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CONTROLSThe Age of Intelligent Systems Has Arrived
…I REALLY LOVE MY JOB !
ASU EE Pathways Seminar
Wednesday, February 3rd 2016
Arizona State University
Armando A. Rodriguez
Professor of Electrical Engineering
Intelligent Embedded Systems Laboratory (IeSL)
GWC 352, [email protected]
http://aar.faculty.asu.edu
Revolutionary Times
For the first time in history, amazing new
computing technologies are becoming
accessible to the masses!
- Intelligent Systems Are Coming….
- Intelligent Systems Require Feedback…
- This is what controls is about!
Acknowledgements
• Sponsors
– White House, NSF, NASA, DARPA, AFOSR,
WAESO
– CEINT, Honeywell, Intel, Microsoft, Boeing,
Xilinx, SEMY, Mathworks, Tektronix, AT&T
• My Students!
Outline
• What Is Controls?
• Where Is Controls Used?
• Courses
• Controls Faculty
• Job Opportunities
• Ongoing Technological Revolution
What is Controls?
What Is Controls?
r e u
di do
K P
n
y
Controller Plant
• Design K s.t. closed loop system exhibits
stability and high performance. (Want y = r)
- P : Physical System/Process to be Controlled
- K : System to be Designed
actual outputdesired output
controlerror
sensor noise
disturbances
Example: Vehicle Cruise Control
• P - Vehicle
• r - Speed reference command (desired speed)
• y - Actual speed
• u - Fuel flow to engine
• K - Controller
– Want y = r
– Actual speed to follow speed commands
Issues• Nonlinear Dynamics
– Ordinary/partial differential equations– Saturating actuators (hard control limits); Rate limits
• Noninvertible Dynamics– Instabilities (unbounded solutions, characteristic roots in open right half plane)– Time delays and other lag effects
• Uncertainty – only nominal models are available– Dynamic
• Actuator and sensor dynamics
• High frequency parasitics
– Structural modes (e.g. flexible spacecraft); Time delays (e.g. CVD furnace)
– Parametric: Masses, aerodynamic coefficients, friction coefficients, etc.– Stochastic Disturbances and Sensor Noise
• Amplitude, mean, variance, and spectral content
• Digital Implementation Issues– Sampling and actuation rates– Analog-to-digital and Digital-to-analog - speed, resolution,
quantization/reconstruction error– Measurement noise, time delays (phase lag), and nonlinearities
Research: Need Systematic Control System Design Methodology
• Modeling, Simulation, Analysis
- Determination of Realistic Design Specifications
• Design Control System (via Model-Based Optimization)
- typically on the basis of linearized models
- gain scheduling (“glue” control design together)
• Evaluate design using hi-fidelity simulator
• Design Implementation (Rapid prototyping)
- computer, microprocessor, DSP, FPGAs
• Hardware Evaluation
NOTE: Control system design process is highly iterative!
Control System Design Process
Where is
Controls Used?
CLAIM:
Controls Is Everywhere…
…It is InherentlyMultidisciplinary
... it touches all disciplines…
•Acoustic - acoustic cancellation for a concert hall;
intelligent hearing devices
•Aerospace - altitude hold system for aircraft; all-weather
landing system; control of remotely piloted vehicles; launch
vehicles; control of reconfigurable aircraft
•Automation and Manufacturing – coordination of
autonomous robots; resource allocation within a
semiconductor fabrication facility
•Biological - neuromuscoloskeletal control systems;
cardiovascular control systems; disease and epidemic
containment
What Needs To Be Controlled?
What Needs To Be Controlled?
• Capital Investment - variable risk securities portfolio
risk/return; asset management
• Defense - high performance fighters; tactical missiles; ballistic
missile theatre defense; guidance and navigation; combat
assault helicopters
• Ecological - global warming and ozone depletion policy
• Economics - money supply and interest rate management
• Electrical/Chemical - diffusion furnaces; semiconductor
processes; read/write head control for storage
• Mechanical - active suspension for mobile laboratory
• Materials - control of smart composite (deformable) materials
What Needs To Be Controlled?• Medical - control of telemedical robotic systems (e.g. microscope
positioning and vibration suppression) for precision surgery
• Nuclear - temperature control for nuclear reactor
• Ocean - depth control for underwater exploration vehicle; submarine
• Public Policy - resource allocation for urban planning and homeland
security
• Space Based Surveillance - pointing control system for telescopic imaging,
weather, surveillance, monitoring system; satellites
• Space Exploration – interplanetary probes, crew exploration vehicle,
robotic vehicles (e.g. Mars rovers)
• Structural - active earthquake control for skyscrapers
Pretty Amazing
List!
Does the list help you understand
what control engineers do?
Courses
Control CoursesUndergraduate Courses
Fundamentals: Circuits 1: EEE202
MAT: ODE, Laplace, Linear Algebra
Signals and Systems: EEE 203, 304
(Frequency domain)
Classical Feedback Theory: EEE 480 (Basic concepts, simple designs)
Computer Controlled Systems: : EEE 481 (Discrete, embedded control)
Graduate EE Courses:
Linear (582) & Nonlinear (586) Systems, Transform Theory (550)
Robust Multivariable (588), Optimal (587), Neural Nets (511)
Filtering of Stochastic Processes (581), Adaptive Control (686)
Other Courses:
System Identification, Applied Optimization, Numerical Analysis
MSE Exam: 480-481-581-582-586-587; + selection from 588, 511
Get Your MS…
…it will open many doors!
…more $$$
…flexibility
…will permit you to work on
much cooler problems!!!
• EE Faculty:
Lai, Rodriguez, Si, Tsakalis
• Topics:
System Modeling, Control Systems Design,
Neural Networks, Adaptive and Learning Systems,
Fault Detection, Real-Time Control Applications
• Applications:
Aerospace (aircraft/missile design/control, optimal path planning)
Semiconductor Manufacturing (process control, scheduling)
Power Systems (design, generation, distribution, control)
Biomedical Applications (prosthetics, neuroscience, design, control)
Robotics (design, control, path planning)
Control Systems Faculty
Job Opportunities
Job Opportunities
• Aerospace: Boeing, Lockheed Martin, NASA, Orbital Sciences,
Raytheon, United Technologies, etc.
• Automotive: Chrysler, Ford, GM, etc.
• Chemical: Exxon Mobil, Pfizer, Proctor and Gamble, etc.
• Communications: AT&T, Verizon, etc.
• Energy: General Electric, Honeywell, SRP, etc.
• Financial: Goldman Sachs, JPMorgan, etc.
• Medical: Medtronics, etc.
• Networks: Cisco, etc.
• Robotics: Boston Dynamics, Caterpillar, Sandia, etc.
• Semiconductors: AMD, Applied Materials, Intel, IBM, TI, etc.
• Software: MathWorks, Microsoft, etc.
• Etc…
...think multidisciplinary…do NOT close doors unnecessarily!
Thank You
Very Much!!!
…GO CONTROLS !!!!!
Participate
in Ongoing
Technological Revolution!!!
New Technologies are Coming!
• New Propulsion Technologies
• Smart Materials and Structures
• Miniature Electromechanical Systems (MEMs), Nanotechnology, Spintronics
• Optical, Biological, and Quantum Computing Machines
• Distributed Computation
• New Sensing and Actuation Technologies
• Regenerative and Personalized Medicine
• System-on-a-Chip Solutions
Battery Technology for
Electric Vehicles
9-19-13 Solid state battery
could double range
Green Biofuels
Advanced
Communications:
Cognitive Radio
Massive Storage Density
Memory; e.g. Library of
Congress on a chip
Content-Rich Mobile
Libraries
Early Disease Diagnosis
DNA Sequencing - cost
has been dramatically
reduced
Immersive Teaching
Software
Online Learning for All
Advanced Super
Computers
China Tianhe-2
33.86 petaFlops (10^15)
High Speed Rail
Vaccines for Every Flu
Strain
Advanced Prosthetics
Personalized
Prescriptions – medicine
is become personalized!
Disposal of
Toxic/Radioactive Waste
Real-Time Language
Translation - currently ~
5Kwords/day, $0.12/word
Regenerative Medicine -
Organ Growth, testing
medicines on human cells
Air Traffic Control
Self-Sufficient Buildings
Cell-Targeting Medicine
Advanced Armour
Hypersonic Vehicles; e.g. X-
43A (M7, 10, 2004), X-51 (M5,
300 sec, 5-2013)…heat driven
design
Advanced Robotic Systems
Smart Energy Grid
Efficient Cost Effective
Solar Cells
10-9-13 44.7% efficiency
Nanotechnology; e.g.
carbon nanotubes
2012 (Nature) – IBM spintronics memory breakthrough
10-11-2013 – “Iron Man” Tactical Assault Light Operator Suit (Talos) - US Army, MIT, nanotechnology, msec liquid armour, on board computer, enhanced situational awareness, night vision, enhanced strength, walk through stream of bullets, life support, etc.
USAF Flapping Wing MAVs: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5YkQ9w3PJ4
Prosthetic Arm: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_qUPnnROxvY
29
SOME VIDEOSRenewable Energy
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/science-channel/34234-ecopolis-biofuel-video.htm (Algae, goto 1:20)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1cysaOnlv_E (20% Renewable Energy by 2020)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-XSr5BhAXSw (ASU Biodesign Institute)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oy8dzOB-Ykg (Hydrogen fuel cells for cars)
Boston Dynamics’ BIG DOG
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W1czBcnX1Ww
NASA X-43A Scramjet-Powered Hypersonic Vehicle – Mach 7, 10 (2004)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IiBsD-cafH8
Boeing 787 Dreamliner
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-10635444
Carbon Nanotubes
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQAK4xxPGfM
http://vega.org.uk/video/programme/71
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ikYhyjPjKBs
Regenerative Organs/Medicine
http://interactmd.com/content/organ-regeneration-talk-video (goto 11 min)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M7eM3zOffI4
Personalized Medicine
http://www.technologyreview.com/video/?vid=524
Supercomputers
http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/most-popular-supercomputing-videos/ (goto 55sec)
Electronic Devices
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xPIbGq634yU (Spintronics)
Intellectual Property
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Yp_Xj6YshM
Thank You
Very Much!!!
…GO CONTROLS !!!!!