NFPA Surge and Lightning Protection Standards

7/29/2019 NFPA Surge and Lightning Protection Standards

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Bellcore

Surge

and

Lightning

ProtectionStandards

Prepared by:

Phil JonesEngineering Section Manager

ERICO, Inc

Issue 2September 2,1998

IMPORTANT NOTICEThis document is an internal ERICO

document, not intended for external release

or publication. It may contain materialcopyrighted by others, and no liability is

accepted for the use of this information. It isprovided in good faith as a correct

interpretation of the current standardsenvironment, but may contain errors or

omissions.


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ERICO, Inc. 1998 Page 2 of 17 Doc: Standards.doc, Printed: February 3, 1999

1 Contents1 CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................. 2

2 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................... 32.1 OBJECTIVE: ................................................................................................................................. 3

2.2 SCOPE:........................................................................................................................................ 32.3 NOTES: ....................................................................................................................................... 3

3 AC POWER PROTECTION........................................................................................................ 4

3.1 TRANSIENT VOLTAGE SURGE SUPPRESSORS (TVSS) ..................................................................... 4

3.2 SECONDARY ARRESTERS.............................................................................................................. 4

4 TELEPHONE PROTECTION..................................................................................................... 5

4.1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS CARRIERS (COMMUNICATIONS UTILITIES) ................................................ 54.2 CUSTOMER PREMISES EQUIPMENT (CPE)...................................................................................... 5

5 DATA/COMMUNICATIONS PROTECTION............................................................................ 6

5.1 COMMUNITY ANTENNA TELEVISION (CATV) ............................................................................... 65.2 MISCELLANEOUS ......................................................................................................................... 6

6 LIGHTNING PROTECTION ...................................................................................................... 7

6.1 LIGHTNING PROTECTION COMPONENTS ........................................................................................ 7

6.2 LIGHTNING PROTECTION INSTALLATIONS ..................................................................................... 7

7 INFORMATIVE STANDARDS ................................................................................................... 8

7.1 IEEE COMPONENT STANDARDS ................................................................................................... 8

7.2 IEEE GUIDES AND RECOMMENDED PRACTICES............................................................................. 87.3 UNPUBLISHED (FUTURE) IEEE STANDARDS ................................................................................. 8

7.4 TELEPHONE EQUIPMENT............................................................................................................... 87.5 SAFETY STANDARD ..................................................................................................................... 8

8 IEEE STANDARDS...................................................................................................................... 9

9 WHO ARE THE STANDARDS MAKING BODIES? .............................................................. 10

9.1 INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERS (IEEE) ................................................ 10

9.2 BELLCORE................................................................................................................................. 109.3 TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION (TIA).............................................................. 119.4 NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA)................................................................... 12

9.5 THE NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (NEMA)....................................... 129.6 FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY (FCC) ........................................................................ 12

9.7 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC (UL) .................................................................................. 13

9.8 LIGHTNING PROTECTION INSTITUTE (LPI) .................................................................................. 13

10 APPENDIX A - LIST OF REFERENCED STANDARDS......................................................... 14

11 APPENDIX B - TIA ENGINEERING COMMITTEES............................................................ 16


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2 Introduction2.1 Objective:

This document is intended to be a definitive reference which details relevant surge and

lightning standards, applicable in the USA, for AC, telephone, and data services. Ratherthan describe the standard contents in depth, this document seeks to explain the

applicability and relevance of each.

2.2 Scope:

There are literally hundreds of standards that deal with lightning and surge protection in

some way, but this document is intended to deal with those that are applicable to end

product sold in the United States. In specifying end products, it excludes standards that

specifically apply to components only, and such end products are intended for normal

commercial use, and preclude those that apply to specific applications, such as for power

sub-stations, and marine applications.

2.3 Notes:

Standards are listed here without reference to issue and year, as this information issubject to change.

The standards process is one of continual change and evolution. It is hoped to revisethis document from time to time, to follow this change, and to expand the scope and

content as need warrants.


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3 AC Power Protection3.1 Transient Voltage Surge Suppressors (TVSS)

StandardsNEMA LS 1 Low Voltage Surge Protective DevicesNFPA 70 National Electric Code (NEC)UL 1449 Transient Voltage Surge SuppressorsDiscussionThe NEC uses the term surge arrester somewhat loosely to mean both TVSS andSecondary Arrester, and states [280-4. (a)] that Surge arresters installed on circuits ofless than 1000V shall be listed for the purpose. Listing here means that the device shall be

listed by a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory, and of these, UL is the most widelyrecognized.UL tests these devices to UL1449, which is applicable for devices intended for installationon the load side of the main overcurrent protection.The NEMA document, NEMA LS 1, is intended to serve primarily as a guide tomanufacturers and others affiliated with the Low Voltage SPD marketplace in the hope

that uniformity of specifications, in terms of valid, understandable physical parameters,will improve the understanding of SPD literature. Apart from this noble aim, it has noparticular requirements.

3.2 Secondary Arresters

StandardsIEEE C62.1 Standard for Gapped Silicon Carbide Surge Arresters for AC Power CircuitsIEEE C62.2 Guide for the application of Gapped Silicon Carbide Surge Arresters for AC Power CircuitsIEEE C62.11 Standard for Metal Oxide Surge Arresters for AC Power CircuitsIEEE C62.22 Guide for the Application of Metal Oxide Surge Arresters for AC SystemsIEEE C62.34 Standard for Performance of Low Voltage Surge Protective Devices (Secondary Arresters)NFPA 70 National Electric Code (NEC)DiscussionThe NEC uses the term surge arrester somewhat loosely to mean both TVSS andSecondary Arrester, and states [280-4. (a)] that Surge arresters installed on circuits ofless than 1000V shall be listed for the purpose. Listing here means that the device shall be

listed by a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory, and of these, UL is the most widelyrecognized.Currently, UL investigates metal oxide Surge Arresters to IEEE C62.11. All other typesare investigated to ANSI/IEEE C62.1. In the near future UL intends to develop an Outlineof Investigation, or the like, that outlines the applicable requirements in IEEEC62.34 andother standards to investigate Surge Arresters. Once the outline is completed, UL will

review all Listed Surge Arresters to determine compliance.A TVSS is a protective device that is installed after the main disconnect and a SecondaryArrester is a protective device that is installed after the secondary transformer.


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4 Telephone Protection4.1 Telecommunications Carriers (Communications Utilities)

StandardsGR-974-CORE Generic Requirements for Telecommunications Line Protector Units (TLPUs)GR-1089-CORE Electromagnetic Compatibility and Electrical Safety Generic Criteria for Networktelecommunications EquipmentGR-1361-CORE Generic Requirements for Gas Tube Protector Units (GTPUs)DiscussionThe NEC states in its scope [90-2. (b) (4)] that The code does not cover Installationsof communications equipment under the exclusive control of communications utilitieslocated outdoors or in building spaces used exclusively for such installations.Thus, the requirements that protectors be listed (UL, etc) does not apply totelecommunications carriers, and some other bodies. The requirements of such carriers aredetermined solely by them, and may well reference the Bellcore standards listed above.4.2 Customer Premises Equipment (CPE)

StandardsFCC Part 68 Connection of Terminal Equipment to the Telephone NetworkNFPA 70 National Electric CodeTIA/EIA TSB31-B Telecommunications Systems Bulletin Part 68 Rationale and Measurement GuidelinesUL 497 Protectors for Paired Conductor Communications CircuitsUL 497A Secondary Protectors for Communications CircuitsDiscussionThe NEC separates protective devices for communications circuits [800-30] into PrimaryProtectors [800-31] and Secondary Protectors [800-32], and requires that both types belisted. Suitable standards are UL497 for primary protectors, and UL497A for secondary

protectors.Interestingly, the NEC itself states that a Primary Protector shall consist of an arresterconnected between each line conductor and ground, and that a Secondary Protector

shall provide means to safely limit currents to less than the current carrying capacity oflisted wire and cable and that any overvoltage protection, arresters, or groundingconnection shall be connected on the equipment terminals side of the secondary protector

current limiting means. It is thus quite prescriptive of the circuit topology required.In addition, federal law requires that the rules and regulations apply to direct connectionof all terminal equipment to the public switched telephone network. This is FCC Part 68,and a recent enquiry by me to the FCC compliance section indicates that surge protectioncircuits need to comply also, although many manufacturers appear not to do this.

The TIA/EIA TSB31-B document is referenced by FCC Part 68, and is a companiondocument intended to provide good engineering interpretation of the (legal styled) FCCPart 68.

To connect CPE to the telephone network for those applications covered by FCC Part 68,the CPE must be registered with the FCC. The basis for registration is an application filedby the manufacturer stating that its product complies with, and will continue to comply


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with, the Part 68 technical standards. Such an application is accompanied by testprocedures and design notes to demonstrate this.

Apart from producing the document TIA/EIA TSB31-B, the TIA group do not appear tomake any recommendations on surge protection. The committee that most likely dealswith this is TR-41, and sub-committee TR-41.9 has indirectly dealt with this, by endorsing

FCC Part 68 (see Appendix B).5 Data/Communications Protection5.1 Community Antenna Television (CATV)

StandardsGR-2908-CORE Generic Requirements for Surge Protectors on Coaxial Lines at Customers PremisesUL 497C Protectors for Coaxial Communications CircuitsDiscussionArticle 820 of the NEC deals with CATV systems, and Article 820-33 deals withprotection requirements. It states that the outer shield of the coaxial cable shall begrounded, and that where this is done, no other protective devices shall be required.

If one were to provide a protective device, the above two standards listed may be suitable.5.2 Miscellaneous

StandardsUL 497B Protectors for Data Communications and Fire Alarm CircuitsIEEE C62.36 Standard Test Methods for Surge Protectors Used in Low Voltage Data, Communications, andSignaling CircuitsGR-2908-CORE Generic Requirements for Surge Protectors on Coaxial Lines at Customers PremisesUL 497C Protectors for Coaxial Communications CircuitsDiscussionExactly what is required for various data protectors is a little unclear. The NEC refers totelephone, telegraph, fire alarm, burglar alarm, and other systems. The NEC does notparticularly distinguish between telephone circuits and general communications (data?)

circuits as far as the requirements for primary and secondary protectors. Put simply, theactual application has to be evaluated, and any of UL497, UL497A, UL497B, or UL497Cmay be applicable.

Interestingly, the NEC itself states that a Primary Protector shall consist of an arresterconnected between each line conductor and ground, and that a Secondary Protectorshall provide means to safely limit currents to less than the current carrying capacity of

listed wire and cable and that any overvoltage protection, arresters, or grounding

connection shall be connected on the equipment terminals side of the secondary protectorcurrent limiting means.


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6 Lightning Protection6.1 Lightning Protection Components

StandardsUL 96 Lightning Protection ComponentsDiscussionVery basic, limited information is given here for lightning protection components. It dealswith conventional lightning protection systems, and has details for these elements such asair terminals, downconductors, supports, and ground electrodes.

6.2 Lightning Protection Installations

StandardsNFPA 780 Installation of Lightning Protection SystemsLPI-175 Standard of PracticeLPI-177 Inspection Guide for LPI Certified SystemsUL 96A Installation Requirements for Lightning Protection SystemsNFPA 70 National Electric CodeDiscussionThe NEC has a small amount of information regarding lightning protection systems(requiring that metal parts of electrical equipment be kept at least 6 feet away from

lightning rod conductors), but references NFPA-780 for further information.The requirements of all the other four standards are very similar, and have many identicaldiagrams, etc, and it is straightforward to install systems that comply with all three

standards.Committee TR-14 of the TIA is responsible for Point-to-Point Communications, and sub-committee TR-14.3 deals with Station Grounding (see Appendix B). Listed within their

charter are lightning protection systems for microwave towers, etc.It perhaps needs to be stated that the above standards all deal with conventional lightningsystems. There was an attempt to get NFPA 781 Standard for Lightning Protection

Using Early Streamer Emission Air Terminals accepted, but following a hearing on July18, 1995, the standards council decided not to issue this standard.


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7 Informative Standards7.1 IEEE Component Standards

IEEE C62.31 Standard Test Specifications for Gas Tube Surge Protective DevicesIEEE C62.32 Standard Test Specifications for Low Voltage Air Gap Surge Protective Devices (excludingValve and Expulsion type devices)

IEEE C62.33 Standard Test Specifications for Varistor Surge Protective DevicesIEEE C62.35 Standard Test Specifications for Avalanche Junction Semiconductor Surge Protective DevicesIEEE C62.37 Standard Test Specifications for Thyristor Diode Surge Protective Devices7.2 IEEE Guides and Recommended Practices

IEEE C62.41 Recommended Practice on Surge Voltages in Low Voltage AC Power CircuitsIEEE C62.42 Guide for the Application of Gas Tube and Air Gap Arrestor Low Voltage Surge ProtectiveDevicesIEEE C62.45 Guide on Surge Testing for Equipment Connected to Low Voltage AC Power CircuitsIEEE C62.48 Guide on Interactions Between Power System Disturbances and Surge Protection Devices7.3 Unpublished (Future) IEEE Standards

(IEEE C62.43 Guide for the Application of Surge Protectors Used in Low Voltage Data, Communications,and Signaling Circuits)*(IEEE C62.62 Standard Test Specifications for Surge Protectors used in Low Voltage AC Power Circuits)*(IEEE C62.72 Guide for Application of Surge Protectors used in Low Voltage AC Power Circuits)*7.4 Telephone equipment

UL 1459 Telephone EquipmentListed for information. This standard does not apply to protectors, since the UL497 seriesis applicable here.

7.5 Safety Standard

UL 1950 Safety of Information Technology Equipment, Including Electrical Business EquipmentAlso listed for information. This is based on IEC950 which is often used for protectors inother parts of the world. In the US, the UL497 series is more applicable, and hence is therequirement.* = Standards marked with an asterisk are not yet published and are subject to change.


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8 IEEE StandardsThe IEEE plays a big part in the standards process for surge protective devices in theUSA, and influences activities throughout the world. For this reason, this section isdevoted to showing the organisation of the relevant C62 series standards.Component Surge Protective Devices

Test SpecificationsGas Tube (C62.31)Air Gap (C62.32)MOV (C62.33)Avalanche Diode (C62.35)Thyristor Diode (C62.37)

Application GuideCurrently just Gas Tube and Air Gap, but will be all (C62.42)

Surge ProtectorsTest Specifications

AC Power (C62.62)*Data, Comms (C62.36)

Application GuideAC Power (C62.72)*Data, Comms (C62.43)*

Secondary Surge Arresters

Test SpecificationsSilicon Carbide (C62.1)MOV (C62.11)Performance Standard (C62.34)

Application GuideSilicon Carbide (C62.2)MOV (C62.22)

Miscellaneous

IEEE C62.41 - Recommended Practice on Surge Voltages in Low Voltage ACPower Circuits

IEEE C62.45 - Guide on Surge Testing for Equipment Connected to LowVoltage AC Power Circuits

IEEE C62.48 - Guide on Interactions Between Power System Disturbances andSurge Protection Devices

* = Standards marked with an asterisk are not yet published and are subject to change.


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9 Who are the Standards making bodies?9.1 Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)

The IEEE is the world's largest technical professional society. Founded in 1884 by a handful of practitioners of thenew electrical engineering discipline, today's Institute is comprised of more than 320,000 members who conduct and

participate in its activities in 152 countries. The men and women of the IEEE are the technical and scientificprofessionals making the revolutionary engineering advances which are reshaping our world today.

The technical objectives of the IEEE focus on advancing the theory and practice of electrical, electronics andcomputer engineering and computer science. To realize these objectives, the IEEE sponsors technical conferences,symposia and local meetings worldwide: publishes nearly 25% of the world's technical papers in electrical,

electronics and computer engineering; provides educational programs to keep its members' knowledge and expertise

state-of-the-art. The purpose of all these activities is two fold: (1) to enhance the quality of life for all peoples throughimproved public awareness of the influences and applications of its technologies; and (2) to advance the standing of

the engineering profession and its members.

The IEEE, through its members, provides leadership in areas ranging from aerospace, computers and communicationsto biomedical technology, electric power and consumer electronics. For the latest research and innovations in the

many diverse fields of electrical and electronics engineering, industry and individuals look to the IEEE.

IEEE Power Engineering Society (PES)The scope of the Society embraces planning, research, development, design, application, construction, installation andoperation of apparatus, equipment, structures, materials and systems for the safe, reliable and economic generation,

transmission, distribution, conversion, measurement and control of electric energy. It includes the developing ofengineering standards, the providing of information and instruction to the public and to legislators, as well as

technical scientific, literary, educational and other activities that contribute to the electric power discipline or utilizethe techniques or products within this discipline. The Surge Protective Devices Committee is part of the PES and

produces the C62 series of standards9.2 Bellcore

A wholly owned subsidiary of Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC).Bellcore is a leading provider of communications software, engineering, and consulting services based on world-classresearch.One of the world's largest providers of telecommunications information-networking software, and professionalservices, Bellcore creates business solutions that make information technology work for telecommunications carriers,

businesses and governments worldwide.Bellcore employees are recognized leaders in the creation/development of such groundbreaking technologies as

ADSL, AIN, ATM, ISDN, Frame Relay, PCS, SMDS, SONET, and video-on-demand.Eighty percent of the United States public telecommunications network depends on software invented, developed,implemented, and/or maintained by Bellcore.Major Products, Services and Intellectual Assets Software products include MediaVantageTM; software system for full-service networks, and AirBossTM ; voice,

messaging, and information service applications for wireless networks. Professional services include systems integration; local number portability; unbundling and interconnection;

network integrity and reliability; fraud management; pricing and costing analyses; and Year 2000 solutions. Nearly 800 domestic and foreign patents for technical innovation available for licensing -- including a pliable,

environmentally safe, lithium-ion battery.


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Bellcore-developed network systems handle every single 800 and 888 call placed in the U.S. each day,regardless of carrier.

Established January 1, 1984, to provide engineering, administrative and other services to thetelecommunications companies of Ameritech, Bell Atlantic, BellSouth, NYNEX, Pacific Telesis, SBC

Communications, and U S WEST. Sold in 1997 to Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), a diversified, high-technology,

research and engineering company based in San Diego, CA. Major U.S. telecommunications customers include the RBOCs and their affiliates, AT&T, GTE, the

Southern New England Telephone Company, Rochester Telephone, Sprint, Stentor, and government.Global Market Presence Headquarters are in Morristown, New Jersey, with sales and technical offices throughout the United States, as

well as regional sales headquarters for international markets in Europe, Central and South America, and AsiaPacific.

Corporate Statistics 1997 revenue over $1 billion Employs 5,2709.3 Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)

TIA is accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) to develop voluntary industry standards for a

wide variety of telecommunications products. TIA's Standards and Technology Department is composed of fivedivisions which sponsor over 70 standards-setting formulating groups. The committees and subcommittees sponsored

by the five divisions -- Fiber Optics, User Premises Equipment, Network Equipment, Wireless Communications andSatellite Communications -- formulate standards to serve the industry and users well into the next century.Within TIA, over 1,500 individuals, with representatives from manufacturers, service providers and end-users

including the government, serve on the formulating groups involved in standards setting. To ensure representation forthe positions of U.S. telecommunications equipment producers in the international arena, TIA also participates ininternational standards-setting activities, such as the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the Inter-

American Telecommunication Commission (CITEL) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).The Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) is a national, full-service trade association whose members are

engaged in the supply of telecommunications equipment and fiber optic products. TIA's Standards and TechnologyDepartment is composed of five product divisions which sponsor the activities of standards formulating groups

consisting of Engineering Committees, their subcommittees, and working groups. These formulating groups developvoluntary industry standards and specifications for telecommunications equipment and fiber optic products. The scope

statements on the following pages focus on the standards and specification writing mission of the committees and

their subcommittees and working groups. All TIA engineering committees have the additional missions of: providing technical studies and support to their sponsoring TIA divisions; formulating of inputs, where appropriate, to regional and international standards bodies and; formulating of engineering and technical inputs into government entities as related to the standards in their

scope, or as requested by the sponsoring TIA division or Standards and Technology Department.Formulating groups scopes may be revised or reordered from time to time in order to carry out the mission of the

committee as set forth in the Engineering Manual.


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9.4 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

Celebrating its 100th anniversary, the National Fire Protection Association has led the way to fire safety since 1896.The mission of the international nonprofit organization is to reduce the burden of fire on the quality of life by

advocating scientifically based consensus codes and standards, research, and education for fire and related safetyissues. The Association publishes the National Fire Codes and the Learn Not to Burn Curriculum . NFPA

headquarters is in Quincy, Massachusetts, USA.

The lifeblood of NFPA is its consensus standards-making system, which produces the National Fire Codes, 275 codesand standards covering all areas of fire safety and used in nearly every country in the world. In some way, virtually

every building, process, service, design, and installation in society today is affected by the codes and standardsdeveloped through this open system.

NFPA's consensus process is dependent upon the 5,300 volunteers from a wide range of professional backgroundswho serve on more than 200 technical committees, each reflecting a balance of affected interests.

Two of the many NFPA codes that have achieved worldwide recognition, adoption, and enforcement are:The Life Safety CodeNFPA 101 provides requirements for building design, construction, operation, and maintenance to protect occupantsfrom fire, smoke, and fumes or similar emergencies.

The National Electrical CodeNFPA 70 addresses proper electrical systems and equipment installation to protect people and property from hazardsarising from the use of electricity in buildings and structures.

9.5 The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)

For more than 70 years, the National Electrical Manufacturing Association has been developing standards for theelectrical manufacturing industry and is today one of the leading standards development organizations in the world.

As such, it contributes to an orderly marketplace and helps ensure the public safety. NEMA attempts to promote thecompetitiveness of its member companies by providing a forum for:

the development of technical standards that are in the best interests of the industry and the users of its products; the establishment and advocacy of industry policies on legislative and regulatory matters that might affect the

industry and those it serves; and

the collection, analysis, and dissemination of industry dataNEMA publishes over 200 standards and offers them for sale, along with certain standards originally developed bythe American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the International Electrotechnical Commission. In addition, the

association vigorously promotes safety in the manufacture and use of electrical products, provides information aboutNEMA to the media and the public, conducts educational forums, and represents industry interests in new and

developing technologies.

NEMA, with headquarters in Rossyln, Virginia, has nearly 600 member companies, including large, medium, andsmall businesses. The organization is divided into nine divisions: (1) Industrial Automation, (2) Lighting Equipment,

(3) Industrial Equipment, (4) Electronics, (5) Building Equipment, (6) Insulating Materials, (7) Wire and Cable, (8)

Power Equipment, and (9) Diagnostic Imaging and Therapy Systems. Within the nine divisions are approximately 70product-specific sections, which hold primary responsibility for development and maintenance of up-to-date product

standards.

9.6 Federal Communications Authority (FCC)

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent United States government agency, directly

responsible to Congress. The FCC was established by the Communications Act of 1934 and is charged withregulating interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite and cable. The FCC's

jurisdiction covers the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. possessions.


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The FCC is directed by five Commissioners appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate for 5-year terms,except when filling an unexpired term. The President designates one of the Commissioners to serve as Chairperson.

Only three Commissioners may be members of the same political party. None of them can have a financial interest in

any Commission-related business.

As the chief executive officer of the Commission, the Chairman delegates management and administrative

responsibility to the Managing Director. The Commissioners supervise all FCC activities, delegating responsibilities

to staff units and Bureaus.The Commission staff is organized by function. There are six operating Bureaus. The Bureaus are: Mass Media,

Cable Services, Common Carrier, Compliance and Information, Wireless Telecommunications, and International.

These Bureaus are responsible for developing and implementing regulatory programs, processing applications forlicenses or other filings, analyzing complaints, conducting investigations, and taking part in FCC hearings. The staff

offices are: Public Affairs, Managing Director, General Counsel, Engineering and Technology, Workplace Diversity,Legislative and Intergovernmental Affairs, Plans and Policy, Inspector General, Communications Business

Opportunities, and Administrative Law Judges.

9.7 Underwriters Laboratories Inc (UL)

UL is the leading third-party certification organization in the United States and the largest in North America. As anot-for-profit product safety testing and certification organization, UL has been evaluating products in the interest of

public safety since 1894.

Since its creation, UL has played a key role in the U.S. Safety System, and the familiar UL Mark has become knownworldwide as a symbol of safety. While the UL Mark is a familiar marking on products, UL's activities involve

evaluating more than 16,500 different types of products for safety hazards, developing standards to test products, andregistering the quality systems of organizations worldwide to various quality standards, including ISO 9000 and QS-

9000 standards.

UL Standards contain the technical requirements used to evaluate products, and are developed with the input of manyother affected parties including manufacturers, jurisdictional authorities, code developers and others. This open

process of standards development creates effective product safety requirements which manufacturers use in designing

and producing safer products. And, UL Standards are designed to be compatible with the U.S. National ElectricalCode and other nationally recognized installation, building and safety codes.

As a leading developer of safety standards, UL publishes its Standards for the benefit of the entire safety community.

Of the more than 726 UL Standards for Safety currently in use, nearly 80 percent have been approved as American

National Standards by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

New UL Standards are being published on a regular basis while existing Standards are constantly evaluated as part of

an on-going cycle of revision and update. UL Standards are available from our distributors in several formats to makeaccessing this important safety information more convenient for all users. UL distributes a free Catalog of Standards.

A Product Index is available to help users of its Standards.

9.8 Lightning Protection Institute (LPI)

The Lightning Protection Institute was founded in 1955. In 1978 it was chartered as a not-for-profit corporation of thestate of Illinois. Aims and objectives of the Lightning Protection Institute are to...

1.Develop means of protecting life and property from loss by lightning.2.Assure greater public safety by extending the use of proper lightning protection systems.

3.Inform the public in regard to proper and positive lightning protection.

4.Compile and disseminate data and information on lightning, and on losses caused by lightning.5.Initiate and conduct lightning protection research and development.

6.Formulate and promote standards for lightning protection materials and systems.7.Conduct educational programs on the science and methods of lightning protection.

8.Conduct training and educational programs for installers, designers, and inspectors of lightning protection systems.

9.Test and certify competence in lightning protection systems design, installation, and inspection.10.Promote and enforce high standards of quality and safety in the design and installation of lightning protection

systems.


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10 Appendix A - List of Referenced StandardsFCC Part 68 Connection of Terminal Equipment to the Telephone Network

GR-974-CORE Generic Requirements for Telecommunications Line Protector Units(TLPUs)

GR-1089-CORE Electromagnetic Compatibility and Electrical Safety Generic Criteriafor Network telecommunications Equipment

GR-1361-CORE Generic Requirements for Gas Tube Protector Units (GTPUs)

GR-2908-CORE Generic Requirements for Surge Protectors on Coaxial Lines atCustomers Premises

IEEE C62.1 Standard for Gapped Silicon Carbide Surge Arresters for AC PowerCircuits

IEEE C62.2 Guide for the application of Gapped Silicon Carbide Surge Arresters forAC Power Circuits

IEEE C62.11 Standard for Metal Oxide Surge Arresters for AC Power Circuits

IEEE C62.22 Guide for the Application of Metal Oxide Surge Arresters for AC

Systems

IEEE C62.31 Standard Test Specifications for Gas Tube Surge Protective Devices

IEEE C62.32 Standard Test Specifications for Low Voltage Air Gap Surge Protective

Devices (excluding Valve and Expulsion type devices)

IEEE C62.33 Standard Test Specifications for Varistor Surge Protective Devices

IEEE C62.34 Standard for Performance of Low Voltage Surge Protective Devices

(Secondary Arresters)

IEEE C62.35 Standard Test Specifications for Avalanche Junction SemiconductorSurge Protective Devices

IEEE C62.36 Standard Test Methods for Surge Protectors Used in Low Voltage Data,Communications, and Signaling Circuits

IEEE C62.37 Standard Test Specifications for Thyristor Diode Surge Protective

Devices

IEEE C62.41 Recommended Practice on Surge Voltages in Low Voltage AC PowerCircuits

IEEE C62.42 Guide for the Application of Gas Tube and Air Gap Arrestor LowVoltage Surge Protective Devices

(IEEE C62.43 Guide for the Application of Surge Protectors Used in Low Voltage

Data, Communications, and Signaling Circuits)*


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IEEE C62.45 Guide on Surge Testing for Equipment Connected to Low Voltage ACPower Circuits

IEEE C62.48 Guide on Interactions Between Power System Disturbances and Surge

Protection Devices

(IEEE C62.62 Standard Test Specifications for Surge Protectors used in Low VoltageAC Power Circuits)*

(IEEE C62.72 Guide for Application of Surge Protectors used in Low Voltage ACPower Circuits)*

LPI-175 Standard of Practice

LPI-177 Inspection Guide for LPI Certified Systems

NEMA LS 1 Low Voltage Surge Protective Devices

NFPA 70 National Electric Code

NFPA 780 Installation of Lightning Protection SystemsTIA/EIA TSB31-B Telecommunications Systems Bulletin Part 68 Rationale andMeasurement Guidelines

UL 96 Lightning Protection Components

UL 96A Installation Requirements for Lightning Protection Systems

UL 497 Protectors for Paired Conductor Communications Circuits

UL 497A Secondary Protectors for Communications Circuits

UL 497B Protectors for Data Communications and Fire Alarm Circuits

UL 497C Protectors for Coaxial Communications CircuitsUL 1449 Transient Voltage Surge Suppressors

UL 1459 Telephone Equipment

UL 1950 Safety of Information Technology Equipment, Including Electrical Business

Equipment

* = Standards marked with an asterisk are not yet published and are subject to change.

FCC Federal Communications Commission

GR Bellcore Generic Requirements

IEEE Institute Of Electrical and Electronic EngineersLPI - Lightning Protection Institute

NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association

NFPA National Fire Protection Association

TIA/EIA Telecommunications Industry Association/Electronic Industries Association

UL Underwriters Laboratories


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11 Appendix B - TIA Engineering CommitteesEngineering Committee Scope Manual

TR-8 Mobile and Personal Private Radio Standards

TR-14 Point-to-Point CommunicationsTR-29 Facsimile Systems and EquipmentTR-30 Data Transmission Systems and Equipment

TR-32 Personal Communications Equipment

TR-34 Satellite Equipment and Systems

TR-41 User Premises Telephone Equipment RequirementsTR-41.1 Multi-Line Telecommunications Systems (MLTS)

TR-41.2 Conformity AssessmentTR-41.3 Analog and Digital Wireline Telephones

TR-41.3.1 Caller I.D.TR-41.5 Multimedia-Building Distribution

TR-41.6 Wireless User Premises Equipment

TR-41.7 Environmental and Safety Considerations

TR-41.8 Commercial and Residential Building Cabling SystemsTR-41.8.1 Commercial and Industrial Building CableTR-41.8.2 Residential & Light Communication Premises Distribution

TR-41.8.3 Commercial Building Telecommunications Pathways/Spaces and Administration

TR-41.8.4 Campus Outside PlantTR-41.8.5 Telecommunications Infrastructure Terminology

TR-41.9 Terminal Attachment Programs

TR-41.10 Private Integrated Systems Networks (PISN)

TR-45 Mobile and Personal Communications Systems StandardsTR-46 Mobile & Personal Communications 1800 Standards

FO-2 Committee on Optical Communication SystemsFO-6 Fiber Optics

TR-14 Point-to-Point Communications

Responsible for standards and recommended practices relating to terrestrial fixed point-to-point radiocommunications equipment and systems (microwave radio), primarily in the frequency bands above 960 MHz.

(Excluded are land-mobile fixed stations operating below 960 MHz and ground communications equipment operatingin conjunction with space communications systems.)

[TR-14 is sponsored by the Wireless Communications Division.]

TR-14.3 Station Grounding

Standards and recommendations for grounding of microwave communication systems, including microwave

equipment, multiplex and signaling equipment, towers, antenna systems, power systems, building alarm

systems, lightning protection systems, and other accessories.

TR-41 User Premises Telephone Equipment Requirements

Responsible for standards and recommendations relating to telecommunication terminal equipment, usertelecommunication systems, private telecommunication networks, private network mobility, unlicensed wireless user

premises equipment, and auxiliary equipment and devices, used for voice service and integrated voice-data service.Network interface characteristics are addressed from a terminal equipment perspective. TR-41 is also responsible for

standards and recommendations on customer premises for premises wiring necessary for voice and data

communications and distribution of multimedia services.


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Standards include service and performance criteria as well as information necessary for proper interworking ofequipment, systems and networks with each other, the public networks, and carrier provided private line services.

Work also includes regulatory, safety and environmental requirements.

[TR-41 is sponsored by the User Premises Equipment Division.]

TR-41.7 Environmental and Safety Considerations

Develops, maintains, and recommends adoption of standards on environmental, powering, and groundingissues for telecommunications equipment included in the scope of TR-41. These standards include service

and performance criteria where standards do not exist. The subcommittee may develop Guidelines forapplying existing standards.

This Subcommittee may also undertake such engineering studies as Committee TR-41 may request.

TR-41.9 Terminal Attachment Programs

Responds to Federal Communication Commission (FCC) technical concerns on subject matters relating to

Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 68 and terminal attachment and advises the FCC on technicalrequirements in the regulatory environment.

The Subcommittee initiate proposals and monitors new requirements and additions to Part 68 and CS-03 to

ensure continued harmonization. Harmonization is achieved by coordinating activities with members of theTechnical Task Force of the Canadian Terminal Attachment Program Advisory committee (TAPAC).

The Subcommittee produces and maintains appropriate documentation relating to test procedures and

compliance evaluations associated with the harmonized Part 68 requirements. This includes addenda andrevisions to the test procedures, as required, whenever the FCC adopts changes to the Part 68 rules.

Documents

NFPA Surge and Lightning Protection Standards