New World BeginningsNew World Beginnings

By Sally Jacobson & Jonaki SinghBy Sally Jacobson & Jonaki SinghMr. Szeto-pd. 3/4Mr. Szeto-pd. 3/4

Planetary PerspectivesPlanetary Perspectives• Recorded history of the world begins Recorded history of the world begins

about 6,000 years agoabout 6,000 years ago• 500 years ago, Europeans discovered 500 years ago, Europeans discovered

North & South America North & South America sovereign sovereign republics emerged, particularly the republics emerged, particularly the USUS

The Shaping of North The Shaping of North AmericaAmerica

• Basic geological Basic geological shape of North shape of North America was formed America was formed about 10 million about 10 million years agoyears ago

• After the Ice Age, the After the Ice Age, the North American North American landscape landscape transformed; lakes transformed; lakes and rivers formed all and rivers formed all over the continentover the continent

The First Discoverers of The First Discoverers of AmericaAmerica

• Europeans arrived in 1492 and Europeans arrived in 1492 and discovered there were already discovered there were already people living therepeople living there

• Main civilizations were the Incas in Main civilizations were the Incas in Peru, the Mayans in Central America, Peru, the Mayans in Central America, and Aztecs in Mexicoand Aztecs in Mexico

The Earliest AmericansThe Earliest Americans• Cultivation of corn Cultivation of corn

was common was common • Lived in small, Lived in small,

scattered, scattered, impermanent impermanent settlementssettlements

• Weren’t Weren’t aggressive, unlike aggressive, unlike EuropeansEuropeans

Indirect Discoverers of the New Indirect Discoverers of the New WorldWorld

• 1000 AD-- Norse seafarers from 1000 AD-- Norse seafarers from Scandinavia set up flimsy Scandinavia set up flimsy settlements which were soon settlements which were soon abandonedabandoned

• Crusaders—after Crusades, Crusaders—after Crusades, Europeans were eager to get to Europeans were eager to get to AsiaAsia

Europeans Enter AfricaEuropeans Enter Africa• Portuguese sailed along Portuguese sailed along

coast of Africa and coast of Africa and introduced Europe to introduced Europe to the sub Saharan worldthe sub Saharan world

•Portuguese set up Portuguese set up trading poststrading posts gold and slaves gold and slaves were acquiredwere acquired

•Slaves were used Slaves were used to maintain to maintain plantation plantation economy, which economy, which was popular in was popular in North AmericaNorth America

Columbus Comes upon a New Columbus Comes upon a New WorldWorld

• Spain’s unity, wealth, Spain’s unity, wealth, power & technology led to power & technology led to the possibility of discoverythe possibility of discovery

• Skilled Italian sailor Skilled Italian sailor Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus looks for a new route to looks for a new route to Asia—and stumbles upon Asia—and stumbles upon the Americasthe Americas

• Stage was set for global Stage was set for global economy: Europe economy: Europe provided markets, capital, provided markets, capital, & technology; Africa & technology; Africa provided labor; New World provided labor; New World provided raw materials.provided raw materials.

When Worlds CollideWhen Worlds Collide• Native Americans introduced new crops Native Americans introduced new crops

like tobacco, maize, beans, tomatoes, and like tobacco, maize, beans, tomatoes, and potatopotato

• Europeans introduced cattle, swine, Europeans introduced cattle, swine, horses, and sugarhorses, and sugar

• Not all trades were positive—Europeans Not all trades were positive—Europeans transmitted diseases like smallpox while transmitted diseases like smallpox while the natives infected the explorers with the natives infected the explorers with syphilissyphilis

The Spanish ConquistadoresThe Spanish Conquistadores• Conquistadores came to the New Conquistadores came to the New

World in the service of God and to World in the service of God and to find gold and glory for Spainfind gold and glory for Spain

– Explorers include Balboa (discovered Pacific Explorers include Balboa (discovered Pacific Ocean), Magellan (first to circumnavigate the Ocean), Magellan (first to circumnavigate the world), Juan Ponce de Leon (discovered Florida), world), Juan Ponce de Leon (discovered Florida), and Francisco Pizarro (crushed the Incas in Peru)and Francisco Pizarro (crushed the Incas in Peru)

• Caribbean Islands served as bases Caribbean Islands served as bases for Spanish invasionsfor Spanish invasions

The Conquest of MexicoThe Conquest of Mexico• 1519- Hernán Cortés set 1519- Hernán Cortés set

sail from Cuba bound for sail from Cuba bound for Mexico. Mexico.

• Reached Mexico, Reached Mexico, marched on marched on Tenochtitlán, was Tenochtitlán, was mistaken for a God and mistaken for a God and welcomed, and soon welcomed, and soon Cortes conquered the Cortes conquered the AztecsAztecs

• Introduced his crops, Introduced his crops, animals, language, animals, language, laws, customs, and laws, customs, and religionreligion

• Few Spanish settlers Few Spanish settlers intermarrying intermarrying between Spanish and between Spanish and the Nativesthe Natives

The Spread of Spanish The Spread of Spanish AmericaAmerica

• Within 50 years of Columbus’ arrival, Within 50 years of Columbus’ arrival, Spanish cities and towns flourishedSpanish cities and towns flourished

• Spanish conquered Pueblos in New MexicoSpanish conquered Pueblos in New Mexico• Established settlements in Texas as a Established settlements in Texas as a

retaliation to the French settling along the retaliation to the French settling along the Miss. RiverMiss. River

• Some settlers killed and enslaved natives, Some settlers killed and enslaved natives, but most blended both Spanish and Native but most blended both Spanish and Native American culture American culture

SourcesSources• http://www.dnr.sc.gov/education/Envirothon/2006Winnipeg/http://www.dnr.sc.gov/education/Envirothon/2006Winnipeg/

images/teepee-s.jpgimages/teepee-s.jpg• http://files.turbosquid.com/Preview/http://files.turbosquid.com/Preview/

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• http://www.maps-charts.com/images/120.03%20Nieuwehttp://www.maps-charts.com/images/120.03%20Nieuwe%20Kaart%20-%20Tirion.jpg %20Kaart%20-%20Tirion.jpg

• http://www.utexas.edu/courses/stross/ant322m_files/http://www.utexas.edu/courses/stross/ant322m_files/mexmap.gif mexmap.gif

• http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/americas/http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/americas/north_america_ref02.jpg north_america_ref02.jpg