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Nomenclature
System of naming compounds
Molecular Nomenclature
Naming covalent compounds Based on a system of prefixes
One mono- six hexa- Two di- seven hepta- Three tri- eight octa- Four tetra- nine nona- Five penta- ten deca-
Examples of Molecular Names
CO2
CO P2O5
CCl4
Ion
Formed when electrons are added or removed from an atom
Gain electrons – become negative - Anion Lose electrons – become positive - Cation
Why Form Ions
Atoms gain or lose electrons to end up with the same number of electrons as the nearest noble gas
Predict the charges expected byO
Ba
Ion Generalizations
Metals generally form + charges, while non-metals form – charges
Ionic compounds tend to be composed of a metal combined with a non-metal
Molecular compounds usually are two non-metals
Polyatomic Ions
Atoms joined in a molecule but have a net charge– (SO4)2-
– NO3 -
Finding Formulas from Names
Calcium nitrate Copper (I) carbonate
Names from Formulas
AlCl3 K(NO3)
Al2O3
Fe3(PO4)2
Acid Names
Acids all start with an H For binary acids (H and one other element),
start with prefix hydro- and end with suffix –ic
Oxyacids
H, O and another element If anion has an –ate ending, give acid an –ic
ending If anion has an –ite ending, give acid an –ous
ending