NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION (NFC)

By CHINMAY KUMAR PUHAN 7th SEMISTER, B.TECH REG NO.- 0801287004 ECE-1, GROUP-1

What is “NFC” ???NFC is a wireless communication interface with a working

distance limited to about 10 cm. It allows for simplified transactions, data exchange, and wireless connections between two devices in proximity to each other.

It was co-invented by NXP Semiconductors and Sony in 2002. Nokia has been active in this field since 2004.

As a short-range wireless connectivity technology, NFC offers safe, yet simple and intuitive communication between electronic devices. Users of NFC enabled devices can simply point or touch their devices to other NFC enabled elements in the environment to communicate with them, making application and data usage easy and convenient.

Continued…Based on the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), it uses

magnetic field induction to enable communication between electronic devices.

The number of short-range applications for NFC technology is growing continuously, appearing in all areas of life. Especially the use in conjunction with mobile phones offers great opportunities.

NFC is as simple as…

a touch…

History of NFC 1983: The first patent to be associated with the abbreviation RFID

was granted to Charles Walton.

2004: Nokia, Philips and Sony established the Near Field Communication (NFC) Forum.

2006: Nokia 6131 was the first NFC phone.

2010: Samsung Nexus S: First Android NFC phone shown

2011: NFC support becomes part of the Symbian mobile operating system with the release of Symbian Anna version.

How It Works ???NFC devices communicate via magnetic field induction, where

two loop antennas are located within each other's near field, effectively forming an air-core transformer.

It operates within the globally available radio frequency ISM band of 13.56 MHz, with a bandwidth of almost 2 MHz .

The radius of near field communication having maximum strength can be calculated as follows

Rmax= λ/2*π or Rmax= v/2*π*f

Working distance with compact standard antennas is up to 20 cm .

Continued…Supported data rates of NFC are 106, 212, or 424 Kbit/s now. But

according to NFC Forum, in near future it will come with a supported data rate of 1Mbps.

NFC employs two different codings to transfer data. If an active device transfers data at 106 Kbit/s, a Modified Miller coding with 100% modulation is used. In all other cases Manchester coding is used with a modulation ratio of 10%.

Continued…

A low-to-high transition expresses a 0 bit, whereas a high-to-low transition stands for a 1 bit.

Manchester Coding

Modifi ed Miller Coding

This line code is characterized by pauses occurring in the carrier at different positions of a period. While a 1 is always encoded in the same way, coding a 0 is determined on the basis of the preceded bit .

Continued… NFC has two communicative terminals as follows The Initiator The Target

The initiator is the one who wishes to communicate and starts the communication. The target receives the initiator’s communication request and sends back a reply.

This concept prevents the target from sending any data without first receiving a message.

Continued… Initiator Target

Transmitter Receiver

Loop Antennas

Modes of NFC Communication…The NFC interface can operate in two different modes: Active Mode Passive Mode

An active device generates its own radio frequency (RF) field, whereas a passive device just uses the inductive coupling to receive data.

The communication between two active devices is called Active communication mode, whereas the communication between an active and a passive device is called Passive communication mode.

Continued…The active device acts as the initiator, responsible for generating

the radio field. In the case of an active configuration in which the RF field is alternately generated, the roles of initiator and target are strictly assigned by the one who starts the communication.

By default all devices are NFC targets, and only act as NFC initiator device if it is required by the application. In the case of two passive devices communication is not possible.

Unique Features of NFC… Inherently secured short range protocol communication.

Great user-friendly interface

Just Tap It…

And It’s Done…

The passive mode provides the user a unique power saving mode where the communication can be established even if the passive device(target) is switched off, thus providing a much secured communication.

Applications of NFC… Social networking > File Sharing > Electronic business card > Electronic money eCommerce > Mobile payment > PayPal > Ticketing > Boarding pass > Point of Sale Identity Documents > Personal Identification proof > Keycard > Rental car and Hotel Keys

…Life With NFC…

N-mark logo for Certified devices

Conclusion…NFC has revolutionised the whole of short range wireless

communication technology with its security, compatibility, user friendly interface, immense applications etc.

Nokia has already introduced Nokia 600 and Nokia 700, NFC compatible mobile phones in Indian market that will be available in stores at late 2011 or early 2012.

It is quite predictable that in no time in future, we all will be well acquainted with this technology and it will be a prominent part of our lives.

References ISO 18092(ECMA-340): Information technology–

Telecommunications and information exchange between systems - Near Field Communication - Interface and Protocol (NFCIP-1).

ECMA International: Standard ECMA-340, Near Field Communication Interface and Protocol(NFCIP-1).

Implicit to Touching Interaction: RFID and NFC Approaches by José Bravo, Ramón Hervás , Gabriel Chavira.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_field_communication www.nfc-forum.org www.ecma-international.org http://www.near-fieldcommunication.co.uk/

Questions???

Thank You