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North America Region North America Region ––Geothermal developments Geothermal developments and opportunitiesand opportunitiesLuis C.A. Gutiérrez‐NegrínGeocónsul, SA de CVENAL, SA de CVMexican Geothermal Association

38th GRC Annual Meeting and GEA Geothermal Energy ExpoPortland, OR, Sept 28 ‐ Oct 1, 2014

International Panel

Geothermal power in the region

Country MWUnited States 3,442.0Philippines 1,848.0Indonesia 1,341.0Mexico 1,017.4New Zealand 960.0Italy 875.5Iceland 664.4Japan 537.0Kenya 267.5Costa Rica 207.1El Salvador 204.4Turkey 166.6Nicaragua 149.5Russia 81.9Papua‐New Guinea (Lihir Island) 56.0Guatemala 48.0Portugal (Azores Islands) 28.5China (Includes Tibet) 27.0France (Guadeloupe I. and Alsace) 17.0Germany 11.9Ethiopia 8.0Austria 1.4Australia 1.0Thailand 0.3

Total 11,961.4

- Geothermal power installed capacity in the region: 4,459.4 MW (37.2% of the total)- Running capacity: 3,528 MW (29.6% of the total)

CANADA

UNITED STATES

MEXICO

Canada: Potential geothermal resources & applications

Application / Temperature

Hydrothermal (conventional)

Hot Sedimentary Aquifers

(Co-produced fluids)

Enhanced Geothermal

Systems

Offshore geothermal

Commercial Hot Springs

Other Direct Uses

Province 120°C - 300°C 70°C - 150°C 80°C - 500°C Wide range 25°C - 42°C 20°C - 150°C

Yukon

Northwest Territories

Nunavut

British Columbia

Alberta

Saskatchewan

Manitoba

Ontario

Quebec

Newfoundland

New Brunswick

Prince Edward Island

Nova Scotia

Source: Canadian Geothermal Projects Overview 2103, Canadian Geothermal Energy Association (CanGEA).

Current Geothermal Direct Uses in CanadaBalneology‐ 158 identified hot springs in Western Canada.‐ Only 22 are currently used for recreational and therapeutic purposes in resorts and spas, out of which:‐ Two are located in Alberta: Banff and Miette.‐ 18 are in BC: Ainsworth, Ahousat, Canyon, Fairmont, Halcyon, Harrison, Cove, Hotspring Island, Iskut River, Liard, Lussier, Meager Creek, Mount Layton, Naskup, Radium, Ram Creek and Skookumchuck / St. Agnes .‐ One is in Yukon: Takhini‐‐ And one in Saskatchewan: Temple Gardens Mineral Waters.

Geothermal Heat Pumps (GHP)Low heat temperature resources for GHP can be found all over Canada.

Source: Canadian Geothermal Projects Overview 2103, Canadian Geothermal Energy Association (CanGEA)

Current Geothermal Power Projects under Development in Canada

Source: Canadian Geothermal Projects Overview 2103, Canadian Geothermal Energy Association (CanGEA)

Project Developer Province/ Territory Status / Capacity

Canoe Reach

Borealis GeoPower

British Columbia

Feasibility phase. Permit / ~15 MW

Lillooet AlterraPower

British Columbia

Unclear status. Permit.

South Meager Ram Power British 

ColumbiaUnclear status. Lease / ~200 MW

Pebble Creek Tecto Energy British 

ColumbiaFeasibility phase. Permit / 200 MW

Lakelse Borealis GeoPower

British Columbia

Feasibility phase.Permit.

Rafferty

Deep Earth Energy Production Corp.

Saskatchewan Feasibility phase. Permit / ~5 MW

Canadian National Geothermal Database  and Provincial Resource Estimate MapsALBERTA GEOTHERMAL FAVOURABILITY MAPS The Alberta Favourability Map 

project includes an estimate of Theoretical and Technical Potential as detailed by the methodology in the Global Protocol for Estimating and Mapping Geothermal Potential endorsed by the IGA. More info at: http://www.cangea.ca/alberta‐favourability‐maps.html

US: Geothermal Installed Capacity (MW) in 2012 & 2013

Total: 3,386Total: 3,442 (1.6%)

Sources:  2013 Annual U.S. Geothermal Power Production and Development Report (GEA, Apr. 2013) 2014 Annual U.S. & Global Geothermal Power Production Report (GEA, Feb. 2014)

2,7322,711

518566

3333

1616

11

3838

4873

04

Geothermal Running Capacity (MW) in 2012 & 2013

Total: 2,593Total: 2,690 (3.7%)

Source: Electric Power Monthly with Data for December 2013 (US DOE’s EIA, Feb. 2014)

2,0922,155

384404

1818

1010

11

4343

4557

02

14.4

14.8 14.7 14.6 14.614.8

15.015.2 15.3

15.6

16.5

13.0

13.5

14.0

14.5

15.0

15.5

16.0

16.5

17.0

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Gene

ratio

n in TWh

Geothermal Power Generation and Average CF

StateGeneration (GWh) Variation 

2012 2013

California 12,519 12,813 2.3%

Nevada 2,347 2,812 19.8%

Utah 335 348 3.9

Hawaii 261 275 5.4

Oregon 26 165 534.6%

Idaho 75 103 37.3%

Total 15,562 16,517 6.1%

74.7 73.3 71.9 71.868.2

66.0

50.0

55.0

60.0

65.0

70.0

75.0

80.0

85.0

90.0

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Source: Electric Power Monthly with Data for December 2013 (US DOE’s EIA, Feb. 2014)

Geothermal Projects Under Development

25

5

607

20

63

176

61

20

State Developing PCA1

Additions (2014‐2023)2

Alaska 25 0

Arizona 5 0

California 607 418.7

Colorado 20 0

Idaho 63 0

Nevada 176 33.8

Oregon 61 0

Utah 20 35.0

Total 977 487.5

Developing Planned Capacity Additions (PCA), after GEA, 2014 (Capacity in MW).25Planned US Electric Generation Unit Additions, after EIA, 2014 (Capacity in MW)

Sources:  1GEA, 2014. 2014 Annual U.S. & Global Geothermal Power Production Report. Feb. 2014.2EIA, 2014. Electric Power Monthly with Data for December 2013. Feb. 2014

Nevada2014:  8.82015: 25.0

California2015: 49.02017: 89.92018: 180.02020: 99.8

Utah2019: 35.0

Mexico: Geothermal Installed & Running Capacity

FieldCapacity (MW)

Installed RunningCerro Prieto 720 570Los Azufres 194 191Los Humeros 93.4 68.4Las Tres Vírgenes 10 10

Total 1017.4 839.4Geothermal-electric generation in 2013: 6,070 GWhAll fields and power units are owned and operated by CFE.A fifth field with potential of 75 MW.

Geothermal Fields in Operation

Capacity: 720 MW (installed), 570 MW (in operation)Wells: 160 production and 17 injectionProduction: 35 million tons of steam (60 million tons of brine)Annual power generation: 4,000 GWh(~34% of the Baja California grid)

Capacity: 194 MW (installed), 191 MW (in operation)Wells: 40 production and 6 injectionProduction: 15 million tons of steam (4.5 million tons of brine)Annual power generation: 1,500 GWhOne additional 50-MW plant in construction

Capacity: 93.4 MW (installed), 68.4 MW (in operation)Wells: 23 production and 2 injectionProduction: 5.5 million tons of steam (0.7 million tons of brine)Annual power generation: 340 GWhOne additional 25-MW plant in construction

Capacity: 10 MW (installed and running)Wells: 4 production and 1 injectionProduction: 0.8 million tons of steam (2.4 million tons of brine)Annual power generation: 55 GWh(~half of local electric demand)

Total installed capacity:53,455 MW

Annual generation:257,860 GWh

Power Sources for Public Service in 2013

Former Structure of the Power Market (before the Energy Reform)Generation Dispatch Transmission Distribution Customers

MW % of TotalComisión Federal de Electricidad (CFE) 40,604 65.0Independent Power Producers (IPP) 12,851 20.6

- Total for Public Service 53,455 85.6Self-supplying, co-generation, etc. 9,020 14.4

- Total Installed Capacity 62,475 100.0

New Structure of the Power Market (after the Energy Reform)

Generation

IPPs on CFE’sbehalf

Private co‐generators

Private representatives of generators

Transmission & Distribution

JV (The State & private investors)

Wholesale public power market, controlled by the new, autonomous CENACE

CommercializationDispatch

Commercial participants

Basic customers

Qualified customers

Main Operations and Actors in the New Power Market

SPOT MARKET

AUCTIONS

Operation control & power market

Generation

IPPs on CFE’sbehalf

Private co‐generators

Private generators & representatives of generators

Commercialization

Private commercial participants

Consumption

Qualified users

Basic users

Short‐term purchases & sales

Long‐term contracts Fixed tariffs

Elements to Boost the Geothermal Deployment

Pollutant emissions certificates. The CRE will issue a certificate for pollutants emitted by all power plants in operation. This can be traded in the wholesale power market (WPM).

Clean energy certificates. The CRE will issue a title to certify the production of electric energy produced by renewable sources or clean technologies. These titles would also be traded in the WPM.

Certificados de emisión de contaminantes

Certificados de energías limpias

The New Geothermal Law

The new Geothermal Energy Law (and the reform to three articles of the current National Waters Law) to regulate the reconnaissance, exploration and exploitation of geothermal energy to produce electricity or heat for direct uses.

The New CEMIE‐Geo

‐ Consortium of public and private universities, research institutes and companies.

‐ Started last February to develop 30 projects over the following 4 years.

The New Geothermal Energy Law

Stage Recon‐naissance Exploration Exploitation

Legal requirement Registration Permit ConcessionDuration 8 months 3 years (plus 3 years) 30 years (or more)

ActivitiesRegional geology & geochemistry

‐ Detailed geology and geochemistry‐ Geophysical surveys‐ Drilling of 1 up to 5 exploration wells‐ Related civil works

‐ Drilling of production & injection wells‐ Superficial installations‐ Plant construction & installation‐ Field management

‐ Geothermal areas of 150 km2 or less‐ Applicable to CFE, other state companies and private developers‐ Registrations, permits and concessions are mandatory, and cannot be sold  but be 

given to partners or associates‐ Applicants must have experience in geothermal development‐ Possibility of joint exploitation of the same reservoir under two different 

concessions‐ All brine must be re‐injected to the reservoir‐ Technical information obtained in the exploration permit must be given to SENER

More about the New Geothermal Energy Law‐ SENER will rule on the admissibility of applications for occupation of lands with 

probable geothermal resources at the subsurface (through the INDAABIN).‐ Registro de Geotermia: SENER will create and maintain updated a national record 

with lists of permits and concessions granted or rejected, modifications, extensions, areas, etc. It will be public.

‐ Concessions can be tendered when the concessionaire declines, or the concession is subject to early termination, revocation or forfeiture of the title.

‐ CFE has up to Dec 10th 2014 to request the SENER all the geothermal areas it wishes to continue doing work of exploration or exploitation. SENER has up to April 8th 2015 to inform the final decision, 

‐ In projects that are not of interest to the CFE, it may associate with private investors to develop some of them. The rest will be tendered.

‐ CFE have the right to sell the technical information generated as result of its past reconnaissance and exploration activities through public tenders.

‐ Preferential right to request permits or concessions for private projects (Domo San Pedro and Ceboruco Volcano) already started when the law was passed. 

‘Round 0’ for CFE

‘Round 0.5’ for early private developers

Perspectives: Total Geothermal Potential

Reserves (CFE) Resources

Hot dry rock (EGS) minimum potential (≥ 150°C):

ConfidenceLowerHigher

Hydrothermal potential (≥ 150°C): 2,336 MW