New United States Constitution

8/9/2019 New United States Constitution

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Preamble

We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice,

insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and

secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this New

Constitution for the United States of America.

We acknowledge our differences have made us great, but embodied in our federal government so

constituted have also slowed national reaction to timely issues. Partisanship and factitious action

in the name of representation has delayed resolution on issues of national concern and temper.

The interplay of the three branches has left questions of morality dividing cooperation to govern.

The separation of religion from government action has not been achieved.

In opposition to a theocratic state, we again affirm the principals of our founders, and propose a

newly constituted body of action that preserves the individuals rights to freedom of religion. For

those whose religion is theistic, deistic, or commercial, the government so constituted will not

infringe upon, nor will it materially protect such beliefs other than to enforce the individuals

rights to those beliefs and prevent discrimination against the individual for holding those beliefs.

So is proposed a unified nation of factious individuals, who will be participatory in federal

government and the benefits thereof as voting citizens, or not, as residents, as so they desire. The

citizen and resident of the United States of America may hourly choose which faction to endorse

given their behavioral inclination, and participate fully in either or both factions. Certain changes

in the venerable constitution, which has served the nation well for several centuries, are now

adopted.

Article I - The Legislative Branch

Section 1 - The Legislature

All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which

shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.

Section 2 - The House

The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the

People of the several States., and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications

requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature. and eachRepresentative shall have one Vote.

No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years,

and been seven Years a Voting Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be

an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.


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Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be

included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by

adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of

Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons. The actual Enumeration

shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and

within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. biannualcensus coincidental with compulsory voting for citizens acceptance of any benefit bestowed by

the Federal government. Failure to vote shall surrender all Federal rights and benefits for the

subsequent two years. The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty

Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative; and until such enumeration

shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight,

Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four,

Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South

Carolina five and Georgia three. assure one representative for the number of voting citizens in

the state with the least number of voters, and apportion an equivalent representation to all voting

citizens, with simple rounding to determine fractional populations within each state. The states

shall determine the districts for choosing members of the House of Representatives, based upon

these biannual surveys, and adjust accordingly each two years as the number of members

increases or decreases with the population.

When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, the Executive Authority thereof

shall issue Writs of Election to fill such Vacancies.

The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other Officers; and shall have the

sole Power of Impeachment.

Section 3 - The Senate

The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by

the Legislature thereof elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have

one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most

numerous branch of the State legislatures.

When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority

of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of

any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the peoplefill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct.

Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, they shall be

divided as equally as may be into three Classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall

be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the

fourth Year, and of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be


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chosen every second Year; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise, during the

Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary Appointments

until the next Meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such Vacancies.

No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been

nine Years aVoting Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be anInhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.

The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote,

unless they be equally divided.

The Senate shall choose their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the absence of

the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of President of the United States.

The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose,

they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief

Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of

the Members present.

Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from Office, and

disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the United States:

but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment

and Punishment, according to Law.

Section 4 - Elections, Meetings

The Times, and Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shallbe prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law

make or alter such Regulations, except as to the Place of Choosing Senators. on the first Tuesday

in November of alternating years ending in an even number, and shall be electronically recorded

and simultaneously recorded on physical media such as paper for verification. All citizens shall

have access provided to vote through the Office of the Post.

All qualified candidates for office, as determined by 1% petition of their potential constituency

as determined in the third clause of Article I, Section Two, to be determined in National Primary

elections on the first Tuesday in August preceding National elections, shall be given equal media

forum for address and debate with other candidates, financed by appropriate legislation, and can

not accept any other funds to seek office. Violations of these provisions of publicly financedelections shall be punishable offenses against the Government of The United States of America

pursuant to imprisonment, fines, and seizures of business assets.

The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, and such Meeting shall be on the first

Monday in December, unless they shall by Law appoint a different Day.


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Section 5 - Membership, Rules, Journals, Adjournment

Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own Members,

and a Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do Business; but a smaller number may

adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members, in

such Manner, and under such Penalties as each House may provide.

Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly

Behavior, and, with the Concurrence of two-thirds, expel a Member.

Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from time to time publish the same,

excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays of the

Members of either House on any question shall, at the Desire of one fifth of those member

Present, be entered on the Journal.

Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, without the Consent of the other, adjourn

for more than three days, nor to any other Place than that in which the two Houses shall be

sitting.

Section 6 - Compensation

The Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compensation for their Services, to be

ascertained by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. No law, varying the

compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an

election of Representatives shall have intervened.They shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony

and Breach of the Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Session of

their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any Speech orDebate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other Place.

No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for which he was elected, be appointed to

any civil Office under the Authority of the United States which shall have been created, or the

Emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time; and no Person holding any

Office under the United States, shall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in

Office.

Section 7 - Revenue Bills, Legislative Process, Presidential Veto

All bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate maypropose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills.

Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it

become a Law, be presented to the President of the United States; If he approve he shall sign it,

but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to that House in which it shall have originated,

who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such


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Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall be sent, together

with the Objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if

approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of

both Houses shall be determined by Yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and

against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If any Bill shall not

be returned by the President within ten five Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have beenpresented to him or to the vice president in cases of ill health preventing presidential action , the

Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their

Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law.

Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of the Senate and House of

Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be presented to

the President of the United States; and before the Same shall take Effect, shall be approved by

him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of

Representatives, according to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill.

Section 8 - Powers of Congress

The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes of voting citizens, Duties, Imposts and

Excises affecting residents and voting citizens, to pay the Debts and provide for the common

Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be

uniform throughout the United States;

To borrow money on the credit of the United States;

To regulate Commerce of voting citizens with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and

with the Indian Tribes;

To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies

of voting citizens throughout the United States;

To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights

and Measures;

To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United

States;

To establish Post Offices and Post Roads;

To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors

and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries;

To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court;


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To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offenses against the

Law of Nations;

To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on

Land and Water;

To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer

Term than two Years;

To provide and maintain a Navy;

To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces;

To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections

and repel Invasions;

To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of

them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States

respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according

to the discipline prescribed by Congress;

To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten

Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become

the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places

purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the

Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings; And

To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing

Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States,

or in any Department or Officer thereof.

Section 9 - Limits on Congress

The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think

proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight

hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten

dollars for each Person.

The privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of

Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it.

No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed.


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The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes of voting citizens, but not

upon holdings, nor upon inheritance, from whatever source derived, without apportionment

among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration. No capitation, or

other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census or Enumeration herein before

directed to be taken.

No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State.

No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one

State over those of another: nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter,

clear, or pay Duties in another.

No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by

Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money

shall be published from time to time.

No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no Person holding any Office of

Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress, accept of any present,

Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince or foreign State.

Section 10 - Powers prohibited of States

No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and

Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in

Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the

Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility.

No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or

Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it's inspection Laws: and the net

Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use

of the Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and

Control of the Congress.

No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships

of War in time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a

foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will

not admit of delay.

Article II - The Executive Branch

Section 1 - The President

The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall

hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice-President chosen for


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the same Term, be elected, as follows: by direct vote of the people at an election coincidental

with alternating congressional elections.

Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of

Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be

entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trustor Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector.

The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by Ballot for two persons, of whom

one at least shall not lie an Inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a

List of all the Persons voted for, and of the Number of Votes for each; which List they shall sign

and certify, and transmit sealed to the Seat of the Government of the United States, directed to

the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the Presence of the Senate and

House of Representatives, open all the Certificates, and the Votes shall then be counted. The

Person having the greatest Number of Votes shall be the President, if such Number be a Majority

of the whole Number of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such

Majority, and have an equal Number of Votes, then the House of Representatives shall

immediately chuse by Ballot one of them for President; and if no Person have a Majority, then

from the five highest on the List the said House shall in like Manner chuse the President. But in

chusing the President, the Votes shall be taken by States, the Representation from each State

having one Vote; a quorum for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or Members from two-

thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the States shall be necessary to a Choice. In every Case,

after the Choice of the President, the Person having the greatest Number of Votes of the Electors

shall be the Vice President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal Votes, the

Senate shall chuse from them by Ballot the Vice-President.

The Congress may determine the Time of chusing the Electors, and the Day on which they shall

give their Votes; which Day shall be the same throughout the United States.

No person except a natural born Citizen, or a voting Citizen of the United States, at the time of

the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall any

Person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty-five Years, and

been fourteen Years a Resident and voting citizen within the United States.

In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of his Death, Resignation, or Inability to

discharge the Powers and Duties of the said Office, the same shall devolve on the Vice President,

and the Congress may by Law provide for the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability,both of the President and Vice President, declaring what Officer shall then act as President, and

such Officer shall act accordingly, until the Disability be removed, or a President shall be

elected.

The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, a Compensation, which shall

neither be increased nor diminished during the Period for which he shall have been elected, and


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he shall not receive within that Period any other Emolument from the United States, or any of

them.

Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation:

"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of theUnited States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of

the United States."

Section 2 - Civilian Power over Military, Cabinet, Pardon Power, Appointments

The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of

the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States; he may

require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments,

upon any subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to

Grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offenses against the United States, except in Cases of

Impeachment.

He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties,

provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the

Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and

Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose

Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but

the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in

the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments.

The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of theSenate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session or upon two

thirds vote of the Senate when reconvened.

Section 3 - State of the Union, Convening Congress

He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and

recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he

may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of

Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time of Adjournment, he may adjourn them to

such Time as he shall think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers; he

shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed, and shall Commission all the Officers of theUnited States.

Section 4 - Disqualification


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The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from

Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and

Misdemeanors.

Presidential Disability and Succession.

1. In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the

Vice President shall become President.

2. Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, the President shall

nominate a Vice President who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of

both Houses of Congress.

3. Whenever the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the

Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that he is unable to

discharge the powers and duties of his office, and until he transmits to them a written

declaration to the contrary, such powers and duties shall be discharged by the Vice

President as Acting President.

4. Whenever the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the

executive departments or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit to

the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives

their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of

his office, the Vice President shall immediately assume the powers and duties of the

office as Acting President.

Thereafter, when the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate andthe Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that no inability

exists, he shall resume the powers and duties of his office unless the Vice President and a

majority of either the principal officers of the executive department or of such other body

as Congress may by law provide, transmit within four days to the President pro tempore

of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration

that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office. Thereupon

Congress shall decide the issue, assembling within forty eight hours for that purpose if

not in session. If the Congress, within twenty one days after receipt of the latter written

declaration, or, if Congress is not in session, within twenty one days after Congress is

required to assemble, determines by two thirds vote of both Houses that the President is

unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall continueto discharge the same as Acting President; otherwise, the President shall resume the

powers and duties of his office.

Article III - The Judicial Branch Note


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Section 1 - Judicial powers

The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such

inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of

the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behavior, and shall, at

stated Times, receive for their Services a Compensation which shall not be diminished duringtheir Continuance in Office.

Section 2 - Trial by Jury, Original Jurisdiction, Jury Trials

The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution,

the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority;

to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls; to all Cases of admiralty

and maritime Jurisdiction; to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party; to

Controversies between two or more States; between a State and Citizens of another State;

between Citizens of different States; between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under

Grants of different States, and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States,

Citizens or Subjects. The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to

any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens

of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.

In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a

State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases

before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact,

with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make.

The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury; and such Trial shallbe held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed

within any State, the Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have

directed.

Section 3 - Treason Note

Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering

to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless

on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court.

The Congress shall have power to declare the Punishment of Treason, but no Attainder ofTreason shall work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person

attainted.

Article IV - The States

Section 1 - Each State to Honor all others


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Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial

Proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner

in which such Acts, Records and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof.

Section 2 - State citizens, Extradition

The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the

several States.

A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice,

and be found in another State, shall on demand of the executive Authority of the State from

which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime.

No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another,

shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or

Labour, But shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be

due. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the

party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to

their jurisdiction.

2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Section 3 - New States

New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new States shall be formed

or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction oftwo or more States, or parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States

concerned as well as of the Congress.

The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations

respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this

Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the United States, or of any

particular State.

Section 4 - Republican government

The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form ofGovernment, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the

Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic

Violence.

Article V - Amendment


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The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose

Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the

several States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be

valid to all Intents and Purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of

three fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the

other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress; Provided that no Amendmentwhich may be made prior to the Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner

affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article; and that no State,

without its Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate.

Article VI - Debts, Supremacy, Oaths

All No Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of this Constitution,

shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation

except for guarantees of entitlement to veterans of the military and senior citizens.

This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof;

and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be

the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in

the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.

The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State

Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several

States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test

shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States.

Article VII Rights of Voting Citizens and Residents

1 - Freedom of Religion, Press, Expression.

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free

exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people

peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

2 - Right to Bear Arms.

A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to

keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. The legislature may however restrict any

international commerce in arms, and provide punishment for residents or voting citizens in

violation or possession thereof.

3 - Quartering of Soldiers.


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No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner,

nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

4 - Search and Seizure.

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against

unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon

probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be

searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

5 - Trial and Punishment, Compensation for Takings.

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a

presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or

in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be

subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in

any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property,

without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just

compensation.

6 - Right to Speedy Trial, Confrontation of Witnesses, Limitations of Legislative and Executive

Branches in Foreign Affairs

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an

impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which

district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and causeof the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process

for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense.

For prisoners, incarceration during an election will constitute resident status, and therefore

guarantee provisions of the preceding section.

Any combatant captured in military campaigns shall be considered a captured soldier and offered

recourse to citizenship, and therefore shall have all the rights in criminal prosecutions afforded to

residents and voting citizens. It is therefore recognized that Article III, Section One shall in no

way extend the powers of congress to establish extrajudicial bodies, such as military tribunals;Nor can the President construe such offices under the powers afforded in the second clause of

Article II, Section Two.

7 - Trial by Jury in Civil Cases.


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In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of

trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any

Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

8 - Cruel and Unusual Punishment.

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual

punishments inflicted. These rights for the accused shall be fully protected by The Government

of The United States of America when appeal is made in cases under adjudication in the courts

of The States.

9 - Construction of Constitution.

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage

others retained by the people.

10 - Powers of the States and People.

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the

States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

11 Rights of Residents Not As Extensive as Rights of Voting Citizens. Corporations Are Not

Recognized as Individuals.

Determination of status as a voting citizen will require evidence of voting in the most previous

election.

While a resident or voting citizen may conduct commerce with other residents, voting citizens, or

foreign concerns, the Government of The United States of America will not be concerned with,

regulate, nor interfere in such commerce except between voting citizens; Nor will it defend

commercial interests of residents.

No corporation will be recognized as having the rights of either a voting citizen or a resident in

the eyes of the Government of The United States of America.

Alliances for commercial enterprise will be afforded protection extended to voting citizens if all

of the employees and all of the investors in such enterprise are voting citizens. Likewise, these

enterprises will be regulated and taxed as for voting citizens. No multinational enterprise willreceive these protections unless it meets these criteria.

12 Social Welfare for Voting Citizens.

A voting citizen and his or her juvenile dependents shall be guaranteed sustenance, dwelling,

clothing, and necessary medical attention to arrest malady from conception through burial. The


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Government of The United States of America shall levy all necessary taxes upon voting citizens

to support these programs. Non-voting residents shall not be directly taxed.

Residents and their juvenile dependents will not receive social welfare support services for a

period equal to half the time period of not voting since coming of voting age (which shall be

eighteen years) and their return to participatory democracy. (A 45 year old voting for the firsttime would receive no social welfare support until 14 years later of consecutive voting, at the age

of 59. A 45 year old who voted every other election since 18 would need to wait 7 more years of

consecutive voting, and would receive social welfare support beginning at age 52.)

13 Defense for All Voting Citizens and Residents.

By virtue of residency, non-voting peoples of the United States of America shall also enjoy the

benefits of military protection of its Territories.

14 - Citizenship Rights.

1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction

thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside, until of

voting age they may choose to be voting citizen or resident. No State shall make or

enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of voting citizens of the

United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without

due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of

the laws.

2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their

respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons voting citizens in each State,excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of

electors for President and Vice-President of the United States, Representatives in

Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the

Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-

one eighteen years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged,

except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein

shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to

the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.

3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and

Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under anyState, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of

the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial

officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged

in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies

thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.


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4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts

incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or

rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall

assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against

the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such

debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.

5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of

this article.

15 Race, Sex, Religion, Sexual Preference, Handicap, Non-Felony Conviction, No Bar to Vote

1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the

United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of

servitude. sex, religion, sexual preference, handicap, or non felony conviction.

2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

24 - Poll Tax Barred.

1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for

President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or

Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any

State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.

2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Article VIII- Ratification Documents

The Ratification of the Conventions of nine thirty four States, shall be sufficient for the

Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same.

Done in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States present the Seventeenth Day of

September in the Year of our Lord one two thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven and of the

Independence of the United States of America the Twelfth. In Witness whereof We have

hereunto subscribed our Names.