Ngoc bich do thesis seminar book fall 2015

A Quiet REVOLUTION STARTING

FROM ARCHITECTURE

Quiet!

T A B L E O F C O N T E N T

THESIS STATEMENT............................................................................................................RESEARCH......................................................................................................................... The Extrovert Ideal World.................................................................................................

Whatdefinesanintrovert?...........................................................................................

PROGRAM......................................................................................................................... Encouragingcreativity.....................................................................................................

FacilitatingLearning.........................................................................................................

BuildingRelationship..........................................................................................................

EnablingCollaboration.....................................................................................................

PRECEDENTS...................................................................................................................... TibetanMonastery............................................................................................................

TheSalkInstitute.................................................................................................................

TheSteelCaseHeadquarter.............................................................................................

TheThermalBathVals.......................................................................................................

SITE SELECTION............................................................................................................... Macro.................................................................................................................................... Micro.....................................................................................................................................

CITATION.............................................................................................................................BIBLIOGRAPHY....................................................................................................................

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“In a gentle way, you can shake the world” -MAHATMAGANDHI

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Participationisaneffectivemethodtoexploreprospects,butusuallytheoutspoken,

decisive,andassertivepeoplesecuretheattention,whichleadstoalossofthegoodideas

fromlessvocalcrowd.ModernWesternsociety,therefore,treatsintroversionasapathology

thatonemustovercomeinordertosurviveandbeofservicetoothers.Thisculturalbias

wantsto“cure”theunheardandinvisibleintrovertsbyconstantlyencouragingandforcing

them intoconstantgroupprojectsandwell-designed“productive”settings.Working ina

grouphelpsintrovertstopushtheirboundaries,butinanattempttofakeextroversionthey

becomeinauthenticandlosecreativity.

Introvertspreferalow-stimulationbackground.Theytaketimetoobserveandapproach

the situation in solitude. In understanding and nurturing the introverts we will initiate an

equalitymovementthatbringsbackvaluesandmeaningstothemwhichaltershowthe

world sees them,butmore importantly, how they see themselves. Theywillbeawareof

theirgift insteadof feelingguiltyaboutwantingtheir solitude.Asa result, these introverts

can accept their nature andmaterialize their inner talents to contribute to the society

whichoffersthemasenseofbelonging.Thisthesis,consequently,isdefiningvariousoptimal

stimulating environments withabalance between public and privatethroughthecareful

useoffilters and barriers aswellastheconnectionsbetweenthesespacestoallowintroverts

tothriveandcollaborateinwaysthatembracetheirnatureandarebeneficialtotheworld.

T H E S I S S T A T E M E N T

T H E S I S S T A T E M E N T

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R E S E A R C H“Once you understand what a person’s core projects are … it puts us in a position where

we can actually treat humans as humans.” -BRIANLITTLE,directoroftheSocialEcologyResearchGroupintheDepartmentof

PsychologyofCambridgeUniversity

This Thesis is going toassess thecultural bias against introverts and how it is treated

as a disappointment, a pathology that needed to be cured. Introverts in our modern

educationalandprofessionalsystemsareforcedtochangedbyconstantlybeingplaced

ingroupprojectand“productivesettings”.Theseenvironmentsusuallyarewideopenfor

interactionandminimizedsquarefootage,withnovisualoracousticalprivacywhichbrings

alongconstantdistraction,surveillance,tensionandhostility.

Themainargumentisthatthispersonalityfavorisalopedsidedperspectiveandneeds

tobebroughtbacktobalanceinorderfortheworldtogrowandattainitsfullpotential.

Myresearchwillshowwhythisdiversity of personalityisnatural andbeneficial totheworld

developmentandwhatkindofenvironmentsallowintrovertsto thriveandcollaborateinthe

mosteffectiveandexcitingways.

R E S E A R C H

i

The Extrovert Ideal World

Public participation is a contemporary

method to explore ideas and prospects. In

thesesituations,theoutspoken,quickdecision

makingandassertivepeopleusuallygetthe

grouptogotheirway,whichisnotnecessarily

the best direction to follow. Unfortunately,

good ideasare lost in the less vocalcrowd.

Noticingthistrend,societyhastakenstepsto

improvetheseunheardandinvisibleintroverts

by increasingly encouraging and even

forcingthemintogroupprojects.

Workingasagrouphelpsintrovertsrefrain

frombeingcerebral,pushtheirlimit,actmore

gregarious, and appear to be confident.

However,freewillsuggestedbyDr.Schwartz’s

researchcannotcarrytheminfinitelybeyond

their genetic limits. Introverts prefer low-

stimulation environment which ceases to

existinamodernworksetting.Theytaketime

to observe the discussion and engage the situation

in their own way. When being pushed by society,

introverts have to fake their extraversion, and thus

becomeinauthenticandlesscreative.Asaresult,they

aredepletedofpotentialandeventuallyconverted

to glorified laborers with little responsibility, flexibility

andautonomy.Theiraspirationandintellectualvalue

will vanish to leave space for management control

andmaximizationofcollaborativeefficiency.

Thisbiasdoesnotonlyexistinthebusinessground.

Wealsosetupourworldasareflectionofoursocial

personalitysovereignty.Ithappenssoearlyinone’slife

thatthey internalizetheconceptofanti- introversion

without realizing that it comes from the society

standard and it is against the natural formation of

thehumanbrain.Ata youngagewhenoneenters

preschool,theyareexpectedtobehappyinagroup.iii

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“We’re told that to be great is to be bold. To be happy is to be sociable. Introversion now falls some-

where between a disappointment and pathology.” -SUSANCAIN,alawyer,lecturer,authorandmotheroftheQuietRevolutionforIntroverts.

ii

A study carried out by interviewing

teachers at public and private schools in

New York, Michigan, and Georgia found

that kids are meant to be trained to

express themselves in a teamwith the spirit

of “corporate America.” Therefore, the

architecturebehind ithas tobeabigopen

void to allow free flow of communication

and information. Alongwith it came all the

distractionthatintrovertscannotescapefrom

giventhattheywanttofollowtheirpassionin

thisworlddesignedfor theoppositeofwhat

theyidentifiedthemselveswith.

Research done by Young, Glaxo Smith

Kline,Alcoa,andH.J.Heinz shows that from

1970s to 2010, the space per employee

of the average company shrank from 500

square feet to 200 square feet. The work

forceshiftedtoteamandgroupworkishighly

The Extrovert Ideal World

valued.Everydesigndecisionismadewiththismodel

offacilitatinggroupinteractioninmind.

When collective effort shrinks down to a few

socially skilled leaders’ judgment, groupworkwill kill

creativity, relationshipandaffirmation.Aristotle’s The

Rhetoricaskpeopletoexploreallavailablemeansin

searchof thetruth thus, introvertsmustbeheard.To

solvethis,wehavetoreinventthewaywecollaborate.

Thehuman’smindisboundlessyethisbodyisdefinedin

time,andspace.Sothequestionposedishowtobring

people together to produce, share and contribute

to their field of expertisewithout goingagainst their

charactertraits,tohavetheopportunitytogravitate

toward the like-minded fellowhumanandhave the

possibilityofextending theircreativepower into real

life situationswithoutany lossesalong theway? This

willbetheequalitymovementthatwemustpursueto

offerintrovertsameaningfullifeofcontributingtothis

interconnectedandeverchangingworld.

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“The squeaky wheel gets the grease”

-AMERICANPROVERB

“Those who know do not speak

Those who speak do not know.”-LAOZI,TheWayofLaoZi

“The wind howls, but the mountain remains still”

-JAPANESEPROVERB

R E S E A R C H

1

What defines an introvert?

“Introversion is not shyness; introversion is a preference

for environments that are not overstimulating.” -SUSANCAIN

Research shows that a third to a half of

thepopulation is introverted.Butpeopleact

asextrovertstofitin.Whileshynessisthefear

of social judgment and public humiliation,

introverts are those who prefer a minimally

stimulatingenvironment.(Figure1)

Introversionisnotthecommonlystigmatized

condition as being antisocial but is deeply

rooted in our neurobiological system. The

limbicsystem,whichwesharewith themost

primitivemammals, is highly interconnected

with the Amygdala - the “pleasure center”.

This is where dopamine is created and

discharged. Extroverts are reward driven;

theycravedopamine- the rewardchemical

releasedwhenengaged in social situations,

risk, and highly stimulating surroundings.

However, the human brain also develops

aneocortex– thenewbrainwhich is responsible for

thinking,planning,language,decisionmaking.Itisthe

seat of rationalitywhichmakes us human. Introverts

are mainly governed by the neocortex, and thus

require less dopamine and are very sensitive to the

environment (Figure 2, 3). As a result, they are very

easilyoverwhelmedbystimulation.Socialinteractions

usually tax their energy and leave themexhausted.

Thereforeintrovertstendtoenjoyquietconcentration,

prefermeaningfulconversationwithasmallgroupor

one-on-one interactions, listen more than they talk,

thinkbefore they speak,andhaveamorecautious

approachtoriskthanextroverts.

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Figure2.TheLimbicSystemandAmygdala Figure3.Introvert-ExtrovertBrainPathway

Figure1.IntrovertResearch

What are their powers?

Whatrolesandvaluescantheyoffertothe

rest of the society? It is true that extroverts

have extremely appealing character which

helps to confirm their social status, power ,

andevenperceivedappearance. Talkative

people are rated as more intelligent, more

attractive, more interesting and more

desirable tobecome friendswithaccording

toastudybyLaurieHelgoe.

However, without the existence of

introverts, mankind would be left without

manymagnificentworksandinventionsfrom

literature toart, scienceandall other fields,

includingbusiness.Mostentertainment forms

comefromhardworkinsolitude,whichisthe

artperfectedbymanyintroverts.Inthepast,

there are artists, scientists, explorers, writers,

singers, actors, performers, mathematicians,

inventorswhoshuttheirdoorstotheworld,preferred

to spend time in solitude, studying theprojects they

werepassionateabout.Thesewerethepeoplewho

hadtheconfidencetoliveinsidetheirheadandbring

extraordinaryworktotheoutside.Thecreativitycomes

tothemnotdespiteoftheirintroversionbutbecause

of it. Without introverts, the world would never be

introducedto

“ThetheoryofGravity

Thetheoryofrelativity

Yeats’s“TheSecondComing”

Chopin’snocturnes

PeterPan

Google

ThePersonalComputer

Schindler’sList,E.T.,andCloseEncountersof

theThirdKind

HarryPotter”

Andmanymoreworks…

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“The squeaky wheel gets the grease”

-AMERICANPROVERB

“Those who know do not speak

Those who speak do not know.” -LAOZI,TheWayofLaoZi

“The wind howls, but the mountain remains still”

-JAPANESEPROVERB

R E S E A R C H

Historyhasshownthatwesternsocietyhas

tendedtofavormenofactionovermen

ofcontemplation.Butinthe20thcentury,

theUSmovedintotheerathathistorians

called “a culture of character” where

peoplelivedinanagriculturalcommunity.

They learned to findout the truenature

oftheirneighborsovertheyearsofliving

together rather than listen to what he

hadtopolishhisidentity.Thereusedtobe

rolemodelslikeAbrahamLincoln,Mother

Teresa, Mahatma Gandhi, and Rosa

Parkswhowerepraisedfortheirmodesty

andunassumingnature.

Thisrespectforintroversionismorevisible

in far eastern culture like Japanese,

Chinese, Korean, societies that not only

tolerate introverts but celebrate them

because they exist as a community;

and they need harmony to sustain the

economyandsociety.Peoplewhohave

thestrengthtoholdbacktheirtongueare

believedtobethewiseonesbecausetheprotrudingnailwill

gethammereddown.

Additionally,greatest religious leaders like Jesus,Moses,and

Buddhaallwent into thewilderness thenbroughtback their

revelationtobenefitthecommunity.Theywerenevertheones

who followed thecrowdandwereconfinedby the socially

constructed concept. The introverts used to have their own

value ineveryculturearound theworld.Nonetheless,at the

turnof the20thcentury,bigbusinessevolved,wemovedto

thecity. Inneedtodistinguishourselvesfromthecrowd,we

need to better our image through the pursuit of charisma,

magnetism,thusextrovertsrule.

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How do they operate?

ProfessorBrianLittle,directoroftheSocial

EcologyResearchGroup in theDepartment

ofPsychologyofCambridgeUniversityonce

saidthat“Therearetwotypeofpeople.The

typewholikestodividepeopleintotwotypes,

andthetypewhodoesn’t.”

While making clear distinction between

introverts and extroverts seems to be

insensitive, this research focus on those

people whose introversion is the dominant

personality. There are people who are

ambivertswhichmeanstheyfallinthemiddle

oftheintrovert-extrovertspectrum.CarlJung-

thepsychotherapistwho foundedanalytical

psychology and the concept of introvert-

extrovert emphasized that “there is no such

thingasapure introvertorextrovert.Sucha

personwouldbeinthelunaticasylum.”

Introvertsdoneedtheirdoseofsocialinteraction,

physical and mental stimulation. Nevertheless, they

usuallyprefer silence, tobewith theirown thoughts,

comeupwith solutionsmuch laterafteraperiodof

processing. They feel more comfortable listening

insteadofspeakinganddominatingtheconversation.

In this way, introverts learn more, understand other

peoplemoredeeplyandmotivatethemratherthan

impose their own mindset on people’s approach.

Therefore in a research by Adam Grant from the

Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania,

introvertsarefoundasmoreeffectiveandsuccessful

leadersthanextrovertsasaresultoftheir introverted

nature of listening and facilitating ideas instead of

puttingtheirownstampsontheproject.Withthegift

ofquietness,introvertscommunicateandlearnmore

effectivelybecausetheylistentounderstand,instead

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Figure4.Introvertfiguresoftheworld

R E S E A R C H

Theyarealsomuchcalmerinstressdrivendecisionmakingsituation.Inbusiness,introvertsarelesslikelyto

loseabiginvestmentincomparisontoextroverts.WarrenBuffet,thelegendaryinvestorandoneofthewealthiest

menintheworldinresponsetotheWallStreet’scrashon2008claimedthat“Onceyouhaveordinaryintelligence,

whatyouneedisthetemperamenttocontroltheurgesthatgetotherpeopleintotroubleininvesting”(Figure

4).Ifintroversionisatraitthatcanhelpsolvesomanyproblemsandachievenumerousgoalsinvariousfields,

whyistheworldstillorganizedaroundonlyextroverts?Howdoweimprovethissituationtobringbackyinand

yangforthesocietytogrowhappierandhealthier?

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What are their patterns?

Figure7.Introvertenjoysone-on-oneconversation

Figure6.Introvertconcentratebetteralone

Figure8.Introvertlistensmorethantalks

Figure5.Naturalconnectionsoothesintroverts

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Figure9.Introvertsprefersolitudethancrowd

| 18P R O G R A ,M

P R O G R A M“If our artistic rhythms- a result- are to be significant, our prior meditations

-the cause- must be so.”

-LOUISH.SULLIVAN

MISSION

• Toenhancethequalityofintroverts’lifebyprovidinganenvironmentfor

themtothriveinandexploretheirpotential

• Tobringaboutaninnovativeperspectiveoneducational,recreational

andleisuresystemsbydevelopingthefirstarchitecturalprototypesfor

introverts.

• Toempowerintroverts,celebratetheirtalentsandpromotetheirrolesin

modernsociety.

OBJECTIVES AND GOALS

• Toprovidespacesthatintrovertsfeelmostenergizedandcomfortableto

bein.

• Toinitiatecreativeprojectsandideastoamongnaturallyformedgroups.

• Tohelpintrovertsestablishdeepandmeaningfulrelationshipswithlike-

mindedpeople.

connection to natureandeasy accessible toone

anotherincasepeoplewouldliketodiscusstheir

ideasindepthwithoneoftheirpeers.

Encouraging C R E A T I V I T Y

Albert Einstein once said that inventors,

and creators need to be loners because what

makes themgreat isnot intellectbutcharacter.

This is in fact verified. Research shows that in a

group,peopletendtomimiceachother’sopinion

andbehaviorwithoutrealizingit.Sotheloudand

assertiveoneswillmadethegroup’sfinaldecision.

Thismeansatraditionalwayofcollaborationdoes

not explore but kill original and authentic ideas

fromthemembers.Therefore,Iwanttomaximize

the creative capacity of introverts by making

spaces for individual work and appropriate

collaborationenvironment.

In order to achieve this, I propose a

place thathasmanyhubs forpeople togooffand create by themselves.When needed, they

willgatheringreen space forideaexchange,

inspiration and guidance. Those hubs would be

designed for visual, acoustical control yet have

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Figure10.Groupbrainstormproduceshomogeneity

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“Group brainstorming is largely worthless save for its socializing role. Instead, individual idea

generation combined with group evaluation and expansion-a hybrid process-appears to work best.”

ADAMMCDOWELL,FromCanadianBusinessMagazine

P R O G R A ,M

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Figure11.Openplanofficeforcreativecareer

Tobecreative,weneedto learnandbe inspiredfromothers.Butour learningsystemnow isheavily

designedaroundgroups.Studiesshowthat inschool,people’s respectforothers isbasedontheirverbal

abilitynottheiroriginalityorinsight,whichleadstotherearrangementofthetraditionaldesksetupsothat

everyonefacingeachothertoencourageextroversion.(Figure13)Theydosciencetogether,arttogether,

andthenmath,evenwritepoemstogether.Introvertsfindthemselvesunusual,outofplacebecausethey

eithercannotfit inorareexhausted in tryingto focusandkeepup. (Figure12)Thus Iwill incorporatean

effectivelearningenvironmentthatissensitivetothelevelofstimulationforintrovertstohelpnotonlythem

butthesocietytoreachfullpotential.Itwillchangehowtheworldseesthemandhowtheyseethemselves.

Facilitating L E A R N I N G

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Figure13.ModernclassroomsetupFigure12.Groupprojectdistractions

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andpsychologicalwithdrawal pattern to copewith

thephysical layoutof thebuilding. Therefore, the

connectionsbetweenspacesinarchitectureneedto

becruciallydefinedinordertoeasesocialinteraction

andnaturallyformsmallergroupsofdiscussionalong

the way. There might need to be some specific

programtoachievethatgoal.

So as to accomplish this category, the proposed

architecture should have facilities that enable

learning by themselves, from one another and from instructors. However, these spacesshould be designed toward maximizing introverts’

concentration and interest. There will be a library

that offers books and technological measures to

initiateself-learningandexploring.

Another issue with the modern educational

set up is that classrooms are usually distributed

alongonetightcorridorforstrictlyutilitarianuseof

circulating.MariaKonikovastatedthat“therooms

(dormitoryroomsthathvethesamefloorlayoutas

modernclassroom)openedupdirectlyontothe

hallway,andtidbitsabouttheFrenchRevolution,

say, or Benjamin Franklin’s breakfast, would drift

fromoneclassroomtoanother:Distractingatbest

and frustratingatworst.” This is no space for

introvertstogothroughnottomentionhowthey

canmingleordiscusses ideas. Ina studybyJen

Warnick, she claimed that these served spaces

that people have to go through force them

into “excessive, unwanted, and uncontrollable

interaction” with fellow students. People who

occupied these spaces usually were found to

distance themselves from others, avoid eye

contactorconversationaltogether.Thereasonis

that thesecirculationspacesseempracticalyet

offer littledaylightorescape if studentswant to

avoidinteraction.Thereforetheydevelopphysical

P R O G R A ,M

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Our education is a reflection of the

businessworld.Theymovetowardefficiency

and maximum collaboration using open

officefloorplan. Itnotonlyoverwhelmsand

disrupts an introvert’s productivity but also

prevents them from establishing meaningful

relationship in the work place. You cannot

have a deep and personal conversation

with noise, visual distraction and constant

surveillancegoingon.(Figure16)

Without personal connections with your

coworkers, boss and client, you cannot

build trust, form deeper connections and

sharecrazyideas.(Figure14)Thisdefeatsthe

purpose of interaction. My thesis will define

environments that protect and encourage

personal , and professional discussion with

distraction filter and barriers as well as the

abilitytopersonalizethespatialcomfortneed.Figure15.VisualandAcousticalBarriersforPrivacy

Establishing R E L A T I O N S H I P S

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Toachievethisgoal,Iproposeacafé wherelocalintrovertscanmeettodiscussaboutpersonalorprofessional

lifeexperience.Theycanalsocomeheretowork andbuild connectionwithotherlike-mindedintroverts.There

willbeanevent spaceforcelebratingtheworkandexpertiseofthesegroups.Itwillnotonlybeanadhesiveto

bringthemtogetherbutalsoawaytoshowcasetheirworthandpridetothesocietytohelpthemunderstandand

valueintroverts.Public spaceswillalsobeincluded.Nonethelesstheseshouldbeverycarefullydesignwithattentiontoscale,material and green spacessoastoencourageinteractioninamoderatewayforintroverts.

Figure16.ModernOfficewithlittlePrivacyforPersonalorProfessionalDiscussions,moreinterruptionsanddistractions.

P R O G R A ,M

Friendship leads to successful

collaboration.WeallknowApplesandSteve

Jobs, but not many of us know about the

friendship and collaboration between him

andSteveWozniak.Wozniakprefers solitude

likemostintroverts.Healoneinventedthefirst

personalcomputer.Headvisedyoungpeople

toworkbythemselvesiftheywanttocreate

something innovative and extraordinary. It

was however, Steve Jobs who brought his

ideas to thepublic. Therefore, imagine how

muchtheworldcanachieveifweappreciate

and design for this personality diversity and

their “collaboration”.(Figure 17) It does not

mean that introverts and extroverts are not

meant to work together but that introverts’

wayofcollaboratingwithoneanotherorwith

thememberoftheoppositesidesshouldbe

reinventedandreshaped.

Forthisgoal,therewillbeproposedspacessuchas

laboratories for individual work,various sizes of meeting roomsandgreen space that have

directconnectiontonature.

This collaboration facilitating place will play an

important role in empowering introverts because

it is the symbol of contribution. Therefore, it will

have conference rooms and classrooms for

leadershipcourses,public speaking studio,andlecture hallsforresearchaboutintrovertsandhowtounleashtheirpower.

Enabling C O L L A B O R A T I O N

“Group brainstorming is largely worthless save for its

socializing role. Instead, individual idea generation

combined with group evaluation and expansion- a

hybrid process- appears to work best.”

-ADAMMCDOWELL

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Figure17.SteveWozniakandSteveJobscollaborationondesigningthesecondpersonalcomputer.

P R O G R A ,M

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P R E C E D E N T S

“Logic will take you from A to B but imagination can take you everywhere”

-ALBERTEINSTEINS

Alargeportionofmoderntechnologyistheresultofintroverts’dedicationandtalent,yet

therearelimitedenvironmentsforthemtoforgetheirpassionandindividualideastogether.

Inthisthesis,suchaplacewillbedefinedanddesignedbasedonresearchthathasbeen

doneonhowtocreateconditionsfor introvertstothrive,collaborateandcelebratetheir

uniquepersonalitytraits.

A facility for introverts should focus on how to promote naturally formed groups to

encourage creativity, improve self- expression, stimulate learning, support solitude and

providecollectiveentertainment.Theprecedentsthat illustrateandfurtherexplorethese

propertiesareofawide spectrum. Themost interestingprecedentsnotonlyanswer the

questionposedbythethesisargumentbutalsoinvokeideasandraisequestionsformore

exploration.

P R E C E D E N T S

T I B E T A N M O N A S T E R Y

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How to help introverts push their limit without compromising their talents and productivity?

Thefirstprecedentischosenwiththequestion

of what types of spaceswill encourage human

interactionandcreativitywithoutdrainingenergy

outofthem.Andhowdowehelpintrovertspush

their limitwithoutcompromisingtheir talentsand

productivity?ByobservingaTibetanmonk’sdaily

routine will reveal the answer to generating a

spaceforintrovertsandtheircollaboration.

ATibetanmonk’sdayisanalternatingcycle

of different scales and speeds of mental and

physical tasks. They start out with a communal

prayer and meditation session, which happens

in the biggest hall of the monastery. In this

large enclosed space, these monks focus their

energy on their devotion together, enhancing

their happiness and performance through the

day. For introverts, it is very tiring and hard to

retain energy after being excessively engaged

in public interaction which results in declined

creativity andproductivity. However, sharing

spaceiseffectiveinthiscasebecauseitenforces

discipline,providing socialwarmthandnurturing

inspiration in the community. Architecture helps

tremendously through the provision of optimal

natural light from windows on three sides with

a filter screen, the organized pattern of carpet

andtiles indicatinganorderedsittinglayout,the

perfectacousticalqualityachievedbywalland

ceiling material to ensure harmonious sound or

completestillnessandacentralwelloflightfrom

clerestorywindows.Alloftheseelementshelpto

focus themind of eachmonk on their task yet

learntobeawareoftheother’sexistence.Itcan

be implementedasa spaceof being together,

whetherpeoplechoosetosing,todoart,toinvent

or even enjoy silence together. This is one way

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tohelp introvertsgetaccustomed tobeing ina

crowd.However,itisnotanycrowd.Itisthe“tribe”

thattheybelongto,thatwillsupport,nurtureand

growwiththem.This“tribe”willbethefirstoneto

shoutout to theworldabout the significanceof

theirexistence.TribesasdescribedbySethGodin

areaboutfaithandbeliefinanidea.Inthiscase,

thebelief is that introvertshavetheirownpower

andtheyneedtowielditright,tostretch,adapt

andcontributewiththisgiftbornwiththem.

The next chore of the monks is the debate

session which takes place in the courtyard .

An answer is demanded after every hand clap

which is emotionally intimidating and physically

intense. They need some source of energy to

hold onto and channel from which is why the

courtyardplaysasignificantroleinthemonastery

because it connects the activities with nature-

the never ending source of rejuvenation. It is

the void to be filled and the sky above will be

the source of energy ready to be distributed.

P R E C E D E N T S

Thesemonksuseuptheirenergyyetthesurrounding

contextoffersthemagenerousreturn.Architecturally

speaking, the courtyard offers physical, visual and

mentalcomfort for theoccupants.Therearepotted

plantsandcobblestonestobreakdownthevastness

ofthespaceconnectingtotheskyabove.Theyare

alsoprovidedaloggiaonfoursideswhichmakesthe

transitionbetween the insideandoutside smoother.

Thisway, theyhave tobe inacommunitydoingan

intimidating task but the architecture with shaded

spacesinsidetheloggiasuggeststhattheycanretreat

foramomentbeforegoingbackoutinsteadofbeing

trappedinthemiddleandneverhavetheoptionto

hidemomentarily.

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Figure18.MonastisMainPrayingHallDiagram

DIS

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DISCIPLINE

Focus

warm

warmsupport

support

Focus

Focus

Focus

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T H E S A L K I N S T I T U T E

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How to provide optimum stimulation environments for introverts to thrive and to offer places for collaboration?

Solitudeandsocialtimeshouldbebalanced

aslearnedfromthemonasticlife.Nevertheless,the

spaces thataccommodate themshouldnotbe

distinctorclearly separated. LouisKahn referred

to the Salk Institute as a place of “intellectual

retreat”locatedinLaJollaCA,isasanctuary

for the scientists and researchers who are most

renowned as introverts. Kahn is very sensitive in

providingquiet and separated lab room, studio

and offices that have view toward the ocean

and connected to other similar function space

for collaboration.(Figure 23) This is achieved by

thedistinctshapeofeachtowerinterconnected

andsetatanangletowardtheocean.(Figure22)

Theuseofconcrete is verycleverandeffortless

in delivering a calm and relaxing space for

concentrationandquiet collaboration. These

connectionstonatureandhumaninteractionare

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xxxiFigure19.Kahn’ssketchoftheSalkInstitute

Figure20.TheSalkInstitutelookingatthePacificOcean

Figure21.HumanScaleIssueintheCourtyard

| 38

closeenoughtokeepthemstimulatedyetfarenoughtonotoverwhelmtheirneocortex.Theneocortexdoes

nothavetospendenergyoncalmingthebraindown;instead,itwillfocusonthetask.

Originally, Kahn wanted two courtyards in between four base buildings, but Salk argued that it would

dividetheinstituteintoApeopleandBpeople.Thereforeintheendthereisonlyonecourtyardwithnonatural

landscapeexceptforthewatergapthatbisectsthewholearchitecturecomplexandconnectstothePacific

Ocean.Scientistsandresearchersrequiretimealonetodotheirworkbutthereshouldbespacesthatfacilitate

theirinteraction,discussionandtrustbuilding.Thereforethecourtyardisintendedforpeopletodinetogether,

attendconcerts,exerciseand reflect. However, this spaceseemstobreak thecomplex inhalf rather than

bridgingit.Thiswaslively,filledwithnatureandactivitiesinKahn’ssketch(Figure19)buttheydecidedtofollow

LuisBarraganto let thebarecourtyardbe“afacadetothesky”without“evenabladeofgrass”. It isa

magnificentpieceofarchitecturebutthecourtyardneverfulfilleditsintendedfunctionbecausetheskyandthe

oceanarenaturenothuman’sscale.Thiscombinedwiththesolemnarchitectureprovidingasublimespacefor

nohumangatheringbutphotographers.(Figure20,21)

P R E C E D E N T S

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Figure22.AtypicalOfficewithviewtotheOcean Figure23.RelationshipofOfficetoOfficesandNature

OFFICE

OFFICEOFFICE

OFFICE

OCEAN/ SKY

S T E E L C A S E H E A D Q U A R T E R

| 40

From there, I understand that architects

cannotprovideabigmonolithicopenspace

andexpectthatpeopleespecially introverts

wouldsomehowgatherandexchangeideas

and form relationships. They need different

types of space for different purposes. For

example, collaborationdoes notmeanone

largespaceforpeopletooccupy. Itwillnot

fulfill its intended function without offering

therightstimulatingandprivacylevels.These

spaces need to be designed according to

theprogramhappeningthere,thenumberof

peopleandthenatureoftheactivities.

SteelCase headquarter is an excellent

design that takes into account different

elementsthatinfluencethesuccessofspaces.

Itcaterstoavarietyofactionsandespecially

made with introverted employees in mind.

How to provide optimum stimulation environments for introverts to thrive and to offer places for collaboration?

Figure24.MeetingRoomwithacousticalandvisualprivacy

Figure25.Smallermeetingroom

| 42

TheCEOofSteelCasehaspartneredwithSusanCain-themotherofthequietrevolutiontodefinespacesthat

will facilitateproductivity,creativityandcollaboration inawaythatsupportsandbringsabout the introverts

innertalent.ThisisveryimportantbecausearesearchdonebyAdamGrantrevealsthattheCEOofthetop11

mostsuccessfulcompaniesinAmericaareallintroverts.Awareofthat,thiscompanywantedtocreatespaces

thatcanaccommodatethisportionofitsworkforce,nurturethemandgivethemthepositiontheydeserve.

Theyonlyprovide60fixedworkplace.Theother108peoplearenomadic,theycanpickwheretheywantto

work.Thecompanyoffersveryprivatenichesthatcanbepersonalized,roomsforsmallgroupmeetings(figure

25),largerroomforbiggermeetings(figure24).Thecaféisdesignedprimarilyforarelaxedworkingexperience.

Theyusedmaterialsandcolorsthatcalmthespacedownandfiltertheacousticalandvisualdistractionthata

normalofficecanoffer.

Therearefivetypesofdistinctspacesdistributedthroughthecompanyinordertoempowertheintroverts

intheoffice.Thesespacesweredesignedwithcarefulattentionpayingto interiorarrangement,technology,

furniture,materialtofittheexpectationofdifferentpostures,workmodelsforquietandprivacy.

ThemostimportantandsuccessfuldesignprinciplesenforcedbySteelCaseare

• Permissiontobealone

• Controlovertheenvironment

• SensoryBalance

• Psychologicallysafe

P R E C E D E N T S

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Their spaces allow quiet and private

space without any interruption rather than

modernopenofficefloorplanthattheworld

is moving toward. The environment control

offers introverts the options of adjusting the

stimulation and find their right comfort zone

which varies from person to person. Unlike

what isexpectedfromthesociety, introverts

do seek sensory stimulation. Nevertheless,

they prefer them in form of warm, relaxing

feeling derived from nature and organic

materials . The psychologically safe is

explained as spaces where introverts can

go and be invisible to the world around. It

giveswaytotheir rejuvenationtimeorfocus

need. These spaces utilize theV.I.A (vertical

intelligent architecture) walls that provide

superior acoustic performance along with

How to provide optimum stimulation for introverts to be themselves, to spark deep conversation & meaningful relationship?

their sound masking methodologies to guarantee

a space that is free of audible interruptions. The

principles thenareapplied todesignvarious spaces

suchas“BeMe”,“Flow”,“Studio”,“GreenRoom”and

“MindShare”.

Researchhasshownthatinmodernofficesetting,

introvertshavetofacemanyproblems

• Noquiet,privateplacesintheworkplace

• Interruptedevery11minutes,take23-25minutestogetbackintotheflow.

• Moving while working makes healthierandmore engagedworkers.

• 31% full time employees work awayfromtheirlocation.Theyseekemotionalcomfortandfamiliarityfoundathomeorintheoffice.

• Halfofthemeetingtimeisspentonone

otherworker.

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| 44

BE ME

Aspacefreeofgazeandinterruptionsfromcoworkers,whereintrovertscanbealone,bethemselves,

behappy,creativeandproductive.Itencouragesvitalitythroughoutadaybylounging,working,oreven

takinganap.Couchesandfurnitureresemblelivingroomamenitiesexceptfortheysupportmobiledevices

withpower.

• Thisspaceenforcesthepermissionforintroverttobealoneandbethemselves.

• It isprotected from thegazeand interruptionof theoutsiders,encouragingvitalitybyprovidingcouches,coffeetableanddeskforwork,relaxorevencloseeyesforamoment.

• Lagunitasloungesofasbringcomforttotheworkerandalsohaspowerplugfordevices.

• Personaltableallowsmobilityandsupportelectronicdevices.

• Theguestseatingareaisalsoforstorageorpersonalizedbelongings.

• VerticalIntelligentArchitecture(V.I.A)providecompleteaudiblesealant.

• V.I.A.withattachedmonitorforamplificationofdigitalcontent.

• Thelightingintegratedintothewalliscontrolledbytheusersofspace.

• AnappcallRoomWizardIIallowstheroomtobebookedaheadoftime.

How to provide optimum stimulation for introverts to be themselves and encourage quiet concentration?

xl

| 46P R E C E D E N T S

FLOW

Asstatedinthename,thisspaceisdesignedforcompletesolitudetofuelcreativityandfocus.Itiskept

freefromvisualoraudibledistractionsfordeepfocus,strategicthinkingandgettingintotheflow.Materials

chosenareallnaturalwhichprovidescalmingstateofmindandoutofcognitivedistraction.

• Aplaceprotectedfromallvisualandacousticaldistractionforbetterconcentration,strategicthinkingandplanning.

• Materialareprimarilynaturalwhichprovidewarmandcozyfeelingforbetterconcentrationandcomfort.

• V.I.Aensuretheroomaudiblesealant.

• V.I.A.allowstheuserstodisplayanalogcontent.

• Thedeskisdesigntohaveworkcontentspreadonit.

• Bookshelvesaredesignedtoholdworkcontent,strategicthinkingandplaningfoldersaswellaspersonalbelongings.

• MonitorintegratedintotheV.I.Awallallowamplificationofdigitalcontent.

• Theleveloflightingcanbecontrolledbytheusersofspace.

• RoomcanbereservedaheadoftimeoronthespotthroughRoomWizardII.

How to provide optimum stimulation for introverts to be themselves encourage uninterrupted flow of work?

xl


GREEN ROOM

Thisspaceofferstherightstimulatingenvironmentforconnect,share,andbuildtrustbefore,duringor

afterameeting.Theloungeposturegeneratesacalm,relaxed,comfortablefeelingwhiletoolsinthisroom

supportworkingandsharingofdigitalcontent.Theseatingareveryinformalwherepeoplecansitataright

angletooneanothercreatinganindividualsenseofspaceandpsychologicalsafety.

• Alocationforbuildingtrustanddiscussideasforclientsandbusinessinformallyandformally.

• Theloungeconfigurationallowsrelaxed,calmandcomfortablediscussionandideaexchange.Italsoexudesthecozyfeelingofalivingroominsteadofanofficemeetingroom.

• Thecomfortablefurnitureprovidesthefamiliarityofhome.

• Individualsenseofspaceandpsychologicalsafetyarecreatedthroughthedesignofperpendicularseatingpositionofthecouch.

• V.I.A.allowsultimateacousticperformanceandblocksnoisesfromoutside.

• V.I.Aletthedigitalcontentbeamplified.

• Theusersofspacecanadjustthelightingoftheroom.

• RoomWizardIIisalsousedhereforreservetheroom.

How to provide optimum stimulation for introverts to be themselves to connect and to be understood?

xl


MIND SHARE

Thisiswhereintrovertscanengageindeepconversationwithacolleague,toconfideandbuildtrust,

tochatandformmeaningfulrelationship.TheV.I.Aglasstreatmentwilldeterminehowmuchpeoplecan

seeintotheroombutthecontentwouldbeshieldedfromanypasserby.Integratedmediascapeandwhite

boardsupportbrainstorming,buildingandbuildingdigitalinformation.

• Mindshareisthespacewhereworkerscancometodiscussideas,engageindeepconversationwithtopsecretcontentwithcomfort.

• Aplacewhereideaiseasilysharedandacceptedinconfidence.

• Personalconversationorprofessionaldiscussionareconfidentialinthisspace.

• Integratedtechnologywithmonitorandwhite-boardsupportworkandbrainstormingwithouttheloud,socialdominationandinterruptionoftraditionalgroupwork.

• V.I.A.providesexcellentacousticsealant.

• Monitorintegratedintothewallallowsamplificationofdigitalcontent.

• RoomWizardIIletpeoplereservetheroomaheadoronthespot.

• Athirdguestcanseatonthestorage-couchdesignpieceoffurniture.

How to provide optimum stimulation for introverts to be themselves, to feel comfortable with collaborating?

xl

| 52

STUDIO

Thisisamoreactivespacewhereindividualscanescapetorejuvenatethroughactivitylikestretching,

meditatingorresettingwhichkeepgoodbloodflowforthebrain,refreshthebodyandallowcreativeideas

tocome.Theenvironmentisundercontroloftheusersintermofcustomizinglighting,music,volume,digital

contentontheintegratedmonitorbasedonmood,taskorpersonality.

• Anactiveroomforpeopletoescapetoandstretchorexerciseandrefreshtheirbodyandmindforanewcreativeimpulseandstrokeofproductivity.

• Spacecanbecontrolledintermofmusic,lighting,mood,volumeanddigitalcontentdependingontheuser’smood,personalityortask.

• Theopenfloorspaceallowsuserstheopportunitytostretch,meditateandreset.

• ThespeakersareintegratedintotheV.I.Awallandareundertheuser’scontrol.

• V.I.A.ensuresmaximumacousticalprivacy.

• Theloungeseatingallowscomfortableandrelaxedseatingpostures.

• Themonitorcontentcanbechangedatthediscreteoftheuser.

• Lightingisadjustableaccordingtotheuser’smood.

• Analoganddigitalresourcematerialcanbestoredonthewallintegratedshelves.

How to provide optimum stimulation for introverts to be themselves?

xl


T H E T H E R M A L B A T H V A L S

| 56

SteelCaseheadquartersprovidesveryinterestingvariationsofspacesthatpursuetherightstimulation

tocalmandrelaxpeople.SoIlookformorearchitecturalelementsandalsoaskwhatthesmoothtransitions

betweenthesespaceswouldlooklike.

IttakesmetotheThermalbathVals inSwitzelandbyPeterZumthor.WhileLouisKalhn’suseofnature

denieshuman’ssocialinteractionarepresentintheSalkInstitute,PeterZumthorusesnatureasasourceof

energytofacilitatehuman’scongregationforrecharging.TheThermalBathsalsousecoldmaterial,water

andnaturalsurroundingstobringpeopletogether.

ThedifferenceisthatZumthor’s“meander”-negativespacebetweenbuildingblocksthatconnectsthem

all,allowspeopletopickandfollowtheirownpath.Thentheywillberewardedwiththeirowndiscoveriesof

experienceandcrowdofsimilarpathtakers,thusagroupisnaturallyformed.Thesearchitecturalgestures

alsobreakupthebuildingintosmallerandmorecomprehensiblespacesforpeopletoholdontowhilethey

exploretheBathhouse.(figure)Theygothroughaseriesofexpansionandcompressionspaces,aloneand

accompanied.Thealterationgivesthemenoughsocialpresenceandtimetobealoneandreconnectwith

themselves.Finallyintheopenbaththatlooksuptotheskyandthemountains,peoplearetheretogether.

Theyfeel less intimidatedbynatureandthearchitecturebecausetheyhavethewarmpresenceoftheir

fellowhumanswhoarepredeterminedtobethere.Theuseofthinstoneslabalsoaddtothehumanscale

experienceinthevastnaturesetting,itisverycomfortingratherthanintimidatingasintheSalkInstitute.More

How to achieve the right stimulation level of all 5 senses? What is an ideal transition between these environments?

xli

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| 58

and flowers petals are very smart to keep people

engaged,yetnotoverstimulated.

Allofthesespacescanbeaccessedindifferent

orderthatonechoose.Theycanfindtheirownpath,

tobewithpeople in thebigoutdoorpoolor retreat

to a more private experience, whichever suits his

temperament. These transition and path are made

veryeffortlesswiththeuseoflight,shadow,theceiling

gapsandtheflowofwater.Theydon’tfeel likethey

arerunningawayfromthecrowdbutratherexploring

andfollowingwhatbringbalancetotheirheart.

importantly,theyhavewatertosubmergeinand

tobeprotectedwithhuman scalearchitecture.

Water is a significant feature here because it

providescomfortandalsoacommonsubstance

that connect people. This can be interpreted

literally or figuratively inmy thesis design.Water

does not have to be that essential unification.

Lighting,sound,colororevenmoodcanbethe

determinefactorsinstead.(Figure28-33)

Using water in this way, the Thermal Baths

succeed in balancing and intersecting private

andpublic spaceaswellas lettingpeople take

their own path and providing them gathering

spacestohavecollectiveexperienceandsense

ofunityattheend.

It focusesonhowtocalmand relaxpeople

using the difference relationship of the human

body and water. He provides the right amount

ofstimulationthatsoothethe5senses.Thereare

room for water that makes music, rooms with

waterthatucantaste,theuseofheat,light,color

P R E C E D E N T S

Publ

ic

Priv

ate

WATER FLOW

SHADOW

LIGHT

BOUNDARY

SOUND

Figure26.AppropriateScaleusingStoneSlab

Figure27.SmoothTransition

Figure28.PublicBathsfacingNature

Figure31.IndoorTransitionSpace

Figure29.SemiPrivateBaths

Figure32.ChangingRoom

Figure30.TransitionSpace

Figure33.TransitionSpace

| 60

| 62

S I T E S E L E C T I O N

“We are in the Yin and the Yang of the creative process”

-CYNTHIAWEIL

Societyfavorsextrovertsoverintrovertsbecauseeventhoughthelatteralsohave

significantcontribution to theworld’sdevelopment invarious fieldsandprofessions.With

calm and contemplative nature, introverts usually work better with computer related

projects.Therearenumerousplacespromotingextrovertedactivitiesyetlimitedfacilitiesfor

introvertstocollaborateandthrive.

Insearchofasite,Iwonderwhereisthemostsuitableplacethatneedstoreturnthe

personalityfavortotheequilibriumstate.IfoundSingapore.LikemanyotherAsianCountries,

itusedtovalueintrovertsandsolitude.However,thescaleisnowtiltedtowardextroverts

becauseoftheforeignfavorpoliciesenforcedbythegovernmenttobringintalentsfrom

theWest.TheconceptofWesternizationiscloselyaccompaniedbytheextroversionideal

ofthesecultures.


| 64S I T E S E L E C T I O N

One of the fastest growing technology

hubs in the world is Singapore. With robust

research facilities and limited application

of non-compete clauses, this country’s

condition is an incubator for innovation .

Moreover, itenforces the liberal immigration

policiesforskilledworkerswhichattractyoung

professionals from all over the globe of all

fields,especiallytechnology.(Figure34)

Thecountry’s size isabout twothird that

of New York City yet is 3.7 times denser in

populationandhostsanamountoftouristthat

isonefifthofitspopulationeachmonth . It

also offers jobs for foreigners whomake up

a third of its population. This vast cultural

diversity, stress and the highly competitive

settingsegregatepeopleandweakensocial

empathyandsolidarity.Moreover,Singapore

hasthe longestworkinghoursonaveragein

comparison to the rest of theworld . (Figure 35)

Most offices in Singapore have an open floor plan

designorareswitchingtothisdesignbecauseofthe

spatial and communication efficiency. Therefore,

peopleinSingaporearesubjectedtoconstantpublic

surroundingyetremainisolatedmentally.Forintroverts,

this environment is very undesirable because they

needtheirsolitudetimetoregainenergyandacquire

creativity. This condition confirms that Singapore is

theappropriatesiteforthisthesiswhichwillpotentially

benefitthetechnologypassionateintroverts,whichin

turnbooststhecountry’sinspirationandproductivity.

SingaporeusedtovaluetheAsianculturewhich

celebratedintroversionanditswisdom.Nevertheless,

it is now reaching for the global economy and

technologybyenforcingstatepolicythatencourages

investment and extreme influence from the West.

Thus, introversionisnotonlyreplacedbyextroversion

butalsodevaluedandisthreatentobeextinguished.

Macro - S I N G A P O R E

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l


2/3 4.7 1/5 pop

Figure34.SingaporeintheWorldMap

Figure35.SingaporeCurrentSituation

Macro -S I N G A P O R E- Introvert Activities

Figure36.TechnologyConventions

| 68

Figure37.BookAppreciationClubs

Figure39.PublicSpeakingClass Figure40.OutdoorExcerciseClubs

Figure38.BookStoresandLibraries

Macro -S I N G A P O R E - Introvert Network

Figure41.CoffeeShop


Figure42.Library

Figure44.GardenandPark Figure45.LeadershipDevelopmentConvention

Figure43.TechnologyConvention

Sinceentertainmentlikemusic,art,literatures

aremostlytheresultofcreativeworkinginsolitude,

theseintrovertsneedaplacetomeet,createand

celebratetheircharactertraits.Whereisasitethat

is inherently rich with the heritage of creativity,

learning, relationshipandcollaboration? It is the

NationalDesignCenter.

It was a Church Community School in 80s

and90s,thenturnedintoanOperaInstituteinthe

20s,and in2011wasofficially implementedasa

designcenter forart, fashion,architecture, and

technologies.Itisanadaptivereuseofanexisting

building, very sensitive to the urban fabric. It is

beautifullydesignedandsuccessfullyengagesthe

public. The exterior respects the historic facade

and leave the urban fabric undisturbed yet

welcomesthepublicthroughtheoffsetingofthe

entry.(figure)SoIintendtorenovate,adjustand

enhancefeaturesforintrovertsinsteadoftearing

the building down. It is located in the cultural

district,acrossfromthenationalpubliclibraryand

iseasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublicfromany

whereinthecountrythroughtheMRT.

This site is right on the path connecting

professionalsfromworkplacetohome.Hence,this

isaveryadvantageoussiteforthedevelopment

ofa facility thatcelebrates the introvert’s talent

and brings back the balance of personality

Micro - T H E NATIONAL DESIGN CENTER

Figure46.NationalDesignCenterEntrance&Loggia

| 72

diversitytoeffectivelycollaborateandcontributestotheworld.

Tocreatesuchaplaceforintroverts,thesitehastobewhereintrovertsnaturallygravitatetowardona

dailybasis.There isarising introvertcommunityonlinededicatedtothegrowthandthebettermentofeach

membersandthegroupasawhole.Nevertheless,duringtheirofflinemeeting,theyhavenospecificfacility

togotoorequipmentthatcanempowertheirskillsandaspirationinworkingtogetheronasideproject.This

kindofplacewhenmadewillfuelnotonlyinventionsbutalsomeaningfulhumanrelationships.Thereareevents

likehackathons, fashiondesignconventions,digital fabricationexhibitions, fraudconventionsandcomputer

technologyconferencethatappealtotheseintroverts.Oneofthecommonhostingplacesfortheseeventsis

theNationalDesignCenter.(Figure36-45)

Located in thearts,cultural, learningandentertainmentdistrictofBrasBasah-Bugisof Singapore, this is

theidealsitetoinvitepublictocomeandcreate.Itsexistencespeakstothesocietyabouttheimportanceof

introversionbecauseallofartandentertainmentformsstartwithsolitudeandquietcreativity.

Ithaspre-warandpost-wararchitectureelementswhichare intertwinedtoprovideatriums,gallery,and

collaborativespacesforavarietyofeventsincludingart,fashion,technology,visualcommunicationandindustry

design.Inadditiontoitsinterestingprogram,thisplaceiswithin15minutesofMRTrideawayfromtheNational

UniversityofSingapore,SingaporeUniversityofTechnologyandDesignaswellasthetechnologycompanies

likeGoogle,IBM,FacebookandHewlett-Packard.Itisaccessibleandwelcomingtothepublicofallagesand

classeswhichisverysuitablefortheapproachofthethesisonnurturinganddevelopingintroverttalentsofall

backgrounds.Inconclusion,theNationalDesignCenterofSingaporeisthebestfitsitetocultivateaplacefor

technologicalenthusiasticintrovertsbecauseofthenationallongpublicexposuretime,thelackoffacilitiesfor

introvertcommunityandtheexistingbeneficialbackgroundandestablishedidentityofthebuilding.


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Micro - THE USERS

Introverted people have always been

scientists, artists, or computer enthusiasts who

contribute to thecivilizationby excavating their

personaltendencytobealone,listen,observeand

analyze information. Therefore, thisarchitecture

thesiswillbeestablishedtoserve“creators”from

various backgrounds, perspectives, age ranges

andexperiences.(Figure47-50)

By facilitating the infusion of these introvert

individuals,theresultwillbringoutideas,bonding

opportunities,andpromote thecultureofquiet.

In these social encounters, they will hopefully

developtheircreativepower,buildtrustandare

freefromtheconventionalgroupworkthreatfrom

the extrovert world , to blossom and fulfill their

missionofcomingtoearthwiththeirspecialtrait.

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Figure47.IntrovertedChildren

Figure48.IntrovertedStudents


Figure49.IntrovertedWorkers,YoungAdults,Professionals

Figure50.IntrovertedArtists,Inventors,Creators

N.D.C - Location & Benefits

The National Design Center of

SIngapore is located in one of the

densest area of cultural and social

activitiesofthecountry.Itisaccessible

by the subway system from any

places.Thisculturaldistricthasmany

casualaswellas formaldestinations

that introverts often come to hang

out or to be themselves such as

coffee shops, libraries, bookstores,

parks, convention centers, etc.

(Figure 53-56) The National Design

Centerisalsoonthepathconnecting

many companies and university to

apartment and home around the

country which provide absolute

convinienceforpeopletostopatthis

thirdplacetorecharge,andreinvent

thesocialnorm.

Figure51.NationalDesignCenterLocation

Figure52.MRTSystemaroundtheCountry


Figure53.Workplaces Figure54.HousesandApartments

Figure55.LibraryConcentration Figure56.SchoolsandUniversities

N.D.C -History

TheNationalDesignCentre is locatedat

111 Middle Road in Singapore. This building

used to be St Anthony’s Convent from 1879

to1994with the traditionalclassroomsetting

thatallowsintrovertstobethemselvesbynot

beingconstantlyonthespotlight(Figure57).

From 1995 to 2009, the N.D.C became

the Nanyang Acadamy of Fine Arts, then

from1995 to 2009 itwas theChineseOpera

Institute.Studentsweretaughtvariousmedia

ofart form, tobecreative, tobetterexpress

themselves and to speak for the unheard

(Figure58,59).

In 2011, the building was officially

renovated for theNationalDesignCenterof

Singapore where it hosts classes, exhibitions,

conventions for a wide spectrum of art,

technologyandcreativefields.(Figure60) Figure58.NanyangAcadamyofFineArts

Figure57.StAnthony’sConventclassroom


Figure60.NationalDesignCenter-Presentation

Figure57.ChineseOperaInstitute

N.D.C -Architectural Context

Figure61.FrontviewfromVictoriaStreet

Figure62.HistoricFacade(2)&ModernFacade(1onfarleft)lookingtowardtheNationalPublicLibrary


Figure63.CourtyardPeekfromQueenSt.

Figure64.ChurchNextDoorFromQueenSt.

Figure65.StreetFabricfromQueenSt.



Figure66.ArtMuseumonQueenStreet

Figure67.StreetscapefromVictoriaStreet

Figure68.SingaporeNationalLibrary-acrrossthestreetfromthesite



Figure69.ElevationoftheNationalDesignCenterontheMiddleRoad


Figure71.SuspendedGalleriesandMeetingRoomsFigure70.CourtyardwithReflectingPool


Figure72.OutdoorCourtyardmadeIndoorbyaddingSkylight


Figure74.DaylightingQualityFigure73.SchoolChapelrenovatedintoAtrium


Figure75.CatholicSchoolCourtyardnowservedasAtrium

Figure76.Groundplan

N.D.C -Architectural Drawings


Figure77.SecondFloor

Figure78.FifthFloor

N.D.C -Architectural Drawings


Figure79.Section

N.D.C - General Approach Direction

Figure82.Exhibition

Figure81.GroupWorkDeskSetup

Figure80.OpenPlanOffice

Introvertsarefoundtobemorecreativeatart,scienceand

technologybecauseoftheirpowerofconcentratinganddwelling

ontheprojectsthattheypusue.Thisbuildingmeanstocelebrate

theproductofcreativiityandtheitsformingprocess.TheNational

Design Center, however, was designedwith extroverts inmind.

The spaces provided here are vast opening for exhibition and

conference opportunities. Though it seems lively with broken

downstallsetup,itisnotanidealspaceforintrovertstomeander,

exploreorshareideasjustlikethecourtyardoftheSalkInstitute.

Thesmallerroomandmeetingpodsarehunganddistributed

elegantlyaroundthiscentralcourtyard.Withthesamestrategyof

modernclassroomandopenofficeplan,thesespacesfailtoserve

theintrovertcommunity.Lookingfromtheoutside,itisasolemn

placefulloforderandhierrarchywhichisunsuitablefocreativity

andunwelcomingtotheeverydayvisitofthepublic.Thegoalof

mythesisisthereforetorenovatethebuildingtoprocidespaces

for introverts to thrive and collaborate. The whole building will

alsostandasaboldstatementofthequietpowerintheheartof

Singapore-thecountrywhereeastmeetswest.


Figure83.DesignExhibitionintheInteriorCourtyard

Participationisthefastestwaytoexploreideas.Thosewhoareloud,boldanddecisiveoftensecurethe

spotlight,thusthegroupfollowstheirleadwithoutpayingattentiontowhatthelessvocalpeoplehaveto

share.Recognizingthislossofintelligence,thesocietytreatsintroversionasadisappointment,apathology

thatneedstobecuredbyconstantlyplacingintrovertsingroupprojectsand“productivesettings”.These

environments found inbotheducational andprofessional systems usually arewideopen for interaction,

maximized spacewithminimized cost, with no visual or acoustical privacywhich brings along constant

distraction,surveillance,tensionandhostility.

Introvertsarethosewhopreferminimallyastimulatingenvironment.Theycannotconcentrateor feel

comfortableinthesesociallyprescribed“productive”situations.Itleadstothelossofproductivity,personal

connections,andultimately theircreativeability. Therefore, theprogramof this thesiswillexplore spaces

thatfacilitatecreativity,learning,relationshipbuilding,andcollaboration.Itcanbecalledacenterforthe

quietnatureempowermentwhere the introvert tribe is recognized, supportedandnurtured. Thiswillbe

achievedbycreatingvariousoptimalstimulatingspacesforintrovertstothriveandtocollaboratethrough

theusesofboundaries,barriersandfilters.Additionally,thelinksandtransitionsbetweenthesespacesare

alsoverycrucialtotheirconnectionwithnatureforenergyrevitalization,socialinteractionandcontribution

opportunities.

The introverts’contributionshavebeenoverlooked inmanycountrieseven those thatused tovalue

them.Singapore isonthevergeofextremewesternizationandtilts itsscaletowardextrovertsovereignty.

Thepeopleheresufferedfromconstantpublicengagementbecauseoftheirhighpopulationdensity,long

P R E C I S

| 96

workinghours,extrovertedentertainmentindustries,andanintricatenetworkofonlineintrovertcommunitieswith

limitedfacilitiestoformphysicalexistence.Thespecificsitethereforeischosenforitsrichheritageofcreativity

andeducationbackgroundassociatedwithintrovertsandinproximitywiththeintrovertcommunity’ssatellite

meetingplaces.TheNationalDesignCenterwaswherecreativity,learning,friendshipandcollaborationfostered

throughouthistory.Itslocationandsurroundingtransportationsystemoffereasyaccessibilityforintrovertsfrom

allfieldsandagegroups.Thecurrentbuilding,however, isalsodesignedwithextrovertsandtheiroperating

preferencesinmind.Theintentionofthisthesisistorenovatethebuildingtoprovidespacesforintrovertstothrive

andcollaborate.ItwillalsostandasaboldstatementofintrovertpowerintheheartofSingapore-thecountry

whereeastmeetswest.

P R E C I S

“Rhetoric is the counter part of dilectic... Rhetoric is the art of finding in any given case

all the available means of persuation or the practices of logical discussion as employed in

investigating truth”

-ARISTOTLE,TheRhetoric

| 98

C I T A T I O N

AdamMcdowell,“WhyTheWorldNeedsMoreIntroverts,”CanadianBusiness86,no.20(2012):63-

64.

Mcdowell,“WhyTheWorldNeedsMoreIntroverts,”64.

SusanCain,Quiet–ThePowerofIntrovertsinaWorldthatcan’tstopTalking(NewYork:Broadway,

2012),118.

Ibid,122-125.

AndrewFeenbergeandDarinBarne,Communityinadigitalage(Maryland:Rowman&Littlefield,

2004),268.

SusanCain,“Quiet,”TalksatGoogle,43:48,February8,2012.

Купить книгу, “SusanCain -Quiet - Thepowerof introverts inaworld thatcan’t stop talking,”

Metaver,LastModified2013,AccessedNovember20,2015.

http://metaver.pbworks.com/w/page/63549345/Susan%20Cain%20-%20Quiet%20-%20The%20

power%20of%20introverts%20in%20a%20world%20that%20can’t%20stop%20talking

Ibid.


SusanCain,“Quiet–ThePowerofIntrovertsinaWorldthatcan’tstopTalking,”ChronicleofHigher

Education(2013):40.

AdamGrant,“AuthorBrianLittleonPersonalityandthe‘ArtofWell-being’,”WhartonUniversityof

Pennsylvania(2015).

C I T A T I O N

i

ii

iii

iv

v

vi

vii

viii

ix

x

xi

Text

SusanCain,Quiet–ThePowerofIntrovertsinaWorldthatcan’tstopTalking,5.

SusanCain,“ThePowerofIntroverts,”TED,19:04,November22,2015.

Ibid.

SusanCain,“ThePowerofIntroverts,”TED,AccessedNovember15,2015.

https://www.ted.com/talks/susan_cain_the_power_of_introverts?language=en

“MyersBriggsTypeIndicator”,http://reachouttrust.org/related-issues/myers-briggs-type-indicator/

JohnFrancis,“Walktheearth...my17-yearvowofsilence,”TED,19:20,February,2008.

SusanCain,Quiet–ThePowerofIntrovertsinaWorldthatcan’tstopTalking,176.



Ibid.

MariaKonikova,“TheOpenOfficeTrap”,TheNewYorker,LastModifiedJanuary7,2014,AccessedNovember

20,2015.http://www.newyorker.com/business/currency/the-open-office-trap

JenWarnick,BuildingHappinessArchitecturetoMakeYouSmile,(London:BlackDogPublishing,2008),64.

Ibid,64-65.


“Monastic(religious)Activities”AccessedOctober4,2015.http://www.tibetan-village.org.uk/routine.html

SusanCain,Quiet–ThePowerofIntrovertsinaWorldthatcan’tstopTalking,(NewYork:Broadway,2012),

97-111.

SethGodin,Tribes-WeNeedYouToLeadUs,(NewYork:PenguinGroup,2008),9.

“Monastic(religious)Activities”

Ibid.

JacobsDeCroesCharlotte,JonasSalk,(NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress,2015),254.

xii

xiii

xiv

xv

xvi

xvii

xviii

xix

xx

xxi

xxii

xxiii

xxiv

xxv

xxvi

xxvii

xxviii

xxix

xxx

xxxi

| 100

Ibid,255.

DavidBrownleeandDavidDeLong,Kahn,136.

BlytheCamenson,Introverts&otherSolitaryTypes,(NewYork:TheMcGrawHillCompany,Inc.,2006)65-74.

“SalkInstitute/LouisKahn”LastmodifiedMay28,2010..AccessedOctober5,2015.http://www.archdaily.

com/61288/ad-classics-salk-institute-louis-kahn/

DavidBrownleeandDavidDeLong,Kahn,139.

“Steelcase- The Quiet Ones.” Accessed November 20,2015. http://www.steelcase.com/insights/articles/

quiet-ones/

Ibid.

Ibid.

Ibid.

Ibid.

Donahue,Thomas.PeterZumthor,(Nebraska:Houchen,2004),138.

Ibid,139.

“HowSingaporebecomeanentrepreneurhub?”HarvardBusinessReview,accessedOct20th2015,https://

hbr.org/2015/02/how-singapore-became-an-entrepreneurial-hub

“HowSingaporebecameahub for tech start-ups,” Straits Times,accessedOct 21st 2015, http://www.

straitstimes.com/opinion/how-singapore-became-a-hub-for-tech-start-ups

“LifeinCitiesmoredenselypopulated”,Lift,accessedOct20th2015,http://limpehft.blogspot.com/2013/02/

life-in-cities-more-densely-populated.html

“PopulationReport”,SingaporeDepartmentofStatistic,accessedOct21st2015,http://www.singstat.gov.

sg/

“Howbig isSingapore incomparisiontoLosAngeles,NewYork,London,HongKong,”Traveler’sDigest,

C I T A T I O N

xxxii

xxxiii

xxxiii

xxxiv

xxxv

xxxvi

xxxvii

xxxviii

xxxix

xl

xli

xlii

xliii

xliv

xlv

xlvi

accessedOct20th2015,http://www.travelersdigest.com/7390-how-big-is-singapore-in-comparison-to-los-

angeles-new-york-london-hong-kong/

YangPeidong,“Authenticity”and“ForeignTalent”inSingapore:TheRelativeandNegativeLogicofNational

Identity.”JournalOfSocialIssuesInSoutheastAsia29,no.2(July2014):413-414,accessedOct25th2015

“Singapore hidden poverty problem,” BBC, accessed Oct 21st 2015, http://www.bbc.com/news/xlviii

business-26268500

“Thinkingaboutmovingtoanopen-planoffice?Thinkagain…,”SandboxAdviser,Oct21st2015,http://

www.sandboxadvisors.com/human-resource-management/open-plan-office

SusanCain.Quiet–ThePowerofIntrovertsinaWorldthatcan’tstopTalking(NewYork:Broadway,2012),75.

“Introvert Network, Singapore,” Meetup, accessed Oct 21st 2015, http://www.meetup.com/

networkingintroverts/

“AboutNationalDesignCenter,”DesignSingapore,accessedOct24th2015,http://www.designsingapore.

org/NDC/About_NDC.aspx

BlytheCamenson,Careers for Introverts&Other Solitary Types (NewYork:McGraw-HillCompanies, Inc.,

2006),2-4.

SusanCain,Quiet-ThePowerofIntrovertsinaWorldthatcan’tstopTalking(NewYork:Broadway,2012),

87,93.

xlvii

xlviii

xlix

l

li

lii

liii

liv

| 102C I T A T I O N

| 104

C I T A T I O N

1.Diagram

2.Diagram

3.https://musingsonmormonism.wordpress.com/2012/09/17/easily-the-most-fascintaing-and-illuminating-comparison-of-introversion-and-extroversion-ive-ever-seen/

4.Diagram

5.http://conflictbegone.com/2013/08/21/dear-dale-how-should-i-approach-this-conflict/

6.http://medicmagic.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Listening-to-Mozart-makes-the-mind-more-focused.jpg

7.http://conflictbegone.com/2013/08/21/dear-dale-how-should-i-approach-this-conflict/

8.http://www.careerealism.com/better-listening-skills-quick-tips/

9.http://blog.freepeople.com/2012/02/call-submissions/

11.http://www.e-architect.co.uk/images/jpgs/architects/paul_raff_studio_p220512_s.jpg

12.Diagram

13 .h t tp : / /ex t ra s .mng in te rac t i ve .com/ l i ve/med ia/ s i te568/2013/1109/20131109__ssjm1101commoncore~3.JPG

14.http://interestingnerdworld.blogspot.com/2014/07/a-brief-discussion-attitude-reflects.html`

15.Diagram

16.http://www.e-architect.co.uk/images/jpgs/architects/

17.http://www.435mag.com/Apple-Co-Founder-Steve-Wozniak-KU-Nov-20/

18.Diagram

Images

C I T A T I O N

19.https://moreaedesign.wordpress.com/author/mikecarrell/

20.http://www.pentaxforums.com/forums/12-post-your-photos/221340-architecture-salk-institute-la-jolla-california.html

21.Diagram

22.https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/17/fc/cb/17fccb2f92082b71859a64d1f257ec11.jpg

23.Diagram

24.http://www.steelcase.com/insights/articles/quiet-ones/

25.http://www.steelcase.com/insights/articles/quiet-ones/

26.Diagram

27.Diagram

28.http://www.greekarchitects.gr/en/degrees/made-of-stone-and-water-for-the-human-body-id2843

29.Ibid

30.Ibid

31.Ibid

32.Ibid

33.Ibid

34.Diagram

35.Diagram

36.https://www.techinasia.com/talk/memoirs-of-an-introvert-how-to-network/

37.http://www.substation.org/wp-content/uploads/open-roads-2.jpg

38.http://www.amiehu.com/2015/01/8-introverted-activities-in-singapore.html

39.http://buonavistatoastmastersclub.com/


41.http://www.aspirantsg.com/top-cafes-by-location-in-singapore-best-cafehopping-list/


42.https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Level_2,_Li_Ka_Shing_Library,_Singapore_Management_University_-_20141028-01.jpg

43.https://news.microsoft.com/apac/2014/02/12/thetechnologyenabledtransformationoftheaviationindustry/

44.http://sg.asia-city.com/city-living/article/top-10-parks-and-gardens-singapore


46.http://aasarchitecture.com/2014/04/national-design-centre-scda-architects.html

47.http://www.sd34.bc.ca/programs/integrated-arts-asia

48.http://aasarchitecture.com/2014/04/national-design-centre-scda-architects.html

49.http://www.naaapcharlotte.org/Portals/45/Gallery/Album/bigstockphoto_Confident_Business_Team__208595.jpg

50.http://goodmenproject.com/featured-content/4-habits-of-highly-ineffective-artists-dg/

51Diagram

52Diagram

53Diagram

54Diagram

55Diagram

56Diagram

57.http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/thumbnail/event/7fb18ee7-0029-4e73-9296-b78f1fde5033/2885/2

58.http://a-list.sg/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/4-a8.jpg

59.http://asiasociety.org/files/120518_shanghai_opera_blog.jpg

60.http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-s iJ5X6ePIQY/VC_60JPhKFI/AAAAAAAAYog/gAXFzW7oo8g/s1600/startbuilding_20sep2014_at_national_design_centre_singapore_photo_sl2square.org.png

61. “National Design Center Singapore,” Google Maps Street View, accessed Oct 26th 2015, https://www.google.com/maps/place/National+Design+Centre,+Singapore/@1.2983343,103.8534182,1225m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m2!3m1!1s0x31da1a3b43be1ddb:0x4b7fe825d8b75aa9




65.Ibid

66Ibid

67Ibid

68.Ibid

69.“NationalDesignCentreSCDAArchitect,”ArchitectureRecord,http://archrecord.construction.com/projects/Building_Types_Study/adaptive_reuse/2015/1502-National-Design-Centre-SCDA-Architects-slideshow.asp

70.Diagram

80.http://www.maison-objet.com/en/asia/news/singapore-asian-road-show



83.Ibid


| 110

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BlytheCamenson,Introverts&otherSolitaryTypes,NewYork:TheMcGrawHillCompany,Inc.,2006.

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Brownlee,DavidBruce,DavidGilsonLong,andCalifAngeles.LouisI.Kahn:IntheRealmofArchitecture.LosAngeles:MuseumofContemporaryArt:1991.

Donahue,Thomas.PeterZumthor,Nebraska:Houchen,2004.

GeraldM.Phillips,CommunicationandtheSmallGroup,NewYork:TheBobbs–MerrillCompany,1966.

HollyBlackandCecilCastellucci,Geektastic:storiesfromthenerdherd,NewYork:LittleBrown,2010.

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JacobsDeCroesCharlotte,JonasSalk,NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress,2015.

JaneWernick,BuildingHappiness-ArchitecturetoMakeYouSmile,London:BlackDog


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MartiOlsenLaney,TheIntrovertAdvantage:HowtoThriveinanExtrovertWorld,NewYork:WorkmanPublicingCompany,Inc.,2002

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SethGodin,Tribes-WeNeedYoutoLeadUs,NewYork:PenguinGroup,2008.

SophiaDembling,TheIntrovert’sWay:LivingaQuietLifeinaNoisyWorld,NewYork:Penguin,2012.

StephenH.SegalandZakiHasan,Geekwisdom:thesacredteachingsofnerdculture,Philadelphia:QuirkBooks,2011.

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AdamMcdowell.“Whytheworldneedsmoreintroverts”CanadianBusinessVol,85Issue20(2012):63-64.AccessedSeptember3,2015.http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?sid=4b98d8c8-33db-4ff5-ba83-d4664700c1c3%40sessionmgr4003&crlhashurl=login.aspx%253fdirect%253dtrue%2526hid%253d4207%2526AN%253d83816970%2526db%253dafh%2526site%253dehost-live&hid=4207&vid=0&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=83816970&db=afh

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DevoraZack.“Leadershiptipsforintroverts”CanadianBusinessVol.87Issue5/6(2014):14.AccessedSeptember10,2015.http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?sid=cf122925-4ef1-4a6f-94e4-fc56e2bd1bca%40sessionmgr4001&crlhashurl=login.aspx%253fdirect%253dtrue%2526hid%253d4207%2526AN%253d95983101%2526db%253dafh%2526site%253dehost-live&hid=4207&vid=0&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=95983101&db=afh

EdSmith.“LeftField”NewStatesmanVol,141Issue5123(2012):62.AccessedSeptember7,2015.http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?sid=dd75cab7-53ef-4586-bad6-ec105e87fc9c%40sessionmgr4004&crlhashurl=login.aspx%253fdirect%253dtrue%2526AN%253d79989045%2526db%253dafh%2526site%253dehost-live&hid=4207&vid=0&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=79989045-&db=afh

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JamesG.Skakoon.“IntrovertsRule”MechanicalEngineeringVol.137Issue4(2015):16.AccessedSeptember5,2015.http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?sid=9e9e06ed-7346-4fbe-ba84-1812a0dd0ef8%40sessionmgr4004&crlhashurl=login.aspx%253fdirect%253dtrue%2526hid%253d4207%2526AN%253d101694235%2526db%253dafh%2526site%253dehost-live&hid=4207&vid=0&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=101694235&db=afh

JudyJensvold.“Defendingintroverts”ChristianCenturyVol.130Issue2(2013):6.AccessedSeptember10,2015.http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?sid=1375f3d8-318c-4012-9b76-9e4b4c5eda91%40sessionmgr4002&crlhashurl=login.aspx%253fdirect%253dtrue%2526hid%253d4207%2526AN%253d84957515%2526db%253dafh%2526site%253dehost-live&hid=4207&vid=0&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=84957515&db=afh

MatthewHutson.“Self-Promote(TheIntroverts’Edition)”PsychologyTodayVole.42Issue6(2009):25.AccessedSeptember10,2015.http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?sid=2276c190-aa57-445a-b80e-cfbd8eed74dd%40sessionmgr4005&crlhashurl=login.aspx%253fdirect%253dtrue%2526hid%253d4207%2526AN%253d44835302%2526db%253dafh%2526site%253dehost-live&hid=4207&vid=0&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=44835302&db=afh

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RichardStengel.“WhatifIntrovertsruledtheworld?”TimeVol.179Issue5(2012):2.AccessedSeptember3,2015.http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?sid=cdf0c6e8-6152-4230-9f55-ff7ebaa2d834%40sessionmgr4005&crlhashurl=login.aspx%253fdirect%253dtrue%2526hid%253

| 114

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SarahKorones.“Justbequiet”PsychologyTodayVol.45Issue1(2012):23.AccessedSeptember12,2015.http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?sid=924f276d-b499-4caf-81c9-50f56eaf8589%40sessionmgr4004&crlhashurl=login.x%253fdirect%253dtrue%2526db%253dafh%2526AN%253d70180244%2526si-253dehostive&hid=4207&vid=0&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=70180244&db=afh

YangPeidong,“Authenticity”and“ForeignTalent”inSingapore:TheRelativeandNegativeLogicofNationalIdentity.”JournalofSocialIssuesinSoutheastAsia29,no.2(July2014):413-414,accessedOct25th2015.http://www.academia.edu/7477000/Yang_P._2014_Authenticity_and_Foreign_Talent_in_Singapore_The_Relative_and_Negative_Logic_of_National_Identity._SOJOURN_Journal_of_Social_Issues_in_Southeast_Asia_29_2_408-437

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ResearchGate.“OntheInternetNoOneKnowsI’manIntrovert”:Extroversion,Neuroticism,andInternetInteraction”.AccessedSeptember7,2015.http://www.researchgate.net/publication/11346051_On_the_Internet_No_One_Knows_I’m_an_Introvert_Extroversion_Neuroticism_and_Internet_Interaction

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Quiet!

Documents

Ngoc bich do thesis seminar book fall 2015