ni%Gwwnisrailsai~ - 3do1.Y~

(Past and Present of Lao Politics Development)

I

n.n.1217 - n.n.1272 ; w.rruik (Lang) Jnma3~Gs~n;urrt~%u~na~ I --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I

n .R.I 279 - n.n. 1298 I oimiO'n.rqIv<u 4hdnn.r~ ~Imucri oUunud7 LLMJI~RM~~IOI I GuunurGa~~Ba~n~ r q u ~ n a ~ ~7n~airnu' i 5 u ~ d i ~ilurhu

I ~Qvo~namacloinlnu I ""'-"""""'---------T---------------------------------------------------*-------------------w--

I Y C C

n.R.1353 - n.fi.1373 1 ~Gibh$~ilun ~.rudnn.ra~aimi5n.r4iuQ1~ i lr%nianf

I I v ~ ~ n u m ~ n i a ~ ~ ~ r i a ~ i ~ ~ n I ----------.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------"----- I

n.fl.1574 - n.n. 15781 o i m i ~ k u ~ i ~ r h u ~ d ~ 6 1 n ~ ~ u ~ d a ~ b u v o ~ ~ ~ 1 a n t ~ n I W a i l ~ ~ a f l L ~ ~ ~ U L L R M ~ M Q I ~ ~ \ M ~ "?I. 1603

,,,,-,--,,,,,,,,-,,--------II--I--II--I---I-II--II-*II-II.---------------------------------------------- I

n.fi.1821 - n.fi.1713 ; i jni .rdo~u~~udd~m'tlY'~~~n"diua'i~ niutl&nlinid 1 h e a m (Souligha Vongsa) iio~~ritnnnn ~~~nis~LriJ~Ld3

w a g I I udut d n u u s m ~ ~ r i u n u n r cl ~ ~ r r i ~ l i ~ u u n t uumu I dnnra~~ i lu 3 u a u Go w n a ~ w 3 t u i d ~%dung uat j d i h h lug n.n. 1713

1 I

& I n.n. 1867 - n.n.1887 : dftbnd%it Doudart de lagre un:: Francis Garnier L ~ J I I

n.n.1940 - n.n.1945 ~ I U ~ Q ~ ~ R J ~ ~ ~ ~ Q ~ : (Matsuoka-Henry Pad) L ~ O ~ A C Q I I fiw~n~:cr.h~d$~~n~n'u'l,nu mnntI%~uunuhtnziunnm

- I

----------rr--------"------i--d--------*----*-r--r------r--.-&---------------------------------------

~1.41.1949 1 61alnqaou r tsu ih77d6r i p t a n oan'wa~a'i a3: (Lao

j People's Liberation Army - LPLA) $uu7 ? 5 u ~ a n ~ a ~ ~ m i u

: l6a~1uoan'n~.r~~arn~u~$1?auvu~un1sl~ dC(n~uunu

" Z u ' - ~1.41.1950 I I u u a u n ~ s d : ~ n ~ m i (Pathet Lao) b n t s g u ~ a P ~ r j b u u ~

; d o $ i ~ u ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ & n ~ o $ ~ u ~ f ~ " r o a u ~ ~ n v o d m ~ u d d f ~ r ~ ~ I (French Union)

• ~1.41.1951 I wnnnoutaiitv6~lm%~, (Indochinese Communist Party) I

; r+ut iobIua~a rvur uez~:oslu~u , I ----*------------------------------------------------------------------*------------------------------------ I

, I f1.41.1953 I R U % % ~ ~ I C ~ ~ U R - ~ ~ ~ (Franco-Lao Treaty) ~ I ~ ~ D W ~ I M O

u m r : ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ R ~ ? ~ ~ I O U ~ Y ~ ~ L I Y I I J R I ~ (RLG) ~401% j Bmn~w uri k n d i & i i 1 & n ~ 1 3 I

-----------------i----------------------------------------------m--------------------------------____ I

~1.41.1954 I fl1ar~ds:~u~oan~udf::~n41"au~~l~u$n~a~o~a1 n1u6 1 nnaas:~i1adfat~~n'ur3un~un' (Viet Minh) ~ d a 20 n.R.

j F1.41.1954 1 n a ~ i m ~ r f f i 6 q - h ~jumiu66u1baoa1a3yrYu

; C ~ ~ J L R R B : ~ O U ~ ~ I R ~ Q O ~ W O I ~ ~ I ~ A ~ ~ R I U ~ 0 4 6 1 ~ L ~ U

1 w ~ m ~ ~ ~ n t $ a d u I

---,----,---,---------------I----,-----------,,,,,---r,---,.--------------------,,,-,r---------,---,---,,

I

PS 476 8 1

I

'If l l t L ? R l

I n.fl.1955 IU~N:L~U~~~~~LR~W'I'IC~~'I::'II<~~W~~ (Phak I

Passason Lao) Lao People's Party -LPP I

L -------------- --------- ----------- - ----- .................................... I

n.n.1956 - n.cl.1957 : wnn RLG (Royal Laos Government) ~o'IolF1dutnunfMqn 1 D~rYuuuqun7alr!nnslm d omuuqun7dr ~n~nm16~01k~

I wnnniatni( (Lao Patriotic Front = LPF) ,,,,-,,,,,A ,,,,,,,,----------- L ------- --------------- ............................................ - ------ ----

n.fl.1958 j wnn LPF w : n ~ d c m ~ u ~ u n n ~ " ~ ~ n ~ ~ d ~ u ~ u " n n ~ ~ ~ v l ~ I %7G (National Assembly) fi DUl f~u l~uod ~ b i s p n ~ U 7 l 8 i I

n 7 o o n ~ i ; o ~ ~ ~ n f i n n ~ ~ ~ ' ~ u 3 7 ~ 1 ~ 7 ~ i n ~ 7 u ~ ~ 7 (Rightist) h : t'~auEdvinu n.n.1958 111~171<alaun7'1d~uadsi73y u I

1 I nu:3ndC~n k~r ' lu~~~uu~Omul~ f lwnn LPF +auks

-----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------

fl.cl.1960 I I flqli?? ~ E ~ Q I €I& (Kouprasith Abhay) l/jri08d?+u7~$~~7 I ud 6irnmw u l u l r r r i ~ i q d ' t : : ~ i ' t I n u n ~ ~ ~ w ~ n i u n ~ ~ 9

I '.wqnu n.cl.1960 iouronno~un lfldfi%~fluunrhdo I : ~ n t $ d ? ~ ~ s l ~ i l u n ~ i ~ u d w n n d ~ u u ~ ~ d r i ~ l n u ~ i i wu~fin 1 u7uw ~uocleviu l6dstn7cldoci7uuned'1t:n7cln~ I I i'un7~dn (Martial Law) dFnouun i o u ronnod~~~?uuou I

I ~ I ~ I ~ ~ ~ X ~ ~ L ~ ~ ~ ~ N ~ U I L O ~ ~ ~ L I ~ T J dou7 ~i iauhmnu I I fl.n.1960 U~L~WRCJ M ~ D c l ~ M ~ ~ L ~ 7 8 ~ n ~ d ~ ~ ~ d ~ ~ n u '

I

1 stu:~6~lqn'u?~ u l n h ~ ? u n i i ~ $ u ~ ~ u ~ ~ u ~ 7 ? z q n I z d n ~ d : n'Y%u~onn a w n ~~znodn"wuuqunclrd~n~n7~ (Pathet Lao)

I

n.n.1961 I ~iinnaiu~uau~uaiu6iut'~ui~aiad~n6od F;O i H u i a ~ o i

I I a;as.rrunuilmuiid.r:~nmlun~'unouOa(iadiu.ro~ U riau 6 ad : ~ u i a ~ 6 7 ~ ~ f u f ! a @n;sJ~4u~~unu nudsernndiumziumn

I

1 iu.ro~ SJ Lf i~ni~d:n:d~$<~~~id~u'n ~0uualflnvi.rain j i iunuiu~vio l;iiui~6ua~'oa I """""""""------------r-------------------------r--------------rrrr--------------------------------

f1.n.1961 -'n.n.l962 I ~iimni.rumnaunn'uoLii~vU'n o ~ ~ n i . r m ~ a s i a i ~ S t ~ ~ i u i I

I I ~ n d . r z i a u ~ u n 2 Anl~mic?i, A 3 diu diu I ~ilunma ihudz~nnaia (Gnuiruu) ~~atd iuvai i o u i I

1 ~d11d~:niniiunilnuii~Eov~nni.rldaiarilunai~ I (Neutrality of Laos) lnuaduiuiaur%qn h u I

-----------------------------+----'-----------------------------------------------------------------------

I I

n.n.1963 - n.n.1964 ~ia~dunaiu~i~<u~~60di~lnf%n5udunuiud~bu nv1.r + ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ u i ~ ~ v 5 o l ~ u o u ~ 0 u ~ o n ~ i n ~ i a ninu~~ui lun i lvr i I

r I b n ~ f i a i n ~ r n n a ~ ~ f l u n ~ i ~ d i a u 5 u a ~ u i u ~ 1 r " ~ ~ 2 1 6 ~ n

I unrinld Uiuvuauni~r~nnaia (Pathet Lao) l6lauii : I c i o h u d i u r ~ u n a i ~ ~ ~ d ~ v e i r u f l u u a h ~ ~ a nm:n.r.ruhi.r

I I nau?unimqaOdvimd5zh^ani w nislau8ni~oininlnu I 1 ~ a ~ n n r m i ~ o ~ u ~ i d a ~ u r ~ l u n r " ~ u . r n 1 ............................. A - - - - - - - - . . . - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - - - - r - - I

n.m.1968 - n.m.1967 n i r i o Q v i i ~ i l i u d z ~ n m (Pathet Lao = LPLA) <u I I no~niu~ddipuinclia (Royal Lao Army) n~naiyuu.rwp I '

I 1 lvllvfidi LuGu~uwcliJ~di (vane Pao) $din oqniuaia

: uShu.ru6auni.r~M'u y u v odavt'p~ ~u"rni riauuuauni.r I

1 dr~nnaianiulRlni.r~~u'u aywvod uauiu ~vco iini.rCa dXg.a6%~uHmLflu"!d 2 n.n.1972 wnn LPP (Lao

I

1 People Party) M ~ d d uwuuidv J ~il uw.r.rnd ~~%~T:'III'IIU

1 A I ~ (Lao People's Revolutionary Party = LPRP) w f f f l

I ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ 1 7 (RLG) ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ L L ~ R ~ ~ I ? ~ ~ L ~ ~ ~ I H ~ B ~ ~ ~ UclE

83

i ;ui~~~riaai~dCa1s~~1iriwssnnis~~oaciia q u i f 1unic I (National Union) I

~ ~ n n u y S u h uiuwaQrdiawuwnG~$iuihu s~ifanru:

i ~ u i s d u i ~ i n ~ i u u ~ i uiunnis4in u i ~ u s u i ~ u n ~ u 5 n i ~ i i u i lnu wnn LPA J i i n i s ~ s n ~ ~ o u ~ s t ~ n ~ a i i I ~ ~ i ] u ~ m :

t ~nnq.nd$uur~d~as:u ~ ~ 1 7 3 d n W i I ~ b j s?unanis~m&ciiu

&UUI (Seminar Camp) 6 i i u d a r~seduq ~nu!nrurllfj%

ds:aiauai1 ~ ~ u u n u i r ~ a ~ ~ a ~ ~ u - n n u n.q.1975 m?'aai - e * u u em( nr iaa i i~nun~i jn n~nsuni r r i ia~~ui r t~=: t iaY 'aa~n unis

rd~uu~~d8anisdnfls~~~~u~=:uuds:mui~u~ 1nuinis$n t /

~~~73fid~:%i?id!a ud5:%195~871 (Lao People's Democratics

Republic = LPDR) ua~si~-j7aniu~~dirUud~r,rn~7%u8~u l

usn r ~ ~ : a I u i u i u 1991 fii-rlnsrau w u i ~ i u

idriil.dwciahu~d~uu~o~iludi t t ~ r ( ~ u i u n i ~ u u n ~ n i u I s i

I

cl.ar.1986 I ~ ~ a r u i ~ n n n i LPRP ;nA 4 ~ n u ~ 1 7 h a m u wwimu + ~ ~ : ~ l . d ~ ~ w u ~ w u i ~ ~ a w ~ i i ~ ~ 5 3 LOUZ/~J+! 2

I dr:mtswnirrYi~m?i (Supreme People's Assembly) bsmzoc

--,,,,,,,,-,,,,,-,,,,,,---------A------------*---------------------------------------------------------------- I

R.fl.1992 : rii?mmou wsui~iu6auriu~tun3~ulo.b~~auwqp18niou , 1 R.n.1992 ni7wuCn ,'I yurnic ~6diau~~dsmmds:rnwh : piownrnndiln SGunou dwui?ud~u~ariluds:muw3m I LPDR ~~sru i~nr '~uum3 i s u s n o i n ~ r i i i n i ~ r d ~ u u ~ n a i n

I

1 ~nidf:%lais (Supreme People's ~ s s e r n b l ~ j L ~ U R ~ I L L I ~ J

1 a15 (National Assembly) ~ U L # D U ~ U ~ ? ~ U --,,-,,-,,-,,,,-,-,-----------L--I-----------------------------------------------------*--------------**.---

3tstLaai r~~ni3di rhniy

I

I cl.pr.1993 f i a ~ t g n ' n u ~ r w ~ ~ a n A i \ m 16?u~$an8d~nn?d~Gd'h .

I

I I di~~~~rRulu~iiau?uniw'ud n.pr.1993 ua:iininlb~d~su I naG3uun5 I

"'"""""""""--------IIII-IIIIIIIIIIII~~~A--------------------------------------------------------

fl.fi.1998 : cnsi~nr?~d~:aiid\msd.reaiauaia~Uunuinu o i ~ G e u I

I (ASEAN) 116ud Q I --------------------------------------------------.------------------------------------------------------- I

R.pr.2004 ,I rQiniw~mdcqu~r%iai~Qsu 2004-in~d~5s~~jund I

"--"--"'--""""""""7'"'"""""""""----"---------------------------------

R.fi.2008 ,,-,,--,,,--,,--,-----------A-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

2 . ~ f u u n i ~ ~ o d o r r n 7 ~ n ~ a o d (Politics and Governance)

hila$u 3ruauni.rdnn3aduadaia\6~dd~~~~dnd\d~in~6uaiduin pin - r e . : c u a u n i 3 d n n 3 a d l a s ~ ~ i i u ~ i ~ ~ m ~u~t~lunwm3s~duad&~:yuyqmnidni~

ainiinu&~iiu d'niluuindi 600 S ~ m ~ h u ~ i ~ ~ n i ~ d i ~ d ~ ~ m v a ~ % i a a i a r " J s u ~IULLR:: a L UF~U~UZIMY ~ T Z L W & ~ ' ~ ~ ~ U ~ J U L G ~ ' U ~ ~ Q I ~ ~ ~ L ~ ~ ~ U R R ' I U L L C ~ ~ L ~ ~ U M U ~ L ~ M ~ Y O Y ~ d F l a ~

Qsu naiu~gua dnid%nu (Social Behavior) ~$dntmiw ~%u~i iu Ime~awiraiidd~

~imnaiu~ilua~miuauuniidi~~u\dmiadn~~~dau~dud~ns~iluui au&:uuitd

~ n s f i d i ~ ~ u i n l u ~ na~sriau~dinurruaul~ri ~~dduuui'niluau~udnn~ad~~i

~ ~ o C a r $ u ~ a w u w ~ d a ~ d ~ t ~ n f i ~ 3 $~n~u~u~ia~6saw'un'u~tuaunauf 3Qn6qr ud r ~ilutnudiuia w:unuinni~nirtda~ni~dnn~a~~~nu uatRnka~daaiaul6?u

n7wauh~dbu L 6 a f i ~ ~ u ~ (Constitution) $~~6d~::mfi1a~~ilufl~dLLf n~uSFl.fi, 1991 - ad' n(uau$ua?adufi knd~unuin~~'nluni~dnn~add~::~nf i~%u~nauu r r a t k n d

l $6~rn~nn i3 rda~~~sa ~ i l u u n u n a i ~ ~ ~ u d ~ a r s ~ ~ g r f i ~ u m n i ~ d d s u ~ ~ d ~ d u i @ = : u o u ~ ~ r i ~ d ~ ~ d ~ n ~ f i ~ 1975 $u ~dal%~ni~diu(illlR::a~~nr

d ? u n ' R u n i i ~ ~ ~ u a n a i u ~ ~ ~ ~ d ~ i n ~ ~ u a ~ a d u i i n - r a u (Marxism-Leninism) wnn

n au0aitnindi5ni~Euuui (seminar) o l i i ~ 6 o ' n d a ~ ~ i l u r a a i ~ ~ i a u i u dni.riwind

PS 476

I Y i a i m h u ~ o t u a t ~ o r l u ~ t ~ u n i ~ ~ n w o u ~ u ~ ~ o d r " u r J ~ ~ $ ~ ~ u a n ~ ~ l ~ i n a n n a i d

~~fi~ucliinuiculau7n (Monash) ludr:~nnooa~nx.# ul%%'flu:ai ~u6nn i~d iu ia

I (Power Centre) vo~~:uouk~nuQuuniucnwwai3 so style Socialism) bud G nual~u#s:*~~afulfldf:ninuni3iigldo63~di 4 od~udiu ia&~di 91 u ~ i l u ~ r n ~ u i u

4 1 ~ ~ a : ~ ~ n d f : h d ~ n ? i u ~ ~ f i o ~ ~ u ~ u ' i # d i ~ ~ ~ r i ~ i u IIR:CITOU~?~ uinn-jinif~~glnp

naiuqnrio~niuhunngauiu~o~?jmu~q . \

3. n m i i u r c l A ~ ~ I ~ d ~ ~ r i % a ~ ~ ~ R.R. of the Consti-

tution) i

#~: l f idxrn~

m ~ ~ n i ~ ~ ~ u i ~ n ~ i u r o ^ r ~ ~ ~ f i o ~ ~ v i i ~ ~ u u n ' u a i ~ u : d ~ : ~ n n . ~ ~ u i f ' ~ ~ n b i f i u i i ~ m n

cii~rJ?:~nn L$U h % ~ u n i f ~ d " u d . r t ~ u ~ n n i f d a n d d o u ~ ~ ~ : a n ' u ~ ~ ~ o u ' n ~ n w o ~ J r v dr~nnnufjmfuytydn(1fo~ ~ i ~ ~ A ' n ~ i f d ~ t y ~ i ~ n ~ ~ i $ i 3 ~ ~ ~ % ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ b (Human

Rights) ~ i n d ~ t ~nn~ndnnoin?jmsu~~fis::vin~~nn~~nmdi uuuoudtn?iu

q A m ~ficlnmnfl6;hu m a o n o u ~ a i u ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a : n ~ i u ~ ~ u i n ~ ~ d ~ ~ n " ~ : m i u u i

uonoinb ni~ciuaaiuua~~ruou~~n;~Quu~ud~:~nn~~~dn:?'uoon .a:

?a~~sGt t~~ l c i~do : di u u ~ ~ d a ~ ~ u r J ' i ~ i u " ~ o ~ d ~ n i ~ n i d n o J L (Political a1 Y

' Liberations) nuif '~~n~wjf i~land~?~~gl~~lf t l~uu wnnaia?n%iii (LPDR) ~J~~%ILLUU

o i i ~ ~ j r n a ~ t y u o ~ ~ f : ~ ~ n ~ ~ n u ~ u u ~ 4 a u f i i u 5io ~;unuiud dscnin i+~9snu iq

lu3n.n. 1980 ua:n'uw%ilu~n.n. U 1981 ~~uuuuodi~lunifd?ud~~?jmfu~q

lu~iiouijuinu n.n. 1989 a n 7 d ~ v i ~ ~ n # 3 l6uc i~knm:nnuni~f i~

?~affu~rydiu-ru 17 nu lnudrl'l?fiau~ou b x a (Srisomphone Lovansai)

i~du?sllyll.lu niSma~dnimnnnin0m ~5uK~clrimmr d~uo~hrn:iuoon~ilu# J r v f i n m rnulrinifhn'un~~?uua~nw~dfiny~f (Polburo) muni3lnfaou W~U?MIU

~ilucavibni~ n i ~ fi~?p~nuycyliiEniftti LEIM~ f i n w ~ i ~ o n i i f ' ~ ~ ~ u i a nniufidsiR

ua:a~dni.nrniud~ nnu~mdudunnrh~n'u'Iunif ~'qly3lflur"~mf ~~qdf:niiv,dd

Ao ni3dwrrnnir~da~~&n Hioni .rdreuu~aiuwnnni f~do~ (Multiparty System) d dxaiau~aiuu~~~ua:~#~6?uni~dn w p d~:n~do: ' i i~ai uwnnnilrd DJ rd

I

~ ~ 3 ~ 1 1 ~ i ~ d j i k l d f i n? iu~~? ~i lulu.uwd untar ~guni.rulit ~~unn-nu ~iluwd~ du? (Unity) Y D J ~ I I ~ R ~ C ~ I U ~ ~ ~ B ~ ~ ~ E ~ ~ ~ H ~ ~ I L L ~ ? ~ " ~ 15 ?? flaJ~nuij?~rn.ruy~%uu

IQilumi usinu&<nw.r n" k mui.rorii ~icuni.ruil66'? us l u i !n $ 1 ~ ~ ~ u ~ i u l u v ~ n b:

ni.rw.rsnni.rdo~~~u~n'r~n~ufi~nva~unu . i ? u n d ~ d ~ ? p ~ ~ ? ~ ? ~ 3 i d L L ~ ~ ~ f i f 1 3 . ~ f i ~

~ ~ ( i r l i (State Planning Commission) krujguud+?un.r:n.r?d^3nuip1i~~n%~~~:~nnlu 4.4 d I ~ u n r n o h i i . r : u u ~ ~ ? u w ~ . r n n i f ~ ~ o~a:4i~d@.J.r:ni5dbu Bmniw ~~a:n?iu

fafiadlfiniiwnnni.rrda~b#uq ~6~u~u~loon~u~:u:~?s~i0idui e m b u l u ~ u i 14 a ~~;~winu n . ~ . 1991 ~nid. r tmnup!~ LL~~~I'III~! (Supreme People Assembly) ? m i 3

~6da:nifl%ro??go%.ru;q~Y'u L L ~ L -;s

8 4,s G - - , 7 *,

hsedi6~va'n~o~i'mfu~q a~n?~n.r.ru~p!!imu 80 u i n n u i n . r i ~ i i ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ " i d ~ o d d . r : ' ~ ~ i ' ~ ~ u

Lilui~dlnmduuinlui~n.r.ru~~a~'uib" ndi?Tnu??ufio d.rzal'IIuaiaynv~nu~ejid

$76 ii6niWWda:ra'~RapIi~ui ni.r~~~m~dann?iu?im~Gu ~ I ~ L L W ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ O U ~ ~ ' I I M

llc n t ~ ~ ~ n i ~ s ~ u n ~ u A o n n u ~ ~ u o n i n n ' u ~ ~ ~ ~ i a : n i u u m ~ ~ v i ~ ~ ~ u u n " u .r?undnimn:uuu

rZiurl~iion6rl~iid~ dooiqnsu 18 ~ui~.r&6u121 kuuriiduotd.r:slau 6o Lm.rw

ngvuiu i 'runi~~~"~~l?qu~:~odn"udf:~nfl~mu~u'i?un~f~n116n"n~i~~daoi~nf"~ 21 El

nu nim: ~ D n ' m S h u y m n i . r f i i? iu i i~nv Y s~ d 6 i ~ i l u ~ n w n ~ ~ n i . r ~ d o ~ ~ i ~ a

Cna:l~l6?u~ni.run~iuu~dr:nia~m

h ~ i u c n r : w s i n 6 u d n ~ ~ u h ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

1. o°iwionirrlnmao~ ,

? ~ r n . r u y ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d d n i ~ d n n a a d c ~ u 4 s:6u fio (hhmgnlnwu?n)

~1,9133 (Province) I

~nmulfl (Municipality)

L ~ Q J (District)

- wdljiu (village)

d a u d i u i ~ l u a d o ~ ~ n i f w ~ o w 3 ~ n n i 3 b ~ o ~ ~ 6 ~ 1 ~ u ~ d i u i a w f i # ~ n u d ; r

~ne~awi:ni3~Jiws~~1dfi%ds:'d1'IIua17 (LPDR) ~tlur~nunaid~unis~~^Twi~df:~Mn

nniiannu s:uu~~~qffrnu riluh

I. h ~ ~ o n ~ r d n m s o ~

d5thl~d3:~nfi (President) L ~ U ~ ~ ~ ~ U I O ~ J ~ M I O ~ ~ ~ Z L ~ ~ ~ uon~~irnoin * d nd nisJiiwuinw~nisp (Ceremony) ~llu67~~nud.r: ~nntbK?a u j & o ~ A i w r i i Ani~ii iumr

rdod (Political Presidefit) ~ f l ~ m 3 ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ : ? ~ ~ B d ~ i n ~ ~ ~ i t ~ f i ~ ' d l ~ (National AssemMy)

ni316ui&di uorI4.1 d~:mtbds: ~nn16oin 1ni1~vimi5 (NA) ~"AanGuui~i7 a r l ~ e ~ 2 lu

3 ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 L l ~ ~ ~ ~ 3 7 3 ~ ~ 5 fl ds:slud.r:~nn A~MJ~#LLV~J~?J ~ ~ ~ n o ~ n o u u i ~ l n ? ~ u u m ~ sa~uian?suum9

t: t: t: aa:nmt$uwmi ucidadpn s?undni~ud~~dnannouc~i~~?1~d (Governor) LLRruion

mnuun? (Head of Municipality) ~ ~ ( ~ w R M v ~ s ~ L ~ ~ J ~ o J ~ w ~fllln13LHuo tL~:11R:Lh rY aouf ~urf7aoinuiun5'~uum"s uonoinu ds:muds:rnfilii mI4~oouniuni~nwis

'In67 a 8.a'

nis<mt&?gula d3rmudst~nnr:tBnnui1~n?~uun~ i~~:tlmt:r'~ui nduo:

$io~1$i?uni<usodr%u%ouo7n~n7tdd%1~ (National Assembly) 670 .

1.1 $~tuoiia - Joqii~ vii-~"lns~ou wsuiwiu, r i l u ~ ~ i n u u s n w ~ o ~ n ~ d o u r r d ~ ~ n ~ s l l n n s o ~

t: u * ~iluiiurrnilunaiuiu~iiau 2 nn~nw~n.ro~l i iuw~dnd~uid.rcrnnua:~i~wri~w~~~~

nou95an' ouns:&rkaQimlufln.~. 1992 flidnsnou w 3 ~ 5 w i u ~ i i ~ f l n . ~ . 1920

ounitinw6iunp~uiuu~oinuw1inu1~t~a1uoo (Hanoi University) tt~:ldija~dof

u d a ~udft~n~8~uoimi~nuou~6a"u~~na7~ ~ i ~ u ~ 6 i i n ~ i u ~ n f i . r ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ r ~ . ~ ~ . r . ~ n u i n n i r n

i n i n i s l ~ i q ui$i? 6dtuluiln.n. 1989 - h . ~ . I990 id&lumdd&!u duun::

~ q ~ n u ~ d o ~ t i u 6 i d

tu3n.n. 1989 ' b i ' ~ ~ u ~ i d ~ r LnRtndn ~na33.~~io~nlMi (New Economic

Mechanism) ~ n ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ 6 n i r n i ~ 6 a i n n i n a " ~ ~ ~ o n n u u i n ~ u ~dor6udsr5n5niwua:

w.nwijslr otai5 l u u w ~ ~ u ~ ~ u i i d ? u d ~ r ~ n n Z f l ~ u * i n ' u n f r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ o t ' I n ~Ktoinni.5

du~niuuotciiunouli3Ci,~fluy~fdsl::3'uoon~~nr?1~~u

f i7~1p?n ~ ? U W ? M f ~ ~ d f ~ ~ 1 ~ n l ~ t l d l n y l . 5 (Pulitburo) 1&6uui1,i?u d L d~rsluunu ~K~oinfidnfaouEun7m r r n t ~ ~ t i t ~ r w n ~ o n ~ i ~ 3Gumau ~guuion

;;uusl;

wa~on~i lsr bw'umau ~~oldft.%i~df~Ln41LL~=:df::%itb~ff~1 LPDR

~fim6~rn-r~ d l d l k ai?mnl< L ~ u ~ ~ u ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ Q ~ ~ ~ I J ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ w ~ ~ ~ A I ~ ~ H ~ ~ s T J = : (New

Lao Issara) 1udn.n. 1950 un:wnn LPP lu3n.n. 1955 wn~onni'h 'mu~ou Lnu

o#lud~:~nn8u~iiuuat.il~riu~dawdtJ"ni~nin~6 doddn.n. 1962 i6~fluw'Y'yainis

nMl3 gJqRuo4 LPLA (Lao People Lao Army) ~ ~ u l d h l y l f (Politburo) 615~6 3

~ n : l l i r t ~ i ~ ~ ~ ( l t i ~ ~ U R i j i n i ~ n ~ r n ~ ~ t n ~ i ~ ~ u ~iou6I6?udi~~~dtuiun?~uum~

n i ~ d ~ r ~un7iuff i~ipni~~iratrr i7$u ~uibnw~rn~r(iotwKnnimu~or

I$o$u61 ~ ~ ~ ( l t n r u r n ~ ~ u n i ~ n ~ i t (central Committee) uot wnnlf l6 ~~otmnni3 t P <m'iuIoAftlniyq uot?iuinuu uuo~rhnwipuuninitllu (Inner Cabinet) 41u7u

6 n u 6 ~ ~ u g a i w n n ~ i l u i r ~ u b n'7unirditdrran ~ .~hntdwlur . r~u iu ia i5~u r i7.r~unin tita.ran

. rot~uni~u~sl~r~n: iguum~oii t~~fr~nn riJilir<6iiunuiny 1uiln.n. 1999 IK?~ u b w n n a n i u ~ ~ q i ~ ~ ~ Y ' l ~ 4 m ~ ~ 1 ~ u ~ n ~ 1 n i t r ' ~ ~ i n m i 0 1 n ~ ~ i ~ n ~ 1 ~ ~ u a 7 ~ A - 1 ~ ~ ~ oin

rl r R U L C I O W J ~ L ~ W ~ ~ U ~ I ~ ~ Q I Y qtn o i n i l u ~ i i u . r ~ ~ . r r ~ u a t ~ n n R A d i ? a ~ ~ = : ~ u n ~ o i o

~dd.ni3 ~ i l u o L i ~ t O t

So?& wn~on?uuGi !anmu ~i ludsmud~r~nn ~~nruieuimu ;uvi% a d UY t d u d ~iluuiuniyuunf ~fun7.ruti~~~luo7unnif~~dtt~uoun8 fiquiuu n.R. 2006

1.2 sruuswrnir (Bureaucracy) pa. ~ ~ n r u i n i ~ v o ~ s e u u n a ~ 1 ~ n i ~ l a 3 u ~ ~ o ~ B i o ~ i ~ i f l ~ ~ ~ n i u i ~ ~ n i u q ~

a A rriu n i l 100 d a ~ r n u i s o u d ~ q ~ l l 8 4 r u t i io I

b n c n -n seclrusn : ~ i lu~d i? feuunan~udnf i fo~ nirGimu~ituudgun

s r u r d 4 (Rud R.R. 1975) n i f ~ d ~ u u u d a ~ u u l u ~ ~ ~ dawnn n * nouiiaitmfl~an.raddf:tn~1 ~~Gi~ tu~ . re~duurJ~ummul6~~un i f d6uu~~omuiu

airau~tiwdu n~uaudmu!m3mh d f d ~ f l ~ t b n : ~ r ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ^ r n l ~ f O ~ L L ~ ~ M ~ M ! ~ O W U W H Q d r f i u ~ ~ d J i b v ~ l d d a ~ n n d 3 a?7w~nhnanisn~~~ad~:ui~~b 10,000 - 15.000 nu6

acnsloa; rio:pn+atGi~iiuni.rouru & u u ~ d ~ ~ a & s i l a i ~ w i i o ~~o~ut~niqf inw.rruu

lcid (Reeducated Centre) RIULLV~OE~~IMUII h 9 n i 3 d f ~ ~ B U W I ~ J ~ ~ Q A ~ Y I J J I U Q :

;n<uqu ~1nrWwinwin~Ina ~ ~ r i f i u j r ~ ~ u n n ~ ~ n w d ~ ~ u u i m ~ ~ i u ~ ~ r i , u o ~ ido~ain

la.jiinp~sl~uro~iu

~inan im~a~6l jn iwb j r "~~~sp rnwojnqw unr8nnufn-~iuduam~ ud r ~avn:6iu n ~ n n i u ~ i f l u ~ n m o d n i f v o d ~ f f ~ 1 ~ o u ~ a ~ f f l u n i ~ i d

nmrr4ri~aiR (National Assembly) dor~ri~iiu8unii nrnd.rtaiaugo~n t:

(Supreme People Assembly) uu ~~mriidoonng~u~u r u i ~ n u o ~ m i u i o i n n i . r ~ " n a n Q ~

cuunh'rd F;sr.ru~?,ql~d5n.n. 1991 ~ f l f id iu ia lun i . rL~a~un~.r~. r~~mmni . r .-

A' U d n n a a u%imani.ruwutiu~~at.rru~~1iaq~mu~i6au uannnu nuiirnaniuoummnmu

~3on'nho ~~alEkoonn2iudun'umwr'~uua3 iu.roouarun~irnng~uiu iu.roo $

LI.rrmuLI.r:rnn (President) ~ 3 0 ~ ~ F p f i J d 3 r l 5 I ~ m ~ j n i (Suprewe People Court)

r~a:o'uni.rfo~m (Prosecutor General) 16 lfl~ldrk~o 2 1% 3 ~odnui%nam ciou~lu

1173 ~ 3 ~ 1 3 (Secretarial)

ngH&JlU (Law)

nir?idrruurrnznisrh (Economic Plannlng and Finance)

h u 6 3 3 ~ 8 s ~ ~ LLAZ%I~ (Cultural, Social end nationality)

* nisdqsdsrin~ (Foreign Affairs)

~ i u ? ~ ' ~ ~ o ~ u i ~ n a n i r r ~ o a i ~ I r j I ~ f i i n u n I i n ~ ~ Irr3n.w. I989 ii t L

d i u ~ u a u ~ l n n m f o h 79 nu dd~~ci~:nuuininni3~~~io na~ilonaon?dst~nnmi~ /

~ahud.rrsind.rc'uim 40.000 - 50,000 nudo$inu I nu (dnrynnuoriio~hu

ni.r'nr"non~~cn'uoinw.r.rfl LPDR uiriau~oodfin%no~.d~"flfr'u~~on<o ni.rr~on&o:

a 2' ~ r n o ~ u n n u w ~ l u n ~ i 2 ~Gou ~m~~8on~~~n~.rriauo:~o~da:~1ou6~~~~~n3oti1~M'ou

2 nuu"uId u.:~KnnisiYmEon ~ d l 6 n : ~ ~ ~ u u M ' ~ u ~ ~ ' i ) : 6 Q d ~ n $ i @ ~ ~ n ~ d ~ ~ 1 d f l i U d l & (Unfavorable Candidate Crossing out) oul4idiu?u$mwiudfii~unniu~eihu

ilq1.7~ Gnui8nrmiuri~nitirR' I 15 nu 1 ~ o n 8 q n 5 3 ~donsv~nou a: d n f J ~ n ! o i u ~ 6 < m ~ r ; i ~ n i ~ ~ ~ o n ~ ~ ~ u o 30 ~ u w u u n.n. 2006 d~wnndfj%d~:ninuaia

"d i a lnnusn~ I 13 nu h u h 2 nuuiainoadin.r8mz

4

4. 6 1 ~ ~ @ ~ ~ ~ $ ~ ~ n 1 5 d ~ 5 5 ~ d ~ 3 ~ d 5 ~ g 1 g ~ 1 a 1 3 (Origin and Ideology) a- wnndg~wd.rrsinunia (Lao People's Revolutionaty Party - LPRP) du

u n u n ~ ~ ~ ~ n n . r o ~ ~ s : ~ n n ~ i a ~ u ~ w i b " iiunouvkfii~icn gn v lsmnoui ia~~~"~u ' im~u

(ICP = lndachinsse Communist Party) C ( ~ o k d u l & u f i r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ % i u ~ " ~ c b ~ n . n . 1930

'inu!oi-~lnsrrou vl7uiniu d ~ ~ ~ u r i n d u u n ~ ~ u i o d u ~ i ? n u i ~ u a i c c o u l 6 ~ u " i i ~ ~

uu~uni~wiau~ufi~a~rl;iYn aurnir d ~ ~ u ' i l d f l i ~ f i o uuriJlui?unuiuuit~~~fi3n.n.

1947

riouimiini3;uwnn CP o o m h 3 wnn ~ 6 o ~ ~ i W h ~ i i u i i o n ~ 5 a ~ ~ a ~ ~ ~ 9 i n : a:

d3: ~ n ~ 3 a ~ n ~ f l i a LrflrLYu3 IU~I~I&Q~M JIIW~FI~~:'II-I"IIMPII~ (Lao People's Party

= LPP) IJ~OUILJILIUS~IMJL~~U LPRP lug n . ~ . 1972 m i ~ P i < ~ ~ ~ n : w ~ ~ n n a u ~ a f i ~ ~

n l u l d o LPRP ~ 6 ~ ~ ~ l 3 ~ ~ ~ r t ~ ~ ~ i f l ~ " 7 ~ ~ t b i ~ b 1 r ( ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ d 0 ~ n " ~ 1 ~ 6 i ~ n l 3 ~ ~

m~wi~divl~m n i ~ n ' n ~ E o n ~ u i ~ n w ~ a n ~ ~ ~ : O f I l " r n ~ ~ ? i ~ n ~ i ~

1a a a l p c E i Z a&

0s -g

w n n d j j % d x a i a u ~ i a (LPRP) ~ ~ o w n n n o u c - d f i a d ~ i q dii$nunqsni !tdt

iiliid~nko$'lu~~a~ri~itu u c i ~ t l q ~d'adordnnuon unt a f i t n - ~ ~ u ~ i l u ~ o n n i w L t n~n~Zu'bn4uEnCqu

4.3 nlf6.o &ww?u n ? f d ou (Political Opposition)

lnur?ald n a i u 1 5 u u ~ i u ~ ~ n : o n n u a i u ~ ~ u u a ~ n n i n v u i i ua::

n ~ i u ~ o u d n u d o u d ~ u f ; ~ i l u ~ u s r ~ u d ~ d i n i ~ n i a u ~ ~ n i u%au?I O~OL~ULMO]I/II~~

n i a ~ m : u a ~ m i ~ ~ u n ~ o t i ~ ~ i ~ i ~ ) ~ i ~ n ~ ~ t ~ ~ : ~ d n ' u f i ~ u ~ f J u ~ n i ~ i N i ~ maaia

~ 7 u ' l a ~ ~ t ~ r i r i o o ~ ~ ~ ~ n r - d i i ~ ~ o n i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n i ~ d n n ~ o ~ (Passive Political Culture) rin

ds:virruaia (noui'hfirr6) d~~u~id.rrrn~'ldd3:uu L Q I ~ W ; ~ ~ Q ~ I ~ ~ ~ L L U U L & (Market aJ a

Oriented Economy) l6n"u~an i un:d%unj~6<un3:: LL~'b61nifi?~un rtuunr iunn

i ~ m i w n ~ ~ w i u r i t n i a (The Ethnic Liberation Organization of Laos) ~ o t n ~ u v i a f i J d a'?onvatc in 'kJo~l j i t ~ t ~ v o ~ u i i ~ l f l ~ n i l l n d o u l w ~ u ~ : ~ ~ % n i ~ ~ u 9 ~ d i i ~ n i . r

5. o~dni.r~arsn~rtax6ciiaod~ia (The Ethnic Liberation Organization

of Laos - €LO)

luiln.cl. i s m no~fiiRjuo~n4umaCd 6&5diuaunii 20.000 nu 6oinin d nirovnodsr~nn LuJiu2ud.r:uinr 3,000 nu d ~ o i , ~ a tmr~ndsruiru 6,000 nu n

!ridoi?a u i i l 6 ~ i ~ i l u n $ u d o h u i ~ ~ ~ d ~ m ~ ~ ~ i ~ i ~ ~ i ~ a d d

~ ~ i ~ ~ l ~ L ~ ~ L < l ~ l M S Q Q ~ % Q M ~ ~ ~ I Ulong Zhua Her ~nol6TuGupniU~~u

sin~vl?2o~uini kicicf6n'uupaunisd:~n~aia (The Pathat Lao) u i ~ h u i ~n i7~1nu iu

~crQolouii n" lh i r th lda$luiu iieiriouiluiln.n. 1904 iwn"knA'yfiud~rtnclnm

6. ~ 1 ~ f i s " a ~ s l P (Judiciary)

U It: zguucisqRassu r l 7 n ~ i d n 2 u ? u g ~ ~ n n ~ ~ i ~ ~ d ~ n a ~ : b n i ~ (Prosecutor

General) d~hwi~$~ymds:n7nu (Supreme People Court) ~ u a ~ i i i 8 i r i n d i u

b n i s y y !~untaonoanuih~nin~u~m.~~ . 1990

nh2Inllhld s ~ u u n i ~ ~ o i s m i n i i m a i u v o ~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ ~ o ~ s : ~ i i ~ n i ~ ~ w u i $

s r u u r n ~ ~ ~ G o ~ ~ ~ ~ a ~ i ~ n ~ i a u i u nu nisufi i i~nianloiryi dn l~~hwi inu ionaiu t: 4. d

~ I U ~ ~ Q J H I ~ ~ L I L L ~ ~ ~ I J L L ~ ~ ~ ~ L L R Z ~ U R ~ U ~ ~ B I ~ N ~ ~ ~ I H A ' ~ O t / ~ l n SII?YUUOJ~~T a4 J' i n i $ w h u n g ~ u i u (Public Prosecution Institution) nrr~lnst~ulnmspu'bw'~dvu

P UP Y ~ ~ t I d l ~ ~ l C ( l ~ ~ ~ E l d g L L R ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ U R O I ? I I C ~ ? I ~ ~ J L ~ M ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ J CSLL! L~ULLUULLUUL~~LL~~

~~u2nirynn.r:nn~ oa~ni.ri~?mcrfi~~~ntdf=:ninu n ~ u ~ s i a i ~ ~ u o ~ k n i s ~ d . ~ q n d d 8 " 6 i i d ~ u i o n e n n o u n ~ o ~ ~ d ~ ~ 1 ~ y ~ a u ~ o n i s ~ ~ ~ d ~ & y 1 n s ~ ~ ~ 1

t: nifddmddf:si~niflf~qnd~:951?1~ (Supreme People Committee) LLRZ

&Jni3$dqn ~ ~ ~ d l ~ i ~ Y ~ ~ ~ l l l d d ~ i ~ (National Assembly) ~ I ~ ? I ~ L ~ ~ U ? J Q U ~ ? ~

Y a ~ n w n ~ f aJltn13 (Standing Committee)

n r u r n n u i 5 n i ~ ~ n i d d i u i o ~ ~ o i ~ k ~ ~ ~ ~ e n ~ n o ~ u ~ 6 w i n w clAiniff:6u LLYW t:

(Province Judge) R JUI f?~ndf:+ii L ~ ~ ~ l R l l ~ r ~ m " ~ Ld €Id16

6.1 sauufi9ims7naiuoifp (Criminal Justice System)

? ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n 3 : ~ 3 ~ d ~ ~ l ~ ~ n ~ ~ f l U ~ ~ ~ ~ ? ~ 6 l ~ ~ i f l ~ i ~ l (Crime Justice

System) 4 d M n.n. I 990 u " f i ~ : ~ 4 ~ ~ n ~ n n g ~ u i u ~ i u n i ~ ~ ~ I ~ w (Penal Code)

oiryinaiu (Criminal Code) u%duq muui8nuin

6.2 n i s n ~ h l r u a e h ~ n (Detention Center)

~uamrGlai .rnrini inaiu~u~ia n&oin~u~uld~~~iuciC~ljrJIjni.r$d u L b ~ i u f l ~ ~ i f : n i n a i u ~ ~ o i d f : n i f ~ n ~ ~ u ~ a ~ i ~ d ~ ~ i ~ ui~nugnquu~n~uoiq n.n. 1975

n r i ~ d ~ o d o i f n r i n i ~ u ~ nn. I 992 iii niGiu j u ? u u j ? n h u C ~ T j r J n " ~ ~ ~ n i i a ~ i u " u ~ ~ ~ ~ G a l d~?n~u&dau ln~ I j~n iw l j rJgn~~o~ iCu andrnttari in~u~~0w nm~8uaui

inw~dod~u~+i~iru~ddi?unaiulnndiuinu"nau hniuni.rtb~anlririouoyqim

lGGn~nwud:n~oun?aqifidmf ~diJPquiildicioun~iu~duin~~6a ni.r6oi~ruinaiuknoiyi ddl6rilu 4 d w n n do 1. n-aiu~noiyimCq (Common Criminal)

2. na iukmn7~ni~~da~ (Political prison) d

3. n a i ~ f n n i d ~ ~ u d ~ u u ~ d n u (Society Deviants)

4. nlidnnidgnuni.md (Ideological ~ev iants )~

lnwotninl i i imt nth?& 4 5iilaiiwZu d ~ t < u n ~ i u ~ r t u r ~ b u d Gdiqn (Prison)

ddoufukfuu~1 (Seminar / Reeducation Camp)

r'UY7fii~<mhmiu (Rehabitation Camp)

d ? ~ ~ d d U u w ~ ~ n n u .(Remolding Centre)

n~iu~ndiio.jif?uttr~Clp Fio nim~rrl in?iui inni~nif~dad &lnw d' Jd 8 dfruim 3 - 5 3 )r(ioYj#uui~uiwndiu krun~iuiimrn~oiryinumoii3~1 nivlJfiu ij

~ n l l v ~ i ~ n ~ r u r ~ u d ~ r u i m 6 - 12 ~#ou odid~n'aiu ni?fryn?iufimuneuu?unifli P a ~ ? u f i o i ~ m i n a i u ~ ~ u $ ~ ~ d ~ d ~ ~ d l l ~ u ~ ~ u ~ ~ u ? d ~ u n n ~ d u ~ ~ ~ ? n ~ d ~ ~ u ? n ' u M ' n

lunn?sswd 20 n.n. 1980 f i i u o u f u ~ u u u i ) r ( n i u ~ ~ ~ d ~ & ~ n ~ m ~ ~ ~ ~ : : u n ~ ~ n Jd - k l u h unrdni~ciounniu~)r(~n%uywuwuuin~u dsrwiaunuu~.rd.r::diK2)r("Joai~

~ J P 8 ciidninnoo?~~ (Visa) g n h ~ m u i f o r ~ u n i d ~ d ~ ~ ~ n ~ ~ ~ ~ r i d $ 2 d f : : ~ n n unrfuan )r(?dfiiu (Restricted Area) d~iluunan~is ~ ~ d h S n i s i l l ~ i ~ m m o ~ d ~ t n i a u n'kg n din'maduin ~dodainipuinn~u?u~omfun:bdfiuw~in"d~umotiid~u'ud~m isuia

. kn~nau?uni~auyuuwmIyr~ q r 3 u u d n i ~ ~ u y u n i ~ i ~ u i ~ d u ~ i u y r y i ? d l ~ ~ JIM

oonw.rrl?n fion.rrunidiim unrkfdnu rnu ni~~~ZidPfo hunif~Auuu~udf:n'a~)r(io