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An intro and overview of reproductive Physiology. A description of Ovarian Physiology
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NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
1
REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY:
INTRODUCTION & OVERVIEWBy
Dr. M. Anthony David, MD
Professor of Physiology
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
2
A DIVIDED HUMANKIND
MALE FEMALE
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
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WHY THE DIVISION? SRY
SPEG
S Region of the Sex Chromosome Y
A Single Pair Of Endocrine Glands
Testes or Ovaries!
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
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ARE MEN AND WOMEN THE SAME?
MEN ARE FROM MARS
WOMEN ARE FROM VENUS
THEY MET ON PLANET EARTH!
- John Gray
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
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GENETIC SEX DETERMINATION
MEIOSIS MEIOSIS
44XX
44XX
44XY
22X
22X
22Y
22X
22X
22X
22 XPolar Bodies
22 XPolar Bodies
44XX
44XY
FEMALE
MALE
OVA SPERMS22 X
22 X
22 Y
22 Y
ZYGOTES
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
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SEX DETERMINATION, DIFFERENTIATION & DEVELOPMENT
ZYGOTE
BIPOTENTIALPRIMORDIA
22X
22X
44XY 44
XX
MIS
T
FEMALE INTGENITALIA
DHTMALEINT & EXT
GENITALIA
T
FEMALE INTGENITALIA
MALE
FEMALE
EMBRYONALGONADS
22 Y 22 X
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
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SEX DETERMINATION, DIFFERENTIATION & DEVELOPMENT
ADULTGONADSTESTIS
OVARY
DHT ESTROGENS
SECONDARYSEXUAL
CHARACTERISTICS
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
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GONADAL DEVELOPMENT
CORTEX MEDULLA
INDIFFERENT GONAD
TESTIS OVARY
PRIMORDIALGONAD
Effect of SRY
BYDEFAULT
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
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DEVELOPMENT OF EXTERNAL GENITALIA
INDIFFERENT STAGE
VII – VIIIth WEEK OF INTRA UTERINE LIFE: differentiation begins
XIIth WEEK OF I.U.L: Differentiation becomes clear.
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
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GENETIC SEX DETERMINATION ABERRATIONS
MATERNAL NON DISJUNCTION:TURNER’S SYNDROME OR GONADAL
DYSGENESIS: GENOME: 44 XOSUPERFEMALE:? NORMAL: 44 XXXKLINE FELTER’S SYNDROME:
SEMENIFEROUS TUBULE DYSGENESIS: 44 XXY
LETHAL: 44 YO
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
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MATERNAL NON DISJUNCTION 1
44XX
22XX
220
22 X
44XO
22 X
44XXX
TURNER’S SYNDROME
SUPERFEMALE
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
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MATERNAL NON DISJUNCTION 2
44XX
220
22XX
22 Y
22 Y
44YO
44XXY
LETHAL: NOTCOMPATIBLEWITH LIFE
KLINE FELTERSSYNDROME
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
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HERMAPHRODITISM
TRUE HERMAPHRODITISM:XX/XY MOSAICISMHAS BOTH OVARIES & TESTES
PSEUDO HERMAPHRODITISM:GENETIC FEMALES WITH MALE
EXT.GENITALIA: ENLARGED CLITORISGENETIC MALES WITH FEMALE EXT.
GENITALIA
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
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REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY : an Overview:
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY : Basics
OVARIAN PHYSIOLOGY MENSTRUAL CYCLE PHYSIOLOGY OF PREGNANCY FETAL PHYSIOLOGY
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
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PHYSIOLOGY OF PARTURITION PHYSIOLOGY OF LACTATION MALE REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY CONTRACEPTIVE PHYSIOLOGY ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE
PHYSIOLOGY
REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
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TIME
FOR A BREAK
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
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BACK TO LEARNING…
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
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OVARIAN PHYSIOLOGY
ByDr.M.Anthony David MDProfessor of Physiology
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
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THE JOURNEY OF THE PRIMORDIAL OVARIAN FOLLICLES
7,000,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
30,000
500
2, or 3
1
IUL: PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLESATRESIA, LOSS
AT BIRTH OF THE GIRL: NEONATE50% ATRESIA
INFANCY: 0 – 1 YearATRESIA
AT PUBERTYATRESIA
CHOSEN TO BE STIMULATEDBETWEEN 15 – 45 Years
COMPLETE THE II MEIOTIC DIVISION IN THE LIFETIME
RESULTS IN YOU!
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
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CONGRATULATIONS!
YOU ARE ONE IN SEVEN MILLION!
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
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OOGENESIS: FETAL LIFE
BEGINS IN FETAL LIFE OOGONIA ARE THE PRIMORDIAL CELLS
WHICH DIVIDE AGAIN AND AGAIN. THEY ARE ALL DIPLOID ALL THE DIVISIONS IN THIS PHASE ARE
MITOTIC. THE FINAL DIVISION, THE IST MEIOTIC ONE,
BEGINS IN THE PRIMARY OOCYTE
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
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OOGENESIS IN THE CHILDHOOD
THE PRIMARY OOCYTES CONTINUE THEIR MEIOTIC DIVISION THROUGH THE CHILDHOOD.
THEY COMPLETE THEIR FIRST PHASE OF MEIOTIC OR REDUCTION DIVISION AT OVULATION.
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
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OOGENESIS AT PUBERTY
THE PRIMARY OOCYTE COMPLETES ITS FIRST MEIOTIC DIVISION.
ONE SECONDARY OOCYTE AND THE FIRST POLAR BODY ARE FORMED.
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
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OOGENESIS: COMPLETION AT FERTILIZATION
THE PROCESS OF OOGENSIS IS COMPLETED AT FERTILIZATION.
THE SECOND MEIOTIC DIVISION IS COMPLETED AFTER FERTILIZATION
A HAPLOID OVUM AND POLAR BODIES ARE FORMED.
THIS OVUM MAY TAKE PART IN FERTILIZATION
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
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OOGENESIS: A SCHEMA
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
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FOLLICULAR GROWTH
THE FOLLICLES GROW ALONG WITH THE OVA IN THE OVARY.
THE STAGES OF FOLLICULAR GROWTH ARE:PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLEPRIMARY FOLLICLEVESICULAR FOLLICLEMATURE FOLLICLE (Graafian Follicle)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
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MATURE GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE THE OOCYTE IS ENVELOPED BY
GRANULOSA CELLS: THECA GRANULOSA THERE IS AN ANTRUM FILLED WITH FLUID
IN THE GRANULOSA CELLS A STALK: CUMULUS OOPHORUS ATTACHES
TO THE OOCYTE AROUND THE GRANULOSA CELLS ARE THE
THECA CELLS THE MATURE FOLLICLE IS ABOUT 1.5 cms.
IN DIAMETER
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
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A MATURE GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
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GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE TO CORPUS LUTEUM
FROM THE MATURE GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE, THE OVUM IS RELEASED.
THIS IS THE PROCESS OF OVULATION, THE CENTRAL EVENT OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE.
THE FOLLICLE WHICH IS EMPTY OF THE OVUM DEVELOPS INTO THE CORPUS LUTEUM.
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
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GROWTH OF AN OVARIAN FOLLICLE
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
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FUNCTIONS OF ESTROGENS
ON GENITALIA: THEY INCREASE:BLOOD SUPPLY OF UTERUSTHE UTERINE MYOMETRIUMGROWTH OF OVARIAN FOLLICLES
ON BEHAVIOUR: INCREASE LIBIDO: THE SEX DRIVE
ON SODIUM & WATER:CAUSES RETENTION
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
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SYNTHETIC FORMS OF ESTROGENS
DIETHYL ESTRADIOL DIETHYL STILBESTEROL CAN BE GIVEN ORALLY INDICATED IN CASES OF POLYCYSTIC
OVARIAN DISEASE AND OTHER DISEASES.
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
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