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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK ------------------------------ X AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES 1JNION, et al. Plaintiffs, -against- JAMES R CLAPPER, et al Defendants. ------------------------------ X WILLIAM H PAULEY II I, District Judge: USDCSDNY DOCUMENT ELECTRONICALLY FILED DOC : .DATE FILED: \ 17--'=~-J'lJ:J 3 13 Civ. 3994 (WHP) MEMORANDUM ORDER The September 11th terrorist attacks revealed, in the starkest terms, just how dangerous an d interconn ected the world is. While Americans depe nded on technology for the conveniences of modernity, al-Qaeda plotted in a seventh-century milieu to use that technology against us It was a bold j ujitsu. And it succeeded because conventional intelligence gathering could not detect diffuse filaments connec ting al-Qaeda. Prior to the Septemb er 11th attacks, the National Security Agency ( NSA ) intercepted seven calls made by hijacker Khalid al-Mihdhar, who was living in San Diego, California, to an al-Qaeda safe house in Yemen. The NSA intercepted those calls using overseas signals intelligence capabilities that could not capture al-Mihdhar's telephone number identifier. Without that identi fier, NSA analyst s concluded mi stak enly that al-Mihdhar was overseas and not in the Unit ed Stat es. Telephony metadata would have furnished the missing infonnation and might have permitted the.NSA to notify the Federal Bureau oflnvestigation ( FBI ) of the fact

New York Federal Judge: NSA "Spying on Americans" Appears to be Constitutional

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