NonmetalsNonmetals

• Gases or brittle solids at room temperature.

• Low melting and boiling points

[http://universe-review.ca/I13-14-sulfur.jpg]

[http://www.lighthouse.chtr.k12.ma.us/periodic/periodicimages/iodine.jpg]

NonmetalsNonmetals

• Do not conduct electricity well (insulators).

[http://www.lighthouse.chtr.k12.ma.us/periodic/periodicimages/iodine.jpg]

NonmetalsNonmetals

• Makes up most of the mass of living organisms.

[http://www.hawcc.hawaii.edu/math/Courses/Math100/Chapter4/HomeWork/G1/BodyElements.png]

HydrogenHydrogen

• Exists as H2 when alone as an element. (diatomic)

• Is the most abundant element in the universe. (90%)

Click here for hydrogen video

Noble GasesNoble Gases

• Found in group 18 or 8A

[http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/602/616516/Media_Assets/Chapter06/Text_Images/FG06_08-03UN.JPG]

Noble GasesNoble Gases

• Have energy levels full of electrons. (8 valence)– Except Helium!

• Exist only as elements in nature, no compounds! (chemically inert)

[http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/476/488316/Instructor_Resources/Chapter_09/FG09_32.JPG]

Noble GasesNoble Gases

• Useful in lighting and for insulation purposes (windows!)

• Some are heavier/denser than air.

[http://prl.dcu.ie/gallery/gallery-images/gallery_015.jpg]

Click here for a Noble Gas Demo

HalogensHalogens

• Found in group 17 or 7A

[http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/602/616516/Media_Assets/Chapter06/Text_Images/FG06_08-03UN.JPG]

HalogensHalogens

• All have 7 valence electrons.

• React easily with Alkali Metals

[http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/media/kossel-icons/Cl.gif]

HalogensHalogens

• Most reactive nonmetals.

• Exist as diatomic molecules when alone as elements. (F2, Cl2, etc..)

Click here for Halogen Reactivity Video[http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/476/488316/

Instructor_Resources/Chapter_09/FG09_32.JPG]

Mixed GroupsMixed Groups

[http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/hillchem3/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/CH08/FG08_16.JPG]

Mixed GroupsMixed Groups

• Named for the element at the top of the group.

• Example: Group 13 Boron Group

Mixed GroupsMixed Groups

• Metalloids (or semi-metals) have properties of both metals and non-metals

• Not Aluminum!

[http://www.socorro.k12.nm.us/mars/chapter3/chemistry/metalloids/insert/table.gif]

Mixed GroupsMixed Groups

• Carbon exists as two allotropes – different forms of the same element

[http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/602/616516/Media_Assets/Chapter10/Text_Images/FG10_26.JPG]

All Carbon: Diamond vs. Graphite

[http://itl.chem.ufl.edu/2041_f97/matter/FG11_042.GIF]

The “Super Seven” are all diatomic when alone as elements!

Both Nitrogen and Oxygen are diatomic as elements (N2 & O2)!