10:30 am Broadway 1 & 2Wednesday, November 18 10:00 am – 10:30 am City Center Main HallThursday, November 19 10:00 am – 10:30 am City Center Main HallFriday, November 20 10:00 am – 10:30 am City Center Main Hall

Lunch

*Tuesday, November 17 12:00 pm – 1:00 pm Broadway 1 & 2Wednesday, November 18 12:00 pm – 1:30 pm City Center Main HallThursday, November 19 12:00 pm – 1:30 pm City Center Main HallFriday, November 20 12:00 pm – 1:30 pm City Center Main Hall

Afternoon Break

*Tuesday, November 17 3:00 pm – 3:30 pm Broadway 1 & 2Wednesday, November 18 3:00 pm – 3:30 pm City Center Main HallThursday, November 19 3:10 pm – 4:00 pm City Center Main Hall

Exhibitors’ Reception and Poster Session

Wednesday, November 18 5:45 pm – 7:00 pm City Center Main Hall

NALMS Awards Reception & Banquet

Tickets are required for this event. Tickets are free with a full conference registration or Thursday-only registration, however, there are a limited number available.

Thursday, November 19 5:00 pm – 7:00 pm Reception at Canfield Casino

7:15 pm – 9:30 pm Saratoga Ballroom

North American Lakes: Embracing Their History, Ensuring Their FutureRegistration and Meal Functions Saratoga Springs

2015

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Abraxis LLC124 Railroad Drive Warminster, PA 18974 215-357-3911 abraxiskits.com

Airmax, Inc.PO Box 38 Romeo, MI 48065 866-424-7629 airmaxeco.com

Alberta Lake Management Society (ALMS)PO Box 4283 Edmonton, AB T6E 4T3 Canada 780-702-2567 alms.ca

Alpha Boats Unlimited, div. of Barber Welding, Inc.2517 State Route 31 Weedsport, NY 13166 315-834-6645 alphaboats.com

Applied Biochemists29791 Oak Meadow Dr. Kingston, IL 60145 800-558-5106 ext 330 appliedbiochemists.com

Aquacleaner Environmental, IncPO Box 8 Lancaster, NY 14086 585-752-7930 aquacleaner.com

Aquarius Systems200 N. Harrison St. PO Box 215 North Prairie, WI 53153 262-392-2162 aquarius-systems.com

Aquatic Analysts, Inc.PO Box 66 Middleville, NJ 07855 973-383-6264 aquaticanalysts.com

BioBase-Navico1229 Tyler St. NE #120 Minneapolis, MN 55413 651-303-5265 navico.com

BioSafe Systems22 Meadow St. East Hartford, CT 06108 888-273-3088 biosafesystems.com

BioSonics, Inc.4027 Leary Way NW Seattle, WA 98107 206-782-2211 biosonicsinc.com

Canadianpond.ca Products Ltd.513, chemin de Knowlton (Route 104) Lac-Brome (Knowlton), QC J0E 1V0 Canada 450-243-0976 canadianpond.ca

EarthTec113 SE 22nd St., Suite 1 Bentonville, AR 72712 800-257-9283 earthsciencelabs.com

Eco Analysts, Inc.1420 S. Blaine St., Suite 14 Moscow, ID 83843 208-882-2588 ecoanalysts.com

Ecosystem Consulting Service, Inc.PO Box 370 Coventry, CT 06238 860-742-0744 ecosystemconsulting.com

Eureka Water Probes2113 Wells Branch Pkwy., Suite 4400 Austin, TX 78728 512-302-4333 waterprobes.com

FTS1065 Henry Eng PlaceVictoria, BC V9B 6B2 Canada 800-548-4264 ftsinc.com

Fluid Imaging Technologies200 Enterprise Dr. Scarborough, ME 04074 207-289-3200 fluidimaging.com

GZA GeoEnvironmental Inc.1350 Main Street, Suite 1400 Springfield, MA 01103 413-726-2100 gza.com

HAB Aquatic Solutions3120 S. 72nd St., Suite 157 Lincoln, NE 68506 402-419-3398 habaquatics.com

Holland Company153 Howland Avenue Adams, MA 01220-1199 800-639-9602 hollandcompany.com

In-Situ221 East Lincoln Ave. Fort Collins, CO 80524 800-446-7488 in-situ.com

Kasco Marine800 Deere Rd. Prescott, WI 54021 715-262-4488 kascomarine.com

Lake Bottom Blanket c/o Derma-Safe LLC32 Juniper Road Wayne, NJ 07470 973 839 6383 lakebottomblanket.com

MyLakeTown.comPO Box 31 Delmar, NY 12054 518-867-6764 mylaketown.com

New York State Federation of Lake Associations (NYSFOLA)PO Box 84 LaFayette, NY 13084 800-796-3652 nysfola.org

North American Lakes: Embracing Their History, Ensuring Their FutureExhibitors Saratoga Springs

2015

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North American Lake Management Society (NALMS)PO Box 5443 Madison, WI 53705-0443 608-233-2836 nalms.org

Northeast Aquatic Plant Management SocietyPO Box 142 Chester, NJ 07930 neapms.org

Nualgi America, Inc.100 E. San Marcos Blvd., Suite 400 San Marcos, CA 92069 nualgiponds.com

OTT Hydromet5600 Lindbergh Drive Loveland, CO 80539 800-949-3766 ott.com

PerkinElmer, Inc.940 Winter St. Waltham , MA 02451 781-663-6900 perkinelmer.com

PhycoTech, Inc.620 Broad St., Suite 100 St. Joseph, MI 49085 269-983-3654 phycotech.com

Platypus, LLC2010 Smallman St. Pittsburgh, PA 15222 412-979-4629 senseplatypus.com

Pond BiologicsPO Box 173 Washington, MI 48094 844-733-3246 pondbiologics.com

Princeton Hydro, LLC1108 Old York Road PO Box 720 Ringoes, NJ 08551 908-237-5660 princetonhydro.com

SePRO Corporation11550 N. Meridian St., Suite 600 Carmel, IN 46032 800-419-7779 sepro.com

Taylor & Francis530 Walnut Street, Suite 850 Philadelphia, PA 19106 215-625-8900 taylorandfrancis.com

Turner Designs845 W Maude Avenue Sunnyvale, CA 94085 877-316-8049 turnerdesigns.com

UPI630 Freedom Business Center, Suite 402 King of Prussia, PA 19406 800-438-6071 upi-usa.com

Vertex Water Features2100 NW 33rd St. Pompano Beach, FL 33069 800-432-4302 vertexwaterfeatures.com

WaterSolve, LLC5031 68th Street SE Caledonia, MI 49316 616-575-8693 gowatersolve.com

YSI, Inc.1725 Brannum Lane Yellow Springs, OH 45387 800-765-4974 www.ysi.com

Zequanox by MBI1540 Drew Ave Davis, CA 95618 530-750-2800 zequanox.com

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Time Event Location7:00 am – 5:30 pm Symposium Registration Lower Lobby

7:30 am – 8:00 am Continental Breakfast – Workshop Participants Only Broadway 1 & 2

8:00 am – 12:00 pm Workshop: Real Time Test Systems for Cyanotoxins (Morning Session) Travers Room Workshop: Zebra and Quagga Mussels – Key Elements of a Prevention, Whitney Room Early Detection, Rapid Response, and Management Plan

8:00 am – 5:00 pm Workshop: Collection, Identification, Ecology and Management of Freshwater Algae Alabama Room Workshop: GIS Applications for Water Resources Professionals Broadway 3 Workshop: Lake and Pond Phosphorus Inactivation and Interception Broadway 4

9:00 am – 5:30 pm Field Trip: Exploring Lake George and Beyond: History Meets Technology Meet at Hotel West Exit (Broadway) at 8:45 am

10:00 am – 10:30 am Refreshment Break – Workshop Participants Only Broadway 1 & 2

11:00 am – 4:30 pm Exhibitor & Poster Display Set-up City Center Main Hall

12:00 pm – 1:00 pm Luncheon – Workshop Participants Only Broadway 1 & 2

1:00 pm – 5:00 pm Workshop: Real Time Test Systems for Cyanotoxins (Afternoon Session) Travers Room

3:00 pm – 3:30 pm Refreshment Break – Workshop Participants Only Broadway 1 & 2

5:00 pm – 6:00 pm NALMS New Member Welcome Reception Highrock Room

6:00 pm – 10:00 pm Welcome to Saratoga Springs Meet and Greet / A Taste of the Spa City Start from Highrock Room / Lower Lobby

North American Lakes: Embracing Their History, Ensuring Their FutureTuesday, November 17 Saratoga Springs

2015

Tuesday, November 17

21

Continental Breakfast – Workshop Participants Only7:30 am – 8:00 am | Broadway 1 & 2

WorkshopReal Time Test Systems for CyanotoxinsMorning Session: 8:00 am – 12:00 pm | Travers Room Afternoon Session: 1:00 pm – 5:00 pm | Travers Room

Most of the harmful algae blooms in lakes throughout the world are due to cyanobacteria which include species that can produce toxins that are broadly called cyanotoxins. There is growing concern about the potential health and environmental effects of toxic blooms as cyanotoxins can cause illness and death of humans plus both domestic and wild animals. Children are at greater risk because of their smaller body size and the way they play in the water. The workshop is intended to provide approaches and examples for response protocols, risk assessment, monitoring programs and management options associated with harmful algae blooms and related cyanotoxins. The morning phase will present both historical background and an overview of rapid test methods and discuss the importance of sample collection, preparation, treatment, storage and transportation. Each participant will have an opportunity to conduct a semi-quantitative microcystins test. The afternoon phase will focus on participants conducting quantitative analysis.

Instructor

Dave Deardorff holds a B.S. in Civil Engineering from Bucknell University and a MBA from the Wharton School. He is a retired Colonel, USA, and is a licensed professional engineer with over forty years’ experience in environmental engineering. He has conducted over 80 installations and trainings of cyanotoxin systems globally for municipal, state and federal agencies.

WorkshopZebra and Quagga Mussels – Key Elements of a Prevention, Early Detection, Rapid Response, and Management Plan8:00 am – 12:00 pm | Whitney Room

Zebra and quagga mussels are the poster children of aquatic invasive species in North America. First discovered in the 1980s in the Great Lakes, they have now spread to hundreds of inland lakes and rivers from coast to coast. Control of these invasive mussels is challenging. Emphasis in the workshop will be placed on a detailed review of the few cases where eradication appears to have been achieved, highlighting the key factors contributing to those successes. Workshop attendees will gain an understanding of the key elements to incorporate into a comprehensive and practical

plan for prevention, early detection, rapid response, and management. Topics discussed will include: 1) morphological characters to distinguish the two species; 2) early detection and rapid response techniques; 3) physical, chemical, and biological control/eradication options; 4) monitoring devices and protocols used to quantify treatment efficacy; 5) equipment decontamination methods used to prevent inadvertently spreading the mussels (in particular their planktonic larvae) to other water bodies on diving gear, plankton nets, etc.

Instructor

Dan Molloy is recognized expert in the biology, ecology, and control of zebra and quagga mussels, with over two decades of lab and field experience working with these mussels both in North America and in their European native range (www.danielpmolloy.com). He is Principle of Molloy & Associates, LLC – specializing in assisting lake associations and others in understanding the biology of zebra and quagga mussels as applicable to credible prevention and control programs.

WorkshopCollection, Identification, Ecology and Management of Freshwater Algae8:00 am – 5:00 pm | Alabama Room

Sponsored by PhycoTech, Inc.

Algae are an important part of a properly functioning natural aquatic system, but when algae become abundant, water uses and habitat are often impaired. Toxicity of algae has become a “hot button” issue, and other water quality implications and aesthetic considerations remain prominent issues. All algae were not created equal, however, and proper collection and identification are essential to selecting a management strategy. This workshop is intended to provide information on how to collect and recognize common genera within major groups of algae, with emphasis on taxonomic detail and identification approaches. Participants are encouraged to bring any algae samples with which they would like identification help. The workshop also covers basic algal ecology and the methods used to control algae, but with only 8 hours, we can only introduce participants to issues and options. The workshop is taught by Drs. Ken Wagner and Ann St. Amand, experienced algal taxonomists and ecologists working in applied fields. Collectively they have many years of experience assessing algal problems, evaluating impacts and causes of algal nuisances, and developing algal management programs.

Instructors

Ann St. Amand holds a Ph.D. in Aquatic Ecology from the University of Notre Dame. She has 28 years of experience identifying and enumerating over 33,000 algal samples from all over North America. Her company, PhycoTech, uses a unique proprietary mounting method, and custom software handling over 34,000 different

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aquatic organisms.

Ken Wagner holds a B.A. from Dartmouth College and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Cornell University. His company, Water Resource Services, actively manages lakes with algae issues and analyzes many samples each year.

WorkshopGIS Applications for Water Resources Professionals8:00 am – 5:00 pm | Broadway 3

This workshop is intended for individuals who have a working knowledge of ArcGIS 10 and are interested in using GIS to explore water resource topics. We will discuss and provide training in a range of water and watershed related analytical techniques, likely including but not limited to:

• GIS data

• finding existing relevant GIS datasets for lakes and watershed management

• Watersheds

• creating/editing polygons to create watershed boundaries

• land use/land cover characterization within a watershed

• Bathymetry

• displaying bathymetric data

• creating bathymetric contour maps from point data

• Areas of interest/concern

• using co-occurrence mapping to create composite data layers

• using participatory GIS approaches to elicit feedback from groups

Instructors

Marie Esten is an environmental scientist with 20 years of experience integrating GIS with environmental resources data though her work in the academic, government and the private sectors. She is currently employed by the New England District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. She has extensive experience integrating GIS with field and modeling data to produce maps and graphics accessible to both the general public and scientific community. Ms. Esten holds a Bachelors of Science in Chemistry from the University of New Hampshire and a Masters of Science in Environmental Studies from the University of Massachusetts Lowell.

Holly Waterfield, CLM is a Research Support Specialist at the Biological Field Station of the State University of New York College at Oneonta. Holly is involved with limnological and watershed monitoring, hydroacoustic surveys for bathymetry and fisheries assessments,

training of graduate and undergraduate students in field, laboratory, and GIS techniques for Lake Assessment and Management.

Shane Bradt is an Extension Professor in Biological Sciences at the University of New Hampshire, as well as an Extension Specialist in Geospatial Technologies for UNH Cooperative Extension. Shane is responsible for coordinating outreach in NH involving GIS, GPS and remote sensing, including the development and teaching of a wide variety of geospatial workshops

WorkshopLake and Pond Phosphorus Inactivation and Interception8:00 am – 5:00 pm | Broadway 4

Sponsored by HAB Aquatic Solutions

Phosphorus management through mitigating excess phosphorus loading to lakes from its watershed may be difficult, expensive and require many years before lake water quality is observed. Inactivation of phosphorus has been one of the most effective lake management tools and may be used to safely, quickly and efficiently eliminate water quality problems. The most effective phosphorus inactivation tool to date is aluminum sulfate (alum), although other precipitants will be discussed. Alum’s use will be presented in the form of planning, design, application, and monitoring. Case studies will be discussed from a lessons learned and potential future use perspective. In addition to discussing partial and whole lake alum applications, alum use to remove phosphorus from the water column, to inactivate sediment phosphorus or intercept phosphorus in stormwater runoff and alum use in ponds and wetlands; other inactivation and water stripping alternatives approaches will also be presented and discussed. Participants will learn about alum technologies and strategies through published literature overviews, case histories and participant interaction. Topics include internal and external phosphorus sources, alum precipitation chemistry, application technologies and strategies, dose determination (inactivation), phosphorus interception, effectiveness, longevity of phosphorus inactivation, and project examples. Techniques for evaluating the timing and magnitude internal and external phosphorus inputs will be reviewed in the context of designing alum application strategies. Differences between thermally stratified versus unstratified (polymictic) lakes will be discussed relative to application strategy. Regulations and permitting will be also be outlined and discussed. Participants will be encouraged to share their experiences during the workshop. Workshop includes a workshop manual with worksheets and a detailed bibliography.

Instructors

Harry Gibbons of Tetra Tech, Inc. is Tt’s Discipline Lead for Lake/Reservoir Management/Restoration and Water Quality Services, AIS and Habitat planning, design


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and implementation activities, he has authored scientific articles, makes frequent presentations on lake management and participated in his first whole lake alum treatment in 1974 and has been actively involved in over 260 alum applications. Dick Osgood of Osgood Consulting LLC has conducted hundreds of diagnostic/modeling evaluations has authored numerous scientific articles, including design and implementation of alum treatments for lakes. Shannon Brattebo is an environmental engineer for Tetra Tech, Inc. in Spokane, Washington. Shannon’s work has focused on lake and reservoir water quality, restoration, and management both in the Pacific Northwest and across the nation. Shannon has been a member of NALMS since 2001 and is a past board member of the Washington Lakes Protection Association. John Holz owns and operates HAB Aquatic Solutions. Dick and Harry are Past Presidents of NALMS.

Field TripExploring Lake George and Beyond: History Meets Technology9:00 am – 5:30 pm | Meet at Hotel West Exit (Broadway) at 8:45 am

Sponsored by Darrin Freshwater Institute, Lake George Association, Saratoga Lake Association, The Fund for Lake George, Town of Lake George and Village of Lake George

Join us for a day-long exploration of the Saratoga, Lake George and Lake Champlain region and its history from the French and Indian War to modern day “smart lake” technology.

We will begin with a short trip to nearby Saratoga Lake where we will learn about local lake management activities and challenges. After a brief stop, we will head to historic Lake George where we will be the guests of Lake George Shoreline Cruises for a lunch outing on the “Queen of American Lakes” (weather and lake conditions permitting). We will learn about the many management activities taking place on Lake George.

Back on land, we will head to Bolton Landing, home of the Darrin Freshwater Institute, where we will tour the Jefferson Project Visualization Center. This historic partnership between the FUND for Lake George, IBM and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute aims to make Lake George a global model for ecosystem understanding and protection. By creating predictive capacities that harness latest science to light the path forward, this model aims to deliver ecological and market benefits that are widely felt, in the U.S. and worldwide.

Equipped with one of the most comprehensive scientific databases for a freshwater lake in the world, Jefferson Project partners are using this information as a springboard to understand and solve the systemic problems now threatening to permanently degrade the Queen of American Lakes. The Project name comes from Thomas

Jefferson’s timeless declaration of Lake George as: “without comparison, the most beautiful water I ever saw” – words that provide both inspiration and destination for this unprecedented endeavor.

From Bolton Landing, we head north along the western shore of Lake George to Fort Ticonderoga which played a prominent role in both the French and Indian War and the American Revolution. We will learn about this historic site, and hear more about efforts to protect historic Lake Champlain. Our trip back to the Saratoga Springs City Center will take us into the southern Champlain Valley.

Refreshment Break – Workshop Participants Only10:00 am – 10:30 am | Broadway 1 & 2

Exhibitor & Poster Display Set-up11:00 am – 4:30 pm | City Center Main Hall

Luncheon – Workshop Participants Only12:00 pm – 1:00 pm | Broadway 1 & 2

Refreshment Break – Workshop Participants Only3:00 pm – 3:30 pm | Broadway 1 & 2

Special EventNALMS New Member Welcome Reception5:00 pm – 6:00 pm | Highrock Room

Are you a new NALMS member? Is this your first NALMS symposium? If so, please join us for a special welcome reception where you will have the opportunity to meet other first-timers, members of the NALMS Board of Directors and the Saratoga Springs Symposium Host Committee. We will then walk from the Saratoga Hilton to the first stop of the Welcome to Saratoga Springs Meet and Greet / A Taste of the Spa City.

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Special EventSaratoga Springs Meet and Greet / A Taste of the Spa City6:00 pm – 10:00 pm | Meet in Highrock Room / Lower Lobby

NALMS and the 2015 Symposium Host Committee welcome attendees to Saratoga Springs with A Taste of the Spa City. This year, our traditional symposium-opening social gathering takes us a short walk from our meeting place at the Saratoga Hilton to several locations in and around the Broadway Historic District in downtown Saratoga Springs. Catch up with friends and colleagues new and old during this casual night on the town.

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7:00 am – 8:30 am Continental Breakfast / Poster Viewing / Exhibits Open City Center Main Hall NALMS Past Presidents Breakfast (Invitation Only) Whitney Room

8:30 am – 10:00 am Opening Plenary Session City Center Meeting Room 2

10:00 am – 10:30 am Refreshment Break / Poster Viewing / Exhibits Open City Center Main Hall

10:30 am – 12:00 pm Session A1: Aquatic Invasive Plant Management 1 City Center Meeting Room 2 Session A2: Numeric Nutrient Criteria Broadway 1 & 2 Session A3: Harmful Algal Blooms/Cyanobacteria 1 Saratoga Ballroom 1 Session A4: Using Models to Achieve Lake Management Goals Saratoga Ballroom 2 Session A5: Watersheds and Wetlands: Restoring Impaired Lakes Saratoga Ballroom 3

12:00 pm – 1:30 pm Lunch / Poster Viewing / Exhibits Open City Center Main Hall NALMS Student Luncheon Alabama Room

1:30 pm – 3:00 pm NALMS Student and New Author Workshop: How to Publish in Alabama Room Lake and Reservoir Management Session B1: Strategies for Managing Eurasian Water Milfoil City Center Meeting Room 2 Session B2: Nutrient Reduction and TMDL Studies Broadway 1 & 2 Session B3: HABS/Cyanobacteria 2 Saratoga Ballroom 1 Session B4: GIS / Remote Sensing Saratoga Ballroom 2 Session B5: The Past is the Key to the Present (and the Future) Saratoga Ballroom 3

3:00 pm – 3:30 pm Refreshment Break / Poster Viewing / Exhibits Open City Center Main Hall

3:30 pm – 5:00 pm Session C1: Aquatic Invasive Plant Management 2 City Center Meeting Room 2 Session C2: Nutrient Management Broadway 1 & 2 Session C3: HABS/Cyanobacteria 3 Saratoga Ballroom 1 Session C4: A Potpourri of Lake Management Issues Saratoga Ballroom 2 Session C5: Phosphorus and Internal Loading Saratoga Ballroom 3

5:00 pm – 5:45 pm NALMS’ Annual Membership Meeting Broadway 1 & 2

5:45 pm – 7:00 pm Exhibitors’ Reception and Poster Session City Center Main Hall

7:00 pm – 9:00 pm Paint Sip Fun Highrock Room Past Presidents Evening Debrief Travers Room

7:30 pm – 11:30 pm Hospitality Highrock Room

North American Lakes: Embracing Their History, Ensuring Their FutureWednesday, November 18 Saratoga Springs

2015

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8:30 am – 10:00 am | City Center Meeting Room 2

Welcome to NALMS’ 35th International SymposiumReed Green President, North American Lake Management Society

Nancy Mueller Saratoga Springs Symposium Host Committee

Plenary SpeakerOpportunities and Challenges – New York’s Lakes – From EPA’s Perspective

Seth AusubelChief for New York Watershed Management, US Environmental Protection Agency, New York, New York

Seth Ausubel received his M.S. in Marine Environmental Sciences from SUNY Stony Brook. In his current capacity at EPA Region 2, he is Chief of the New York Watershed Management Section, in the Clean Water Division, which seeks to assess New York’s waters and evaluate water quality impairments; develop and implement comprehensive management plans for the benefit of water quality and natural resources; and reduce nonpoint sources of pollution. Among other duties, he manages EPA’s programs for restoration of New York’s Great Lakes, Onondaga Lake, Chesapeake Bay, and the Peconic Estuary. In his spare time, he is an avid birder interested in conservation of all aspects of the natural world.

North American Lakes: Embracing Their History, Ensuring Their FutureOpening Plenary Session Saratoga Springs

2015

Continental Breakfast / Poster Viewing / Exhibits Open7:00 am – 8:30 am | City Center Main Hall

Opening Plenary Session (Details above)


Refreshment Break / Poster Viewing / Exhibits Open10:00 am – 10:30 am | City Center Main Hall

Session A1Aquatic Invasive Plant Management 110:30 am – 12:00 pm | City Center Meeting Room 2

Moderator

Chris Mikolajczyk, Princeton Hydro, Ringoes, N.J.

Presentations

Overview of Current Efforts to Manage or Eradicate Invasive Submersed Aquatic Plants in the Northeast US

Mark Heilman

Connecticut’s Invasive Aquatic Plant Program: Who We Are and What We Do

Gregory Bugbee and Jennifer Fanzutti

Millsite Lake: Coping with an Invasion

Luke Gervase

Water Chestnut Control in Central New York’s Three Rivers System: Turning the Corner on Large-Scale Infestations

Russell Nemecek and John DeHollander

Wednesday, November 18

27 Denotes that the lead author is a student.

Session A2Numeric Nutrient Criteria10:30 am – 12:00 pm | Broadway 1 & 2

Moderator

Terry McNabb, Aquatechnex, Bellingham, Wash.

Presentations

Development of Lake-specific Numerical Nutrient Criteria for Water Quality Standards in Fond du Lac Reservation Lakes: Analysis of the Phytoplankton Rapid Assay Results 1998–2012 Compared to Southern Minnesota Lakes

Ann St. Amand, Nancy Schuldt and Elaine Ruzycki

Proposed Nutrient Criteria for the Protection of Surface Waters Used for Drinking Water

Clifford Callinan, John Hassett, James Hyde, Ronald Entringer, Raphael Klake and Greg Boyer

Development of Recreation-based Nutrient Criteria in New York

Scott Kishbaugh

Lake Management Case Study – Tracking the Recovery of Onondaga Lake, New York, in the Context of Phosphorus TMDL Numerical Water Quality Target

Janaki Suryadevara

Session A3Harmful Algal Blooms/Cyanobacteria 110:30 am – 12:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 1

Moderator

Kiyoko Yokota, State University of New York Oneonta Biological Field Station, Cooperstown, N.Y.

Presentations

Using Transects to Understand Cyanobacterial Blooms

John Rueter, Arick Rouhe and Roberta Brunkalla

Alternative States of Cyanobacteria Dominance

Nicole Alfafara and Yangdong Pan

Preventing Cyanobacteria Blooms: The Critical Role of Anoxia and Ferrous Iron

Lewis Molot, Susan Watson, Irena Creed, Shelley McCabe, Mark Verschoor, Ryan Sorichetti, Chris Powe, Jason Venkiteswaran, Charles Trick and Sherry Schiff

Humic-rich Wetland Water Disrupts Buoyancy Control in Aphanizomenon flos-aquae in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon

Arick Rouhe and John Rueter

Session A4Using Models to Achieve Lake Management Goals10:30 am – 12:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 2

Moderator

Carl Nielsen, ESS Group, East Providence, R.I.

Presentations

Environmental Ensemble Modeling as a Tool to Validate Lake Management Water Quality Models

H. Chandler Rowell and Jay A. Bloomfield

Sigma-ZED: A Computationally Efficient Approach to Model Highly Stratified Systems with Applications to Lake Washington, Washington and Tenkiller Lake, Oklahoma

Paul Craig and Janesh Devkota

Variable Sediment Oxygen Flux in Oxygenated Lakes: From Field Observations toward a Comprehensive Model

Kevin Bierlein, John Little, Maryam Rezvani, Scott Socolofsky and Francisco Rueda

Variable Algal Stoichiometry Modeling

Amir Sadeghian, Jeff Hudson, Steven Chapra, Howard Wheater and Karl-Erich Lindenschmidt

Session A5Watersheds and Wetlands: Restoring Impaired Lakes10:30 am – 12:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 3

Moderator

Ken Wagner, Water Resource Services, Wilbraham, Mass.

Presentations

Stability of Lake Sammamish Phosphorus Despite Land Use Changes

Eugene Welch, Debra Bouchard and Harry Gibbons

Watershed Management Challenges for Protecting or Restoring Phosphorus Impaired Lakes

Dick Osgood

Hydrologic Restoration of Sand-Bottomed Lakes: Benefits for Water Recharge, Water Quality and Natural Resources

Dale Jenkins, J.W. Grubbs, Ann Shortelle and Erich Marzolf

Extended Discussion

Lunch / Poster Viewing / Exhibits Open12:00 pm – 1:30 pm | City Center Main Hall

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NALMS Student Luncheon12:00 pm – 1:30 pm | Alabama Room

Come enjoy a casual lunch, meet other students, and hear about what NALMS has to offer students like you! Please grab your lunch in the City Center Main Hall and join us for lunch in Alabama Room.

NALMS Student and New Author WorkshopHow to Publish in Lake and Reservoir Management1:30 pm – 3:00 pm | Alabama Room

Al Sosiak, Editor of the NALMS journal, Lake and Reservoir Management, will provide tips to successfully publish in the Journal. His presentation will be followed by a question and answer period.

Session B1Strategies for Managing Eurasian Water Milfoil1:30 pm – 3:00 pm | City Center Meeting Room 2

Moderator

Mark Heilman, SePRO Corporation, Carmel, Ind.

Presentations

Selective Myriophyllum spicatum Control Programs Being Performed on Four Large New York Lakes Utilizing Fluridone and Triclopyr Herbicides

Chris Doyle, Marc Bellaud and Mark Heilman

Inversion Oxygenation and Bio augmentation Reduces Invasive Eurasian Watermilfoil Growth in Four Michigan Inland Lakes

Jennifer Jermalowicz-Jones

The Influence of Genetic Methods on Watermilfoil Monitoring and Management

Syndell Parks and Ryan Thum

Adaptive Management in the Control of Hybrid (Myriophyllum sibiricum x M. spicatum) and Eurasian Watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum)

Scott Van Egeren, Michelle Nault and John Skogerboe

Session B2Nutrient Reduction and TMDL Studies1:30 pm – 3:00 pm | Broadway 1 & 2

Moderator

Marie Esten, US Army Corps of Engineers, Hudson, Mass.

Presentations

An Evaluation of the Temporal and Spatial Water Quality Database of Lake Hopatcong: Is the Implementation of its TMDL having a Positive Impact on the Lake?

Fred Lubnow and Chris Mikolajczyk

A 300-Year Paleolimnological Record of Trophic State Changes to Inform Nutrient Management of Cayuga Lake (N.Y.)

Tammy Karst-Riddoch, Chandler Rowell, Dörte Köster, Kris Hadley and David Mitchell

Whole-lake Metabolism as a Substitute for Cyanobacterial Growth and Respiration in a Phosphorus Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Model for Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon

Susan Wherry and Tamara Wood

Little Dixie Lake Case Study: A Missouri Reservoir That Turned Turbid, Then Green

Jack Jones and Daniel Obrecht

Session B3HABS/Cyanobacteria 21:30 pm – 3:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 1

Moderator

Todd Tietjen, Southern Nevada Water Authority, Las Vegas, Nev.

Presentations

Eyes on the Green: Use of Volunteer Monitors in a Statewide HABs Program

Scott Kishbaugh, Nancy Mueller, Gina Kehoe, MaryGail Perkins, Katherine Perri and Greg Boyer

Harmful Algae Blooms, Recreational Water, Drinking Water and Illness: It Is Not All about Monitoring for Toxins: An Approach to Dealing with HABs in Recreational Water and Public Drinking Water Systems

James Hyde, Eric Wiegert, Mary Figgatt and Lloyd Wilson

Lots of Green Dots: Results from the New York CSLAP HABs Monitoring Program

Scott Kishbaugh, Greg Boyer, Katherine Perri, MaryGail Perkins, Gina Kehoe and Nancy Mueller



PARE – A Comprehensive Program for Tracking and Quantifying HABs

Stephen Souza, Fred Lubnow, Chris Mikolajczyk and Evan Kwityn

Session B4GIS / Remote Sensing1:30 pm – 3:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 2

Moderator

Holly Waterfield, State University of New York Oneonta Biological Field Station, Cooperstown, N.Y.

Presentations

Exploration of Spatial and Temporal Changes in Trophic Status of Lakes in the Northern Temperate Forest Biome Using Remote Sensing

Aleksey Paltsev and Irena Creed

Landscape Level Estimate of Lands and Waters Impacted by Road Runoff in the Adirondack Park of New York State

Sean Regalado and Dan Kelting

“Computer, Scan the Northeast U.S. for Lakes in Good, Fair and Poor Condition for Lakeshore Disturbance and Lakeshore Habitat Using Imagery and GIS”

Kellie Merrell, Leslie Matthews, Dan Homeier and Phillip Kaufmann

An Innovative Geospatial Approach Using Littoral Treatment Zoning for Aquatic Plant Management in a Large, Multi-Use Lake

Michael Martin and Mark Geise

Session B5The Past is the Key to the Present (and the Future)1:30 pm – 3:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 3

Moderator

Sara Peel, Wabash River Enhancement Corporation, Lafayette, Ind.

Presentations

Lake Wentworth, N.H. How Good Were the Good Old Days?

Don Kretchmer and Lisa Doner

Hypolimnetic Oxygen Depletion in Central New York Lakes: A Natural Phenomenon or a Symptom of Cultural Eutrophication?

David Matthews, Susan O’Donnell and Steven Effler

Dovetailing Lake Monitoring With Paleolimnological Techniques for Effective Lake Management: A Case Study of Three Central Ontario (Canada) Lakes

Brian Ginn and Melissa Moos

Adding Diatom Stratigraphy of a Varved Sediment to Lake Monitoring to Reveal Drivers of Algal Community Change

Dominique Beatrice Maier

Refreshment Break / Poster Viewing / Exhibits Open3:00 pm – 3:30 pm | City Center Main Hall

Session C1Aquatic Invasive Plant Management 23:30 pm – 5:00 pm | City Center Meeting Room 2

Moderator

Matt Ladewig, ESS Group, East Providence, R.I.

Presentations

Distribution of Nitellopsis obtusa in New York, USA

Robin S. Sleith, Amy J. Havens, Robert A. Stewart and Kenneth G. Karol

20 Years in Lake Moraine: Long-term Macrophyte Management in a Nutrient-Rich System

Ben German

Control of Eurasian Watermilfoil and Other Invasive Species By Hand Pulling: Lessons from Center Pond, Massachusetts

Mercedes Gallagher and Ken Wagner

Flowering Rush (Butomus umbellatus) in the Columbia River: Rapid Response and Lessons Learned

Mark Sytsma, Rich Miller, Tim Butler, Damian Walters, Shelly Hanson and Jenifer Parsons

Session C2Nutrient Management3:30 pm – 5:00 pm | Broadway 1 & 2

Moderator

David Rosenthal, City of Norfolk, Va.

Presentations

Nutrient Reduction of Surface Waters: Plant Selection for Floating Treatment Wetlands

Richard Bretz

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Technology Testing Results – Aquatic Filter Barriers to Reduce Nutrient Inflow into Lakes and Ponds

Andrew McCusker, Karen Wilson and Colin Holme

Effective Depth Controls the Nitrate Removal Rates in a Water Supply Reservoir with a High Nitrate Load

Francisco Cubas, David Holbrook, John Novak, Adil Godrej and Thomas Grizzard

Establishing Management Priorities for a North Carolina Blackwater Lake – Realistic Options for Nutrient Reductions

Diane Lauritsen, Larry Cahoon and Nathan Hall

Session C3HABS/Cyanobacteria 33:30 pm – 5:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 1

Moderator

Scott Kishbaugh, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, N.Y.

Presentations

What’s Causing Culver Lake’s Cyanobacteria Conundrum?

Stephen Souza, Chris Mikolajczyk, Michael Hartshorne and Evan Kwityn

Evaluation of Potential Algal Production Increase in Lake Mead due to Increased Sediment Nutrient Release

Ben Martin, Li Ding, Al Preston, Todd Tietjen, Peggy Roefer and John List

Microcystis in Lake Mead: Warm Winter Temperatures Lead to Microcystin Release in the Spring

Todd Tietjen

Cyanotoxin Monitoring and the Potential Effects on Beneficial Uses in Cherry Creek Reservoir, Denver, Colo.

Nathan Jahns and Craig Wolf

Session C4A Potpourri of Lake Management Issues3:30 pm – 5:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 2

Moderator

Steve Lundt, Metro Wastewater Reclamation District, Denver, Colo.

Presentations

Littoral Sediment Accumulation 10 Years after Muck Removal in Lake Tohopekaliga, Florida, USA

Mark Hoyer, Michael Netherland and Dean Jones

Sediment Metals in Some Lakes of the USA and Europe

Kenton Stewart

Yes, it’s True – Water Treatment Residuals Can Help Control Cyanobacteria Blooms

Kraig Schenkelberg

National Community Decentralized Wastewater Demonstration Project at the Skaneateles Lake Watershed for the City of Syracuse, New York

Alfonso Blanco, Eric Murdock and Donna Somboonlakana

Session C5Phosphorus and Internal Loading3:30 pm – 5:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 3

Moderator

Don Kretchmer, DK Water Resource Consulting, Wolfeboro, N.H.

Presentations

A Retrospective Analysis of Phosphorus Efflux from the Profundal Sediments of Onondaga Lake, N.Y.: Regulating Mechanisms and Implications for Recovery

David Matthews and Steven Effler

Contributions of Particulate Inorganic Phosphorus to the Phosphorus Pools of Onondaga Lake and 94 other New York State Lakes

Craig Hurteau, Anthony Prestigiacomo, David Matthews, Steven Effler, Feng Peng, D. Nover, Martin Auer, Scott Kinsbaugh and Nancy Mueller

The Sediment P Bulge: Why is Internal P Loading so Stubbornly Persistent?

William James and Paul Garrison

Determining rates of internal loading from sediment cores: the importance of site selection using Willow Creek Reservoir, Oregon as a case study

Sarah Burnet and Frank Wilhelm

NALMS’ Annual Membership Meeting5:00 pm – 5:45 pm | Broadway 1 & 2

All NALMS members are encouraged to attend and participate in our annual membership meeting.



Special EventExhibitors’ Reception and Poster Session5:45 pm – 7:00 pm | City Center Main Hall

NALMS, the Symposium Host Committee and our exhibitors invite you to join us in kicking off the symposium and welcoming attendees to Saratoga Springs. Take time to relax, view the poster displays and visit with the exhibitors and fellow attendees.

Poster Presentations

A Conceptual GIS-based Model to Assess the Human-induced Eutrophication in a Tropical Reservoir

Iris Amati Martins and Marisa Dantas Bitencourt

Lake of the Woods – From Science to Governance in an International Waterbody: A Multi-Discipline Examination of the Effects of Climate Change in the Ecotone between the Deciduous Forest and Boreal Forest Biomes in Northern Minnesota and Northwestern Ontario

Nolan Baratono, Andrew Paterson, Kathleen Rühland, Mark Edlund, Lee Frelich, Bill Herb, Peter Jacobson, Tana McDaniel, Sarah Malick, Tim Pascoe, Euan Reavie, Mark Seeley and Steve Windels

Utilizing a Diverse Local/Statewide Partnership to Deliver Education to Lake Residents Focused on the Benefits of Natural Shoreline Landscapes to Protect Michigan’s Inland Ecosystems

Bindu Bhakta, Julia Kirkwood, Jim Brueck, Laura Zigmanth, Michele Arquette-Palermo, Kathleen Dougherty, Bethany Perris and Sue Tepatti

Remote Sensing Technique for Monitoring Hydrilla in Fresh Waterbodies

Alfonso Blanco

Benthic Barriers: An Assessment of Effectiveness and Feasibility at Two New York State Parks

Gabriella Cebada Mora, Melissa Smith and Megan Phillips

Removing Bacteria with Mushrooms: Use of Mycofiltration at a Stream in Lake Erie State Park

Gabriella Cebada Mora

Creating a New Knowledge Class to Address the Algal Bloom Crisis: The ABATE Training Program

Irena Creed, Phaedra Henley, Peter Dillon, Lewis Molot, Francis Pick, John Smol and Charles Trick, Dan Walters

Case Study for Cupsaw Lake, Ringwood, New Jersey

Alan Fedeli

Investigation of Trophic Changes in Lake Minnewaska, a Pristine Sky Lake in Ulster County, New York

Aissa Feldmann, Lauren Townley and Karen Terbush

Daily and Longer-Term models for Predicting Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms at Lake Erie and Ohio Inland Lake Waters

Donna Francy, Erin Stelzer, Christopher Ecker, Keith Loftin, Jennifer Graham and Pamela Struffolino

Has Lake Buchanan Crossed a Threshold? Eutrophication in a Hardwater Reservoir

Alan Groeger and David Bass

Developing a Spectral Inference Model to Measure Trends in Cyanobacterial Pigments in Lake Sediments

Kristopher Hadley, Andrew Paterson, Neal Michelutti, Tammy Karst-Riddoch, Sue Watson, Irene Gregory-Eaves, Arthur Zastepa, John Smol and Neil Hutchinson

Changes in Sediment Mobile Phosphorus and Diffusive Flux in Blackhawk Lake after Aluminum Sulfate Treatment

William James, Joseph Bischoff, Brian Beck and Eric Macbeth

Truesdale Lake and its Fight with Eutrophication

Christian Jenne

Monitoring Short Term Variation of Chlorophyll <i>a<i> Concentration and DO in Reservoirs and Streams

Bomchul Kim, Sungmin Jung and Doohee Won

Rushford Lake: An Interesting Case of an Extreme Drawdown

Edward Kwietniewski

Engaging Landowners in Limnology: The Fernan Lake Experience

Trea LaCroix and Frank Wilhelm

Eutrophication Modeling of Lakes with Significant Cyanobacteria Populations

Scott Lowe

Sixberry Lake: Protecting an Oligotrophic Lake from Anthropogenic Eutrophication

Kathleen Marean

Technology Testing Results – Aquatic Filter Barriers to Reduce Nutrient Inflow into Lakes and Ponds

Andrew McCusker, Karen Wilson and Colin Holme

Exploration of Spatial and Temporal Changes in Trophic Status of Lakes in the Northern Temperate Forest Biome Using Remote Sensing

Aleksey Paltsev and Irena Creed

New York State Parks Boat Steward Program

Megan Phillips

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Exploring Thermal Stratification and Mixing of Lake Nipissing Embayments: An Analysis of High Frequency Buoy Data

Megan Prescott, Krystopher Chutko, #Dan Walters#, April Lynda James, Mark Wachowiak, Chris McConnell, Huaxia Yao, Andrew Paterson and James A. Rusak

Managing Eurasian Watermilfoil, Can Pulling Weeds Produce Results?

Alejandro Reyes

Temperature Trends for Lake Erie, Lake Ontario and Canandaigua Lake Based on Records Collected from Water Utility Intakes

Leonard Schantz

Integrating a Phone App into the Northeast Regional Cyanobacteria Monitoring Pilot Project

Hilary Snook, Bryan Milstead, Dan Peckham and Shane Bradt

Mapping areas vulnerable to road salt in the Lake Simcoe watershed

Bill Thompson, Kelin Zhao and Brian Ginn

Wisconsin’s New Healthy Lakes Initiative: Technical Assistance & Funding for Lakeshore Best Practices

Pamela Toshner and Patrick Goggin

“Natural” Variability of Macrophyte Communities in Glacial Lakes: Results from Repeated Whole-Lake Hydroacoustic and Species Surveys

Ray Valley

Adaptive Management in the Control of Hybrid (Myriophyllum sibiricum x M. spicatum) and Eurasian Watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum)

Scott Van Egeren, Michelle Nault and John Skogerboe

Three Lakes, One Management Plan

Maxine Verteramo

Paint Sip Fun7:00 pm – 9:00 pm | Highrock Room

For the 1st time NALMS is hosting a Paint-a-Lake workshop. A canvas to paint, a drink to sip equals a whole lot of fun! Sign up for step by step instruction in painting the NALMS logo. Taught by Maxine Verteramo, PaintSipFun artist, SUNY Oneonta Lake Management M.S student, and Water Resource Services Inc. consultant. A cash bar will be nearby for SIPPING needs! Sign up at the registration desk. Max 20 participants.

Hospitality Reception7:30 pm – 11:30 pm | Highrock Room

Sponsored by Vertex Water Features

™

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7:00 am – 8:30 am Continental Breakfast / Poster Viewing / Exhibits Open City Center Main Hall

8:30 am – 10:00 am Plenary Session City Center Meeting Room 2


10:30 am – 12:00 pm Session D1: Adirondack Issues City Center Meeting Room 2 Session D2: Stopping the Spread of Invasive Species Saratoga Ballroom 1 Session D3: Zebras/Quaggas/Asian Clams 1 Saratoga Ballroom 2 Session D4: Shoreline Restoration 1 Saratoga Ballroom 3 Session D5: Lake of the Woods Special Session Broadway 1 & 2

12:00 pm – 1:30 pm Lunch / Poster Viewing / Exhibits Open City Center Main Hall Certified Lake Manager / Professional Luncheon Alabama Room Special Event: Clean Lakes Classic 5k Run/Walk Meet at Pavillion – North Exit

1:30 pm – 3:00 pm Session E1: Think Globally, Act Locally City Center Meeting Room 2 Session E2: Hydrilla Management Saratoga Ballroom 1 Session E3: Zebras/Quaggas/Asian Clams 2 Saratoga Ballroom 2 Session E4: Shoreline Restoration 2 Saratoga Ballroom 3 Session E5: The “O” in H2O 1 Broadway 1 & 2

3:00 pm – 3:30 pm Refreshment Break / Poster Viewing / Exhibits Open City Center Main Hall

3:30 pm – 5:00 pm Session F1: Voice of Experience City Center Meeting Room 2 Session F2: Phytoplankton Studies Saratoga Ballroom 1 Session F3: Stormwater Studies and Management Saratoga Ballroom 2 Session F4: Water Quality Monitoring Saratoga Ballroom 3 Session F5: The “O” in H2O 2 Broadway 1 & 2

5:00 pm – 7:00 pm Pre-Banquet Reception at Canfield Casino and History Museum Walk or Shuttle to Congress Park

7:15 pm – 9:30 pm NALMS Awards Banquet Saratoga Ballroom

9:30 pm – 12:00 am Hospitality Highrock Room

North American Lakes: Embracing Their History, Ensuring Their FutureThursday, November 19 Saratoga Springs

2015

34

North American Lakes: Embracing Their History, Ensuring Their FuturePlenary Session Saratoga Springs

2015


Plenary SpeakerWater Highway of History: Lake Champlain and its Submerged Cultural Resources

Erick TichnonukDeputy Director, Lake Champlain Maritime Museum, Vergennes, Vermont

Erick has spent thirty years studying and sharing Lake Champlain’s history at the Lake Champlain Maritime Museum. Through his many roles there including underwater archaeologist, education specialist, licensed captain, and museum leader, Erick specializes in engaging the public about Lake Champlain’s vast collection of historic shipwrecks.

Plenary SpeakerA Sketchy History of Lake Management in New York and the Adirondack Park

Scott KishbaughChief of the Lake Monitoring and Assessment Section, Division of Water, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, New York

Scott Kishbaugh has been the Chief of the Lake Monitoring and Assessment Section of the Division of Water for the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation since 2010. He has also been the Director of the New York Citizens Statewide Lake Assessment Program since 1985, and the fledgling DEC HABs program since 2012. He received a B.S. and M.S in Environmental Engineering from Cornell University as a member of Chi Epsilon, the National Civil Engineering Honor Society, and has been a licensed Professional Engineer since 1990. Scott has served on the Board of Directors of the Northeast Aquatic Plant Management Society for several terms, and was also a consultant for the Governor’s Commission on the Adirondacks in the 21st Century and a member of the EPA National Nutrient Team. He is the senior author of both editions of Diet for a Small Lake: A New Yorker’s Guide to Lake Management, and has given numerous presentations on a variety of lake management topics for NALMS, NEAPMS, the New York Federation of Lake Associations, and lake associations throughout the state.

Thursday, November 19


Continental Breakfast / Poster Viewing / Exhibits Open7:00 am – 8:30 am | City Center Main Hall

Plenary Session (Details on previous page)



Session D1Adirondack Issues10:30 am – 12:00 pm | City Center Meeting Room 2

Moderator

Dean Long, New York State Federation of Lake Associations, LaFayette, N.Y.

Presentations

A Preliminary Investigation of Lake George (N.Y.) Mercury

Mark Swinton, Richard Bopp, Jeremy Farrell, Brett D’Arco, Jacob Meyers and Sandra Nierzwicki-Bauer

Lime Application as an Ecosystem Restoration Strategy for Lake Watersheds that are Recovering from Acidification

Douglas Burns, Gregory Lawrence, Daniel Josephson, Charles Driscoll, Karen Riva Murray, Colin Beier and Clifford Kraft

Evaluation of Drawdown for Management of Native Aquatic Macrophytes in an Adirondack Lake

Jenna Leskovec

Sixberry Lake: Protecting an Oligotrophic Lake from Anthropogenic Eutrophication

Kathleen Marean

Session D2Stopping the Spread of Invasive Species10:30 am – 12:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 1

Moderator

Bob Kirschner, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, Ill.

Presentations

Analysis of the First Year of a Strategic AIS Spread Prevention Plan for the Adirondack Park

Meg Modley and Eric Holmlund

Keeping Invasives Out: Mandatory Boat Inspections on Lake George, the Queen of American Lakes

David Wick

Invaders at the Doorstep, Preventing the Spread and Establishment of Invaders into Brant Lake

Alejandro Reyes

New York State’s Updated Aquatic Invasive Species Management Plan

Catherine A. McGlynn

Session D3Zebras/Quaggas/Asian Clams 110:30 am – 12:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 2

Moderator

Dick Osgood, Lake Advocates, Duluth, Minn.

Presentations

Interaction of Zebra Mussels and Water Quality in Lake Minnetonka, Minnesota

Steve McComas and Eric Fieldseth

Zebra Mussel Prevention Campaign: Lake Waco, Texas

Jenna Walker, Tom Conry and Nora Schell

Iodized Table Salt as a Potential Chemical for Zebra Mussel Decontamination

Eric Davis, David Wong and Willard Harman

Combating Dreissenids in Open Water Environments and Water Transport Vectors with a Psuedomonas Based Biopesticide

Megan Weber

Session D4Shoreline Restoration 110:30 am – 12:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 3

Moderator

Albelee Haque, BEN North America, Boxborough, Mass.

Presentations

A Case Study of Callander-Wasi Watershed’s Restore Your Shore Program: Successes, Challenges and Lessons Learned

Sue Buckle, Sue Miller, Melodie Tessier and Dan Walters

Lake Management Planning using the Sensitive Habitat Inventory Mapping Approach in the East Kootenay Region of British Columbia

Heather Leschied, Bruce MacDonald, Peter Holmes, Andrew McLeod and Kenton Andreashuk

36


Wisconsin’s New Healthy Lakes Initiative: Technical Assistance & Funding for Lakeshore Best Practices

Pamela Toshner and Patrick Goggin

Buffers for Blue Lakes – Expanding the Effectiveness of Lake Protection Strategies

Perry Thomas and Judy Davis

Session D5Lake of the Woods Special Session10:30 am – 12:00 pm | Broadway 1 & 2

Moderator

Cameron Deacoff, Halifax Regional Municipality, Halifax, N.S., Canada

Presentations

Lake of the Woods – From Science to Governance in an International Waterbody: An Introduction

Jesse Anderson, Nolan Baratono, Anna DeSellas, Andrew Paterson and Kelli Saunders

Despite Remedial Efforts, This Great Lake is Not Recovering as Expected

Euan Reavie, Mark Edlund, Norman Andresen and Daniel Engstrom

A Historical Phosphorus Budget for Lake of the Woods: Legacy Loads Still Affect the Southern Basin

Mark Edlund, Euan Reavie, Shawn Schottler, Nolan Baratono, Andrew Paterson and Daniel Engstrom

Extended Discussion

Luncheon / Poster Viewing / Exhibits Open12:00 pm – 1:30 pm | City Center Main Hall

Attendees of the Certified Lake Manager / Professional Luncheon should get their buffet lunch in the City Center Main Hall and take it to the Alabama Room.

Special EventClean Lakes Classic 5k Run / Walk12:00 pm – 1:30 am | Runners meet at the Pavilion – North Exit at 11:45 am.

Strap on your running/walking shoes for some fun with your fellow NALMS friends! Our 2015 Clean Lakes Classic 5K Run/Walk starts at mid-day from High Rock Park across the street from the Saratoga Hilton. The 5 kilometer run or walk follows Excelsior Avenue before connecting

with the wooded path of Spring Run Trail. You need not be a runner to participate! All pre-registered participants receive a t-shirt as part of the sign-up fee.

Session E1Think Globally, Act Locally1:30 pm – 3:00 pm | City Center Meeting Room 2

Moderator

Sara Peel, Wabash River Enhancement Corporation, Lafayette, Ind.

Presentations

Floods and/or droughts? Adapting Watershed Management to Buffer the Impacts on U.S. Lakes

Rebecca L. Schneider

Lake Management in a Changing Climate

Nancy Turyk

Lake Observer: A Mobile Application for Crowdsourcing Lake- and Water-Related Data across the Globe

Kathleen C. Weathers, Holly A. Ewing, Kenneth Chiu, Lisa Borre, Benjamin B. Chrobot, John D. Mihalko and Prashant Bansal

Controlling Climate Change Consequences on Catchments through Canopy Cover

Amy Lee Hetherington, Rebecca L. Schneider, Lars G. Rudstam, Mark A. Baran and M. Todd Walter

Session E2Hydrilla Management1:30 pm – 3:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 1

Moderator

Matt Albright, State University of New York Oneonta Biological Field Station, Cooperstown, N.Y.

Presentations

Hydrilla Monitoring Along the Hudson River

Chris Doyle

Initial Documentation and Management of Hydrilla in Harveys Lake, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania

Michael Hartshorne and Fred Lubnow

Status of Monoecious Hydrilla Management Efforts in a Mesotrophic Alpine Lake in Western Maryland

Mark Lewandowski, Lee Karrh and Mark Heilman

Eradication of Monoecious Hydrilla from the Southern End of Cayuga Lake, Ithaca, N.Y.

Robert Johnson



Session E3Zebras/Quaggas/Asian Clams 21:30 pm – 3:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 2

Moderator

Gabriella Cebada Mora, New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, Albany, N.Y.

Presentations

Quantifying the Impacts of a Shift in Benthic Dominance from Zebra to Quagga Mussels

Brian Ginn, Amanda Conway and Raymond Bolton

Lake Havasu Water Quality & Quagga Mussel Monitoring Study

Heidi McMaster, Janet Kirsch, Dana Anat, Jessica Stegmeier and Marc Maynard

Efforts to Use Elevated pH and Benthic Barriers to Eradicate Asian Clams (Corbicula) from Idaho’s Great Lake, Lake Pend Oreille

Frank Wilhelm, Christine Moffitt, Elizabeth Braker, Bob Kibler, Joe Noonan and Tom Woolf

Towards Understanding the Relationship of Corbicula fluminea and Chaetogaster limnaei

Jeremy Farrell, Annabelle Feist, Alex Pezzuoli, Renee Loeffel, David Winkler, Steve Resler and Sandra Nierzwicki-Bauer

Session E4Shoreline Restoration 21:30 pm – 3:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 3

Moderator

Carl Nielsen, ESS Group, East Providence, R.I.

Presentations

Developing and Sustaining a Lakeshore Habitat Restoration Training for Professionals in Wisconsin, USA

Patrick Goggin

The Search for the Holy Grail: Lake Biocriteria Development in Vermont

Kellie Merrell, Leslie Matthews, Perry Thomas, Steve Fiske and Jeremy Deeds

Cumulative Effects of Shoreline Development in Northern Minnesota Lakes

Donna Dustin, Bruce Vondracek, Jennifer Keville and Jessie Schmidt

Utilizing a Diverse Local/Statewide Partnership to Deliver Education to Lake Residents Focused on the Benefits of Natural Shoreline Landscapes to Protect Michigan’s Inland Ecosystems

Bindu Bhakta, Julia Kirkwood, Jim Brueck, Laura Zigmanth, Michele Arquette-Palermo, Kathleen Dougherty, Bethany Perris and Sue Tepatti

Session E5The “O” in H2O 11:30 pm – 3:00 pm | Broadway 1 & 2

Moderator

Fred Lubnow, Princeton Hydro, Ringoes, N.J.

Presentations

Reservoirs as Part of the Water Treatment System: A 20-Year Retrospective of Norfolk, Va. Aeration Systems

William Cumbie, Gary Schafran, David Rosenthal and Edwin Snyder, III

Aeration’s Effect on Algae: A Review of Success and Failures

Patrick Goodwin

Ammonia Oxygen Demand Determination for the Design of an Oxygenation System in a Water Supply Reservoir

Armond Jenkins, Francisco Cubas, Adil Godrej and Thomas Grizzard

Long-term Observations of Lake Oxygenation: From Laboratory, to Pilot, to Third Generation System

Gary Schafran, William Cumbie, David Rosenthal and Edwin Snyder

Refreshment Break / Poster Viewing / Exhibits Open3:00 pm – 3:30 pm | City Center Main Hall

Session F1Voice of Experience3:30 pm – 5:00 pm | City Center Meeting Room 2

Moderator

Ken Wagner, Water Resource Services, Wilbraham, Mass.

Presentations

Voice of Experience – “And to think that I saw it on Mulberry Street” a Neophyte Amongst Limnology Master Scientists

Tom Conry

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Voice of Experience Based on 40 Years in Missouri

Jack Jones

Phase III, Call Me Toby

Dick Osgood

Extended Discussion

Session F2Phytoplankton Studies3:30 pm – 5:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 1

Moderator

Frank Wilhelm, University of Idaho, Moscow, Id.

Presentations

Examination of the Zooplankton Community of Lake George (N.Y.) with Regards to Basin Differences

Alexander Pezzuoli, Jeremy Farrell, Lawrence Eichler, Charles Boylen and Sandra Nierzwicki-Bauer

A Quantitative FlowCAM® Analysis of Diatoms in Otsego Lake, New York, with an Emphasis on Method Implications

Britney Wells and Leslie Hasbargen

Investigating the Relationship of Zooplankton and Land Use in Small Eastern New York Lakes

James Tucci, John Farrell and Brandeis Brown

A Method and Device for Plankton Separation

Nancy Leland, James Haney and William Young

Session F3Stormwater Studies and Management3:30 pm – 5:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 2

Moderator

Chris Doyle, Allied Biological, Hackettstown, N.J.

Presentations

Low-Cost Management of Stormwater Runoff for a Rural Lake Community

Stephen Souza and Amy DeBuck

Save the Rain’s Balanced Green-Gray Approach Pays Dividends for Onondaga County

Matthew Marko, Tom Rhoads and Robert Kukenberger

Determination of Changes in Water Quality, Streambed Sediment, and Benthic Macroinvertebrates as a Result of Stormwater Runoff from Selected Bridges in South Carolina

Celeste Journey, Andral Caldwell, Kevin Conlon and William Falls

Implementation of Equine Facility BMPs within the Kitchell Pond, N.J. Watershed

Stephen Souza, Sally Rubin, Kelly Doyle, Michael Westendorf and David Helmer

Session F4Water Quality Monitoring3:30 pm – 5:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 3

Moderator

Rebecca Schnieder, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.

Presentations

Evaluating 25 Years of Recovery in Upper Saranac Lake, New York

Corey Laxson and Dan Kelting

Evaluation of the Use of Remotely Sensed Data for Operative Monitoring of Water Quality Changes in Off-stream Reservoirs in Southern California

Seyoum Gebremariam, Rich Yates and Ric De Leon

Lake Water Quality Trends in Rhode Island

Elizabeth Herron and Linda Green

Has Lake Buchanan Crossed a Threshold? Eutrophication in a Hardwater Reservoir

Alan Groeger and David Bass

Session F5: The “O” in H2O 23:30 pm – 5:00 pm | Broadway 1 & 2

Moderator

Fred Lubnow, Princeton Hydro, Ringoes, N.J.

Presentations

Using Remotely Deployed Sensors to Support Hypolimnetic Oxygenation System Operation

Paul Gantzer and Ben Cross

In situ Incubation for Sediment Oxygenation Demand: Special Application to Long-term Assessment of Hypolimnetic Oxygenation

Paul Gantzer and Barry Moore

Effects of Side Stream Hypolimnetic Oxygenation on the Hydrodynamics of a Shallow, Eutrophic Reservoir

Chris Chen, Alexandra Gerling, John Little, Chengwang Lei and Cayelan Carey

Aeration Systems for Tampa Bay Water’s C.W. Bill Young Regional Reservoir

Mark Mobley, Bob Kortmann and Paul Gantzer



Special EventNALMS Awards Reception & BanquetPre-Banquet Reception 5:00 pm– 7:00 pm | Canfield Casino and Saratoga History Museum Banquet 7:15 pm – 9:30 pm | Saratoga Ballroom

Reception Sponsored by Northeast Aquatic Research

Join us for a special evening of food, fellowship and recognition. NALMS’ Awards Reception & Banquet is the culmination of the Society’s year. Our evening begins with a reception at the Canfield Casino and Saratoga History Museum, located a short walk from the Saratoga Hilton / Saratoga City Center. The Canfield Casino is one Saratoga Springs’ most treasured landmarks. Opening in 1870, the Saratoga Club House, as it was then known, was a draw for wealthy visitors from around the world, rivaling Monte Carlo. Anti-gambling sentiments forced the casino to close in 1907. The historic building now houses the Saratoga History Museum and is part of Congress Park, which was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1987.

Following the reception, attendees are invited to reconvene at the Saratoga Hilton to enjoy the banquet and the NALMS Awards program. Awards to be presented include Technical Merit Awards, the Jim LaBounty Best Paper Award and Friends of NALMS Awards. The program concludes with our most prestigious award, the Secchi Disk Award. This final honor is bestowed upon a NALMS member who has made extraordinary contributions to the goals and objectives of the Society.

Hospitality Reception9:30 pm – 12:00 am | Highrock Room

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7:30 am – 8:30 am Continental Breakfast / Poster Viewing / Exhibits Open City Center Main Hall

8:30 am – 10:00 am Session G1: Case Studies in Lake Management 1 Broadway 1 & 2 Session G2: Lake Associations and Citizen Stakeholders Broadway 3 & 4 Session G3: Alum/Nutrient Inactivation 1 Saratoga Ballroom 1 Session G4: Tools for the Lake Management Toolbox 1 Saratoga Ballroom 2 Session G5: HABS/Cyanobacteria 4 Saratoga Ballroom 3


10:30 am – 12:00 pm Session H1: Case Studies in Lake Management 2 Broadway 1 & 2 Session H2: Reservoir Management 1 Broadway 3 & 4 Session H3: Alum/Nutrient Inactivation 2 Saratoga Ballroom 1 Session H4: Tools for the Lake Management Toolbox 2 Saratoga Ballroom 2 Session H5: HABS & Cyanobacteria 5 Saratoga Ballroom 3

12:00 pm – 1:30 pm Lunch / Poster Viewing / Exhibits Open City Center Main Hall

1:30 pm – 4:00 pm Exhibitor & Poster Display Tear-down City Center Main Hall

1:30 pm – 3:00 pm Session I1: Public Policy Issues and Experience Broadway 1 & 2 Session I2: Reservoir Management 2 Broadway 3 & 4 Session I3: Volunteer Monitoring/Citizen Science Saratoga Ballroom 1 Session I4: Fish Stories Saratoga Ballroom 2 Session I5: HABS & Cyanobacteria 6 (Drinking Water) Saratoga Ballroom 3

3:00 pm Symposium Closes

North American Lakes: Embracing Their History, Ensuring Their FutureFriday, November 20 Saratoga Springs

2015

Friday, November 20


Continental Breakfast / Poster Viewing / Exhibits Open7:30 am – 8:30 am| City Center Main Hall

Session G1Case Studies in Lake Management 18:30 am – 10:00 am | Broadway 1 & 2

Moderator

Holly Waterfield, State University of New York Oneonta Biological Field Station, Cooperstown, N.Y.

Presentations

Truesdale Lake and its Fight with Eutrophication

Christian Jenne

Movement Towards an Adaptive Systems Approach to Freshwater Management, and Treatment Results from Jordan Lake, a 14,000 Acre Reservoir

Ken Hudnell, Bob Morgan and Terry McNabb

Waramaug: The First Two Decades

Bob Kortmann

Waramaug: The Second Two Decades

Bob Kortmann

Session G2Lake Associations and Citizen Stakeholders8:30 am – 10:00 am | Broadway 3 & 4

Moderator

George Kelly, New York State Federation of Lake Associations, LaFayette, N.Y.

Presentations

Exploring the Role of a Lake Association in Community Organizing, Communication, Education and Problem Solving

Jim Ninos and Walter Dutcher

Case Study for Cupsaw Lake, Ringwood, New Jersey

Alan Fedeli

Keeping Lakes (Financially) Afloat

Randall Miller

Data Analysis Methods for Lake Science

Keith Williams

Session G3Alum/Nutrient Inactivation 18:30 am – 10:00 am | Saratoga Ballroom 1

Moderator

Dick Osgood, Lake Advocates, Duluth, Minn.

Presentations

Longevity and Effectiveness of Aluminum Addition to Reduce Sediment Phosphorus Release and Restore Lake Water Quality

Brian Huser, Sara Egemose, Harvey Harper, Michael Hupfer, Henning Jensen, Keith Pilgrim, Kasper Reitzel, Emil Rydin and Martyn Futter

Comprehensive Evaluation of an Alum Treated Shallow Lake: From Sediment Chemistry and Dosing, Lake Response, and a Unique Approach to Estimate Longevity

Keith Pilgrim

How to Stop Algae Blooms in an Urban Lake: Fourteen Years of Phosphorus Control in Oswego Lake

Mark Rosenkranz

Effectiveness of Alum in a Hypereutrophic Lake with Substantial Non-point P Input

Shannon Brattebo, Eugene Welch, Harry Gibbons, Gene Williams and Marissa Burghdoff

Session G4Tools for the Lake Management Toolbox 18:30 am – 10:00 am | Saratoga Ballroom 2

Moderator


Presentations

Towards an Operational Detection of Sub-visible (Biological and Anthropogenic) Particles in Water Quality Assessment

Bryant C. Oakes, Erika C. Freeman, Irena F. Creed and Charles G. Trick

Protection of New York’s Lakes by Limiting Corrosion and Biofouling of Ballast Tank Interior Walls

Dean Lundquist, Mark Ricotta, Robert Forsberg and Robert Baier

Investigating the Effect of In-lake Water Circulators on Elevated Chlorophyll a and pH Values in B. Everett Jordan Reservoir, Raleigh N.C.

Katharine DeVilbiss

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Friday, November 20

DOD – The Dynamics of Dredging

Jerry Davis

Session G5HABS/Cyanobacteria 48:30 am – 10:00 am | Saratoga Ballroom 3

Moderator

James Hyde, New York State Department of Health, Albany, N.Y.

Presentations

High Resolution Spatial and Temporal Data to Understand Nutrient Concentrations and Loads that Influence Algal Blooms in a Small Lake: How Much Data Do We Need?

Trea LaCroix and Frank Wilhelm

Increased Fluorescence Sensitivity, Image Analysis, and the Next Generation Instrumentation Offers New Tools for the Lake Managers Battle Against Increasing Harmful Algal Blooms

Michael Cohrs, Michael Leathem and Harry Nelson

Integrating a Phone App into the Northeast Regional Cyanobacteria Monitoring Pilot Project

Hilary Snook, Bryan Milstead, Dan Peckham and Shane Bradt

Dissolved Organic Matter Promotes Cyanobacterial Dominance in Oligotrophic Lakes

Óscar E.Senar and Irena F. Creed


Session H1Case Studies in Lake Management 210:30 am – 12:00 pm | Broadway 1 & 2

Moderator

Steve Souza, Princeton Hydro, Ringoes, N.J.

Presentations

Environmental Assessment of the Waterbodies of the NE Yucatán Peninsula. Case Study: Rural Cenotes near Playa del Carmen, Mexico

Luis Alberto Bravo-Inclan

Physical Drivers of Hypoxia in Meadow Lake in Queens, N.Y.

Janel Chap, Brett Branco and Kathleen McCarthy

New York City Municipal Water and Eutrophication of Prospect Park Lake in Brooklyn, N.Y.

Brett Branco, Detbra Rosales and John Jordan

Summer Stratification Oxygen Profiles for Three New Jersey Lakes (Greenwood, Culvers, White) Demonstrate Impact of Cultural Eutrophication from 1950 – 2014

Edward Kubersky

Session H2Reservoir Management 110:30 am – 12:00 pm | Broadway 3 & 4

Moderator

Michael Martin, Princeton Hydro, South Glastonbury, Conn.

Presentations

Challenges and Opportunities in Managing Emergency Water Storage Reservoirs: The Case of Diamond Valley Lake in Southern California

Seyoum Gebremariam, Ric De Leon and Rich Yates

A Study to Characterize Sediment Phosphorus Content and Anoxic Release Rates in Chatfield Reservoir, Denver Colorado

Craig Wolf and Steve Klein

Methods and Reasons to Adjust Dam Hazard Classification and Compliance Requirements

Gregory Johnson

The Otis Reservoir Dam Rehabilitation Project – Increasing Dam Safety through Operational Improvements

Bryant Furtado, John De Lano and Daniel Nitzsche

Session H3Alum/Nutrient Inactivation 210:30 am – 12:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 1

Moderator

Brian Huser, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden

Presentations

The Economics of Alum Treatments in Urban Lake Management

Eric Macbeth, Joseph Bischoff, Brian Beck and Bryce Cruey

Planning for an Aluminum Sulfate Treatment on Lake Riley, Minn.

Brian Beck, Joe Bischoff, William James and Claire Bleser

Friday, November 20


The Use of Lanthanum Modified Bentonite as a Geo-Engineering Tool – Results and Data from Scientific Literature and Multiple Lake Scale Applications

Karin Finsterle

Al Floc Density Affects Sediment Redox P-based Dosage and Application Strategies in Half Moon Lake, Wisconsin

William James

Session H4Tools for the Lake Management Toolbox 210:30 am – 12:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 2

Moderator

Todd Tietjen, Southern Nevada Water Authority, Las Vegas, Nev.

Presentations

Impacts of Recreational Boating on Water Quality in Lakes

Harvey H. Harper

Rushford Lake: An Interesting Case of an Extreme Drawdown

Edward Kwietniewski

Practical Application of an Unmanned Survey Vessel for Aquatic Habitat Assessment and Mapping

Preston Martin and Eric Munday

Extended Discussion

Session H5HABS & Cyanobacteria 510:30 am – 12:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 3

Moderator

Ted Harris, US Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kans.

Presentations

HAB + Microplastics = ?

Kiyoko Yokota, Cody Hastings, Emily Davidson, Holly Waterfield and Edward Kwietniewski

The History of Toxic Cyanobacteria in Two Temperate Lakes As Revealed Through the Sediment Archive of Microbial DNA

Shinjini Pal, Arthur Zastepa, Zofia Taranu, Irene Gregory-Eaves, Marianne Racine, Alexandre Poulain, Jules Blais and Frances Pick

(Ir)replaceable Molybdenum as a Micronutrient for Growth of a Freshwater Cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosaYan Xu, Kevin J. Erratt, Beatrix Czzikel, Irena F. Creed and Charles Trick

Effect of Urea on Cyanobacterial Growth and Toxicity

Kevin J. Erratt, Irena F. Creed and Charles G. Trick

Luncheon / Poster Viewing / Exhibits Open12:00 pm – 1:30 pm | City Center Main Hall

Session I1Public Policy Issues and Experience1:30 pm – 3:00 pm | Broadway 1 & 2

Moderator

Dean Long, New York State Federation of Lake Associations, LaFayette, N.Y.

Presentations

National Lakes Assessment: An Overview of the Biological, Chemical, Physical and Recreational Condition of Lakes in the Conterminous United States

Amina Pollard

Boat Ownership as a Model for Lake Management

Ken Wagner

A Method for Subwatershed Prioritization: Sebago Lake, Maine, and the Water Quality Index

Paul Hunt, Kate McDonald and Heather True

Extended Discussion

Session I2Reservoir Management 21:30 pm – 3:00 pm | Broadway 3 & 4

Moderator

Robert Johnson, Racine-Johnson Aquatic Ecologists, Ithaca, N.Y.

Presentations

Development of a Monitoring, Management and Treatment Strategy for the Control of Taste & Odor Problems Associated with Blue-Green Algae in a Drinking Water Supply in New Jersey

Fred Lubnow and Keith Cartnick

Characterization of Taste-and-Odor-Producing and -Degrading Bacteria in a Central Indiana Reservoir

Nicolas Clercin

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Friday, November 20

Utilization of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle to Support Taste-and-Odor Assessments in a Drinking-Water Supply Reservoir in South Carolina, 2013 – 2015

Celeste Journey, Matthew Petkewich, Paul Conrads and Jimmy Clark

The Floristic Composition of the Phytoplankton within New Croton Reservoir, New York: Implications for Water Quality Management

Michael Principe

Session I3Volunteer Monitoring/Citizen Science1:30 pm – 3:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 1

Moderator

Nancy Mueller, New York State Federation of Lake Associations, LaFayette, N.Y.

Presentations

What Can Secchi Numbers Really Tell Us?

Carolyn Greenough

Lessons Learned from a Citizen Science Macrophyte Monitoring Program in Alberta, Canada

Bradley Peter and Arin Dyer

Lessons Learned from Monitoring Rhode Island’s Lakes

Elizabeth Herron and Linda Green

What’s the State of Volunteer Water Monitoring Programs?

Linda Green, Elizabeth Herron and Kristine Stepenuck

Session I4Fish Stories1:30 pm – 3:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 2

Moderator


Presentations

Invasive Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Control on Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, Oregon

Linda Beck, Jordan Miller and Dan Craver

Potential Implications of the Restoration of Anadromous Alewife in Lakes

Bjorn Lake

Concentrations of Mercury in New Hampshire Freshwater Fish, 1992 – 2013

David Neils, Kirsten Nelson, Scott Ashley and Walter Henderson

Clarity with the Clear State: Understanding Ecological Relationships of ‘Pristine’ Shallow Lakes

Stephanie Hummel, Shane Bowe, Mark Hanson, Marinus Otte, Josh Sucko and Donna Jacob

Session I5HABS & Cyanobacteria 6 (Drinking Water)1:30 pm – 3:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 3

Moderator

Scott Kishbaugh, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, N.Y.

Presentations

Combined Effects of the Nitrogen to Phosphorus Ratio and Nitrogen Speciation on Three Cyanobacterial Metabolite Concentrations in Eutrophic Reservoirs

Ted D. Harris, Val H. Smith, Jennifer L. Graham, Dedmer B. Van de Waal, Lenore P. Tedesco and Nicolas Clercin

Spatial Assessment of Harmful Algal Blooms in Kansas Reservoirs

Guy Foster and Jennifer Graham

Cyanobacteria and Associated Toxins and Taste-and-Odor Compounds in the Kansas River, Kansas

Jennifer Graham and Guy Foster

From Caruaru to Toledo; Human Health Effects of Harmful Algal Blooms

Gregory Boyer and Rachael Radicello

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Session A1: Aquatic Invasive Plant Management 110:30 am - 12:00 pm | City Center Meeting Room 2

Overview of Current Efforts to Manage or Eradicate Invasive Submersed Aquatic Plants in the Northeast USMark HeilmanSePRO Corporation, Carmel, Ind.

AbstractThe Northeast (NE) United States is well recognized for its abundance and diversity of freshwater aquatic habitats. Many lakes, reservoirs, streams, and other waterbodies in the region have been greatly impacted in the last 50+ years by introductions of submersed invasive plant species such as Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) and water chestnut (Trapa natans). More recently, the monoecious biotype of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) has been introduced to a handful of NE systems posing a new threat to their ecology and uses and a high risk of spread to other aquatic sites. Integrated management of submersed invasive plants in the NE has been highlighted by efforts to conduct sustainable programs with minimal risk to human health and the environment. While these efforts have been influenced by many factors-both technical and sociopolitical in nature, practices continue to evolve in efforts to improve control of target exotic plants and enhance selectivity to non-target vegetation. Relative to use of aquatic herbicides as part of these efforts, permitted uses have ranged from reactive short-term responses to proactive maintenance control and eradication programs. New introductions of monoecious hydrilla and hybridity in watermilfoils have begun to challenge NE management programs and require alternate approaches versus earlier periods without these threats. An overview of recent approaches to submersed invasive plant challenges in the NE will be reviewed including 1) latest efforts to contain and eradicate new hydrilla infestations, 2) new selective approaches to address invasive milfoils, and 3) benefits and challenges of enhancing management intensity for improved long-term outcomes.

Connecticut’s Invasive Aquatic Plant Program: Who We Are and What We DoGregory Bugbee and Jennifer FanzuttiConnecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Conn.

AbstractThe Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station’s Invasive Aquatic Plant Program (CAES IAPP) combines surveillance and research to search for solutions to aquatic plant problems. Plants such as Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum), variable watermilfoil (Myriophyllum heterophyllum), fanwort (Cabomba caroliniana) and curlyleaf pondweed (Potamogeton crispus) are well established and others such as Brazilian waterweed (Egeria densa) and hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) posed to do the same. In 2004, the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station started its Invasive Aquatic Plant Program (IAPP) with federal funding. Since then over 200 water bodies have received complete vegetation surveys. Over 100 plant species have been documented with 14 of them being invasive. Approximately two-thirds of the lakes and ponds contained one or more invasive species. Digitized aquatic vegetation maps, water chemistry and herbarium mounts are uploaded to the CAES IAPP website (www.ct.gov/caes/iapp) for ready access by stakeholders. CAES IAPP has documented the water chemistry preferences of invasive plants and created a predictive model to determine at-risk lakes. In addition, the program performed inspections of pet stores for the sale of banned plants and found pioneer invasions where rapid response efforts prevented further spread. Control methods are also tested such as fall herbicide application to control variable watermilfoil, the use of limnobarriers to protect state listed species and the effectiveness of winter drawdown. These and other accomplishments of CAES will be discussed.

Millsite Lake: Coping with an InvasionLuke GervaseState University of New York Oneonta Biological Field Station, Cooperstown, N.Y.

AbstractMillsite Lake is an oligotrophic lake located in Jefferson County within the town of Theresa, New York. The lake approximately has a 2:1 watershed: lake ratio and supports a diversity of wildlife including birds of prey and multiple salmonid species. The Millsite Lake Property Owners Association (MLPOA) was established in 1973 and currently faces a number of lake management challenges, such as the growth and expansion of Eurasian watermilfoil


North American Lakes: Embracing Their History, Ensuring Their FutureAbstracts Saratoga Springs

2015

46

Abstracts

(Myriophyllum spicatum), unsuitable soils for septic systems, and preserving the current state of the lake. The MLPOA views control of Eurasian watermilfoil as the top priority and has treated the lake with different herbicides such as 2,4-D or Triclopyr-based formulae since 1990, and had an aquatic plant survey completed in the summer of 2000. The MLPOA has decided not to use any herbicides in the summer of 2015. After nearly 15 years of herbicide treatment every summer, a great opportunity presents itself to conduct a plant survey and assess the abundance and location of Eurasian watermilfoil in Millsite Lake compared to the data from the 2000 survey. In order to preserve current quality of Millsite Lake, several different management approaches will be discussed to holistically address the management issues previously listed.

Water Chestnut Control in Central New York’s Three Rivers System: Turning the Corner on Large-Scale InfestationsRussell Nemecek1 and John DeHollander2

1Onondaga County Health Department, Syracuse, N.Y., 2Oswego County Soil and Water Conservation District, Fulton, N.Y.

AbstractFor over a decade, a multifaceted control program has been addressing approximately 300 acres of Water Chestnut (Trapa natans) in the Three Rivers System of Central New York. Treatment combinations from among granulated and topically applied herbicides, high-speed cutting, mechanical harvesting, group hand-pulling, and public education have been used to meet the program’s initial objective of preventing Water Chestnut from further expanding its distribution westward in the Seneca River and east through Oneida Lake. In areas of approximately 1.2 hectares or less of coverage, three to four years of successive control efforts normally reduce plant coverage so only maintenance level hand-pulling is needed. Recently, more widespread success has been achieved in areas of contiguous plant coverage exceeding 5 hectares. Past challenges and explanations for recent successes will be discussed.

Session A2: Numeric Nutrient Criteria10:30 am - 12:00 pm | Broadway 1 & 2

Development of Lake-specific Numerical Nutrient Criteria for Water Quality Standards in Fond du Lac Reservation Lakes: Analysis of the Phytoplankton Rapid Assay Results 1998–2012 Compared to Southern Minnesota LakesAnn St. Amand1, Nancy Schuldt2 and Elaine Ruzycki3

1PhycoTech, Inc., St. Joseph, Mich., 2Fond du Lac Environmental Program, Cloquet, Minn., 3University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, Minn.

AbstractPhytoplankton Rapid Assay (PRA, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency) data collected from 1998 to 2012 was used to assess current biological condition of the Fond du Lac

Reservation (FDL) fish lakes in an effort to substantiate the unique character and higher water quality of the FDL lakes in conjunction with establishing lake-specific nutrient criteria. Two other study sites were included that contained a variety of lakes and productivities. The larger databases allowed for analysis of a total of 47 lakes (1292 algal samples, 2202 water quality samples) to determine if the FDL lakes were stable ecologically with relatively high water quality, as expressed by their algal community, and how they compared to lakes of varying productivity. Both of the other study sites are more highly impacted by human activity, and are in a slightly different ecoregion to the southwest (North Central Hardwood Forest vs. Northern Lakes and Forests for FDL). The lakes clustered into six statistically significant groups which were consolidated into five Lake Groups. The FDL lakes did cluster uniquely within the larger database of 47 lakes (Multidimensional Scaling, Primer e6) along with several of the shallower, colored lakes in the other study sites. The FDL fish lakes all clustered within the highest water quality group (Group 1), consistent with results from a previous nutrient study. A calibration study was also conducted over three sampling dates in 2014 comparing the PRA on FDL fisheries lakes from two independent taxonomists. Relative biovolume from full counts compared well with the PRA data.

Proposed Nutrient Criteria for the Protection of Surface Waters Used for Drinking WaterClifford Callinan1, John Hassett2, James Hyde3, Ronald Entringer4, Raphael Klake5 and Greg Boyer2

1New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, N.Y., 2State University of New York College of Environmental Science & Forestry, Syracuse, N.Y., 3New York State Department of Health, Albany, N.Y., 4New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (retired), Albany, N.Y., 5University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana

AbstractNutrient enrichment of surface waters used for drinking water can lead to adverse effects that range from operational problems within a treatment plant to increases in a number of toxic substances associated with human health related risks inclusive of disinfection by-products (DBPs), cyanotoxins, and arsenic. New York state is developing numeric nutrient criteria (NNC) for the explicit protection of surface source waters by establishing relationships between total phosphorus, algal biomass concentrations, dissolved organic carbon, and trihalomethanes (THMs), and then establishing NNC that target existing regulatory endpoints for THMs. Findings to date from the investigation of both lentic and lotic waters indicate that a mean growing season chlorophyll a threshold of 4-6 µg/l would be protective of public water supply surface waters. The development and implementation of NNC for surface source waters represents an example of source water protection (a central tenet of the multi-barrier approach for the delivery of safe drinking water) as well as an important bridge between the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) and the Clean Waters Act (CWA).

Abstracts


Development of Recreation-based Nutrient Criteria in New YorkScott KishbaughNew York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, N.Y.

AbstractNew York has been engaged in the development of numeric nutrient criteria (NNC) over the last two decades. To address the need to link NNC development to evidence of use impairment, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) is developing NNC based on identifying thresholds associated with support of designated uses. This includes establishing criteria protecting potable water, recreation, and aquatic life uses in ponded and flowing waters. Despite previous efforts to encompass both stressor and response variables within NNC development, NYSDEC plans to establish criteria primacy for response variables. Chlorophyll serves as primary response variable in ponded systems, but is also stressor for other system responses. These “secondary” response variables are basis for NNC development in New York; NYSDEC is establishing open water chlorophyll recreational thresholds associated with (a) poor recreational assessments; (b) unsafe water clarity; (c) production of open water and shoreline algae blooms; and (d) production of unsafe levels of algal toxins.

This presentation outlines the multiple lines of evidence to identify chlorophyll thresholds proposed for adoption as guidance values in New York State. These response thresholds will be the basis for waterbody assessments, but other regulatory tools – permits, water quality based effluent limits, TMDLs – require establishing translators between response variables and regulated nutrient stressors. The process for translating response thresholds to corresponding stressor values, and associated uncertainty, will be discussed. The outline of a proposed implementation matrix linking stressor and response thresholds to a variety of regulatory and management programs to be implemented by NYSDEC will also be briefly discussed.

Lake Management Case Study – Tracking the Recovery of Onondaga Lake, New York, in the Context of Phosphorus TMDL Numerical Water Quality TargetJanaki SuryadevaraOnondaga County Department of Water Environment Protection, Syracuse, N.Y.

AbstractOnondaga Lake is a small urban lake on the northern edge of Syracuse. The lake was subjected to industrial and municipal discharges as well as runoff from agricultural and developed areas for over a century and by 1998, was at the top of state and federal priority lists of impaired waters due to nutrient enrichment, habitat degradation, and mercury contamination. Major infrastructure investments in wastewater collection and treatment, coupled with an innovative focus on managing storm water and remediation

of legacy industrial contamination, have brought about a remarkable recovery of the lake ecosystem. In 1998, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) promulgated a Phase I Phosphorus TMDL for Onondaga Lake focusing primarily on load reductions from the Metropolitan Syracuse Wastewater Treatment Plant. In 2012, EPA approved the final phosphorus TMDL for Onondaga Lake. The final allocation incorporates the use of Green Infrastructure (GI), in combination with other strategies, to meet loading targets and assure that future growth does not increase nonpoint phosphorus loads to Onondaga Lake and threaten the water quality achievement to meet the NYSDEC phosphorus guidance value of 20 µg/L. This guidance value, the TMDL numeric target, was developed to protect recreational uses. The County initiated the “Save the Rain” program to reduce stormwater inflows to the combined sewer system through a combination of gray infrastructure and multiple GI approaches. This presentation highlights the monitoring program underway to evaluate load reductions and efforts to report progress toward ecosystem recovery.

Session A3: Harmful Algal Blooms/Cyanobacteria 110:30 am - 12:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 1

Using Transects to Understand Cyanobacterial BloomsJohn Rueter, Arick Rouhe and Roberta BrunkallaPortland State University, Portland, Oreg.

AbstractThe potential for toxic cyanobacterial blooms is a “game changer.” The impact of blooms is estimated by sampling from stations that were designed to reflect the average lake conditions. This practice may have to be revised to specifically target outbreaks of toxic strains. However, because blooms and outbreaks can be highly variable in time and space different techniques will need to be employed. For example, we used horizontal transects to study the impact of marsh-derived humic-rich water on a cyanobacterial bloom in the lake. Optical-based probes placed in a pumped water bath allowed us to get about 1 meter resolution. The equipment to perform these transects is commonly available, though not as cheap as for surveys of aquatic vegetation. In order to use this data, it will need to be stored in a way that allows easy graphical representations for interpretation. More spatially explicit information about lakes is important for three reasons: 1) it will help address bloom patchiness, 2) it will help us understand the impact of littoral processes on the bloom and 3) it will describe the impact of blooms on shoreline where most human exposure to cyanobacteria takes place.

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Abstracts

Alternative States of Cyanobacteria DominanceNicole Alfafara and Yangdong PanPortland State University, Portland, Oreg.

AbstractHarmful algal blooms (HABs) are an ecological, public health and socio-economic problem threatening the sustainability of freshwater ecosystems. HAB species dominance may be explained by their ability to outcompete co-occurring phytoplankton due to their warmer temperature optima, light adaptive strategies and high nutrient affinity. A solid understanding of HAB dynamics and ecology requires observing the presence, growth and competitive ability of individual HAB species with dynamic physiological properties under a wide range of environmental conditions. The purpose of this research was to determine which factors explain the presence and dominance of common bloom-forming cyanobacteria species in phytoplankton communities within lakes across the United States. Water chemistry and phytoplankton data were collected from over 1000 lakes and were analyzed to determine the primary factors explaining Anabaena, Aphanizomenon and Microcystis presence and dominance. Results are presented in the context of individual cyanobacteria species adaptions (i.e., N-fixation, mobility via gas vesicles), commonly reported mechanisms for HAB development and influence of lake type (morphology and watershed characteristics) on HAB dynamics. Understanding HAB behaviors and responses across diverse and natural environments will allow for the most promising and appropriate management practices to be identified, selected and implemented. HAB management will require a greater understanding of the interacting mechanisms and environmental factors favoring the dominance of individual cyanobacteria species. Associated research is evaluating the current state of HAB management and driving forces behind managerial decisions. Participation in the ongoing survey is highly desired and strongly encouraged.

Preventing Cyanobacteria Blooms: The Critical Role of Anoxia and Ferrous IronLewis Molot1, Susan Watson2, Irena Creed3, Shelley McCabe1, Mark Verschoor1, Ryan Sorichetti3, Chris Powe1, Jason Venkiteswaran4, Charles Trick3 and Sherry Schiff5

1York University, Toronto, Ont., Canada, 2Environment Canada, Burlington, Ont., Canada, 3University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., Canada, 4Wilfred Laurier University, Waterloo, Ont., Canada, 5University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont., Canada

AbstractEmerging evidence links supplies of ferrous iron (Fe2+) from anoxic sediments to cyanobacteria bloom formation (Molot et al. 2014, Freshwater Biology). The cyanobacteria-ferrous model has several critical concepts: (1) Regardless of whether a eutrophic system is nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P)-limited, it is the availability of Fe2+, which is normally vanishingly low in the mixing zone, that regulates the ability of cyanobacteria to compete with their eukaryotic algal competitors because cyanobacteria have

high Fe requirements and cannot transport ferric iron (Fe3+) directly into cells in contrast to eukaryotic algae; (2) Fe2+ diffusing from anoxic sediments (internal loading) is a major Fe source for cyanobacteria, which acquire it by migrating downwards into or adjacent to Fe2+-rich anoxic waters from above; (3) cyanobacteria ‘siderophore’ production during a bloom can limit Fe3+ availability to eukaryotic algae; (4) once light and temperature are suitable for cyanobacteria growth, the timing of bloom onset is regulated by the onset of internal Fe2+ loading which in turn is controlled by the onset of anoxia, reducible Fe content of surface sediments and sulfate reduction rate. Evidence indicates that this model holds across trophic, salinity and acidity gradients. Management implications: (a) blooms can be prevented by maintaining oxidized sediments, (b) urea and ammonia from agriculture and wastewater may promote blooms through microbial conversion of ammonia to nitrate (nitrification) which consumes oxygen, and (c) nitrogen fixation will render N removal to control bloom formation ineffective as along as sediments remain anoxic.

Humic-rich Wetland Water Disrupts Buoyancy Control in Aphanizomenon flos-aquae in Upper Klamath Lake, OregonArick Rouhe and John RueterPortland State University, Portland, Oreg.

AbstractThe ability to regulate floating and sinking is an advantage that allows buoyant taxa of Cyanobacteria to dominate lentic systems. The mechanism involved in controlling buoyancy relies heavily on cellular turgor pressure to induce sinking. Due to cellular processes that effect turgor pressure, changes in extracellular water chemistry can induce cell turgidity, and diminish the ability of buoyant cyanobacteria to control sinking and floating. We conducted a series of experiments on Aphanizomenon flos-aquae rafts from Upper Klamath Lake in Oregon to test the influence of humic-rich water from a local wetland on cellular turgor pressure and buoyancy control. We hypothesized that humic-rich water disrupts buoyancy by increasing internal cell turgor pressure and thus, as the percent of wetland water increased, the ability of the rafts to control buoyancy would decrease. Our experiment consisted mixing Aphanizomenon flos-aquae rafts with varying percentages of humic-rich wetland water for short periods of time (2 h) in small volumes (70 ml) and for longer periods of time (3 d) in large volumes (~50 gallons) in Upper Klamath Lake. Treatment groups were compared using surface raft accumulation and a measurement of cellular turgor pressure. Using these techniques, our research goal is to determine an effective dose of wetland water that will disrupt buoyancy control by Aphanizomenon flos-aquae rafts in Upper Klamath Lake in order to diminish blooms and lower surface accumulation. Our effective dose can then be managed using wetland water input and measured using in-lake transects to map the effective dose throughout the lake.

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Session A4: Using Models to Achieve Lake Management Goals10:30 am - 12:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 2

Environmental Ensemble Modeling as a Tool to Validate Lake Management Water Quality ModelsH. Chandler Rowell and Jay A. BloomfieldNew York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, N.Y.

AbstractManagement models employed to predict future, cleaner water quality conditions can now be validated by comparing hindcast “predictions” of original lake water quality to quantitative, core-based, fossil-inference results. The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation uses this “ensemble” modeling during total maximum daily load (TMDL) assessments. Ensemble modeling can illuminate areas of model inadequacy and lead to improved understanding of a lake’s ecology. Because management water quality models are usually calibrated under polluted conditions, planners can use ensemble modeling to set water quality goals with a better understanding of a lake’s baseline condition, and to improve confidence in their model’s ability to accurately represent restoration scenarios.

Ensemble modeling was applied to Onondaga Lake, Syracuse, N.Y., for phosphorus and hypolimnetic dissolved oxygen, and to acidified Adirondack Mountain lakes for acid neutralizing capacity and pH. Pre-cultural Onondaga Lake was shown to have experienced seasonal hypolimnetic anoxia even under oligotrophic phosphorus levels. Most Adirondack lakes have the potential to eventually recover, but a number appear to have experienced acidic conditions (pH<6) even before the mid-1900s. As part of ensemble modeling, a 3-point strategy for core analysis is recommended as a cost-efficient way to characterize the origin, pollution, and recovery periods of water quality in North American lakes. Ensemble modeling investigations represent some of the most detailed quantitative assessments of historical water quality conducted to date.

Sigma-ZED: A Computationally Efficient Approach to Model Highly Stratified Systems with Applications to Lake Washington, Washington and Tenkiller Lake, OklahomaPaul Craig and Janesh DevkotaDynamic Solutions International LLC, Edmonds, Wash.

AbstractThe Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC), originally developed at Virginia Institute of Marine Science (Hamrick 1996), is a well-known and widely applied three dimensional hydrodynamic model used for many lake and reservoir applications. EFDC uses a sigma coordinate transformation that uses the same number of layers for all cells in the domain. A new vertical layering approach that is computationally efficient (Sigma-ZED) has been developed

and applied to the EFDC model. This new approach allows for more accurate representation of the vertical density structure in water bodies, including thermal stratification in lakes. The new approach is computationally more efficient than a similarly configured sigma stretch grid, thus making models with 20 to 50 layers or more practical for typical projects.

The model has been applied to Lake Washington (Wash.) and Tenkiller Lake (Okla.), which have sharp thermoclines during the summer months. Lake Washington is about 35 km long and 3.2 km wide with an area of 88 km2 and a maximum depth of over 60 meters deep. Tenkiller Reservoir is about 44 km long and 1.5 km wide with an area of 52 km2 and a maximum depth of over 40 meters deep. The results indicate that the vertical variation of temperature and the thermal stratification are more accurately reproduced and provide a significant improvement compared to the standard EFDC sigma coordinate transformation method.

Variable Sediment Oxygen Flux in Oxygenated Lakes: From Field Observations toward a Comprehensive ModelKevin Bierlein1, John Little1, Maryam Rezvani2, Scott Socolofsky2 and Francisco Rueda3

1Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va., 2Texas A&M University, College Station, Tex., 3University of Granada, Granada, Spain

AbstractOxygenating bubble plumes are increasingly used to mitigate hypoxia/anoxia in stratified lakes and reservoirs. Following installation, increases in sediment oxygen flux (JO2) are often observed, and are positively correlated with gas flow rate to the diffuser. Studies show that JO2 is controlled by the thickness of the diffusive boundary layer (DBL) at the sediment-water interface (SWI), which is in turn controlled by near-sediment turbulence. Therefore, JO2 is potentially quite variable, both spatially and temporally.

Near-sediment velocity measurements and oxygen microprofiles across the SWI were collected during two field campaigns on an oxygenated water supply reservoir. These data were used to estimate turbulence dissipation rates and JO2. Field observations show that bubble plume operation can enhance JO2 by decreasing DBL thickness, and by increasing the bulk hypolimnetic oxygen concentration, which increases the concentration gradient across the SWI, driving additional oxygen toward the SWI. Models of interfacial flux were compared to the field measurements to determine which model best predicted the observed JO2. Models based on the integral scale, Batchelor scale, and friction velocity all agree reasonably well with field observations.

These interfacial flux models are incorporated into a coupled 3-D hydrodynamic and bubble plume model, allowing for spatial and temporal variation in simulated JO2. While the simulated JO2 is higher than observed in the field, the model still captures the impact of diffuser operation on JO2. By including a more advanced water

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quality model, agreement between the model and field observations should improve, leading to a comprehensive model for hypolimnetic oxygenation.

Variable Algal Stoichiometry ModelingAmir Sadeghian1,2, Jeff Hudson1,2, Steven Chapra3, Howard Wheater1,2 and Karl-Erich Lindenschmidt1,2

1Global Institute for Water Security, Saskatoon, Sask., Canada, 2University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask., Canada, 3Tufts University, Medford, Mass.

AbstractWater quality modeling is a useful tool to simulate and predict nutrient dynamics as well as the fate and transport of toxic contaminants in freshwaters with the ultimate objective of providing decision support for the protection and enhancement of ambient water quality (Blachford 1988; Riecken 1995). Water quality models, mainly consider fixed ratios for limiting nutrient while in reality algae adjust their uptakes, and there can be multiple nutrient limitation conditions (Flynn 2005). Moreover, Chl:C is also constant during simulations while algae have very dynamic behaviors (Hellweger 2015), and the ratios vary 10-fold based on light and nutrient conditions (Flynn 2005). Improper representations of algal uptake and composition is one of the reasons for moderately good or even poor performance of water quality models (Hellweger 2015; Robson 2014). Another source of error is using fix rates for algae growth, mortality, respiration, excretion, and settling in different years (Wells and Coles 2013).

Lake Diefenbaker is a strategic waterbody in Saskatchewan, Canada, with some potentials for development of algal blooms especially in late summers. Lake Diefenbaker is an excellent example where the measurements show that algae adjust their C:P ratios based on P availability (Dubourg et al. 2015). The objective of this study is to build a water quality model of Lake Diefenbaker by using dynamic limitation approach with the emphasize to extend the model to track changes in the Chl-a:C ratio. This will consider nutrient ratios dependent to the concentration of those nutrients and processes affecting the degree and form of DOM release.

Session A5: Watersheds and Wetlands: Restoring Impaired Lakes10:30 am - 12:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 3

Stability of Lake Sammamish Phosphorus Despite Land Use ChangesEugene Welch1, Debra Bouchard2 and Harry Gibbons1

1Tetra Tech, Inc., Seattle, Wash., 2King County Natural Resources, Seattle, Wash.

AbstractOver forty years of data show that total phosphorus (TP) content has not worsened in the past thirty years despite more than a doubling of developed land and 50% increase in impervious area. Surprisingly, annual whole-lake TP has remained stable at 17-19 µg/L, while conductivity and

alkalinity have increased. Summer chlorophyll has not changed and transparency has even increased. In 1992, future TP was predicted to be 28 µg/L at development build-out without runoff controls (Perkins et al. 1997). Reasons for the apparent stability of TP are: 1) summer hypolimnetic TP has declined by nearly 50% since the 1970s, due to a decline of 60% in internal loading – a long-term response to waste water diversion – otherwise whole-lake TP would be 23 µg/L; 2) water residence time has been slightly longer since the 1970s due to reduced inflow allowing more time for TP settling; 3) stream inflow TP has not increased and inflow SRP has decreased, despite increased stream and lake conductivity; and 4) possible compliance with King County stormwater controls and forest retention instituted in the mid-1990s – 68 % of the Issaquah Creek watershed (64 percent of total) has remained forested (Welch and Bouchard 2014). This record shows that worsening water quality does not necessarily follow increased development if the lake has inherently resistant characteristics and protectionary watershed controls were instituted.

Watershed Management Challenges for Protecting or Restoring Phosphorus Impaired LakesDick OsgoodOsgood Consulting LLC, Duluth, Minn.

AbstractManaging watersheds to control phosphorus inputs to eutrophic or nutrient-impaired lakes is the unquestioned primary management approach, however there are few case studies demonstrating efficacy. To be effective at preserving or improving lake condition, a number of stars must align. The downstream lake must either be unimpaired or if already impaired, must be responsive to nutrient reductions. If either of these conditions exist (which is infrequent), then watershed management must also result in substantial, sustained reductions in phosphorus loads. Here I present three cases that frame these challenges. Deer Lake (Wis.) has successfully reduced phosphorus loads thereby preventing the lake from becoming impaired. The Yahara Chain of Lakes (Wis.) community has tried for nearly 50 years and has yet to reduce phosphorus loads. Orlando (Fla.) lakes have been restored following the re-engineering of watersheds. Lessons and guidance from these cases will be presented.

Hydrologic Restoration of Sand-Bottomed Lakes: Benefits for Water Recharge, Water Quality and Natural ResourcesDale Jenkins1, J.W. Grubbs1, Ann Shortelle2 and Erich Marzolf2

1Suwannee River Water Management District, Live Oak, Fla., 2St. Johns River Water Management District, Palatka, Fla.

AbstractThe Suwannee River Water Management District purchased 31,000 acres of Mallory Swamp in 2002. Mallory Swamp is a source of water for the Middle Suwannee River and Springs Restoration and Aquifer

Abstracts


Recharge Project (Project). The Project was funded in part by a $1.5M grant for springs protection and restoration from the Florida Department of Environmental Protection in December 2013. Associated with this restoration Project are nearly 500 acres of sand bottom ponds and lakes. The Project re-establishes natural drainage along the southeastern margin of Mallory Swamp; thereby optimizing available surface water for lake and wetland rehydration, water storage, and groundwater recharge, which will enhance springs restoration. Groundwater recharge will be optimized by using natural recharge features (such as sand-bottom ponds and lakes) to the greatest extent feasible and passive aquifer recharge wells, where appropriate. Optimizing aquifer recharge is a key component of the Project. Surface-water modeling results and analysis of collected data estimate that up to 10 million gallons per day of surface water that was artificially channeled directly to the Suwannee River may be available for lake restoration and aquifer recharge. As the natural hydrology is re-established, surface water will flow through rehydrated wetlands following precipitation events, eventually reaching the sand-bottom lakes and recharging the aquifer. In addition to the water supply and storage benefits, testing of surface water and groundwater quality for the Project demonstrates water quality improvement as stormwater runoff moves downgradient through the wetlands and the sand-bottom lakes.

Session B1: Strategies for Managing Eurasian Water Milfoil1:30 pm - 3:00 pm | City Center Meeting Room 2

Selective Myriophyllum spicatum Control Programs Being Performed on Four Large New York Lakes Utilizing Fluridone and Triclopyr HerbicidesChris Doyle1, Marc Bellaud2 and Mark Heilman3

1Allied Biological, Hackettstown, N.J., 2Aquatic Control Technology, Sutton, Mass., 3SePRO Corporation, Carmel, Ind.

AbstractNumerous lakes in the Northeast have supported nuisance-level infestations of Myriophyllum spicatum for decades. Over the last 15 years, large-scale control efforts have occurred with fluridone and triclopyr herbicides that have focused on selective control of Myriophyllum spicatum with little or no impact on non-target macrophytes

Data from four New York Lakes – Cazenovia Lake, Lamoka Lake, Waneta Lake and Saratoga Lake – that have been actively managed over the past decade will be evaluated to compare treatment efficacy, impacts to non-target macrophytes and duration of Myriophyllum spicatum control.

Inversion Oxygenation and Bio augmentation Reduces Invasive Eurasian Watermilfoil Growth in Four Michigan Inland LakesJennifer Jermalowicz-JonesRestorative Lake Sciences, Spring Lake, Mich.

AbstractEurasian watermilfoil is a highly invasive aquatic plant that costs millions of dollars annually to control in Michigan lakes alone. Typical management methods have included the use of aquatic herbicides, mechanical removal, biological control, and lake drawdown. Over the past 2-4 years, a series of 4 Michigan inland lakes have implemented this technology for Eurasian watermilfoil reduction among other water quality improvements. Rigorous Point Intercept grid surveys of the treatment areas demonstrate that this technology has significantly reduced Eurasian watermilfoil in four inland lakes located geographically throughout the state. On two of the study lakes, a > 75% reduction in Eurasian Watermilfoil was measured over a two-year evaluation period. Possible mechanisms for these measured reductions in Eurasian watermilfoil were also investigated and included similar sediment characteristics such as sediment porosity and organic and ammonia content among the studied lakes. It is therefore likely that inversion oxygenation technology with bio augmentation interacts with some lake sediments to reduce susceptible species of rooted aquatic vegetation such as Eurasian watermilfoil which may benefit many affected lakes.

The Influence of Genetic Methods on Watermilfoil Monitoring and ManagementSyndell Parks1 and Ryan Thum2

1Grand Valley State University, Muskegon, Mich., 2Montana State University, Bozeman, Mont.

AbstractEurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) is an invasive aquatic plant that is extensively managed with herbicides to mitigate its large economic and ecological impacts in many lakes. Eurasian watermilfoil hybridizes with the ecologically benign and native northern watermilfoil (Myriophyllum sibiricum). Controlled laboratory studies demonstrate that hybrids frequently exhibit faster growth and reduced 2,4-D sensitivity compared to pure Eurasian watermilfoil. However, field data explicitly comparing the relative changes in distribution and abundance of pure versus hybrid watermilfoils undergoing operational management are required to determine whether predictions based on laboratory studies are borne out in natural populations. In this study, we used a point-intercept survey and genetic identifications to quantify the distribution and abundance of hybrid and Eurasian watermilfoil before and after treatment with 2,4-D and triclopyr on a 22,044 acre lake in central Michigan. As expected, the watermilfoil population as a whole decreased in distribution and abundance following herbicide treatment. However, Eurasian watermilfoil experienced a much larger reduction in distribution and abundance compared to

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hybrid watermilfoil. This study provides important field data demonstrating differences in growth and herbicide response for hybrid versus pure Eurasian watermilfoil. Furthermore, our study demonstrates that generically monitoring “watermilfoil” abundance without carefully distinguishing between pure Eurasian and hybrid, can lead to inaccurate perceptions of the efficacy of treatment. We stress the need to carefully monitor and evaluate current treatment options for Eurasian versus hybrid watermilfoil.

Adaptive Management in the Control of Hybrid (Myriophyllum sibiricum x M. spicatum) and Eurasian Watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum)Scott Van Egeren1, Michelle Nault2 and John Skogerboe3

1Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Wis., 2Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Green Bay, Wis., 3Cold Water Environmental, LLC, Lake Elmo, Minn.

AbstractThe Wisconsin DNR has been working with researchers to develop strategies and use patterns to improve control of Eurasian and hybrid (Myriophyllum sibiricum x M. spicatum) watermilfoil (EWM and HWM) while minimizing damage to non-target plant species. While management goals have been met in many cases of EWM treatment, there are still remaining challenges to the management of these invasive plants such as potential herbicide tolerance and high water exchange.

DNR, lake associations and aquatic plant management consultants and manufacturers have been working together to experiment with new management techniques and evaluate the outcomes. Case studies will be used to illustrate adaptive strategies that are being utilized to improve control of HWM and EWM in a number of lakes. The challenges and successes of this experimental adaptive management approach at a statewide scale will be discussed.

Session B2: Nutrient Reduction and TMDL Studies1:30 pm - 3:00 pm | Broadway 1 & 2

An Evaluation of the Temporal and Spatial Water Quality Database of Lake Hopatcong: Is the Implementation of its TMDL having a Positive Impact on the Lake?Fred Lubnow and Chris MikolajczykPrinceton Hydro, LLC, Exton, Pa.

AbstractLake Hopatcong is the largest lake in New Jersey. Given its extremely high economic and ecological value, the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection developed a TMDL for the lake in 2003 for total phosphorus (TP), its primary limiting nutrient. Once the TMDL was approved, Princeton Hydro was hired to develop a municipal-based Restoration Plan, which was completed in 2006. Since

then a wide variety of watershed projects have been implemented to comply with the TMDL. As of the end of 2014, approximately 33% of the TP load targeted for reduction under the TMDL has been removed.

As progress continues on the TMDL, questions have been raised on how the reductions in phosphorus translate to in-lake conditions. This presentation will present an analysis of the Lake Hopatcong water quality database and will include a review of long-term datasets (1991 – 2015) for TP, chlorophyll a and Secchi depth. In addition, an inter-station comparison will be conducted to identify those sections of the lake that exhibit measurable improvements in water quality and those that have either remained the same or declined. These data will be compared to the State’s TP criterion for surface waters of 0.05 mg/L, as well as the TMDL-based, targeted concentration of 0.03 mg/L. The chlorophyll a data will be compared to the targeted ecological endpoints, established under the TMDL, to determine improvements or declines in water quality. Some data will be presented on Princeton Hydro’s new program to predict and manage cyanotoxin-generating, blue-green algal blooms in Lake Hopatcong.

A 300-Year Paleolimnological Record of Trophic State Changes to Inform Nutrient Management of Cayuga Lake (N.Y.)Tammy Karst-Riddoch1, Chandler Rowell2, Dörte Köster1, Kris Hadley1 and David Mitchell31Hutchinson Environmental Sciences Ltd., Kitchener, Ont., Canada, 2New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, N.Y., 3Abt Associates, Inc., Cambridge, Mass.

AbstractThe South End of Cayuga Lake, one of the Finger Lakes in central New York State, has a long history of excessive algal and aquatic plant growth, and has been listed as ‘impaired’ under the US Clean Water Act since 1998. As part of a comprehensive approach to manage nutrient loads, a paleolimnological study was completed to reconstruct changes in trophic state conditions and phosphorus concentrations since pre-settlement times that can be used to validate mechanistic phosphorus loading models for the development of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). Sedimentary diatom assemblages were analyzed in a radioisotope-dated sediment core and phosphorus concentrations were estimated using a diatom-based phosphorus model. Overall, the floristic composition of diatoms and diatom-inferred phosphorus concentrations indicated that the South End of Cayuga Lake was naturally mesotrophic, but gradually became more eutrophic following European settlement reaching maximum productivity in the 1960s to the 1990s. Shifts in diatom communities suggested that lake productivity has been declining since the 1990s coincident with the invasion of zebra mussels, but also with recent efforts to reduce nutrient loads. In addition, the increased abundance of several pennate taxa in the last two decades is consistent with increased thermal stability of the water column and longer growing seasons due to climate change.

Abstracts


Whole-lake Metabolism as a Substitute for Cyanobacterial Growth and Respiration in a Phosphorus Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Model for Upper Klamath Lake, OregonSusan Wherry and Tamara WoodUS Geological Survey, Oregon Water Science Center, Portland, Oreg.

AbstractThe Upper Klamath Lake (UKL) total maximum daily load (TMDL) volume-averaged model for phosphorus was developed to inform the establishment of water quality goals in 2001. Poor water quality conditions that are a direct result of massive annual cyanobacterial blooms, with lakewide average chlorophyll a concentrations reaching 380 ppb, are a threat to the viability of the endangered suckers in the lake, and restoration efforts designed to reduce external nutrient loads in order to reduce the size of annual blooms are part of the recovery plan for the species. These actions are greatly enhanced and supported by a quantitative model that can be used for testing restoration scenarios that play out over many decades. The UKL TMDL model uses a cyanobacterial growth subroutine that employs limitation factors representing spatio-temporally averaged (over 14 days and the entirety of UKL) light, temperature, and nutrients. Error is introduced by calculating limitation factors as spatio-temporal averages in this highly variable system. The model was unable to capture the short-term variability observed in seasonal cyanobacterial bloom cycles, including dramatic mid-season declines. This work improves that aspect of the UKL TMDL model by replacing light-, temperature-, and nutrient-limited growth and respiration rates with whole-lake gross primary production and community respiration terms as predicted by independent meteorological variables and water quality model state variables. The UKL TMDL model run with this updated cyanobacterial subroutine can more accurately capture bloom dynamics, which improves the description of nutrient mass balances and evaluation of the effect of management options.

Little Dixie Lake Case Study: A Missouri Reservoir That Turned Turbid, Then GreenJack Jones and Daniel ObrechtUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, Mo.

AbstractLittle Dixie Lake (Missouri, 83 ha) was built for sport fishing and is managed for that use. Long-term data (1978-2014) suggest this reservoir is eutrophic but trophic state metrics have varied over time. For illustration, total phosphorus averaged 57 µg/L during the study period; early values averaged 30 µg/L, peaking at about 90 µg/L in the mid-1990s, with recent values around 65 µg/L. Hydrology does not account for this temporal pattern. The phosphorus peak coincided with maximum values of mineral turbidity (8 mg/L), minimum ratios of algal chlorophyll per unit of total phosphorus (Chl:TP, about 0.1) and a sharp decline in transparency (0.4 m

Secchi, compared with 1 m in early measurements). Our explanation is light limitation, attributed to turbidity, resulted from the introduction of grass carp for macrophyte control. Carp activity likely increased sediment disturbance and changed in-lake nutrient cycles. Since 2000 mineral turbidity declined by half and chlorophyll values increased by 2.5-fold despite a 30% reduction in phosphorus; these changes coincide with additional lake management efforts. Recent Chl:TP ratios closely match values expected in temperate lakes (0.6). Across the entire dataset the difference between observed Chl:TP ratios and predicted values in temperate lakes were related to mineral turbidity (n=33, r2=0.73) with the ratio of TN:TP entering as a second variable (r2=0.795). Total nitrogen values have more than doubled over the period of record (from <500 to >1000 µg/L) with virtually no change in nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratios.

Session B3: HABS/Cyanobacteria 21:30 pm - 3:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 1

Eyes on the Green: Use of Volunteer Monitors in a Statewide HABs ProgramScott Kishbaugh1, Nancy Mueller2, Gina Kehoe3, MaryGail Perkins3, Katherine Perri4 and Greg Boyer4

1New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, N.Y., 2New York Federation of Lake Associations, Lafayette, N.Y., 3Upstate Freshwater Institute, Syracuse, N.Y., 4State University of New York College of Environmental Sciences and Forestry, Syracuse, N.Y.

AbstractThe New York Citizens Statewide Lake Assessment Program (CSLAP) is a nationally recognized volunteer lake monitoring program that has collected more than 26,000 samples on more than 250 lakes throughout New York State since 1986. Over the last seven years, a harmful algae bloom surveillance, monitoring and reporting program has been established through CSLAP using a unique partnership involving two state agencies, State University of New York College of Environmental Sciences and Forestry (SUNY ESF), New York Federation of Lake Associations, Upstate Freshwater Institute, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and hundreds of trained volunteers. Since 2011, the HAB program has been incorporated into CSLAP for both routine and event-based open water and shoreline sampling through a series of EPA grants awarded to New York State Department of Environmental Conservation in collaboration with SUNY ESF

This presentation will focus on the three major project elements and their relevance for volunteer monitoring programs. These include establishment of surveillance protocols for visual evaluation of bloom conditions, including standardizing methods for characterizing bloom types and extent of blooms; the use of a variety of monitoring and analytical tools for confirming bloom conditions and quantifying cyanobacteria and algal toxin levels within blooms, consistent with New York state and WHO criteria; and public reporting of program

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information and laboratory data through a variety of outreach platforms. This presentation will further discuss the applicability of New York model to other state volunteer monitoring programs, pushback and support received from the volunteer monitors and lake community they serve, and the challenge of sustaining each program element within each monitoring season and within long-term statewide monitoring strategies.

Harmful Algae Blooms, Recreational Water, Drinking Water and Illness: It Is Not All about Monitoring for Toxins: An Approach to Dealing with HABs in Recreational Water and Public Drinking Water SystemsJames Hyde, Eric Wiegert, Mary Figgatt and Lloyd WilsonNew York State Department of Health, Albany, N.Y.

AbstractNew York State has a novel approach to protect the public from harmful algae blooms (HABs) that relies heavily on visual evidence. Many other states also use visual evidence, but health advisories and beach closings are most often based solely on monitored toxin concentrations. In New York beaches are closed based on visual and microscopic determinations a HAB is present and reopened when the bloom has cleared and microcystin is <10 µg/L. Initially this was based on observed blooms movements, changing toxin concentrations, and the costs and lag times associated with monitoring. Also, the literature indicates that swimming in blooms can cause mild to moderate contact irritation, and these symptoms are not caused by the typically measured toxins. Lipopolysaccharides in the cell walls of cyanobacteria or associated heterotrophs are the probable agent(s), and blooms also often harbor pathogens. Furthermore, our passive health surveillance has documented severe irritation, bacterial pneumonia, and wound infections that represent substantial health threats. A similar observational approach is used to make drinking water HAB monitoring decisions that considers bloom density and proximity to intakes, changes in raw water quality, treatment difficulties, and other indications HAB toxins could be present. To date, microcystin has not been found in raw water without other observable changes in water quality. Active surveillance of emergency room data have not been able to detect HAB related illness signals associated with recreational illness outbreaks or drinking water treatment problems. Additional efforts to understand the public health impact of HABs in New York State will be discussed.

Lots of Green Dots: Results from the New York CSLAP HABs Monitoring ProgramScott Kishbaugh1, Greg Boyer2, Katherine Perri2, MaryGail Perkins3, Gina Kehoe3 and Nancy Mueller4

1New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, N.Y., 2State University of New York College of Environmental Sciences and Forestry, Syracuse, N.Y., 3Upstate Freshwater Institute, Syracuse, N.Y., 4New York Federation of Lake Associations, Lafayette, N.Y.

AbstractThe New York Citizens Statewide Lake Assessment Program (CSLAP) is a nationally recognized volunteer lake monitoring program that has collected more than 26,000 samples on more than 250 lakes throughout New York State since 1986. Over the last seven years, a harmful algae bloom surveillance, monitoring and reporting program has been established through CSLAP using a unique partnership involving two state agencies, State University of New York College of Environmental Sciences and Forestry (SUNY ESF), New York Federation of Lake Associations, Upstate Freshwater Institute, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and hundreds of trained volunteers. Since 2011, the HAB program has been incorporated into CSLAP for both routine and event-based open water and shoreline sampling through a series of EPA grants awarded to New York State Department of Environmental Conservation in collaboration with SUNY ESF.

More than 3500 routine open water and shoreline scum samples have been collected through CSLAP and analyzed by SUNY ESF. This dataset provides an opportunity to evaluate spatial and temporal variability from routine and bloom samples against visual triggers used to inform Agency decisions about beach closures, criteria for quantifying blooms and associated risk categories; microscopic assessments, and instantaneous and long-term water chemistry and physical limnology datasets for sampled waterbodies. This presentation will evaluate the use of BGA bloom screening tools as a comparison to more established measures to quantify blooms and evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of using near real time data to inform public notification, outreach and regulatory decisions. Specific intensively sampled waterbodies will be evaluated for characterizing synchronicity between bloom and toxin formation and for seasonal variations in multiple bloom indicators.

PARE – A Comprehensive Program for Tracking and Quantifying HABsStephen Souza, Fred Lubnow, Chris Mikolajczyk and Evan KwitynPrinceton Hydro, LLC, Ringoes, N.J.

AbstractPARE™ (Predict/Analyze/React/Educate) is a comprehensive lake management tool developed for the tracking and quantification of cyanobacteria induced harmful algae blooms (HABs). The Predict and Analyze elements of the program make use of commonly employed water quality metrics such as Secchi depth, Chlorophyll

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a, soluble reactive phosphorus, and algal cell counts and species composition, along with microcystin testing to evaluate the cause, intensity and severity of an algal bloom, and differentiate between microcystin and non-microcystin producing algae blooms. Emphasis is given to the use of quick in-field microcystin testing techniques to ascertain the likelihood of an HAB and accurate lab testing to quantify the severity of the problem. With these data it becomes possible to forecast (Predict) the onset of a problem bloom and implement (React) the correct suite of pro-active measures designed to prevent, lessen or address an HAB. The Educate element of the program is used to support lake community initiatives associated with proper lake management. This includes septic management, fertilizer controls, lake-side buffers for which community support is often lacking. The Educate element is also used to decrease the community’s reliance on copper sulfate by demonstrating the common water quality impairments that arise following such treatments.

This paper introduces not only introduces attendees to PARE but presents data collected at four New Jersey waterbodies ranging from meso-oligotrophic to highly eutrophic. For each lake, 15 consecutive years of statistically analyzed water quality data, in-lake physical data and meteorological variables are presented and discussed relative to HAB producing conditions.

Session B4: GIS / Remote Sensing1:30 pm - 3:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 2

Exploration of Spatial and Temporal Changes in Trophic Status of Lakes in the Northern Temperate Forest Biome Using Remote SensingAleksey Paltsev and Irena CreedWestern University, London, Ont., Canada

AbstractOligotrophic lakes in the temperate forests of eastern North America appear to be experiencing an increase in the frequency and duration of phytoplankton blooms. This has been the focus of numerous public and government reports, resulting in heightened concern on reporting of phytoplankton blooms. There is a vital need for detailed historical survey of numerous lakes, covering large spatial scales (>100 km2) and temporal scales (decades) to determine if public observations are accurate. In this study remote sensing was used to: (1) develop a regression model that relates chlorophyll a (chl-a) as a proxy of lake phytoplankton biomass to Landsat TM and ETM+ optical reflectance; and (2) apply this regression model to estimate chl-a in lakes within the Temperate Forest Biome in Ontario (Canada) over a 28-year period. Reflectance in Landsat band 3 (red) showed the strongest correlation with in situ data explaining 85% of the variance in chl-a (p < 0.001). Application of the regression model revealed a spatial pattern of relatively low chl-a (oligotrophic) in headwater lakes to higher chl-a (eutrophic) in lower reaches of watersheds, and cyclic structured pattern in

the median chl-a with a different range and intensity of fluctuation over the 28-year period. These findings suggest that the recent increase in community-driven reports of phytoplankton blooms is not indicative of an actual increase in phytoplankton blooms in these lakes.

Landscape Level Estimate of Lands and Waters Impacted by Road Runoff in the Adirondack Park of New York StateSean Regalado and Dan KeltingPaul Smith’s College Adirondack Watershed Institute, Paul Smiths, N.Y.

AbstractRoad runoff is understood to be a significant stressor in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, yet the effects of this stressor are poorly understood at large spatial scales. We developed an efficient method for estimating the spatial impact of road runoff on lands and waters over large geographic areas and then applied our methodology to the 2.4 million ha Adirondack Park in New York State. We used TauDEM hydrologic modeling and a series of Esri GIS processes to delineate surface flow downslope of paved roads, illustrating the potential movement of pollutants originating from paved roads through the USGS 10 m DEM topography. We then estimated the land and surface water areas, number of water bodies, and total stream length potentially impacted by road runoff from paved roads. We found that as much as 11 % of land area, 77 % of surface water area, 1/3 of the water bodies, and 52 % of stream length in the Adirondack Park may be impacted by road runoff. The high degree of hydrologic association between paved roads and the lands and waters of this region strongly suggests that the environmental impacts of road runoff should be evaluated along with other regional stressors currently being studied. Being able to estimate the spatial impact of road runoff is important for designing monitoring programs that can explicitly monitor this stressor while also providing opportunities to understand the interaction of multiple environmental stressors.

“Computer, Scan the Northeast U.S. for Lakes in Good, Fair and Poor Condition for Lakeshore Disturbance and Lakeshore Habitat Using Imagery and GIS”Kellie Merrell1, Leslie Matthews1, Dan Homeier1 and Phillip Kaufmann2

1Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation, Montpelier, Vt., 2US Environmental Protection Agency Western Ecology Division, Corvallis, Oreg.

AbstractThe 2007 National Lake Assessment (NLA) found the most widespread stressor to the nation’s lakes is degraded lakeshore habitat. Many states lack information on the condition of their lakeshores and haven’t integrated shoreline habitat assessments into their monitoring programs. Land use and land cover datasets are commonly used to identify where on the biological condition gradient a waterbody falls. These data sets are used to screen for

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reference and to characterize anthropogenic impacts. Yet, lakeshore development often occurs immediately adjacent to lakes and forest located upland of development can cause a 30m pixel with lakeshore development to be classified as forest. Hence, commonly used LULC data sets underestimate human disturbance around a lake. Newly available, free 1m pixel, 4-band NAIP imagery collected between 2012 and 2013 and EPA’s preliminary index scores and PHAB data collected by field crews on the 156 lakes sampled in the NAP ecoregion as part of the 2012 NLA were used to determine if it is possible to use GIS to correctly classify lakes into good, fair or poor condition for the NLA indices of lakeshore habitat and lakeshore disturbance. The authors found that, like in Star Trek, computers can be used to screen a planet but ultimately you still need to beam a crew down to the surface to really find out what is going on. Remote imagery did not accurately assess riparian or littoral habitat structural complexity. However, human observations of imagery showed some promise for correctly classifying lakeshore disturbance.

An Innovative Geospatial Approach Using Littoral Treatment Zoning for Aquatic Plant Management in a Large, Multi-Use LakeMichael Martin1 and Mark Geise2

1Princeton Hydro LLC, South Glastonbury, Conn., 2Chautauqua County Department of Planning and Economic Development, Jamestown, N.Y.

AbstractChautauqua Lake is a 13,000 acre lake with 42 miles of shoreline, located in Chautauqua County, western New York, USA. The lake is the key economic feature in Chautauqua County and serves a diversity of uses, including as a drinking water source for several communities, as well as intensive recreational and fishing activities. Chautauqua Lake is also home to several Rare, Threatened and Endangered species and unique plant communities. The lake has a long history of macrophyte management for excessive native and non-native aquatic plant species. An integrated macrophyte management strategy was developed by examining human use, environmental and aquatic plant factors using GIS analysis to create zones throughout the littoral zone of the lake. Treatment regimes were developed for each of these zones that take into account intensity of use, significant environmental features and distribution and abundance of aquatic plant species. As a result, long-term management can proceed using a best-available/allowable technology approach. The presentation will provide details on the analyses performed and demonstrate the multi-step process used to create the treatment zones. A discussion will also be made regarding selection of the various treatment options and how they serve to protect the lake’s resources while supporting the lake’s varied uses.

Session B5: The Past is the Key to the Present (and the Future)1:30 pm - 3:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 3

Lake Wentworth, N.H. How Good Were the Good Old Days?Don Kretchmer1 and Lisa Doner2

1DK Water Resource Consulting LLC, Wolfeboro, N.H., 2Plymouth State University, Plymouth, N.H.

AbstractIn recent years, there has been renewed interest in reversing an apparent downward trend in water quality in Lake Wentworth as is illustrated by volunteer water quality monitoring data collected over the past 30 years. This has resulted in the preparation of a watershed management plan for the lake. Currently the Lake Wentworth Foundation is implementing this plan which will reduce nutrient inputs to the lake resulting in better water quality.

The recent watershed protection efforts beg the question, what did Lake Wentworth look like 100 years ago, 1,000 years ago or 10,000 years ago? What kind of fish lived in the lake? Who used the lake and for what? What were the water levels? Was the lake as clear as it is now? Were there aquatic plants? The history of Lake Wentworth includes natural phenomenon like glaciation, hurricanes, tornados and forest fires as well as man-made changes due to logging, damming, agriculture, road building, development and lake use. This study recreated the past history of the lake using multiple lines of evidence including historical accounts and photographs, analysis of sediments, old maps and computer simulations. This sheds light on those watershed and lake conditions from the past that might result in water quality similar to what is desired for the future and may help guide future management.

Hypolimnetic Oxygen Depletion in Central New York Lakes: A Natural Phenomenon or a Symptom of Cultural Eutrophication?David Matthews, Susan O’Donnell and Steven EfflerUpstate Freshwater Institute, Syracuse, N.Y.

AbstractDissolved oxygen (DO) is an important resource of lakes and a fundamental indicator of ecosystem health and metabolism. Seasonal depletion of DO from the lower waters of thermally stratified lakes affects a number of important biological and chemical characteristics, including the structure of macroinvertebrate and fish communities, internal loading of phosphorus, and accumulation of reduced chemical species. The rate of hypolimnetic DO depletion has long been recognized as an indicator of primary productivity, and empirical relationships have been developed that correlate DO depletion rates with metrics of trophic state. Oxygen depletion in stratified layers may also be affected by an array of natural factors, including the thickness and temperature of the hypolimnion. The Final New York State 2012 Section 303(d) List of Impaired Waters Requiring

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a TMDL/Other Strategy identified 45 New York State waterbodies that are not meeting water quality standards as a result of hypolimnetic DO depletion during summer stratification. Seven of these waterbodies located in Central New York (Eaton Brook Reservoir, Lake Moraine, Lebanon Reservoir, Little York Lake, Onondaga Lake, Otisco Lake, Tully Lake) were monitored during 2011 and 2012 to support an evaluation of the relative influence of natural versus anthropogenic factors on hypolimnetic DO depletion. Various features of hypolimnetic DO resources were characterized, including the rate of DO depletion and the vertical extent and duration of low DO conditions. Both mechanistic and empirical models were applied to these lakes to gain insights into the relative influences of cultural eutrophication and natural conditions on DO depletion.

Dovetailing Lake Monitoring with Paleolimnological Techniques for Effective Lake Management: A Case Study of Three Central Ontario (Canada) LakesBrian Ginn and Melissa MoosLake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority, Newmarket, Ont., Canada

AbstractEnvironmental management strategies are often hindered by a lack of detailed environmental information on the pre-disturbance condition of an ecosystem and, as such, we are unable to fully quantify the impacts of ecological stressors, account for natural variations in the ecosystem, or determine a science-based sustainable end state for mitigation strategies. Using standard lake monitoring methods, we investigated three lakes in southern Ontario that have been of concern to shoreline and watershed residents. Canal and Mitchell lakes are man-made waterbodies located along the Trent-Severn Waterway system and are of concern due to nutrient inputs and dense aquatic plant growths. Musselman Lake is located in the Greater Toronto Area and residents have expressed concern over nutrient inputs, aquatic plant biomass, and harmful algal blooms. By integrating our lake monitoring assessments with sediment cores and paleolimnological techniques (diatom-based reconstructions and stable isotopes), we were able to put current environmental conditions into a long-term timescale that pre-dated lake monitoring, track historic trends in water column total phosphorus and aquatic plant biomass, determine the timing and amount of environmental change attributable to anthropogenic activities, and propose targets and strategies for restoration to ecologically sustainable states.

Adding Diatom Stratigraphy of a Varved Sediment to Lake Monitoring to Reveal Drivers of Algal Community ChangeDominique Beatrice MaierUmea University, Umea, Sweden

AbstractLake monitoring provides a mechanistic understanding of the three interconnected components temperature change, catchment disturbance and the changed timing and composition of algal growth. In our study we enlarge upon the typically monitored view on the functioning of a lake system by adding the diatom stratigraphy of an annually varved lake sediment. We compare in-lake parameters spanning 15 years of water stratification data, including three full years of bi-weekly water chemistry monitoring, the diatom recordings of 1 decade sequential sediment trap with 40 years of the paleolimnological diatom record of the annually varved lake sediment in boreal Sweden. We also compare the diatom sediment stratigraphy with a catchment study starting in the 1970s and corresponding weather data. The diatom sediment stratigraphy of the two most abundant species Asterionella formosa and Fragilaria delicatissima indicates three periods with a contrasting trend for both species from 1975 until 2014. In the first period Asterionella formosa is almost not abundant spanning one decade (1975 – 1985), reaching elevated abundance with a decreasing trend in period 2 over the following 17 years to be followed by a tripling of Asterionella fromosa remains in the sediment during the third period. The opposite trend is found for Fragilaria delicatissima. The addition of diatom sediment analysis allows us to distinguish between the monitored in-lake parameters, the weather and temperature changes over 3 decades and the catchment disturbances as potential drivers for changes in algal communities.

Session C1: Aquatic Invasive Plant Management 23:30 pm - 5:00 pm | City Center Meeting Room 2

Distribution of Nitellopsis obtusa in New York, USARobin S. Sleith1,2, Amy J. Havens1, Robert A. Stewart1 and Kenneth G. Karol1

1The New York Botanical Garden, Cullman Program for Molecular Systematics, Bronx, N.Y., 2The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, N.Y.

AbstractThe charophytic green alga Nitellopsis obtusa (Characeae: Charophyta) was first reported in the New World in the St. Lawrence River in 1978. Since that time, N. obtusa has been reported from inland lakes throughout Michigan, northern Indiana, and western New York and has been listed as an aggressive invasive species by the United States Geological Survey. We studied the distribution of N. obtusa by surveying 390 waterbodies throughout New York State, recording Characeae species presence and water chemistry parameters. In total, N. obtusa was found in 17 counties

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at 31 sites, including 16 inland lakes, 7 sites in the St. Lawrence River, and 8 sites in Lake Ontario. This included new reports from five counties (Franklin, Ontario, Seneca, Wayne, and Yates). Much of the distribution pattern of N. obtusa in New York was correlated with human activity and water chemistry data. Among sites with Characeae (174), water chemistry parameters differed significantly between sites with N. obtusa and those without. Further work is needed to understand how environmental variables and human activities contribute to the current distribution of N. obtusa in North America.

20 Years in Lake Moraine: Long-term Macrophyte Management in a Nutrient-Rich SystemBen GermanState University of New York, Oneonta, N.Y.

AbstractLake Moraine (Madison Reservoir) is an artificially-raised natural lake in Madison County, New York. It has been described as meso-eutrophic. Control of Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum, or EWM) has historically been the focus of lake management activities, which have included physical, biological, and chemical measures. Early control efforts (pre-1996) by the Lake Moraine Association relied largely upon mechanical harvesting, which provided moderate short term control. Biological control was attempted via the milfoil weevil (Euhrychiopsis lecontei) in 1998 and 2000, though growth of EWM was not sufficiently limited due to inadequate insect populations. Sonar® (fluridone) was first applied in 1997 and several applications have occurred since. It has effectively reduced EWM for three to four years per application, with minimal obvious damage to most native species. More recently, in 2008, starry stonewort (Nitellopsis obtuse) has become established in the lake. It became regionally overwhelmingly dominant shortly after appearing in each of several sections of the lake. Plant biodiversity has declined significantly, with only a few native species present in sparse abundance and patchy distributions. To achieve stakeholder expectations, future management efforts will need to address this macroalgae. While control strategies have offered some brief respite from nuisance vegetation, nutrient management is likely needed to see a lasting reduction in productivity (plants and algae) within the lake.

Control of Eurasian Watermilfoil and Other Invasive Species by Hand Pulling: Lessons from Center Pond, MassachusettsMercedes Gallagher1 and Ken Wagner2

1None, Becket, Mass., 2Water Resource Services, Wilbraham, Mass.

AbstractCenter Pond became infested with Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) over a decade ago, and nearly all of the 125-acre lake is susceptible to its growth, with very clear water and a maximum depth of about 18 feet. A contact herbicide was applied as a whole-lake treatment

in 2000, and twice subsequently for spot treatment in selected areas. A hand pulling project was developed early on and adjusted over many years, employing surveys of plant location, volunteer and professional divers, and surface support that includes fragment skimming and shallow water plant removal. Milfoil has been reduced to a minor component of the plant community lake wide. Tracking of harvested plants, hours of effort, and costs facilitates program analysis. Plants harvested declined substantially over the years. Necessary effort has declined as well, but not as sharply; while harvesting time has decreased, search time has increased, putting a floor on cost that can only be lowered by greater efficiency. A number of techniques for improved effectiveness and efficiency have been developed and additional measures are being tried. Eradication is illusive, but a healthy native plant community exists and milfoil does not impair lake use at this time. In more recent years, European naiad (Najas minor) and curly leaf pondweed (Potamogeton crispus) have also been addressed by hand harvesting. Populations of these invasive plants have been kept low by the program.

Flowering Rush (Butomus umbellatus) in the Columbia River: Rapid Response and Lessons LearnedMark Sytsma1, Rich Miller1, Tim Butler2, Damian Walters3, Shelly Hanson4 and Jenifer Parsons5

1Portland State University, Portland, Oreg., 2Oregon Department of Agriculture, Salem, Oreg., 3US Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla, Wash., 4US Army Corps of Engineers, Portland, Oreg., 5Washington Department of Ecology, Olympia, Wash.

AbstractFlowering rush (Butomus umbellatus) was first introduced into North America in 1890s in the St. Lawrence River region, possibly in solid ballast. The plant was first discovered in the Pacific Northwest in 1949. Recently, flowering rush has exhibited rapid range expansion, especially in Flathead Lake and the upper Columbia Basin and, in 2008, in the Yakima River. Surveys conducted in August 2014 in the Columbia River downstream from the confluence with the Yakima River discovered 12 new infestations near McNary Lock and Dam. Six sites were the first detected infestations in Oregon.

The Columbia River is habitat for several threatened and endangered salmonid species and includes numerous Native American cultural resources. Protection of fisheries and cultural resources slowed a rapid response; due to navigating compliance with various state and federal regulations. A stakeholder meeting in October determined necessary permitting and management strategies, which included bottom barriers to prevent spread and diver assisted suction harvest (DASH) removal. Bottom barriers were applied to the six Oregon sites in January based on GPS coordinates, however, plants had senescenced and it is unknown whether barriers were placed accurately due to GPS error. Barrier placement will be adjusted and DASH removal will occur during the summer of 2015. Additional surveys are planned in 2015. Delays in response and management of flowering rush in the Columbia River

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illustrate deficiencies in our rapid response capabilities that must be addressed to ensure protection of one of the most important natural resources in the Pacific Northwest.

Session C2: Nutrient Management3:30 pm - 5:00 pm | Broadway 1 & 2

Nutrient Reduction of Surface Waters: Plant Selection for Floating Treatment WetlandsRichard BretzMiami University, Oxford, Oh.

AbstractFloating Treatment Wetlands (FTWs) is a technique of growing semiaquatic plants suspended on the aquatic body’s surface. One of the biggest benefits of this technique is that the plants rise and fall with the height of the water column, thereby continually absorbing nutrients and oxygenating the water.

Seven species of native, non-invasive plants were studied in constructed mesocosms that were dosed with excess levels of nitrate, phosphate or both. The nutrient impact on plant tissues, i.e., bioaccumulation, and the nutrient removal efficiency of the species were determined.

Technology Testing Results – Aquatic Filter Barriers to Reduce Nutrient Inflow into Lakes and PondsAndrew McCusker1, Karen Wilson2 and Colin Holme3

1Mackworth-Enviro, Scarborough, Me., 2University of Southern Maine, Gorham, Me., 3Lakes Environmental Association, Bridgton, Me.

AbstractAquatic filter barriers function by allowing water passage while filtering out suspended solids or creating a flow pattern and/or time delay to allow their settlement. Uses have included containment of storm-water derived sediments, with associated reductions of TSS levels, bacteria, and turbidity moving into reservoirs, lakes, or rivers. The specific application of aquatic filter barrier technology for reduction of nutrients from stormwater or stream flows into ponds or lakes has developed in recent years. Until now, there were limited applications for which performance measurements have been available (see McCusker et al., Poster Presentation, NALMS 2014).

During 2015, Maine Technology Institute funded a matching grant for Mackworth-Enviro to conduct testing of several variations of our Nutrient Removal Barrier technology. The project was conducted in coordination with Lakes Environmental Association and Dr. Karen Wilson (University of Southern Maine).

The study focused on fabrication and deployment of two test barriers, each containing six different treatment panels incorporating different filter media (all polypropylene, non-woven geotextiles) and two “polishing” media, to

remove dissolved nutrients. Sampling of influent stream or stormwater flow was conducted, as water passed through the test panel.

Testing included turbidity, suspended and dissolved solids, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, phosphates and nitrates, chlorophyll a, and coliforms. Associated barrier performance data will be presented from field applications conducted in 2014 and 2015, for our barriers deployed in conjunction with lake restoration projects by Lake-Savers, LLC.

Aquatic filter barrier effectiveness and applicability for nutrient removal will be presented along with recommendations for further technology study.

Effective Depth Controls the Nitrate Removal Rates in a Water Supply Reservoir with a High Nitrate LoadFrancisco Cubas1, David Holbrook2, John Novak3, Adil Godrej4 and Thomas Grizzard4

1Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Ga., 2The National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Md., 3Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va., 4Virginia Tech, Manassas, Va.

AbstractThe Occoquan Reservoir is part of an indirect potable reuse system where a water reclamation plant discharges a nitrified product water to prevent the onset of anaerobic conditions in the bottom sediments during the summer months. The elongated narrow shape of the reservoir combined with water temperature gradients in the inlet results in density currents that enhance the transport of nitrate from the surface to the bottom waters. Nitrate profiles revealed that approximately 80-85% of the nitrate in the inflow migrates to the bottom layers of the reservoir during periods of thermal stratification. The morphology of the reservoir also causes a longitudinal change in the ratio of water volume to sediment area, herein defined as the effective depth (ZED). Field observations revealed that measured nitrate removal rate coefficients (k) varied inversely with ZED, suggesting that the upper reaches of the reservoir have a higher potential for nitrate removal compared to the areas closer to the dam. A similar relationship between k and ZED was confirmed in laboratory experiments, which were built using ZED as a downscaling modeling parameter. The low variability found between the mass transfer coefficients for nitrate (Coefficient of Variation = 0.25) suggests a nearly constant biotic nitrogen removal along the reservoir and confirmed that k values were mainly affected by changes in ZED. Finally, similarities in k values between field and laboratory samples with similar ZED values suggest that different segments of natural systems may be properly downscaled to laboratory-sized configurations by means of the ZED concept.

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Establishing Management Priorities for a North Carolina Blackwater Lake – Realistic Options for Nutrient ReductionsDiane Lauritsen1, Larry Cahoon2,1 and Nathan Hall3

1Lake Waccamaw Alliance, Mount Pleasant, S.C., 2University of North Carolina-Wilmington, Wilmington, N.C., 3Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Morehead City, N.C.

AbstractMost of the Coastal Plain lakes of North Carolina are Carolina Bays – they are distinctive morphologically and in some cases, geochemically. Lake Waccamaw is the most unique of these shallow Bay lakes and is host to a number of rare and endemic species. It is also a complex and dynamic blackwater system. Over the past decade there have been significant changes in the abundance of filamentous algae and cyanobacteria, submerged aquatic vegetation, and aquatic insect emergence, all of which are being treated with herbicide), and the filamentous cyanobacteria Lyngbya has also established a beachhead. High primary productivity (benthic algae/cyanobacteria or vegetation) appears to be correlated with drought years, when surface water input is lower and water clarity increases, although historically, periods of greater water clarity did not result in such high productivity. This suggests that external loading has increased, and/or the existing internal nutrient load, associated with lake sediments, is now sufficient to support relatively high productivity when conditions are favorable. Bioavailable forms of phosphorus have been found to be highest in muddy sediments, due to the relatively high percentage of hydroxide-extractable P. For that reason, the use of, and timing of, in-lake P-inactivation is being studied in conjunction with additional watershed actions and stormwater treatment in order to moderate high primary productivity in the lake.

Session C3: HABS/Cyanobacteria 33:30 pm - 5:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 1

What’s Causing Culver Lake’s Cyanobacteria Conundrum?Stephen Souza, Chris Mikolajczyk, Michael Hartshorne and Evan KwitynPrinceton Hydro, LLC, Ringoes, N.J.

AbstractCulver Lake is a 550 acre, 50-foot-deep kettle-hole lake with a long-history of cyanobacteria related water quality problems. The frequency, intensity and duration of cyanobacteria blooms are puzzling given that the lake is a relatively low nutrient system (average total phosphorus concentrations typically less than 25 ppb), is located within a minimally developed watershed, and has been subject to a variety of in-lake management measures including hypolimnetic aeration, bio-manipulation and deep-water iron treatments. The lake also has never been subject to copper sulfate treatments.

This paper examines 25 consecutive years of water quality data, along with watershed loading data and trophic state modeling data with respect to understanding the factors responsible for the lake’s cyanobacteria blooms. Particular emphasis is given to the seasonal relationship between N-fixing and non N-Fixing cyanobacteria species, N:P ratios and possible in-lake and watershed triggers that promote cyanobacteria blooms. The data suggest that while the measures implemented to control and improve the in-lake regeneration and recycling of phosphorus have been successful and did result in measurable water quality improvements, it is the biology of the lake that is now largely responsible for stimulating and sustaining cyanobacteria blooms. This would imply that the management of the lake’s biological attributes needs to be emphasized so that the biology of the system can “catch up” to the improvements garnered with respect to the chemistry of the lake.

Evaluation of Potential Algal Production Increase in Lake Mead due to Increased Sediment Nutrient ReleaseBen Martin1, Li Ding1, Al Preston1,3, Todd Tietjen2, Peggy Roefer2 and John List1

1Flow Science Incorporated, Pasadena, Calif., 2Southern Nevada Water Authority, Las Vegas, Nev., 3Geosyntec Consultants Incorporated, Pasadena, Calif.

AbstractTypically, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in Lake Mead remain high enough to keep nutrients bound within the sediments. However, recent field studies and data indicated likely release of phosphorus, the limiting nutrient in Lake Mead, from the sediments due to low DO concentrations, particularly in Gregg Basin. The release of phosphorus may lead to potential algal production increase in Lake Mead. The present work evaluates potential algal production increase through analysis of in-reservoir data and experimental ELCOM/CAEDYM simulations. Sediment nutrient release flux rates were quantified for historical and present conditions. Flux rates were then implemented in a model of Lake Mead, which was used to evaluate nutrient loads under a range of climate change scenarios. Prior modeling on the effects of climate change and different Glen Canyon Dam operations has indicated that DO concentrations in Lake Mead will be reduced by warmer water temperatures. The modeling study of 2014 low DO episodes in Lake Mead provided further evidence of elevated sediment nutrient release due to low DO concentrations and warmer inflow water temperatures. This study furthers the investigation to include possible future climate change by projecting long term nutrient concentrations for increased warming, decreased mixing, high water surface elevations, and increased nutrient flux rates. Comparisons of temperature, DO, phosphorus concentrations and chlorophyll a concentrations, were made for various changes in lake conditions. This study enhances the understanding of the potential for algal production increase of Lake Mead due to the release of phosphorus from sediment loading.

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Microcystis in Lake Mead: Warm Winter Temperatures Lead to Microcystin Release in the SpringTodd TietjenSouthern Nevada Water Authority, Las Vegas, Nev.

AbstractLake Mead, a large impoundment of the Colorado River along the Nevada-Arizona border, is an important water resource for Nevada, Arizona, California and Mexico. Algal concentrations in Lake Mead have been low in most areas since the mid-2000s when wastewater phosphorus removal was optimized. Chlorophyll concentrations are below 10 μg/L in most of the lake throughout the year and bioassays have repeatedly demonstrated phosphorus is the limiting nutrient in the lake. It has been common over the last decade for Microcystis to become a significant contributor to the algal community during the fall and winter months. Until the winter of 2014 – 2015 Microcystis decreased during the winter and was only minimally present by the spring. Beginning in March of 2015 there were significant aggregations of Microcystis in regions of the lake where the algae was trapped by the wind (coves and marinas). These aggregations appear to simply be collections of algae, as opposed to blooms driven by significant increases in algal production. These March 2015 aggregations resulted in the first ever measurements of microcystin in Lake Mead. Microcystin was never detected in the vicinity of any of the municipal drinking water intakes, but was measured in parts of the Lake Mead National Recreation Area that are used for recreation. It appears that this change in Microcystis population dynamics in Lake Mead was driven by warmer temperatures and less wind than most winters. It remains unclear if there will be major Microcystis events in the future.

Cyanotoxin Monitoring and the Potential Effects on Beneficial Uses in Cherry Creek Reservoir, Denver, Colo.Nathan Jahns and Craig WolfGEI Consultants, Inc., Denver, Colo.

AbstractIn 2008, a destratification management strategy was implemented in the highly recreationally used Cherry Creek Reservoir, Denver, Colorado with the intent to reduce internal nutrient loading and algae growth. After 6 years of operation, internal loading and chlorophyll a concentrations were higher than expected. In 2014, the system was not operated to reassess phytoplankton community dynamics and algal biomass, primarily cyanobacteria, absent of destratification.

Concerns over potential cyanobacteria blooms and their risk to beneficial uses were raised given the absence of the system. A cyanotoxin monitoring program was implemented to document the concentrations of microcystins, anatoxin-a, saxitoxins, and cylindrospermopsins in the photic zone and at the swim beach. Of these cyanotoxins, only Microcystins were detected in 14 of 34 samples. Seven of these detections

occurred during an Anabaena flos-aquae bloom in June which was the most extensive bloom in recent years and occurred earlier than typical events. Anabaena were found in the upper water column where light, nutrients, temperatures, and mixing resistance were favorable. Two “worst case” grab samples during this time indicated a moderate and high risk to human health based on World Health Organization recreational thresholds. Three samples taken near the swim beach where children are at a higher risk of ingestion during recreation were above the EPA finished drinking water guidance for children younger than school age, yet <1 µg/L. Microcystins concentrations between July to September presented a low risk to recreational use. The destratification system was not operated in 2015 and cyanotoxin monitoring continued.

Session C4: A Potpourri of Lake Management Issues3:30 pm - 5:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 2

Littoral Sediment Accumulation 10 Years after Muck Removal in Lake Tohopekaliga, Florida, USAMark Hoyer1, Michael Netherland2 and Dean Jones3

1University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla., 2US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Gainesville, Fla., 3University of Florida Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants, Gainesville, Fla.

AbstractIn 2004 a multi-million-dollar muck removal program was completed that targeted an estimated average 46 cm of muck in 1,420 ha of littoral area in Lake Tohopekaliga, Florida. In 2005 sediment cores were taken from 145 sites located throughout the scraped littoral area showing an estimated 1.6 cm of organic sediment after the removal program. To address concerns about the longevity of this management activity, sediment cores were taken again at 130 of the original sites in August 2008 and January 2015 to estimate sediment accumulation rates. From 2005 to 2015 there was a whole lake average of 2.2 cm of organic sediment accumulated yielding a rate of 0.22 cm per year for the decade. At that accumulation rate it would take approximately 210 years to reach the original 46 cm of littoral muck, and these data suggest that the muck removal program was successful and will not have to be repeated for many years. Additionally, aquatic plants were identified at coring sites sampled in 2015 to determine if sediment accumulation rates were different in areas dominated by specific plant types and/or species and no significant differences were found

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Sediment Metals in Some Lakes of the USA and EuropeKenton StewartState University of New York, Buffalo, N.Y.

AbstractAn X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometer was used to determine concentrations of 8-10 metals, present in the surficial (top 10-15 cm) sediments. The sediments were collected with Ekman dredges from the deepest water regions of each lake. The sediments, from roughly 40 widely distributed lakes in the USA (mostly in the states of N.Y. and Wis.) and in Europe (mostly in Germany) were uniformly and carefully dried before spectrophotometric analysis. In all lake sediments, the dominant metal detected was iron (Fe). The second and third most common metals (when above detection limits) were titanium (Ti) and manganese (Mn). Unfortunately, two metals, copper (Cu) and arsenic (As), were prominent in the sediments of two lakes where humans had “unwisely” sprayed, or somehow added, those permanent toxins over the surface of the lake to combat a temporary (algal or macrophyte) nuisance.

Yes, it’s True – Water Treatment Residuals Can Help Control Cyanobacteria BloomsKraig SchenkelbergHazen and Sawyer, State College, Pa.

AbstractDrinking water treatment plants that generate water treatment residuals (WTRs) from the use of inorganic coagulants may have a unique weapon in their defense against cyanobacteria. Research and demonstration studies have proven that land applied WTR has the ability to chemically bind and control non-point source (NPS) phosphorus pollution, which along with good land management practices in watersheds, can protect surface water quality. The unique chemical characteristics of WTRs, namely the large concentration of aluminum and iron hydroxides, combine with phosphorus and may limit the (bio)available phosphorus on these lands. Intensely farmed lands that have high phosphorus soils, or receive biosolids and manures, can receive WTR via direct application to reduce the likelihood of phosphorus release and protect aquatic environments.

This presentation will provide a background on this beneficial use of WTR, and show the results of research performed through a tailored collaboration project of the Water Research Foundation that demonstrates the viability of WTR for controlling bioavailable soil phosphorus. This research showed the importance of characterizing individual WTRs for adsorbing phosphorus, and demonstrated variability due to coagulant dose, WTR age, coagulation conditions, and form (liquid or dry). Liquid and dry WTRs, when applied to the surface of soils at typical agronomic loadings rates for soil additives (2.5 to 5 Mg/ha) can reduce bioavailable phosphorus by 50% or more, as measured by Mehlich 3 soil phosphorus analysis. An approach to pursue this beneficial use of WTR was also developed.

National Community Decentralized Wastewater Demonstration Project at the Skaneateles Lake Watershed for the City of Syracuse, New YorkAlfonso Blanco1, Eric Murdock2 and Donna Somboonlakana3

1US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 2Onsite Engineering, Syracuse, N.Y., 3US Environmental Protection Agency, New York, N.Y.

AbstractOnsite Wastewater Treatment Systems (OWTS) are the most appropriate and cost-effective means of protecting water quality in many communities. The Skaneateles Lake Demonstration Project tested the use of new, commercially available alternative onsite wastewater treatment technologies in challenging topographical areas. The Skaneateles Lake watershed, a critical water resource for the City of Syracuse, is comprised of very steep slopes, shallow depth to groundwater/bedrock, and poor soils. Alternative Onsite Wastewater Systems were installed to replace failing septic systems at lakefront sites that did not meet new construction standards. New Enhanced Treatment Units (ETUs} resulted in higher treatment levels and measured reliability. The Skaneateles Lake project’s effluent goals were to achieve secondary treatment levels at all the project’s sites. The long-term success of using ETUs is contingent upon having an oversight management program supported by regulatory enforcement. This project extends numerous proactive and ongoing measures to protect the Skaneateles Lake watershed, and is exemplary to local and national goals of proving, managing and transferring current and future OWTS technologies.

Session C5: Phosphorus and Internal Loading3:30 pm - 5:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 3

A Retrospective Analysis of Phosphorus Efflux from the Profundal Sediments of Onondaga Lake, N.Y.: Regulating Mechanisms and Implications for RecoveryDavid Matthews and Steven EfflerUpstate Freshwater Institute, Syracuse, N.Y.

AbstractLong-term changes in accumulations of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) in the hypolimnion of Onondaga Lake, New York were documented for a 24-year period, 1989–2012. This analysis was supported by weekly, vertically detailed (≤ 2 m resolution) measurements of SRP and ancillary parameters, including dissolved oxygen (DO) and nitrate (NO3

-). Efflux of SRP from the sediments was estimated from the rate of accumulation in the hypolimnion during the summer stratification period. Areal rates of SRP release from hypolimnetic sediments decreased 91%, from 35 ± 4 mg m-2 d-1 during 1989–2007 to 3 ± 3 mg m-2 d-1 during 2010–2012. The long-term decrease in release rates for SRP was consistent with reduced decomposition of organic matter in the sediments. The more recent

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abrupt decrease in SRP accumulation was associated with increased NO3

- loading from the Metropolitan Syracuse Wastewater Treatment Plant (Metro) and a nitrate addition pilot test, which increased the redox potential and binding capacity of the sediments. Historically, SRP accumulated in the hypolimnion accounted for approximately 20% of P load to the upper productive layer during summer. This contribution has been reduced to <1% in recent years. Internal P loading, which has slowed or prevented the recovery of other culturally eutrophic lakes following major decreases in external P loading, has not impeded the rehabilitation of Onondaga Lake.

Contributions of Particulate Inorganic Phosphorus to the Phosphorus Pools of Onondaga Lake and 94 other New York State LakesCraig Hurteau1, Anthony Prestigiacomo1, David Matthews1, Steven Effler1, Feng Peng1, D. Nover2, Martin Auer2, Scott Kinsbaugh3 and Nancy Mueller4

1Upstate Freshwater Institute, Syracuse, N.Y., 2Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Mich., 3New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, N.Y., 4New York State Federation of Lake Associations, LaFayette, N.Y.

AbstractPhosphorus is the nutrient that limits algal growth in most freshwater ecosystems. The concentration of total phosphorus (TP) is widely used as an indicator of lake trophic state and often serves as a primary endpoint for lake management plans and restoration programs. However, phosphorus exists in an array of forms that differ greatly with respect to their availability to support primary production. For example, P bound to minerogenic particles (i.e., clay or calcite) may be unavailable to phytoplankton. In this study, a fractionation technique was used to assess the contribution of particulate inorganic phosphorus (PIP) to the TP pools of Onondaga Lake and 94 additional New York State lakes that were sampled as part of the Citizens Statewide Assessment Program (CSLAP). During the 2010-2011 period, PIP accounted for 25 to 62% (42% average) of TP in the upper waters of Onondaga Lake. PIP increased in Onondaga Lake after runoff events due to increases in mineral particle loading from tributaries. Bioassays indicated that bioavailability of P was particularly low during runoff events. The contribution of PIP to the TP pools of the 94 CSLAP lakes averaged 27% (1 to 69%). This study establishes that PIP contributes importantly to the TP pools of Onondaga Lake and other New York State lakes. In lakes with high PIP concentrations, TP alone is likely a false-high representation of trophic state. Trophic state indices for such lakes should consider the relative contribution of P fractions and emphasize chlorophyll-a as a metric of trophic state.

The Sediment P Bulge: Why is Internal P Loading so Stubbornly Persistent?William James1 and Paul Garrison2

1University of Wisconsin – Stout, Menomonie, Wis., 2Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Wis.

AbstractEutrophic lake sediment profiles often exhibit a surface concentration peak of biologically-labile P (i.e., loosely-bound, iron-bound, and labile organic P) that overlays lower, relatively homogeneous, concentrations below a stabilization depth (Carey and Rydin 2011). This concentration bulge represents mobile P that is recycled with the overlying water column in excess of diagenesis and burial. Burial efficiency is related to the size of this mobile P pool and is often low (Rydin et al. 2012), resulting in delayed lake recovery after implementation of watershed BMPs. Hypotheses explaining the shape of the sediment P profile in eutrophic lakes include recent increases in external P loading and sedimentation; organic P degradation and release to Fe-OOH before burial, microbial storage as poly-P and release to Fe-OOH, and limited capacity for sediment to retain and bury P due to saturated binding sites. In addition, cyanobacteria dominance in eutrophic lakes may also promote the maintenance of a surface P bulge over time, leading to inefficient burial. Recycling strategies include direct access to surface sediment mobile P by resting stages (akinites, cysts), vertical migration into hypolimnetic P gradients, and P entrainment into the epilimnion in Fe-poor lakes. Internal P recycling from sediment to cyanobacteria and back to sediment as organic P may act as a positive feedback loop that reduces P burial efficiency by maintaining an excess mobile P layer at the sediment-water interface. This stable equilibrium is resistant to change after watershed P loading reduction. Sediment P profile examples are used to examine this problem.

Determining Rates of Internal Loading from Sediment Cores: The Importance of Site Selection Using Willow Creek Reservoir, Oregon as a Case StudySarah Burnet and Frank WilhelmUniversity of Idaho, Moscow, Id.

AbstractThe increasing occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in waters world-wide not only decreases the aesthetic and recreational value of surface waters, but also their use as potable source waters. This is especially important in the face of the expanding human population that relies on access to clean water. In many stratified lakes and reservoirs, internal loading from an anoxic hypolimnion can be a significant contribution to the annual mass balance of phosphorus (P) and can fuel summer HABs. Many remediation programs require an understanding of the mass balance including the internal loading component which are often determined using sediment cores incubated under anoxic conditions in the laboratory. A question that has not been thoroughly reported in the literature is where

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to collect cores to obtain representative rates. To address this, we collected triplicate sediment cores from six sites in Willow Creek Reservoir, OR to measure sediment P release under anoxia. Rates differed widely ranging from 5.02 to 20.89 mg P·m-2·d-1 even among similarly deep sites towards the dam. The variation in release rates shows that incubating cores from only a single site could induce large errors in estimates of internal loading. Our data shows that cores from multiple sites are needed to provide meaningful measures of internal P loading in Willow Creek Reservoir and likely other lakes and reservoirs. Managers should ensure that an adequate number of sites are used to calculate internal loadings rates.

Poster Session6:00 pm - 7:00 pm | City Center Main Hall

A Conceptual GIS-based Model to Assess the Human-induced Eutrophication in a Tropical ReservoirIris Amati Martins and Marisa Dantas BitencourtUniversity of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

AbstractFacing the complexity between human and natural systems and the mechanisms complexity involving freshwater, we developed a conceptual GIS-based model considering the landscape limnology approach, integrating the landscape features and modelling the potential hydrological process in a simple way, to assess the environmental fragility to human-induced eutrophication in tropical reservoirs. Thus, we invited a group of experts with contributory expertise or interactional expertise under a traditional approach, to select a set of criteria (predictors variables) that comprises the objective of the model and also to weight each criterion according to their importance (Analytic Hierarchy Process-AHP). The group included chemical and hydraulic engineers that work in water and sanitary agencies, limnologists, and landscape ecologists. Our conceptual GIS-based model was developed through MCE decision-making process and was based on Weighted Linear Combination (WLC), in which each criterion is spatialized and then multiplied by the respective weight. The final product of the GIS-based model is a thematic map that presents gradients of environmental fragility. The conceptual GIS-based model integrates: (a) the criteria and their respectively weights; (b) the best methods in relation to cost effectiveness and to implementation facility for development and spatialization of the criteria in a GIS environment; (c) the potential data source; and (d) the pathways to model adjustment if it is not validated. Despite the criteria and its weights are fixed for any tropical reservoir, the model can be adjusted to reservoirs located in other regions, since it allows the change of criteria and the production of new weights.

Lake of the Woods – From Science to Governance in an International Waterbody: A Multi-Discipline Examination of the Effects of

Climate Change in the Ecotone between the Deciduous Forest and Boreal Forest Biomes in Northern Minnesota and Northwestern OntarioNolan Baratono1, Andrew Paterson2, Kathleen Rühland3, Mark Edlund4, Lee Frelich5, Bill Herb6, Peter Jacobson7, Tana McDaniel8, Sarah Malick9, Tim Pascoe8, Euan Reavie10, Mark Seeley10 and Steve Windels9

1Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, retired, Duluth, Minn., 2Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Dorset, Ont., Canada, 3Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada, 4St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Marine on St. Croix, Minn., 5University of Minnesota Center for Forest Ecology, Minneapolis, Minn., 6St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, Minneapolis, Minn., 7Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Park Rapids, Minn., 8Environment Canada, Burlington, Ont., Canada, 9Voyageurs National Park, International Falls, Minn., 10Natural Resources Research Institute/University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.

AbstractThe International Rainy-Lake of the Woods (IRLOW) Basin, bounded on the east by the Lake Superior Basin and the west by the Red River Basin, straddles the border between Canada and the United States. Coincidentally, the basin also straddles the ecotone between the deciduous forest and boreal forest biomes in northern Minnesota and northwestern Ontario. Although ecological responses to climate change have been observed worldwide, they can be particularly well expressed at ecotonal boundaries because this is where many species are living near their ecological (physical, competitive) limits. At forest ecotones, strong responses in terrestrial and aquatic systems to past climate change have been recorded by paleoecological studies.

Researchers and resource managers from across the Basin have reported changes to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems that are directly attributable to recent climatic change. Altered precipitation patterns, increases in air temperature, various phenological changes, and changes to aquatic and terrestrial communities have occurred since the late 1970s. Paleolimnological data suggest that these changes are recent and unique to the last several hundred years.

Here, we synthesize multidisciplinary data documenting changes attributable to climate change that are occurring to the terrestrial and/or aquatic environments within the IRLOW Basin. This synthesis documents the warming that has occurred in the IRLOW Basin and provides a benchmark for researchers to use for future research.

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Utilizing a Diverse Local/Statewide Partnership to Deliver Education to Lake Residents Focused on the Benefits of Natural Shoreline Landscapes to Protect Michigan’s Inland EcosystemsBindu Bhakta1,8, Julia Kirkwood2,8, Jim Brueck3,7, Laura Zigmanth4,7, Michele Arquette-Palermo5,8, Kathleen Dougherty6, Bethany Perris2,8 and Sue Tepatti2,8

1Michigan State University Extension, Pontiac, Mich., 2Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Lansing, Mich., 3Native Lakescapes, LLC., Clarkston, Mich., 4EcoChic Landscape Design Inc., White Lake, Mich., 5Clinton River Watershed Council, Rochester Hills, Mich., 6Oakland County Parks and Recreation, Waterford, Mich., 7North Oakland Chapter, WildOnes, Clarkston, Mich., 8Michigan Natural Shoreline Partnership, Lansing, Mich.

AbstractAccording to the US Environmental Protection Agency’s National Lake Assessment, the biggest problem in the nation’s lakes is poor lakeshore habitat. With more than 11,000 inland lakes in Michigan, there are many threats to shoreline and shallow water areas. Over time, increased shoreline development has resulted in the removal of native vegetation at the shoreline, resulting in unstable shorelines and loss of habitat, both of which negatively impact lake ecosystems.

In an effort to help residents understand lakes and their shorelines, the Michigan Natural Shoreline Partnership (MNSP) was formed in 2008 as a public/private partnership consisting of governmental agencies, green industry associations/representatives, academic institutions, and environmental and nonprofit organizations that promote natural shoreline management. MNSP’s mission is to promote the use of natural shorelines through the use of green technologies and bioengineered erosion control for protection of Michigan’s inland lakes.

Oakland County, Michigan is home to over 1,400 lakes and 4 major watersheds. The 2004 estimated value of roughly 29,000 waterfront parcels was $10.6 billion. Maintaining this combination of economic/aesthetic/ecological value and lake access hinges upon healthy lake ecosystems. Since 2012, Michigan State University Extension (MSUE) has coordinated workshops taught by MNSP-trained “Shoreline Educators.” Practices presented focus on those that create stable shorelines protected from waves and erosion, serve as natural features to prevent runoff, and provide suitable habitat value while maintaining aesthetic value of and access to lakes. For those considering implementation of similar educational initiatives, program basics, case studies, outcomes, lessons learned, success stories, and next steps will be discussed.

Remote Sensing Technique for Monitoring Hydrilla in Fresh WaterbodiesAlfonso BlancoGeorge Mason University, Fairfax, Va.

AbstractThis research addresses the need for a more accurate, efficient, large-scale and timely methods for identifying and mapping hydrilla infestation in coastal estuaries and other water bodies, as nutrient loadings continue to exert pressures on estuarine habitats. Remote sensing has been used for assessing wetlands and other non-invasive aquatic species, but there is limited information on the detection of hydrilla using hyperspectral sensors. The first objective of this research was to establish a database of hydrilla spectral signatures from an experimental tank and a field setting. The second objective is to process the Hyperion satellite images with workflow process in ENVI version 4.8. The third objective was to validate the satellite and airborne hyperspectral images with the spectral signatures collected from the experimental tank and field measurements. In addition, the Hyperion images were compared to aerial photos and ground survey. The spectral signatures from the experimental tank and the field were compared to the spectral signatures of the Hyperion image. This produced a spectral reflectance averaging 18%, which can be interpreted that the hydrilla canopy was floating or partly submerged. It can be concluded that when reflectance is below 10% the hydrilla canopy is submerged and when it is above 10 % the hydrilla canopy is floating; however, the higher the reflectance, the more exposed the canopy is above the water surface. The hyperspectral analysis provided for the identification and classification of hydrilla obtained from the sensor and secondly the identification of blue-green algae in very productive waters.

Benthic Barriers: An Assessment of Effectiveness and Feasibility at Two New York State ParksGabriella Cebada Mora, Melissa Smith and Megan PhillipsNew York State Parks, Albany, N.Y.

AbstractIn 2008 and 2009, New York State Parks used 2 types of benthic barriers at Belmont Lake in Belmont Lake State Park on Long Island to control the growth of Fanwort (Cabomba) a submerged aquatic invasive plant. Two types of barriers were used: Solmax, a nonporous light grey plastic material and Aquascreen, a more porous plastic material. Contractors were hired to install and remove the barriers in 1 m × 1 m plots and fieldsheets were used to document the effectiveness of the two types of barriers in limiting Fanwort growth. In 2014, Solmax barriers were installed by New York State Park staff at Rudd Pond in Taconic State Park to control Curly-leaf pondweed (Potamogeton cripspus) and Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum), and in 2015, LakeMats barriers replaced them.

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An assessment of the different types of mats and installation processes provided insight on the pros and cons of the different barrier types. All the barriers achieved a similar level of treatment (plant reduction) in the areas they covered compared to non-treated areas. Differences related to the amount of effort needed to install, manage (i.e., venting gas bubbles and re-submerging), remove and clean the barriers; the cost of in-house installation/removal versus hiring a contractor; the durability of the material; the amount/type of additional material needed to keep mats in place. Overall, benthic barriers have proven to be highly effective at controlling plant growth, however, they are best used in small, targeted areas due to the amount of time and effort needed for installation, management, and removal.

Removing Bacteria with Mushrooms: Use of Mycofiltration at a Stream in Lake Erie State ParkGabriella Cebada MoraNew York State Parks, Albany, N.Y.

AbstractBacteria sampling of a stream near the Lake Erie State Park beach indicated high levels of E. coli were present that exceeded the New York State Department of Health standard of 235 colony forming units (cfus)/100 ml, sometimes by several orders of magnitude.

New York State Park’s Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) received Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) funding to conduct sanitary survey and remediation work. To meet remediation objectives, EMB researched innovative techniques to treat stormwater runoff containing high levels of E. coli.

EMB identified Fungi Perfecti as a creator of an innovative, low-cost, bacteria removal system called mycofiltration. Mycofiltration biotechnology for pathogen management uses mycelium to filter out bacteria from contaminated stormwater runoff. Fungi Perfecti received an EPA Small Business Innovative Research grant to develop and test its mycofiltration system. We worked with Fungi Perfecti to test their technology at the park.

Three mycototes were installed at a cement weir located on the stream. Water flowing over the weir was filtered through the totes. Three samples were collected directly upstream and downstream of the totes and along with environmental data at the time of sampling. Sixty-one samples were collected June 4 - September 11, 2014, and tested for E. coli. E. coli concentrations ranged from 100 to 45,000 cfus/100 mls, with an average of 4,533 cfus/100 mls. Reductions in E. coli levels were seen uniformly throughout the testing, with reductions ranging between 13 – 81% and an overall average reduction of 38%.

Creating a New Knowledge Class to Address the Algal Bloom Crisis: The ABATE Training ProgramIrena Creed1, Phaedra Henley1, Peter Dillon2, Lewis Molot3, Francis Pick4, John Smol5 and Charles Trick1, Dan Walters6

1Western University, London, Ont., Canada, 2Trent University, Peterborough, Ont., Canada, 3York University, Toronto, Ont., Canada, 4University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., Canada, 5Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada, 6Nipissing University, North Bay, Ont., Canada

AbstractAlgal blooms are increasing in frequency and intensity in freshwaters globally. These blooms are often harmful, producing toxic metabolites. The key response is the creation of a knowledge-rich and skill-ready workforce to become leaders in defining strategies to solve the emerging freshwater Harmful Algal Bloom (fHAB) crisis. We need: a knowledge class, where academics, governments and industries work together with trainees to develop and address research questions related to factors that (1) lead to algal blooms in freshwaters; (2) result in shifts in bloom dynamics favoring dominance by potentially harmful species; and (3) trigger the production of these metabolites; and then adopt a transdisciplinary approach to develop effective management methods at the watershed and lake scales. A key element is to work with end-users to translate the scientific findings into actions that change policy and practice to prevent, mitigate or adapt to fHABs. The “Algal Bloom Assessment through Science, Technology and Education (ABATE)” training program is designed to create this new knowledge class. A collaborative training team including academics, government and industry will help guide trainees formally on research project committees and informally through program specific components. These include: lectures contributed by leaders in the field; interactive webinars; field schools and excursions; real world experiences through exchanges and internships; workshops to translate scientific findings into policies and practices; and an annual showcase. The curricula are designed to provide scientific excellence and professional skills through the implementation of science components and professional courses or certificates that will make trainees “job-ready” leaders.

Case Study for Cupsaw Lake, Ringwood, New JerseyAlan Fedeli1,2

1Cupsaw Lake Improvement Association, Ringwood, N.J., 2New Jersey Coalition of Lake Associations, Sparta, N.J.

AbstractThis paper describes how Cupsaw Lake shifted from doing little more than chemical treatments to taking initiatives to solve its lake eutrophication problems. The transformation was highlighted by the formation of a dedicated twelve-person committee meeting monthly, and also by extending our reach “beyond our own shores” working with other lake associations. As a result, we were able to institute an aeration system and begin hydro-raking our shorelines. We captured measurement data and are expanding that

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program. We are tackling watershed management with a push for septic pumping in our watershed area. Our most pronounced success has been the absence of geese and their droppings where there was once a herd of 50 geese.

Lake associations are run by volunteers, and it is easy for volunteers to avoid the disciplines which produce best management practices. By committing to a lake association consensus process and working with other lake associations it is possible to take a more active leadership in lake restoration.

Investigation of Trophic Changes in Lake Minnewaska, a Pristine Sky Lake in Ulster County, New YorkAissa Feldmann, Lauren Townley and Karen TerbushNew York State Parks, Albany, N.Y.

AbstractSince the early 1900s, Lake Minnewasks was considered a “sky lake” having very high water clarity, very low pH and nutrients, no plants or fish, a rare sphagnum moss, and a unique turquois blue color. However, over the last decade, these traits have altered, shifting the lake from oligotrophic to mesotrophic/eutrophic. An illegal introduction of two fish species has had major impacts on the lakes ecosystem. It is hypothesized that a reduction in acid rain resulted in a slow increase in the lake’s pH. This change allowed non-native baitfish (Golden Shiners), illegally dumped around 2008, to survive. The introduction of a fish population into the lake resulted in a trophic cascade. Baitfish predated on zooplankton, which decreased zooplankton herbivory and increased nutrients from excretion leading to an increase in phytoplankton biomass. This led to an overall increase in lake productivity. This increase drastically decreased water clarity, resulting in closure of the swim area and the hypothesized die off of the rare moss. In 2012, largemouth bass were illegally introduced into the lake. Water chemistry data has been collected bi-weekly or monthly to assess the changes occurring at the lake. Another nearby sky lake, Lake Awosting, which has not exhibited changes, is being used as the control. 2014 data seems to indicate that the lake is shifting back to a mesotrophic-oligotrophic status. In 2014, a large number of leeches were observed. State Parks is working with experts from the Museum of Natural History to determine the significance of this new development.

Daily and Longer-Term models for Predicting Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms at Lake Erie and Ohio Inland Lake WatersDonna Francy1, Erin Stelzer1, Christopher Ecker1, Keith Loftin2, Jennifer Graham2 and Pamela Struffolino3

1US Geological Survey Ohio Water Science Center, Columbus, Oh., 2US Geological Survey Kansas Water Science Center, Lawrence, Kans., 3University of Toledo, Toledo, Oh.

AbstractThe presence of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) and associated cyanotoxins, such as microcystin, have been identified in Lake Erie and some

Ohio inland lakes. Predicting when and where a bloom may occur is important to protect the public that uses and consumes a water source; however, because of the many factors affecting toxin production, predictions are complicated and likely site specific. Monitoring a suite of chemical, biological, and physical parameters provides the foundation needed to predict cyanoHABs. Data were collected at Lake Erie and inland lake sites weekly to monthly from May-November in 2013 and 2014 to better understand the links among cyanobacteria community structure, toxin production, and environmental and water-quality factors. Phycocyanin, nutrient concentrations, and turbidity were significantly correlated with microcystin concentrations at most sites. Data from molecular assays, sensor measurements, and other factors may be used to develop site-specific predictive models for cyanoHABs. Two different modeling scenarios are proposed for cyanoHAB predictions: (1) A daily predictive model is developed by using physical and environmental measurements such as phycocyanin, turbidity, wind speed, and wind direction. Daily predictions can be generated remotely without having to visit the site or collect a water sample. (2) Longer-term models provide advanced warning of the potential for a cyanoHAB event and include variables such as nutrients and cyanobacterial gene concentrations; however, longer-term modeling requires a sample be collected and analyzed by more advanced laboratory methods.

Has Lake Buchanan Crossed a Threshold? Eutrophication in a Hardwater ReservoirAlan Groeger1 and David Bass2

1Texas State University, San Marcos, Tex., 2Lower Colorado River Authority, Austin, Tex.

AbstractA 30-year sampling record in the subtropical reservoir Lake Buchanan has shown significant trends in a number of variables indicative of eutrophication, including increasing chlorophyll a and decreasing water clarity in the surface waters. In particular, though, water chemistry trends in the summer hypolimnion, indicating an increasingly severe decrease in redox potential, suggest that a threshold was passed where the hardwater nature of the water column is no longer capable of moderating the effects of eutrophication. These deepwater trends include increased internal nutrient loading (SRP and TP, NH4

+, and TKN), SO4

2- reduction, and generation of CO2 and alkalinity. Changes in land use within the drainage basin (Colorado River, Texas) have seemingly been quite modest over this record, and it is not clear that external nutrient loading has increased to the reservoir. In this talk we will explore the reasons for this increase in productivity and possible management options for ameliorating the problem into the future.

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Developing a Spectral Inference Model to Measure Trends in Cyanobacterial Pigments in Lake SedimentsKristopher Hadley1,2, Andrew Paterson3, Neal Michelutti1, Tammy Karst-Riddoch1, Sue Watson4, Irene Gregory-Eaves5, Arthur Zastepa4, John Smol2 and Neil Hutchinson1

1Hutchinson Environmental Sciences Ltd., Kitchener, Ont., Canada, 2Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada, 3Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Dorset, Ont., Canada, 4Environment Canada, Burlington, Ont., Canada, 5McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada

AbstractCyanobacteria blooms pose a serious threat to lake ecosystems, and are a significant management concern in Canada and across North America. The ability to collect a long-term historical record of cyanobacteria blooms from lake sediments will provide information about the ecosystem state prior to disturbance (i.e., the ecological baseline condition), and the timing of the historical disturbance. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurement of cyanobacterial pigment concentrations in lake sediments involves chemical extraction of pigments from the sediments, and thus renders the sediment useless for future analysis. Past research has focused on the development and application of visible near-infrared spectral techniques (VNIR) as a cost-effective, rapid and non-destructive alternative to HPLC, specifically, assessing changes in chlorophyll a concentrations as a method to reconstruct primary production in lakes over time. Here, we have expanded on the chlorophyll a VNIR technique and developed a Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression model by combining cultures of three cyanobacteria taxa common in Canada (i.e., Anabaena, Microcystis, and Aphanizomenon) with a matrix of lake sediments to construct a calibration series. Spectral profiles from the calibration series were compared against HPLC-measured pigment concentration, thereby creating a tool to estimate the frequency and magnitude of cyanobacteria blooms in lakes across North America.

Changes in Sediment Mobile Phosphorus and Diffusive Flux in Blackhawk Lake after Aluminum Sulfate TreatmentWilliam James1, Joseph Bischoff2, Brian Beck2 and Eric Macbeth3

1University of Wisconsin – Stout, Menomonie, Wis., 2Wenck Associates, Inc., Maple Plain, Minn., 3City of Eagan, Eagan, Minn.

AbstractBlackhawk Lake, a shallow, eutrophic system located in the City of Eagan, Minnesota, was the subject of an aluminum sulfate treatment in the fall, 2013, to reduce internal P loading from sediment and control excessive cyanobacterial growth and metaphyton surface mats. The Al dosage was based on the concentration required to control the mean redox-sensitive P (redox-P) concentration determined in the upper 10 cm. Mean redox P was relatively high at 0.87 mg/g in the east basin and 0.921 mg/g in the west basin, resulting in Al dosages of ~ 130-145 g/m2, respectively. Sediment profiles collected in the west basin 1

y after treatment suggested that the less dense Al floc was primarily positioned on top of the denser original sediment. The Al concentration peak was located at 0-1 cm while the Al-bound P peak was situated at 2-3 cm, suggesting P sequestration. Redox-P concentrations were negligible in the Al floc but increased to a maximum of ~ 3 mg/g immediately below the Al floc in the vicinity of the original sediment surface (4-6 cm). Laboratory-derived rates of diffusive P flux under anaerobic conditions declined from a pretreatment mean of 8.0 mg/m2 d to 1.4 mg/m2 d post Al treatment (83% reduction). Although Al is currently controlling diffusive P flux, these very high redox-P gradients residing below the Al floc may drive future upward P diffusion into the floc and eventually become active in internal P loading.

Truesdale Lake and its Fight with EutrophicationChristian JenneState University of New York Oneonta Biological Field Station, Cooperstown, N.Y.

AbstractTruesdale Lake, located in Westchester County New York has a 2,000-acre watershed, with 51% in the state of New York and 49% located in Ridgefield, Connecticut. The lake has a surface area of 83 acres, with a maximum depth of four meters and a mean depth of about one meter. There are two primary Lake Associations, the Truesdale Estates Association (TEA) and the Truesdale Lake Property Owners Association (TLPOA). The two associations, plus other residence of the community make up around 300 homes that are within a quarter of a mile of the lake. Over the past 30 years Truesdale has been treated with copper sulfate to treat Harm Algal Blooms (HABs) in the summer and multiple herbicides to control Curly Leaf Pondweed (Potamogeton crispus). Although these symptoms are ineffectively treated, the overarching problem is the amount of phosphorus in the water system.

Monitoring Short Term Variation of Chlorophyll a Concentration and DO in Reservoirs and StreamsBomchul Kim, Sungmin Jung and Doohee WonKangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea

AbstractHigh-frequency monitoring of water quality is getting widespread due to the increase of availability of sensors. Data logging sensors of chlorophyll, DO, and turbidity were installed in a reservoir and an urban stream site. In the reservoir system, short term change of chlorophyll concentration was remarkable. However, the mechanism of short term variation is not clear, yet. Rapid drop of chlorophyll seems to be related with coagulation of phytoplankton and clay particles just after turbid runoffs of rain events. In an urban stream site, the changes of turbidity and DO in accordance with rainfall was remarkable. In urban streams organic ooze can accumulate at the bottom of sewer or ditches. When it rains water

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flow velocity increase and the organic ooze or sediments are resuspended to be discharged into main channel of streams. Consequently, turbidity and BOD can increase in the early phase of a rain runoff which can be called the first flush effect. During the first flush period turbidity increased drastically from <10 to 1,000 NTU. DO depletion occurred at the time of turbidity increase. Fish survival test using a cage showed that the water quality during the early phase of rain runoff is not suitable for fish survival. But fish is living in the streams and we need more information in order to explain the dilemma of fish survival in streams of occasional DO depletion.

Rushford Lake: An Interesting Case of an Extreme DrawdownEdward KwietniewskiState University of New York Oneonta Biological Field Station, Cooperstown, N.Y.

AbstractRushford Lake is a 700 acre (about 283 hectares) reservoir located in Allegany County, New York. The reservoir is a particularly unique system in that a drawdown of 9 to 18 meters (approximately 30 – 60 ft) is conducted every October 15. The lake is refilled by runoff every spring. No previous studies have been conducted on Rushford Lake to characterize it limnologically. This creates a special opportunity to study the effects of an extensive drawdown on a reservoir system in the Northeast. The purpose of this talk is to discuss current knowledge on the effects of drawdown and to see if any connections can be made to current observations on Rushford Lake’s characteristics and biota. With the typical drawdown to many lakes in New York State only being a few meters, it is important to ask: Does Rushford Lake’s Drawdown have the same influences as a typical drawdown or are there more management implications at play such as the flushing of nutrient rich waters? This information will assist in the creation of the reservoir’s first management plan.

Engaging Landowners in Limnology: The Fernan Lake ExperienceTrea LaCroix and Frank WilhelmUniversity of Idaho, Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, Moscow, Id.

AbstractIn recent years Fernan Lake has had no contact advisories because of toxic algae blooms which decrease the lake’s aesthetic and recreational value. Landowners in the catchment are eager to learn about their lake, its problems, and take action to improve water quality. This created a unique opportunity for a reciprocal learning partnership between landowners and scientists. Landowners contributed local knowledge, property and boat access, while scientists contributed research and subject expertise.

Because occurrence of the blooms was hypothesized to be related to the availability of excess phosphorus (P), one objective was to establish a thorough P mass balance. A

second objective was to engage landowners in this endeavor to help them gain knowledge and understanding of the functioning of their lake.

The mass balance showed a large load of P entered the lake, 86% of which was retained in the lake. We are exploring the influence of the timing of the inundation of wetlands at the east end of the lake in relation to operation of a low head dam used to raise the lake level for recreational purposes as a potential to mitigate blooms. Engaging the landowners has been rewarding and demanding. We need to be vigilant that we communicate in an easy to understand and jargon-free manner as well as provide continuing updates. In return, community awareness of the problem has increased and community members are willing to openly discuss all facets of remediation, including operation of the dam.

Demonstration of Scalable Analytical Methods for the Screening of Algae Bloom Contaminated Surface Waters by UHPLC-TOFMS Equipped with a Novel and Automated Analyte Search AlgorithmNicole Lenca1, Stephen White2, Frank A. Kero2, Jason Weisenseel3, Benjamin Southwell4, Bogdan Bogdanov5, Craig Young5 and Judy Westrick1

1Wayne State University, Detroit, Mich., 2PerkinElmer, Oak Brook, Ill., 3PerkinElmer, Johns Creek, Ga., 4Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste Marie, Mich., 5PerkinElmer, San Jose, Calif.

AbstractThe advantages for mass spectrometry (MS) testing platforms have previously been reported for both small molecule screening and peptide applications versus traditional ELISA methods at ppb levels. Of particular interest to this study is the emergence of MS as a means to monitor chemical markers of algae bloom contamination in surface waters. Time-of-flight (TOF) MS is ideal for this application, since researchers may not know the exact nature of contaminants for geographically isolated samples. Fast scanning TOFMS instruments offer identification by exact mass measurements and when paired with chromatographic separation tools (e.g., LC, UHPLC) will provide data that is more informing versus many orthogonal qualitative techniques. Preliminary method development was completed at the University of Central Florida (3 analytes) prior to technology transfer to the PerkinElmer Center of Excellence (Oak Brook, Ill.). The analyte panel was extended to 6 analytes, consistent with current trends in the field. Additional method optimization was required. Authentic samples of contaminated surface waters were obtained and prepared by Wayne State University (Detroit, Mich.) and shipped to PerkinElmer (Oak Brook, Ill.) for analysis. To maximize the utility of this platform, a novel software package has been developed to allow for further interrogation of this sample set data without the need for further analytical method development or re-injection of the sample. The current template allows for >30 analytes. It is anticipated this data analysis template will prove a valuable tool in related environmental surveillance applications.

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Eutrophication Modeling of Lakes with Significant Cyanobacteria PopulationsScott LoweManhattan College, New York, N.Y.

AbstractThe EPA QUAL2k model includes state of the art kinetics for eutrophication modeling of lakes. The nitrogen fixing ability of cyanobacteria pose a challenge for the typical algal kinetics in that an external source of nitrogen is used. This allows algae to grow without depleting the internal sources of nitrogen – ammonia and nitrate. The QUAL2k model kinetics were adjusted to account for this phenomena. The model was then tested using field data from a lake with known high cyanobacteria levels. As expected the model computed higher levels of nitrogen in the lake after the cyanobacteria adjustment. This allowed the model to match the measured lake nitrogen levels that previously it had significantly under predicted.

Sixberry Lake: Protecting an Oligotrophic Lake from Anthropogenic EutrophicationKathleen MareanState University of New York Oneonta Biological Field Station, Cooperstown, N.Y.

AbstractSixberry Lake is located in Jefferson County, N.Y. around 13 km from the St. Lawrence River. The lake is part of the Indian River Lakes region, a network of 18 natural lakes and the Indian River; 17 of these lakes drain into the Saint Lawrence River. While the Conservancy owns multiple properties in the area and is active in working to protect the collective watershed, the Sixberry Lake Association is responsible for its own lake management plan. The lake is around 27 m deep, cold, and oligotrophic with much of the incoming water believed to be from ground water sources. It has a mean depth of 14 m and a surface area of 51.8 ha. The most recent study of water quality data was undertaken in the summer of 2004. The 350 ha watershed contains little development or agriculture, therefore, the lake had not suffered from obvious anthropogenic eutrophication as other lakes in the region have. Based on observational reports collected in a survey of watershed residents there has been an increase in algae and the first noted occurrence of an algal bloom in September 2014; it appears the lake may be transitioning into a mesotrophic state. Watershed characteristics will be studied and chlorophyll a, total phosphorus and nitrogen, and water clarity data will be collected through 2016 to shed light on the underlying causes of the observed apparent shift in trophic status.

Technology Testing Results – Aquatic Filter Barriers to Reduce Nutrient Inflow into Lakes and PondsAndrew McCusker1, Karen Wilson2 and Colin Holme3

1Mackworth-Enviro, Scarborough, Me., 2University of Southern Maine, Gorham, Me., 3Lakes Environmental Association, Bridgton, Me.

AbstractAquatic filter barriers function by allowing water passage while filtering out suspended solids or creating a flow pattern and/or time delay to allow their settlement. Uses have included containment of storm-water derived sediments, with associated reductions of TSS levels, bacteria, and turbidity moving into reservoirs, lakes, or rivers. The specific application of aquatic filter barrier technology for reduction of nutrients from stormwater or stream flows into ponds or lakes has developed in recent years. Until now, there were limited applications for which performance measurements have been available (see McCusker et al., Poster Presentation, NALMS 2014).

During 2015, Maine Technology Institute funded a matching grant for Mackworth-Enviro to conduct testing of several variations of our Nutrient Removal Barrier technology. The project was conducted in coordination with Lakes Environmental Association and Dr. Karen Wilson (University of Southern Maine).

The study focused on fabrication and deployment of two test barriers, each containing six different treatment panels incorporating different filter media (all polypropylene, non-woven geotextiles) and two “polishing” media, to remove dissolved nutrients. Sampling of influent stream or stormwater flow was conducted, as water passed through the test panel.

Testing included turbidity, suspended and dissolved solids, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, phosphates and nitrates, chlorophyll a, and coliforms. Associated barrier performance data will be presented from field applications conducted in 2014 and 2015, for our barriers deployed in conjunction with lake restoration projects by Lake-Savers, LLC.

Aquatic filter barrier effectiveness and applicability for nutrient removal will be presented along with recommendations for further technology study.

Exploration of Spatial and Temporal Changes in Trophic Status of Lakes in the Northern Temperate Forest Biome Using Remote SensingAleksey Paltsev and Irena CreedWestern University, London, Ont., Canada

AbstractOligotrophic lakes in the temperate forests of eastern North America appear to be experiencing an increase in the frequency and duration of phytoplankton blooms. This has been the focus of numerous public and government reports, resulting in heightened concern on reporting of

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phytoplankton blooms. There is a vital need for detailed historical survey of numerous lakes, covering large spatial scales (>100 km2) and temporal scales (decades) to determine if public observations are accurate. In this study remote sensing was used to: (1) develop a regression model that relates chlorophyll a (chl-a) as a proxy of lake phytoplankton biomass to Landsat TM and ETM+ optical reflectance; and (2) apply this regression model to estimate chl-a in lakes within the Temperate Forest Biome in Ontario (Canada) over a 28-year period. Reflectance in Landsat band 3 (red) showed the strongest correlation with in situ data explaining 85% of the variance in chl-a (p < 0.001). Application of the regression model revealed a spatial pattern of relatively low chl-a (oligotrophic) in headwater lakes to higher chl-a (eutrophic) in lower reaches of watersheds, and cyclic structured pattern in the median chl-a with a different range and intensity of fluctuation over the 28-year period. These findings suggest that the recent increase in community-driven reports of phytoplankton blooms is not indicative of an actual increase in phytoplankton blooms in these lakes.

New York State Parks Boat Steward ProgramMegan PhillipsNew York State Parks, Albany, N.Y.

AbstractNew York State Parks (NYS Parks) received a two-year $400,000 Great Lake Restoration Initiative grant to place boat stewards at boat launches on waterbodies within the Great Lakes watershed. Stewards are tasked with educating the public about Aquatic Invasive Species (AIS) and helping prevent the spread of AIS by informing boaters that they should clean, drain and dry their watercraft after leaving and before entering a waterbody. Stewards conduct voluntary watercraft inspections and survey boaters on their knowledge of AIS and best practices.

In 2014, NYS Parks employed 8 summer seasonal boat stewards to conduct voluntary watercraft inspections and educate the public about boating best management practices to prevent the spread of aquatic invasive species. These 8 staff covered 17 boat launches, connecting with 7,000+ boaters and anglers. In 2015, we have hired 10 summer seasonal employees to work at 21 launch sites and have moved to tablets for data collection. Site locations are located along Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, the Niagara River, the St. Lawrence River, and Lake Champlain. NYS Parks has collaborated with several other groups, including the Department of Environmental Conservation, New York Sea Grant, the Finger Lakes Institute, and Paul Smiths to provide training for boat stewards, as well as educational materials and to increase the number of boat launches covered. The program has been highly successful and we look forward to sharing lessons learned with others interested in beginning their own boat steward program.

Exploring Thermal Stratification and Mixing of Lake Nipissing Embayments: An Analysis of High Frequency Buoy DataMegan Prescott1, Krystopher Chutko1, Dan Walters1, April Lynda James1, Mark Wachowiak2, Chris McConnell3, Huaxia Yao1,3, Andrew Paterson1,3 and James A. Rusak1,3

1Nipissing University, Department of Geography, North Bay, Ont., Canada, 2Nipissing University, Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, North Bay, Ont., Canada, 3Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Dorset, Ont., Canada

AbstractThere are an increasing number of algal blooms being reported from lakes on the Canadian Shield. Some of the factors contributing to this trend include increasing nutrient inputs, climate change, and public awareness. Lake Nipissing is a large (822 km2), relatively shallow lake on the Canadian Shield in Ontario that is considered mesotrophic. However, the bays around Lake Nipissing are considered eutrophic, and occasionally experience harmful algal blooms (HABs). The physical characteristics of the water column, in large part, determine the biological characteristics of a lake. As such, in 2014 buoys were deployed in three bays (Callander Bay, Cache Bay and West Bay) of Lake Nipissing to monitor the water column to better understand the physical processes that may contribute to internal phosphorus loading and HABs. The three buoys were equipped with temperature and light sensors at 1 m intervals. Two of the buoys were also equipped with a meteorological station (wind, precipitation, temperature, relative humidity) and EXO2 water quality sonde (pH, conductivity, turbidity, chlorophyll and total algae) that collected data on a 10-minute interval. The aim of this study is to analyze the high frequency buoy data to describe the thermal stratification and mixing events in each bay using the Lake Analyzer R package created by the Global Lake Ecological Observation Network. This poster presents a visualization of Lake Analyzer indices (e.g., Wedderburn Number, Schmidt Stability, Lake Number, Buoyancy Frequency, uStar) that describe mixing and thermal stratification in these bays which in turn influence internal loading and HABs.

Managing Eurasian Watermilfoil, Can Pulling Weeds Produce Results?Alejandro ReyesState University of New York Oneonta Biological Field Station, Cooperstown, N.Y.

AbstractEurasian Watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum), is a non-native submerged macrophyte widespread throughout the northeast. Its ability to rapidly colonize habitats and form dense monocultures makes it a superior competitor against native flora and can impede lake recreation. Brant Lake (Warren County, N.Y.), has been using a combination of benthic barriers and hand harvesting to manage milfoil since the early 1990s. The Brant Lake milfoil story is a unique one due to the fact that management was implemented before milfoil reached nuisance densities,

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contrary to traditional invasive species management. This early intervention made it possible to prevent milfoil from becoming a serious problem. In 2008, the Brant Lake Association hired Aquatic Invasive Management LLC, to harvest milfoil from the lake. From 2010 to 2014, 13,683 pounds of milfoil have been removed from the lake, with most of the pounds being removed in 2009 (8,825) and 2014 (4,794). Despite the large amounts of milfoil removed, there are still large knowledge gaps concerning milfoil distribution, overall size of the population and the role septic systems play in milfoil growth. An understanding of these characteristics should lead to a more cost effective management of the Eurasian Watermilfoil population in Brant Lake.

Temperature Trends for Lake Erie, Lake Ontario and Canandaigua Lake Based on Records Collected from Water Utility IntakesLeonard SchantzRochester Water Bureau (retired), Rochester, N.Y.

AbstractThe majority of published articles on temperature trends in lakes have analyzed temperature data that were collected near a lake’s surface. For this study, temperature records were analyzed that had been collected daily by water utilities at their intake pipe, which typically is located at a depth significantly below the surface. The depths of the three intake pipes studied ranged from 30 to 50 feet. The period of record (PoR) available for each lake was Lake Erie, 1927–2014; Lake Ontario, 1976–2014; and Canandaigua Lake, 1990–2014. Lake Erie trends were calculated for each PoR. Lake Ontario trends were calculated for 1976 and 1990 PoRs. The non-parametric Kendall test was used to calculate slopes (deg C yr-1) and statistical significance of trend lines. The rates of temperature change measured in this study were substantially less than rates reported in studies that had used surface temperatures. January, February and March slopes were generally near zero for all three lakes. Statistically significant slopes (p < 0.05) were generally measured from June through October for the 1927 and 1976 PoRs. The PoR of 1976 recorded the highest annual slopes for both Lake Erie (0.031 deg C yr-1, p = 0.002) and Lake Ontario (0.037 deg C yr-1 p = 0.006). Monthly and annual slopes for the PoR of 1990–2014 were generally not SS for all three lakes. Records collected by water utilities at their intakes can provide valuable information on the impact of climate change and should be investigated further.

Integrating a Phone App into the Northeast Regional Cyanobacteria Monitoring Pilot ProjectHilary Snook1, Bryan Milstead1, Dan Peckham2 and Shane Bradt3

1US Environmental Protection Agency, North Chelmsford, Mass., 2NEIWPCC, Lowell, Mass., 3University of New Hampshire, Durham, N.H.

AbstractCyanobacteria blooms are a major problem in waterbodies worldwide. In order to address this issue we need to develop robust monitoring programs capable of rapidly identifying blooms. While microscopic identification and manual cell counts remain the gold standard for bloom characterization these methods are expensive, labor intensive and require a high level of technical competency. An alternative approach is to use fluorometric analysis of pigments (chlorophyll and phycocyanin) as a rapid assessment tool to detect waterbodies that experience changes in cyanobacteria dominance. In New England (Conn., R.I., Mass., Vt., N.H. & Me.) a group of state officials, watershed associations, drinking water suppliers, and researchers are working together to develop monitoring protocols for lakes using portable fluorometers and unique phytoplankton/cyanobacteria separators. During the pilot program in 2014 over 100 lakes were sampled. In 2015 we are expanding the program to include new partners, to improve and refine data collection efforts, and to add portable microscopes that will allow crews to identify cyanobacteria in the field. Images of cyanobacteria will be sent from the field and/or laboratory, and initial identifications verified by experts in regional cyanobacteria taxonomy. To streamline data collection a phone app has been developed that will allow field crews the opportunity to share data as soon as they are collected. In this talk/poster we will discuss successes and challenges of regional monitoring coordination across state agency and citizen monitoring partners, integrating app-based data collection into existing programs, and methods for conducting surveillance cyanobacteria monitoring.

Mapping areas vulnerable to road salt in the Lake Simcoe watershedBill Thompson, Kelin Zhao and Brian GinnLake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority, Newmarket, Ont., Canada

AbstractIncreasing chloride concentrations associated with the winter application of salt to roads, parking lots and sidewalks is a trend seen throughout northeastern North America, and the Lake Simcoe watershed is no exception. This rapidly urbanizing watershed in central Ontario has been exhibiting increasing chloride concentrations for the past three decades. In order to assist municipal planners and road managers address this issue, a mapping tool has been developed that identifies areas in the watershed that are particularly sensitive to the application of winter salt. This model predicts average annual chloride concentrations in each of the watershed’s tributaries,

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based on salt application practices, and surface water and ground water flow volumes. The results of this model exhibit high correlation with long-term water quality monitoring data (r=0.95) and predicts that chloride concentrations range from 0 to over 24,000 mg/L, with 16% of the watershed exceeding the Canadian Water Quality Guideline for chloride (120 mg/L) on an average annual basis. Comparing these concentrations to published LC50 values for native aquatic organisms suggests that chloride is impacting aquatic biota in 64% of the Lake Simcoe watershed. Within those catchments, number of taxa potentially impacted range from 1 to 45. Scenarios developed using this model also identified areas where the greatest reductions in impact could be achieved with the implementation of best management practices, or increased through planned future urban growth.

Wisconsin’s New Healthy Lakes Initiative: Technical Assistance & Funding for Lakeshore Best PracticesPamela Toshner1 and Patrick Goggin2

1Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Spooner, Wis., 2University of Wisconsin – Extension Lakes Program, Stevens Point, Wis.

AbstractThe Wisconsin Lakes Partnership recently implemented a new statewide initiative providing technical assistance and funding for simple and relatively inexpensive shoreland habitat and runoff and erosion control best practices. “Healthy Lakes” is the outcome of a lean government project to streamline the administrative process for grant funding while simultaneously simplifying technical information for lakeshore property owners and lake groups, municipalities, and other partner organizations. Launched in late 2014, Healthy Lakes has already received positive feedback and widespread geographic interest. Public participation and lessons learned from social marketing studies shaped Healthy Lakes and will continue to be the keys to its success. Next steps include a user-friendly, autonomous website, program and best practice evaluation, and integrating the initiative into long-term administrative code. This session will include an overview of Healthy Lakes, including the five best practices being promoted.

“Natural” Variability of Macrophyte Communities in Glacial Lakes: Results from Repeated Whole-Lake Hydroacoustic and Species SurveysRay ValleyNavico, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn.

AbstractA range of disturbances at different scales affect macrophyte communities and thus the fish communities that use these habitats. Lake/Fisheries managers must understand underlying system variability to judge whether change in macrophyte growth in a managed lake is due to the macrophyte management action or natural variability. Past research demonstrates that interannual variability

in macrophyte abundance depends on lake productivity. Eutrophic lakes typically exhibit higher variability than mesotrophic lakes regardless of whether aquatic plants are being managed. I present results from multi-year point-intercept and hydroacoustic aquatic plant surveys on an unmanaged, native-only eutrophic Minnesota Lake and eutrophic Wisconsin Lake infested with Eurasian watermilfoil. Results demonstrate large changes in vegetation biovolume and invasive species dominance from year to year with no aquatic plant management. Consequently, monitoring reference conditions should complement any lake study or program where macrophytes are being manipulated.

Adaptive Management in the Control of Hybrid (Myriophyllum sibiricum x M. spicatum) and Eurasian Watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum)Scott Van Egeren1, Michelle Nault2 and John Skogerboe3

1Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Wis., 2Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Green Bay, Wis., 3Cold Water Environmental, LLC, Lake Elmo, Minn.

AbstractThe Wisconsin DNR has been working with researchers to develop strategies and use patterns to improve control of Eurasian and hybrid (Myriophyllum sibiricum x M. spicatum) watermilfoil (EWM and HWM) while minimizing damage to non-target plant species. While management goals have been met in many cases of EWM treatment, there are still remaining challenges to the management of these invasive plants such as potential herbicide tolerance and high water exchange.

DNR, lake associations and aquatic plant management consultants and manufacturers have been working together to experiment with new management techniques and evaluate the outcomes. Case studies will be used to illustrate adaptive strategies that are being utilized to improve control of HWM and EWM in a number of lakes. The challenges and successes of this experimental adaptive management approach at a statewide scale will be discussed.

Three Lakes, One Management PlanMaxine VerteramoState University of New York Oneonta, Biological Field Station, Cooperstown, N.Y.

AbstractEmerald Green is a 1400-acre community located in Rock Hill New York in the southwestern portion of Sullivan County. The private community encompasses a diverse three lake system adding up to 330 acres. Each lake is unique in its ecological functions and resource use. Louise Marie, the largest of the three lakes at 224 acres serves as the community water supply. The most adamant responsibility of the governing Property Owners Association is building invasive aquatic species awareness in order to prevent ecological and economic damage to their reservoir. Adjacent Louise Marie is Treasure Lake,

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which is surrounded by protected wetlands. Treasure, totaling 66 acres, has bog-like features providing a vital wildlife refuge. Both Lake Louise Marie and Treasure drain into Davies Lake. Also draining into Davies is the community waste water treatment plant effluent. Currently Davies has high phosphorus and nitrogen levels feeding an over productive algal community. This may be indicative of being a small 40-acre lake with a big watershed, in addition to point source pollution. The goal of this research project is to create a cohesive plan that will address each lake’s distinctive characteristics while also managing them as a collective watershed.

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Session D1: Adirondack Issues10:30 am - 12:00 pm | City Center Meeting Room 2

A Preliminary Investigation of Lake George (N.Y.) MercuryMark Swinton1,2, Richard Bopp2, Jeremy Farrell1,2, Brett D’Arco2, Jacob Meyers2 and Sandra Nierzwicki-Bauer1,2

1Darrin Fresh Water Institute, Bolton, Landing, N.Y., 2Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N.Y.

AbstractWhile the Adirondack Mountains are a “hotspot” for mercury, little research has been conducted on Lake George, “The Queen of American Lakes.” An initial mercury assessment of the watershed measured total mercury in stream seston, stream macroinvertebrates, native mussels, lake seston and fish. Stream seston mercury concentrations ranged from 130-540 ppb with the two most impacted streams having markedly different land-use, one undeveloped and the other draining a residential area. Interestingly, predatory stream macroinvertebrate mercury burden in the residential area was only ~1/4 of the undeveloped watershed, indicating substantial differences in bioavailability. Native mussels in the deltas of 6 major streams were low, all <100 ppb, similar to grazing stream macroinvertebrates. Mercury concentration in yellow perch ranged from 59 to 716 ppb; exceeding the 300 ppb EPA advisory in 50% of the fish exceeding 150 grams (~9 inches). Lake seston (0-10 m) mercury concentrations throughout the lake were generally below 400 ppb with one location, in a bay adjacent to a substantial wetland, exceeding 1000 ppb. Based on the results of this initial survey of total mercury levels in the Lake George basin, more detailed studies of stream macroinvertebrates and offshore seston have been planned with the overall goal to identify mercury “hotspots” within the watershed.

Lime Application as an Ecosystem Restoration Strategy for Lake Watersheds that are Recovering from AcidificationDouglas Burns1, Gregory Lawrence1, Daniel Josephson2, Charles Driscoll3, Karen Riva Murray1, Colin Beier3 and Clifford Kraft2

1US Geological Survey, Troy, N.Y., 2Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., 3Syracuse University, Syracuse, N.Y., 4State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, N.Y.

AbstractMany forest and associated freshwater ecosystems in New York’s Adirondack region have experienced deleterious effects resulting from acidic atmospheric deposition, commonly referred to as acid rain. Decades of acid rain have caused the loss of sensitive aquatic and terrestrial species in the region by acidifying soils and surface waters. Acid rain has decreased sharply since the 1980s due to the implementation of clean air regulations. Many previously acidified Adirondack lakes are showing improved chemistry


and evidence of incipient ecosystem recovery. Several factors, however, including the slow recovery of soils may be hindering regional ecosystem recovery. As a result, lime has been applied to surface waters and their watersheds to speed the recovery of highly valued species such as brook trout. We applied lime in three tributary watersheds at Honnedaga Lake in the southwest Adirondacks, one of seven sites where heritage brook trout strains in New York are found. Different lime application rates and strategies are being investigated in different parts of the lake watershed. Observations to date have shown improved brook trout recruitment in limed tributaries, which is likely playing an important role in population increases in the adjacent lake. Research is also exploring potential negative consequences of liming including increased mobilization of mercury, a known neurotoxin, as well as more favorable conditions for invasive earthworms. The investigators plan to provide guidance about appropriate rates and strategies for liming and benefits and potential risks of lime application to assist others interested in liming as an ecosystem restoration strategy.

Evaluation of Drawdown for Management of Native Aquatic Macrophytes in an Adirondack LakeJenna LeskovecState University of New York Oneonta Biological Field Station, Cooperstown, N.Y.

AbstractWindover Lake is a 100 surface acre lake located in the town of Johnsburg, Warren County, New York. With a maximum depth of 3.2 meters (10.5 feet), Windover Lake is quite shallow overall and prone to excessive growth of native aquatic macrophytes. Macrophytes include an extensive floating cover of Brasenia, Nuphar, and Nymphaea, and submergents like Chara. A 4.5-foot winter drawdown, every 5 years, has been used to control vegetation, with the last two occurring in 2008 and 2013. Annual full-lake rake toss survey data has been collected since 2008, as well as floating cover estimates from an annual aerial flyover. Identification of aquatic macrophytes to the species level will occur during the summer of 2015. This data, along with historical data, will be used to assess the effectiveness of drawdown for managing native macrophytes.

Sixberry Lake: Protecting an Oligotrophic Lake from Anthropogenic EutrophicationKathleen MareanState University of New York Oneonta Biological Field Station, Cooperstown, N.Y.

AbstractSixberry Lake is located in Jefferson County, N.Y. around 13 km from the St. Lawrence River. The lake is part of the Indian River Lakes region, a network of 18 natural lakes

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and the Indian River; 17 of these lakes drain into the Saint Lawrence River. While the Conservancy owns multiple properties in the area and is active in working to protect the collective watershed, the Sixberry Lake Association is responsible for its own lake management plan. The lake is around 27 m deep, cold, and oligotrophic with much of the incoming water believed to be from ground water sources. It has a mean depth of 14 m and a surface area of 51.8 ha. The most recent study of water quality data was undertaken in the summer of 2004. The 350 ha watershed contains little development or agriculture, therefore, the lake had not suffered from obvious anthropogenic eutrophication as other lakes in the region have. Based on observational reports collected in a survey of watershed residents there has been an increase in algae and the first noted occurrence of an algal bloom in September 2014; it appears the lake may be transitioning into a mesotrophic state. Watershed characteristics will be studied and chlorophyll a, total phosphorus and nitrogen, and water clarity data will be collected through 2016 to shed light on the underlying causes of the observed apparent shift in trophic status.

Session D2: Stopping the Spread of Invasive Species10:30 am - 12:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 1

Analysis of the First Year of a Strategic AIS Spread Prevention Plan for the Adirondack ParkMeg Modley and Eric HolmlundLake Champlain Basin Program, Grand Isle, Vt.

AbstractPartners in the Adirondack Region have been compiling their boat launch steward data from programs including the Paul Smiths College Adirondack Watershed Stewardship, Lake Champlain, Lake George and other lake association boat launch steward programs. The results led to the development of a white paper which includes an overview of AIS spread through overland transport and integrates the concepts of invasion spread hubs (lakes) with the data from the existing programs to geographically develop a map of where to prioritize stewards and boat wash/decontamination stations in the Adirondack Park. The summer 2015 field season is the first pilot year of implementation of the recommended AIS spread prevention program which was facilitated by the Adirondack Park Invasive Plant Program, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation and many other partners. An overview of the lessons learned from this pilot 2015 season will be shared and plans for 2016 will be discussed.

Keeping Invasives Out: Mandatory Boat Inspections on Lake George, the Queen of American LakesDavid WickLake George Park Commission, Lake George, N.Y.

AbstractLake George is one of the most pristine large lakes in the United States, with water clarity exceeding 40 feet. It is also one of the most heavily used recreational lakes in the Northeast, with thousands of boats on the lake on any given summer day. Lake George currently is host to five invasive species, which have cost many millions of dollars to manage and control over the past two decades. To address the ongoing threat of new introductions of invasives, the Lake George Park Commission worked over a period of two years to develop the best means to keep these invaders out. The result is a new mandatory boat inspection program, requiring all trailered boats to be inspected at one of six regional inspection facilities, ensuring a “clean, drained and dry” standard. Any boats not meeting that standard are decontaminated at the inspection facility. Thanks to combined funding from NYS and the communities and nonprofit organizations surrounding Lake George, there is no cost to the boater for either the inspection or the decontamination (if needed). This program saw its first year of implementation in 2014, and was seen as a resounding success. Given the Lake George region’s billion-dollar tourism economy, the importance of protecting this tremendous natural resource becomes clear.

Invaders at the Doorstep, Preventing the Spread and Establishment of Invaders into Brant LakeAlejandro ReyesState University of New York Oneonta Biological Field Station, Cooperstown, N.Y.

AbstractPreventing the establishment of invasive species has become a top management concern for many lake associations in the country due to their potential for serious ecological and economic impacts. Brant Lake, located within the Town of Horicon (Warren County, N.Y.) is one such lake addressing this issue. The 545 hectare (1,347 acre) water body with a watershed size of 10,117 ha (25,000 acres) is in close proximity to two major use waterbodies with potential invasive species (Lake George and Lake Champlain). These two waterbodies lie along interstate 87, which also link Saratoga Lake, Great Sacandaga Lake and the Hudson River, creating an interconnected network for invasive species to be transported. The use of boat stewards to patrol the one public boat launch is already in effect, along with the incoming boat decontamination station to be located nearby. These measures, along with strong education and outreach programs undertaken by various agencies located within the Adirondack Park, should have a positive effect in terms of preventing the establishment of invasive species.

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New York State’s Updated Aquatic Invasive Species Management PlanCatherine A. McGlynnNew York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, N.Y.

AbstractIn July 2015, New York State released its new Aquatic Invasive Species (AIS) Management Plan. The plan focuses on priority actions to reduce the introduction and spread of nonindigenous aquatic species into New York waters, to minimize impacts from existing AIS, and to engage the public in prevention and early detection efforts. The AIS Coordinator will provide updates on some of the work done to date: an aquatic plant survey on the Hudson River, research funded by New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, plans to increase rapid response capacity and public awareness, and development of a strategic plan for expanding watercraft inspection and boat stewardship programs statewide while increasing overall education and outreach capacity.

Session D3: Zebras/Quaggas/Asian Clams 110:30 am - 12:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 2

Interaction of Zebra Mussels and Water Quality in Lake Minnetonka, MinnesotaSteve McComas1 and Eric Fieldseth2

1Blue Water Science, Saint Paul, Minn., 2Minnehaha Creek Watershed District, Minnetonka, Minn.

AbstractThe interaction of native and nonnative aquatic species can influence aquatic community structure. Zebra mussels act as both a low impact and a high impact species but are influenced by water quality conditions of 26 semi-isolated bays in 5,880 ha Lake Minnetonka, Minnesota. Four years after the first zebra mussel observation, water clarity improvements have been significant enough in some bays to change the trophic status from eutrophic to mesotrophic or from mesotrophic to oligotrophic conditions. In some bays, phosphorus and chlorophyll have increased and in other bays, there has been little change. At the bay scale (50-200 ha) other trophic changes have occurred with pelagic production changing to benthic production. Zebra mussel densities ranged from 0 in Halsteds Bay to over 200,000/m2 in Wayzata Bay. The abundance and the type of algal species probably influenced zebra mussel densities within Lake Minnetonka and cyanobacteria are likely limiting the zebra mussel population in Halsteds Bay.

Zebra Mussel Prevention Campaign: Lake Waco, TexasJenna Walker1, Tom Conry2 and Nora Schell1

1City of Waco Water Utility, Waco, Tex., 2Baylor University, Waco, Tex.

AbstractZebra mussels reached Texas via a Minnesota boat in 2006. By 2009, live specimens were found in Lake Texoma. In 2013 the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) declared a restriction for 47 counties with possible infestations.

Faced with potential impacts of catastrophic proportions, the City of Waco staff developed a Zebra Mussel prevention plan that included monthly inspections and a response plan to keep zebra mussels from the intake of the lake to the treatment plant. In 2014, a cooperative education program was initiated with the TPWD and the City of Waco hired “boat inspectors” to intercept boaters entering Lake Waco – for education about zebra mussels. Twelve boats from infested lakes were stopped and inspected.

One month after the boat inspector program ended for the season, however, City of Waco staff discovered a small zebra mussel colony at a non-participatory site while conducting a routine inspection. The TPWD confirmed the presence on Monday, September 29th, 2014.

Based on the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the California Department of Environmental Protection research, installation of nine 35 × 150 foot tarps was initiated and completed on October 20, 2014.

On Tuesday, March 17, 2015, six of the deployed tarps were removed. Although a few viable zebra mussels were found, the majority of the colony was wiped out. The City of Waco will continue with all aspects of the prevention plan, including the boat inspector program.

Iodized Table Salt as a Potential Chemical for Zebra Mussel DecontaminationEric Davis1, David Wong2 and Willard Harman3

1State University of New York College at Oneonta, Oneonta, N.Y., 2Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, Worcester, Mass., 3Biological Field Station, State University of New York College at Oneonta, Cooperstown, N.Y.

AbstractThe spread of zebra mussels into new bodies of water is of great concern in the United States due to their economic and ecological costs. The use of chemical treatments is one method of spread prevention. Many studies focus on chemicals that are high quality and typically are expensive. Sodium chloride has been recommended as a mussel disinfectant for use in some aquaculture applications. The effectiveness of iodized table salt and high quality sodium chloride was examined in the fall of 2014 on adult zebra mussels. Both chemicals caused 100% mortality of mussels at 30000 mg/L in 24 h. At 10000 mg/L, iodized table salt caused complete mortality faster than the high grade sodium chloride. Complete mortality was caused by iodized table salt at 30000 mg/L at 18 h in the late spring

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of 2015. Complete mortality of veligers was caused by iodized table salt at 10000 and 15000 mg/L at 24 h while the high grade salt was effective at 18 and 24 h for the same concentrations. Neither salt was effective on at 5000 mg/L for either exposure period. Based on the results of the adult and veliger testing, iodized table salt can be an acceptable alternative for mussel disinfection. Equipment disinfection using iodized table salt is a good alternative because of its lower cost but similar effectiveness as high quality sodium chloride.

Combating Dreissenids in Open Water Environments and Water Transport Vectors with a Psuedomonas Based BiopesticideMegan WeberMarrone Bio Innovations, Inc., Davis, Calif.

AbstractNew zebra and quagga mussel infestations are discovered across North America each year. These damaging invaders cause significant economic harm by clogging industrial pipe systems, clogging boat motors, and making swimming beaches a hazard to bare feed, and ecological harm by altering food webs and colonizing native mussels. In already infested lakes, control options are needed to limit the damage caused by zebra and quagga mussels. In addition, control in potential vectors (such as transport water) can help keep the mussels out of lakes that have not been invaded.

In June 2014, the US EPA registration of a dead Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CL145A based biopesticde for use in open water environments provided an environmentally-compatible option for the control of these invaders in lakes and reservoirs. The registration of this product has sparked continued interest in how this product may be used in open water environments to mitigate the harmful impacts these mussels cause in infested waters. Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of the product against zebra and quagga mussels in inland lakes, its potential for use in native mussel habitat restoration, and its selectivity towards zebra and quagga mussels. This presentation highlights the work completed in 2014 with this product including veliger use patterns with potential for transport water treatment programs, a rapid response treatment in Minnesota, and investigations on application techniques for high energy environments, such as those experienced in the waters of Lake Erie. Future development goals and opportunities will also be discussed.

Session D4: Shoreline Restoration 110:30 am - 12:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 3

A Case Study of Callander-Wasi Watershed’s Restore Your Shore Program: Successes, Challenges and Lessons LearnedSue Buckle1, Sue Miller1, Melodie Tessier2 and Dan Walters2

1North Bay-Mattawa Conservation Authority, North Bay, Ont., Canada, 2Nipissing University, North Bay, Ont., Canada

AbstractOntario’s Clean Water Act and its regulations empower local agencies to work together to reduce threats to municipal drinking water sources. Harmful algal blooms occasionally threaten the municipality of Callander’s drinking water supply in Callander Bay. Several studies suggest a major contributing factor is erosion of particulate phosphorus from shoreline properties within the watershed. The five municipalities in the watershed were tasked by the North Bay-Mattawa Source Protection Plan to design and implement an education program to reduce phosphorus loading to the Bay. Using a community-based social marketing approach, the North Bay-Mattawa Conservation Authority lead a multi-stakeholder advisory committee, involving municipal and provincial government leaders, university faculty, and environmental and community group advocates, in the development of the Restore Your Shore Program to encourage property owners to plant vegetation along the shorelines throughout the contributing watershed. In addition to describing the collaborative process, we use interviews with committee members, staff, program participants and non-participants to provide a qualitative evaluation of the Restore Your Shore Program. Implementation began spring 2015, so quantitative data on the number of participants and the extent of shorelines planted will be available for the conference. There is an ongoing debate over the value of an integrated watershed management (IWM) approach to resolve local water resource issues. We seek to understand how integration is happening, not whether is it good or bad. We frame our case study discussion using the principles of IWM, and conclude with a description of the successes, challenges and lessons learned.

Lake Management Planning using the Sensitive Habitat Inventory Mapping Approach in the East Kootenay Region of British ColumbiaHeather Leschied1, Bruce MacDonald1, Peter Holmes2, Andrew McLeod3 and Kenton Andreashuk4

1Living Lakes Canada, Nelson, B.C., Canada, 2Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, Invermere, B.C., Canada, 3Regional District of East Kootenay, Cranbrook, B.C., Canada, 4Canadian Columbia River Intertribal Fisheries Commission, Cranbrook, B.C., Canada

AbstractSince 2006, the East Kootenay Integrated Lake Management Partnership (EKILMP) has been working together on the common issue of intensification of

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shoreline development for Kootenay Region lakes. The partnership is comprised of federal, provincial and local governments, First Nations and non-government organizations.

This collaborative approach has adopted Fisheries and Oceans Canada’s methodology for Sensitive Habitat Inventory Mapping (SHIM) in order to guide shoreline development in a manner that will protect existing fish and wildlife values, conserve ecosystems and species of conservation concern. SHIM provides decision-makers, planners, developers, landowners and government agencies with the tools required to make sustainable foreshore land use decisions. The resulting Shoreline Management Guidelines are used as an initial step when reviewing, planning for, or prescribing alterations along the shoreline, and informs lake management planning processes.

EKILMP has completed precedent setting Shoreline Management Guidelines for 9 lakes in the East Kootenay, and has spawned projects for 2 lakes in the West Kootenay, elsewhere in the British Columbia Interior, as well as the South Basin of Lake Winnipeg. Recently, the partnership has been investigating the potential to incorporate an Archaeological Overview Assessment into the methodology in order to ensure the protection of culturally sensitive areas for the region’s First Nations people.

Wisconsin’s New Healthy Lakes Initiative: Technical Assistance & Funding for Lakeshore Best PracticesPamela Toshner1 and Patrick Goggin2

1Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Spooner, Wis., 2University of Wisconsin – Extension Lakes Program, Stevens Point, Wis.

AbstractThe Wisconsin Lakes Partnership recently implemented a new statewide initiative providing technical assistance and funding for simple and relatively inexpensive shoreland habitat and runoff and erosion control best practices. “Healthy Lakes” is the outcome of a lean government project to streamline the administrative process for grant funding while simultaneously simplifying technical information for lakeshore property owners and lake groups, municipalities, and other partner organizations. Launched in late 2014, Healthy Lakes has already received positive feedback and widespread geographic interest. Public participation and lessons learned from social marketing studies shaped Healthy Lakes and will continue to be the keys to its success. Next steps include a user-friendly, autonomous website, program and best practice evaluation, and integrating the initiative into long-term administrative code. This session will include an overview of Healthy Lakes, including the five best practices being promoted.

Buffers for Blue Lakes – Expanding the Effectiveness of Lake Protection StrategiesPerry Thomas1,2 and Judy Davis1

1Federation of Vermont Lakes and Ponds, Montpelier, Vt., 2Vermont Agency of Natural Resources, Craftsbury Common, Vt.

AbstractOver the course of several years, Federation of Vermont Lakes and Ponds (FOVLAP) has used modest grants from the Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department, Green Mt Coffee Roasters, the Lake Champlain Fund, and the Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation Ecosystem Restoration Program in a concerted effort to expand the impact of lake protection strategies that improve water quality, flood resiliency, and habitat. We engaged consultants to help us: 1) improve our use of social marketing approaches, 2) enhance our website and our use of social media such as Facebook and Twitter, 3) develop unique educational materials that connect shoreland health and lake health, 4) engage lakeshore property owners in blueberry planting and follow-on outreach projects, and 5) develop lakeshore landscaping design templates.

From 2013 to 2015, our grants helped to fund 20 Healthy Shoreland workshops, as well as blueberry planting projects at over 150 lakeshore properties around Vermont. The Healthy Shoreland workshop, and a new video, “Littoral Habitat: Life in the Shallows,” were developed by Jeremy Deeds, an aquatic ecologist formerly with the Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation (now with the Lake Assessment Section of the Maine Department of Environmental Protection). These materials explore the connections among natural shoreland vegetation, shallow-water ecosystems, and overall lake health.

In 2014 and 2015, we created new educational materials and combined those materials with on-the-ground planting projects. FOVLAP has developed a booklet featuring lakeshore landscaping templates and native plant landscaping designs for specific shoreland solutions. These designs provided the foundation for 20 lakeshore planting projects installed in 2014 and 2015.

Session D5: Lake of the Woods Special Session10:30 am - 12:00 pm | Broadway 1 & 2

Lake of the Woods – From Science to Governance in an International Waterbody: An IntroductionJesse Anderson1, Nolan Baratono1, Anna DeSellas2, Andrew Paterson2 and Kelli Saunders3

1Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Duluth, Minn., 2Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Dorset, Ont., Canada, 3Lake of the Woods Water Sustainability Foundation, Kenora, Ont., Canada

AbstractLake of the Woods, covering 950,000 acres, is a waterbody of current and historical significance spanning the borders of Minnesota, Ontario, and Manitoba. This complex

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lake drains a primarily forested and wetland-dominated watershed, and is the drinking water source for over 750,000 people. In 2008, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency declared the Minnesota portion of the Lake as impaired due to exceedances of eutrophication criteria, triggering the initiation of a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) study. This declaration and anecdotal evidence by the public and resource managers of increases in the frequency and severity of late summer algal blooms brought considerable attention to the lake. Several TMDL projects are underway to understand the nature and extent of algal blooms and appropriate restoration strategies, including: development of nutrient budgets and an assessment of internal loading; reconstruction of the lake’s historical nutrient mass balance; and paleolimnological assessments of biological changes over time. The International Joint Commission recently formed a new Board mandated to monitor ecosystem health in the basin, and its Study Team just released a Plan of Study which includes recommended projects to address several priority areas: nutrient enrichment and harmful algal blooms, aquatic invasive species, surface and groundwater contamination, and cross cutting factors of climate change and hydrologic regulation. The Plan of Study includes 32 projects to fill data gaps within these priority areas. Specifics on several of these topics will be discussed in this presentation, and in other presentations in the Lake of the Woods themed session.

Despite Remedial Efforts, This Great Lake is Not Recovering as ExpectedEuan Reavie1, Mark Edlund2, Norman Andresen3 and Daniel Engstrom2

1Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minn., 2St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, Minn., 3Andresen Consulting LLC, Ypsilanti, Mich.

AbstractTo quantify the environmental history of the southern basin of Lake of the Woods (Ontario, Manitoba and Minnesota), seven cores were collected for retrospective analyses. Primary goals were to determine pre-European settlement conditions and track the timing and extent of anthropogenic impacts and remediation. Sediments were dated using radio-isotopic methods, and fossil-algal remains, in concert with other stratigraphic indicators (organic and inorganic materials, sedimentation rates, other biological entities), were used to reconstruct a ~150-year history of the lake. Diatom assemblages were assessed from sediment intervals, and inferred trophic conditions in the profiles were derived using a regional diatom-based model for Minnesota lakes. Nutrient reconstructions indicate a period of cultural eutrophication throughout much of the 20th century. Despite a known reduction in anthropogenic nutrient loading to the lake in recent decades, there has been no apparent reversal in eutrophication in the pelagic system. Contemporary observations suggest that blooms of blue-green algae are becoming a greater problem. It appears that legacy nutrient recycling and other environmental drivers are maintaining the current condition of pelagic nutrient enrichment.

Sedimentary analyses also indicate that a longer ice-free season and associated physical changes to the lake resulting from warming are probably contributing to the recent reorganization of algal assemblages.

A Historical Phosphorus Budget for Lake of the Woods: Legacy Loads Still Affect the Southern BasinMark Edlund1, Euan Reavie2, Shawn Schottler1, Nolan Baratono3, Andrew Paterson4 and Daniel Engstrom1

1St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, Minn., 2Center for Water and the Environment, Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota Duluth, Ely, Minn., 3Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (retired), International Falls, Minn., 4Dorset Environmental Science Centre, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Dorset, Ont. Canada

AbstractUsing basin-wide paleolimnological analyses, a historical phosphorus (P) budget was constructed for Lake of the Woods (LoW; Minnesota-Ontario). Sediment cores from seven bays were analyzed for radioisotopic dating, geochemistry (loss-on-ignition, phosphorus, silica), diatoms, and pigments. Pigments show increasing concentrations since damming through 1970, decreases in the 1980s, and increases again in the last 15 years. Diatoms suggest increased productivity and increased water column TP upcore with greater abundance of eutrophic species. Geochemical records were combined using sediment focusing factors to provide whole-basin estimates of the accumulation of bulk sediment, total phosphorus, and refractory and labile phosphorus fractions. Although historical estimates show that P loading is reduced since the 1960s, sediment phosphorus concentration and accumulation increase upcore. A substantial proportion of exchangeable and mobile P fractions suggests that a large pool of mobile sediment P is available for exchange. Several models were used to explore historical P loading scenarios and in-lake nutrient dynamics. Key results include, first, that P loadings were approximately 646 t P/yr before damming, nearly as high as current loadings. Second, burial rates of refractory P are increasing in LoW compared to pre-damming levels. Third, the labile P pool can only be accounted for if historical loading was larger. Fourth, the active P pool was much larger and at maximum size in the 1970s. Fifth, the legacy pool is currently being depleted to support modern levels of productivity. Last, the rate at which the pool is being depleted varies among models, but shows rapid depletion since the 1970s.

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Session E1: Think Globally, Act Locally1:30 pm - 3:00 pm | City Center Meeting Room 2

Floods and/or droughts? Adapting Watershed Management to Buffer the Impacts on U.S. LakesRebecca L. SchneiderDepartment of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.

AbstractAs the global temperatures continue to warm, regions of the U.S. are experiencing extremes of precipitation, either as high intensity rainfall events or extended dry spells, and sometimes, alternation of both sets of conditions in the same location from year to year. It will be critical to identify and implement strategies that can buffer lakes from the associated impacts of floods, droughts, and water pollution. Recent research has documented that current watershed management strategies are exacerbating the impacts of these extreme climate events. Specifically, the artificial networks of ditches alongside roads and agricultural fields are efficiently transferring stormwater runoff to streams, significantly contributing to flooding, and also causing stream dry-outs and water pollution. Disconnecting the ditches from the natural streams and improving their management, i.e., “re-plumbing” the artificial drainage networks, will help reduce the flooding when downpours occur. Increasing infiltration will also recharge the groundwater aquifers and minimize the impacts of drought. An overview of solutions for re-plumbing your lake’s watershed to buffer the impacts of climate change will be presented.

Lake Management in a Changing ClimateNancy TurykUniversity of Wisconsin Steven Point, Stevens Point, Wis.

AbstractLake management can be complex and challenging. Adding to this complexity are the uncertainties associated with the changing climate. This situation can enhance the uncertainty that accompanies predictions of a lake’s response to proposed management actions intended to improve conditions in a lake ecosystem. Increases in blue-green algal blooms and toxins, alterations in hydrology, increased duration of growing seasons, and extremes in temperature can alter the understanding of mechanisms within a lake and its watershed. Knowledge about anticipated changes to the climate and the ability to obtain place-based data, predictions, and tools to aid management decisions are essential for lake managers to make informed long-term decisions in the changing climate. A multitude of Information and tools related to freshwater resources and climate change adaptation are being compiled and developed by federal agencies; however, assimilating this information and how it might be used can onerous. This session will provide an overview of key freshwater-related adaptation tools and programs that have been developed

by federal agencies. Relevant goals will be discussed along with some of the accomplishments that have occurred at the national level.

Lake Observer: A Mobile Application for Crowdsourcing Lake- and Water-Related Data across the GlobeKathleen C. Weathers1, Holly A. Ewing2, Kenneth Chiu3, Lisa Borre1, Benjamin B. Chrobot4, John D. Mihalko3 and Prashant Bansal3

1Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, N.Y., 2Bates College, Lewiston, Me., 3State University of New York Binghamton, Binghamton, N.Y., 4Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass.

AbstractMobile apps for data entry and display are rapidly gaining ground as effective tools for collection and display of scientific data. The Lake Observer app began in 2010 as a partnership among computer, ecosystem, and citizen scientists working with the Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON). Project partners were interested in developing a tool that allows for easy submission of geo-referenced data using a smartphone or tablet. A mobile app was developed that allows users to record and submit data on weather, water quality measurements, ice cover, and aquatic vegetation while working in the field.

A pilot version of the app was tested for three field seasons on lakes in the northeastern US. Testing revealed how understanding of cyanobacteria blooms, for example, could be enhanced with greater spatial and temporal coverage possible through crowdsourcing data. In 2014, GLEON teamed up with USGS and Esri, as part of the White House Climate Data Initiative, to further develop the app and create a crowdsourcing platform that will facilitate the collection and sharing of lake- and water-related information across the globe. Beta testing of a new version of the Lake Observer app will begin in June 2015, and in partnership with US EPA, it will be tested during the 2015 Secchi Dip-In. Preliminary findings from the 2015 test will be shared along with plans for an ice cover test over the winter (in the Northern Hemisphere) and a full launch in 2016.

Controlling Climate Change Consequences on Catchments through Canopy CoverAmy Lee Hetherington1, Rebecca L. Schneider1, Lars G. Rudstam1, Mark A. Baran1 and M. Todd Walter2

1Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., 2Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.

AbstractAs a consequence of global warming, significant water temperature increases are predicted for a range of water courses worldwide affecting eutrophication, ecosystem processes, and biodiversity. Adaptive watershed management strategies must be identified, investigated, and implemented to mitigate climate change effects on

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aquatic resources. The goal of this study was to understand the role of tributary contributions to lake temperature regimes and the ability of streamside canopies to buffer climatic impacts on tributary temperatures. This study was conducted within 207 km2 Oneida Lake and its 3579 km2 watershed located in central New York using a suite of complementary approaches, including field-based monitoring, experiments, GIS analysis, and modeling. The temperature of Oneida Lake is driven by its wide, shallow morphology influenced by a tight coupling of air and water temperatures. Canopy cover reduced daily temperature extremes in a small, low flow stream and pan study suggesting this process will apply in the headwaters of the watershed cooling waters during peak daytime solar radiation and air temperature periods. Additionally, in unshaded reaches, nighttime cooling may help ameliorate daytime heating before waters reach the lake. Although, once the waters flow together into wider, higher order reaches of the stream, the canopy shading effect is eliminated and these waters are directly exposed to solar radiation with resultant heating likely dependent on flow rate. This study contributes to our understanding of climatic impacts on freshwater and provides insights into how proper watershed management can mitigate the impacts of climate change and control temperature increases.

Session E2: Hydrilla Management1:30 pm - 3:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 1

Hydrilla Monitoring Along the Hudson RiverChris DoyleAllied Biological, Inc., Hackettstown, N.J.

AbstractIn late October 2013, a New York Botanical Garden project survey team discovered Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrilla) in the Croton River system (Village of Croton-on-Hudson, Westchester County, N.Y.) while conducting a rare species inventory. Hydrilla is a relatively new invader to New York, with limited distribution. Documented Hydrilla populations in New York occur on Long Island (8 – 10 sites), in a small pond in Orange County, N.Y., and several small private ponds in Broome County. Extensive infestations have been documented in the Cayuga Lake Inlet (Tompkins County) and the Erie Canal/ Tonawanda Creek (Tonawanda, Erie and Niagara Counties). In 2014, Allied Biological, Inc. conducted a detailed aquatic macrophyte inventory of the Croton River System, using Point Intercept Aquatic Plant Mapping Methods at 354 GPS-referenced locations. The study found that Hydrilla is well established throughout the entire length of the Croton River (Allied Biological 2014). In 2015, with funding provided by the New England Interstate Water Pollution Control Commission (NEIWPCC) and the Lower Hudson Partnership for Invasive Species Management (LH PRISM) Allied Biological will utilize Point Intercept Aquatic Plant Mapping methods to survey 43 different sites on the Hudson River for the presence of Hydrilla. Survey locations were selected by the New York State Department

of Environmental Conservation, prioritized according to distance from the Croton River and range over 50+ miles along the Hudson River. The results of our study shall be presented, including individual site maps of target aquatic plant species, as well as a detailed discussion on the logistics of managing a large aquatic plant mapping project in a short window of time across a variety of habitats.

Initial Documentation and Management of Hydrilla in Harveys Lake, Luzerne County, PennsylvaniaMichael Hartshorne and Fred LubnowPrinceton Hydro, Exton, Pa.

AbstractHarveys Lake is the largest natural lake, by volume, in Pennsylvania. It is located in Luzerne County, west of Scranton. Nuisance algal blooms and high fecal coliform counts in the late 1980s prompted a Diagnostic / Feasibility Study which was completed in 1992 and a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) which was established for total phosphorus in 2002. From 2002 to 2014, a variety of watershed based best management practices were implemented at Harveys Lake resulting in improvements in water quality.

While improvements in water quality were produced as a result of reducing the annual TP load entering Harveys Lake, an unforeseen water quality problem appeared in 2014. Specifically, during Princeton Hydro’s routine early summer water quality monitoring event, the exotic species hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) was identified in Harveys Lake near the public boat launch. Hydrilla is an extremely aggressive, invasive species that has the potential to easily outcompete native species, including two species of pondweed in the Lake that are recognized by the State as being species of special concern. Grant funds already allocated to Harveys Lake under the State’s Non-Point Source Pollution Program (Section 319(h) of the Clean Water Act) were used to conduct a detailed aquatic plant survey of Harveys Lake to delineate the distribution and relative abundance of hydrilla. This presentation will present on the findings of the aquatic plant survey, the status of hydrilla in Harveys Lake and a recommended approach to implement measures to eradicate, or at least substantially control, this nuisance species.

Status of Monoecious Hydrilla Management Efforts in a Mesotrophic Alpine Lake in Western MarylandMark Lewandowski1, Lee Karrh1 and Mark Heilman2

1Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Annapolis, Md., 2SePRO Corporation, Carmel, Ind.

AbstractSince 2014, the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR) has implemented a Hydrilla Management Plan in response to the discovery of the monoecious biotype of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) in Deep Creek Lake, Maryland. Deep Creek Lake is a 3,900 acre mesotrophic

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alpine lake that supports a wide range of recreational uses and habitat for aquatic life. During routine monitoring of submerged aquatic vegetation in 2013, biologists discovered hydrilla in the southern end of the lake, which was the first observed sighting of hydrilla by DNR. Following consultation with an expert panel to advise on the best course of action, DNR implemented management using pelleted Sonar® formulations (a.i., fluridone) in June 2014, when divers determined growth had begun in most of the areas. FasTEST monitoring and vegetation surveys documented effective, selective control of monoecious hydrilla with Sonar rates measured between 1 – 2.5 ppb near the bottom of partial treatment zones ranging in size from 5 – 29 acres. In 2015, treatment efforts with Sonar pellet formulations continue with slight expansion to additional areas where new hydrilla finds have been detected. The presentation will highlight two-year results of hydrilla control efforts that DNR hopes, in combination with public outreach and education, can eradicate or control hydrilla and maintain the healthy balance of aquatic vegetation in Deep Creek Lake.

Eradication of Monoecious Hydrilla from the Southern End of Cayuga Lake, Ithaca, N.Y.Robert JohnsonRacine-Johnson Aquatic Ecologists, Ithaca, N.Y.

AbstractThe discovery in the late summer of 2011 of the monoecious biotype of Hydrilla verticillata growing in the Cayuga Inlet, a major tributary to Cayuga Lake in upstate New York lead to a rapid response in delineation and monitoring followed by initiation of treatments now in the fourth year. Regular meeting of local and State Hydrilla Task Force members, as well as national advisors plan the path forward to eradication which is required to halt the spread to other Finger Lakes and to the wider Great Lakes region. The primary treatments are diverse formulations and varying delivery methods of the herbicides Endothall and Fluridone. To a lesser extent hand removal has been used, but the affected system under heavy use by the public is very complex with large tributaries flowing into a large lake. Key to our current success has been acceptance by a wary public and a robust treatment that responds to the findings from a large scientific monitoring effort. An encouraging rapid depletion (close to 100%) of the hydrilla tuber density in the sediment (key to eradication) has been frustrated by movement of hydrilla to new areas by swift flowing streams. The rapid reduction of monoecious hydrilla tubers from the sediment and the slow seasonal initiation and growth of the plant will be described. Current progress in 2015 will be defined as specific treatments and applications timed to plant biology along with data describing effects on target and non-target plants.

Session E3: Zebras/Quaggas/Asian Clams 21:30 pm - 3:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 2

Quantifying the Impacts of a Shift in Benthic Dominance from Zebra to Quagga MusselsBrian Ginn1,2, Amanda Conway2 and Raymond Bolton1

1Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority, Newmarket, Ont., Canada, 2Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont., Canada

AbstractLake Simcoe is the largest inland lake in southern Ontario that, like Lake Champlain or the Finger Lakes, can serve as a proxy for environmental studies on larger systems such as the Great Lakes. Since 2010, we have recorded a rapid decline in the population of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha), an invasive species that since their 1995 arrival in the lake, has increased complexity in benthic habitats, shunted energy cycling toward the nearshore zone and its benthos, and extirpated native mussels. As in some Great Lakes (Erie, Michigan, Ontario), this decline in zebra mussels has coincided with the expansion of its congener, the quagga mussel (D. rostriformis bugensis). Using annual monitoring of benthic macroinvertebrates, we have tracked the consequences of this change in the dominant, ecological engineering, species on other benthic taxa; as well as the implications of another invasive species, the Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus), expanding through the ecosystem, and the effects these changes have on our strategy to restore this lake to an ecologically sustainable state.

Lake Havasu Water Quality & Quagga Mussel Monitoring StudyHeidi McMaster, Janet Kirsch, Dana Anat, Jessica Stegmeier and Marc MaynardUS Bureau of Reclamation, Boulder City, Nev.

AbstractQuagga mussels were discovered in Lakes Mead, Mohave, and Havasu in 2007. State regulations authorized by the Aquatic Invasive Species Interdiction Act were put into effect in 2009. In October 2009, Reclamation staff began a pilot study to collect data on quagga mussel veliger abundance. Data collected included Secchi disk depth, Eureka multiprobe profiles, and zooplankton tows. The pilot study established five sampling locations across Lake Havasu. In July 2013, the pilot study shifted to a more robust water quality monitoring program with the addition of chlorophyll, total phosphorus, and phytoplankton. Furthermore, combined inorganic nitrogen was added in May of 2014. Cladocera species have a greater biomass through the system than other divisions of zooplankton (50%). Annual bivalvia averages have remained steady and only account for 2% of the total biomass average. The Bacillariophyta division of phytoplankton accounts for 44% of the total biovolume with Chrysophyta comprising 12%. Chlorophyll a averaged 2.28 mg/m3 for all locations with July and September having approximately double the averages for all other months in 2014. Total phosphorus

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averages 0.0077 mg/L throughout the lake; however, phosphorus levels increase an order of magnitude during storm events. Higher chlorophyll levels appear to be directly correlated with water clarity, higher levels leading to decreased water clarity. There does not appear to be a correlation between water clarity and quagga veliger abundance in Lake Havasu. Continuation of the monitoring program is essential to understanding the reservoir and the many variables affecting the ecosystem.

Efforts to Use Elevated pH and Benthic Barriers to Eradicate Asian Clams (Corbicula) from Idaho’s Great Lake, Lake Pend OreilleFrank Wilhelm1, Christine Moffitt2, Elizabeth Braker1, Bob Kibler3, Joe Noonan1 and Tom Woolf4

1Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Id., 2US Geological Service Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Moscow, Id., 3US Fish and Wildlife Service, Boise, Id., 4Idaho State Department of Agriculture, Boise, Id.

AbstractAsian clams are non-native bivalves introduced to North America in the 1930s to provide food for humans. The clams are ideal invaders because they are hermaphroditic, highly mobile in sediments, siphon and pedal feeders with filtration rates up to 8 gal/ind/day, prolific reproducers at warm temperatures, and have a 2–5 yr life span. Their presence negatively affects aquatic ecosystems by decreasing aesthetics from accumulation of shells, and disrupting the flow of energy by transferring organic matter and excreted nutrients to the benthos. In addition, their shells result in high deposits of calcium on the benthos which may facilitate other invasive species. Unchecked invasions can rapidly become problematic as evidenced in lakes Tahoe and George where costly control programs using benthic barriers to smother the clams are now underway. In 2012, a population was found in Lake Pend Oreille, a 382 km2, >350 m deep, oligotrophic lake in northern Idaho which is important to the regional economy. Because of the small area infested, we used non-porous rubber benthic barriers combined with sodium hydroxide to increase the pH under the barriers to attempt to eradicate the clams. We were interested in combining benthic barriers and elevated pH because high pH has been shown effective against Asian clams in laboratory trials aimed to identify potential decontaminants of ship ballast water. Several factors such as elevated lake level from early spring runoff and low lake pH challenged our effort, but important lessons were learned in this field trial using sodium hydroxide.

Towards Understanding the Relationship of Corbicula fluminea and Chaetogaster limnaeiJeremy Farrell1, Annabelle Feist2, Alex Pezzuoli1, Renee Loeffel1, David Winkler1, Steve Resler3 and Sandra Nierzwicki-Bauer1

1Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Darrin Fresh Water Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Bolton Landing, N.Y., 2Emma Willard School, Troy, N.Y., 3InnerSpace Scientific Diving, Albany, N.Y.

AbstractAsian clams (Corbicula fluminea) were dissected weekly during the growing season of 2014 from three locations on Lake George, New York. In one of these locations, Chaetogaster limnaei, a small transparent worm, was observed in the gills of dissected clams collected in July and August. Chaetogaster limnaei has only been reported in association with Asian clams twice before in the literature with no well documented detrimental impacts between the species. Chaetogaster was observed most commonly in the gills of clams that were brooding juveniles. The distribution of Chaetogaster was limited to a small area within the bay (Boon Bay) of the initial observation but not in dissected clams at the other locations, despite comparable sampling efforts at each location. Abundant reproductive success was evidenced by the presence of small clams in the fall at the two locations where no Chaetogaster was found. However, very few small clams were observed at the location where Chaetogaster was present, with the population having a greater abundance of larger adult clams. Experiments will be performed during the summer of 2015 to determine if the relationship between Chaetogaster limnaei and Corbicula fluminea impacts the reproductive capability of Asian clams.

Session E4: Shoreline Restoration 21:30 pm - 3:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 3

Developing and Sustaining a Lakeshore Habitat Restoration Training for Professionals in Wisconsin, USAPatrick GogginWisconsin Lakes Partnership / UW-Extension Lakes, Rhinelander, Wis.

AbstractThe Wisconsin Lakes Partnership embarked on offering a three-day certification program on “Lakeshore habitat restoration training for professionals” in 2014. Sixty+ people have been certified in the program over the first two years as part of Crews 1 & 2. Participants experienced a two-day classroom session that reviewed state standards and regulations, permitting, designing and implementing conservation practices, strategies for forming partnerships and working effectively with lakefront property owners on projects, and basics of restoring habitat along lakeshores including soils ID, native plant selection, and other site analysis steps. Cost-share funding and grant resources that support lakeshore restoration were featured as well, as were Green Industry and county partner profiles, monitoring and maintenance strategies, and a primer on

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erosion control assessment and techniques. The third day of the training involved taking an exam and participation in a field day as part of the North American Stormwater and Erosion Control Association-Wisconsin Chapter’s fall field day at the American Excelsior lab in Rice Lake, Wisconsin. Field day participants were taken through assorted field stations that demonstrated erosion control products and allowed attendees to speak with product representatives. Partakers also were shown various bmp’s properly and improperly installed and other habitat restoration techniques in a hands on forum. Future directions of the program include refining the course materials, widening participation by green industry and tribal partners, and bolstering web resources that support practitioners of lakeshore habitat restoration in Wisconsin.

The Search for the Holy Grail: Lake Biocriteria Development in VermontKellie Merrell1, Leslie Matthews1, Perry Thomas1, Steve Fiske1 and Jeremy Deeds2

1Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation, Montpelier, Vt., 2Maine Department of Environmental Protection, Augusta, Me.

AbstractClimate change, lakeshore habitat destruction, nutrient enrichment, aquatic invasive species, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, endocrine disruptors, mercury and acid deposition are some of the stressors to our lakes. It is beyond the capacity of the state of Vermont to use chemical and physical monitoring techniques to measure the effects of each of these stressors on its lakes. However, biological assemblages are direct measures of aquatic life use while also being integrators of multiple stressors. In 1998, the US Environmental Protection Agency published a Technical Guidance Document for Lake and Reservoir Bioassessment and Biocriteria. Since then, scientists at the Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation have been investigating the phytoplankton, macroinvertebrate, sediment diatom and macrophyte assemblages of lakes in the Northeast; on a quest to find the best combination of biological measurements to use to assess the total ecological health of a lake. Each assemblage has posed different challenges to the quest. Currently, efforts are focusing in on the use of littoral macroinvertebrates, sediment diatoms and macrophytes. This presentation will describe the current state of these investigations on lake biomonitoring in Vermont and the lessons learned to date.

Cumulative Effects of Shoreline Development in Northern Minnesota LakesDonna Dustin1, Bruce Vondracek2, Jennifer Keville2 and Jessie Schmidt2

1Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Detroit Lakes, Minn., 2University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minn.

AbstractLakeshore development and associated in-water recreation can alter nearshore structural habitat. During 2011–2012, we sampled nearshore fish, vegetation and woody structure in 28 mesotrophic, north-central Minnesota lakes. We

used docks as the indicator of development and the study lakes ranged from 0 to 24 docks per km. Abundance and prevalence of emergent and floating leaf plants was highest at lakes with less than 12 docks/km. Low emergent and floating leaf vegetation values occurred across the entire range of development intensity, but the highest values were in lakes with low development. We found the same pattern for a number of fish species and several component metrics of the fish index of biotic integrity. Development intensity is not the only factor that determines habitat quality, but high development density may play an important role in limiting individual lakes’ potential to maintain healthy fish communities.

Utilizing a Diverse Local/Statewide Partnership to Deliver Education to Lake Residents Focused on the Benefits of Natural Shoreline Landscapes to Protect Michigan’s Inland EcosystemsBindu Bhakta1,8, Julia Kirkwood2,8, Jim Brueck3,7, Laura Zigmanth4,7, Michele Arquette-Palermo5,8, Kathleen Dougherty6, Bethany Perris2,8 and Sue Tepatti2,8

1Michigan State University Extension, Pontiac, Mich., 2Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Lansing, Mich., 3Native Lakescapes, LLC., Clarkston, Mich., 4EcoChic Landscape Design Inc., White Lake, Mich., 5Clinton River Watershed Council, Rochester Hills, Mich., 6Oakland County Parks and Recreation, Waterford, Mich., 7North Oakland Chapter, WildOnes, Clarkston, Mich., 8Michigan Natural Shoreline Partnership, Lansing, Mich.

AbstractAccording to the US Environmental Protection Agency’s National Lake Assessment, the biggest problem in the nation’s lakes is poor lakeshore habitat. With more than 11,000 inland lakes in Michigan, there are many threats to shoreline and shallow water areas. Over time, increased shoreline development has resulted in the removal of native vegetation at the shoreline, resulting in unstable shorelines and loss of habitat, both of which negatively impact lake ecosystems.

In an effort to help residents understand lakes and their shorelines, the Michigan Natural Shoreline Partnership (MNSP) was formed in 2008 as a public/private partnership consisting of governmental agencies, green industry associations/representatives, academic institutions, and environmental and nonprofit organizations that promote natural shoreline management. MNSP’s mission is to promote the use of natural shorelines through the use of green technologies and bioengineered erosion control for protection of Michigan’s inland lakes.

Oakland County, Michigan is home to over 1,400 lakes and 4 major watersheds. The 2004 estimated value of roughly 29,000 waterfront parcels was $10.6 billion. Maintaining this combination of economic/aesthetic/ecological value and lake access hinges upon healthy lake ecosystems. Since 2012, Michigan State University Extension (MSUE) has coordinated workshops taught by MNSP-trained “Shoreline Educators.” Practices presented focus on those that create stable shorelines protected from waves and erosion, serve as natural features to prevent runoff, and provide suitable

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habitat value while maintaining aesthetic value of and access to lakes. For those considering implementation of similar educational initiatives, program basics, case studies, outcomes, lessons learned, success stories, and next steps will be discussed.

Session E5: The “O” in H2O 11:30 pm - 3:00 pm | Broadway 1 & 2

Reservoirs as Part of the Water Treatment System: A 20-Year Retrospective of Norfolk, Va. Aeration SystemsWilliam Cumbie1, Gary Schafran2, David Rosenthal3 and Edwin Snyder, III4

1Pancopia, Inc., Hampton, Va., 2Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Va., 3Norfolk Department of Utilities, Norfolk, Va., 4CH2M Hill, Newport News, Va.

AbstractIn the early 1990s the City of Norfolk embarked on a comprehensive water master plan to efficiently and economically meet the requirements of the upcoming SDWAA regulations. Part of the strategy involved reducing disinfection byproducts in the finished water and two basic strategies were considered: Install Ozone and BAC at a capital cost of $60M or install lake aeration and change disinfection practices and disinfectant at a capital cost of $20M. Pilot testing of lake aeration began in the early 1990s and promising data resulted in full-scale lake aeration being implemented in 1996 for a total capital cost of $4.5M. The system has operated successfully for almost 20 years with no significant failure and has permitted Norfolk to successfully reduce it disinfection byproducts.

This paper will focus on the decision to implement lake aeration, and the engineering aspects of the system including design of the compressor facilities and operation of the aerators. Data on water quality improvement will be presented to validate Norfolk’s decision to treat its raw water reservoirs as part of the water treatment system instead of embarking on improvements at the plants that were several times more expensive.

Aeration’s Effect on Algae: A Review of Success and FailuresPatrick GoodwinVertex Water Features, Pompano Beach, Fla.

AbstractBottom aeration is a restoration tool commonly used for improving multiple aspects of lake health, including the occurrence of algal blooms and the quality of algal assemblages.

The intense mixing brought about by artificially aerating a lake can affect an algal community by: (i) increasing dissolved oxygen concentrations and changing the lake’s water chemistry (pH, carbon dioxide and alkalinity), which can lead to a more desirable shift in an algal community; (ii) reducing levels of internal nutrient cycling within a lake,

which reduces the large amount of nutrients used to sustain algal blooms; (iii) decreasing the amount of solar energy available for photosynthesis; (iv) favoring algal species that tend to sink quickly and need mixing currents to remain suspended in the upper water column (e.g., diatoms); and (v) mixing algae-eating zooplankton into deeper, darker waters, thereby reducing their predation by sight-feeding fish, and increasing their ability to graze on algae cells.

This presentation discusses the current literature regarding aeration’s effect on lake algal communities and outlines successes and failures associated with this lake management approach, along with the major factors that tend to influence the outcome of any aeration based management strategy.

Ammonia Oxygen Demand Determination for the Design of an Oxygenation System in a Water Supply ReservoirArmond Jenkins1, Francisco Cubas1, Adil Godrej2 and Thomas Grizzard2

1Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Ga., 2Virginia Tech, Manassas, Va.

AbstractThe Occoquan Reservoir is a eutrophic reservoir that is part of an indirect potable reuse system. To protect the reservoir water quality, a high quality nitrified product water from a water reclamation facility and an oxygenation system are used during periods of thermal stratification to prevent the onset of anaerobic conditions above the sediments. During the stratified warmest months of the year, oxygen depletion rates exceed nitrate and artificial oxygen supply rates near the dam resulting in ammonia accumulation in the water column. Field observations and laboratory experiments revealed that sediment ammonia release rates ranged from 170-542 mg/m2∙day. At such rates, ammonia concentrations above the sediments reach values as high as 5.6 mg-N/L in the absence of nitrate and oxygen, and values as high as 2 mg-N/L when the oxygenation system is operational. A thorough analysis on ammonia cycling revealed that for the years studied, hypolimnetic ammonia oxygen demand may reach values as high as 77 metric tons of oxygen during a stratification period of 140 days. Furthermore, ammonia oxygen demand represented 20-100%, and in some cases more than 100% of the hypolimnetic oxygen demand estimated from oxygen depletion curves, which are commonly used to design oxygenation systems. Finally, it was determined that to satisfy ammonia oxygen demand in the reservoir, it is necessary to provide three times the oxygen demand estimated from the oxygen depletion curves. These results highlight the importance of estimating benthic fluxes of reduced substances into the water column (e.g., ammonia) when designing oxygenation systems.

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Long-term Observations of Lake Oxygenation: From Laboratory, to Pilot, to Third Generation SystemGary Schafran1, William Cumbie2, David Rosenthal3 and Edwin Snyder4

1Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Va., 2Pancopia, Inc., Hampton, Va., 3City of Norfolk, Norfolk, Va., 4CH2M Hill, Newport News, Va.

AbstractIn preparation for changes to US drinking water regulations and faced with treatment challenges from temporally-varying reservoir water quality, the City of Norfolk, Virginia in 1989 initiated a laboratory and then pilot study of reservoir oxygenation that 25-years later has evolved into a third generation hypolimnetic aeration system enabling Norfolk to meet new drinking water regulations and realize dramatically improved reservoir water quality conditions. The effort began with assessment of reservoir oxygen demand through field-based and laboratory oxygen demand studies used to size aeration equipment. Intensive monitoring over a decade was used to develop an understanding of first the baseline conditions and then to assess changes to reservoir water quality associated with the operation of a hypolimnetic aeration system. The water quality information gathered guided decisions on system changes in Lake Prince and then expansion of the system into Western Branch Reservoir that after a decade eliminated the accumulated, long-term sediment oxygen demand that stymied efforts in early years to mitigate manganese release from sediments. This presentation will highlight water quality changes that occurred and were associated with aeration system operations and the long-term apparent “burnout” of sediment oxygen demand needed to achieve control of manganese release into the water column. Engineering details of the system (both within the lake and land-based) will be provided in a companion paper as well as capital and operational expenses and savings the City of Norfolk realized through lake oxygenation that avoided more expensive capital and operational changes at the City’s water treatment plants.

Session F1: Voice of Experience3:30 pm - 5:00 pm | City Center Meeting Room 2

Voice of Experience – “And to think that I saw it on Mulberry Street” a Neophyte Amongst Limnology Master ScientistsTom ConryBaylor University, Waco, Tex.

AbstractPeople. Homo sapiens. Hoi polloi. Mortals. Kin. Citizens. Humans/Humanity.

Lake users or anthropogenic pollution sources? Or both?

Muse for my career or bane of my existence? “Peeps” – especially those related to me or that I know really well are the reason to strive for understanding of the complexities of

aquatic systems, a lifelong obsession not unlike searching for the perfect fishing hole. It is a journey of love and frustration.

My journey is akin to a ball bearing in a pinball machine – pulled in one direction (gravity), but sure to get bounced or “flipper-ed” into another. But, Oh the things that I’ve seen – and to think that I saw it on Mulberry Street!

Voice of Experience Based on 40 Years in MissouriJack JonesUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, Mo.

AbstractI arrived at the University of Missouri in the mid-1970s knowing that I had been transported to the land of reservoirs. Fortunately, Vollenweider and others were linking conditions in the water column of natural lakes to the watershed and these concepts were transferable, with modification, to constructed lakes. I wrote down 3 very simple research questions for the study of Missouri reservoirs: What are they like? What determines their current condition? Are they changing over time? These questions have guided the work and progress has been made in each case, with some surprises and remaining inscrutabilities. Not totally satisfied by the local landscape I also ventured off into what has been described as the “adventure series” (work in Costa Rica, Alaska, South Korea, Thailand and Nepal). Findings in these locations provided a nice contrast to work in Missouri. My association with NALMS dates from the 1980 meeting in Portland and I’ve greatly benefited from friendships and scholarly exchange.

Phase III, Call Me TobyDick OsgoodOsgood Consulting LLC, Duluth, Minn.

AbstractI have had my dream job. I was trained and educated as a lake scientist and limnologist, but in my career, I have managed lakes. I was fortunate to have begun my professional career at the same time lake management was first recognized as a profession – so I developed as a lake manager simultaneously with the development of the field of lake management. I have learned some lessons along the way and, I hope, have made some positive contributions. As I shift to Phase III, I will continue to be involved in lake management as well as other interests. Here is my story. [Toby is a dead raccoon …]

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Session F2: Phytoplankton Studies3:30 pm - 5:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 1

Examination of the Zooplankton Community of Lake George (N.Y.) with Regards to Basin DifferencesAlexander Pezzuoli1,2, Jeremy Farrell1,2, Lawrence Eichler1,2, Charles Boylen1,2 and Sandra Nierzwicki-Bauer1,2

1Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N.Y., 2Darrin Freshwater Institute, Bolton Landing, N.Y.

AbstractLake-wide chemical monitoring since 1980 has shown an increase in chlorophyll a concentrations throughout Lake George (N.Y.), with the greatest increase in the southernmost basin. Long term increases in chlorophyll, coupled with the recent introduction of the invasive spiny waterflea (Bythotrephes longimanus) represent changes to the lake ecosystem that have a potential to alter the zooplankton community. This study examines differences in the zooplankton communities between the five major sub-basins, and compares the current diversity and distribution with historical data. The southernmost basin of the lake, where the majority of urbanization is located, supports a greater peak zooplankton density. While the most commonly encountered species in the lake remain consistent with previous studies across all five sub-basins, the southern sites have contributions from rotifer species that are rare or absent in the northern sites. The most common species unique to the southern sites, Conichilodes dossuarius, which had not been previously recorded in Lake George, and Trichocera sp. are recognized as potential indicators of higher nutrient concentrations. Since the southern end of Lake George is more developed than the northern end the zooplankton community is likely being influenced by the differences in development between the basins.

A Quantitative FlowCAM® Analysis of Diatoms in Otsego Lake, New York, with an Emphasis on Method ImplicationsBritney Wells and Leslie HasbargenState University of New York at Oneonta, Oneonta, N.Y.

AbstractSediment cores were analyzed to investigate environmental change over the last 90 centuries in Otsego Lake, N.Y. based on diatom taxa and abundance. Diatoms are a common paleolimnological proxy for environmental change: highly sensitive to environmental conditions and well-preserved in sediment. Two cores, one at a shallower location and one deeper, were observed at various depths below the sediment-water interface. Three methods to obtain absolute diatom abundances were tested. Loose interpretations were made through ImageJ® and photomicrographs to classify Pennales and Centrales into further morphological groups based on their shape outline, size and internal anatomy. FlowCAM®, a benchtop particle analyzer, photographed and counted particles from a sample through a fluid stream. FlowCAM® software

(VisualSpreadsheet) was used to quantify the results; automatic classification was attempted using library functions, though returned many non-target particles. Ultimately, diatoms observed with FlowCAM® were counted manually. Alternative pretreatment and processing techniques could improve automation of the analysis; step-wise analysis using FlowCAM® with both 4× and 10× objectives in addition to pretreatment of samples with hydrogen peroxide would improve diatom image quality and identification when methods were implemented. Diatoms occurred at a higher abundance in the deeper core; definitive identification to species level was not possible in most cases.

Investigating the Relationship of Zooplankton and Land Use in Small Eastern New York LakesJames Tucci, John Farrell and Brandeis BrownDepartment of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, State University of New York School of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, N.Y.

AbstractZooplankton play an integral role in the function of aquatic food webs and may serve as indicators of productivity, biodiversity and ecosystem health. The objective of this study was to describe variation in the zooplankton community structure and its association with physical and chemical variables for small lakes in the Hudson-Hoosic watershed of eastern New York State. Zooplankton were collected from 25 small lakes (4.8-111.4 hectares in size) by vertical tows during summer 2013. Counts and identification of 50 organisms per sample were made via the use of a compound microscope. Specific conductance along with other variables were measured and a water sample was collected to analyze for nutrients. Conductivity is a known structuring variable for freshwaters along human disturbance gradients due to variation in invertebrate sensitivity. Therefore, lakes were divided into three specific conductance groups that represented the range of observed conditions. Significant differences (one-way ANOVA) were observed among groups in diversity (p=0.007), dominance (p=0.006) and richness (p=0.006). Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed particular zooplankton species associations with percent forest cover, human development, water temperature, and stratification (Monte Carlo Test, 998 permutations; p= 0.035). The zooplankton community structure differed among lakes in relation to the land use, physical, and chemical variables. These results can serve as a baseline for the examination of future changes.

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A Method and Device for Plankton SeparationNancy Leland1, James Haney2 and William Young3

1Lim-Tex, North Andover, Mass., 2Univeristy of New Hampshire, Durham, N.H., 3Aquatic Research Instruments, Hope, Id.

AbstractWe present a method for the physical separation of plankton utilizing the natural phenomena responsible for vertical migration. We have developed a device that provides the conditions necessary to initiate and direct the movement of zooplankton resulting in positive phototaxis. Similar conditions concurrently initiate the process of respiration in cyanobacteria resulting in positive buoyancy. Experiments were conducted to evaluate separation efficiency for zooplankton as measured by zooplankton biomass, microcystis equivalents and chlorophyll a. Routine surveillance monitoring samples were evaluated using fluorometric techniques to determine the relative contribution of cyanobacteria to the phytoplankton assemblage and the potential for bloom formation.

Session F3: Stormwater Studies and Management3:30 pm - 5:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 2

Low-Cost Management of Stormwater Runoff for a Rural Lake CommunityStephen Souza and Amy DeBuckPrinceton Hydro, LLC, Ringoes, N.J.

AbstractLake Giles, a 120-acre glacial lake, is part of the Blooming Grove Rod and Gun Club, Blooming Grove, Pennsylvania. The water quality of this meso-oligotrophic waterbody is significantly challenged by the runoff generated from the multiple narrow gravel roads traversing the lake community. In some areas the roads are relatively steep and lack the typical infrastructure associated with paved roads. The roads are consistently in need of maintenance and are the primary source of pollutant loading to Lake Giles.

The main access gravel road leading to the Lake Giles Boat House and Boat Launch was prioritized for the implementation of easy to construct, easy to maintain roadway stormwater management BMPs. The BMPs had to decrease the volume and rate of stormwater runoff, correct existing erosion problems, and roadway runoff before it’s discharged into the lake.

A detailed inspection of the roadway documented specific erosion and stormwater management problems. The sub-watershed areas drained by the roadway swale system were delineated. LIDAR topographic data was super-imposed on aerial photographs to create a base map used to identify and illustrate the roadway problem areas and the locations of the recommended corrective BMPs. An easy to construct and maintain stormwater system of linked BMPs was developed. Highlights of the system include a rain garden,

the re-grading of the road to facilitate uniform sheet flow, in-swale energy dissipaters, shallow bioretention basins, and two multi-baffled catch basins. This paper presents the construction details for each of the recommended BMPs.

Save the Rain’s Balanced Green-Gray Approach Pays Dividends for Onondaga CountyMatthew Marko1,2, Tom Rhoads3 and Robert Kukenberger4

1CH2M HILL, Syracuse, N.Y., 2State University of New York ESF, Syracuse, N.Y., 3Department of Water Environment Protection, Onondaga County, N.Y., 4CDM Smith, Syracuse, N.Y.

AbstractOnondaga County, New York became the first community in the US to sign a consent judgment requiring green infrastructure (GI) to abate combined sewer overflows (CSO) and improve water quality in Onondaga Lake and its tributaries. On average, 6.1 billion gallons of wet weather is generated by the Metropolitan Wastewater Treatment Facility (Metro) service area, spread over 7,660 acres. The Amended Consent Judgment (ACJ) now strikes a balance between Green and Gray infrastructure and has become known across the country as the Save the Rain program. Since the historic ruling in 2009, Save the Rain has completed over 165 projects and removed over 100,000,000 gallons of runoff from the combined sewer system through GI. Save the Rain is investing significantly in monitoring (both flow and water quality) to promote the stormwater management model (SWMM) as a tool for advanced strategic planning, not just compliance.

The revised program has provided multiple benefits to the community: CSO Reductions, Water Quality Improvements, Regulatory Compliance, Sewer Infrastructure Rehabilitation, Civic Infrastructure Rehabilitation, Community Interest and Support, Voluntary Community Infrastructure Contributions (Rain Barrels, Rain Gardens, Tree Planting), Integrated planning process consistent with EPA vision, Saving Money, and more. In 2013, Save the Rain won the coveted U.S. Water Prize and hosted the USEPA GI Community Summit.

This presentation will include planning, design and operation/maintenance information of green and gray infrastructure that can be used by owners, engineers and operators who are engaged in CSO and SSO abatement projects.

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Determination of Changes in Water Quality, Streambed Sediment, and Benthic Macroinvertebrates as a Result of Stormwater Runoff from Selected Bridges in South CarolinaCeleste Journey1, Andral Caldwell1, Kevin Conlon2 and William Falls1

1US Geological Survey, Columbia, S.C., 2US Geological Survey, Sullivan’s Island, S.C.

AbstractStormwater runoff from highways may be treated by structural or non-structural systems before discharging to receiving waters. In South Carolina, the majority of stormwater enters receiving waters without treatment through evenly distributed bridge deck openings (for example, scuppers). Even though numerous studies have been conducted to analyze stormwater quality from highways and, to a lesser extent, bridges to receiving waters, no specific studies have been conducted in South Carolina. However, the potential exists for the quality of the stormwater from bridge decks to be affected by many factors, including bridge deck area, daily traffic volume, and atmospheric deposition.

In June 2013, the US Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation, began a multi-year investigation to quantify the downstream changes in receiving water-quality conditions during periods of observable stormwater runoff from 6 selected bridge deck locations in South Carolina. In 2014, 2 of the 6 bridges were selected and representative upstream (not bridge affected) and downstream (bridge affected) locations were identified. The receiving water at the bridge deck sites was sampled and analyzed for nutrient, metal, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and fecal indicator bacteria concentrations. Water-quality samples were collected during 14 non-storm (upstream location only) and 6 storm sampling events (upstream and downstream locations), by using a Lagrangian equal-width-increment sampling protocol. Additionally, comparison of sediment-quality conditions and benthic macro-invertebrate community structure at upstream and downstream locations from selected bridge decks were used to assess cumulative effects of stormwater runoff on receiving water. Preliminary findings will be presented.

Implementation of Equine Facility BMPs within the Kitchell Pond, N.J. WatershedStephen Souza1, Sally Rubin2, Kelly Doyle1, Michael Westendorf3 and David Helmer4

1Princeton Hydro, LLC, Ringoes, N.J., 2Great Swamp Watershed Association, Morristown, N.J., 3Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N.J., 4Morris County Parks Commission, Morris Township, N.J.

AbstractKitchell Pond is an impoundment of Loantaka Brook, the primary tributary of the Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge. Although Kitchell Pond is highly eutrophic it is a prominent feature of the Loantaka Brook Reservation,

a heavily used, park managed by the Morris County Park Commission (MCPC). The Seaton Hackney Equine Center (SHEC) located immediately upgradient of Kitchell Pond is part of the park system. The SHEC encompasses over 30 acres, consisting of barns, stables, riding rings, and various pastures.

319(h) funding obtained through New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, which was creatively leveraged by the project partners, was used to implement a comprehensive stormwater management program designed to reduce pollutant SHEC’s loading to Kitchell Pond. The primary project element involved the implementation of green-infrastructure stormwater management measures that decreased SHEC’s runoff volume and pollutant load. This included the restoration of a highly impacted riparian corridor and adjacent high-marsh wetland abutting the SHEC which provided passive, vegetative stormwater BMPs capable of passively treating a large amount of the runoff from the turnout pastures. The project partners also used the project to launch the Gold Medal Equine Farm program, an award program which promotes the implementation of small, easy-to-implement, horse friendly stormwater BMPs at equine facilities and stables. This paper presents the design and construction details of the SHEC’s BMPs, the BMPs’ pollutant removal and performance data, and summarizes the project’s overall benefits on the water quality of Kitchell Pond.

Session F4: Water Quality Monitoring3:30 pm - 5:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 3

Evaluating 25 Years of Recovery in Upper Saranac Lake, New YorkCorey Laxson and Dan KeltingPaul Smith’s College Adirondack Watershed Institute, Paul Smiths, N.Y.

AbstractAnthropogenic impacts to the Upper Saranac Lake watershed have been occurring for over 130 years. The ecological degradation became widely recognized in 1989 – 1990 when a series of persistent cyanobacterial blooms plagued the lake. Of the numerous nutrient sources in the watershed, the most influential discharger was determined to be the Adirondack Fish Culture Station, a hatchery operated by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation for over 100 years. Facing litigation from the Upper Saranac Lake Association, hatchery management initiated strategies to significantly reduce phosphorus discharge into the lake beginning in 1993. Since that time, surface water concentration of total phosphorus and chlorophyll a have exhibited a significant decrease. However, bottom water concentrations of phosphorus are still elevated. Despite significant reductions in phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentration, the transparency of the lake has significantly decreased over the study period. Dissolved oxygen depletion continues to be an issue in Upper Saranac Lake, particularly in the north basin where nearly one half of the water column experiences hypoxia during summer stratification. The

Abstracts


hypolimnetic oxygen depletion rate decreased significantly in the south basin of the lake; however, the re-occurring hypoxia in the shallower north basin has shown no signs of recovery. Analysis of 25 years of historical data indicates that trophic condition of Upper Saranac Lake has experienced partial recovery from its degraded state in early 1990s, although impact from multiple environmental stressors may be masking the typical signals of trophic recovery.

Evaluation of the Use of Remotely Sensed Data for Operative Monitoring of Water Quality Changes in Off-stream Reservoirs in Southern CaliforniaSeyoum Gebremariam, Rich Yates and Ric De LeonMetropolitan Water District of Southern California, La Verne, Calif.

AbstractAvailability of remotely sensed (satellite) data with high spectral, temporal and spatial resolution sufficient to depict the dynamics of drinking water supply reservoirs presents a unique opportunity for developing satellite-based lake and reservoir water quality monitoring tools. While applied remote sensing research over the last three decades have clearly shown a greater potential of using remotely sensed data for monitoring inland waters, its application for the purpose of operative monitoring of drinking water reservoirs water quality is still not well established. Moreover, with harmful algal blooms more often threatening drinking water supplies due to changing climate and continued nutrient pollution entering water ways, lake and reservoir managers need unconventional monitoring tools that allow them to proactively manage water quality problems. Towards this end, a survey of previously reported research findings was conducted to determine the level of current practice of using remotely sensed data for lake management and identify limitations, difficulties and technical needs necessary to develop remote-sensing-based reservoir monitoring tools. Feasibility of the use of satellite data for operative monitoring of drinking water reservoir was also examined by retrospectively applying the technique to Landsat satellite data to characterize various algal bloom events encountered in recent years in multiple reservoirs operated by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWDSC). Results indicate that remotely sensed data can be used for operational monitoring of MWDSC’s reservoirs to detect changes in water quality but difficulties still exist in discriminating phytoplankton functional groups.

Lake Water Quality Trends in Rhode IslandElizabeth Herron and Linda GreenUniversity of Rhode Island, Kingston, R.I.

AbstractThe URI Watershed Watch (URIWW) program, Rhode Island’s largest volunteer water quality monitoring program has amassed a database of more than 300,000 records from over 250 lake, pond, river, stream, salt

pond and marine sites throughout Rhode Island and into southeastern Connecticut. Having started with fourteen lakes in the Wood-Pawcatuck watershed in 1988, we now have up to 27 years of comprehensive water quality data on a dozen sites, and hundreds more with at least three years of monitoring data. This presentation examines the long-term trends becoming apparent in Rhode Island’s lakes including cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) blooms that have become annual occurrences in a number of locally important lakes. The value of volunteers, both as the collectors of water quality information but also as users of that information, will be highlighted.

Has Lake Buchanan Crossed a Threshold? Eutrophication in a Hardwater ReservoirAlan Groeger1 and David Bass2

1Texas State University, San Marcos, Tex., 2Lower Colorado River Authority, Austin, Tex.

AbstractA 30 year sampling record in the subtropical reservoir Lake Buchanan has shown significant trends in a number of variables indicative of eutrophication, including increasing chlorophyll a and decreasing water clarity in the surface waters. In particular though, water chemistry trends in the summer hypolimnion, indicating an increasingly severe decrease in redox potential, suggest that a threshold was passed where the hardwater nature of the water column is no longer capable of moderating the effects of eutrophication. These deepwater trends include increased internal nutrient loading (SRP and TP, NH4

+, and TKN), SO4

2- reduction, and generation of CO2 and alkalinity. Changes in land use within the drainage basin (Colorado River, Texas) have seemingly been quite modest over this record, and it is not clear that external nutrient loading has increased to the reservoir. In this talk we will explore the reasons for this increase in productivity and possible management options for ameliorating the problem into the future.

Session F5: The “O” in H2O 23:30 pm - 5:00 pm | Broadway 1 & 2

Using Remotely Deployed Sensors to Support Hypolimnetic Oxygenation System OperationPaul Gantzer1 and Ben Cross2

1Gantzer Water Resources Engineering, LLC, Kirkland, Wash., 2Collville Confederated Tribes, Omak, Wash.

AbstractThermal stratification occurs naturally in water bodies in temperate latitudes, both from warming of surface waters during summer and ice formation in the winter. The resulting density gradient between the epilimnion and hypolimnion minimizes dissolved oxygen (DO) replenishment to the hypolimnion, promoting hypoxia when hypolimnetic oxygen demand (HOD) exceeds available hypolimnion oxygen content. Oxygenation

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systems are used to improve water quality by increasing DO; however, effective operation of these systems requires reliable data. Tracking oxygen content via traditional methods such as a multi-parameter data sonde is cumbersome and time consuming. For water bodies having very high HOD and/or experience severe winter conditions, manually collected data often misses key periods to track HOD, which is needed to adequately operate oxygenation systems. Several remote DO sensors were deployed to track oxygen content in the hypolimnion of naturally formed lake (North Twin Lake, WA) that has a linear bubble-plume oxygenation system. The DO sensors are programmed to collect hourly data and are connected to telemetry (Verizon modem) during the summer. During winter, the telemetry buoy is removed but sensors continue to collect data on a submerged data logger, which is downloaded following ice off in spring. The remote data provides continuous feedback during summer operation, but more importantly, provides winter and spring HOD, which is used to set initial oxygen flow rates. Addition of the remote sensors has provided a substantial savings in man hours and oxygen usage.

In situ Incubation for Sediment Oxygenation Demand: Special Application to Long-term Assessment of Hypolimnetic OxygenationPaul Gantzer1 and Barry Moore2

1Gantzer Water Resources Engineering, LLC, Kirkland, Wash., 2Washington State University, Pullman, Wash.

AbstractEcological impacts of heavy accumulations of organic matter in sediments are among the most common and persistent lake management/restoration issues worldwide. Sediment oxygen demand (SOD) drives internal cycling of nutrients and metal contaminants, and is both a symptom and cause of eutrophication and toxicity problems in lakes. Efforts to accomplish in situ sediment oxygenation in lakes with highly organic sediments have constituted a major focus of lake restoration science for almost 8 decades. However, methods for quantification of, especially in situ techniques, have been less well studied, in spite of the central role of SOD in lake ecology and oxygenation system sizing, operation, and performance. Studies that quantify SOD changes following oxygenation, especially in the long-term, are rare.

In this presentation, we examine whole lake changes in oxygen demand following over 2 decades of hypolimnetic oxygenation in Newman Lake, Washington, USA, where a Speece Cone, was installed in 1992. Its principal purpose is to prevent hypolimnetic oxygen depletion and to maintain an aerobic sediment/water interface. In 2015, we utilized in situ chambers to directly measure SOD in Newman Lake hypolimnetic sediments. We coupled these in situ rates with standard dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion measures, sediment incubations, and induced oxygen demand models to assess whole lake demand prior to, and following hypolimnetic oxygenation. We also discuss results of modifications in in situ SOD methods that may allow for multiple replicate incubations to be performed on single

deployments. Data from our work is being used to guide decisions on hypolimnetic oxygen system repair, upgrades, and future operations.

Effects of Side Stream Hypolimnetic Oxygenation on the Hydrodynamics of a Shallow, Eutrophic ReservoirChris Chen1, Alexandra Gerling2, John Little2, Chengwang Lei1 and Cayelan Carey2

1University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, 2Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.

AbstractManaging water quality in water supply reservoirs is crucial for preventing water quality degradation from natural phenomena, such as hypoxia and algal blooms. One method for maintaining and improving water quality in lakes and reservoirs is hypolimnetic oxygenation. While effective at adding oxygen into the water, oxygenation systems may erode the thermocline, which causes hypolimnetic warming and can potentially lead to premature destratification.

A side-stream supersaturation hypolimnetic oxygenation (SSS) system installed in Falling Creek Reservoir (FCR), Virginia, has been found to be effective in adding oxygen to the hypolimnion while maintaining thermal stratification. The present study investigates the dynamics of the induced water flows and oxygen transfer while operating the SSS system, using a coupled water jet model with a 3-D hydrodynamic model in conjunction with field experiments. The near-field temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles of jets obtained from both the numerical simulation and field experiment are shown and discussed to identify the mechanisms of jet flows and oxygen transfer in stratified water. The operation of SSS system is found to warm the hypolimnetic water and weaken thermal stratification, but the magnitude is much lower than for other oxygenation systems (e.g., bubble plume system) especially in a shallow reservoir such as FCR. This study also shows that adjusting the flow and oxygen saturation rates affects the performance of the SSS, providing optimization suggestions for the future design and operation of the SSS system in FCR.

Aeration Systems for Tampa Bay Water’s C.W. Bill Young Regional ReservoirMark Mobley1, Bob Kortmann2 and Paul Gantzer3

1Mobley Engineering, Inc., Norris, Tenn., 2Ecosystem Consulting Service, Inc., Coventry, Conn., 3Gantzer Water Resources Engineering, LLC, Kirkland, Wash.

AbstractThe 15.5-billion-gallon C.W. Bill Young Regional Reservoir was completed by Tampa Bay Water in 2005. Cracks in the reservoir’s interior lining necessitated a $129-million reservoir renovation project, which was undertaken by Kiewit Infrastructure Group in 2103 and 2014. As a part of the renovation, the original aeration systems for the reservoir were redesigned and replaced. Aeration system operation was designed to use hypolimnetic layer aeration (HA) when the reservoir water surface elevation (WSE)

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was in excess of elevation 110 feet, and Diffused Air Destratification (DA/D) artificial circulation when WSE is below elevation 110 feet.

Aeration towers designed by Ecosystem Consulting Service were fabricated with a unique concrete construction to provide hypolimnetic layer aeration. The seven towers are capable of adding 4,228 kg per day to the reservoir below elevation 97 feet and providing a 206 MGD water flow rate at a compressed air feed rate of 1,200 SCFM.

The Diffused Air Destratification (DA/D) system is composed of line diffusers designed and installed by Mobley Engineering to provide the artificial circulation. The three diffuser lines total 15,000 feet of length and provide the capacity to circulate the reservoir volume below elevation 110 feet once every 2 days. The plumes of the DA/D system were designed for sufficient momentum to reach the surface when activated following the transition from HA Tower operation.

This presentation will include a description of the design and construction of the aeration systems as well as initial water quality results in the reservoir.

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Session G1: Case Studies in Lake Management 18:30 am - 10:00 am | Broadway 1 & 2

Truesdale Lake and its Fight with EutrophicationChristian JenneState University of New York Oneonta Biological Field Station, Cooperstown, N.Y.

AbstractTruesdale Lake, located in Westchester County New York has a 2,000 acre watershed, with 51% in the state of New York and 49% located in Ridgefield, Connecticut. The lake has a surface area of 83 acres, with a maximum depth of four meters and a mean depth of about one meter. There are two primary Lake Associations, the Truesdale Estates Association (TEA) and the Truesdale Lake Property Owners Association (TLPOA). The two associations, plus other residence of the community make up around 300 homes that are within a quarter of a mile of the lake. Over the past 30 years Truesdale has been treated with copper sulfate to treat Harm Algal Blooms (HABs) in the summer and multiple herbicides to control Curly Leaf Pondweed (Potamogeton crispus). Although these symptoms are ineffectively treated, the overarching problem is the amount of phosphorus in the water system.

Movement Towards an Adaptive Systems Approach to Freshwater Management, and Treatment Results from Jordan Lake, a 14,000 Acre ReservoirKen Hudnell1, Bob Morgan2 and Terry McNabb3

1Medora Corp., Dickinson, N.D., 2Beaver Water District, Lowell, Ark., 3Aquatechnex, LLC, Bellingham, Wash.

AbstractDespite almost three decades and $billions applied to EPA’s Nonpoint-Source Management Program (NSMP), nutrient and other pollutant inputs to freshwater are increasing, as are eutrophication, cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom, cyanotoxin, and noxious compound incidences. Although the Point-Source Management Program is successful, accounting for only 5-10% of inputs, the NSMP is limited by high cost, large-scale implementation difficulty, and marginal effectiveness of some best-management practices. EPA’s policy shift eliminating the Waterbody Management (Clean Lakes) Program in the early 1990s compounded the problem. Sustainable physical, chemical, and biological waterbody treatments can quickly and cost-effectively suppress cyanobacteria, remove accessible and concentrated nutrients, and strengthen beneficial trophic cascades. NALMS recently enacted policy that calls for full Clean Water Act implementation using an Adaptive Systems Approach (ASA). An ASA uses rigorous scientific and cost-benefit analyses in selecting options

Friday, November 20

from all three programs based on merit alone, and periodically evaluates outcomes and options for cost-effective improvements. Recent EPA actions may signal movement towards an ASA, including: 1) a long-term vision document allowing approaches alternative to Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs); 2) hosting a webinar on waterbody treatments and; 3) posting a webpage describing waterbody treatments. North Carolina was the first state to suspend TMDL-based nutrient management rules to assess waterbody treatments and an ASA. NC is assessing cyanobacterial suppression by solar-powered circulation in 14,000-acre Jordan Lake reservoir, and evaluating ASA options for other impaired reservoirs. This presentation reviews initial Jordan Lake results, EPA and state movements toward an ASA, and NALMS promotion of ASA policy.

Waramaug: The First Two DecadesBob KortmannEcosystem Consulting Service, Inc., Coventry, Conn.

AbstractDuring the infant years of NALMS and the Clean Water Act, Section 314 Match Grants were available for Diagnostic-Feasibility Study, Implementation, and Follow-Up Research. We learned a great deal about food-webs and biomanipulation (both good and bad), about nutrient control, managing lake community respiration and stratification, and sustaining habitats. Then sometime between 1990 and 2000 the “Ecosystem Approach” started to become synonymous with “Watershed Management.” Those are not synonyms. Effective long-term lake management needs to integrate applied limnology and watershed-lake interactions. An excellent example comes from a group of very determined citizens who got together in 1975 and formed a task force, the Lake Waramaug Task Force (LWTF). You see, the lake they loved was experiencing serious eutrophication issues. The LWTF set themselves a goal: restore and maintain the ecological integrity, the beauty, of the Waramaug Ecosystem. They sought out expert advice from numerous sources (Kent State, UConn, Canada Ministry for the Environment, McGill, SCS). LWTF recognized that reaching their goal meant a long-term commitment to managing the watershed and the internal structure and function of the lake itself. It wouldn’t be easy, but it would get done!

The research, restoration, and management efforts at Lake Waramaug during the first two decades, 1975-1995:

• Watershed Management, Streambank Stabilization, Agricultural Land-Use Management,

• Phase I Section 314 Clean Lakes Diagnostic-Feasibility Studies

• Phase II Section 314 Clean Lakes Implementation Projects

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Hypolimnetic Withdrawal, Iron Cycle Management, Enhanced Interflow

• Phase III Clean Lakes Section 314 Follow-Up Research

UConn, Kent State, Ecosystem Consulting Service

Waramaug: The Second Two DecadesBob KortmannEcosystem Consulting Service, Inc., Coventry, Conn.

AbstractAfter two decades of sustained restoration efforts, Lake Waramaug was exhibiting improved trophic conditions. However, the Lake Waramaug Task Force recognized that the job was not done (nor would it ever be). Some of the faces were new, but the goal remained the same. LWTF continued their management efforts at Lake Waramaug; both land management and in the lake. Stormwater management demonstration projects were implemented. In-lake management actions were refined. “Climate” seemed to be throwing new challenges their way: intense winters which required snow removal from school roofs, followed by a mild winter which resulted in a nearly “monomictic” lake behavior. Summers included hurricanes and a “Superstorm.” October even brought snow storms. Lake management needed to be able to respond to the weather patterns of “climate change.” The Task Force has sustained its lake and watershed management efforts for 40 years. A number of diagnostic and remedial lake management methods have either directly or indirectly resulted from the work of the Lake Waramaug Task Force, including:

• Development of a Computer Spreadsheet for RTRM, RVG, % DO Saturation, and Profile Plotting

• Identifying the Management Importance of the Iron and Nitrogen Cycles, “Alum Surrogates”

• Development of Depth-Selective Outflow Apparatus

• Layer Aeration and Seasonal Use of Artificial Circulation

• Enhancing Interflow for managing watershed-lake interactions

• Alewife Management Approaches; “Thermal Treatment”, Enhanced Emigration, Biomanipulation

Session G2: Lake Associations and Citizen Stakeholders8:30 am - 10:00 am | Broadway 3 & 4

Exploring the Role of a Lake Association in Community Organizing, Communication, Education and Problem SolvingJim Ninos1,3 and Walter Dutcher2,3

1Grass Lake Association, Indian River Lakes, N.Y., 2Butterfield Lake Cottage Owners, Indian River Lakes, N.Y., 3Indian River Lakes Conservancy, Indian River Lakes, N.Y., 4New York State Federation of Lake Associations, N.Y.

AbstractWe will explore how a lake association can help bring about change for the common good. We will explore how Lake Associations can be formed from a group of individuals and how this can be key to community awareness, education and problem solving. A Lake association can help provide a common voice with local government and regulatory agencies. The role of associations as participants in citizen science programs will be examined, both as field volunteers and as a conduit for information exchange. If time permits, we will discuss how regional organizations can build upon this model for even more leverage in solving common problems.

Case Study for Cupsaw Lake, Ringwood, New JerseyAlan Fedeli1,2

1Cupsaw Lake Improvement Association, Ringwood, N.J., 2New Jersey Coalition of Lake Associations, Sparta, N.J.

AbstractThis paper describes how Cupsaw Lake shifted from doing little more than chemical treatments to taking initiatives to solve its lake eutrophication problems. The transformation was highlighted by the formation of a dedicated twelve person committee meeting monthly, and also by extending our reach “beyond our own shores” working with other lake associations. As a result we were able to institute an aeration system and begin hydro-raking our shorelines. We captured measurement data and are expanding that program. We are tackling watershed management with a push for septic pumping in our watershed area. Our most pronounced success has been the absence of geese and their droppings where there was once a herd of 50 geese.

Lake associations are run by volunteers, and it is easy for volunteers to avoid the disciplines which produce best management practices. By committing to a lake association consensus process and working with other lake associations it is possible to take a more active leadership in lake restoration.

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Keeping Lakes (Financially) AfloatRandall Miller1,2

1Connecticut Federation of Lakes, Conn., 2East Haddam Lakes Association, East Haddam, Conn.

AbstractAs threats to the health of our lakes, particularly invasive weed infestation and stormwater drainage issues, continue to increase, obtaining adequate funding to support maintenance of water quality and invasive weed mitigation continues to be a significant and sometimes insurmountable challenge. Public/private collaborative approaches to developing funding sources are critical, as with infrequent exceptions, sufficient funding is unable to be developed privately through lake associations.

In the small eastern Connecticut town of East Haddam, associations from three lakes banded together over the past six years to develop and present on a unified basis what they believe to be significant and financially justifiable reasons for the town budget to support invasive weed monitoring and mitigation, public education and dredging initiatives of these lakes.

This program will walk through the presentation made by the East Haddam Lakes Association to the Town’s Board of Selectman and Board of Finance in their budget request for the 2015 – 2016 fiscal year (July 1, 2015 – June 30, 2016). You will learn what they believe are the compelling economic reasons for the town to support their request … and will likely uncover a methodology that can be useful to enhancing the success of your lake association funding requests, whether through town, county or state funding sources.

Data Analysis Methods for Lake ScienceKeith WilliamsRetired, Windham, Me.

AbstractThis is a summary tutorial, show and tell, of methods for analyzing lake data, emphasizing graphical display of data, such as box plots, histograms, scatterplots, dendrograms, “heat maps,” Q-Q plots, trellis plots, but also with a sampling of methods beyond summary and descriptive statistics, into logistic regression, time series, analysis of variance, hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, contingency tables, “ordination” (detrended correspondence analysis, nonmetric multidimensional scaling, etc.). Statisticians will already know the material, and it is addressed to lake volunteers, casual readers of LakeLine and similar publications, and listeners to meeting talks, to raise their awareness and basic familiarity with methods of data analysis. Software is freely available on the internet, as are websites helping in understanding data analysis, and some of those will be shown.

Session G3: Alum/Nutrient Inactivation 18:30 am - 10:00 am | Saratoga Ballroom 1

Longevity and Effectiveness of Aluminum Addition to Reduce Sediment Phosphorus Release and Restore Lake Water QualityBrian Huser1, Sara Egemose2, Harvey Harper3, Michael Hupfer4, Henning Jensen2, Keith Pilgrim5, Kasper Reitzel3, Emil Rydin6 and Martyn Futter1

1Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden, 2University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, 3ERD Environmental Research & Design, Orlando, Fla., 4Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany, 5Barr Engineering, Minneapolis, Minn., 6Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Abstract114 lakes treated with aluminum (Al) salts to reduce internal phosphorus (P) loading were analyzed to identify factors driving longevity of post-treatment water quality improvements. Lakes varied greatly in morphology, applied Al dose, and other factors that may have affected overall treatment effectiveness. Treatment longevity based on declines in epilimnetic total P (TP) concentration averaged 11 years for all lakes (range of 0 to 45 years). When longevity estimates were used for lakes with improved conditions through the end of measurements, average longevity increased to 15 years. Significant differences in treatment longevity between deeper, stratified lakes (mean 21 years) and shallow, polymictic lakes (mean 5.7 years) were detected, indicating factors related to lake morphology are important for treatment success. A decision tree developed using a partition model suggested Al dose, Osgood index (OI, a morphological index), and watershed to lake area ratio (related to hydraulic residence time, WA:LA) were the most important variables determining treatment longevity. Multiple linear regression showed that Al dose, WA:LA , and OI explained 47, 32 and 3% respectively of the variation in treatment longevity. Other variables (too data limited to include in the analysis) also appeared to be of importance, including sediment P content to Al dose ratios and the presence of benthic feeding fish in shallow, polymictic lakes.

Comprehensive Evaluation of an Alum Treated Shallow Lake: From Sediment Chemistry and Dosing, Lake Response, and a Unique Approach to Estimate LongevityKeith PilgrimBarr Engineering Company, Minneapolis, Minn.

AbstractAs part of restoration efforts for Lake Rebecca in Hennepin County, Minnesota, alum treatment of lake-bottom sediments was chosen as the best approach to address historic loads to the lake and inhibit future internal phosphorus loads. As part of this effort, a comprehensive study was conducted and included: (1) extensive sediment coring to identify the appropriate alum doses across the lake, (2) application of modern dosing techniques (Pilgrim

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et al. 2007), (3) sediment coring post-alum treatment to identify the fate of the applied alum and comparison of in situ aluminum binding to predicted aluminum binding, and (4) use of phosphorus dosing of alum-treatment sediment collect from Lake Rebecca to identify the remaining phosphorus binding capacity of the sediment and estimate potential longevity. The results of this study, combined with other recent efforts (e.g., Huser et al., recently submitted publication) can begin to provide project manages with tools to estimate alum treatment longevity and appropriate and effective treatment. Water quality data collected for the lake before and after alum treatment will also be presented.

How to Stop Algae Blooms in an Urban Lake: Fourteen Years of Phosphorus Control in Oswego LakeMark RosenkranzLake Oswego Corporation, Lake Oswego, Oreg.

AbstractOswego Lake is a 415-acre urban lake owned and managed by the Lake Oswego Corporation (LOC) and surrounded by the city of Lake Oswego. Historically the lake experienced significant algae blooms that were controlled with algaecide. In the late 1990s the LOC determined to control algae by reducing nutrients. In 2001 a hypolimnetic aeration system was installed to reduce internal loading from the phosphorus rich sediment. This was successful in reducing hypolimnetic phosphorus by 78%, however there were still significant algae blooms. In 2005 the LOC initiated an alum treatment system that started with surface applications, then surface applications and injection, and finally to injection only. This resulted in a reduction of epilimnetic phosphorus by 52%.

For 14 years LOC has been actively managing phosphorus in Oswego Lake. In that time we have refined how alum is introduced to the water column and focused on intercepting external phosphorus sources before they get to the lake. This has led to continued improvements in water clarity with a reduction in overall alum use. By using both aeration and alum we are able to treat internal and external phosphorus loading thereby eliminating scum forming algae blooms.

Effectiveness of Alum in a Hypereutrophic Lake with Substantial Non-point P InputShannon Brattebo1, Eugene Welch2, Harry Gibbons2, Gene Williams3 and Marissa Burghdoff3

1Tetra Tech, Inc., Spokane, Wash., 2Tetra Tech, Inc., Seattle, Wash., 3Snohomish County Surface Water Management, Everett, Wash.

AbstractInternal phosphorus (P) loading to thermally stratified Lake Ketchum decreased from a very high mean rate of 25 mg/m2 per day to zero (negative rate) following a May 2014 alum treatment, despite a dose (55 g/m2) that was only 66% of that determined from sediment-P analysis. There were mechanical problems with the application, which had to be halted before completion. While the high pre-treatment summer mean epilimnetic TP of 262 µg/L declined by

87% following treatment, residual TP concentration still remained excessive at 34 µg/L, largely due to an external legacy of agricultural input. That was evident because model-predicted epilimnetic TP, without diffusion from the very high hypolimnetic P concentrations (maximum 3,200 µg/L) was 37 µg/L, which is similar to the observed post-treatment level. Internal loading was assumed in the model to decline by 85%, a common observation, but it was actually eliminated. Chlorophyll and transparency, while showing some improvement (35 and 74% respectively), still represented degraded water quality with summer means of 42 µg/L and 2.1 m. Note chlorophyll mean was only 20 µg/L if the extremely high concentration in June is not included. Cyanobacteria remained dominant at 81% of biovolume. Addition in March 2015 of the remaining 34% of the originally planned dose plus the planned annual 2015 water column dose has further improved water quality. Nevertheless, these results show that an alum treatment can essentially eliminate a high internal loading, markedly decreasing epilimnetic TP, however not low enough (below 30 µg/L) to sufficiently improve water quality if a highly enriched (400 µg/L TP) external source persists.

Session G4: Tools for the Lake Management Toolbox 18:30 am - 10:00 am | Saratoga Ballroom 2

Towards an Operational Detection of Sub-visible (Biological and Anthropogenic) Particles in Water Quality AssessmentBryant C. Oakes, Erika C. Freeman, Irena F. Creed and Charles G. TrickWestern University, London, Ont., Canada

AbstractAtypical occurrence of algal blooms and the recent appearance of microplastics in the Laurentian Great Lakes has been an ongoing environmental concern for over a decade. These blooms and microplastics degrade water quality and have the potential to not only disrupt economic resources and recreation, but also pose a health risk to humans and ecosystem services. Counting and characterizing these particles from surface waters can exhaust both time and resources, often reducing the quality of the collected data. Currently employed methodologies, including microcopy and flow cytometry present major drawbacks. The emerging technique of dynamic imaging particle analysis offers functionality, accuracy, and timesaving. Although this class of instrumentation including the FlowCAM® (Fluid Imaging Technologies) is becoming increasingly available, but has yet been used to its full potential. With the use of FlowCAM® VS-Series, we present a standardized operating procedure for sub-visible (biological and anthropogenic) particle sampling, fractionation and analysis and to build a foundation for an effective taxonomic library for both particle types. An assessment of the distribution of these particles in representative lakes will be provided.

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Protection of New York’s Lakes by Limiting Corrosion and Biofouling of Ballast Tank Interior WallsDean Lundquist, Mark Ricotta, Robert Forsberg and Robert BaierState University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, N.Y.

AbstractAquatic nuisance species collect in ballast tank biofilms of international ships and are not removed by underway seawater exchange, putting the entered St. Lawrence Seaway and inland Lakes under risk from re-suspended biofilm- and sediment-retained organisms. This project evaluated potential ballast tank wall coatings of flexible water-based epoxy-silicone layers that best resist film cracking and exhibit a low surface energy to easily shed accumulating biofouling. The best evaluated material, based on field testing with trash racks and panel coatings at New York electric power-generating sites over a seven-year period, is a low coefficient of friction silicone-epoxy of 3 mil dry film thickness, tensile strength >1750 psi, elongation >5%, adhesion strength >1000 psi, and ability to resist many thousands of abrasive brushstrokes, leading to observation of a “20/20 rule” that a properly resistant coating will sustain at least 20 cleanings and require less than 20 psi per cleaning to allow routine biofouling protection. A sprayed surface-active cleaning solution, based on water- and slime-displacement action, is now in testing as a surface preparation step prior to in-port ballast tank coating with the selected paint.

Investigating the Effect of In-lake Water Circulators on Elevated Chlorophyll a and pH Values in B. Everett Jordan Reservoir, Raleigh N.C.Katharine DeVilbissNorth Carolina Division of Water Resources, Raleigh, N.C.

AbstractB. Everett Jordan Reservoir, located to the West of Raleigh, North Carolina, is listed on US EPA’s list for impaired waters as a result of chlorophyll a and pH water quality standard violations in the Haw River and Morgan Creek arms. In-lake solar powered water circulators were deployed in both areas in July of 2014 as part of a nutrient mitigation demonstration project and are to remain active until early 2016. The NC Division of Water Resources’ Water Sciences Section is conducting water quality monitoring in the immediate vicinity of the mechanical circulators, as well as in control areas, to compare concentrations of chlorophyll a and pH to water quality standards. The purpose of this assessment is to investigate project efficacy and, ultimately, to evaluate the potential of solar powered mechanical circulation to reduce nutrient related impairments for this water supply reservoir. Early information gathered displays how the morphologic differences of project areas in Jordan Reservoir affect nutrient assimilation in relation to hydrodynamics and watershed contributions.

DOD – The Dynamics of DredgingJerry DavisAquacleaner Environmental, Lancaster, N.Y.

AbstractWhen one first hears the word “Dredging,” many cringe thinking it’s a nasty eight letter word, in part due to the stigma that is associated with the process. Others fear navigating the administrative requirements from the jurisdictional agencies they will have to work with, to see a project come to fruition.

The dynamics of dredging are as vast, as its history is long. The methods have remained the same over time as has the array of emotions associated with the process, and yet the need for the removal of material from our lakes, streams and waterways continues.

Initially implemented for the removal of sand, silt and clay, dredging is a process that was borne from necessity to facilitate the deepening of water ways for navigability of shipping and recreational boating. More recently the removal of accumulated organic sediments (AOS), has been demonstrated to suppress invasive plant growth, thus dredging is a process that can solve problems in our waterways.

There is a vast amount of negativity and nervousness associated with obtaining a dredging permit from the corresponding jurisdictional agencies because the information they are seeking seems tenuous and confusing. Some in the scientific community also have a distain for the activity due in part to the perceived types of disruption both in the water and upland.

This presentation will discuss the dynamics of dredging including:

• History

• Types of equipment

• Reasons for dredging

• Components to a project

• Navigating the Permit Process

Pictures and videos will be presented to illustrate an interesting, energetic and informative discussion.

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Session G5: HABS/Cyanobacteria 48:30 am - 10:00 am | Saratoga Ballroom 3

High Resolution Spatial and Temporal Data to Understand Nutrient Concentrations and Loads that Influence Algal Blooms in a Small Lake: How Much Data Do We Need?Trea LaCroix and Frank WilhelmUniversity of Idaho, Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, Moscow, Id.

AbstractBlooms of cyanobacteria resulting in non-contact advisories and lake closures detract from a lake’s aesthetics and recreational value. To solve a problem requires understanding the factors contributing to it. We collected daily samples for analysis of phosphorus (P) and sediment concentrations while simultaneously measuring discharge to and from Fernan Lake at 15 minute intervals for one calendar year to calculate loads and obtain an accurate mass-balance. In addition, we collected P samples from 30 random lake sites once a month for 5 months to examine the whole-lake P-distribution. We use these data to address the question of how much data are needed to obtain an accurate mass-balance and understand the P distribution? Analyses included use of Flux32 to analyze the mass-balance data, while the industry standard MVS kriging program from CTech was used to analyze and visualize the whole-lake P data. Accuracy of the mass-balance decreased as high flow and spring run-off event samples were removed from the data set indicating that sampling efforts should be focused on those events. Interestingly, whole-lake P could be estimated accurately with few sites likely because the lake rarely stratifies and is well mixed. Overall, the visualization resonated well with a variety of audiences because it was intuitive and easy to understand.

Increased Fluorescence Sensitivity, Image Analysis, and the Next Generation Instrumentation Offers New Tools for the Lake Managers Battle Against Increasing Harmful Algal BloomsMichael Cohrs, Michael Leathem and Harry NelsonFluid Imaging Technologies, Scarborough, Me.

AbstractWith the many different tools to choose from (Fluorometers, Flow cytometry, Microscopy, etc.) researchers and lake managers alike are gaining more insight into the population dynamics of these troublesome algal blooms than ever before. Fluid Imaging Technologies, the makers of the FlowCam Imaging System have recently released the next generation of their Imaging Flow Cytometers, the High Sensitivity FlowCam. With a redesigned infrastructure and an increased sensitivity across its fluorescence capabilities, this new FlowCam offers researchers greater insight into the complex dynamics of harmful algal blooms. Identification of key pigments relative to the intensity of phycocyanin

and chlorophyll, combined with the traditional image analysis of the FlowCam will provide researchers with new ways to isolate particular species and analyze the size, shape, and intensity levels in conjunction with the environmental factors associated with the particular bloom. Further analysis into organism identification, biovolume calculation, growth rate monitoring, health of the population, and many other population specific dynamics add to the lake manager’s toolkit. Here we present an overview of the technology and the various applications that have utilized this instruments capabilities, along with a description of fluorescence based instrumentation and how fluorescence can be used in monitoring harmful algal blooms.

Integrating a Phone App into the Northeast Regional Cyanobacteria Monitoring Pilot ProjectHilary Snook1, Bryan Milstead1, Dan Peckham2 and Shane Bradt3

1US Environmental Protection Agency, North Chelmsford, Mass., 2NEIWPCC, Lowell, Mass., 3University of New Hampshire, Durham, N.H.

AbstractCyanobacteria blooms are a major problem in waterbodies worldwide. In order to address this issue we need to develop robust monitoring programs capable of rapidly identifying blooms. While microscopic identification and manual cell counts remain the gold standard for bloom characterization these methods are expensive, labor intensive and require a high level of technical competency. An alternative approach is to use fluorometric analysis of pigments (chlorophyll and phycocyanin) as a rapid assessment tool to detect waterbodies that experience changes in cyanobacteria dominance. In New England (Conn., R.I., Mass., Vt., N.H. & Me.) a group of state officials, watershed associations, drinking water suppliers, and researchers are working together to develop monitoring protocols for lakes using portable fluorometers and unique phytoplankton/cyanobacteria separators. During the pilot program in 2014 over 100 lakes were sampled. In 2015 we are expanding the program to include new partners, to improve and refine data collection efforts, and to add portable microscopes that will allow crews to identify cyanobacteria in the field. Images of cyanobacteria will be sent from the field and/or laboratory, and initial identifications verified by experts in regional cyanobacteria taxonomy. To streamline data collection a phone app has been developed that will allow field crews the opportunity to share data as soon as they are collected. In this talk/poster we will discuss successes and challenges of regional monitoring coordination across state agency and citizen monitoring partners, integrating app-based data collection into existing programs, and methods for conducting surveillance cyanobacteria monitoring.

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Dissolved Organic Matter Promotes Cyanobacterial Dominance in Oligotrophic LakesÓscar E.Senar and Irena F. CreedDepartment of Biology, Western University, London, Ont., Canada

AbstractDissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex mixture of compounds with different chemical properties and susceptibility to biological breakdown. Traditionally, limnological research considers only the concentration of DOM. In lakes with high concentrations of labile DOM, heterotrophic bacteria dominate incorporating terrestrial carbon into the aquatic food web. In contrast, in lakes with relatively high concentrations of refractory DOM, bacterial productivity is low. As a result, the refractory DOM can influence competition among primary producers by modulating macro- and micro-nutrients. Our survey of 46 oligotrophic Ontario lakes set out to define the DOM conditions that promote cyanobacterial growth by sampling lakes with a range of DOM quality. We characterized DOM using Excitation Emission Matrices (EEMs) to define the DOC quality and compared this analysis with phytoplankton biomass and the contribution of cyanobacteria to the biomass. We then used stable isotopes to determine the main carbon source of zooplankton (which preferentially consume algae and bacteria over cyanobacteria). As DOM conditions changed from refractory to labile, zooplankton diet shifted from phytoplankton (autochthonous carbon) to heterotrophic bacteria (allochthonous carbon), and there was a concurrent increase in the proportion of cyanobacteria in the phytoplankton community. These findings suggest that cyanobacteria have a competitive advantage under intermediate DOM quality characteristics, providing support for a conceptual model that cyanobacteria can access nutrients that are not tightly bound to DOM. Climate change and its expected influence on DOM loadings to lakes may have significant consequences for aquatic food webs.

Session H1: Case Studies in Lake Management 210:30 am - 12:00 pm | Broadway 1 & 2

Environmental Assessment of the Waterbodies of the NE Yucatán Peninsula. Case Study: Rural Cenotes near Playa del Carmen, MexicoLuis Alberto Bravo-Inclan1,2

1Mexican Institute of Water Technology (IMTA), Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico, 2Posgraduate Environmental Engineering Faculty (DEPFI), Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico

AbstractHydrogeochemical and water quality from three cenotes − located along the Cancun-Tulum touristic corridor, Mexico − were assessed to determine whether the cenotes may be considered safe for bathing contact & touristic activities.

The so called “Riviera Maya,” located on the Mexican Caribbean is experiencing an accelerated development of its touristic infrastructure and human growth. The aim of this study done in 2013, was to establish the degree of water quality impact caused by the horizontal movement of treated and raw wastewater (WW) from the WW Treatment Plant (WWTP), over three rural cenotes. The sampling was done in accordance with the Mexican normativity; the following parameters were done: temperature, TSS, OD, pH, Secchi disk, BOD, COD, conductivity, TP, TN, ammonia nitrogen, detergents, oil & grease (O&G), fecal and total coliforms, and toxicity with Daphnia magna. In relation to the WWTP of Saástun-Já, several parameters exceeded the Mexican WW Criteria (NOM-001-SEMARNAT-1996), such as: TSS, O&G, TN and fecal coliforms. During the rainy season it was found that the WW migrated toward the zone where the rural cenotes are located (named as Chano 1 and Chano 2, and the more distant Chak-Tun cenote). Of this waterbodies, only the Chano 1 cenote presented late-year evidence of WW pollution. The behavior of the rural cenotes were unpredictable due to the complex dynamics within the karstic system in the study area. Finally, the local authorities were alerted of these findings, to avoid or control future pollution problems, caused by WW and treated water from the WWTP.

Physical Drivers of Hypoxia in Meadow Lake in Queens, N.Y.Janel Chap1, Brett Branco1 and Kathleen McCarthy2

1Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, N.Y., 2New York City Department of Parks & Recreation, New York, N.Y.

AbstractOver the past few decades, Meadow Lake has suffered from intense algae blooms and low oxygen conditions. This shallow, brackish lake located in Flushing Meadows Corona Park in Queens, N.Y. is hydraulically connected to Flushing Bay by Flushing Creek, which is controlled by a tide gate. Our objective was to determine the influence of thermal density stratification on hypoxia in Meadow Lake. We measured the vertical temperature structure, salinity and dissolved oxygen concentrations at 30 minute intervals from June 16, 2014 to October 24, 2014. On-site weather data were available from Drexel University. Our results show that the diel thermal stratification and destratification cycles were not significant in driving dissolved oxygen concentration changes. However, intense hypoxic and anoxic events occurred on August 9, 2014 and October 2, 2014 when dissolved oxygen concentrations at the lake bottom dropped below 2 mg/L for approximately 24 hours. Numerous dead fish were observed following those hypoxic events, which coincided with intrusions of higher salinity water (up to 14 ppt) near the lake bottom. Typical salinity values ranged between 5 and 7 ppt. We conclude that the hypoxic and anoxic events were driven by low oxygen, high salinity intrusions from Flushing Creek.

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New York City Municipal Water and Eutrophication of Prospect Park Lake in Brooklyn, N.Y.Brett Branco1,2, Detbra Rosales3 and John Jordan4

1Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, N.Y., 2City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, N.Y., 3University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Md., 4Prospect Park Alliance, Brooklyn, N.Y.

AbstractManaging shallow urban lakes in the parks of New York City present a grand challenge. Prospect Park Lake in Prospect Park (Brooklyn, N.Y.) is a man-made shallow lake perched atop a terminal glacial moraine. When the lake was completed in the 1860s, its primary source of freshwater was a shallow aquifer accessed by the world’s largest well. In the mid-20th century, the inflow was connected to the New York City municipal water supply. In October 1992, the city began adding orthophosphate to the municipal water to minimize heavy metal concentrations in drinking water from antiquated plumbing systems. Comparisons of our water quality testing from 2011 with values reported in 1995 indicate a catastrophic shift in conditions. Summertime chlorophyll concentrations increased from < 20 mg cm-3 to > 100 mg cm-3. Macrophytes that covered >90% of the bottom in 1995 are absent from the lake now. In 2011, the lake experienced extended periods of anoxia in spite of its shallow mean depth (1.6 meters). Cyanobacteria blooms producing measurable toxicity are regular summertime occurrences. The phosphorus concentration of the inflow is 0.5 – 0.7 mg-P L-1, suggesting that the municipal water is the driver of eutrophication, and has caused a regime shift in Prospect Park Lake. In spite of the deteriorated conditions in the lake, the fish population remains abundant and diverse, supporting a popular recreational fishing use. Innovative solutions are needed to address the cyanobacteria dominance in Prospect Park Lake.

Summer Stratification Oxygen Profiles for Three New Jersey Lakes (Greenwood, Culvers, White) Demonstrate Impact of Cultural Eutrophication from 1950 – 2014Edward KuberskyFelician College, Lodi, N.J.

AbstractTemperature/Oxygen profiles and Secchi disk measurements were recorded in Greenwood Lake (Orange County, New York/ Passaic County, New Jersey), Culvers Lake (Sussex County, New Jersey), and White Lake (Warren County, New Jersey) by the New Jersey Fish and Game Commission in 1950–1951, and by the author on corresponding dates in 2014.

On 8/4/1951, Greenwood Lake exhibited oxygen supersaturation throughout the epilimnion and was anoxic only in the lower hypolimnion, while on 8/14/2014 oxygen declined throughout the epilimnion and anoxia extended from the upper metalimnion to the depths.

On 7/6/1950, Culvers Lake maintained sufficient oxygen levels down to the upper hypolimnion, but on 7/10/2014 anoxic conditions existed below the upper metalimnion.

On 7/14/1950, White Lake was anoxic below the upper hypolimnion, while on 7/14/2014 a pronounced metalimnetic oxygen maximum was observed, with oxygen extending 3m deeper than in 1950.

Secchi disk visibility declined in Greenwood and Culvers, and improved in White Lake over the time period noted.

Observations in Greenwood and Culvers are consistent with cultural eutrophication due to urbanization, and trophic state improvement in White Lake coincides with the cessation of farming in the 1950s and the absence of development of the watershed.

“Snapshot” lake profiles during summer stratification may provide evidence of changes in a lake’s trophic state with less effort and expense than an extended eutrophication analysis.

Session H2: Reservoir Management 110:30 am - 12:00 pm | Broadway 3 & 4

Challenges and Opportunities in Managing Emergency Water Storage Reservoirs: The Case of Diamond Valley Lake in Southern CaliforniaSeyoum Gebremariam, Ric De Leon and Rich YatesMetropolitan Water District of Southern California, La Verne, Calif.

AbstractIncreased water demands due to population growth coupled with decreased water availability due to recurrent droughts and climate change have already forced States, municipalities and water agencies towards building or planning to build new emergency water storage reservoirs. These reservoirs are intended to maintain water stockpiles to mitigate shortages in drought years and in times such as during seismic hazard and in the long run as a strategy for climate change adaptation. However, strategies for managing emergency water storage reservoirs are yet to be developed. Moreover, the need to reserve readily available and easily treatable water during emergency and the distinct nature of hydrologic conditions of these reservoirs often presents with unique challenges and opportunities that deserve identification for developing design alternatives with water quality considerations and management strategies that insure intended purpose of these facilities. Being the biggest and newest emergency water storage reservoir in Southern California, Diamond Valley Lake provides a blue print for construction and management of emergency water storage reservoirs in arid climates. This paper documents construction of the lake including its management over the last 15 years since its construction. Hydrographic, morphometric and operational conditions that made the lake susceptible to severe algal blooms and engineering opportunities utilized

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to minimize water quality issues are summarized to develop a broader strategy applicable to design, construction and management of emergency water storage reservoirs in arid and semi-arid climates.

A Study to Characterize Sediment Phosphorus Content and Anoxic Release Rates in Chatfield Reservoir, Denver ColoradoCraig Wolf1 and Steve Klein2

1GEI Consultants, Inc., Denver, Colo., 2Benthica, Inc., Fort Collins, Colo.

AbstractThe US Army Corp of Engineers and regional water providers proposed to increase water storage in Chatfield Reservoir, Denver, Colorado, to meet future water supply demands. This project has obvious impacts to shoreline facilities and recreational use; however, it is uncertain whether water quality conditions may change (i.e., nutrients and algal biomass), and in turn, affect other beneficial uses. Expansion of the hypolimnion will likely increase the areal coverage of anoxic sediment conditions which could also affect internal phosphorus loading and impinge on the Total Maximum Annual Load for the reservoir.

GEI Consultants, Inc. and Benthica, Inc. collected multiple sediment cores and performed three laboratory-based experiments to characterize sediment conditions: 1) phosphorus fractionation; 2) phosphorus flux under anoxic conditions, and 3) analyzed total metals, organic carbon, and solids content. Substrate characteristics (e.g., organic versus sand-gravel) had a large effect on the total phosphorus content of the sediment and the anoxic release rate. Total phosphorus content ranged from 528 to 1,050 mg/kg, with anoxic release rates ranging from 5.5 to 17.9 mg/m2/d for total phosphorus. The iron-bound, aluminum-bound, and calcium-bound phosphorus pools comprised the dominant portion of the sediment phosphorus pool, yet at each site, a different pool was the more dominant form. The iron-bound and aluminum-bound fractions strongly correlated to their respective total metal content, which highlights the unique geological, hydrological, and water quality setting for each site. These data will be used for future reservoir modeling purposes to evaluate the potential effects of increased water storage on water quality.

Methods and Reasons to Adjust Dam Hazard Classification and Compliance RequirementsGregory JohnsonBergmann Associates, Rochester, N.Y.

AbstractThe appropriate hazard classification of a dam is essential for both the dam owner and its governing regulatory body. The hazard classification denotes the potential danger in case of a dam failure and is used by regulatory bodies as a basis for defining the degree of scrutiny applicable to a given dam. The hazard classification does not indicate the condition or safety of the dam. It only considers the

impacts to stakeholders due to a potential dam failure. The hazard classification is usually dictated by the impacts on properties downstream of the dam due to flooding. Hazard classification directly relates to the criteria for which the dam must be designed. The lower the dam’s hazard classification, the easier it is to meet the various regulations (spillway capacity, stability parameters, etc.).

Improper classification, if too low, may result in a lack of oversight and inspection increasing the risk to properties downstream of the dam. However, a hazard classification that is higher than necessary may significantly increase the cost of regulatory compliance to the dam owner.

The basic process of dam hazard classification will be reviewed. Methods to analyze and potentially reduce the hazard classification and methods to potentially reduce the spillway design flood (the maximum flood for which the dam must be designed) will be presented.

The presentation is suited to a wide audience including dam owners and other interested parties without technical backgrounds as well as engineers working in the field of dam safety.

The Otis Reservoir Dam Rehabilitation Project – Increasing Dam Safety through Operational ImprovementsBryant Furtado, John De Lano and Daniel NitzscheGZA GeoEnvironmental, Norwood, Mass.

AbstractOtis Reservoir is the largest recreational water body in Massachusetts, impounding about 8 billion gallons of water. A ±7.5-foot winter drawdown is performed annually in preparation for spring runoff and to conduct inspections and maintenance of the dam. The winter drawdown also allows the lakeside residents to conduct shoreline cleanup and to protect their docks.

In 2006, the High-hazard dam was identified as being in “Poor” condition during a regulatory dam safety inspection. In addition to a deteriorating and undersized spillway, the dam had several reservoir operational issues specifically during the winter drawdown. Public safety was also at risk, as winter releases through the low-level outlet had the potential to create a void below the ice and thus endangering ice fisherman and snowmobilers. Concurrent with the dam safety issues, environmental regulators were also concerned about the impact of the winter drawdown on the State-listed Bridle Shiner population.

To address the dam safety concerns, the spillway was retrofitted with a hydraulically-actuated crest gate, the outlet works were upgraded, and restored the embankment and stone-masonry portions of the structure. The crest gate maintained the normal pool when fully raised and the winter pool when fully lowered thus greatly improving the reservoir operations. In addition, a wildlife study was performed to assess, and ultimately confirm, that the winter drawdown did not adversely affect the Bridle Shiner population.

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The Otis Reservoir Dam Rehabilitation is an example of a comprehensive project that successfully corrected dam safety deficiencies, improved reservoir operations, and addressed reservoir habitat concerns.

Session H3: Alum/Nutrient Inactivation 210:30 am - 12:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 1

The Economics of Alum Treatments in Urban Lake ManagementEric Macbeth1, Joseph Bischoff2, Brian Beck2 and Bryce Cruey2

1City of Eagan, Eagan, Minn., 2Wenck Associates, Inc., Maple Plain, Minn.

AbstractThe City of Eagan is a suburb in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area with over 22 small lakes. Since the early 1990s, the City of Eagan has engaged in sustained, comprehensive management of its lakes and their watersheds to improve water quality by reducing in-lake total phosphorus (TP) concentrations. To date, the City has completed lake and watershed management plans for 16 of the 22 lakes that address watershed nutrient loading, internal nutrient loading, fish management, and submersed aquatic vegetation management. Through the development of these plans, the City has identified over 50 watershed nutrient reduction projects and quantified internal P load reduction costs assuming alum would be used to inactivate internal P loading. Each of the watershed projects was taken to 30% design to provide reasonable engineering cost estimates. Internal load reduction costs were based on alum dose estimates from sediment cores assuming that 90% of the redox P would be inactivated in the top 10 cm of lake sediments. Nutrient reductions for watershed projects were estimated using a PondNet model modified to include practices such as filtration. Estimated internal load reductions were based on sediment P release assays assuming that a 90% reduction in redox P results in a 90% reduction in sediment P release under anoxic conditions. For most of the lakes, alum treatment was estimated to inactivate the highest mass of P for the lowest cost, making alum treatments one of the most cost effective tools for managing lakes in the City of Eagan.

Planning for an Aluminum Sulfate Treatment on Lake Riley, Minn.Brian Beck1, Joe Bischoff1, William James2 and Claire Bleser3

1Wenck Associates, Maple Plain, Minn., 2University of Wisconsin Stout, Menomonie, Wis., 3Riley Purgatory Bluff Creek Watershed District, Eden Prairie, Minn.

AbstractLake Riley is a recreational water body in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area that routinely experiences late season algal blooms. The Riley Purgatory Bluff Creek Watershed District (RPBCWD) began a lake restoration in 2008 for the Lake Riley chain of lakes (LRC) that focused on carp management, watershed nutrient reduction, and restoration of the native vegetation community in each lake. Carp management in the LRC was highly successful

and resulted in substantial improvements in upstream lakes but muted results in Lake Riley. Lake Riley has a relatively poor vegetation community, which is impacted by the use of aquatic herbicides. In an effort to improve the submersed plant community and water clarity in Lake Riley, the RPBCWD expressed interest in reducing internal phosphorus loading with an aluminum sulfate (Alum) application. Sediment cores were collected from Lake Riley to assess the impact of internal loading on water quality. Aluminum dosage was estimated as the concentration required to inactivate >90% of the redox-P in the upper sediment. A distinct redox-P peak was not observed in the surface sediment layer, confounding estimation of the thickness of the sediment layer to be treated. Overall, an Al dosage of ~115 g/m2 would be required to inactivate redox-P in the upper 8 cm. Therefore, an adaptive approach of lower Al applications (i.e., ~50 g/ m2) every 2 to 4 years based on sediment monitoring of the position of the Al floc, the amount of Al-bound P, and changes in concentration of redox-P is recommended.

The Use of Lanthanum Modified Bentonite as a Geo-Engineering Tool – Results and Data from Scientific Literature and Multiple Lake Scale ApplicationsKarin FinsterlePhoslock Europe GmbH, Zug, Switzerland

AbstractFollowing successful catchment management, the release of legacy phosphorus (P) from bed sediments can delay recovery of anthropogenic eutrophied lakes for decades. Achieving water quality targets within specific deadlines and compliance with ecological and policy objectives often require implementing measures to control internal P loading more rapidly. Eutrophication management using a lanthanum modified bentonite (LMB – trade name Phoslock®) as a geo-engineering (or ‘P capping’) tool to strip dissolved P from the water-column and restrict its release from bed sediments has received increasing attention. We present results from scientific literature on the use of Phoslock® in aquatic systems focusing on efficiency, ecological recovery as well as on ecotoxicological and human health aspects.

Al Floc Density Affects Sediment Redox P-based Dosage and Application Strategies in Half Moon Lake, WisconsinWilliam JamesUniversity of Wisconsin – Stout, Menomonie, Wis.

AbstractHalf Moon Lake is a shallow oxbow cutoff located in the center of Eau Claire, Wisconsin. Eutrophic to hypereutrophic conditions and cyanobacteria blooms driven primarily by internal P loading led to a buffered alum treatment in 2011. Al dosage was based on the sediment redox P concentration in the upper ~ 4-cm layer. The west arm was treated with 150 g/m2 to inactivate redox-P on the order of 1-5 mg/g while the east arm was

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treated with 75 mg/g to bind much lower redox P. Four years after treatment, the Al floc currently resides on top of the original sediment surface versus sinking into the excess redox P layer due to density differences. For west arm sediments, this layering pattern has resulted in a diffusional gradient between the Al floc and original sediment. Porewater Fe and P have slowly diffused upward into the west sediment Al floc and now potentially contribute P through recycling pathways. However, laboratory-derived anaerobic diffusive P fluxes are still relatively low and represent an ~ 90% decrease over pretreatment fluxes (~12 mg/m2 d). The P diffusional gradient between the Al floc and original sediment is much lower in east arm sediments and anaerobic diffusive P fluxes are undetectable. Al dosage based on inactivation of the excess redox P concentration in sediment may not be as effective in controlling internal P loading if the Al floc does not mix or sink into this layer for exposure.

Session H4: Tools for the Lake Management Toolbox 210:30 am - 12:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 2

Impacts of Recreational Boating on Water Quality in LakesHarvey H. HarperEnvironmental Research & Design, Inc. (ERD), Orlando, Fla.

AbstractThere are currently more than 13 million registered boats in the United States with approximately 1 million each in Florida, Minnesota, Michigan, and California. Recreational boating and ancillary businesses are a multi-billion dollar industry. However, few studies have been conducted to evaluate the impacts of boating on water quality in lakes. One of the first studies to address the issue of water quality impacts from boating was conducted by Yousef, et al. (1977) where isolation chambers were used as controls to evaluate changes in water quality resulting from boating in 3 central Florida lakes. The study demonstrated that repeated boating activity using 28 – 165 HP outboard motors, which were some of the largest outboard engines available at the time, disturbed bottom sediments as deep as 10 feet and significantly increased water column concentrations of turbidity, TSS, and total P compared with control chambers. The water quality impacts occurred rapidly but dissipated slowly, taking more than 2 days to return to pre-boating conditions.

A more recent study of boating impacts was conducted by ERD in the Butler Chain-of-Lakes, a series of 11 oligotrophic lakes in southwest Orange County, during 2004. During a routine 12 month surface water monitoring program, ERD correlated water quality in the lakes with the number of active boats in operation during each monitoring event and found statistically significant relationships between the number of boats and water column concentrations of particulate N, total N, SRP, particulate P, total P, and TSS. In addition, statistically higher concentrations of particulate N, total N, and total P

were observed on weekend days compared with weekdays. A linear regression model was developed to evaluate boating impacts as a function of lake bathymetry, and significant negative correlations were observed between boating impacts, water depth, and flushing rate.

Watercraft sold today are generally divided into three categories: 1) personal watercraft, such as jet skis; 2) pleasure boats, such as pontoon and fishing boats: and 3) water sport boats, which are often designed to provide enhanced wake. Personal watercraft discharge the propulsion stream near the water surface and have little ability to directly disturb sediments. Pleasure boats, such as those evaluated by Yousef, et al. are capable of disturbing sediments as deep as 10 feet, while water sport boats, particularly those designed for enhanced wake, introduce a large amount of energy into the water column, and can disturb sediments as deep as 15 feet or more. Boating impacts can be minimized by limiting full speed boating activities to water depths appropriate for the type of water craft in use.

Rushford Lake: An Interesting Case of an Extreme DrawdownEdward KwietniewskiState University of New York Oneonta Biological Field Station, Cooperstown, N.Y.

AbstractRushford Lake is a 700 acre (about 283 hectares) reservoir located in Allegany County, New York. The reservoir is a particularly unique system in that a drawdown of 9 to 18 meters (approximately 30 – 60 ft) is conducted every October 15. The lake is refilled by runoff every spring. No previous studies have been conducted on Rushford Lake to characterize it limnologically. This creates a special opportunity to study the effects of an extensive drawdown on a reservoir system in the Northeast. The purpose of this talk is to discuss current knowledge on the effects of drawdown and to see if any connections can be made to current observations on Rushford Lake’s characteristics and biota. With the typical drawdown to many lakes in New York State only being a few meters, it is important to ask: Does Rushford Lake’s Drawdown have the same influences as a typical drawdown or are there more management implications at play such as the flushing of nutrient rich waters? This information will assist in the creation of the reservoir’s first management plan.

Practical Application of an Unmanned Survey Vessel for Aquatic Habitat Assessment and MappingPreston Martin1 and Eric Munday2

1NewFields Sediment Management and Marine Sciences, Edmonds, Wash., 2BioSonics, Inc., Seattle, Wash.

AbstractThis paper reports a test of an unmanned, remote-operated survey vessel (Oceanscience Z-Boat 1800MX) equipped with a scientific echosounder and 200 kHz transducer. (BioSonics MX). A hydroacoustic survey of Capitol Lake in

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Olympia, Washington was conducted to assess submerged vegetation, bathymetry and substrate composition. The lake was formed in 1911 by construction of a dam which submerged mud flats near the outlet of the Dechutes River. The lake is now plagued with environmental issues including invasive species, siltation, nutrient loading, and harmful bacteria. In 2009 the lake was closed to all public access and it is now under consideration to return the area to an estuarine environment.

Hypack software was used for navigation and data were processed using Visual Habitat software. Substrate classification was performed using a Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to delineate areas based on the relative hardness and smoothness of the lakebed. Vegetation canopy levels were identified by variance in signal strength and density values were calculated based on the presence of vegetation per sample. Bathymetry measurements were recorded to within ±1.7 cm. Processed data were used to generated interpolated maps with QGIS software.

The Z-Boat proved effective as a data collection platform. Four substrate types were identified in locations correlated with channel morphology and water flow. Visual observations of the exposed lake bed were used to assign values to sediment type in specific areas. Submerged vegetation was sparse as expected given seasonal growth patterns and the biovolume of total vegetation was calculated.

More Bang for Your BuckPatrick SimmsgeigerDiversified Waterscapes Inc., Laguna Niguel, Calif.

AbstractUndesirable Aquatic plants have a plethora of undesirable effects on aquatic ecosystems. These negative effects run the gamut from the aesthetic, such as unattractive water coloration and foul odors, to the ecological, including lowered DO levels and the interruption of the natural food chain. The solution has been the application of herbicide application without sacrificing overall effectiveness. In our study, we demonstrate how the combination of the herbicide Clipper and our proprietary algaecide and enzyme solutions have achieved the same degree of efficacy while using lower doses of herbicide. By achieving this, we have ensured the most cost-effective and potent treatment to maintain a balanced aquatic ecosystem.

Session H5: HABS & Cyanobacteria 510:30 am - 12:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 3

HAB + Microplastics = ?Kiyoko Yokota1, Cody Hastings2, Emily Davidson1, Holly Waterfield1 and Edward Kwietniewski1

1State University of New York Oneonta Biological Field Station, Cooperstown, N.Y., 2Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, N.Y.

AbstractMicroscopic plastic particles or microplastics are one of the emerging pollutants of waterbodies. Direct negative impacts of these microplastics on zooplankton and larger invertebrates have been reported, while similar data on plants and algae not yet widely available. To help fill in the knowledge gap we established a standard protocol to harvest microplastics from six widely marketed face and body wash products and characterized and quantified the harvested particles. This is being followed up by a series of laboratory experiments where these particles were added to common HAB-forming cyanobacteria. The most frequent particles sizes across products were 50 to 200 μm in equivalent spherical diameter, with typical concentrations of 1.2 to 1.7 mg microplastics per 1 g of product. Most particles detected were non-spherical with highly variable morphologies, despite being called “microbeads.” Based on these findings we hypothesize that these microplastics have a considerable influence on colony formation and maintenance in HAB-forming cyanobacteria, and this hypothesis is currently being tested.

The History of Toxic Cyanobacteria in Two Temperate Lakes As Revealed Through the Sediment Archive of Microbial DNAShinjini Pal1, Arthur Zastepa1, Zofia Taranu2, Irene Gregory-Eaves2, Marianne Racine1, Alexandre Poulain1, Jules Blais1 and Frances Pick1

1University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., Canada, 2McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada

AbstractPaleolimnological analyses of temperate lakes show that cyanobacteria have increased globally in recent times, mainly as a result of cultural eutrophication. This evidence comes from analyses of cyanobacterial pigment and cellular remains. However, these proxies are not sufficient to identify more specifically whether toxic cyanobacteria have also increased. By comparing the sediment concentrations of the microcystin-synthesizing gene (mcyD) to the sediment microcystin concentrations, we quantified the historical changes in toxigenic cyanobacteria in a naturally eutrophic lake (Baptiste, Alberta) and in a trans-boundary lake experiencing more recent eutrophication (Lake of the Woods, Manitoba/Ontario/Minnesota). In Lake of the Woods, these proxies of toxic cyanobacteria were only detected beginning in the early 1980s (mcyD) to 2000s (microcystin) and were significantly correlated with one another. Whereas, in Baptiste Lake both mcyD and microcystins were detected much earlier in time, as far back as 1830. Microcystins

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in this system were not highly correlated with the mcyD gene but did correlate with the 16S rRNA gene representative of the genus <i>Microcystis<i>, a known toxin-producer. Pyrosequencing of cyanobacterial genes suggested that diversity (based on Operational Taxonomic Units) has decreased in more recent times in Baptiste Lake, although total abundance has increased based on both the cyanobacterial pigment echinenone and the 16S rRNA cyanobacterial gene. This indicates a recent shift towards more monospecific blooms in Baptiste Lake and an increased occurrence of toxic blooms in Lake of the Woods.

(Ir)replaceable Molybdenum as a Micronutrient for Growth of a Freshwater Cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosaYan Xu, Kevin J. Erratt, Beatrix Czzikel, Irena F. Creed and Charles TrickWestern University, London, Ont., Canada

AbstractMicrocystis aeruginosa is a bloom-forming freshwater cyanobacterium responsible for the formation and release of microcystin in lake waters. The ecological determinants of this species biomass formation and toxin production are critical to our understanding of water quality. Commonly, changes in temperature and macronutrients are implicated in the development of these toxic blooms. While these factors have a definite role in the ecology of the genus, micronutrients such as iron and molybdenum are inexplicitly linked to cell photo-physiology, nitrogen use efficiency and toxin production and may influence the ecological success and the ecotoxicology of the bloom system – and we present evidence that, with regards to this cyanobacterium, the two trace metals are themselves linked. Here we present evidence that these two micronutrients influence the growth and toxicity of two M. aeruginosa isolates (CPCC 299 & 300) under two nitrogen regimes (NO3

- and NH4+). Growth kinetics

and chlorophyll a fluorescence, measured with flow cytometry, photosynthetic capacity, measured using oxygen evolution, and MC production, measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were determined in response to replete / deplete Mo and Fe concentrations. Initial growth measurements showed Mo availability had minimal effect on regulating M. aeruginosa growth and respiration. This finding prompted us to investigate the co-limitation of these two micronutrients on growth and toxicity and how the replenishment of Fe or Mo influences the physiological response of M. aeruginosa. Our findings may provide a more detailed understanding of the importance of Fe and Mo requirements on regulating formation and toxicity of blooms.

Effect of Urea on Cyanobacterial Growth and ToxicityKevin J. Erratt, Irena F. Creed and Charles G. TrickWestern University, London, Ont., Canada

AbstractGlobal urea usage has grown dramatically in the past few decades, with urea now accounting for more than 50% of nitrogen fertilizer applications worldwide. While the physiological link between urea use and cyanobacteria blooms is not fully established the transition to urea-based fertilizers has coincided with the reappearance and extended duration of large cyanobacterial blooms in lakes that have since recovered from cultural eutrophication. It has been speculated that urea losses from agriculture may be triggering these cyanobacterial blooms in adjacent waterbodies. This study has assessed the growth, photosynthetic activity, and toxin production of Microcystis aeruginosa (CPCC 299) and Pseudanabaena sp. (local Ontario isolate) isolates under different urea concentrations. We show that both M. aeruginosa and Pseudanabaena sp. are capable of using urea as a nitrogen source – but that relatively high levels can be inhibitory. Urea when provided at low concentrations was strongly supportive for growth and cell toxicity. While higher concentrations of urea restricted growth and photosynthetic activity of both cyanobacteria isolates. Further research is required to assess the importance of urea as a major nitrogen source contributing to formation and maintenance of cyanobacterial blooms – but it is not a simple concentration-driven relationship.

Session I1: Public Policy Issues and Experience1:30 pm - 3:00 pm | Broadway 1 & 2

National Lakes Assessment: An Overview of the Biological, Chemical, Physical and Recreational Condition of Lakes in the Conterminous United StatesAmina PollardUS Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.

AbstractThe National Lakes Assessment (NLA), one in a series of National Aquatic Resource Surveys, is designed to assess the biological, chemical, physical, and recreational condition of lakes in the conterminous United States. This assessment uses a statistically-based design to represent the condition of all lakes in similar regions sharing similar ecological characteristics. States, Tribes, and Federal partners used consistent collection and analytical procedures to ensure that the results can be compared across the country. This presentation is presented in three sections. First, we provide a brief review of the 2012 National Lakes Assessment, where approximately 1100 lakes were sampled across the United States. We share highlights from the assessment results. Second, we present results of an analysis that ranked stressors

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based on the relative associations between indicators of biological condition and indicators of stress. This analysis provides information that may be useful for prioritizing management actions. Finally, we present our results from an analysis of change between conditions in the 2007 assessment and in the 2012 assessment. We will round out the presentation with a brief outlook toward the 2017 assessment efforts.

Boat Ownership as a Model for Lake ManagementKen WagnerWater Resource Services, Wilbraham, Mass.

AbstractPreventive maintenance, rapid response and rehabilitation are all necessary components of boat management. Lake management has very similar components, is also governed by economics, but has the added burden of institutional acceptability, including social and regulatory acceptance. Current water management programs of most states and the US federal government do not effectively support lake management, and are counterproductive in many cases. One cannot solve an in-lake problem with watershed management any better than putting a cover on a boat after a storm will make the boat useable. Permitting systems are not set up to move quickly enough to facilitate rapid responses. Rehabilitation is often in the public interest, but can be very expensive and funds have not been available under Section 314 of the Clean Water Act for nearly two decades. The legal “trick” of making non-point sources into point sources for regulation now makes NPDES-regulated systems ineligible for Section 319 funds. Maintenance is a legitimate aspect of lake management, just as it is for boat ownership, but somehow is a dirty word in funding and permitting circles. We need a new Clean Water Act and we need to avoid laws and regulations that deal with only pieces of ecosystems. Faster solutions include making our institutions more responsible for actual lake management, especially if they own the lakes, revising permitting systems for consistency and logic, putting money back into programs that were well conceived but defunded over time, and requiring training in lake management for anyone regulating it.

A Method for Subwatershed Prioritization: Sebago Lake, Maine, and the Water Quality IndexPaul Hunt1, Kate McDonald2 and Heather True2

1Portland Water District, Portland, Me., 2Cumberland County Soil and Water Conservation District, Windham, Me.

AbstractSebago Lake is Maine’s deepest and second largest lake, is a popular recreation destination, and is used by the Portland Water District (PWD) to provide drinking water to nearly one in six Maine residents. It’s also surrounded by a 450 square mile watershed which is dotted with other popular

lakes. The water quality of the lake is so outstanding that is exempted from the filtration requirements of the federal Safe Drinking Water Act.

In the past 15 years more than a dozen “319” projects – watershed surveys and subsequent erosion control projects funded in part under Section 319 of the Clean Water Act – have been completed in Sebago Lake’s subwatersheds. Project locations were selected based on local interest rather than based on relative impact to Sebago Lake. The PWD offered cash and in-kind match to these projects under the philosophy that improvements anywhere in the watershed benefit the lake. Recent policy changes initiated by EPA require an approved Watershed-based Plan as a prerequisite for 319 funding. Unfortunately, the recommended methodology for a watershed-based plan isn’t financially feasible for such a large watershed.

The PWD partnered with the Cumberland County Soil and Water Conservation District and others to develop an alternative plan that evaluates about 50 subwatersheds and ranks them in order of importance to Sebago Lake’s water quality. The method took into account present water quality, water quality trends, land use, and the engagement of local organizations. This approach involved only limited collection of new field data and leveraged the extensive watershed dataset.

Session I2: Reservoir Management 21:30 pm - 3:00 pm | Broadway 3 & 4

Development of a Monitoring, Management and Treatment Strategy for the Control of Taste & Odor Problems Associated with Blue-Green Algae in a Drinking Water Supply in New JerseyFred Lubnow1 and Keith Cartnick2

1Princeton Hydro, LLC, Exton, Pa., 2United Water, Lambertville, N.J.

AbstractLambertville Reservoir is an impoundment in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, owned and operated by United Water. The Reservoir is the primary source of drinking water for the City of Lambertville. In 2012 and into early 2013 the residents of Lambertville experienced nuisance taste and odor (T&O) problems with their finished water, sparking numerous complaints. In response to this United Water hired Princeton Hydro to develop a Monitoring, Management and Treatment Strategy (MMTS) for the reservoir.

The MMTS included the design and installation of a sub-surface aeration system to keep the reservoir well mixed over the growing season, minimizing the internal phosphorus load. In addition, a high level monitoring program was implemented in 2013 through 2015 to collect detailed information on the seasonality of the reservoir as well as how it responses to the judicial use of a chelated copper-based algaecide to keep both mat algae and planktonic blue-greens under control. Monitoring included

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the measurement of the T&O compounds geosmin and MIB. In addition, an application of PhosLock®, a clay-based, nutrient inactivating product, was conducted in 2015 to strip the reservoir of available phosphorus during the critical early summer season, just before the plankton is dominated by blue-green algae. All of the collected data were used to develop thresholds that dictate when specific management measures should be implemented, as well as serve as a means of determining when samples should be collected for the analysis of cyanotoxins. The results of these efforts will be discussed in detail in this presentation.

Characterization of Taste-and-Odor-Producing and -Degrading Bacteria in a Central Indiana ReservoirNicolas Clercin1,2

1IUPUI, Indianapolis, Ind., 2Center for Earth and Environmental Science, Indianapolis, Ind.

AbstractFreshwater Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria cause a multitude of water-quality concerns by producing taste-and-odor (T&O) compounds. These algal metabolites may have a significant economic impact and are of particular interest in lakes, reservoirs, and rivers that are used for drinking-water supply or aquaculture. Some odorous compounds (e.g., 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin) that frequently impair the water treatment process are produced intracellularly and released into the water when organisms die naturally or chemically when an algaecide treatment is applied. Once released, metabolites can either be found in the dissolved fraction or bound to particles that settle to the bottom sediments. These organic compounds are readily available as a food source for other bacteria that have the ability to degrade them.

Every year, Eagle Creek Reservoir providing water to the City of Indianapolis experiences seasonal blooms of Cyanobacteria and large densities of Actinobacteria that are very often linked to the production of odorous compounds in raw waters. In this study, the 16S rRNA gene sequencing method was used to analyze microbial communities. A Canonical Component Analysis (CCA) explaining 72.3% of the total variance of the dataset revealed four different clusters, describing different hydrological conditions and habitats within the water column before/after the application of an algaecide treatment. Actinobacteria were mostly found in the mixing layers of the water column during reservoir turnovers, Cyanobacteria in the epilimnion during the summer stratification and bacterial degraders were identified in the anoxic bottom waters.

Utilization of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle to Support Taste-and-Odor Assessments in a Drinking-Water Supply Reservoir in South Carolina, 2013 – 2015Celeste Journey, Matthew Petkewich, Paul Conrads and Jimmy ClarkUS Geological Survey, Columbia, S.C.

AbstractThe US Geological Survey, in cooperation with Charleston Water System, is conducting an investigation to better understand the water quality and flow dynamics in the Bushy Park Reservoir and how these conditions may influence taste-and-odor episodes caused by geosmin and methylisoborneol. Bushy Park Reservoir, located near Charleston, South Carolina, is the major drinking-water supply for the Charleston area. Spatial changes in water quality were assessed by using discrete water samples combined with data collected with an autonomous underwater vehicle equipped with a multiparameter sonde. Spatially dense, georeferenced data collected bimonthly from the sonde were used to qualitatively identify locations and conditions for elevated chlorophyll and phycocyanin concentrations and changes in stratification. Discrete water-quality samples were collected and used to verify and calibrate the sonde measurements and to quantitatively evaluate the water quality during taste-and-odor episodes.

Bushy Park Reservoir experienced a spring (April) taste-and-odor episode in 2014 and 2015 with geosmin as the dominant taste-and-odor compound. However, throughout the spring and summer, the investigation identified a persistent occurrence of low-level (less than 25 nanograms per liter) taste-and-odor concentrations. The taste-and-odor occurrence exhibited an inverse relation between geosmin and methylisoborneol concentrations that occur spatially in the reservoir, whereby geosmin concentrations tended to be highest near the headwaters of the reservoir and methylisoborneol tended to be highest near the dam. Relation between the temporal and spatial changes in flow, water chemistry (discrete and spatial data) and phytoplankton community structures and taste-and-odor occurrence were evaluated. The results of that evaluation will be presented.

The Floristic Composition of the Phytoplankton within New Croton Reservoir, New York: Implications for Water Quality ManagementMichael PrincipeHDR Engineering, White Plains, N.Y.

AbstractThe spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability of phytoplankton floristic composition was studied in New Croton Reservoir, NY, initially from 1984–1987, and more intensively during 1988. The reservoir exhibited the same classic pattern of phytoplankton succession during both the 1984–1987, and the 1988 study periods, as that observed in most northern temperate mesotrophic-eutrophic lakes.

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Diatoms predominated in the spring and fall, whereas Cyanobacteria occurred in great numbers during the late summer.

Reservoir hydraulic residence time and volume appeared to affect floristic composition. Growing season (July–October) reservoir volume and hydraulic residence time were positively correlated with the abundance of cyanobacteria, as well as the abundance of Chlorophyta. The rapid 1985 summer flushing rate that occurred during a drought period may have inhibited the usual proliferation of slow-growing cyanobacteria within the reservoir. In contrast, the longer 1988 summer hydraulic residence time may have led to the more pronounced presence of Cyanobacteria.

Findings from the study suggested that when studying phytoplankton dynamics it was not only important to consider reservoir nutrient dynamics, hydraulic residence time effects, and light and temperature variations, but it was also essential to examine the individual ecological characteristics of the dominant phytoplankton. In addition, study results suggested that in order to achieve optimum quality within the diversion to the Croton Aqueduct, the formulation of an effective water quality management program should consider the selection of an ideal aqueduct intake location, both horizontally and vertically based upon water quality conditions and the regulation of growing season hydraulic residence time.

Session I3: Volunteer Monitoring/Citizen Science1:30 pm - 3:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 1

What Can Secchi Numbers Really Tell Us?Carolyn Greenough1,2

1Ecosystem Consulting Service, Inc., Coventry, Conn., 2Plymouth State University, Plymouth, N.H.

AbstractWhen Pietro Angelo Secchi invented the Secchi disk I doubt he knew how much we could interpret from the data it would produce. Even today many people take a Secchi reading and only come away from it with a number indicating the transparency of the lake. However, a Secchi reading can tell us so much more.

Everything in a lake is related, and light penetration is no exception. Secchi data can tell us more than how “pretty” a lake is. It is a diagnostic tool that can help determine if the primary producers will be rooted aquatic macrophytes or cyanobacteria and can help us to predict when problems will occur.

From the Secchi depth we can easily estimate the compensation depth (the depth where 1% of incident light penetrates). When these depths are combined with a calculated RTRM value we can determine if there will be adequate light for net photosynthetic oxygen production to penetrate the thermocline and what will control the anoxic boundary.

Taking a Secchi reading is a simple, inexpensive way to get a lot of information about a lake that is directly related to many ecological variables and aspects of water quality. Maintaining a Secchi to a certain depth has been used in quantitative watershed management plans because of the vast amount of information it can give us. A Secchi disk should be considered one of the most important tools for anyone studying lakes.

Lessons Learned from a Citizen Science Macrophyte Monitoring Program in Alberta, CanadaBradley Peter and Arin DyerThe Alberta Lake Management Society, Edmonton, Alta., Canada

AbstractIn 2015, the Alberta Lake Management Society (ALMS) piloted an invasive macrophyte monitoring program. As an organization that relies on volunteers to conduct its monitoring, it was necessary to incorporate a citizen science component to the program. While this provided an educational component for lake residents and stewards, it also resulted in some challenges. The monitoring program involved three routes of involvement: intensive littoral zone surveys at three recreational lakes throughout the growing season, high-risk area surveys in ten recreational lakes, and workshops for citizen scientists to learn to collect, identify, and press macrophytes. While littoral zone surveys allowed for a closer look at the macrophyte communities, the rigorous monitoring required for early detection of invasive macrophytes was limited by volunteer availability. In addition, surveys conducted via a volunteer’s boat were unable to reach areas of the lake where invasive plants were most likely to colonize (shallow areas or under docks). High-risk area surveys were limited by access and transportation to the area. In addition, this program faced the same challenges as many citizen programs: lack of active involvement and issues in data validity and sample quality. Ultimately, providing various levels of involvement to citizens increased the overall interest in the program. By allowing volunteers to photograph vs. press plants, providing monitoring options, and utilizing citizen science apps, the program was able to extend interest to a greater variety of stewards.

Lessons Learned from Monitoring Rhode Island’s LakesElizabeth Herron and Linda GreenUniversity of Rhode Island, Kingston, R.I.

AbstractCitizen scientists have been an integral component of Rhode Island’s (RI) water quality monitoring network for decades. Engaging volunteer monitors not only expands the scope and magnitude of available data, but also enhances the understanding and support of water quality monitoring, and of the resources monitored creating effective and involved stewards. The University of RI Watershed Watch (URI WW) program, headquartered within URI Cooperative Extension, is the largest volunteer

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water quality monitoring program in RI. Started with 25 volunteers on fourteen lakes in one watershed in 1988, URIWW now has over 400 trained volunteers monitoring more than 250 lake, pond, river, stream, salt pond and marine sites throughout RI and into southeastern Connecticut. Working with nearly 50 organizations we now have more than 25 years of comprehensive water quality data on a dozen sites, and more than three years of data for hundreds more. Our success is based on having established a solid foundation by working with state agencies, university researchers and many others to develop appropriate monitoring methods, approved quality assurance project plans, effective outreach and diverse volunteer recruitment, retention and recognition approaches. This presentation will provide a brief overview of URIWW and highlight some of the keys to building a successful program such as URIWW. Comprehensive resources designed to help other citizen science programs to get started, develop and grow will be shared.

What’s the State of Volunteer Water Monitoring Programs?Linda Green, Elizabeth Herron and Kristine StepenuckUniversity of Rhode Island, Kingston, R.I.

AbstractIn the past few years just about anyone who is interested in tracking something, such as when ice cover sets in or out, or what plants are found where has started a “citizen science” program. Indeed, many volunteer water monitoring programs are re-casting themselves as such. Is it really such a new idea, and where does volunteer water monitoring fit in? Citizen lake monitoring programs in Minnesota, Maine and Michigan led the way in the 1970s. Since then, with support from the federal, state, academic and local organizations, volunteer water quality monitoring expanded across the country and well beyond lakes. These programs became an integral part of resource management efforts nationally. They not only provided essential information on locally important waterways, but also engaged citizens in a way that improved stewardship of their community resources. They fought to prove the quality of their data and to be included at the monitoring table, with both successes and failures. This presentation will review the current state of volunteer monitoring, focusing on long-lived lake monitoring programs of the Northeast. It will highlight some of the important successes and challenges volunteer monitoring faces during challenging economic & political times. How volunteer monitoring compares with citizen science will also be discussed, with the evolution of the Secchi Dip-In as an example. And of course, the incredible dedication and value of volunteers will be recognized!

Session I4: Fish Stories1:30 pm - 3:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 2

Invasive Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Control on Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, OregonLinda Beck1, Jordan Miller2 and Dan Craver3

1US Fish and Wildlife Service - Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, Princeton, Oreg., 2Friends of Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, Princeton, Oreg., 3US Fish and Wildlife Service – Pacific Region, Refuge Information Branch, Portland, Oreg.

AbstractMalheur Lake, located in southeastern Oregon’s Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, on average is 34,000 acres and 1 meter in depth but fluctuates greatly in size on an annual basis. This lake and surrounding basin is an important stop over for migrating and breeding birds in the Pacific flyway. Malheur Lake has been invaded by common carp (Cyprinus carpio) since the 1950s and has severely degraded habitat. Management of common carp has been tried in this terminal lake system primarily by broadscale rotenone treatments, but has failed. Currently, we are working on creating a sustainable management strategy to decrease the pounds of carp per acre and increase available avian habitat. New technology has been used such as low frequency telemetry, PIT tags, and remote sensing to get a handle on this problem. This talk will focus on the tools we are utilizing to understand and tackle the invasive carp.

Potential Implications of the Restoration of Anadromous Alewife in LakesBjorn LakeKleinschmidt Associates, Pittsfield, Me.

AbstractAlewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) were once a common anadromous fish species that migrated into coastal ponds and lakes along the Eastern seaboard of North America. Due to the industrialization of our rivers including the construction of migrational barriers, dramatic population declines have ensued from Maine to the Carolinas. Recent developments in fish passage technology and advocacy for free-flowing rivers has resulted in the restoration of alewife populations in many freshwater ecosystems. The objective of this paper is to investigate the potential implications of restoration of alewives in freshwater lakes based on research, case studies, and stakeholder perspectives.

Research has clearly shown that anadromous alewives are a source of marine-derived nutrients that can be of ecological benefit to freshwater systems (Walters et al. 2009). However, for lakes that are eutrophic or at risk of nutrient impairment, lake managers have been hesitant to allow the restoration of alewives because alewives have been stocked in landlocked lakes resulting in dramatic shifts in trophic structure and nutrient dynamics. In many cases, these introductions have proved detrimental to the health of the lake. This paper describes the differences

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between landlocked and anadromous alewives and how those differences can be managed to mitigate the risk of impairment due to alewife restoration.

Concentrations of Mercury in New Hampshire Freshwater Fish, 1992 – 2013David Neils, Kirsten Nelson, Scott Ashley and Walter HendersonNew Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, Concord, N.H.

AbstractThe concentration of Hg in freshwater fish from New Hampshire waterbodies was determined for the period of 1992 – 2013. The monitoring program includes specimens submitted to state laboratories for analysis by citizens and a structured sampling program completed by state biologists that includes repetitive sampling of a static group of lakes and ponds. The analysis period included data from nearly 3,500 individuals, approximately 250 waterbodies, and 26 fish species. Species-specific mean Hg concentrations per kg of fish tissue ranged from 0.10 to 0.69 mg. Thirteen species had Hg tissue concentrations above the EPA recommended water quality criteria of 0.30 mg Hg / kg fish tissue. Hg concentrations in yellow perch and largemouth bass were size adjusted using an ANCOVA and analyzed over time and spatially. Statewide trends of size-adjusted Hg tissue concentrations in largemouth bass and yellow perch were insignificant when data was analyzed across the entire time period, but did indicated a tendency towards lower concentrations in recent years. A county-by-county analysis of size-adjusted Hg concentrations in yellow perch and largemouth bass identified geographic regions that were associated with higher Hg in fish tissue concentrations. Times-series results from the structured ten-lake repetitive sampling program were inconclusive and suggest the need for modification to the sampling design, including more rigorous collection requirements and switching to a consistent roster of lakes sampled each year, rather than a rotating design.

Clarity with the Clear State: Understanding Ecological Relationships of ‘Pristine’ Shallow LakesStephanie Hummel1, Shane Bowe2, Mark Hanson3, Marinus Otte1, Josh Sucko4 and Donna Jacob1

1North Dakota State University, Fargo, N.D., 2Red Lake Department of Natural Resources, Red Lake, Minn., 3Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Bemidji, Minn., 4Bemidji State University, Bemidji, Minn.

AbstractOver 90% wetland loss in some areas of the United States, has caused concern for biodiversity and ecosystem service loss. Studies assessing ecological characteristics of un-altered wetlands are critical to interpret potential responses to anthropogenic changes and how ecosystem services and ecology might respond to future climate dynamics. Previous research suggests fish play an important role in shallow lakes ecology by inducing transitions to turbid states, by decreasing submerged aquatic vegetation,

re-suspending sediment, and inducing trophic cascades. Understanding how fish communities contribute to shallow lake ecology in a pristine setting is important for successful conservation and restoration. Our objectives, part of a long term monitoring study (2009-2015), were 1) evaluate fish communities; 2) assess patterns in plant communities and sediment chemistry. We selected 24 shallow lakes, located within Red Lake Nation Indian Reservation, Minn., USA. This landscape has been subject to little anthropogenic disturbance and our study waters are ‘pristine.’ At each lake we assessed fish communities using fyke nets, and experimental gill nets, for a 24-hr period during July, where fish were sorted, counted, and massed. Aquatic and emergent vegetation was assessed by the rake throw and daubenmire frame. We found fish community composition did not significantly change, but biomass significantly decreased during the study, and per location. We found no species specific relationships between vegetation and fish, but did find relationships between vegetation and sediment characteristics. Results will be used as reference points for restoration and conservation and serve for a better understanding of shallow lake state stability.

Session I5: HABS & Cyanobacteria 6 (Drinking Water)1:30 pm - 3:00 pm | Saratoga Ballroom 3

Combined Effects of the Nitrogen to Phosphorus Ratio and Nitrogen Speciation on Three Cyanobacterial Metabolite Concentrations in Eutrophic ReservoirsTed D. Harris1, Val H. Smith1, Jennifer L. Graham2, Dedmer B. Van de Waal3, Lenore P. Tedesco4 and Nicolas Clercin5

1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kans., 2US Geological Survey, Kansas Water Science Center, Lawrence, Kans., 3Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands, 4The Wetlands Institute, Stone Harbor, N.J., 5Center for Earth and Environmental Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Ind.

AbstractRecent studies have shown that total nitrogen-to-total phosphorus (TN:TP) ratios and nitrogen speciation may have substantial effects on secondary metabolite (i.e., microcystins) production in cyanobacteria. Relations between nutrients or nutrient ratios (e.g., NO3, NH3, TN:TP and NO3:NH3 ratios), and cyanobacteria biovolume or the cyanobacterial metabolites geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), and microcystin were investigated using multiple years of data from four reservoirs located in the Midwestern U.S. We found that the investigated cyanobacterial metabolites primarily occurred when the TN:TP ratio was < 75 (by weight), which was likely due to cyanobacterial biovolume increasing as the TN:TP ratio decreased. Relative cyanobacterial biovolume was inversely related to the NO3:NH3 ratio. Cyanobacterial metabolites generally occurred, and had the largest concentrations per biovolume, when NO3:NH3 ratios were relatively low (< 25). Our data show that when TN:TP ratios are low

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enough to favor cyanobacteria, relatively low NO3:NH3 ratios may specifically favor metabolite synthesis, or the abundance of metabolite producers. Thus, although future studies are needed, low TN:TP ratios combined with low NO3:NH3 ratio may stimulate the occurrence of cyanobacteria, particularly those capable of producing toxic and undesirable metabolites.

Spatial Assessment of Harmful Algal Blooms in Kansas ReservoirsGuy Foster and Jennifer GrahamUS Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kans.

AbstractReservoir closures in Kansas caused by harmful algal blooms (HABs) have resulted in annual revenue losses of up to 40 percent because of restrictions on recreational use. Additionally, a number of HAB-related dog deaths and human illnesses have been reported in Kansas. HABs tend to be spatially variable both vertically and horizontally because of in-lake and weather driven processes, and can vary by orders of magnitude in concentration across relatively short distances (meters or less). Extreme spatial variability in cyanobacteria and associated compounds poses unique challenges to public health protection. The spatial variability of cyanobacteria and associated toxins were characterized in three Kansas reservoirs during summers 2011-2015 over a range of bloom conditions (varying abundances, taxa, seasons, and weather conditions). High resolution near-surface spatial data were collected using mounted sensor arrays. Sensor arrays measured temperature, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, chlorophyll, phycocyanin, and nitrate at 1 to 5 minute intervals. Discrete near-surface and vertically integrated samples also were collected and analyzed for chlorophyll, cyanobacterial abundance, and microcystin. Data were compiled and integrated using geographic information systems to provide a visual representation of cyanobacterial distribution. Cyanobacterial abundance and microcystin concentrations varied by orders of magnitude longitudinally and vertically within reservoirs, with isolated areas of extremely high concentrations. A better understanding of HAB distribution will facilitate the development of more efficient, objective-driven sampling strategies and will allow lake managers to make more informed decisions on when and where to issue lake advisories and recreational closures.

Cyanobacteria and Associated Toxins and Taste-and-Odor Compounds in the Kansas River, KansasJennifer Graham and Guy FosterUS Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kans.

AbstractThe Kansas River is a primary source of drinking water for about 800,000 people in northeastern Kansas. Cyanobacterial blooms typically do not develop in the Kansas River; however, reservoirs on major tributaries occasionally develop blooms. Downstream transport of

cyanobacteria, toxins, and taste-and-odor compounds from upstream reservoirs was documented during a late summer bloom event in 2011. To characterize the sources, frequency of occurrence, and causes of cyanobacteria and associated compounds in the Kansas River continuous water-quality monitors have been operated at two Kansas River sites and discrete water-quality samples have been collected monthly to bi-weekly and during events at two Kansas River sites and three tributary sites since 2012. During July 2012-May 2015, cyanobacteria rarely dominated phytoplankton communities in the Kansas River; however, potential toxin and taste-and-odor producers typically were present. Geosmin occurred more frequently (detected in 79% of samples, n=122) than 2-methylisoborneol (MIB; 38%) or microcystin (22%). Geosmin and MIB occurred year-round in the Kansas River, while microcystin typically occurred only during summer months. Cyanobacteria and associated compounds occasionally reached concentrations of concern in the Kansas River. Geosmin and/or MIB exceeded the human detection threshold of 5 ng/L in about 18% of samples. Microcystin exceeded the US EPA health advisory guidance thresholds for finished drinking water of 0.3 and 1.6 µg/L in about 9 and 2% of samples, respectively. During July 2012-May 2015, downstream transport and in-river production both contributed to elevated concentrations of cyanobacteria and associated compounds, indicating multiple potential sources and mechanisms for harmful algal bloom events.

From Caruaru to Toledo; Human Health Effects of Harmful Algal BloomsGregory Boyer and Rachael RadicelloState University of New York, Syracuse, N.Y.

AbstractHarmful algal blooms due to cyanobacteria are not a new phenomenon. While most toxic effects have been observed with animals, threats to human health cannot be ignored. Perhaps the most documented case of human intoxication was in Caruaru, Brazil (1996) where the occurrence of cyanobacteria toxins in water supplying a hemodialysis facility resulted in the death of 60 patients. This case prompted the World Health Organization to issue a guideline value of 1 ppb for microcystin toxins in drinking water. In 2014, the presence of microcystin toxins in finished drinking water supply for the City of Toledo, Ohio resulted in a State of Emergency and do not drink order for the city and surrounding area. In response, the US EPA has issued a 10-day guideline value for microcystins of 0.3 ppb for in children and 1.6 ppb for adults. Here we will discuss the science behind the development of those guideline values, the occurrence of cyanobacterial toxins in drinking and recreational waters, as well as how existing and proposed guideline values might be applied to both drinking water reservoir and recreational waters. Different State response strategies will be summarized and the response to the incident in Toledo will be analyzed as a model case for future actions in response to harmful cyanobacteria blooms.

113113Presenting authors are underlined.

Alfafara, Nicole: Session A3Amati Martins, Iris: Poster SessionAnat, Dana: Session E3Anderson, Jesse: Session D5Andreashuk, Kenton: Session D4Andresen, Norman: Session D5Arquette-Palermo, Michele: Poster Session, Session E4Ashley, Scott: Session I4Auer, Martin: Session C5

Baier, Robert: Session G4Bansal, Prashant: Session E1Baran, Mark A.: Session E1Baratono, Nolan: Poster Session, Session D5Bass, David: Poster Session, Session F4Beck, Brian: Poster Session, Session H3Beck, Linda: Session I4Beier, Colin: Session D1Bellaud, Marc: Session B1Bhakta, Bindu: Poster Session, Session E4Bierlein, Kevin: Session A4Bischoff, Joseph: Poster Session, Session H3Blais, Jules: Session H5Blanco, Alfonso: Session C4, Poster SessionBleser, Claire: Session H3Bloomfield, Jay: Session A4Bolton, Raymond: Session E3Bopp, Richard: Session D1Borre, Lisa: Session E1Bouchard, Debra: Session A5Bowe, Shane: Session I4Boyer, Greg: Session A2, Session B3, Session I5Boylen, Charles: Session F2Bradt, Shane: Poster Session, Session G5Braker, Elizabeth: Session E3Branco, Brett: Session H1Brattebo, Shannon: Session G3Bravo-Inclan, Luis Alberto: Session H1Bretz, Richard: Session C2Brown, Brandeis: Session F2Brueck, Jim: Poster Session, Session E4Brunkalla, Roberta: Session A3Buckle, Sue: Session D4Bugbee, Gregory: Session A1Burghdoff, Marissa: Session G3Burnet, Sarah: Session C5Burns, Douglas: Session D1Butler, Tim: Session C1

Cahoon, Larry: Session C2Caldwell, Andral: Session F3Callinan, Clifford: Session A2Carey, Cayelan: Session F5Cartnick, Keith: Session I2Cebada Mora, Gabriella: Poster Session

Chap, Janel: Session H1Chapra, Steven: Session A4Chen, Chris: Session F5Chiu, Kenneth: Session E1Chrobot, Benjamin: Session E1Chutko, Krystopher: Poster SessionClark, Jimmy: Session I2Clercin, Nicolas: Session I2, Session I5Cohrs, Michael: Session G5Conlon, Kevin: Session F3Conrads, Paul: Session I2Conry, Tom: Session D3, Session F1Conway, Amanda: Session E3Craig, Paul: Session A4Craver, Dan: Session I4Creed, Irena: Session A3, Session B4, Poster Session, Session

G4, Session G5, Session H5Cross, Ben: Session F5Cruey, Bryce: Session H3Cubas, Francisco: Session C2, Session E5Cumbie, William: Session E5Czzikel, Beatrix: Session H5

D’Arco, Brett: Session D1Dantas Bitencourt, Marisa: Poster SessionDavidson, Emily: Session H5Davis, Eric: Session D3Davis, Jerry: Session G4Davis, Judy: Session D4De Lano, John: Session H2De Leon, Ric: Session F4, Session H2DeBuck, Amy: Session F3Deeds, Jeremy: Session E4DeHollander, John: Session A1DeSellas, Anna: Session D5DeVilbiss, Katharine: Session G4Devkota, Janesh: Session A4Dillon, Peter: Poster SessionDing, Li: Session C3Doner, Lisa: Session B5Dougherty, Kathleen: Poster Session, Session E4Doyle, Chris: Session B1, Session E2Doyle, Kelly: Session F3Driscoll, Charles: Session D1Dustin, Donna: Session E4Dutcher, Walter: Session G2Dyer, Arin: Session I3

Ecker, Christopher: Poster SessionEdlund, Mark: Poster Session, Session D5Effler, Steven: Session B5, Session C5Egemose, Sara: Session G3Eichler, Lawrence: Session F2Engstrom, Daniel: Session D5Entringer, Ronald: Session A2

North American Lakes: Embracing Their History, Ensuring Their FutureAuthor Directory Saratoga Springs

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114114

Author Directory

Erratt, Kevin: Session H5Ewing, Holly A.: Session E1

Falls, William: Session F3Fanzutti, Jennifer: Session A1Farrell, Jeremy: Session D1, Session E3, Session F2Farrell, John: Session F2Fedeli, Alan: Poster Session, Session G2Feist, Annabelle: Session E3Feldmann, Aissa: Poster SessionFieldseth, Eric: Session D3Figgatt, Mary: Session B3Finsterle, Karin: Session H3Fiske, Steve: Session E4Forsberg, Robert: Session G4Foster, Guy: Session I5Francy, Donna: Poster SessionFreeman, Erika: Session G4Frelich, Lee: Poster SessionFurtado, Bryant: Session H2Futter, Martyn: Session G3

Gallagher, Mercedes: Session C1Gantzer, Paul: Session F5Garrison, Paul: Session C5Gebremariam, Seyoum: Session F4, Session H2Geise, Mark: Session B4Gerling, Alexandra: Session F5German, Ben: Session C1Gervase, Luke: Session A1Gibbons, Harry: Session A5, Session G3Ginn, Brian: Session B5, Poster Session, Session E3Godrej, Adil: Session C2, Session E5Goggin, Patrick: Poster Session, Session D4, Session E4Goodwin, Patrick: Session E5Graham, Jennifer: Poster Session, Session I5Green, Linda: Session F4, Session I3Greenough, Carolyn: Session I3Gregory-Eaves, Irene: Poster Session, Session H5Grizzard, Thomas: Session C2, Session E5Groeger, Alan: Poster Session, Session F4Grubbs, J.W.: Session A5

Hadley, Kristopher: Session B2, Poster SessionHall, Nathan: Session C2Haney, James: Session F2Hanson, Mark: Session I4Hanson, Shelly: Session C1Harman, Willard: Session D3Harper, Harvey: Session G3, Session H4Harris, Ted: Session I5Hartshorne, Michael: Session C3, Session E2Hasbargen, Leslie: Session F2Hassett, John: Session A2Hastings, Cody: Session H5Havens, Amy J.: Session C1Heilman, Mark: Session A1, Session B1, Session E2Helmer, David: Session F3Henderson, Walter: Session I4Henley, Phaedra: Poster SessionHerb, Bill: Poster SessionHerron, Elizabeth: Session F4, Session I3

Hetherington, Amy Lee: Session E1Hills, Mindy: Session H4Holbrook, David: Session C2Holme, Colin: Session C2, Poster SessionHolmes, Peter: Session D4Holmlund, Eric: Session D2Homeier, Dan: Session B4Hoyer, Mark: Session C4Hudnell, Ken: Session G1Hudson, Jeff: Session A4Hummel, Stephanie: Session I4Hunt, Paul: Session I1Hupfer, Michael: Session G3Hurteau, Craig: Session C5Huser, Brian: Session G3Hutchinson, Neil: Poster SessionHyde, James: Session A2, Session B3

Jacob, Donna: Session I4Jacobson, Peter: Poster SessionJahns, Nathan: Session C3James, April Lynda: Poster SessionJames, William: Session C5, Poster Session, Session H3Jenkins, Armond: Session E5Jenkins, Dale: Session A5Jenne, Christian: Poster Session, Session G1Jensen, Henning: Session G3Jermalowicz-Jones, Jennifer: Session B1Johnson, Gregory: Session H2Johnson, Robert: Session E2Jones, Dean: Session C4Jones, Jack: Session B2, Session F1Jordan, John: Session H1Josephson, Daniel: Session D1Journey, Celeste: Session F3, Session I2Jung, Sungmin: Poster Session

Karol, Kenneth G.: Session C1Karrh, Lee: Session E2Karst-Riddoch, Tammy: Session B2, Poster SessionKaufmann, Phillip: Session B4Kehoe, Gina: Session B3Kelting, Dan: Session B4, Session F4Keville, Jennifer: Session E4Kibler, Bob: Session E3Kim, Bomchul: Poster SessionKinsbaugh, Scott: Session C5Kirkwood, Julia: Poster Session, Session E4Kirsch, Janet: Session E3Kishbaugh, Scott: Session A2, Session B3Klake, Raphael: Session A2Klein, Steve: Session H2Kortmann, Bob: Session F5, Session G1Köster, Dörte: Session B2Kraft, Clifford: Session D1Kretchmer, Don: Session B5Kubersky, Edward: Session H1Kukenberger, Robert: Session F3Kwietniewski, Edward: Poster Session, Session H4, Session

H5Kwityn, Evan: Session B3, Session C3

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115Presenting authors are underlined.

LaCroix, Trea: Poster Session, Session G5Lake, Bjorn: Session I4Lauritsen, Diane: Session C2Lawrence, Gregory: Session D1Laxson, Corey: Session F4Leathem, Michael: Session G5Lei, Chengwang: Session F5Leland, Nancy: Session F2Leschied, Heather: Session D4Leskovec, Jenna: Session D1Lewandowski, Mark: Session E2Lindenschmidt, Karl-Erich: Session A4List, John: Session C3Little, John: Session A4, Session F5Loeffel, Renee: Session E3Loftin, Keith: Poster SessionLowe, Scott: Poster SessionLubnow, Fred: Session B2, Session B3, Session E2, Session I2Lundquist, Dean: Session G4

Macbeth, Eric: Poster Session, Session H3MacDonald, Bruce: Session D4Maier, Dominique Beatrice: Session B5Malick, Sarah: Poster SessionMarean, Kathleen: Poster Session, Session D1Marko, Matthew: Session F3Martin, Ben: Session C3Martin, Michael: Session B4Martin, Preston: Session H4Marzolf, Erich: Session A5Matthews, David: Session B5, Session C5Matthews, Leslie: Session B4, Session E4Maynard, Marc: Session E3McCabe, Shelley: Session A3McCarthy, Kathleen: Session H1McComas, Steve: Session D3McConnell, Chris: Poster SessionMcCusker, Andrew: Session C2, Poster SessionMcDaniel, Tana: Poster SessionMcDonald, Kate: Session I1McGlynn, Catherine: Session D2McLeod, Andrew: Session D4McMaster, Heidi: Session E3McNabb, Terry: Session G1Merrell, Kellie: Session B4, Session E4Meyers, Jacob: Session D1Michelutti, Neal: Poster SessionMihalko, John D.: Session E1Mikolajczyk, Chris: Session B2, Session B3, Session C3Miller, Jordan: Session I4Miller, Randall: Session G2Miller, Rich: Session C1Miller, Sue: Session D4Milstead, Bryan: Poster Session, Session G5Mitchell, David: Session B2Mobley, Mark: Session F5Modley, Meg: Session D2Moffitt, Christine: Session E3Molot, Lewis: Session A3, Poster SessionMoore, Barry: Session F5Moos, Melissa: Session B5Morgan, Bob: Session G1

Mueller, Nancy: Session B3, Session C5Munday, Eric: Session H4Murdock, Eric: Session C4

Nault, Michelle: Session B1, Poster SessionNeils, David: Session I4Nelson, Harry: Session G5Nelson, Kirsten: Session I4Nemecek, Russell: Session A1Netherland, Michael: Session C4Nierzwicki-Bauer, Sandra: Session D1, Session E3, Session

F2Ninos, Jim: Session G2Nitzsche, Daniel: Session H2Noonan, Joe: Session E3Novak, John: Session C2Nover, D.: Session C5

O’Donnell, Susan: Session B5Oakes, Bryant: Session G4Obrecht, Daniel: Session B2Osgood, Dick: Session A5, Session F1Otte, Marinus: Session I4

Pal, Shinjini: Session H5Paltsev, Aleksey: Session B4, Poster SessionPan, Yangdong: Session A3Parks, Syndell: Session B1Parsons, Jenifer: Session C1Pascoe, Tim: Poster SessionPaterson, Andrew: Poster Session, Session D5Peckham, Dan: Poster Session, Session G5Peng, Feng: Session C5Perkins, MaryGail: Session B3Perri, Katherine: Session B3Perris, Bethany: Poster Session, Session E4Peter, Bradley: Session I3Petkewich, Matthew: Session I2Pezzuoli, Alexander: Session E3, Session F2Phillips, Megan: Poster SessionPick, Francis: Poster Session, Session H5Pilgrim, Keith: Session G3Pollard, Amina: Session I1Poulain, Alexandre: Session H5Powe, Chris: Session A3Prescott, Megan: Poster SessionPrestigiacomo, Anthony: Session C5Preston, Al: Session C3Principe, Michael: Session I2

Racine, Marianne: Session H5Radicello, Rachael: Session I5Reavie, Euan: Poster Session, Session D5Regalado, Sean: Session B4Reitzel, Kasper: Session G3Resler, Steve: Session E3Reyes, Alejandro: Poster Session, Session D2Rezvani, Maryam: Session A4Rhoads, Tom: Session F3Ricotta, Mark: Session G4Riva Murray, Karen: Session D1Roefer, Peggy: Session C3

116116

Author Directory

Rosales, Detbra: Session H1Rosenkranz, Mark: Session G3Rosenthal, David: Session E5Rouhe, Arick: Session A3Rowell, H. Chandler: Session A4, Session B2Rubin, Sally: Session F3Rudstam, Lars G.: Session E1Rueda, Francisco: Session A4Rueter, John: Session A3Rühland, Kathleen: Poster SessionRusak, James A.: Poster SessionRuzycki, Elaine: Session A2Rydin, Emil: Session G3

Sadeghian, Amir: Session A4Saunders, Kelli: Session D5Schafran, Gary: Session E5Schantz, Leonard: Poster SessionSchell, Nora: Session D3Schenkelberg, Kraig: Session C4Schiff, Sherry: Session A3Schmidt, Jessie: Session E4Schneider, Rebecca L.: Session E1Schottler, Shawn: Session D5Schuldt, Nancy: Session A2Seeley, Mark: Poster SessionShortelle, Ann: Session A5Simmsgeiger, Patrick: Session H4Skogerboe, John: Session B1, Poster SessionSleith, Robin S.: Session C1Smith, Melissa: Poster SessionSmith, Val: Session I5Smol, John: Poster SessionSnook, Hilary: Poster Session, Session G5Snyder, Edwin: Session E5Socolofsky, Scott: Session A4Somboonlakana, Donna: Session C4Sorichetti, Ryan: Session A3Souza, Stephen: Session B3, Session C3, Session F3St. Amand, Ann: Session A2Stegmeier, Jessica: Session E3Stelzer, Erin: Poster SessionStepenuck, Kristine: Session I3Stewart, Kenton: Session C4Stewart, Robert: Session C1Struffolino, Pamela: Poster SessionSucko, Josh: Session I4Suryadevara, Janaki: Session A2Swinton, Mark: Session D1Sytsma, Mark: Session C1

Taranu, Zofia: Session H5Tedesco, Lenore: Session I5Tepatti, Sue: Poster Session, Session E4Terbush, Karen: Poster SessionTessier, Melodie: Session D4Thomas, Perry: Session D4, Session E4Thompson, Bill: Poster SessionThum, Ryan: Session B1Tietjen, Todd: Session C3Toshner, Pamela: Poster Session, Session D4Townley, Lauren: Poster Session

Trick, Charles: Session A3, Poster Session, Session G4, Session H5

True, Heather: Session I1Tucci, James: Session F2Turyk, Nancy: Session E1

Valley, Ray: Poster SessionVan de Waal, Dedmer: Session I5Van Egeren, Scott: Session B1, Poster SessionVenkiteswaran, Jason: Session A3Verschoor, Mark: Session A3Verteramo, Maxine: Poster SessionVondracek, Bruce: Session E4

Wachowiak, Mark: Poster SessionWagner, Ken: Session C1, Session I1Walker, Jenna: Session D3Walter, M. Todd: Session E1Walters, Damian: Session C1Walters, Dan: Poster Session, Session D4Waterfield, Holly: Session H5Watson, Susan: Session A3, Poster SessionWeathers, Kathleen: Session E1Weber, Megan: Session D3Welch, Eugene: Session A5, Session G3Wells, Britney: Session F2Westendorf, Michael: Session F3Wheater, Howard: Session A4Wherry, Susan: Session B2Wick, David: Session D2Wiegert, Eric: Session B3Wilhelm, Frank: Session C5, Poster Session, Session E3,

Session G5Williams, Gene: Session G3Williams, Keith: Session G2Wilson, Karen: Session C2, Poster SessionWilson, Lloyd: Session B3Windels, Steve: Poster SessionWinkler, David: Session E3Wolf, Craig: Session C3, Session H2Won, Doohee: Poster SessionWong, David: Session D3Wood, Tamara: Session B2Woolf, Tom: Session E3

Xu, Yan: Session H5

Yao, Huaxia: Poster SessionYates, Rich: Session F4, Session H2Yokota, Kiyoko: Session H5Young, William: Session F2

Zastepa, Arthur: Poster Session, Session H5Zhao, Kelin: Poster SessionZigmanth, Laura: Poster Session, Session E4

NALMS 2016B a n f f • C a n a d a

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North American Lakes Embracing Their History, Ensuring Their …z0ku333mvy924cayk1kta4r1-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp... · 2016-10-17 · 4. On behalf of the New York State Federation