New Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited - World Bank · 2016. 7. 10. · 6.3.5 The Land Act, 1999 56 6.3.6 Village Land Act No. 5 of 1999 58 6.3.7 The Land Regulation, 2001 58

Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited

400 kV Power Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga Resettlement Policy Framework – Revised on July 2010

Prepared by:

Norsk-Data-Strasse 1

61352 Bad Homburg v.d.H., Germany

Tel: +49-6172-9460-108

Fax: +49-6172-9460-20

eMail: [email protected]

Institute of Resource Assessment P.O. Box 35097

Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Tel: +255-22-2410144

Fax: +255-22-2410393

eMail: [email protected]

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400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Declaration

The following individuals prepared this RPF Report:

• Ulrich OTTEN, Socio-economist and Resettlement (RPF Team Leader)

• Dr. Herbert HANKE: Environmental Assessment / ESIA Team Leader

• Dr. Claude Gasper MUNG'ONG'O: Resettlement Action Plan (RPF)

• Ms. Beatrice MCHOME: Public Consultations and Participation (RPF)

• Prof. Palamagamba KABUDI: Environmental Law and Regulations

• Ms. Zubeda KICHAWELE -Social Surveys

• Mr. C. MSONGANZILA-Social Surveys

• Mr. Alexander CHAMBI -Social Surveys

• Mr. Florian SILANGWA -Social Surveys

• Mr. Emmanuel HANAI -Social Surveys

• Ms. Zaina KIJAZI -Social Surveys


Table of Contents Page

0. Executive Summary 1

0.1 Introduction 1 0.2 Project Description 1 0.3 Potential Impacts 1 0.4 Objectives of the Resettlement Action Plan 2 0.5 Socio-Economic Aspects 3 0.6 Legal and Policy Framework 3 0.7 Institutional Framework 4 0.8 Eligibility and Entitlement 4 0.9 Community Participation and Consultation 5 0.10 Grievance Mechanisms 5 0.11 Implementation Arrangements 5 0.12 Monitoring and Evaluation 6

1. Introduction 7

1.1 Project Background 7 1.2 Project Rationale 7 1.3 Disclosure of the Resettlement Action Plan 8 1.4 Structure of the Resettlement Plan 8

2. Project Description 9

2.1 Project Location 9 2.1.1 Iringa -Dodoma Section 9 2.1.2 Dodoma - Singida Section 10 2.1.3 Singida - Shinyanga Section 10

2.2 RAP Concerning Project Activities 17 2.2.1 Mobilization Phase 17 2.2.2 Construction Phase 17 2.2.3 Operation Phase 18 2.2.4 Decommissioning 18

3. Potential Impacts 19

3.1 Project Components Leading to Resettlement 19 3.1.1 Wayleave Corridor 19 3.1.2 Substations 20 3.1.3 Work Camps 20 3.1.4 Access Roads 20

3.2 Type of Expected Impacts 21 3.2.1 Loss of Productive Land and Resources 21 3.2.2 Loss of Settlement Structures and Shelter 23 3.2.3 Loss of Income Sources or Means of Livelihood 23 3.2.4 Loss of Community and Public Structures 23 3.2.5 Loss of Cultural and Archaeological Property 25

4. Objectives of the Resettlement Plan 26

5. Socio-Economic Characteristics 27

5.1 Overview 27



5.2 Iringa Region 27 5.2.1 Iringa Municipality 27 5.2.2 Iringa Rural District 28

5.3 Dodoma Region 29 5.3.1 Mpwapwa District 29 5.3.2 Chamwino District 30 5.3.3 Dodoma Municipality 31 5.3.4 Bahi District 32

5.4 Singida Region 33 5.4.1 Manyoni District 33 5.4.2 Singida Rural District 34 5.4.3 Singida Municipality 35 5.4.4 Iramba District 37

5.5 Tabora Region 37 5.5.1 Igunga District 37

5.6 Shinyanga Region 38 5.6.1 Kishapu District 38 5.6.2 Shinyanga Municipality 39

5.7 Socioeconomic Characteristics of the Affected Population 40 5.7.1 Demographic Characteristics 40 5.7.2 Migration Patterns 40 5.7.3 Educational Levels 41 5.7.4 Water Supply 42 5.7.5 Health Services and Other Support Infrastructure 42 5.7.6 Transport 43 5.7.7 Energy Use 43 5.7.8 Land Tenure and Use 44 5.7.9 Housing Conditions 44 5.7.10 Economy 45 5.7.11 Willingness to Relocate 47

6. Policy, Legal and Institutional Framework 48

6.1 National Policies 48 6.1.1 National Environment Policy (NEP) (1997) 48 6.1.2 National Forest Policy, 1998 48 6.1.3 The Mineral Policy of Tanzania, 1997 49 6.1.4 National Land Policy, 1997 49 6.1.5 Water Policy, 2002 50 6.1.6 National Energy Policy, 2003 51 6.1.7 Wildlife Policy of Tanzania, 2007 51 6.1.8 National Human Settlements Development Policy, 2000 52 6.1.9 The Tanzania Development Vision, 2000 52 6.1.10 The National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty

(NSGRP) 52 6.1.11 The Agriculture and Livestock Policy, 1997 53

6.2 The World Bank Safeguard Policies 53 6.3 Legal Framework 54

6.3.1 Environmental Management Act No. 20 of 2004 -Cap 191 54 6.3.2 The Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations,



2005 54 6.3.3 Forest Act, 2002 55 6.3.4 Wildlife Conservation Act, 1974 56 6.3.5 The Land Act, 1999 56 6.3.6 Village Land Act No. 5 of 1999 58 6.3.7 The Land Regulation, 2001 58 6.3.8 The Land Disputes Courts Act No. 2 of 2002 59 6.3.9 The Local Government Act No. 9 of 1982 59 6.3.10 Land Use and Spatial Planning 60 6.3.11 The Land Acquisition Act of 1967 60

6.4 International Agreements and Conventions 60 6.5 Institutional Framework 61

7. Resettlement and Social Mitigation Measures 62

7.1 Eligibility 62 7.2 Categories of Project Affected People 62 7.3 Resettlement and Compensation Entitlements 63

7.3.1 Determination of Entitlements 63 7.3.2 Compensation for the Loss of Residential and Productive Land 63 7.3.3 Compensation for the Loss of Houses and Other Structures 64 7.3.4 Compensation for the Loss of Standing Crops 64 7.3.5 Removal of Graves and Cultural Properties 65 7.3.6 People Affected by Unforeseen Construction Damages and Losses 65

7.4 Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) 65 7.5 Grievance Mechanisms 65 7.6 Overview of Mitigation Measures 66 7.7 Route Selection 66 7.8 Land Use 67 7.9 Restoration of Livelihoods 67 7.10 Infrastructure and Services 67 7.11 Cultural Sites 68

8. Community Participation and Consultations 69

8.1 Consultative Strategy 69 8.2 The Consultative Process 69

8.2.1 Stakeholder Identification and Methods of Participation 69 8.2.2 Methods of Stakeholder Participation 70 8.2.3 Notification to Stakeholders 70 8.2.4 Household Interviews 70 8.2.5 Village Public Meetings 70 8.2.6 Official Meetings with Village Leaders 71 8.2.7 Meetings with Districts Officials 71 8.2.8 Consultations with Other Relevant Stakeholders 71

8.3 Summary of Stakeholder Issues and Concerns 71

9. Institutions and Implementation Arrangements 75

9.1 Overview of Relevant Institutions 75 9.1.1 TANESCO (The Project Proponent) 75 9.1.2 Ministry of Land and Human Settlement Development 75



9.1.3 Local Governments 76 9.1.4 National Environment Management Council (NEMC) 76

9.2 Site Selection, Preparation and Relocation 76 9.2.1 Site Selection 76 9.2.2 Financial and Economic Analysis 76 9.2.3 Land Acquisition 77 9.2.4 Movement 77 9.2.5 Integration with Host Populations 77 9.2.6 Housing, infrastructure, and Social Services 77

9.3 Institutional Arrangements 77 9.4 Activities and Responsibilities 78

9.4.1 Transmission Line Definition 78 9.4.2 Compensation Process Preparation Phase 78 9.4.3 Resettlement Process Preparation Phase 78

10. Monitoring and Evaluation 79

10.1 Overview 79 10.2 General Objectives and Evaluation Monitoring 79 10.3 Evaluation Objectives 79

10.3.1 Internal Monitoring and Evaluation 79 10.3.2 External Monitoring and Evaluation 80

10.4 Monitoring Objectives 80 10.5 Conclusion 80

11. Indicative Resettlement Cost 82

12. References 83

List of Tables

Table 2-1: Regions, Districts and Villages along the Line

Table 3-1: Land Loss for Settlements and Agriculture

Table 3-2: Affected Infrastructures

Table 5-1: Educational Status of the Heads of Households in the Line Corridor

Table 5-2: Average Annual Household Income by District

Table 11-1: Indicative Cost Estimation for RAP ("resettlement budget")


List of Figures

Figure 2-1: Proposed Power Transmission Line Route - Iringa - Shinyanga

Figure 2-2: Proposed Route Map for Iringa - Dodoma Section

Figure 2-3: Route Map for Dodoma - Singida Section

Figure 2-4: Route Map for Singida - Shinyanga Section

Figure 2-5: Overview of the Line Corridor Sections with Wayleave Alternatives

Figure 3-1: Size of the Way-Leave

Figure 5-1: Mungumaji Dispensary, one of the Health Facilities in Singida (no longer affected after rerouting)

Figure 5-2: Percentage of Population per District Cluster Born Outside of Villages

Figure 5-3: Tumuli Secondary School in Iramba District (within the wayleave)

Figure 5-4: Common Types of Houses Found Along the Proposed Line Kizonzo Village

Figure 5-5: Average Annual Income of Households with Income Statements

List of Annexes

Annex 1 Stakeholder Consultation

Annex 1.1: People Consulted

Annex 1.2: Summary of Stakeholder's Views and Concerns

Annex 2: Land Use and Agro-Physical Characteristics along the Transmission Line Corridor

Annex 3: Socio-Economic Characteristics of Affected Population and Infrastructure

Annex 3-1: Number of Affected Buildings Before/After Transmission Line Re-routing

Annex 3.2: Number of Affected Buildings Before / After Transmission Line Re-routing

per District and Transmission Line Section

Annex 3.3: Average Land Size Cultivated per Household along the Proposed Line

Annex 3.4: Total Village Population located in the Project Area

Annex 3.5: Social and Cultural Infrastructures in the concerned Villages

Annex 3.6: Energy and Water Sources Available in the Villages along the Transmission

Line

Annex 3.7: District Average Annual Income per Household

Annex 3.8: Education Level of Household Members

Annex 3.9: Type of Houses based on Wall Material per District (% of Houses)

Annex 3.10: Type of Houses based on roofing materials per District (% of Houses)

Annex 3.11: Type of Houses based on Floor Material per District (% of Houses)

Annex 3.12: Type of Toilet Facilities per District (% of Facilities)

Annex 3.13: Main Energy Source Used per District (% of Households)

Annex 3.14: Main source of cooking fuel per Project Area (% of Households)

Annex 3.15: Utilisation of Drinking Water Sources per Project Area (% of Households)

Annex 4: Comparison of Tanzania Law and World Bank Op 4.12 Regarding Compensation

Annex 5: Routing Alternatives

Annex 6: Coordinates of Routing Alternatives


List of Abbreviations/Acronyms

ARI Acute Respiratory Infection

AT Angle Tower

CBD The Convention on Biological Diversity

CITES The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and

Flora

CMS Conservation of Migratory Species

DECON Deutsche Energie-Consult Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH

DED District Executive Director

DMO District Medical Officer

DNRO District National Resources Officer

DOE Director of Environment

DPLO District Planning Officer

EA Environmental Assessment

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EIS Environmental Impact Statement

EMA Environmental Management Act

ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment

ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan

FR Forest Reserve

GDP Gross Domestic Product

IFC International Finance Cooperation

IRA Institute of Resource Assessment

kV Kilo Volt

LHS Left Hand Side

MAFSC Ministry of Agriculture, Food Security and Cooperatives

MDG Millennium Development Goal

MKUKUTA Mkakati wa Kukuza Uchumi na Kuondoa Umasikini Tanzania

MLHS Ministry of Land and Human Settlement

MNRT Ministry of Natural Resource and Tourism

NEMC National Environment Management Council

NEP National Environment Policy

NFP National Forest Policy

NGO Non-Governmental Organization

NHSDP National Human Settlements Development Policy

NSGRP National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty

OD Operational Directives

OP Operational Policies

OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Authority

PMU Project Management Unit

RAP Resettlement Action Plan

RHS Right Hand Side

RoW Right of Way

RPF Resettlement Policy Framework

T Tower


TANESCO Tanzania Electric Supply Company

TANROADS Tanzania National Road Development Agency

TRC Technical Review Committee

TTCL Tanzania Telecommunication Company Limited

URT United Republic of Tanzania

VPO Vice President's Office

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0. Executive Summary

0.1 Introduction

TANESCO is preparing a project to reinforce its existing 220kV transmission line from Iringa to Shin-

yanga via Dodoma, Singida and Tabora Regions. The proposed project will include the construction of

670 km of 400 kV electrical power transmission line.

The objective of the project is to improve the power supply in the north-western part of the country.

The project also intends to reduce the duration and frequency of power interruptions to the northern

regions, improve voltage conditions at consumer's premises, reduce power system losses in the

northern regions, increase customers, and improve the power line capabilities for smooth power trans-

fer to the Lake Zone and beyond. The most critical point in respect of socio-economic issues in this

context is the compensation of third party properties and interests along the wayleave.

This Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) for the 400 kV Transmission Line has the objective of en-

suring that the project affected people (PAP) are compensated according to the existing Laws and

Regulations of the United Republic of Tanzania governing compensation for any loss of productive

land, structures or other properties and World Bank OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement, as a result of

land acquisition for the transmission line wayleave corridor.

0.2 Project Description

The project aims at the acquisition of a wayleave corridor land for the construction of a 400 kV trans-

mission line in three sections Iringa - Dodoma, Dodoma - Singida and Singida - Shinyanga.

Most sections of the proposed project are expected to run parallel to the existing 220 kV line, with only

minor variations in areas where alternative alignments have been developed due to topographical

conditions.

0.3 Potential Impacts

The following are the main types of expected impacts leading to economic losses and/or physical dis-

placements and resettlement.

Loss of residential and productive land and resources

Since no buildings will be permitted within the wayleave, about 150 ha of potential settlement area will

be lost. A few areas will be sandwiched between linear infrastructures thus reducing the value for the

construction of residential houses.

The proposed power transmission line will also result in loss of land for agriculture and grazing from

clearings to allow for the construction of the towers, the lines and the access roads which may remain

operative for a number of months.

No major threats will be posed to livelihoods, as most people in the project area will be able to con-

tinue their farming and livestock keeping activities within their villages. Land is not scarce in many vil-

lages along the RoW, except in settlements that are within urban areas or adjacent to urban areas.

Some people from villages in Dodoma and Singida municipalities might be forced to relocate outside

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the villages but within the same districts.

Loss of structures and shelter

After mitigation measures of rerouting a total of about 840 houses will still be affected by the construc-

tion of the power transmission line and its wayleave. The type of houses to be affected in the rural ar-

eas is mostly traditional houses made of mud and thatch. In the urban areas some houses are built of

corrugated iron sheets, cement blocks or burnt bricks. A significant impact on settlement structures is

expected in areas with a higher concentration of houses close to the existing line or substations.

Loss of income sources or means of livelihood

For the major part of the transmission line corridor, the land is used for scattered cultivation. Some of

this land will be taken permanently for the transmission line towers after effecting compensation pay-

ments. The rest of the land, in particular the one under the overhead lines, may still be used at farm-

ers' risk for cultivation after completion of the construction works. Some of the standing crops may be

affected during construction.

Loss of access to community and public structures

Some public infrastructures such as schools, churches, mosques, and water supply structures, exist-

ing or planned, will be affected by the proposed development, as they are partially allocated within the

wayleave. At the villages with work camps, there will be some pressure on existing services already in

poor condition and inadequate.

This may create some degree of social stress in terms of resources use conflicts and in thefts and

burglaries. This potential social stress may be mitigated to some extent by the fact that most of the

communities in the project area are already familiar with potential social problems due to the previous

experiences from the construction of the existing 220 kV line and the road between Dodoma and

Singida.

Loss of cultural and archaeological property

More than 200 graves have been found inside the wayleave of the existing line (some even estab-

lished after construction) as well as of the proposed new power transmission line. A very limited num-

ber of these graves may have to be relocated if there is a risk that they will be disturbed by construc-

tion activities.

The Antiquities Department highlighted the importance of conserving any such sites and archaeologi-

cal features that will be found within the wayleave. Such cultural heritage sites should be avoided

completely, if possible, but up to date none have been found in the wayleave.

0.4 Objectives of the Resettlement Action Plan

The objective of the RPF is to ensure that the project affected people (PAP) are compensated accord-

ing to the existing Laws and Regulations of the United Republic of Tanzania and World Bank OP 4.12

Involuntary Resettlement governing compensation for any loss of productive land, structures or other

properties, as a result of land acquisition for the transmission line wayleave corridor. Furthermore, this

Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) also proposes mitigation measures to ameliorate any negative

impacts. Efforts are made in the detailed planning of the line route to avoid densely populated areas

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and structures as far as technically feasible and with due consideration for safety measures. Consulta-

tions with PAP and local authorities have taken place along the corridor as part of the ESIA/RPF stud-

ies in order to avoid unnecessary relocation and impacts.

However, because of the pending detailed design of the transmission line route and detailed land sur-

veying, including the demarcation of transmission line corridors, the present draft report can not in-

clude a detailed census, inventory and valuation of assets of the PAP. Once those aspects have been

included, the final RAP can be completed.

0.5 Socio-Economic Aspects

Villagers who will be affected by the project have available most of the basic social services, as de-

scribed in each district socio-economic profile. The services include schools, water, health and com-

munications (roads and telephone). However, most of these services are either of poor quality or not

sufficient. Even in newly established districts of Kishapu, Bahi and Chamwino, some of the major so-

cial services are unavailable.

This is also the case in newly established villages such as Mitoo-Juu in Manyoni District and Isalanda

in Singida Rural where basic social services such as health and primary schools are still unavailable.

Annex 3.5 provides information on available social service infrastructures in all villages along the new

line.

It has been noted that the proposed Project might affect some of the existing social and cultural infra-

structures. The ESIA, which this RPF complements, has proposed some alternatives that will minimize

impacts of the Project to the social infrastructure and services.

Most of the local communities along line are small-scale farmers, making agriculture and livestock

keeping their main economic activities. Other PAPs, especially those in urban areas, are employed or

selfemployed in commercial and service activities. People around Mtera Dam are involved in fishing.

Most farmers practice subsistence farming with very low annual output. There is very little use of agri-

cultural fertilizers and mechanization. Seasonal crops grown include sunflowers and cotton -grown for

cash -while food crops include maize, groundnuts and millet. Few villagers in Chamwino and

Mpwapwa districts of Dodoma Region cultivate grapes as a cash crop.

The proposed Project is likely to impact land used by local communities for agricultural activities. In vil-

lages, such as Kisima in Mpwapwa District, part of the most fertile pieces of land will be affected by

the Project.

0.6 Legal and Policy Framework

Constructing the facilities for the proposed development project will support several national policies

and laws that promote economic development, community participation, mining development, energy

development, transportation and improvement of social services. The implementation of the project

complies with a number of national policies, laws, regulations, guidelines and standards. Several of

the laws and policies that the proposed development comply with include:

• The National Energy Policy of Tanzania (2003)

• The Environment Management Policy (1997) and Act (2004);

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• The National Land Policy (1997) and the Land Act (1999);

• The Village Land Act (1999);

• The Land Acquisition Act (1967);

• The Land Regulations (2001), and

• The World Bank Safeguard Policies OP 4.12 and OP 4.01

0.7 Institutional Framework

The Environmental Management Act (2004) provides an institutional set-up for environmental man-

agement with details of responsibilities at national, village and mtaa level, which is the lowest adminis-

trative level. The institutional set-up involves the following main centres:

• National Environment Advisory Committee;

• Minister Responsible for Environment;

• Director of Environment (DoE) in the Vice President's Office;

• National Environmental Management Council (NEMC);

• Sector Ministries;

• Regional Secretariats; and

• Local Government Authorities the District, Town Council and Village levels.

0.8 Eligibility and Entitlement

According to Tanzanian legislation, all owners of properties located within the proposed wayleave at

the time of inspection and valuation will be eligible for compensation. Notices to claim compensation

will be served to all owners of affected properties along the wayleave using Land Form No.69. A "cut-

off" date for eligibility for compensation and resettlement measures will be determined by the date on

which these notifications are served. The owners or occupiers of the properties are expected to com-

plete and submit Land Form No.70 and to agree upon a date for official valuation of their properties.

There are four categories of relocated people that have been identified, including owners of plots with

houses and other buildings in the wayleave; owners of plots with non-residential buildings in the

wayleave; owners of plots without buildings in the wayleave; and institutions with land and/or buildings

in the wayleave.

Three additional categories of relocated people can further be identified. These are people or families

suffering inadvertent and temporary damage to their land and property during construction due to un-

foreseen actions or simply by accidents such as damage to nearby crops, fruit trees or infrastructures.

These can also be relatives with an interest in graves adversely affected by the Project and that may

need to be exhumed and reburied at alternative locations. In these cases, rituals and ceremonies will

often need to be conducted and proper compensation for them should be considered as provided for

by the law.

The last category is the case of vulnerable people, such as widows, single mothers, child-headed

households, handicapped people, HIV/AIDS victims, and the elderly who when relocated often require

special assistance to cope with the relocations. This category of relocated people is identified in the

WB OP 4.12; hence require special or supplementary measures to be taken to attend to their particu-

lar needs.

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0.9 Community Participation and Consultation

The overall goal of the consultation process should be to disseminate project information and to incor-

porate affected people's views in a RAP. The specific aims of the consultations are to improve project

design and lead to fewer conflicts and delays in implementation; facilitate development of appropriate

and acceptable entitlement options; increase long term project sustainability and ownership, and re-

duce problems of institutional coordination. They also aim to make the resettlement process transpar-

ent; increase the effectiveness of sustainability of income restoration strategies, and improve coping

mechanisms

0.10 Grievance Mechanisms

TANESCO as a client has to be involved in all claims and disputes as the client is the one who will be

receiving and handling them. However, being an interested party to the contracts the client should not

be involved in the final ruling on disputes arising from compensation and resettlement arrangements.

There is need to identify and describe at the onset the process, procedures and mechanisms for set-

tling such disputes and grievances to be applied.

Affected individuals and households should be informed about the existence of a defined process for

expressing dissatisfaction and to seek redress. General information regarding the existence of such

procedure should be made public during the early stages of the community consultations. A more de-

tailed description of the established process should be presented to PAP at the time the resettlement

plans are approved and individual compensation contracts are signed.

The selected procedure should be simple, administered as far as possible at the local level, to facili-

tate access, flexibility and openness to various proofs, taking into account that most of the PAP are

poor and illiterate. Grievances and disputes related to resettlement and/or compensation may arise for

different reasons. Grievances may arise from mistakes related to the identification of the affected

property and people within the wayleave, disagreements related to the ownership of property, dis-

agreements on land and asset valuation, disagreements on other compensation allowances, and

problems related to the time and manner of payment of compensations.

Disputes related to land ownership will need to be brought before the appropriate level of land courts

as established by law, including those established at the village level. The Land Act only provides for

grievances related to land acquisition and compensation issues related to the creation of a wayleave

to be brought to the High Court of Tanzania. This is usually too expensive and impractical for most of

the residents and businesses within the project area.

Claims and complaints regarding compensation and resettlement issues should be brought to the at-

tention of the village leadership. They will then forward grievances concerning the non-fulfilment of en-

titlement contracts, levels of compensation or seizure of land and assets without compensation to the

corresponding Ward Executive Officer or eventually directly to the District Executive Director.

0.11 Implementation Arrangements

Since there is no single agency in Tanzania that has mandate to plan and provide resettlement and

compensation help in cases where people are involuntarily relocated for development projects, it is

agreed that the project proponent TANESCO assumes the responsibility for delivery of entitlements

even though a number of other actors may be involved. In this case, the most relevant institutions re-

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lated to resettlement planning and implementation will be TANESCO, the Ministry of Land and Human

Settlement Development, District Councils/Municipalities, Village Councils and the National Environ-

ment Management Council (NEMC).

0.12 Monitoring and Evaluation

Insofar as the fulfilment of the requirements of the WB in that relocated people are adequately handled

and are left in a position of better social and economic condition than they were prior to project imple-

mentation is concerned, monitoring and evaluation should be undertaken. Both internal and external

monitoring and evaluation should be carried out during compensation and implementation of the RAP.

Monitoring and evaluation is also recommended some time after resettlement has been concluded in

order to assess the medium and long-term effects of the resettlement exercise.

Internal monitoring will we done regularly by the project sponsor‘s PMU while external monitoring and

evaluation will be done in intervals by a third party, i.e. a regulatory agency, its consultants or by an

independent NGO.

Specific monitoring items, for both internal and external monitoring, frequencies of monitoring and re-

porting systems will be clearly indicated in the monitoring plans that will be established by the project

sponsor’s PMU and by the regulatory agency, respectively.

The evaluation and monitoring of resettlement in linear projects present practical and logistical chal-

lenges, since the resettled population is widely dispersed along the transmission line. In our case, it

will constitute a real challenge to implement monitoring of resettlement along 670 km, in 5 administra-

tive regions, 13 districts and 93 villages.

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1. Introduction

1.1 Project Background

Tanzania is endowed with diverse energy sources including biomass, natural gas, hydropower, coal,

geothermal, solar and wind power, much of which is untapped. Wood-fuel accounts for up to 92% of

total energy supply with about 2% from hydro-electricity and 7% from oil-derived products. Electricity

generation, transmission and distribution in Tanzania are the business of Tanzania Electric Supply

Company Limited (TANESCO). The Company is 100% government owned and is responsible for more

than 90% of the country's electricity supply.

Two thirds or 581 MW of Tanzania's installed capacity are from hydropower sources. Tanzania has a

hydropower potential of about 3,800 MW (estimated) and a per capita electricity consumption of 46

kWh per annum, growing at a rate of 11-13%. Hence the government is encouraging investments to

expand generating capacity, distribution systems and developing indigenous sources of energy. The

national electricity coverage is about 10% of the total population (MEM, 2006)

The energy crisis in 2006 has highlighted the importance of reliable energy supply for economic

growth and poverty alleviation. It once again revealed the underlying vulnerability of hydro-dominated

generation systems to droughts and the resulting importance of adequate diversified generation plan-

ning and timely investments in the transmission and distribution sub sectors to reduce technical

losses. As the sector is moving from a short-term crisis management to medium-and long-term plan-

ning, several issues and strategic goals have been identified. These include:

• ensuring appropriate long-term generation capacity

• ensuring quality of supply;

• ensuring long-term financial sustainability of TANESCO;

• continuing sector reform process;

• improving Management of TANESCO;

• expanding access to other areas and

• increasing the use of renewable energy.

In the course of implementing these issues and strategic goals, TANESCO has established a project

to reinforce the existing power transmission line from Iringa to Shinyanga, through Dodoma, Singida

and Tabora Regions.

1.2 Project Rationale

The vast majority of people in the Tanzania do not have access to electricity, and the rural population

is nearly completely excluded from this source of modern energy. It is estimated that only three quar-

ters of the country, mainly in urban areas is connected to the national grid. It is intended that the rest

of the country, including an estimated 8,200 villages should be supplied with electricity. In addition

there are plans to supply power to Kenya and Malawi from Tanzania.

Due to this situation TANESCO in planning a project to reinforce its existing 220kV transmission line

from Iringa to Shinyanga through Dodoma, Singida and Tabora Regions. The proposed project will in-

volve construction of approximately 670 km of 400 kV electrical power transmission line from Iringa to

Shinyanga via Dodoma and Singida.

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The main objective of this project is to improve power supply in the north-western part of the country.

However, the project also intends to reduce the duration and frequency of power interruptions to

Northern Regions i.e. Singida, Shinyanga, Mwanza and Mara, improve voltage conditions at con-

sumer's premises, reduce power system losses - technical losses to meet the current and growing

power demand in northern regions, increase customers and hence revenue to TANESCO, improve the

power line capabilities for smooth power transfer to the Lake Zone, to mining areas and other loads

centres and extent power exports to neighbouring countries, capturing possible opportunities for

cross-boarder power trading within East Africa.

Among other things, the project requires the acquisition of about 51 km² wayleave/corridor land for

construction of the transmission line. The most critical point in this context is the compensation of third

parties interests (i.e. people and institutions living or owning properties along the planned corridors). It

is against this background and the demands of national and World Bank safeguard policies defined in

their Operational Policies documents that TANESCO has commissioned DECON to inspect all third

parties' interests relating to compensation for land use within the proposed corridor.

1.3 Disclosure of the Resettlement Action Plan

The standard procedure is that a complete RAP should be made available to the public for a minimum

of six weeks in the relevant district council and/or ward offices. Local newspapers and radios may be

used to inform the public about the availability of this document in the cited places. During this period,

members of the public will be given the opportunity to respond to the RAP, in writing or verbally, to the

relevant District Executive Directors or Ward Executive Officers who will forward them to TANESCO.

In concordance with World Bank’s Disclosure Policy, a RAP has to be disclosed prior to appraisal,

both in Tanzania and through the WB Infoshop. TANESCO will be responsible for disclosing the RAP

in Tanzania, and should authorize the WB in writing to disclose the document in the WB Infoshop.

1.4 Structure of the Resettlement Plan

This document is organized in 10 chapters. The introductory chapter is followed by Chapter 2 that pro-

vides the project description, Chapter 3 that describes the potential impacts, and Chapter 4 which out-

lines the objectives of the Resettlement Plan. Chapter 5 then discusses the socio-economic character-

istics, followed by Chapter 6 that describes the legal and policy framework, and Chapter 7 that pro-

vides the Resettlement and Social Mitigation Plan. These are then followed by Chapters 8, 9 and 10

that describe community participation and consultation, outline the institutions and implementation ar-

rangements, and provide the evaluation and monitoring plan, respectively.

- 9 -


2. Project Description

Notice: Specific mitigations measures resulting from alternative line routing are taken into

consideration in this RPF document, but no other mitigation measures described in the ESIA

Report.

2.1 Project Location

The proposed line will be built from Iringa to Shinyanga via Dodoma and Singida. Most line stretches

will run parallel to the existing 220 kV line, with only minor variations in areas where alternative align-

ments have been proposed due to the topographical situation. The planned line a length of approxi-

mately 670 km will interconnect four substations (S/S) at the towns mentioned above. The line route is

located in the central highlands of Tanzania between 33° and 36°30' east and 4° to 8° south of equa-

tor (see Figure 2-1). The line is partitioned in three section between the 4 towns mentioned above.

The project will traverse the following districts, wards and villages as indicated in the table below:

Table 2-1: Regions, Districts and Villages along the Line

Regions Districts Villages

Iringa Iringa Municipal Igumbilo

Iringa Rural Kigonzile, Nduli, Igingilanyi, Ndolela, Mkungugu, Kisinga, Isimani

Tarafani, Kihorogota, Nyang'oro, Izazi, Mtera, Migori, Makatapora

Dodoma Mpwapwa Mtera-Staff, Kisima, Chipogoro, Kisima, Seluka

Dodoma Urban Nkulabi, Mpunguzi, Mantumbulu, Mkonze, Michese, Nala, Chi-

gongwe

Chamwino Fufu, Manzase, Mlowa Barabarani

Bahi Ibihwa, Mpamantwa, Bahi, Uhelela

Singida Manyoni Lusilile, Maweni, Chikuyu, Chibumagwa, Solya, Muhalala,

Manyoni Mjini, Mitoo juu, Mkwese

Singida Rural Choda, Issuna A, Isuna B, Nkuhi, Ulyampiti, Muungano, Ikungi,

Ighuka, Kipunguiko, Nkunikana, Puma, Isalanda, Utaho, Kisaki,

Manga, Mnung'una, Msisi, Ntondo, Nkwae.

Singida Urban Kipungua, Misuna, Mungumaji, Unyambwa Mkimbii, Mtipa

Iramba Iguguno, Tumuli, Maluga, Kyengege, Mugundu, Kitukutu, Ulemo,

Misigiri, Kibigiri, Nselembwe, Kizonzo, Mseko

Tabora Igunga Mgongoro, Makomero, Mbutu, Bukama Imalanguzu, Mwamakona,

Igurubi

Shinyanga Kishapu Kalitu, Kiloleni, Ngunga, Mwajiginya, Mwaweja, Negezi,

Shinyanga Urban Ibadakuli, Mwamagunguli

5 13 93

2.1.1 Iringa -Dodoma Section

From the Iringa Substation the line will run on the left hand side of the existing 220 kV line over a

mountain ridge with partly steep slopes and difficult access. As the initial alignment would sandwich

Igumbilo village, a line routing alternative was explored. On the way to Mtera the line crosses the

- 10 -


Nyang'oro Hills and Forest Reserve. The Hydropower Plant at Mtera will not be passed in order to

avoid the demolition of about 160 houses at Makatapora and Mtera villages; rather the line will cross

Mtera reservoir with a long span of about 1,000 m, saving additionally about 13 km line length. The

terrain from Mtera up to Dodoma presents typical rolling hills.

Details on the routing alternatives are presented in the ESIA Report.

2.1.2 Dodoma - Singida Section

From the Dodoma Substation the line passes along the right hand side of the existing 220 kV line a

mostly flat to slightly hilly terrain. Soils seem to be of similar characteristics over the entire line section,

i.e. of dense clay sand. At T 230 near Kilimatinde the line traverses a fault-scarp of over 100 m vertical

shift, forming a very steep slope with large rock outcrops. Between Manyoni and Singida Choda For-

est Reserve will be passed.

In order to avoid the demolition of about 150 houses as well as some public infrastructures, and a le-

gal conflict concerning the Masterplan for the new District Capital Bahi, line routing alternatives have

been developed for Nala, Bahi and Puma, thus lengthening the line by about 3.2 km.

More details on these line routing alternatives are presented in the ESIA report.

2.1.3 Singida - Shinyanga Section

The existing 220 kV line from T1 to T24 is completely built in and the new line running parallel to the

existing line may need the removal of more than 100 houses, partially multi-storage modern buildings

for business and administration purposes. The alternative line routing bypasses Singida town and

Lake Singida north-western, and joins again the 220 kV line at T42. Another bottleneck has been

found between T132 and T191, where the corridor between the road and the existing 220 kV line is

occupied by various buildings and scattered settlements. Between T191 and T210 the new line would

be situated in steep slopes of up to 50° transversal. In order to minimize these effects it was decided

to route the new line from T132 to T210 at around 1 km in parallel to the existing 220 kV line at the

northern side of the road leaving the existing settlements undisturbed and getting favourable terrain

condition in the latter part. From tower T260 to T265 B the line will pass through the seasonal Wem-

bere swamp at Mseko and Mgongoro villages. The line traverses further a system of seasonal rivers

(tributaries to Wembere River, and then continues towards Shinyanga occasional outcropping rocks

embedded in sandy soils.

In course of the field surveys in summer and autumn 2008, these proposals for routing alternatives

have been changed in order to avoid respectively further reduce unnecessary conflicts, by saving an-

other 140 houses and three larger public infrastructures (dispensary, primary and secondary school).

More details on these line routing alternatives are presented in the ESIA report.

- 11 -

400 kV OHL Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Figure 2-1: Proposed Power Transmission Line Route - Iringa - Shinyanga

- 12 -


Figure 2-2: Proposed Route Map for Iringa - Dodoma Section

- 13 -


Figure 2-3: Route Map for Dodoma - Singida Section

- 14 -


Figure 2-4: Route Map for Singida - Shinyanga Section

- 15 -


Figure 2-5: Overview of the Line Corridor Sections with Wayleave Alternatives

2

1

- 16 -


- 17 -


2.2 RAP Concerning Project Activities

The project activities will constitute a range of operations that are aimed at ensuring that the 400 kV

power transmission line from Iringa to Shinyanga via Dodoma and Singida is completed in time and is

operational as required. The main activities are described below with additional information provided in

subsequent sections and chapters.

2.2.1 Mobilization Phase

This initial stage in the project implementation will commence as soon as all necessary permits and

processes have been accomplished. For example, mobilization shall start after the way leave has

been identified, project affected persons, and institutions have been compensated and/or relocated

according to the national and international laws and guidelines. Mobilization entails establishing work

camp and offices on the site, assembling equipment; construction work force as well as materials for

the initial start to secure the way leave. Securing the wayleave may not take place simultaneously

throughout the whole wayleave, but it may be undertaken in successions when the contractor is mov-

ing from one point to the other (see also Chapter 3.1.3).

Some temporary work camps will be established to provide shelter and storage facilities for construc-

tion material, fuel and lubricants, workshops, logistics and offices and accommodation for the staff for

several months during the construction period. The next work camp will be established some weeks

prior to finishing the main construction work at the first line stretch and this process will continue

through out the whole construction phase. Constructing the work camp in succession will minimize the

cumulative effect associated with constriction of the work along the way leave and providing an oppor-

tunity to the contractor to rehabilitate the campsite when the next camp is complete and ready for use.

For the proposed 400 kV power line, about 6-7 work camps shall be built. Each camp may accommo-

date up to 200 workers during construction. Hence, its size will be relatively large.

Issues of concern and impacts that may arise during this phase include noise, vibration, and dust

emissions arising from the movement of heavy machines and equipment to the site and for construc-

tion of the work camp, and waste produced by temporally work force that is establishing work places

for the constructions teams.

All these impacts will require adequate compensation measures.

2.2.2 Construction Phase

The Construction phase includes erecting the towers and securing the site and construction of facili-

ties for the substations and transformers as needed.

Machines and manual labour will be involved in the construction phase. Some areas will require

preparation of the access roads to bring equipment, workforce and materials to the designated sites.

All of these will need a substantial amount of land. Given the terrain in some of those areas, this un-

dertaking could be time consuming and challenging. However, on average, about 2 years are needed

to construct a stretch of about 200 km. Appropriate measures for mitigation and compensation of the

affected neighbouring population have to be considered by the project developer and main contractor

according to the ESMP.

- 18 -


Some labour forces will be recruited from local communities -especially for the simple and manual op-

erations that could easily be accomplished using local skills. However, the main contractor will be re-

sponsible for the recruitment of the work force since he will be aware of the work schedule, quality of

the work that is needed, the budget for the workforce and safety issues. It is estimated that about 20%

of the 250 employees (or 50 workers) will come from the local communities in the areas construction is

taking place. Based on this estimation, only few people along the way leave will be employed for a 2

years period. However, a higher rate of employment of local work force can be achieved by softer land

clearing measures without machines.

2.2.3 Operation Phase

During operation, the power line will function as required, with TANESCO closely monitoring the power

transmission process and taking corrective actions in case of accidents and emergencies.

2.2.4 Decommissioning

The construction of the 400 kV power line from Iringa to Shinyanga is expected to provide long-term

benefits and services to the nation. Therefore, no general decommissioning phase of the power line or

the substations is expected, with exception of the work camps. The decommissioning of these camps

will involve demolition of structures and rehabilitating the land on which the camps were established to

its original condition. Nevertheless, the destruction of these structures may be avoided if TANESCO

will use them for other purposes or would donate the structures to the village governments to be used

in some social functions (e.g. village offices, schools, health facilities, etc). This opportunity, however,

is subject to the location of the work camps and the materials used to construct them.

- 19 -


3. Potential Impacts

Notice: All locations and figures mentioned in this Chapter are referring to remaining impacts

after all proposed routing alternative and mitigation measures have been accepted.

Those which remain are relevant for the Resettlement Action Plan, others are not..

3.1 Project Components Leading to Resettlement

The detailed layout and organization of facilities for the construction of the transmission line will be the

responsibility of the chosen contractor within the contract framework. The technical and timing details

are not known at this early planning stage. What can be said about these issues is based on assump-

tions and normal practice from similar projects.

3.1.1 Wayleave Corridor

The wayleave corridor for transmission lines includes land set aside for the transmission line and as-

sociated facilities, land needed to facilitate maintenance, and to avoid risks of fires and other acci-

dents. It provides a safety margin between the high-voltage lines and surrounding structures. The pro-

posed transmission line to be erected will utilize part of the existing 60 m wayleave of the 220 kV

transmission line from Iringa to Shinyanga. When running parallel to the existing line, use of common

right of way will reduce the overall RoW corridor width of the two lines.

In defining the parallel distance due, consideration must be given on tower geometry, conductor

swing-out, span length, induction interference and tower falling range. Since many of these parame-

ters are not yet known for the planned line, an initial axis distance of 55 m to the existing line has been

used to make assessments. This corridor covers an area of about 5,100 ha. An overview of the typical

width of the transmission line’s way leave is shown in Figure 3-1.

Figure 3-1: Size of the Way-Leave

220 kV

400 kV

220+400 kV

45 m

130 m

30 m

60 m

90 m

55 m

- 20 -


3.1.2 Substations

For the installation of the new 400 kV line the existing area reserved for the extension of existing sub-

stations will be used. No additional land with building structures etc. will have to be allocated to the

project. Thus the measures related to the upgrading or construction of new substations will have little

additional impact on the local PAP, except for the extension of S/S Shinyanga, where about 12 houses

located at Ibadakuli (ESIA, Chap. 2.2.5) will be affected.

3.1.3 Work Camps

During the construction phase, some work camps will be needed as storage area for construction ma-

terial (such as steel profiles, isolators, conductors, concrete, fuels and lubricants), for workshops, lo-

gistics, offices and accommodation for staff etc. for a period of several months. Each camp may ac-

commodate up to 200 workers, therefore, they will need water supply, wastewater discharge and

treatment system, waste disposal facilities as well as health facilities. Generally, a work camp will be

used only for several months during the construction period. The next work camp will be established

some weeks prior to finishing the main construction work at the first line stretch and this process will

continue throughout the whole construction phase. Constructing the work camp in succession will

minimize the cumulative effect associated with constriction of the work along the way leave and pro-

vide opportunity to the contractor to rehabilitate the campsite when the next camp is ready for use.

Normally such camps will be located in or near townships or larger villages in order to benefit from

their infrastructure as accommodation, food supply areas, health services etc. Technical requirements

will require that a camp may serve a segment of about 100 km split half way backward and forward

along the line. This means that in this project altogether 6 to 7 camps will be established. Due to in-

formation from TANESCO, at least four of these camps will be established within the TANESCO

owned sites at Iringa, Mtera, Dodoma and Singida. At Shinyanga the site adjacent to the existing sub-

station has to be acquired. Not more than two work camps have to be established in other communi-

ties. This might take place near Igunga (36,000 inhabitants) and near Manyoni (25,000 inhabitants).

3.1.4 Access Roads

Some permanent and semi-permanent road reaches will have to be constructed to ship equipment to

and from the sub-stations. Access road to transmission line structures for both line construction and

maintenance shall be required, and may be paved or gravelled. Re-contouring of land may be required

for access road construction. Additional temporary roads will also be needed during the construction

phase of the transmission line project.

- 21 -


3.2 Type of Expected Impacts

The following impacts are, the main types of expected impacts leading to economic losses and/or

physical displacement and resettlement.

3.2.1 Loss of Productive Land and Resources

The area of immediate impacts will be (additionally to the wayleave of the existing 220 kV line) 70m

respectively 130m wide (where not parallel to the 220 kV line) and 670 km long. It should be noted

that TANESCO already has 60 m wayleave from the existing 220 kV transmission line. As soon as

TANESCO has acquired the land for the new power line, land cultivation and grazing activities be-

neath the lines are expected to be tolerated, although not formally allowed. However, the maximum

height of plants which are allowed to remain in the wayleave is 3 m.

Due to the fact that within the wayleave no buildings will be permitted, some areas potentially suitable

for settlements will be lost. Counting the area within settlements or nearby settled areas, about 20 km

of line length will be affected, i.e. 150 ha of potential settlement areas will be lost. Additionally, there

are a few areas which will possibly be sandwiched, which means that land dissected between linear

infrastructures for example power lines and / or traffic lines, will have reduced value for the construc-

tion of residential houses, if the remaining area is too small for this purpose. A reasonable limit may be

some 100 m distance between the wayleaves of such infrastructures. Such a situation may take place

at Igumbilo, Mlowa, Solya, Manga, Kibigiri and Kizonzo.

The proposed power transmission line will result in loss of land for agriculture, grazing and settlement.

The most commonly cultivated crops in project-affected areas are maize, sorghum, beans, millet,

paddy, cotton, and sunflower. Similarly, cattle, goats and sheep are grazed in all project affected ar-

eas. A line corridor of a width of 90m will have to be cleared to allow for the construction of the towers

and the lines. Where both lines will run parallel, the total wayleave will have to be cleared (if not al-

ready partially done) at a width of even 130m.

In other areas such as those of Kisima village in Mpwapwa District, Mlowa Barabarani in Chamwino

District, Mgongoro in Igunga District as well as Chikuyu in Manyoni District the proposed project will af-

fect the potential areas for agriculture activities in the area. For instance, in Chikuyu the line will cut

across the area that is used for cultivation of paddy. According to the villagers, it is difficult to get an-

other area within the village to cultivate paddy. At Kisima village, the proposed project may affect a

wetland that has a potential for cultivating food and cash crops all year long.

- 22 -


Table 3-1: Land Loss for Settlements and Agriculture

ha ha % ha ha %

Way leave 4.914 4.914

hereof tower construction 86 1,8% 6,3 0,13%

way for inspection/maintainance 137 2,8% 137 2,8%

Outside way leave 39 32

hereof new access roads 2,8 7,2% 2,8 8,7%

substations 29 75% 29 91%

work camps 7 18% 0 0%

Total land occupation (to be cleared) 4.953 4.946

Loss for agricultural cultivation 262 5,3% 174 3,5%

hereof without ways/roads 122 2,5% 35 0,7%Loss for settlements 246 5,0% 246 5,0%

ha %

Total land occupation 5.110 5.103 195 4%

hereof to be cleared 268 -4.678 -95%

Loss for agricultural cultivation 268 5,2% 183 4,7% 8 5%

Loss for settlements 147 2,9% 147 2,9% -99 -40%1)

including line routing alternatives

without mitigation measures

with mitigation measures 1)

Difference

"without/with

mitigation

measures"

Operation phaseConstruction phase

The impact on land value is one of the major issues of concern to some of the stakeholders. Some of

the stakeholders consulted were concerned that land value in their area might depreciate due to the

presence of towers close to their houses, land or even place of business. The value of the land will

depreciate if power lines take part of the land or it is close to the line, such that no major economic ac-

tivity can be undertaken.

Other stakeholders were concerned about becoming "sandwiched" between two power lines or even

between the lines and the road. In areas where the lines will not run parallel, they will tend to take up

large land at the middle and this may limit the expansion of the villages and even reduce the value of

the land in question.

The construction of the proposed transmission line is inadvertently impacting on more households ly-

ing between these infrastructures. For example, at Misuna village, near the Singida Substation, the

District Land Officer has had difficulties offering title deeds to some of the landowners simply because

the piece of land that is owned by these individuals lies between two existing transmission lines

(Arusha and Shinyanga line). Although this area is not within the TANESCO wayleave, the land office

still categorizes the land as a health risk area. However, according to the TANESCO and general elec-

tricity safety code, areas located outside of the wayleave are safe for living and free from electricity

hazards and danger.

According to the field survey, a number of permanent houses will need to be relocated as a conse-

quence of the establishment of the wayleave corridor. Following the results of the field survey per-

formed and the subsidiary counting of houses from satellite images, about 840 houses or house like

structures (shacks, stands) will be affected by the wayleave and will have to be removed as follows:

• 180 houses between Iringa and Dodoma, i. e. 0.8 houses / km,

• 216 houses between Dodoma and Singida, i. e. 1.0 houses / km and

• 442 houses between Singida and Shinyanga, i. e. 1.9 houses / km.

- 23 -


Most of the affected settlements have developed into a linear structure along the existing line, which

often plays the role of development axis. In such areas there will be no problem shifting the houses,

i.e. to construct a new house on the same plot nearby, and people will be able to continue their farm-

ing and livestock keeping activities as usual. But some villages will be quite restricted in this issue due

to topographical reasons (e. g. in Puma) or due to the fact that the settlement has developed two-

dimensionally. Settlements with such problems will be found in Mkonze and Misuna. The exact num-

ber of affected households and persons will, however, be known later, after the final design is com-

pleted and the PAP census is undertaken. In any case, PAP will lose their right to occupy part or all

the land which they are using for residential or for productive purposes.

In addition to the loss of land, some economically valuable trees, notably mango and other trees, will

be cut down. The construction of the proposed transmission line may also involve the destruction of

seasonal crops in the wayleave. Prior information will allow those affected to stop from planting new

crops or to harvest already planted crops before construction activities begin. Alternatively, construc-

tion work can start during the dry season when all farm lands have been harvested. Hence, the effect

of the loss of crops and trees on affected people's livelihoods is considered moderately negative.

3.2.2 Loss of Settlement Structures and Shelter

Although no significant relocation by the project-affected people is predicted, several houses will be af-

fected by the proposed project. The kind of houses which will be affected are largely traditional rural

houses, which are made of mud and thatches. Some houses built with corrugated iron sheets, cement

blocks or burnt bricks, will be affected, largely in urban areas.

Despite this, it is expected that no major threats will be posed to livelihoods, as most people in the pro-

ject area will be able to continue with farming and livestock keeping activities within their villages. Land

is not so scarce in the villages along the right of way. However; land scarcity might be a problem in

settlements that are within or adjacent to urban areas. Villages such as Mkonze in Dodoma Municipal

and Misuna in Singida Municipality have land shortage and affected households might be forced to re-

locate outside the village but within the district.

3.2.3 Loss of Income Sources or Means of Livelihood

For the major part of the corridor the land is used for agriculture. Some of this land will be taken per-

manently for the transmission line towers. The rest of the land, in particular the one under the over-

head lines, may still be used for cultivation after completion of the construction works. Some of the

standing crops may also be affected during construction.

3.2.4 Loss of Community and Public Structures

A few public infrastructures such as schools, churches, mosques, water supply structures etc., existing

or planned, will be affected by the proposed development as they are allocated (partially) within the

way-leave. Such items found in the course of field surveys are listed in Table 3-2.

Social services such as dispensaries, water schemes, accommodation facilities are inadequate in

most of the settlements along the line. At villages with work camps there will be some pressure on ex-

isting services which are already in poor condition.

- 24 -


This may create some social stress in terms of conflicts regarding resources and in thefts and burglar-

ies. The fact that TANESCO uses barbed wire to secure the towers and pays local communities to

guard them is a clear indication of this problem. Currently, TANESCO is paying about TSh 2,000 for

each tower sited within the village land.

However, this potential social stress may be mitigated to some extent by the fact that most of the communities in the project area may already be, to some degree, sensitized to potential social prob-lems due to the previous effects from the construction of the existing 220 kV line and road construction between Dodoma and Igunga.

Table 3-2: Affected Infrastructures

Village District Affected Infrastructures Alternative

Nala Dodoma Municipal water tank with pipes and tap, primary court, weighbridge yes

Bahi Bahi Church, Mission, Secondary school yes

Lusilile Manyoni District toilets of primary school no

Mkwese Manyoni District underground water pipes no

Mkwese Manyoni District water pumping station no

Nkunikana Singida Rural small secondary school under construction, small mosque no

Puma Singida Rural Watertower yes

Misuna Singida Rural dispensary yes

Mnung'una Singida Rural small dam + cattle soaking structure no

Ntondo Singida rural small mosque no

Tumuli Iramba District larger secondary school no

Kyengege Iramba District boreholes, well, water pipes yes

Kitukutu Iramba District yes

Kitusha Iramba District yesMgongoro Igunga District small church, small mosque no

Planning Conflicts (to be negociated)

Ulyampiti Singida Rural village office / dispensary planned no

Kipumbwiko Singida Rural secondary school planned no

Misigiri Iramba District town development area yes

Kizonzo Iramba District village market planned no

boreholes, primary school, secondary school

Source: Field Survey, 2008

Based on available survey data of the existing infrastructures in the village areas affected by the Pro-

ject, the expected losses of the above mentioned public infrastructures (Table 3.2) will be less than

1% of total public infrastructures existing in these locations.

- 25 -


3.2.5 Loss of Cultural and Archaeological Property

Many graves and even graveyards, all together more than 200 graves, have been found inside the

wayleave of the existing line (some even established after construction) as well as of the new line. A

limited number of these graves may have to be relocated if there is a risk that they will be disturbed by

construction activities. Graveyards and larger agglomeration of graves have been found at:

• Kising'a (Iringa Rural) 25 graves

• Ikungi (Singida Rural) larger graveyard

• Kibigiri (Iramba) 30 graves.

Beliefs and traditions in the project area allow graves to be relocated if it is done in a culturally accept-

able way. Compensation will be paid for expenses related to the relocation of graves such as ex-

penses for ceremonies and labour in connection with exhumation and reburial.

The proposed power transmission line may also affect other cultural sites. Discussion with the Antiqui-

ties Department highlighted the importance of conserving any archaeological features that will be

found within the way-leave.

The proposed power transmission line may affect cultural sites. Some of the cultural sites to be af-

fected are burial sites and graveyards that are used by villages and where local communities perform

their traditional rites or ceremonies. In addition, the line will cross Solya Village near Kilimatinde,

Manyoni District. Kilimatinde is passed by the Central Slave and Ivory Trade Route, and an old Ger-

man Fort in Kilimatinde is located there. The line definitely does not affect these important landmarks.

Most of the stakeholders along the proposed wayleave were concerned if the graves will be compen-

sated and if the process of relocating the graves will be participatory and take into account their cul-

tures and values. Land officers that were also part of the ESIA Team explained how the procedure

would be carried out. Discussion with the Antiquities Department also highlighted the importance of

conserving any archaeological features that will be in the RoW.

- 26 -


4. Objectives of the Resettlement Plan

Like in all standard Resettlement Action Plans, the objective of a RAP is to ensure that project affected

people (PAP) are promptly and fairly compensated for any loss of productive land, structures, or other

properties as a result of land requisition for the transmission line wayleave/corridor. Furthermore, a

RAP also proposes mitigation measures to ameliorate any negative impacts. Efforts are made in the

detailed planning of the line route to avoid densely populated areas and structures as far as techni-

cally feasible and with due consideration for safety measures. Consultations with PAP and local au-

thorities have taken place along the corridor as part of the ESIA/RPF studies in order to avoid unnec-

essary relocation and impacts.

The present Resettlement Action Plan is providing most of the information and details required by a

full RAP as they are defined by the WB OP 4.12. It includes the description of the project, identification

of the project components leading to resettlement, the social characterization of the affected popula-

tion; the description of the legal, policy and institutional frameworks for resettlement and compensation

in Tanzania; the criteria for eligibility and the resettlement and compensation entitlements; the results

of the community participation and consultation program; the identification of the grievance mecha-

nisms; description of implementation arrangements; and the objectives of the evaluation and monitor-

ing activities linked to implementation of the RAP.

However, due the pending detailed design of the transmission line route and the detailed land survey,

including the demarcation of transmission line corridors, the present Resettlement Policy Framework

cannot include a detailed census, inventory and valuation of assets of the PAP. Once those aspects

have been included, the full RAP can be completed.

This RPF document complements the ESIA and aims to minimize the social impacts of the proposed

400 kV Transmission Line. In order to achieve this, the RPF emphasizes that:

• involuntary resettlement should as much as possible be avoided by exploring all possible alterna-

tives;

• if resettlement cannot be avoided, resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as

sustainable development activities with the participation and consent of the PAP;

• at the end of the day the PAP should be in a better socio-economic position than before the Pro-

ject.

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5. Socio-Economic Characteristics

5.1 Overview

This Chapter describes the socioeconomic characteristics of the population of all districts which will be

affected by the project's right-of-way. The project covers five regions, namely Iringa, Dodoma, Singida,

Tabora and Shinyanga and several districts and villages.

Generally, all villagers that will be affected by the project have most of the basic social services as de-

scribed in each District socioeconomic profiles. The services include schools (primary and secondary),

water, health and communications (roads and telephone) .However most of these services are either

of poor quality or not sufficient. In newly established Districts such as those Kishapu, Bahi and Cham-

wino, most of the major social services such as a district hospital are unavailable.

This is also the case in newly established villages such as Mitoo-Juu in Manyoni District and Isalanda

in Singida Rural where basic social services such as health and primary schools are still unavailable.

Annex 3.5 provides information on available social service infrastructures in all villages likely to be af-

fected by the Project. It has been noted that the proposed Project might affect some of the existing so-

cial and cultural infrastructures.

The ESIA, which this RPF complements, has proposed some alternatives that will minimize impacts of

the Project to the social infrastructure and services, in such a way that less than 1% of existing public

infrastructures will be really affected.

Most of the local communities along the proposed RoW are small-scale farmers, making agriculture

and livestock keeping their main economic activities. Other PAP, especially those in urban areas, are

engaged in activities such as employment and business. People around Mtera Dam are involved in

fishing. Most farmers practice subsistence farming with very low annual output. There is very little use

of agricultural fertilizers and mechanized agricultural. Seasonal crops cultivated include sunflowers

and cotton (cash crops), while food crops include maize, groundnuts and millet. Few villagers in

Chamwino and Mpwapwa districts of Dodoma Region cultivate grapes as a cash crop.

The Project is also likely to impact land used by local communities for agricultural activities. In villages

such as Kisima in Mpwapwa District, part of the most fertile pieces of land, is likely to be affected by

the Project. Details of the socio-economic baseline conditions in each district are provided below.

5.2 Iringa Region

5.2.1 Iringa Municipality

Iringa Municipality is one of the 6 districts of Iringa Region in the southern highlands of Tanzania.

Population

According to projections based on the 2002 Population and Household Census, which provided an

annual growth rate of 1.6%, the district has today a total population of about 113,350 people, of which

58,879 are female and 54,471 are male. The number of children under 5 years old is about 22,675.

On the other hand, the elderly constitute 2,717 of the total population.

Economy

The main economic activity of the district is agriculture, mainly based on subsistence economy and

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small scale sales for villages which are on the periphery of the municipality. People living in the urban

area are mainly running small-scale industries, doing commerce and petty trading.

Education services

The district has 43 primary schools out of which 36 are governmental schools and seven are private

owned. There are also 11 secondary schools. In addition, district has three universities, one Teachers

College, one vocational training centre, one Community Development College and three University

Colleges.

Health sector

There are three hospitals in the municipality. One belongs to the government, the other two belonging

to religious institutions. There are also two government owned health centres and one private health

centre. The municipality has 20 dispensaries.

Major health problems are malnutrition and infant mortality. Other common diseases are HIV/Aids, ma-

laria and tuberculosis. There is an increase of HIV/Aids by 13.7% per year, and the region as such is

one of the highly infected regions in Tanzania. The main cause for this high rate of infection has been

the highly migrant labour force that moves a lot between the region and other regions in search of job

opportunities as plantation workers, domestic workers and traders.

Water supply

The main sources of water for the district are the Little Ruaha River and the Kitwiru springs. About

90% of people in the municipality have access to safe and clean drinking water.

5.2.2 Iringa Rural District

Iringa Rural District has an area of 20,576 km² of which only 9,857.5 km² is habitable, whereas a na-

tional park, some forest reserves, rocky mountains and water bodies occupy the rest of the land area.

Population

The district has a total population of more than 250,000, of which around 120,000 are males and

130,000 are females. The dependence ratio is about 50%, whereby more than 122,000 children and

the elderly are dependent on 124,000 economically active population.

Economy

The mainstay for the majority of the people in the district is agriculture, which employs about 82% of

the active population. Livestock keeping is another main economic activity, largely undertaken at low

sedentary levels. Pastoralist concentrates in the areas close to the national park as well as around the

Mtera dam in search of pasture and water. Other economic activities include fishing, forestry, tourism,

service sector (transportation) and trading. Crops grown for commercial purpose include pyrethrum,

coffee, tobacco, and sunflower while crops cultivated food but also occasionally sold include maize,

beans, millet, sorghum, peas, tomatoes, paddy, groundnuts and wheat.

Infrastructures

The district has good road network, well-developed telecommunications, electricity supply, postal and

banking services, water supply as well as various financial institutions.

Energy supply

Electricity consumed in Iringa District is supplied from the national grid system. In addition, the district

is home to one of the major hydropower plants in Tanzania, the Mtera Dam that runs on water from

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the Great Ruaha River, a key landmark of the district.

Health sector

Iringa District has 1 hospital, 5 health centres, 58 dispensaries and 35 pharmacies. The main health

problems include malnutrition, infant mortality diarrhoea, malaria and HIV/Aids. With sudden increase

in the number of universities and students in Iringa, pressure on existing health services is likely to in-

crease and the possibility of getting more cases of sick people due to communicable diseases is high.

Education

The District has 144 primary schools and 9 secondary schools.

Water supply

About 197,809 people or about 60% of the population in the rural areas have access to clean water

within a range of 400 meters. Most of the water is from rivers, springs and boreholes.

5.3 Dodoma Region

5.3.1 Mpwapwa District

Mpwapwa District is located about 120 km southeast from Dodoma regional headquarters. The district

covers a total area of 7,379 km².

Population

By the year 2002, the district had a total population of 253,602 people. With an annual growth rate of

2.1%, the District population is now estimated to be 289,914 people.

Education Services

The district has a total number of 130 nursery schools, 115 primary schools and 23 secondary

schools. Existing primary and secondary schools are facing major shortage of school infrastructures;

currently the government in collaboration with the local communities is in the process of improving the

status and quality of these schools.

Health Services

The health care system consists of one hospital, 2 health centres and 43 dispensaries. The public

owns about 78% of the health service facilities while charitable organizations, NGOs and private insti-

tutions own the rest. The most common diseases in the district are malaria, ARI, diarrhoea and pneu-

monia.

Water Supply

The district has about 32 boreholes, 71 shallow wells (using hand pumps) and 32 water springs. As

part of the effort of the district to reduce some of the water borne diseases, the district has been in-

creasing the population served with clean water in the rural areas from 62% in 2005/06 to 74% in

2006/07.

Economic Activities

Agriculture and livestock keeping are the main economic activities of the people of Mpwapwa. About

90% of the total population is engaged in these economic activities. Other activities include small and

medium scale business, small-scale industries and office work employing about 2% of the population.

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5.3.2 Chamwino District

Chamwino District in Dodoma region is located on the central plateau of Tanzania west of Dodoma

City. The district has a total area of 8,856 km² with 72 villages and 28 wards, spread in 5 divisions,

namely Itiso, Makang'wa, Mvumi, Chilonwa and Mpwayungu.

Population

According to 2002 national census, the population of Chamwino District was 260,841 people, made up

of 23,972 male and 136,869 female, with an average population density of 31 people per km². There

are about 103,659 households in the district with an average size of 4.1 people per household. Ac-

cording to Regional and District projections, the district population for 2007 was estimated at 284,637,

of which 36, 684 were male 147,953 were female.

Education

The district has 109 primary schools including one special school for handicapped at Buigiri Mission.

In addition, the district has 47,239 students in its 109 schools out of which 24,266 are boys and 22,975

are girls. In 1996, there was only one secondary school in Chamwino but this situation has changed

and there are now 11 secondary schools in district.

Health services

The health situation in the district portrays the same patterns experienced by other less developed ar-

eas in the Dodoma region. The district is characterized by high occurrence of common preventable

diseases such as malaria, eye disease, diarrhoea, skin disease and intestinal worms. Apart from

prevalence of common diseases among the district population, infant and child mortality rates and ma-

ternal mortally rates are higher than the national average. The district has one private hospital, 3 rural

health centres and 49 dispensaries.

Water supply

Poor climate condition and the absence of reliable water sources like permanent rivers and spring has

forced the district population to depend on boreholes, shallow wells, rainwat

Documents

New Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited - World Bank · 2016. 7. 10. · 6.3.5 The Land Act, 1999 56 6.3.6 Village Land Act No. 5 of 1999 58 6.3.7 The Land Regulation, 2001 58