Ajuste de motor

Nikolaus August Otto

(10 June 1832, Holzhausen an der Hide, Nassau- 26 January 1891, Cologne) was the German engineer of the fist internal-combustion engine to efficiently burn fuel directly in a piston chamber. Though the concept of four strokes, with the vital compression of the mixture before ignition, had been invented and patented in 1861 by Alphonse Beau deRochas, Otto was the first to make it practical.

Early years.Otto was the son of a farmer; his father also ran the local post office. He served an apprenticeship in commerce and, following his apprenticeship, worked as a businessman in Frankfurt am Main and in Cologne. After relocating to Cologne, he quit his office job in order to construct small gas engines, starting out by seeking to improve on the existing design of Etienne Lenoir. Otto me another engineer Eugen Langen in 1864. The technically trained Langen recognized the potential of Otto’s development, and one month after the meeting, founded the engine factory, NA Otto &Cie. At the 1867 Paris World Exhibition, their improved engine was awarded the Grand Prize.The Otto & Langen engine was a free piston atmospheric engine (the explosion of gas was used to create a vacuum and the power came from atmospheric pressure returning the piston. It consumed less than half the gas of the Lenoir and Hugon engines and so was a commercial success. The principle of operation was described by the Italian inventors Eugenio Barsanti and Felice Mateucci in their British Patente No. 1625 of 1865, though they never produced a marketable example.

For all its commercial success, with the company producing 634 engines a year by 1875, the Otto and Langen engine had hit a technical dead end: it produced only 3 hp (2.2kW; 3.0PS) yet required 10-13 ft (3.0 – 4-0 m) headroom to operate.

Otto later turned his attention to the 4-stroke cycle (as described in a pamphlet by Alphonse Beau de Rochas in 1862). This was largely due to the efforts of Franz Rings and Hermand Schumm, brought into the

company by Gottlieb Daimler. It is this engine (the Otto Silent Engine), and no the Otto & Langen engine, to which the Otto cycle refers. This was the fist commercially successful engine to use in-cylinder compression (s patented by William Barnett in 1838). The Rigns-Schumm engine appeared in autumn 1876 and was immediately successful.

Otto married Anna Gossi and the couple produced seven recoded children. His son Gustav Otto grew up to become an aircraft builder.

The Otto cycle

The Otto engine was designed as a stationary engine and in the action of the engine, the stoke is an upward or downward movement of a piston in a cylinder. Used later in an adapted form as an automobile engine, four strokes are involved:

downward intake stroke – coal-gas and air enter the piston chamber,

upward compression stroke – the piston compresses the mixture,downward power stroke –ignites the fuel mixture by electrical

spark , andupward exhaust stroke – realizes exhaust gas from the piston

chamber.