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Alain DereuxCoordinator of NoE FP6 IST Plasmo-nano-devices
[email protected]://www.plasmonanodevices.org
Department of Nanosciences Submicron Optics & Sensors Group
Institut Carnot - Université de BourgogneF-21078 Dijon France
NoE Plasmo-nano-devices
Plasmonics Roadmap
Plasmonics potential applications
Optical data storage : Asia ahead
aim : high density, fast, low cost R/W optical storage
Biosensing : strong competition between USA and Europe
aim : improved SNR of molecules requiring fluorescent marker free detection
Reduced size optical components : Europe ahead
aim (short term) : telecom components, LED, photodetectorsaim (long term) : optical computer toolkit
NB: 1) all areas of applications require characterisation by near-field optical microscopy (Europe ahead)
2) US redirect efforts from PBG to Plasmonics MURI projects (led by Stanford & Caltech) involve
Yablonovitch (UCLA), Capasso (Harvard), etc...
FP6 projects devoted to plasmonics
STREP Nano Surface Plasmon Photonics (2004-2006)coord: Prof. W. Barnes (UEX) 1.7 MeurosPartners = subset of NoE partners => synergies with NoE
NoE IST Plasmo-Nano-Devices (2004-mid 2008)coord: Prof. A. Dereux (UB) 4 Meuros + CH funds
NoE triggered 2 STREP's involving subsets of NoE partners + industries
STREP IST PLEAS (2006-2009)coord : Dr. R. Stanley (CSEM) 3.5 MeurosIndustries : OSRAM & SAGEM
STREP IST Plasmocom (2006-2009)coord: Prof. A. Zayats (QUB) 2.5 MeurosIndustry : SILIOS
NoE Consortium
1 UB Université de Bourgogne (COORD.) F Dereux 2 UEX University of Exeter UK Barnes3 AAU Aalborg Universitet DK Bozhevolnyi4 LZH Laser Zentrum Hannover D Chichkov5 ULP Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) F Ebbesen6 TUD Technische Universität Dresden D Eng7 UAM Universidad Autonoma Madrid E Garcia-Vidal8 CEMES CNRS Toulouse F Girard9 WWU Universität Münster D Fischer10 CSEM Neuchatel CH Heinzelmann11 KFUG Universität Graz A Krenn12 Kodak Kodak Ltd Harrow UK Moore13 UZ Universidad de Zaragoza E Martin-Moreno14 EPFL Lausanne CH Martin15 MMP Micro Managed Photons (until 2004) DK Madsen16 QUB Queen's University Belfast UK Zayats17 Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg S Kall18 ICFO Institut Ciences Fotoniques, Barcelona E Quidant
NoE basic data
START January 2004 (First FP6 call)END December 2007, extended to june 2008
Personnels : 62 scientists, technicians (permanent staff)+ approx. 20 PhD students+ average of 18 Post-docs paid by NoE+ Management : 1,5 person paid by NoE
BUDGET
~1 MEuros / year (Mostly added costs, not including CH funding)
RESEARCH 67% 90% deliverables Y1, Y2 met
SPREADING 15% deliverables Y1, Y2 met
INTEGRATION 11% deliverables Y1, Y2 met
MANAGEMENT 7% deliverables Y1,Y2 met
NoE Objectives
Dynamical allocation of resourcesTesting a new decision & governance structure only possible at the European level
Changing the way research is carried out
Miniaturisation of photonic components able to carry electrical and optical signals
Scientific & Technical Objectives relevant to Priority 2 IST - Micro & Nanosystems
OBJECTIVES MEANS
NoE Major Spreading Events
Surface Plasmon Photonics 2 – Graz – Austria – May 2005 Full NoE support – 240 participantsGordon Res. Conf. On Plasmonics – Keene -USA – July 2006Partial NoE support (150 participants)Near-Field Optics 9 – Lausanne – Switzerland – Sept 2006 Partial NoE support – 365 participants Plasmonics & Nanotechnologies – Singapore -Dec. 2006Partial NoE support – 200 participantsNANOMETA – Seefeld - Austria – January 2007Partial NoE support together with NoE's PHOREMOST & METAMORPHOSE300 participants (expected)Surface Plasmon Photonics 3 – Dijon – France – June 2007Full NoE support – 350 participants (expected)
Introduction to Surface Plasmon
● SP are evanescent waves that can propagate along the interface to which they are bound. Their vertical confinement makes them very attractive for optical devices in coplanar geometry
● The progress of SP-based photonic devices requires the development of elements providing the control of SP 2D propagation => “optical” elements for SP
● SP interaction with defects provides paths tocontrol SP propagation => controlled micro-structuration of metal films is a tool for the development of SP optical elements
● The controlled micro-structuration of metal films also offers the possibility of SP waveguiding on metal stripes
● The development of SP propagation control elements also requires the development of characterization tools in order to obtain information, and quantitative information if possible, of the involved mechanisms => in this work: near-field (PSTM) characterization
incSPk t
SPk refSPk
sc0k
scSPk
NoE roadmap towards plasmonic devices
Status : WP's in progress
Trends towards telecom applications
Currently explored
Currently explored
Currently explored, recent advances
Dynamic components
Thermo-optical modulation
Electro-optical modulation
Electro-mechanical modulation
Surface Plasmon (all optical) Transistor
Integrated light sources & Biosensors
Surface Plasmon Laser (SPASER)
Nanostructured MIM and MIS junctions
SPP enhanced LED and photodetectors
SERS, SP & optical tweezers for biosensing
Passive components – SPP routing
Y-splitter, Mach-Zehnder, etc...
Status : well developed
at fundamental level
Trends towards telecom applications
(STREP Plasmocom)
Status : WP's in progress
Currently explored
Currently explored
Trends towards applications
(STREP PLEAS)
Currently explored
SPP routing strategies
Metal Stripes Berini (Ottawa), PRB 2000 ;
Weeber (Dereux' group) et al (Krenn's & Ebbesen's groups) ,PRB 2001-2003
Thin films /TIR or end-fire coupling
Diel. WG on metal Hohenau (Krenn's group) et al, Opt. Lett. 2005
Thin or thick fims / coupling : TIR, end-fire
Plasmonic Crystals Kitson (Barnes' group) et al, PRL 1996; Bozhevolnyi et al, PRL 2001
Thin films/ TIR coupling
Crystalline metal nanowires Ditlbacher (Krenn's group) et al, PRL 2005
Very thin nanostructures / coupling : end-fire
Channel SPP WG Novikov & Maradudin (Irvine), PRB 2002;
Bozhevolnyi et al (Ebbesen's group), Nature 2006
Thick films / coupling : end-fire
Hole arrays & hole arrays components
Devaux (Ebbesen's group) et al (Dereux' group) , APL 2003
Thick films / coupling : normal incidence
Reflected beam
Observation plane
Tip: tapered optical fiber,
coated by Au/Cr layer
k
Polarizer Incident beam
Focusing lens
Ti: sapphire laser
Microscope objective
Optical fiber
Photomultiplier
I/V amplifier
Computer
PSTM signal
Prism
Sample
Feedback Z-piezo control
STM signal
Near-field characterization -Photon Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (PSTM)
Surface plasmon characterization
TiO2 dielectric waveguides @ lambda = 633 nm(height 150 nm, width 200 nm)
Near-field characterisationSEMSEM
R. Quidant, J.C. Weeber, A. Dereux, D. Peyrade, C. Girard, Europhys. Lett. 57, 191 (2002)
SPP on metal stripes
Weeber, Krenn, Dereux, Phys. Rev. B (2001)
Weeber, Lacroute, Dereux, Phys. Rev. B (2003)
Barnes, Dereux, Ebbesen, Nature (2003)
SPP Bragg mirrors on extended thin films
5.00 V
-0.00 V
0 20000 400000
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
X[nm]
Y[n
m]
Bragg SP mirror made of Au lines, Inc. Angle = 45°, d=557 nm
Far-field characterisation
Near-field characterisation
SEM image
=2.4 m
5 µm
=2.4 m
5 µm
SP mirror integrated into a metal stripe:10 lines, d=557 nm, δ=2.4 µm
L = -l10 og (I2 I3 /I1 I4)
L=2.8 dB
R =52%
SP mirrors integrated in SP waveguides
= d1+d2= d1+d2
Stripe SPP : right-angle splitter
N=5 N=3
0 10 20 300
10
20
30
X (µm)
Y (µ
m)
3.50 V
-0.00 V
0 10 20 300
10
20
30
X (µm)
Y (µ
m)
3.50 V
-0.00 V
R = 50 %
T = 20 %
0 10 20 300
10
20
30
X (µm)
Y (µ
m)
4.00 V
-0.00 V
0 10 20 300
10
20
30
X (µm)
Y (µ
m)
4.00 V
-0.00 V
R = 40 %
T = 40 %
J..C. Weeber, M.U. Gonzalez, A.L. Baudrion, A. Dereux, APL 87, 221101 (2
Channel Surface Plasmon
Bozhevolnyi(AAU)& Ebbesen(ULP)groups
(Nature 2006)
123°
ΓK
kSPPinc
123° ΓMkSPP
inc
kSPPincΓK
ΓM
ΓM
ΓK
2π
a√3
2πaπ π
Plasmonic crystals
Sample fabrication: e-beam lithography.Au ridges on a gold thin film.
Thickness of the extended film: 70nm
Height of the ridges: 60nm
Period of the ridges: 380nm
Width of the channels: from 1.5 to 3.0 microns
1D Plasmonic crystals
W=1.5 µm W=2.0 µm
W=2.5 µm W=3.0 µm
Confinement in the absence of transverse Bragg reflection @ 800nm
Weeber (UB)
Holes array SP toolkit
Ebbesen (ULP) & Dereux (UB) groups
Holes array SP toolkit
Holes array SP toolkit
Holes array optical switch
Ebbesen (ULP) group
Holes array optical switch
Ebbesen (ULP) group
SP enhanced Photodetectors
Eng (TUD) & Barnes (UEX) group
Surface Plasmon Diode
Krenn (KFUG) group
Surface plasmon diode
Krenn (KFUG) group
MIS junction for SP excitation
Eng (UD) & Dereux (UB) groups
SERS, SP, optical tweezer for biosensing
Kall (Chalmers) & Quidant (ICFO) groups
