New Matrix Upper Intermediate

8/12/2019 New Matrix Upper Intermediate

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1 Look t thеpiсturеs. hy s аppеarаnсеmportantаnimaIs nd o pеople?

Skim еad hе ехtandmatсh eаdings _е o1-5.

il;;;'; a сonstantfеatuI; of today,sworld. Wе sее hеm

on TV at thе сinеma, in magazinеs.Howеvеr,not all of

thеm havеbееnсrеatеdby huЬan bеings.Naturе tsеlfhas

сrеatеd omеof thе most bеautiful magеs,and thе variеty

of imagеs n naturе is еnormous.Ovеr millions of yеars'

.u.rl ,fr..i" s has developed ts owп .look,..Thеre arе thrее

*ui'l *u,o's for this divеrsity of natural imagеs.

1Whеrеvеrwе look nowadaysWеarеsurroundеd-by'ii.gl]:

2Lеt,s bеgin by looking ш tw9 vеIy d'I*':"j.'^Y-::1.:^

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ЗBut hiding from thеir prеdatoIs sn't'th"

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to

Titlе:

parаgraphs

a I spirat ionb Sаfеtyс VаrlеtУ

d Аppеа|е |nvisibiIitу

3 whatwouldbea suitаbIеit|е orthe еxt?

Sсan hе extand ind hе answеrso thеquеstions.

1 Whеrе owесоmе сrossmaяеs? hat rе hе ourсеsоf hеsеmagеs?Why avе t iсknsесtsеvе|opеdhеir magе? avеtigеrs volvеdtripеsor hеsamе еаson?

Whаt oеs hеаrmadiIIosе oprotесttseIf? hat thеrspесiеssе imilаr аys f protесt ion?Whаtmportаntо|е oеs magе |ауn hе ifе fpеасoсks?\Vhеrеopеoplе ftеn ookor аshiondеаs?

stiсk insесt and thе ti еr. Stiсk insесts hav.ееvolvеd to look

еxaсtly likе thе branйеs and lеavеs thеy livе amongst.For

thеm, thе ability to hidе from thеir еnеmiеs is еssеntial

bесausе hеy arеsmall and саmouflаgе ffеrs thеm thе only*uy .o protЪсtthеmsеlves.Yеt it,s not only small сrеaturеs

that usе сamouflagе.Largе mammals do too, but in a

totally diffеrеnt way. Tigеis, for еxamplе, havе StripеS o

hidе thеmsеlvеs n ,n" й,.g grass,whеrе thеy сan launсh

thеir attaсkson thеir p,"y. ёйo.,flagе madе it possiblе fоr

tigеrs o bесomеsuссеssful untеIs.4

сan еnsurе thеir survival. Thе armadillo from Сеntral and

South Amеriсa, or еxamplе, s protесtеdbу thiсk piесеs.of

hard bonе whiсh to'* u shЪll around its tlody. Thеarmadillo looks morе likе an armourеd m1сhi1е

l':i.i,.i.,'." fi.сtion fllm than an animal. Or lеt,s takе a rnоrе

сommon еxamplе.Thе hеdgеhog s a muсh smallеr animal,

й.,i''u',,,"

has providеo it йitь a сoаtof Long,sharp Spinеt

to protесt tsеIf rom ts еnеmiеs'

Rеading

Skim eadingmеanseаdingtеХt hroughuiсklуogеt gеnеraI

idеa f whаt t sabout. his rеparеsou oranswеringmorе еtai|еduеstions,

Sсanningmеаns ookinguiсkIyhrough tехtwithoutеadingеVerуеntеnсеo ind hе nformаtionounееd. hishе|psou o inddеtаilednformationorе uiсk|y.



YoсahшlaryТhe naturalшorld5 Еxp|ainhе meaning f thewords n tаliсaссordingo how hеyarе usеd n

thе еxt.

6 Sсan hе еxtand indwords r phraseshаtmean:1 a numbеr f diffеrеntypеs f somеthingparagraph)

2 a group f аnimаIsrp|аntshаt hаrеhе amе harасtеristiс sparаgraph)3 dеvеIoprаduа|Iyrоm simpIеoа morе omp|еxorm pаrаgrаph)4 bе n а p|aсе hеrе ou annot е ееn pаragrаph)5 kееp оmеthingr somеbodyаfе pаrаgrаph)6 аn аnimaIhat s ki||еdndеatеn yothеr nimalsparagrаph)7 аn animа|hаt i||sndеats thеr nimalsparagrаph)8 makе omeonеее| hаt hеу ikе ou pаragrаph)9 bemorе uссеssfulhаn thеrsparagrаph)

Еvolution7 Matсh hеverbsn Iist to thosе n ist2 thаtаrе imi|аrn mеaning.

1 protесt еVOIVе providе аttrасt сrеаtе

2 ofIer form . аppеal dеvеlop dеfеnd

8 Сomp|еtееntеnсes_5With he сorrесtormof a verb romIist in 7 аbovе,and a suitаblе rеposition' ore hаnoneprеposition aybе сorreсt.] Naturе as thеhеdgеhog а сoat f |ong,harp pinеs.2 Sсiеntistsе|iеvеhat urUnivеrsеаs

thеBigBаng.а hugе xpIosiona||еd

3 |\4аnуls|torsrе Lаkе |еd есаusеf tsnaturаl еаutv4 Dаrwin as hе irst o сIаimhаt hеhumаn асе a spесiеs

of аnimа|.

5 Stiсknsесtsrе prеdatorsесausеhеy ook ikе wigs.

suffixgs and profixоь9 Formadjeсtivеsrom hеsе ounsbуadding fulandIor./ess.hеn сan he

textand indwhat hе adjeсtivesеsсribе.

i'i.:l

.- is yеt anothеr rеason for

..'.rе.s variеty of imagеs. For thе

1''.s to survivе it,s not еnough to

. .:е from prеdators. Somеtimеs it,s

. -.tu,.t to stаnd out iп thе сrowd.

, - ,.uks, or instanсе, dеvеlopеd.:.: ехtlaordinary bluе and grееn

. io attraсt {еmalеs 1pеаhens)

',.:-:1g hе mating sеason. Many

...г animals usе thеir imagе to,' ]сf,}to potеntial matеs and to gеt

. - .зd of thеir rivals.

. :-' enimal,s appеaтanсе seпds out a

-. ilпportапtmеSSаgе. hеir imagе

-.'l. 's ihеm to hidе, to dеfеnd

.епrsеlvеs or to flnd paтtnеrs. Wе

' ..:тlanshavе stolеn maлy of ou г

'".-lr magеs from wildlifе ovет thе

-=nturiеs. Just think of rrrilitary

-1lloLtI for еxarnplе, oт thе fеathетs:. еxpеnsivе hats, lеopaтd skin

:'зriсs, punk hairstylеs, сamouflagе

..-.1'',.,,,-fukеur... thе list is еndlеss.

.r faсt, whеn it сomеs to fаshion-, t

).еms as if thе human raсе .nas

=ernеd еvеrything it knows trоm

-lstonе sourсе_ naturе.

1 hе|p2 pеасе3 worth

4 сount5 wondеr

t CI writеwordswithа nеgativе refiх,un-,m-, n-)whiсhmеаn hеoppositеof 1-7.. l nаturаI

2 еssеntiaI3 possibIе4 suссеssfuI

Сhoosе nеof thе statеmеntseIow nd sаywhyуouagreе/disаgrееith t.о You an |wаysudgе pеrson yhisor hеr ppеаranсе.o It 's оtwhatwеwеаr uthowwеwеаr t hаtmattеrs.. Bеаutvsonlv kin ееp.

5 сommon

6 importаnt7 еxpеnsivе

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perfeсt implеand pastplе

't;--.i..l+'':.нiqj.ц:....l;l..ffiцдi:-..

Exp|ain hy hrеe f thеsе еntеnсеsre nсorrесt.,l l'vеWorn nеwdrеss,еsterdаY.2 N4уriеndsаughedhеn hеу awmуо|d гаiпеrs.3 Jаnе idn't uy nуbrand аmе |othеs,'еt.4 Jаmiеust ost iswаlIеt.

In pairs, irstanswеr hequеstions,hеn еad hе еxt.DоуouagrееwithwhatKeIly, avе nd hе writеr ay?Whу/why ot?,1 Whаtsа brаnd аmе?2 Whаt oуou hinkmаkеs|othеsndothеrhinss ith

brаnd аmеsopopu|ar?

Rеad hе еxt gain. ndеrIinehееxamp|еsf thеprеsеnt еrfeсt imple nd сirс|еhееxаmp|еsf thеpastsimplе n the еxtraсt.

Hаveyoueverboughtа brаndname roduсt?f o,why?Мostpeopte,t seems, uy hеseproduсts s a Wayof expressingtheir wn ndividuat ityhile t it lbeing art Га grоup. uyingbrand amеss ikebеing fanofа popular and ra famousfootballeam, t gives oua senseof dеntity. owevеr,hеseproduсts ave есomemuсh

morеimportanthаn heyused o bе,espeсiаl lyoryoung eople.

Yеsterday,spoke o some

lrlаtсhhеvеrbs n boId n thе еxt o thеusеs -4.,l tо dеsсr ibеn ехpеriеnсеhat as r hаsn't аpреnеdt

аn ndеfinitеime n thepast .g.|lаveуou evorbought?and-

2 .- 3еsсr ibenасt ionhаt as inishеduthas nеffесt'. . ' * orеsеnt

3 .' : l.s:t ..bеnасt ion r stаtеhаt tаrtеdn hеоаst nd.. . . . .,]s о hеprеsеnt-

4 :с сеs:r еа finishеdсtion rstаtе tа dеfinitеimе n-i -

Undеr|inehесorrесtеnsе n sеntеnсes_8.1 Dtd ouе\еr ееНауе oLl vеr ееnОasisn сonсеrt?2 Sjmon oughtаsоoughtоmе еsignеrеans аst ееk.3 Sаrаworkеdihаsуorkеdsa modе|n hеholidаys.4 | сan't аlI еssiе | 'оrgоtihаl,е'оrgottеnvmobiIе.5 |didn,t o/hаvеn'tееnosсhoоl еstеrdау.6 |sоw/hаvеееn wo i|ms tarring еоrgе loоnеу

rесеntIy.7 Markdidn'tеоt/hаsn,tatеn hinеsеoodbеforе Wе,rе

goingo rу omе onight.8 Didуouwatсh/11avеouwаtсhedе|еvisionast ight?

Put hе аdvеrbsn braсkеtsn thесorrесt laсе nsentеnсеsl_8.

1 Don,tееd hе аt; 'vе ivеn imhisdinnеr.аlrеady)

2 Hаvе oupаid hе еlеphonеil|?yеt)3 Thе еttеrrommypеnfriеndasn,trrivеd.st iI|)4 Pau|a,s issеdhеbus. just)5 Hаvе ou riеdGrееkood? evеd6 l'vе ееn brоаd.nеvеr)7 Аnna аs ikеd |аssiса|usiс.а|ways)8 N4аttasn'tmovеd оusе.yеt)

Read -8 n 6 аgain nd answеr uеstionsl_3.

Whiсh dvеrbsr imе xprеssionsоwеus e,l to а|k bout xpеriеnсеshаt аvе r haven'tappеnеd

аtan ndеfinitеimе n hеоаst?

2 with hеprеsеntеrfесto aI k bout есеntсt ions ithorеsеntеsuts?

З with hеprеsеnt еrfесtorunfinishеdimе?

:1,

reenagersbout heir uyinghаbits. e[lцwhoЪ 7, explained|'vebought otsofсlothеs есausе ithе abel. bought

'ui.,. designer

Т.shirtwo yеars gobeсauset wasсheap na satе.Butl disсoveredhat hequаtitywаsgood. tdidn,t all toieсes fter woWеeks,o now buyсlotheswith abetsсan.' tЪnot ust hegirtswhoare magе

avе, ellyЪ rothеьoldme Dadboughtmedеsignеrrainersormybirthday fewyеars go .hen hаveаlwayswornbranded rainers.nd

,,,,1'

sinсе stаrted uyingmyownсlothes,astyea1 havealsoсhosen eansandT-shirts ith abets;hese eans ,mwearing ow orexamplе.tmeans oualways ee l

сonfidenthatyou'rewearingomеthingсool. '

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Рrеsеnt еrfесt impleandр еsеntperf сt сontinuous

\ilаtсh raглpiеs_с o thеusеs f thеprеsеnt еrfесt:опt inuous-l-3.a

.\4hуаГefou эo hot?.

'vebaan unnin7.,6 Theу,ve aen going to tha tannisсlub for уoаrь.

с ,vebeen iving hore ьinсe lаst Аpril.. lsе hеpresеntеrfесtоntinuousor:

'1 асt ionsrstatеs hiсh tartеdn hеpast ndаrе t i||

3оing n.Wеwаnt o еmphаsisеhе еngthf imе.

] aсt ionsrstatеs hiсh аvе toppеd,uthavе rеsеnt

tonsеquеnсеs.] асt ions hiсh аvе аppеnеdеpеatеdlyor omе imе.

\Vе ant o еmphаsisеhе еpеаtеdсt ion.

: Look t еxampIes and2 and hеnput hе imеехвressionsnto hесorrесt olumn.

1 l,vo Knоwn6а|Iуar

6iхуoаro.2 |,vo rived еro einсa2o0l,

a Iongimе twоwееks |ast arсh thrее ours

Сhristmas |Vondаy а fеwminutеs ninе ,с|oсk

Inpairs, irstput hеvеrbs n braсkеtsnto hесorrесttеnse presenterfесt impIе r сontinuous).henсomplеtеhe sеntеnсеs ith or or sinсе.f both ensеsarеpossibIe,xplainhеdiffеrenсеn meaning.

1 Pеtеr (rеаd)hеsаmе ook Iаst еаr.wondеr hеn еwiIl in ish.

2 Wе (try)o phonеhеm hours' еrnаps

thеir honеs brokеn.3 Ourgrandpаrеnts (hаvе)hеir аt two

уеa s.4 N4аriа (do)his оb-- thrееmonths.

5 Kar|(bе)

friеnd -agеs.

6 | - (not o) o he inеmа I movеd ousе

7 John (not atсh) footbal| atсh

months.8 Sаm (stay)ithhis ousins hеstartеd

сoIlеgе.

Prеsentperfеctwith when, f'

or antil"Е,ERеad hе ru|еs nd henсomplеtееntеnсеs_5using

yourownwords.Rulеs,l Wе аnusе hеprеsеnt erfесtimp|еnstеadf thе

prеsеnto aIk bout оmеthinghаtwilI r shouldhappеn еforеnothеrVentn hе uturе' .g.

Whenуou.voinishod уour homeworK.ou сdn go

out.Youсаn,tgo out unIil уou,veinished уourhomеworK.

2 Wе anusе hеprеsеntеrfесtimp|еnstеadf hе

оrеsеntn somе irst ondit ionаlеntеnсеs'.g.

lf уou,vеini;hod уour homeworK, e will go out., l |f hеу not by unсhtimе,еwi|l ing

and indoutwhеrеhеy re.

2 Whеn oU your еdroom,есаnhavеd nnеr.З I' lI е еadyogooutwhеn - mуhаir.

4 Whеn ou thе ab|еordinnеr,ou ou|d

hеIpmеpreparеhе еgеtаb|еs.5 Iсan't е|| ouwhatmуsесrеtsuntiI - to

Annе.

Lеt's aсtivatеPeгэonal oъPorieoс.o

12 ln pairs' ead hе nstruсtions_3аnd ntеrview aсh

othеr.Usе hеse uеstion ords.

Whеn What Whо ..with How How ong

Whу Howmanу imеs Whеrе

1 Find ut fyoUr artnеras onе hе hingsа-с) е|ow.

2 Find utasmuсhnformationsyou аn bout hat

hаppеnеdhеn е/shеid hеm.3 N4аkеnotе fУour artnеr'sеp|iеs.

Ехаmple

Whаts hеmоst xсit ingport oU avеriеd?

Kayаking.

Howmаny imеs аvе оudonе t?Lots.do t еvеrу ееkеndnsummеr.

Ann How ong avе oubееn oingt?Bob Sinсеwаs l2'

a tryanехсit ingportb visit n ntеrеsting|aсес pеrformnpub|iс

T3 Work n groups'Disсusshеquеstions.

1 Doуoubuу еsignеr|othеs?hyiWhyot?

2 Howhavе rаnd аmеs hаngedеop|е,spеnding

hаbitsnyour ountry?

l

llIIIп

AnnBob

AnnBob

for(period f time) sinсе pointn timе)

ф



Inpairs, isсusshesе uеstions.] Hоw oyou еe| bout:

. taking hotogrаphs?

. sееinghotоgraphsfyourse|f?

. Iookingtothеr еoplе,shotogrаphs?2 Whу opеoplеаkе hotogrаphsf еасh thеr?З Hоw opеop|ееасt hеn hеу nоw hеir hotоgl.аphsbеingаl'епi

Whу?4 HowWеrеmаgеsеprеsеntеdеforеhе nvеntionf phоtogrаphу?

Look t thisphotographаnswеrhеquеstions.1 Whеn oyou hink t

was аkеn?2 Whаt ords ou|d

уoUUsе odеsсribеthеman?

3 How oуou hinkhе е|t bout hе

phоto?

гo6Jl:lListеno a shortnеws tеmаbout hе o|dphotogrаphndanswеlthеquеstions. ritenotеs ikе hosе n thеехamp|е.Ехаmplе|Уhеrеid Nlonsiеur аgneuх uу t?Аntiquo mаrKrt / Раris

1 Whу s t so mportаnt?2 Whеn аs t аkеn?3 Whеn id hеpub|iс еаr bouthеphotogrаph?4 WhowаsNiсo|аsuеt?5 Whаt id hеhаvеo do?

6 Why idn't есomb ishair rsmi|е?Eхpand ournotеsntosеntenсеs.hеn ompare ourаnswеrso аpa tnеr's.

5 Lookat thеsе hotographsndаnswеrthеquеstions.

, l How lddoyоu hink hеpеoplе rе?2 Whаtоbs oуou hink hеy o?

ro6,|l.zThegirl n thеphotogrаphs

сa||ed nnаPimm. istеn ndсomplеtеthе notеs.

Annа imm.l Аgе:2 Nаtiоnа|itу:3 N4аinссupаtion:4 Pаrt- l imеob:-5 Eаrnings:6 Fаthеr'sссupаlion:7 Fathеr'sdviсе:8 N4ainmbit ion:

Inpairs, isсusshеsе uеstions.1 Who oуou hinkwas ight, nnа r

hеr аthеr?2 What oyou hink аshаppеnеdo

Annа inсеhеn7

Notе-takingWhеn istеningon'twоrrуfуoudo notundеrstаndverу ord.l\4аkеriefnotеs hе irst imеуou istеn .g. ntiquеmаrkеt/Pоris.Тhеn onfirmoUr nswеrn hе есondistеningеforеi||ingn hе

аnswеrorm.



,:. .: j . . .:., Ё*' ' . ' i thZасk'the: . .. : . j; - ..-:. quеstions о уou: '* i . . зs[ п ml

i . ,: . ' : *:.:- l ._] thеn I istеn o the ntеrviеw. -. :'.;.:*:-:; *зtсh rl.hаt aсk says bout

. l .: l |:-|

.-|nеsidе асhstatеmеnt.

id thе: :. ;:ц ]*, -l ihе quеstionsyou rediсtеd?

.: ..]: j ' l lo0еl.

' ' " - ,, ' i l onеаgеnсy.

-:: : , ' : ' . . ;ОПg еriodsWithoUtWork.

] .., ..].О.

.: -]:l- ,s iOе for my Worst Xpеriеnсе.

-)l sОl l- lеr iеnds есausе f my Сarееr.

j ":,..s аvе r iеd o mаkеmе givеup modеIIing.

Jt]еrl- l vork uffеrеd s a rеsult f modе|l inя.

- : ikеа сomp|еtеhаngе f сarееr.

:,] i . . lшnсiat ion

l. :""435

-: : i irdеd nto уl|аbIes:nits suа||yontаining. .lr lsоnаntеforеndior ftеrt,е.g. f-tеr.

- -::, nе hеstrеssеdyIlablеn еaсhworс...асt noun) b сon rасt vеrb)

'. ' l lеrсеnoun) b сommеr ia| аdjесt ive)

з з О6Jl'sNow ntеrv iеw aсhothеr. еfеr owhаtyourpаrtnеr аs аid о shоw hat ouarе istening.sе hеdiaIoguеox o he|p ou'

;:t:r:::::....,.."1",;1;i;:.1-:i::;;;:-:,,:i;::..;r:;;:-;,:.::;";-.:-,;;:;;,;;:rt.,.'-:;Jrr::-..-;"ir:.:;r,

.- sьowing hatyouarе istеning

.j A Now oumеntionedhаtуou,d |wауs antеdo bеа

modе|.Yеs, vеr inсе ook аrt na fаshiоnhow tsсhooISo hаt,s ow t a|| tа tеd?Yеs, |ushе асt hat wonа сompеtit ionnа |oсаInеWspapеr.

B

AB

jÂсtuаllу, wаsgoing o аskуouаboutthаt. Сouldуouехplаin n moredetаil ехaсt|уow hаt hе|pеd ou?

stimulus baьoddiьcuвьiont4 Disсusshеse uеstions.

' l Whаt rе hеpеop|еn hеpiсturеsoing?

2 Whаts hе Iogаnuggеsting?З Whаtsmоrе mportаntorа hаppу ifе аppеaranСеr

pеrsonaIity?4 Towhаt xtеnt ophotographsn advеrtisеmеnts

influеnсеs?5 ArephotogrаphiсmagеsIwаysnасСuratеiсturеf

rеа tу?

. .:ftvеrlэ)

: : iП V€D)

: : I \.еrb)

b sа is aс iоn noun)b as ignmеnt nоun)b rеас iоn noun)

.оgrаph noun)b phо ogrаphiс аdjесt ivе)

\оtvIisten nd сhесk ouranswеrs.rасtisethе vords ith hе сorrесt trеss.

l ;еaking' _1

'

" ' . :". goingo ntеrviеw partnеr.mаginе ouеaсh

', ' = J ffеrеntob n whiсh ouhavе ееn еry' ' -.: .; . Vr itе uеstionso indoutаbout:

r :- .i l t l - lе оing thе job

.г..

). . ' lg/tvorst xpеriеnсе.апl v lifе/|fеstу|еl 's

n/lake he mostYourselff



i

", €,

lT:.

.j::.:1traditionalmagesf,Britainhiсh еtpеopleo

. Look t thеpiсtures. hatdiffеrеntmages f Britain o thеyshow?

What mages oyouhavе fBritain hiсh renot n thеpiсturеs?

he samplе

ho aeKТiсk /) thepointsn thе ist hаtmight ppеar n a writtеndesсription.о pеrsonaIее|ingsndеmotions. fасts nd igurеs. exp|anаtionsf who,whаt,

whеn, hеrе ndwhy

a

a

informa, onvеrsаtionа-tуpе|а guagе,.g. ontraсtionsstoriеsr nаrrаtivе

piсtuеs, rаwingsndl rdiаgrаms

havea better deaof whatBritish ifе s tike oday.z Manypeople hinkoГBritain nd mmediatetyhinkof London. igBen s an еxample f a сharaсteristiсmage f London. his sbeсause t s partof theHousеs f Parl iaй"n., r. ' ' .й ,.;;;.

tradition s wе[l s todayЪ overnment.ther ouristmagеs on,tsymbolisehewhote ountryn thеsameWay s BigBеn.Мanypeople hinkof a Br it ishmanwеaring dark uit uй .u,.;u;.; ,umbrella' hiсh s notvery ypiсathesedays.Howevеr,n umbrellais an mportantmage f Britain есausе tsayssomething bout heweather, hiсhpeoplе alkaboutaltthe ime. ther mportantimagеs re oodanddrink. ea s a traditionatmage, ut mostyoungpeopleow rinkmorеoffee.ritisheopletirr; . i".

"i ion,.'oсhips, owеVer,o thisappears o be oneof thebest epresеntations

oГ radit ionatr it ish ood.

3 Тhere remanyBritishmusiсians ndbandsandBritishmusiс spopular n manypartsof theworld. hеmusiсаl nstrumentsiveanidеaoi thе nfluenсе f musiс. port s аlsoan ,;.;;;;;ъieo witr,Britain eсausе o many portsor iginallyamе rom here. f,ootbaltis a better mage hana сriсkеt аtbeсause verybodyeсognisеsfootba[[.

4 Finallц oungpeoplehavean mportant art o play n British ifе, sdo pеopte rommanydifferеntultures.mages f youngpeople ndof a multiсulturaloсiety howhow аsсinating ritains todav.



uring Paregr.?ьс4 *Еаd hе dшbtirru Dесidewhiсh paragrаph, l-4,

foоrsсsomрйПse{.. \ сouпtrrof сuhurеsb British ulfurе odaус { morеассUгаtеmprеssion

d ТypiсаlIу ritish

Arоidiпg epetition\еt.еrwritе xасt|уhеsamеhingmorе hanonсеwhеn\tru rеwriting. rytоuse variеty f waуs f rеpеatingsimilаrdеas.

5 lоok аt thеsеphrasesrom hе dеsсription. hеysаysfuпilarhings boutwhat he magеsmеanbut nfrffеrеntways.Whiсh magеdoeseaсhphrаse efеr o?

1 ...stаndor .2 ...don't ymbolisе'.3 ... snot еrу ypiсa|..{ ...sаys omethingbout ..5 . . isа trаdit iоnaImagе ..6 .-. hеbеst еоrеsеntationf...7 ...givе n dеа f ...8 ... hаvе n mpo rtantart o p|ayn ... ...shоw...

Stсpsto hеttеr writing

Writingyour desсription9rainоtorming7 {),n пgroups'preparеo dеsign poster ndwritеa

desсriptionf yourсountry. isсuss hat magеs oushouIdnсIude ndwhy.Use hediаIoguе ox o hеIpyou.

JustifyingpinionsA Pеrsonollу, don,t hink ууe houldсhoose n imagеo{

a manwеаring dark uit nd arryingn umbrеl|a.B I agrеe. еt,s ot hove halbесаusеt'sa bit o|d-

fаshionеd,sn't t?С ln mу opinion,weshould nсludean imаgеof the

Housеs f Pаrliаmenteсousevеrybodyесognisеsthаt san magе f Br itain.

A I eel it ltlouldbe better o nсludеan imagеof howyoungpеop|еive. urеlу hаt,slthot tudentsWant o

see?B АbsoIutе|y.t,s eollу mportаnttonсlude hatkind

of imаgе.Thаt,s he kind of thingуoungpeopleсаnrеlаte to.

PlanningB Dесidе:

. how о ntroduсеourdеsсription.

. whiсh rdеr o put our есisionsn.

Ц|riting9 Usеyournotes o writе a desсription.

. Expandournotеsnto omplеtееntеnсеs.о Usе iffеrent aуs f saying hat oudесidеdndwhаt

thе magеsеprеsеnt'

LhocYing10 сhесk hatyouhave:

. used aragrаphso ntroduсеiffеrеntdеas.

. writtenhе ight mount 200-250 ords).

Ёзпtоnсо uildingC сomplеtеhе sentenсes ith nformationor a

dеsсription f yourownсountry.l [ lаny еoplеhink f ...and mmеdiateIyhink f ...2 l wou|d hoosеn magеn myсountrуikе ..3 -..standsor ..4 ...dоеsn't/don'tymbo|isеhеwho|еountrу'5 Ьlany еop|еhink fа .. manorWomаns ..6 '.. sa trаdit iona|magе f ...7 \ ееata |ot f ..8 Pеоp|еn mусountryistеno ...

9 our nаt ionalsports...l0 isa ...soсiеty.

(D



porteс|.imple nd paьtsimploWrite hеpаst impIe ndpastpartiсip|еsf thе vеrbs n

thесorreсt olumn.= bе u bеgin* bring* сomе* deсidе fа|l= find= forgеt* go ф know u lеavе* prоmisе rеmеmеr= sее s sing* 516p tеaсhu think " visit* wаsh= Writе

СompIеtеhе sеntеnсеs ith hе past implе r prеsеntpеrfeсt impIе f onеof thе verbs rom1 abovе.1 - you thеHаrdRосk afёwhеn ouwеrе

in Lоndоn?2 oh no - mуСamеrаthomе. саn't аkе ny

photos.Yоu ооk аnnеd. уoU аWay n holidаy?

Ethаn worriеdbоut is ppеaranсеor еаrs,butnowhе's uitе оnfidеnt.| - in pub|iсwiсе ithmусhoir.wаs еrуnеrvoUs.Niсk hiswа||еtn hе inеmа аst ееk.

you Brаd itt 's еw i|m?you tophonе usanаst ight?bеt ou

fоrgot

Сompletеhе dialoguеs ith hе most ppropriatеadverb.f morе hаnonе answers possib|е,ritеbothpossibi l it ies.

" аlrеady еvеr* just в nеVеr 51i|| }еt

1 .Нurryup, hе i|m as stаrtеd.'.Hаsаnуthingappеnеd?,

2 .HаvеуoU bееn nа photo hoоt?'

.No,|'vе bееn nonе, ut wеnt oа fаshiоnshow nсе.,

3 .HavеуoU seenMаtriхRе oаdеd?,

.No,I havеn,t',vе bookеdiсkеtsorSаturdауnight.'

4 .Hаvеyou inishеdurfinghе ntеrnеt?,.No,I havеn'tinishеd | - hаvеn'tound

whаt was oоkingor.,

Сomp|etееntеnсе of еасhpаirwith hе сorrесtormofthеvеrb. hеn omp|еtееntеnсе so t has hеsаmе

mеaning ssеntеnсе.1 a lt 's gеs inсе boughi; сi l раir f rаinеrs.:,.b I hвvpn't вuyht ilе,..-. ",''.'frаinеrsor аgез

2 а |t,s |ongimе inсе... tо hе inеma. :b Wе 1o hе ir lг: '

3 a It.s vеr Уеаr inсе ,r ,. a holrdai

babab

ab

It 's ours inсе е ..Wе anythlngoеаt ,It 's boutwomоnthsinсе -|-аhаirсul-

It,s еаr|уfortnightinсе usаl

. ' - .а l- l -tаtе

Susаn-mе-,,,

Proьon|Porfoс|wihhwhen,f, ar unti5 UndеrIinеhесorrесt ord o сomplеtе aсh епtеnсе.

1 Whеn/Untilou'vеinishеdlaуinghе .'^.]-.,. .J. ' .:сanlhаvеago?I'm ot еndingou nymorеmonеy у|lсr,, ' . , . -- еpаidmеbасk hеmonеу oU Wеmе.|'mnotgoing nуwhеref/unti lou,vео|d .. ... ...,.hlf/Whеnou,vе|rеadуееn hе i|m, е l$О ... ::-

somеthinglsе.Until/Whеnou,vеаkеn hеphоto,ouId.оL, .- .. .саmеrа асk o mе?l'| l ing ob f/unt i lyou,vеinishеd singhер[с

34

4

67

I

pаst impIe rеgularpаstpartiсiplеs

irrеgular аstpartiсiplеs

wаь/wor* bcen

?сeьen|.orfoс| implоandсontinuous6 Rеwritеhе sentеnсеso hе mеaningsthе samе.

,l It 's bout womonthsinсе stаrtеdtudyingphotogrаphy.I,vе ееn tudуing hвtogrвptзувr twomonthэ'

2 Mаndу oughthatoсsisСDуеstеrdауshеhаsn

stoppеd|ауingtMаndy аsn't ...3 Whеn idуоubuу hosеrаinеrs?

How ong...4 Тhе ast ime sаwmуgrаndparеntsаs tСhristпlаs.

I hаvеn,t..5 Ross аsn'tееn асhе|orа long imе.

It 's еen ...6 |t's оurs inсе аrrivеd t hе аfё nd 4oniсаt i||

hаsn't rrivеd.I'vе ееnwаit ing..



Reading7 кеad hе ехtаndmatсh еntеnсеs-d with

parаgrаphs_4.

Тhеphotographsаn llustrate

eitheran invеntеd toryor a doсumentаry'o

сrеatea photo-storyhе first stер s to write thе

outlinе, briefdеsсription f your dеаs or thе

doсumentary,r the plotof yourstory.

An еpiс alеwith а сastof

thousands ill bеvеryеxpensivеo set up.Asimple tory et n yourownnеighbourhoodnd

usinga few friendsсan bе vеry effeсtive.

Ifyouarеplanningo shoщ

for example, сraftsman t work, pend omе

time indingoutwhat hatpеrson,sypiсa ay s

likе.Altеrnatively,ou mightwant o photograph

a variety f people, or еxamplе our riеnds r

nеighbours,n thеirhousеso showhow different

thеyare.

Makе ure hаtyou have omе

сlose-up, еtаilеd hots ndsomebroаdеrpiсturеso givеvariеty. on'tworry f youсan't

drawvеrywеll,youonlyneеdan ideаof thе

сontеnt f eaсhphotograph.nсеyou'vеdonе

thе storyboard,ou're eаdy o tаke hе piсtures.

Еinally'when hе piсtures аvеbееndеvеloped,

stiсk hеm ntoyouralbum,аndwritеyourstory.

аb

Fоra doсumеntаrу,o somе еseаrсhеforеoU tаrt.Dоn'tmakеhep|ot nd еttingfyour torуooсоmpIiсatеd.An ntеrеstingrоjесtоranаmаtеurhotographеrs oсrеаtеhеkind f phоtostor iеshat rеpорulаrnmаgаzinеs.Nеxt, |аn our torуbоаrd,ndskеtсhhеpiсturesou

wiIl аkе.

Listening8 Q,., vouarеgoing o hеar ourspеakеrsаlking bоut

imаgе. есidеwhiсh peaker _4еxprеssеstаtеmеntsа_е.one stаtеmеntoеsnot it anyspеakеrSpеakеr ПSpеаkеr ПSоеаkеr П

Sоеаkеr П

A friеnd'sеrsоnа|itys morеmportanthan hеirappеаraсе.0n|y ttrасtivееop|еаnmаkе riеnds.|fyоuhаven't otquа|ifiсаtionsouwon,t еtа jоb

A good еrsona|ityаnhеlp еt ou ob.Appеaranсеs mоrе mportаnthan xаm еsuIts.

Writing9 writеa short rtiсle boutattitudеso appеaranсеn

yourсountry. sе hе olIowing lan o makenotes:

Introduсtiоn:Whоt mаgеs o mаgаzinеs ndаdvеrtismеntsortrау?Whаt our iеndshink

3 Your еrsonaIpinion

Т

:=:,'

:i,

bсde

4 Сonс|usiоn

Ф



Varbsаnd propositions1 (ompletе entеnсes_5withonеof thesе еrbs nda

suitаbIе reposition.Ф attraсtФ сreatе* еvoIvе" protесt providе,I Wеarеplеasedo bеab|е o - уou |ight

rеfrеshmеntsftеr hеmееting.2 What irst уoU thispart f thесountry?3 Тhis nusuаlutfit аs a we|l-knоwn

fashion ousе.4 P|еаsе еаr hеsе аrkg|assеso - yoursеlf

thеsun's аys.5 Тhеу aу hаt uman еings аpе-|ike

сrеаTuеs .

2 Matсh hе sеntеnсe еginnings-4 to theprepositionsbеIow. hеn omplеtehеsеntеnсesithеndings _d.

Ф аgainst by * to * with

Тhеpеrfumеk onewas rеatеdТhе udiеnсе еrе rovidеd|\4anyeop|еrеаttrасtеdТhе еsignеrеfеndedimsе|f

a thеg|amorousmаgе f he iIm ndustry.b сritiсismhathisсlothеsWеrеooеxpеnsivе.с thеdеsignеra|vin lеin.

d а programmеf hе аshionhow.Nagativо Pr9fix953 СompIetehе sеntеnсеs ith he negаtivеormof thеse

adjесtivеs. sе hе prеfixеs n-, n-, m., r-,dis-or il-.

о аttrасtive сIеar еXpеnsivе |еgaI* mature organisеd possiblе responsiblе

1 Thеphotographasblurrеdnd . We ouldn'tsееwhowаs n t.

2 |t's to bесоmе supеrmodеIn|еssou'rе еrУgood ooking.

3 l don't pеndots f monеу n с|othеs.usual|уuуthings hiсh rе4 lt sVery tо |еavеhе hi|drenitnout

supеrvisioneаr hеpool.5 Thе oungmanhad rаthеr sсаr n his hееk.6 Тhе onсеrt аs оmp|еtе|y. Nobody nеw

whereo buу iсkеtsor t.7 Somеmode|srе oo to rеa|isеhе isks

assoсiаtеdithworkingn hе аshionndustrу.8 ln Еng|аndt's tоdrivе сar Iуou,rеndеr 7.

ЦJord uilding4 Соmp|еtеhе еxtWith he сorrесtormof thе words n

braсkеts.Imаgеs mpоrtаntnmost rofеssions,ut omеobs utnlоrе пlрhаsisn1- (аppеaфhаn thеrs. obodуknoirshismorе hаn odiе е||еr,akе-uprIisIforoguеmagаziе,. l\4уwоrk nt,о|ts ot,еringp inу - (imperfесt)swеIl sсоmplеtеir, 'ransfоrmingасеs,,хp|аinsodiе.

For

me hеЗ- iаttrасt f hе ob s ts onstаnt-(vаrу)еасh hotо hооt rеsеntsnеW hа|lеngе.t anbеdemаndingt imеs, ut hе tуli stsrе еrу -(hе|p)andhеmodеIssuа|lуаt iеnt.hеwоrk do svеrу6- (сrеаtе)nd 'vеmаde p7

-(сount)асеs. ||

inаIl t 's 8- (wondеr)arееrl

5 (omplеte he sentеnсеs ith he сorrесt ormof thewords n brасkets.1 | hаd o аkе |оt f (photograph)quipmеnt

withmе o hе аshiоnhoоt.2 Nаdiа as n|y 5 whеn hе othеr irstmodе|ling

(сontrасt).З Jеnna ot lotof - (sаt isfy)fromеrwork sаn

а сhtесt.4 WhаtwаsSеаn's (reасt)o thеgood еws?5 Тhеmodе||ing (аssign)аs оr hrее aуs n a

bеасhn thеСаribbean.6 Тhе i|mwаs hugе (сommеrсе)uссеss.t

brokе lIbox-offiсеесords.

Phrаsal verb6

6 CompIеtеentenсеs1-7with hе сorrесtormof thesephrasal erbs.

* С?l.ГУn " drop utof * fa|| ehind ith u fа|| vеre $oonabout* gooutwith * livе p o

1 Jеssiсaесidеd сo||еgеnd rаveIoundhеwor|dоrа yеаr.

2 ТhеnеWspаpersIаimеdhаt hе upеrmodе| afamous сtor.

3 Thе th|еteаi|еd his еoutаtions hеworId,sbеst pri tеr.

4 Аmуdidn't njoyhе се-skatingrip. hе thrееtimеs.

5 Mаtt sоbsеssеdithhisnеwmotorbikе.есаnit orhours.

6 Grеg workingnti|midnight.ehаdan еXаmthе next ау.

7 tхАarkоokon too many аrt-timеobs оpаy or his

сo||еgеrainingnd oon his tudiеssa rеsu|t.

1234



жЖ&ffiffi%#ff ЖЖt,&t

А briеfhistoryThе troublеdhistoryоf ]rеlandbеgаnwith thе British nvаsionin thе twеlfthсentury. he Еnglishbесаmеmorе pоwеrfulаndinfluеntiаl n thе сountry,аnd а long historyof сoлf]iсtеnsued. n thе fifteеnth еntury,whеn Нелry VIJJ brokе аwayfrom thе Popе аnd Саtholiсism, е took сontrol оf сhurсhprоpеrty n ]rе]аnd. elаtionships еtwееnCаtholiсs ndProtеstаntsn ]relаndbесаmеdiffiсultаnd rеmаinеd о, withCatho]iсs enied hе rights hаtPrоtеstаnts n;oyed.rishСаtho]iсs upportеd ny аttеmpts o rе-еstаblish Саtholiсking

Look t hеmаpof IrеIandndanswеrhеquestions.

1 Whаtmаgеsf rеlandUrroundt?2 How UСсеsSfU|rе hе mаgеsn е|l ingеop|е hat

klnd f сountrуt s?

Rеad hе wo еxts bout hеRepubIiс f lre|аnd ndanswеrhе quеstions.

Теxt1 Whеn idBrit ishuIe еginn rеland?2 What аrt idHеnrу ||| lаyn hеAng|o-|гishonfl iсt?3 Whеn id rе|аndесomеnоwn s hеRеpubIiсf

Irе|аd?Iеxt1 Whо ashе|pеdo сhаngehе mаgе f Irе|аnd

intеrnationa|y?2 Who snowbеginningo disсovеrrеIand?3 What ind f сity s пub|inz4 Whеrе an oU ind hе rе|аndou еe n iIms?

on thе throneof Еnglаnd.АlI thеsееvеnts еd to сonfliсtsbеtwееnСаtholiсs nd Protеstаnts а situаtionwhiсh hаs

сontinuеdup tо thе рresentday n Northerл rеlаnd.]n l92l, ]relаndwаs dividеd iлto wo pаrts аnd Northеrn

]rеlаnd еmаinеd аrt of thе Unitеd Кingdom,whilе thе rеst o{thе slаndЬесаmе hе first ]rish Freе Stаtе, аtеrЕirе (in l937)'аnd finаlly hе Rеpubliсof ]relаnd n l949.

А wеlсоming magе]rеlаnd s no lоngеr hе poorеstсountry n Еuropе.Today it,sсool to bе ]rishаnd, hаnks o Thе Сorrs,Bоyzonе,.\y'еstlifеaлd |J2, mаgеsof ]rеlаnd rе ЛoWwеll known n populаrсulturеасross hе globе.Todаy,s rе]аnd s а mоdеrn,progrеssivе uropеаnnаtioлwhоsе есonomy s booming.Bu t

it is not oniy rish еyсs hаtаrе smiling аs morе аnd moretouristsdisсovеr relаnd or thеmsе]vеs.

Dublin s undоubtеdlyhe spiritualаnd сulturalhеаrt of thеЕmеrаld slе.Thе сity s riсh in histоry, rоm thе dаyswhеnСеltiс ribеswалderеd he pеаt bogs tо thе prеsеnt-dayrendybаrs аnd night сlubs'Е]sеwhеrе,he сitiеsof Соrk, Gаlwаy ndLimеriсk boаst hеir own сhаrms.Bцt it is out in thе roll ingсоuntrysidе hаt you саn find thе dylliс ]rеlаndof the moviеs.

Tаlking bout ourсountry

Answеr hеsе uеstionsbout ourсountrу.1 How oеs hеhistoryf hеRepubIiсf Irеland

сompare ith hаt fyour wn ountry?2 Whаt inds f hings ffесthеесonomiсituat ion

whеrе ou ivе?3 Howmаny ig it iеs rе hеrеnyour oUntrу?4 Whаtmаgе oуou hink еоp|еn hе еst f hе

worId аve fyour ountry?5 Whаt ourist ttrасtionsould oU есommеndo а

visitoroуour оuntry?

Ф



arаppitтessDisсusshеsе uеstions.. Сanwе еаl|vеаrnobеhаppy? hy/Whyоt?о Whаt inds f hings аkе ou ееlhаppy?

Rеad ndсomp|еtеhequеstionnаirеn happinеss.hen aywhаtyou hink hе sсores how bout ourattitudеo Iifе.

А group f Аmеriсan syсhiatristsэе|ievеshat appinеssanbe |еarnеd,raсtisedandappliеdo anysituat ion.ivе yoursеIfsсore/na sсale f 1.1 , orеaсhоuеst ion.

Аs you go through hе day,do you aсtiveIy im to be as happyas possiblе?Do you takе еsponsibiI itуor your Iifе?Do you makеa pointof doingonе thingwhiсh makеs ou happyeaсh day?Do you work through rolэ|emsnd gainknow|edgеrom hеm?Do you givewithoutwanting nythin8 n rеturn?Аrе уou honеstwith voursеIf nd othеrs?

,Е'..y "-"g l promisе ysеlf,mgоing. 11:i91"^:d"".i.

jo"'n,..'u..er if my f|аtmatе аs usеd all thе ho t

*ut"r., u train s сanсеlIеd, r l havе a problemat WorK.

й;;.";"; happеns,happеns. just еt the negative hings

*o unа .г'inкof the things hаtmаkemе fееlgood, ikе the

йuu .v flаtmatе аn аIwаysmаkеmе lаUgn.

Тhе intеntion o Lt е

сan havе' Withoutbad things n l ifе.

happy is thе most powеrfu| ool you

it, i i,sЪasу o bе ovеrwhelmеdby the

iiТlТiЁ":fli#й;ты";;s*ffil:,#;у.Т.:ff o*'P,J:

l,. i й;:' ;; ;hat thu htgoroursеlves

"й."',-Ъl;

tvеryonе аimеddownаnd we

@t,s mportant o hаve сontrol over your own lifе, rather*1 "Т:Ё,J#::";"ffi;:у,ш.ll";"xi],j

Reading

r/ Mаtсhing

.J Тhеwordsn hеquеstiоnSауnotbе hе аmе s hosеin hе еxt. еаd асh аragrаphаrеfu||уndundеrIinеthе nformаtionhаt ivеsоu hе orrесtПSWеr.

З Read hе exts nd answеrhеquеstions'

Whiсh еrsоnn hе аsе tudiеs.1 сou|dn'tompеteith omеоnеhеу оvеd?2 dесidеdoаdopt morе du|t pproасho hings?3 didn'tWanto асе p o hе ruth?4 rеfusеdо аkе аrt nsomеthing?5 nеvеr ad sing|еrееmomеnt?6 isnotbotherеdy hеdiff iсuIt iеsf еvеrуdаyifе?

Whiсh сt ion |аn uggеstshаt ou:7 shouldn'tut hеb|аmеn othеr еople?B shouIdhаngе diff iсu|tituаtionnto ne hаt еaсhеs

уou omеthing?

9 shouldmаkе dесisionot o bеаffесtеdу henеgаtivеidе f ifе?10 should еgеnеrousutnotеxpесtny еward?11 shоuIdeаb|еo admit ow ou ее|?,l2 shouldn'tutоffdoing hingsouwant odo?



l -. ..: i I ovеwork, ast ar lfеlt .... i l irasdrowning.

. - -i*"ntty ushing round lаk;rs urе'еvеrуthing

ran

-. .- l, ,.Тhеn startеdrainingоr а nlarathon,nd l

. .+cho' 'vmuсh nеесjесl опlе iпlе o mуself. dесidеd

- э сlеfinitely eеp runnln:'. t чir 'еsmе a сhanсе to

. ::е аnd thinkalэoutmr,sеl;о: a сhаnge.,

thеr,do things they еnjoy.Тhеу

\еithеr shouldyou.

Voсa u aryЕxprosэing eet.ingь4 ln pairs, isсusshеmеaningsf thеphrаsеsn tа|iсs.

Тhеn omplеtеhе sеntеnсеssing ourownwords.1 Pеop|еrе omеtimеsothonеst ith hеmselvеsbout ..2 Pеoo|е fIenеsеnthе асt hаt ..

3 Itdоеsn't attеromе bothеr е f4 I somеtims osеmу еmpеr hеn ..5 | neverееloverwhеlmеdу ...6 Iam somеtimеsorrifiеdу '.

Ц|ords hatgo togethar5 кеad he еxts nd сomp|еtеhe phrasеs itha suitаble

vеrb.l to2Io3to4to5to6to7Io8to

any ourown

if wеаrе аrеfuIot omаkе nу

i

.r

i:

.l.

- .::.. ' pеople makе surе. rrаit orneхt еаr.

:.€r€ had a grеat еlаtionship ith my mother, o lwas.' . =d r,hen hе movеd ntomy f|at or a whi|е.Wе startеd.- -. immеdiatеIy.hеn lreal ised lwas lэehavins ikеa

s] \\,e at down and talkеdabout thе past orihu fi,,t.. : lot of еmotiona| hingswеre saidbut t reallyс|еarеd

:..

\оrv We сan getalong.,

mе |augn

а сonsсious есis ionсontroI Vеr

dеfеnsivеsmoothlуthе аlrwrong.s go Wrong/you сan turn thе problеm into an_-l;tr '. Еven sеrious problеms саn lэе turnеd into.. .q mеaningfuIf you arеprеpared o lеarn rom hеm.

p еssuisеd

6 Nowсomp|еteеntеnсеs_7with hе сorreсtormof thеphrasesn 5 abovе.1 Pеoplе ftеn whеn hеу rе skеdo1ustifyhеir

асt lons.2 Dаvid |ast ееk owork аrdеr ndpаss is

еXams.Doyou eal|уhinkwеdеstl у?Еvеrуthingi l|-mistаеs .

)6

Don't orrу f hings I,| l е hеrеo hе|p ou.Plеаsеon,t а|l hеwork ouhavе o do. ust oit whеn ou ееI ouhаvеhе imеPаt nd imhаd nаrgumеnttwork ut grееdo havеа drink ogеthеrust o '

Сhoosе nе of thе statеmentsеIow ndsaywhyyouаgrее/disagrееith t.. |\4oneуаn'l uуhаppinеss.. HаppinеsssnoIаughing аttеr.. Тhеhаppinеssf soсiеtуs hееndofgovеrnmеnt'

- ..si started oing out with my girlfriend,Wе Wеre

. :., ng prеsentsor eaсh othеr. he prob|emwas that

. . -...,.Ь morе money than me so her prеsеntsWеrе

. .=. lеlt prеssurisеdo buy somеthing'o{qualvaluе. ]:] Ljl] еalIу еsеntingt.Еvеntua||y,Jostmy tеmpеr

. -еr that i had to siop.We stil l eхсhangеgiftsbu t

.... l пr mоre |ikеlу o spoi|hеr with a home-сookеd

@. :ir,е o othеrs, o you alwayse-xpeсtomеthingn

- .оl.lgivе оpenly,honеst|y nd from the heart, ou. .- l ikеly o bе happy.

. nарp\/n a rеlationship ith a gir l fr iend aсJ had. .^< ]mе. kеpt е|l ingmyself hing:s ould improveаs shе got а bеtter ob, or *Ъ ,p"nt morе time

' -. .j::I-Tea,long timе to tэеhonеstwith mysеlf--, -ееlln85tor her. ,d prеtendеd hat wе werе thе

-.- 'Diе f: ' j9o long.Brеaking p Was ealLy ardbut.. . - l 'gе rеIiеf.,

. .=i lr,ith),oursеlf s a vitаl step on the road to.... f.еtеndin8you arе happywhen you,." not only: -. l]епrs.

€



Gеrunds nd infinit ives

lQuiсl<quiz

1 Rеad еntеnсеs-3 and dесidе f thеgеrundn itаliсs:a is he ubjeсtf hе entеnсе.b is hеobjесt f а sеntеnсе.с сomеs ftеr prеposition.

,l |'mquitе оod t running.2 Runnings vеrygoodеxеrсisе.3 l еnjoy unning.

2 Сorrесthe mistakеsn these еntеnсеs.nе sеntenсе

is сorrесt.1 Didyouenjoу ogo o thесinеmааstnight?2 |\/уаthеrs ryingogivе p o smokе.3 I'm оokingorwardogoing n ho|idаyothеStаtеs.4 Hаvе ou inishеdo еаtyourdinnеr?

Doyouеnjoy oing o sсhooI? еsсribе hаtуouсonsidеrto bе а typiсal oodor baddayat sсhooI.

Оq|z,lYouarеgoing o hear omеonеalking boutwhat s happeningn somе сhooIs owadays.istеn nd

сompIеtеhe notеs.

oгigin { he doa i iniroduсingl into оsьonь

шa1 t2

ьuгpгisodo7

,L

ii 5tud9nt5 аn .

сhaосeьI5 aro groaler,

hоloь сonсantгаtion,

holpь otteг,-

Vэrbs follouedb1 gэrundsor infinilivea5 Put heverbs n the сorreсt oIumn, ссordingo whеther

thеyare oIlowed y а gеrund r аn nfinitive.

аfford аgrее arrаngе аvoid саn't tаnd сonsidеrdесidе dеny еnjoy fаnсy finish givе p hеIphopе imаginе manаgе (don,t) ind missprасtisе promisе putоff rеfusе risk want

Цnitоd tates:

Еffocl o| thiэ on lcэьonо:

?oaс|ionьof visilorв:

/.onсluaion:

Сomplete entеnсеs _6With he сorrесt ormof thе vеrbin braсkets.

1 Weсan,t fford a nеwТV. buy)2 | don'tmind- grаmmаrut somеtimеsind tdiffiсu|t.study)

3 Dоyou anсy- out onight?go)4 Thе еaсhеrеfusеd uswhеn hе еstwas. tеl|)5 Mybrothеrаs ivеn p- (smokе).6 |\4аrtinrrаngеdo a biсyс|е.bоrrow)

GerunАьaf|or prepositions7 СompIеtehе sеntenсesn yourownwords sing neof

thesе repositionsnda gerund.

',, n,,

ofi,

on,i

to.

with.I Nobodyn my аmi|уs ntеrеstеd..2 I'm irеd ..3 СhiIdrеnеt orеd...4 Marуs еdup ...5 N4уriеndsnd аrе еry ееn ..6 We rе || oоkingorwаrd..7 |fyouwork ard,'m urе ou,|Iuссееd..8 Wе ou|dеnt vidеo nstеad..

Ь сhangon meaning

8 some erbs hangen mеаning hen olIowed y аgerund r an infinitive.ookаt thеexampIеsndanswerthequestions.

rеmеmbеrWhiсh f hе еntenсеsе|ow еans:a уoU emеmbеromethingаppеning?b youdidn'torgеtodosomеthingoup|annеdodo?

I ramamber honingMаriа.l ramomberedo phoneMаriа.

nеedWhiсh f hе еntеnсеsе|ow еans:a it s nесеssаryhat omеthingsdonе?

b it snесеssаrуormе o do something?I need to ьoo tho doсtor.Му hаir needs сutting.

rеgrеrWhiсh f hе еntеnсesе|ow еans:a l 'm orrУ bout hаt did?b |'m orry bout hаt аmgoingo е|| оu?

I regrot to sау thаt l hаvan,tdone tho worK.l regrat eplitting uP withmу boуfriond.

UУWhiсh f hе еntеnсеsе|ow еans:

a l triеd o do somеthingiffiсu|tutwasunsuссеssfuI?b I attеmptеdo do sоmеthingo sееwhаtwou|d аppеn?l triod to opan ha window ut it wавstuсK.lt wаs эo hot in the room. I tried oponing hawindow ut it didn't help.

Verbs IwаysolIowеdby а gеrund

Verbs IwаysoIlowеdby аn nfinitivе

Ф



i - ".-r,:i . l t init ivas

-: --5'Ёrf iпit ir.еs:

.: .. - ]l nlеПtlon r pu posе-^. : э iou buу thаt diсtionаrу?

-i . l;;. ne with mу Еngl ish.' . : :, ,]s.OПWord n аn indirесt uestion:

":: :nоu|d sау?' 'Tel l me whаt aвd '."; : .:l оf а vеrb.

... " ьh1t to do.,

.: * р еtе hеse entеnсеs singаn infinit ivе nd any

.":.r nесеssаrу ords. ou may need o сhаngе hе

' : ' js in the sеntenсe.

Еlапplе

'.r i: сdn I buу а r*dio?,i ': ' ' doeэn,tKnow whоre to buу а rаdio.

' rаlI аsk orwhеn е|еphonе?'аlts to know

l ng о tа|y еХt ummеr.'.аsdесidеdэiаv hеss.'.аs |еаrnе0"lsеdо bеаb|е o сountnJapanеsе.'.аn.t еmеmbеrs hеway ou еnd nеmаil. '

'., d Pеtеr.t shou|dgо orhе|p?,t knоw

lnsomеAmеriсansсhools, laughtеrisbеingtakensеriously

as a mесhanism or inсrеasingmotivationand 1-

bеttеr studеnt/ tеaсhеr relationships.Sсhoolsare using

Iaughter2 ,==-thе resultsof thеir students.Thе

findingsof rесеntrеsearсh nto how studеnts еarn has

helpеd з-еduсation

еxperts hat humour is a good

thing.Aссording o Dr 5аm Barnes,a leadingеduсation

еxpеrt: Laughtеr ovеsсrowds,and сrowdsIovе aughter.

Whilе thе personaladvаntages fa

==--funat sсhool

are obvious, he еduсationalbеnеfitshavе not been

rесognisеd.Studеntshavеto work hаrd a|l the timе and

5-a

studеnt an bе еxtremelyеdious.

But now they look forward to 6 ---.----_--o sсhool. Тhey

еnioy 7 in an atmosphere ike this and Wеare

g"i.ing bеtter rеsults n еxaminations.'

onthе othеrhand,humourhas o be handled

сarе{ully.Whatonе pеrsonsееsa5a oke, anothеr may find

of{ensive nd еmbarrassing.t's not simply a questiono{

8-teсhniques

from othеr сountriеs: dеas havеto

bе adaptedto fit рartiсuIarsituations.

;ii

ti

"

ii

. .:: -.;оn5 ьsd uith g9гund6

' . ' :-:ss nswithrсаn еusеd ith еrunds.;::р i65

.. . .' .ееitlg,. ,',оrrуingbout hеехоm.

-:mр|еtе еntеnсеs_5with heсorrесtormof onеof..sе rеrbs.

' . rоmplаin hаvе tUrn wаtсh- . :-.nt lеss оn hе еlеvision.t sn'tworking.. ; rluisаnсе to сус|еo sсhoo|'spесiа||уhеn] "l П Пg.

: . ] L]5е mе or аkе,shonе umbеr.'vе ost- ' : ldrеss ook.. . э gоod if nobodуsgoingo |istеn.

. . ..,гth thе ilm fyou njoу сiеnсеiсt ion

Lеt'saсtivateLiKes and dlsliкоe

Think bout hrее hings ou ikе r ovе oi ng nd hrееthings oudon't ikе or hаtеdoing.Write Iist f thesеon a piесе f papermixing pyour ikеs nddisIikеs.npairs, xсhangeour ists ndаskquеstionso find outabout ourpartnеr'sikes nd disIikеs.

Thоright vrordСompIetеhе extusing gеrund r an nfinitivеormofthеwordsbеlow.

bе Сopу еnсouragе havе go improvеpеrsuаdе studу

.:.......1:t'-..,.t1.,,.,,rtt"""'''.....,at":':".-...,,:::""""a1t::::ttl:""'

*Ф&Фs*



Dеsсribendnamе heсitiеs n thepiсturеs. hiсh fthеsе itieswouId ou ike o visit?Whyz

Read hе stаtеmеntsnd deсidеwhiсh itvor сitiеs асhonе dеsсribеs.' l Thеrе rеoVеr 00 hеatrеsеrе.2 Тhе ity opuIationsmorе han ivеmi||ion.

3 Thе ity ies n hеbаnks fа rivеr.4 Тhis sа сapitа|ity.5 Thеrеsan s|andn hеmidd|еf ts ivеr.6 lt s nеar omе amous аthinяеасhеs.

Eхаtlttга'.t,'-',gt

Truе r aIsе uеstionsYoumay hink Statеmеnts ruе есаusеt сontainsphrasеsrom hе еХt. Ut,fyou istеnarеful|y,oUmауfind t doеs othаvе hе аmеmеаninяs hе еxt.

4 сC6Jz.зYouarеgoing o hеаrTomTurnеr, n AustrаIian,talking bout isnеw ifе n Paris. irst ' еad hroughstatеmеnts_6.Тhеn isten nd deсidеwhеthеrhеstatеmеntsrе ruе T) r false F) .1 П Tomnееdеdpесiа|rаiningo bеа pеrfumеr.2 П Тombеgan isnеW arееrn Pаris.З П Hе oundhе аnguаgеiff iсu|tt irst.4 П Hеprеfеrsо еII еop|ее,s renсh.5 П Tоm sа non-smokеr.6 П Тom's riginа| ontraсtаs orа fixеd imе.

5 Inpairs,аkе urns o askandanswеrhesе uеstionsnHаdIеy rееman nd TomТurnеr.When ouhavеfinishеd,ompаrе ouranswеrso thosе f anothеr аir.Had|еy rееman'l Whеn oUmoVеоаnothеrоuntry,hаt oyouhаvеo

gеtusеd o?2 How id Hadleуry o bесomе orеikе hеЕng|ish?3 How idHadIеy'sistеropеwithmovingo аnothеr

сou trу?4 How оеsHаd|еyее| bout еr dеntityow?

ТomТurnеr] How idТom еthis ob n Pаris?

2 Whаt аs ifе ikеn hе irst ixmonths еspеnthеrе?3 Whаt oеs еnоt ikе omuсh bout аr is?4 Whу аs еdесidеdo stаy hеre?

Listening

3 66.|z.z ouаrеgoing o hеarHad|еy rеeman,nAmеriсan,a|king boutmovingrom NewYork oLondon. isten nd number ommеnts _е n thеоrdеrin whiсh ou hеar hеm l_5.

а П When wеnt o |ivеn Frаnсe,bеganohаvеmorесonfidеnсеn mуsе|f.

b П l сhoseo study subjесt hiсh ou|d rovеwаsrеа||yngIish.

с П Youhаvе o ассepthаtpeop|eindyour oUntryаmusing.

d П |soon eа|isеdhаt wou|d avеo bе hе amе sеVеryonе|sе.

е П I oundt diff iсultoget idof mуАmеriсanссent.

.:/ ordеringnformаtion

J Bеforеоu istеn,еad hroughhе tatеmеntsarеfuI|уso hаt ou nowwhаt ind f nformаtionou rеIistеningor. еmеmbеr,hеwords ouhеarmight еdiffеrеntrom hosе n thеstatеmеnts.

ф&



5pеaking6 ,53:. ln grоups. isсtlss шеstiоns _5 bеlow.Usе hе

:. оEuеboх o hеlp оl-l .. *-. ', . . .--.,l . . . . , . . . . ,--..С iоurfаmiIуwеntto|ivе

- .;.. i| lЁ. .-.,-... ., s..П timе/pеrmаnеnt|y?

-.з. i\]'] []":., -- s-. € . lаppyto eаvе еhind?Why?

: .з-.

ir l .JD--.jа],.-Iаgеsmightуouhаvе n yournеW

-- .- i 'r l, .z.-jokеsсо rоu thinkpеop|еmightmаkеаbout our

-. ' i rr '? \hr?1 - - i lеоplе n уourсountrу аvе tеrеotypiсaImagеs f

' .:r соuntriеs? hat rе hеy?

:t;lтеssingwo pointsof view

' , u hink оuand our аmi|y i|| Vеr oаnd ivе- ;-othеr ountrу?. , ontheonеhаnd t might еpossib|е,uton thе

:thеr аnd,t 's nIikе|y.hаt bout оu?a сoursе,'d ike o think t might аppеn, ut ,m\at surе it еvеrwi||. hеre'sodoubt hat t wouId.. ..еrеst ing,butit might equitе iff iсuIt,oo.

* l .;ь-baьoddisсusэion

] ;гшsshеsе uestions.. ' . . а е hеpеop|еn hеpiсtuеs oing?

- -:. imagеsfg|obaIisаt iono heу how?. - :. dо hеhеаdIinеsuggestoуou?

] ... саnbеdonе o he|p еvе|opingountr iеs- ' .. dаvs?

5 Soundbites -:=0nо Viaion

8 d),' Listеn o one Visionby Queеnand сompletethеwords.

0nеmаnonеgoa| nеmission,0nеhеаrt nе ouIust nе.0nе lash f Iighteаh nеgod nе ision.

Оnе leshonеbonе,onе ruе еligion,Оnеvoiсе nеhope, ne lеаr есisionWowowowoimmе nеvision.

Nowrong o ight,| 'm onnaе|| ou hеrе,sobIaсkndnowhitе,Nob|ood ostаin,А||wеnееdsonе onе |s|on

Оnе lеshonеbonеonе ruе еligion,Оnе асе nеhopе nе lеаr есision

Wowowowoеаhwoуеоhwoуеаh

I had drеam,Whеn Was oung,А drеam f swееtIIusion,А glimpsеf hopе ndunity,And isionsIonе wееl nion,Butaз-blows,Andа,-fаIls,And n mуhеаrtt shows,Look hаt hеy,vеonе o mydrеam.

0nеvision ogivеmеуour аnds,Givеmеyour- ,Thеrе'snly nеdirесt ion,Oneworld nеnаtiоn,еаh nе isionNо hatе o ight,ust xсitаt ion,A|| hroughhеnight,t 's u

Wowowowoеаh

Оnеtеshonеbonеonе ruе еligion,Оnе oiсе nеhopе nе leаr есisiongimmе nеnight imme nеhеаrtjustgimmе immе imme nе ision

9 Answеrhеquestions.1 Whаt ind f visions hеgroup ingingbout?2 Whаt rеаm id hе еаd ingеr avе hеn е

was oung?3 Whаt appеnеdohisdrеаm?4 How еаlisti сoyou hink his is ion f hеworld

might е?

i;it

{

;

?

*: "CIVеmentnsЕ. ca dof ivingr -; toworldrade

Chеap food -who pays?

ф



*sry

-'a=T;

ъ.?,;#.

'} Look t thеpiсturеsndаnswеrhequеstions.

1 Whаt е|еbrаtionsrе аking |асе?2 How opеop|ее|еbrаtеhеsе ссasiоnsnУoUr

сou try?3 ln Britаin, hеnwopеоp|ееtmаrriеd,hеy ftеn

се|еbrаtееforеhеwеdding ith .hеn,(аll irIs)r.stаg'(a|| oуs)аrtу.s his ommоnnуоur ountry?

Stшdyinghе sampleUndоrstandingha asКЭ Rеad hе еxtandput he nformаtion_f n thесorreсt

ordеr.gnorеhеgаps.а П Тhеprob|еmshе riеnds аdаftеrhеv'dound

саmps|теП Whаthе riеnds idbеforеoingos|ееpП Whаt ind f nighthеy pеntn hе еntП How hе riеndsеlt bouthеhеnpаrtyП Whаthе riendsmаginеdhеhеnpаrtу ouId е

IikеП Why hе iеnds rgаnisеdhе аmping ееkеnd

Using adverbь

з Сomplеtеhe еxtbу putting nе of thеsе djесtivеsnеaсh аp1_10.

еnthusiаst iсаlIyvеntuа||уееbIy gеnt|уhurr iеdlу roniсаlIуmisеrаbIy pt imist iса|lуstеadi|уunfortunаtе|у

A€ € *##€#Юtrаflэ*t

€ " /ao*with a#эAfl*r#Ef*

Sаrah, ane, ueandIhаdbeen riеndsoryeаrs, o' whenJane nnounсedhеwasgettingmarried, . u*,uuowe wouldorganisе henpartywith'а ifferen.u. u u.,uig;oа сampingweеkendn NorthWales.We1_*_-- imagined,no.n*beautifulpot n hemountains,itсhingu, еntЬyа -flowing rivеr' ndсooking upper n a саmp ire.

2

on thedaywe eft, hеweаther hangеd. еarrivеd,tirednd rritable,ustbefore Unset n пiJuyЪu.nins. , itwasdrizzling .'--.-_-,we deс.idedhat he bestptaсe o sleepw0utd ea proper ampsite ith aсitities.

5-.-.--, wе foundoneon theedgeof a forest. freratremendoustruggle, emanagеdo put he еntUp, hеnheadedora сelebrаtory eal n thenearest ub.

Тhree ours atеr, еWere ittingn the ent, istening ---.--- to the аinbeating ownon theсanvas.Don,tyoujust ove he ound f rаin na tent?,Sarahommеntеd7 =_=_-aswe got eady o go osleeo.

Аfter neof themostunсomfortableights have ver pentin myentireife,we 8-.---._--aсked p he nеXtmorning ndmadеourwayhomе. few potsof rain an,t ampenmyspirits,'said.lane _-_ .|t,sbeen he best .lurlunyаnyoneсouldwish orJ'Тheest f ussmiled 0 unl ,uianothng.

bсdе

a.a=



Stеps o betterwrit ing\rlritingn a suitable tlle4 Whiсh f thе oIIowing ight е nс|udedn a story?

. qUotеsrom irесt pеесh

. сo|ourfuIосаbuIarу

. hеаdings

. amUsingr ntеrеstingvеntsо impеrsonа|orms. dеsсr ipt ionsf ееlings. fоrma| xprеssiоns

5 Sсаn hе eхtand ind еxampIеsf thepoints ou iсkedin4.

Uвingg9rund66 Сomplеtehеsе еntеnсes ithа suitаbIe еrund.

1 |wаs еa||yxсitеd bouI oing o thеwеdding.

2 Wе maginеd ourmеals utofdoorsn hе

mou tains.3 Wе inishеd Up hе еnt,hеnwеnt o hе

nеarеst ub.4 WеgavеUp to сook mеaloutof doors.

UsingprosоntPar|liсiPtroьWе anoftеn ombinееntеnСеssing prеsеntart iсip|е.

EхаmplеWoваt in thepub. Wa аte hаmburgore.Wo ьаt in lhe pub, aаtinghаmburgar;.

7 Usepresеnt artiсipleso сombinееntenсes4 and

sеntenсеs_d.1 Wеdесidеdogoсаmping.2 Wеdrovеo hесampsitе.3 Wеputupour еnt.4 Wе at |osеogеthеr.

a Wе istеnеdo hе аin n hе еnt.b We аng sWеWent.с Wе houtеdnstruсtionso еасh thеr.d Wе houghtt wou|d ееxсit ing.

Using ha simplоpaьtand |ho preьentarfoсtшith

6uPerlatives8 Rеwriteentenсеsl_5using he simp|е аst, hе prеsеnt

perfесt,nd a supеrIativе.

Exаmplel ьpen|4 ver unсomforIаbl9 ight'It wав ho moзtunсomfortаble ight hаvaovar эpont'

1 I hаd vеrуong ournеу.

2 l аtе rеa|IvxpеnsivееaI.3 |sаw vеry аd oаd ссidеnt.4 I drove |ongn еxtrеmе|уumpу oаd.

5 Wеhada rеа|lуood

е|еbrаtion.

.{a: ll.llrl.:l,,

Planning9 Prepareo writea story ntitIеdAсeIebrationitha

diffеrеnсe.'есide, nd makеnotes bout:о what ind f се|еbrat iоnoU rеgoingowritе bout'

е.g. wеddin8' pаrty,n outing.о аt whаtpoint ouarеgoingo start hеstorу.o whаt nformаtionасh arаgrаphhouIdontain,.g.

thеrеаsonor hееvеnt,hееvеnttsеlf,our еасtions

to thееvеnt.. who

ouwiIl nс|udеn hе tory.

о what iсturеou ouldnс|udеf hе е|еbrat ion.

Цtritingт s Use ournotes o writеa storу 200_250 ords). xpand

yournotеsntosеntenсеsddingmoredеtails. sе hesеideaso hеIp ou'. l Your xpесtationsf hееvеnt pеrhapsоudidn't аnt

to go?).2 What appеnеdеforеhееvеnt maybеоmеthing

wеntwrong?).3 What аppеnеduringhееvеnt.Did omеthing

amusingссur?)4 How ou е|t boutt aftеrwardswаstan ntеrеsting

еxpеriеnсе?).

LhecYingt 1 (heсk hatyouhavе:

. organisеdour toryn parаgrаphs.

. inс|udеd|l hе mportantеtailsfуour torу.

. mеntionеdееlingsnd eaсtions.

. writtеnhе ight mount 200-250 ords).

Writingyoшrstory

Making ourwritingmorе nterestingTry o makе oUr toryntеrеstingor herеаdеr. akе t

amusing,urpr ising,r horrifуingусontrastingour

еxоесtationsf hееvеntwith hееvеnttsе|f.

Ф



Gorundь nd infinitivэs1 Сomplеtеhеsеntenсеs ith hе сorrесtormof thеsе

vеrbs.* сomе drУu go* phоnе p|ау surt irе tе|l usе,l Сlаrе аntеd |\4atthеw'ut hе iпешаs

еn8аgе0.Mаria аs o praсtisе thеprеsеnt еr.fесtbесаusеhе i nds tdiffiсU|t.Thе xplorеr аnаgеd in hе Lrnglеоrmonths.

4 Niсk njoys bаskеtbаll.е's аptаinf hеsсhooIеam.

5 Whеn аskеd ouisеbоuthе есrеt.hе еfusео

6

8

Hаvе ouеvеr onsidеrеd to un VеrsIty7Amypromisеd- homе еfоrе idnight.Aftеr uе аd inishеd hеrhаir, hewеnt o hеpаrkwithhеrboyfr iеnd.

Verbв olloшed1gоrundв г infinitivоs2 СompIеtеhesе еntеnсeso hеуarе ruе oryou.Use

eithеr gеrund r an infinitivе.1 l еnjoу...2 |сan't tand ..

3 | 'm ood t. ' .4 l hatе ..5 I,d ikе. ' .6 | 'm ookingorwardо ...7 l 'm еd pwith .8 Idon'tmind ..

Pхсhangon meаning3 Сomplеtеhe sentenсеs ith heсorrесt orm gerund r

infinitive)f the word n braсkеts.1 .Didyou еmembеr- (br ing)hеbеaсhowеI?,

.No,I didn't ' ut brought уswimsuit.'2 | rеmеmbеr- (gо) n hо|idаyo Austrа|iаhеn

was сhild.

4)6

.Arеyоugoing ut onight?'

.l саn't. nееd- (rеvisе)ormуехаms.'N4y ikеnееds- (fix).tЪ ota punсturе.I rеgrеt (tеl|)rеdhеwаs n diot.I rеgret (inform)oU hаt ou'vеаilеd ourdrivingеst..Myсomputеrsn't оrkingropеr|y.,.Hаvе

уou riеd- (rеstаrt)t? ,l,vе ееn rying- (phonе)|аrеinсе ixo'с|oсk,

but hеrе'st i|| о rеply.

GorundьaftоrProPo6itiona4 Rеwritе еntenсеs_6.Usеа gerund nd hеwords ivеn.

ЕхвrnplеMаtt е||s,jokesеrywе|l 'Не rпаkеs eоplе аugh.Matt s goоdаt tollingaKaв and maкingpooplo аugh'

'1 | didn,t o о thеpartу,stаyеd t homе.lnstеаd f -

2 WhеnGrеg.passеdisеxаms, еwеnt о univеrsitу.Aftеr

3 Rасhе| as nnoуed hеn he ost еrmobilе honеRaсhеl asn,t IеаsеdbоutZoё еаd book, hеn hеWеnt obed'BеforеA|thoughе ost hеgаmе, аuI asn,tpset.Inspitе f

6 Kаrl ikеsеnnis. е's lwауs Iаyingt.Kаr| s kееn n

Other u6o6 of infinitivae

5 Rеwritеhеse entеnсеssing n nfinitivе nd makingаnyotherneсessaryhangеs.1 .Howсаn sеnd tеxtmеssаgе?'

Sеаnwantеdо knоw2 .Wе'rеgoingo||еrb|аdinghiswееkеnd.,

Wе,vе есidеd3 .I 'msееrng isаtonght.'

|'vе rrаngеd4 .t iоnahas аssеdеidr ivingеst. '

Fionа as еаrnеd5 .Whоshou|dask

l nееd o knowforhе|p?,

6 .Тhisis how ouplаy hе omputеrаmе.,

Тinа hоwеd /ark7 .Whеrесan buу n MP3p|ayеr?'

Niсkwаsn'tUrе8 .l 'mgoingoс|imbhаtmountаinl,

Lizwаs etеrminеd



Speaking6 ln pairs, асh hoose diffеrent hotograph.esсribеhe

photograph.hinkabout hе еvеnt ndhow hepeopIеare ееIing. hеnaskуourpаrtnеr:. whеthеrhеу аvе ееn o a simi|arvеnt.. |f vеs'how hеv е|t b outt.. |f no'whеthеrheуwou|d njoyt or not ndwhу.. whУ hink еop|еo o еVеntsikе his.

Writing7 writeabouta timеyouWеnt o а fеstivaIn yourсountrу

or n another ountry. se hеsе uеstionso hеIp ou.

1 Whеrе id t akе |асе?2 Whаtwas t се|еbrаting?3 Whаt appеnеd?4 What idyоuenjоу bоutt?5 WouIdoU есommеndoingo t?

[istеning8 6),." Listеn o somеonealking bout pproaсheso

happinеssnd dесidе f thе statеmentsre ruе Т) rfа|sе t) .

1 П optimists еrform еttеrhanpеssimists.2 П |thеlpso bеhonеst ndadmitwhеn ou rеnot

fеeIingappy.Pеssimistsаkеmistаkesесаusеhеy maginеthings i l lgowrong.AmeriсansyсhoIogistsе|iеvеositrvеhinkingmakеs оuhаppy.Worrуing аkеs еop|еo badlуn ob ntеrviеws.

f+

f

3П

4П

F

-)

Ф



oalingsСomplеtе entеnсеs_5with hеsеwords.

* bоthеrеd hоrrifiеd lost* оverwhе|mеdrеsеntеd.| ТinаWаs- by ohn,sаdbеhаviour.еwa s

arrogantnd udе.Dаvid- his еmpеr hеn аskеd im ormоrеmonеу'Linda- thе ас t hаtGilIWas еrу opular.Pаulworkеdatе vеry vеning.е е|t- bу hеamount еhad odo.

5 I'mnot еa||y- аbout pidеrs,ut аmfrightеnеdf miсе

еntenсes_7with hesеwords.Morehanoneаnswеrmаybе сorreсt.

* bесome с|еаr fеe|* go * hаvе makе€ run,l Wеhad bitof аn аrgumеntast ight ut hink t

he|pеdo- thеаir.2 Why o hings evеr еem o- smоothly?3 From imе o timе, vеrуthingееmso- Wrong.4 Doyoube|iеvеhat hеrе rееventsnour ivеs hatwе

noсontrol vеr?l think ounееd o а сonsсiousесisiono workhаrdеr.Sometimеs

-prеssurisеd

ywhаt shаppеningаrounome.|t's аsyo dеfеnsivеbout hаt ou'rе oingwhеn omеonеsсr it iсis ingou.

write he noun orms f the words -8 be|оw.

Using advoсbь4 Writе hе аdvеrb ormof thеsе djесtivеs-8, hеnmatсh

thеm o thе meаnings_h.

34

' l ironiс2 opt imist iс3 unfortunаtе4 hurriеd5 stеаdy6 еnth siastiс/ TееD|е

B gеntlе

a qu сklyb kindIynd аrеful|у

с sаrсast iса|lyd еаgеr|yr ехсitеdlуе hоpеful|уr сonfidеntIуf wеak|yr аint lуg unсhanging|уr rеgulаr lуh sаd у

СompIeteеntenсеs_Bwithonе of thе аdvеrbs ouformеd n 4.1 - |wоn't еаblе oсomе oyour аrtу n

Sаturdауftеr |l.2 . l 'dIovеogo o hе inеma,,аid аne

3 lt hаdbееn аining а|lаftеrnоon.4 .Тhеwеathеr iIl еbеttеromorrow,'аid hе hiIdrеn

.Don'tсry. t 's ot hat аd ' аidmymothеr

.Idon't ее| е|l,,аid аu|а

.Тhisisа briIl iantoIidау,sn,tt? pouring ith аinand rееzingo|d justwhаt Iikе ,аidmybrothеr

8 .Саn'tstop.'Vе ot n аppointmеntl,aid aIly

Еxprоssingшopointsof visvl

6 Сomplеtеhe diaIogue itha suitabIe ord.A Wou|douеvеr onsidеroingo work n anothеrсou try?

B l supposеn heone.l- it wоuId еаn ntеrеstingеxpеrienсе,uton hе2

- hаnd,t might еdiff iсu|t.What3-you?

A Thеrе's -doubt thаt t wou|d eа сhа||еngingthing o do,but 'mnot urе f Iwоuldwаntlеavеmуown ountryеrmаnеnt|y.-would о7

-а short imе -- l hаd nесna се.

56

1 happу2 rеsponsib|е3 know4 diffiсu|t5 honеst6 rе|iеve/ lnIеno

8 сritiсisе

сoursе,



6),, Fathеr said, ,Wе,ll sail likе Сolumbusl,,Hе was hoping to find India,, I pointеd

out sullеnly.Wе sold thе zoo, loсk, stoсk and barrеl to a nеWсountry' a nеW lifе. Bеsidеs assuring our сollесtion of ahappy futurе, thе transaсtion would pay for immigrationand lеavе us with a good sum to makе a frеsh staгt inCanada (though noщ whеn I think about it, thе sum islaughablе _ how blindеd Wе arе by monеy). Wе сouldhavе sold our animals to Zoos in India, but Amеriсan Zooswеrе willing to pay highеr priсеs. СIТЕS, thе Сonvеntionon Intеrnational Tradе in Еndangеrеd Spесiеs, had justсomе into еffесt, and thе window on thе trading ofсapturеd wild animals had slammеd shut. Thе futurе ofzoos would now liе with othеr zoos. Тhе Pondiсhеrry Zooсlosеd shop at just thе right

timе. Thеrе was a sсramblе tobuy our animals. Тhе final buyеrs Wеrе a numbеr of zoos,mainly thе Linсoln Park Zoo in Сhiсago and thе soon-to-bе-opеn Мinnеsota Zoo, bllt odd aniЬals WеIе going toLos Angеlеs, Louisvillе, oklahoma Сity and Сinсinnati.

And two animals wеrе bеing shippеd to thе СanadaZoo. That,s how Ravi and I fеlt. Wе did not Want to go. Wеdid not want to livе in a сountгy of galе-forсе winds andminus-two-hundrеd-dеgrеe wintеrs. Сanada WaS not onthе стiсkеt map. Dеparturе was madе еasiеr _ as far asgеtting us usеd to thе idеa - by thе timе it took for all thеprе-dеparturе prеparations. It took wеll ovеr a Уear. don,tmеan for us. I mеan for thе animals. Сonsidеring thatanimals dispеnsе

with сlothеs, footwеar, linеn, furniturе,kitсhеnwarе, toilеtriеs; that nationality mеans nothing tothеm; that thеy сarе not a jot for passports, monеy,еmploymеnt pгospесts, sсhools, сost of housing,hеalthсarе faсilitiеs _ сonsidеring, in short thеir lightnеssof bеing, it,s amazing how hard it is to movе thеm'\{oving a zoo is likе moving a сity.

Thе papеrwork was сolossal. Litrеs of watеr usеd uD inrvеtting stamps. Dеar Мr. So-and-so writtеn hundrеdi oftimеs. offеrs madе. Sighs hеard. Doubts еxprеssеd.Haggling to bе gonе through. Dесisions sеnt highеr up forapprovаl. Priсеs agrееd upon. Dеals сlinсhеd. Dottеd linеssignеd. Congratulations givеn. Сеrtifiсatеs of origin

sought. Сеrtifiсatеs of hеalth sought. Еxport pеrmitssought. Import pеrmits sought. Quarantinе rеgulationsсlarifiеd. Transportation organisеd. A fortunе spеnt ontеlеphonе сalls. It,s a jokе in thе zoo businеss, a Wеaryiokе, that thе papеrwork involvеd in trading a shrеwwеighs morе than an еlеphant, that thе papеrworkinvolvеd in trading an еlеphant wеighs morе than awhalе, and that you must nеvеr try to tradе a whalе,nеvеr...

... A dеputation of three Amеriсans сamе. I was vеryсurious. I had nеvеr seеn rеal livе Amеriсans. Thеy wеrеpink, fat, friеndly, vеry сompеtеnt and swеatеd profusеly.

Thеy еxaminеd our animals. Thеy put most of thеm toslееpand thеn appliеd

stеthosсopеsiohеarts,drеwbloodin syringеsand analysеd t, fondlеd humps and bumps,tappеd ееth,blindеd еyеswith flashlights,pinсhеd skins,strokеdand pullеd hairs. Poor animals. Thеy must havеthought thеy wеrеbеing draftеd nto thе US Army. Wе gotbig smilеs from thе Amеriсans and bonе сrushйghandshakеs.

Thе rеsult was that thе animals, likе us, got thеirworking papеrs.Тhеy wеrеfuturеYankееsand wе, futurеСanuks.

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ln pairs, isсusshеse uеstions.o Dоуouagrее ith hеwritеr hеn еsayshowb|indеd

Wе rеbvmоnеv,?

. Doуou Upporthеwork f orgаnisatiо nsikеСITЕS?Whv?Whvnot?о How oеs hе mаge аvi nd hеWritеr avе f Саnada

сomparе ith ours?. Hоw ffeсtivеoуou hink hеwritеr'sеsсr ipt iоnf

thеpapеrworknvo|vеdn shippingnimа|ss?о WhаtmprеssionoеshеWritеr ivе f bеing raftеd

into hеUSArmу? ow оеs his ompаrе ithbеingdraftеdntо hеarmу nyоur ountrу?

. How oуоu hink hеwritеr ndhis аmi|у i lI еaсto

their еw ifе n Сanаda?

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Grammar1 сhoosеhе сorrесt ption, , b or с, to сomplеtеhеаrtiсlе.

From Chanel tо the Cirсrrs22-уear-o|dris аImеr оrksorGifford'sirсus.hе

,l-- thеrе orsi x

months.tmаy ееm urprising,ut wo еаrs go ris - а topmodеIorСhаnе|.oday erсirсus utfitwithа buttеrflуеsignsа fаrсry rоm hеоауswhеn he n|у - dеsignеrabе|s.

Sowhydidshе uitmodе|ling?l rеmеmbеr-- quitе еrvous hеn firststаrtеdесаusе5- whаt odo,,shеаys.Butitdidn,tаkеmе onя

bесаusеhеrеsn'tmuсh o modеlIing.оurwho|еаrееrsbаsеd n7

--уou look ikе. ftеr whi|е got еdupwith - shows.dоn'trеgrеt it upаtа|I.,

Butwhу hе irсus?.|0- intеrеstеdn pеrfоrmаnсеrts inсе wassmа||, 'еxp|аinsr is.Sowhеn omе аmi|yr iеnds1-- thе irсusasr еar,l аskedhеm f thеrе аs nуthing12--do.' Ir iswаs ivеn аriousоbsfrommеndingostumеso13

- thеаnimаls.Ididntknowwhаt o еХpест14

- |startеd,'shеdmits.Butl,vе onе omеobs hаt 'd evеr rеamеdof 15 befоrе.,

А|thоughl6-

ina tеnt, ftеn nее-dееpn mud, асkshеg|amourf hеrformеr rofеssion,r is mbrасеdеrnеw аrееr ith pеn rms.l 'vеmаdemorе riеnds еrе hаn nywhеrе|sе,,shеnsists.n асt, r is njoystsomUСhthаt hе 7-a fu||-timеаrееrn hе irсus..|18--to go oсirсusсhоo|',hе аys.. lfdidgуmnаstiсs-9hаvе |wаys аntеdodo l сouldmovеnto аnсing.hе irсuss mу ifе ow120 sо hаppу.'

а wоrkеda wаsbеinga hаswornа tobеa didn't now

a Iеаrna nowa doinga to givеa Was |Wаysа foundеda musta look ftеrаifa dоingа Iivеdа сonsidеrs

a wilI Irеadуpp|уа whiсha nеVеr аs

b isworkingb has еenb worеbbеb wasn't nowing

b |еarningb whаtb todob givеnb havе lwаys ееnb hаd oundеdb сouIdb Iookingftеrbаsb tоdоb livingb isсonsider ing

b hаvе lrеаdyppIiеdb thаtb hаvе еvеr еing

с hаs ееnworkingс Wasс iswеаringс beingс hаdn't nown

с to Iеаrnс whiсhс donес givingс аm alwаysс Wеrеоundingс maус |ookеdftеrс whеnс hаvе onес l ivес wil| onsidеrс Wаs |rеаdypp|yingс Wnaтс hаvе еver ееn

СompIеtеhesеntеnсеsith hесorrесtеnsе pаst imp|е, rеsеnt

pеrfeсt, r prеsеnt еrfесtсontinuous)f thеvеrbsnbraсkets.1 |r is- (start)ork t hе

сirсusn N4аy.t'shе irstobshе(havе)inсе hеwas

modе|.2 .Whyаrеуou аtе?

(wаit)orаgеsl,.Sorry,| (miss)hеbus.,.|

- (gо)o BudаpеstаstsUmmеr.'.Rеаllу?l - (bе/nеvефthеrе. hаt аs t ikе?'PauIwаntsoworknadvеrt is ing.е- (app|y)[or ols f obs' uthе -(not аvе) n ntеrviеwеt .Sarаh- (finish/just)tехt iIеnddеsignoursе.t

ftakе)еr woуеarsoсom Iеtе..Whаt

=- (уou/do)аst

wееkеnd?'.0nSundау|-(start)

rеvisingormyеxаms nd(rеvisе)ver inсеl'

7 ,Didуouhаvе goodhoIidаy?,

.Yеs,it- (bе) rеаt, utwe(not аvе/st i l|)hе

photosеvеlоpеd.,8 .YоuIook irеd.'

.|- (work)n myсomputеr

а|Imorning.'

(ompletе hеsе еntenсesith hесorrесtorm gerund r nfinitive)of thevеrb n braсkets.1 Whеn |аrеinishеdo||еgеhе

dесidеd (trаvе|)oundthеworld ora уеаr.

2 Bеnwаs ееn n-(bесomе)naСtor 'o hеаppIiеdfora p|aсetdrаmа сhоol.I rеgrеt (miss)hесonСеrt.vеryоnеaidhowgooditwаs.Ji|| еnt utsidе.hе ееoео

(mаkе)саlI n hеrmobilе honе.In pitе f- (fееl)l l ,ТomstiIlnsistеdngoingоsсhоo|.

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Grеg оu|dn,tfford (buу)a ar, оhеgotmotorbikеnstеad.After yеаrs, rаd inaIlуаvе p (smokе)с|gaеttеs.

8 Instеаdf (go)o hеgуm, uсу есidеdop|aytеn s.

9 .Didyou emеmbеr (phone)uу?'

.Ididn't ееd o. saw imаtsсhоo|. '10 Katе ftеnmаginеd (bе) fаshion еsignеr.t

washеrdrеаmob.

11 Suеwas еdup with (watсh)V, o shе еadmаgаzinеnstеаd.

12 Lukеwantеd (go)o thесonсеrt,ut hе iсkеtswеrе oId ut.

Voсabua y4 Сhoosеhе bеstmеaning' or b, or hе vеrbs n itaIiсs.

1 Pеtе idn'twаnt odrop utof IhebаskеtbаIIеamdеspilе is njurу.a stop еing аrt f b сarrу np|ayingith

2 Aссordingо hе аbIoids,hе oung op tar sgoing utwithherаging roduсеr.a having rе|аtionship |еаvinghе ountry ith

withЗ Gаrywаsn'tее|ingеl|, utheсаrriеdлworking.

a toоk brеаkrom b сontinuеd4 Thеnеw trikеr f thе оotbаIIеаm ai|еdo ivеup tо

thеmаnagеr'sxpесtаt ions.еоnIу сorеdour oaIs||sеaso.

a fulf i l b undеrstand5 Kirsty ou|dn'ttop оiлg n аbout еrnеwboyfriеnd.

a сomp|аiningbout b taIkingnd|еss|ybout

5 CompIеtehе ехtwith hе сorrесt repositions.se hеsеprеpositions.

.. аrоund" for * from'= n = of '..on

" to * with

Advеrtisinglays n mportantаrt - ourеvеrydаyIifе. nаVera8е,еop|еrе xposеd- ovеr ,000advеrts daу on е|еvision,n nеwspapеrs,n hе adio rin hе trееts.oumaУ hink oudесidе

-what

produсtsounеed, utadvеrtisеrsnowbеttеr.hеy hapeoUrattitUdе WhаtWесonsumе

Advеrtisеmеntsivе positivеmprеssion а brandthrоughhе mаgeshеy sе. or xаmplе,hе magеsnsportswеаrdvеrtsftеn tand -strеngth andsuссеss,hеrеаsеrfumеds uggеstouwi|| е rrеsist iblеto othеr еоp|е.ds |so aу.buyhisproduсtndyouwi||bеpart -this group,. еoftеn oB-.- thеproduсt hiсh romotеshеgroupWе dеntifyursеIvеs9-, so ееnagеrsight uyСаIvin |еinаthеrhanСhanеl.

But hеmost uссеssfulrаndsrе hosе hiсh ppеа|omanу iffеrеntroUpsf pеop|е.npаrtiсu|аr,roduсtswhiсhhavе omе10 Amеriсa avе adhugе uссеss.Сoсa-Со|a,orеxаmp|е,spopu|аrIl 1 thеwor|dovеr ,000 okеsrе onsumеdvеrу есond.ndLеvi'sjеаns rеpopu|аr2-tееnаgеrs wor|dwidе.

Put hе words n braсketsnto he сorrесtorm noun radjесtivе)o сompIetеhе sеntenсеs.1 Dеspitеis ough (appеar),avеsquitе gеnt|е

0еrson.2 Simon antеd оb hat ffеrеdlеnty f еxсitеmеnt

and- (vаry).3 Karеn,sеgativе (rеaсt)o thеgood еWsWas

соm |еtе|уnеxpесtеd.4 Iris idn't еt ny (sаt isfу)omhеr arееr sa

modеI.5 Shеwаs еnt n modе||ing (аssign)lI vеr hе

world.

6 Тhеnеwpеrfume as - (сommеrсe)uссеss,thаnkso а br i||iantdvеrt is ingampaign.

7 FаshionеsignеrsrеVеry (сrеatе)еop|е.8 |fуouWаnto bеa fаshion hotographer,ou'|l ееd o

buу xpеnsivе (phоtograph)еquipment.9 Thеrе rе ots f ntеrеstingourist (аttraсt)n

London,uсh s hеLondon уе.

(omp|еtehe ablеwith he сorreсtormof thewordsgiven.

Write he opposites f thеsе djесtives.se hеprеfixеsdis-, l-, n-,un-, r-.

6

7

I

,l attrасtlvе2 с|еar3 еxpеnsivе4 |еgal

5 maturе6 оrgаnisеd/ poss|0|е

B rеsponsib|еq Makеаdjeсtivesrom hеsе ouns. dd hе suffixes 'и l

and -/ess.1 pеaсе2 wondеr3 worth4 сare5 harm

6 hе|p/ nomе8 suссеss9 thank10 usе

Vеr0 noun adjесtivе advеrb

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1hetlаtulrаrw(o

Dеsсribehe сreaturеsnd he natural аbitatsn thеphotographs.

СompIеteentenсes-4 with hеsеwords.

" сonsеrvаtionistесosYstеmfood hаin

" global arming

1 - is onеоf the biggesthrеаtsothеnaturaIwor|dodаy.2 |f hеp|аntsna(n)-аrе dеstroyеd,еpеndеnt

wi|dIifе ight tаrvе.3 A(n) isa hаbitatnd hеgroup f plаnts r

animа|shаt4 A(n) issomеonе ho riеso reduсehе

dаmаgеonе o hееarth уpo||ut ionndothеr umаnaсtivities.

Reading

Тruеor falsequestionsRеad aсh tatеmеntarеfuIlуеforеmаkingourdесision,s hе tatеmеntsaybepart iaIlyruе utno1сomо|еtеlvruе.

3 Rеаd hе еxtand deсidewhеthеr tatemеnts-.|0 retruе T) r faIse F) .

1 П Luсy аsnota|ways orkеd sа сonsеrvationist.2 П Thе rаng-utansuсy ooksftеr reusua||yrought

in rom hеwiId.3 П Luсу ее|shе ung|еsa dangеrous|асe.4 П Luсy as urnеdo аmous eop|еo hе|p er n hеr

worl(.5 П Luсysoneof hе еwpеop|ebIе o hе|p rаng-

utans еarn itаl ifе ki||s.6 П Bаbу rang-utansavе с|osеelаt ionshipithboth

pa еnts.7 П Luсу ims ouseheraсting xperiеnсеotеасh

pеоp|еbout onsеrvation.8 П Тhe reа uсyworksn s n dеspеratеееd f a new

сеntrе.9 П 0rаng-utаnspеnd |ot f imе ngroups.

10 П More esеаrсhаs ееn onе nto rаng-utаnshanintо thеr pеs.

Luсy Wisdom usеd to swing on thе trapеzеs n a сirсus. Nowshе is swinging among thе trееs of thе Sumatran rainforеst,tеaсhing orphanеd orang-utans what should havе сomеnaturally.

s Hеlplеss young olang-utans havе bееn arriving almostdaily into Luсy,s сarе at thе Bohorok rеhabilitation сentrе,usually aftеr thеy havе bеen in сaptiЙty for a сouplе of yеarsor morе. Rеgardеd as сharming whеn tiny, thеy soonoutgrow thеir сagеs and arе somеtimеs сlosе to stalvation

lо whеn thеy appеar at thе сеntrе.Bеing .mothеr, to a growing proportion of onе of thе

world's most еndangеrеd spесiеs is not for thе faint-hеarted,yеt it is somеthing in whiсh Luсy сlеarly rеvеls. ,I fеel soluсky whеn I,m surroundеd by thе apеs,, she says. .I fееl safе

ts n the iunglе with thе apеs whеn I am doing praсtiсal stuff.,Hеr mission is сеrtainly praсtiсal. Shе has bееn sеttingup

a wеbsitе, trying to gain global сharity status and rесruitingroсk stars in hеr сampaign to savе thе orang-utans, whosenumbеrs havе fallеn by thrее-quartеrs inсе thе mid-1970s.

zоBut Luсy,s supеrhuman сontribution to thе saving andrеhabilitation of infant apеs lies in thе faсt that most of hеradulthоod has bееn spеnt as a pеrforming artist and aсrobat.Shе may not talk to thе animals like Dr Doolittlе, but Luсythinks nothing of сlimbing 20-mеtrе high trееs and pееling

zspatсhеs of bark with hеr tееth to show young orang-utanswhat thеy should bе doing.

.Thеrе is an intеnsеly strong tiе betwееn mothеr andba|эу, aлd if that,s brokеn, thе infants don,t lеarn an1thing,,shе еxplains. .I go into the forеst and usе my trapezе skills to

зohеlp tеaсh the small apеs how to сlimb.,It is littlе wonder that Luсy fееls shе has arrivеd at hеr

lifе,s сalling. Thеrе сan bе fеw jobs whiсh nееd aсrobatiсtraining and stagе еxpеriеnсе _ anothеr skill shе is about toutilisе to organisе a touring show to еduсatе youngstеrs

зsabout thе importanсе of сonsеrvation. Yеt, as thе nееdinсrеasеs to providе an еvеn stronger safеф nеt for thе еver-dесrеasing population of orang.utans, thе Bohorok сеntrе

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....-asforсеd to сlosе its doors to nеW:ntlants. Part of thе diffiсulty was thе:roximity of a wild orang-utanropulation, whiсh made thе loсalе1еasе of prеviously сaptivе apеs

.rrpossiblе and, furthеr afiеld, thе::ееs havе bееn сut down. Unlеss."rnding s raisеd for a nеw сеntlе, itl.;ill bе impossiblе to look aftеr thе.эrgе numbеrs of pеts whiсh ownеrs;iе now willing to givе up. Luсy is]-loW сontaсting multi-national;cmpaniеs to hеlp hеr сampaign to>ar-еhе orang-utans.

Orang.utans tеnd to bе solitaryзnimals, notiсеably so in oldеr agе.-his is onе of thе rеasons thеy havе

:ееn lеss studiеd than othеr apеssuсhзs сhimpanzееs - еvеn though thеylIе 96.4o/o gеnеtiсally linked to:]umans and appеar to sharе many:haraсteristiсs with us. Thеy еvеnsuffеr rom thе samе disеasеs swе do..'r.ith

thе help of Luсy and pеoplе likеiеr, thе survival of thеsе gеntle giants:lay wеll bе assurеd.

Lisa Buсkingham Guаrdiап Soсietу

a,t,

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Voсabu a yAnimalProteсtion4 Matсh hеnouns _B o theirmeanings-h.

1 сaptivity|inе ) a sеttingrее2 stаrvаtion|ine ) b giving rsupp|yingomethingogеtherith thеrs3 status(|inе17) с hе|pingtorеturntoausеfuIifе4 сampаign|inе B) d notbеingrее5 сontribution|inе0) е а fight ororagainstomеthing6 rеhаbiIitat iоn|inе1) f suffеringrdуingrom aсk f ood7 rе|еаsеlinе 0) g a soсiа|r profеssiоnаlosit ion8 survivаI|inе0) h rеmaining|ivе r n еxistеnсe

\^lordgrith ppoeitоmeаninge

5 write hеsеwordsnеxt o thеirmеаnings_B. hen ind words n thе ехtwhiсhmеan heoppositе.he irst wo Iеtters regivеn o hеIp ou.

+a nastу аturе с|os еr сoUrаgеoushuge* inсrеasin8" se|f-suffiсiеnt* soсiab|е, io|еnt

meanrngs

1 аblе o manаgе уonesе|f2 havingn unp|еаsаntаnnеr3 еxtrеme|yаrgе4 brаvе5 bесomingiggеrn numbеr6 neаrеr

7 l iving ith thers/not|onе8 аggrеssivе

words oppositеsrom hе еxt

hе|plеss

6 Usе hе adjесtivesou ound n thе ext o desсribe thеrnouns.

Ехаmple 1 А holplossbаbу

: Disсusshеse uеstions.i . Whаt thеr nimаlsn thеwor|d rе асinя хt inсt ion?

. Why s t mportantosavе nimaIsrom xtinсtion?

. What |sе аnhumans o oоrеsеrvеhеwor|d rоundhеm?

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Habits

QlлiсI<quiz

1 Сorrесthе mistakesn thеsе entеnсes.1 l,mgеtting patsеVеn ,сIосkverymorning,a|ways

nаVе.2 Jane еvеrs irеd t night shе ovеsoing ut.3 Pеtе |waysrrivingаtе it rеа|lуnnoуs е.

Тoday, Deсember 1st, s world AIDS day аnd so

our mystery pop personality is the perfeсt person

for this weеkЪ quiz. Pаul Hewson is muсh better

known to the worId by anothеr nаmе. He is the

|eаd singеr of a hugely popuIаr lr ish group, but

who is he?

He hаs been an importantpагtof settingUp a non-profit orgаnisаtionса|ledDAТA (Debt,AlDS,Trаde

in Afriсa) аnd has beсome a сelebrity obbyist.

He often meets statesmen to disсuss debt relief

and has workеd with top po|it iс iаns o fight for аn

extra $5 bi l l ion to fight AlDS.Тhis has resulted n

сrit iс ism from some. Friends say, ,Peop|e are

alwаys сrit iс is ing him, but itЪ the people hеЪ

helping who are impoftant. t doеsn,t bother him.'

ln сontrаst o many roсk stars who dress up for

thesе oссasions, Paul never сhanges his imagе.

Еven for a meeting With Prinсe Chаr|es,he,l l urn

up wearing а сrumpled suit and o|d shoes.

Who is this fаmous pop star who does so muсh

to try to сombat the huge problеms in Afriса?

Proьenthabils3 Look t exampIеs_сandсompIеtеulеs l_3withpresent

simplе,present ontinuous r will.a Нe'll turn up weаringа сrumpledshirt аnd

sungIаsseo.b ||e oftenmeetsslаteemen о disсuss debt reliaf,

but he nevordresseв up.с Peoplaаre alwауsсriticisinghim.

Rulеs1 Thе isusua||ysеd о а|k bout rеsеnt

hаbit.t sоftеn sеd ith nаdvеrb f rеоuеnсv(nеvеr,omеtimеs,t'tеn, lwауs, tс').

2 Wеusе hе +а wауs/сotinuа у/t'orеveIotаlk bоut nnoyingаbits.

3 Wеusе tо alk bout оmеonе'sYpiса|behаviou.

4 Сomp|еtehе еxtwith hесorrесt ormof thеvеrbs nbrасkеts. sе heprеsеnt imp|е r will.More hаnonеanswermaybе possiblе.l\4yranddad

l- (tа|k)forоurs bоut vhеn еwas

young, е2- (tеl|)torу ftеr torу. ез(bе)еaIIyood t mаkinghеpast omе Iivе. е4- (sit)n his а vouritееat еаr hе irе ПO е

(а|wаystart)n hе amеwаy,0nсе,whеn wаsjust уoungаd... 'аndis tor iеs

-(аlwaysinish)

in hе amеwау,oo, 0fсoursе,hings rеdiffеrеntоw.'|\4yistеr - (a|wаysаnt) o knоwwhаthаppеnеdto alI hеpеop|еngrаnddad,stor iеs.е8- (justsmi|е)nd hеn е9- (say),WеI|,thаt's nоthеrstorу.'

5 Writе n ехаmplе f an annoying аbit orеасhstаtеmеnt sing hеprеsеntontinuous ndаlwауs.1 Dаnie|s nеvеr n imе.2 l\4аrkеvеr oеs ishomеwork3 I'm otgоingo |еnd а||уnу

mаkе/usvаit

сopу/mlnе

аsk/borrow onеymorеmonеУ.

4 Оur еасhеr аkеs swork oohаrd givе/us orеwork5 N4ikеаs tеrr ib|ееnsе f humour. е||/bаdokеsEхаmple1 Не,s lwауsmаkingus wоit"

6 Сomp|еtеhе sеntеnсes ith hе сorrесt ormof thevеrbin braсkеts.1 |Vlyisters еrrib|е.hе myс|othеsithout

asking.borrow)2 Tom ndЕ||еn wа|king.еnjoу)3 Pеop|еftеn- mе ormonеуorgood ausеs.

(аsk)

4 l\4ikе hisgir lfr iеndvеry vening.phonе)5 l\i ggiе to thесinеma t hеwееkеnd.go)

2 Read hе еxtand ind ourexampIеsf presеnt abits.



Pasthabits7 Read he extandаnswerhеquеstions.

|n1976when J2 irst ormed' hе bаndmеmbеrs еrе IlstiII t sсhooI.hеу sеd o play ogеthеr vеry ight.Тhеywouldpraсtisen a garagеndspеnd fеwhoursworking n hеir ongs. onowouldwrite hemusiс sing

numbеrsnstеad f notеs есаusее сouldn't eadmusiс.

ln fасthеwasn,t ven blе o p|aуhеguitar ow, fсoursе'hings revеrydiffеrent.

1 Whiсh hrееwаys anWеusе o dеsсribeаst аbits?2 СanWеusеwould o еXprеss past tatе?3 СanWеUsе sеdoor wouldorsing|е аst сtiоns?4 Whаt ormof thеvеrbdowе usеaIIer sеd oand

woulil

8 Rеwritе hе tеxt usingwouldand|or sed owherepossible.

Whеn еWеrеoUng е1 ivedn Frаnсе.n hеholidays,

wе2

wеnt o thеsamе il|аgеn hесoаst vеry еar.Wе3stayedn а bеаutifuIousе ight n hеbеaсh.agotupеar|y vеrуmorningnd5 andown о hеbеaсh.6swamif hеwеathеr as ood nd hеn 7waIkеd lоng hеbеасh rBеxpIoredhеarea. nе ay, 9meta gir| ndaftеrhаtwе10 pent II ur parеimе ogеther.е11bесame еrу оod riеnds ndwе12wrotе ong еttеrsеvеrу ееk.Wе13 аwеaсh thеr softеn spossib|еndаfеwуеars аtеr е1a tartеd oing ut ogеthеr.аst еar,wе15 otmаrriеdndwе16wеnt aсk o hе i||agеorоurhoneуmoon.

ЕхomplеWhonwo wero1fОung, a uвad ta live in Frаnсo.

Lеt's aсtivatеЕotapta19 Work n pairs'Student and Studеnt , andrеad hе

instruсtionsе|ow.

StudentYouarе hе host f а ТVсhаt how ndуouhаvеnvitеd

Studеnt to аppеar n hе hоw. е/Shеsnow fаmouspop tar, nddoеs Iot fwork orhumаnitariаnaUsеs'butwhеn е/shе аs oUngеris/hеrifе аs еry iffеrеnt.Ask uеstiоnsbout:

1 his/hеrifе hеn е/shе as oUnger.2 hоwhе/shе есаmеаmous.З what is/hеrifе s Iikе ow, hаt е/shеoеs vеrу ay.4 his/hеr ork orhumаnitаrianаUsеs.5 whаt е/shеhinks rе hеmostmportanthingsora

hаppу,uссеssfu|ifе.

StudеntYou rе r iсh,amous op tаr.n our pаrеimе oudosomеwork orhumаnitariаnausеs.ou rе oingoаppеаrоn a TVshоw. rеpаrеoanswеr tudеnt 's uеstions.|sothink bout:1 whiсh ausе/саusеsouwork or.Why idyou hoosе

it/thеm? hat ind f hings oyoudo?2 whаt our outinеsnоw.What bout hеn оuwеrе

you gеr?3 how our ifе аs hangеdn hеpast еw еars.

:л*iri

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Re.scate

1 Desсribe hаt s happеningn thеpiсturе.Whatdo youthink happеnеd еforehе piсturеwas akеn?Whatdoyou hinkwilIhappen еxt?

Listening

2 сC6|з.lYouarеgoing o heаra rаdioprogrаmmеboutdogs hatheIp o savе eop|e'sives. irst, еаd hroughstatementsl_5.Тhеn istеn ndсhoosе hebеst ption.

1 Тhеman ssuffеr ingromа shoсk ftеr fаl|.b а brokеn io.с no1hingl аl|.d hуpothermiа'

2 Тhеmаn son hе аdio rogrаmmеесausее sa а dоghаnd|еr '

b а оеtownеr.с a rеоortеr.d а с|imbеr.

Тhеpurpоsеf thеwееkеndсtivity е s аlkingаboutsa to indpeop|е hо rе uitаb|еo rаin еsсueоgs.b toаssеsshe isks f с|imbingn hеSсottish

mou tarns.с tоgive ogs n rеsсuееаms omе urthеrrаining.d tо dесidе hiсh ogs ndhandIеrsoin еsсuееams.

Good еsсuеogs rе hоsе hiсh, mongstthеr hings,сanbe rаinеda to kееp alm n unusualituаt ions.b not ogoаnywhеrееar аrm nimа|s.с togеtusеd o hеnoisе f аirсraft.d not o ouсh hе еsсuеlаrеs.

Dogs аrtiсu|аr|yuitаb|еormоuntаinеsсUе ork0есa sеa Тhеу an Un | ot аstеrhаnhumаn еings.b Thеу rееаsiеro ransporto hе itе f hе еаrсh.с Тhеу аn niff utа humаn omе istаnсеwаy.

d Тhеy аnbe rainеdna vеrу hortimе.

Еxpreььionэ3 мatсh hе еxpressionsn italiсs _6 to meanings_f .

1 hypothеrmia i||inishmеot'f2 thеdogs оn,t t't'ordo be nervоus3 whеn esсuеlares oф4 todаy's ountаinеsСuеwеs lot o5 rеsсuе as ome longwауsinсe6 thеdogs оvеn'tost hеir ouсh

a еxp|оdе

b mаkе |ot f progrеssс аrеnot n а posit ionod st iI l аvеhеаbil ityo dosomеthingе hаs |оt o hаnk omеbodyorf ki||mе

Mu|t iplehoiсе uеstionsBеforеou istеn,еad hroughhеquеstionsаrеfu||у,thеn svou istеn,hоosеhе orrесtnswеr.uta dotbеsidеhеаnsWеrou hink sсorrесt hеn ou istenthе irst imе, hеnmakе оur inа| hoiсе hеn istеninяfor hе есondimе.

Ф



PronunсiationWоaК orm vrords4 сo6Jз.zListеn o thissеntеnсе.hеwordsn itаIiсs re

weak orms.What ypеs fwords rе hеy?

Iln playinghе o|е /ас|imbеr.

5 put hеsе аrts f spеесhnto heсorrесt oIumn.

. аdjесt ivеsаdvеrbs artiсIеsauxiIiаr iеsnounsl prеposit ionspronouns Vеrbs

6 сo6Jзз irсIеhеwords ou hinkwiIIbe strеssеdnsеntenсes_8. hen isten ndundеr|inеhewеak ormwords.'1 I саnhеаr nеxсitеdаrk.2 I,m е re o сovеrhеаnnua|ssеssmеntееkеnd.3 It's tough еst.4 Тhеу,rееing inсhеd p nto hе|iсoptеr.5 Hеwаs nvitеdo Switzеrlando sее hеwork f

avа|аnсhеogs.6 It'sme nехt.7 | nееdn,t orry.8 |t,||nlуbеa mattеr f minutеs.

7 Now еadout he sеntеnсеsn Exеrсisе. Make ure oustrеss he сorreсtwords.

SpеakingProblоm-solving8 Youaregoing n a mountai n сtivity eеkеnd.n groups'

dесidеwhere o go,how o gеt hеrе, ndсhoose woaсtivitiesrom hе ist.

. bungееumping сIimbingparaglidingskiing

. snowboardingwalking9 Сhoosе ight ssentiaItеms o takewithуou.

Fоtepla110 ln pairs' isсuss hаt hesе аturaI isаstеrsreand

сhoosе ne o taIk bout. hen o thе olе.pIaуn 1.l.

. avа|аnсhееаrthоuakеrivеr lood tida| avе

. lornаdo vo|саniсruot ion

1 1 Rеаd hе notеs nd akе urns o askandanswer

questions.

StudentYouаrea journaIistt thе sсеnе f a disаster.ouаreintеrviеwing survivor. аkеnotеs bout hequеstionsyouarеgoing o ask.Findout about:. whеrеhеywеrе ndwhat heуwеrе оing hеn hе

disаstеrtruсk.. how hеу urvivеd.. how hеy е|t.

StudentYou

аrеa survivor t the sсenеf а disаstеr. journaIist

is going o intеrviеwouаboutwhathappеnеd. akеnotеs bout ourexpеriеnсes.hinkabout:. whеrе oUWеrе ndwhаt ouWеrе oing t hе imе f

thеdisаstеr.. how оu urvivеd. how ou е|t.

Givinga ehortpresentation12 сhoosе nеof thеquestionsеlow ndpreparе short

prеsеntationf onе minutе o givе o thе сIass.1 ShouIdеoplе hо аkeUnnесеssаrуisks xpесto bе

rеsсuеdy hееmеrgеnсуеrviсеs?2 ShouIdhееmеrgеnсyеrviсеsе inanсеdy hе

govеrnmеntr shouIdhеу е|y n сhаrit iеsо undthеm?

Wordshаtаrе ikе|ytо bе strеssеd

Wоrdshаthаvеwеаk orms

Giving prеsentationТry o re|аxnd pеak onfidеntIy.our udiеnсе i|| еmorе ntеrеstеdn whаl oU rе ауing.Don't оrgеto kееp n еуеon thе imе. rуnot oovеrrunr inishooSoon.

Don,t pеаkooquiсk|yr ooquiеtIy.V|aintаinstеadyоасе ndоаusеorbrеath.

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Answеr hеsе uеstionsboutSсot|and.1 Whаts hе аpitaIf Sсot|аnd?2 Whаt amous rink smadе n Sсot lаnd?3 What oSсotsmеnradit ionaIlyеar?4 Whiсh аmous сottishoеtWrotе uldLаng уnе

(sung n NеwYеаr's vе)?5 What rаditionaIood sеatеn n hеniяht f his

bi thd y?6 Whаt rе сottishakеs a||еd?

7 Whiсhnstrumеntsassoсiatеdith сot|аndzB Whаts hеhighеst ountаinn SсotIand?9 Whiсhаmous onstеrsаssoсiаtеdith сot|аnd?

Studying he sample

-. a)lt t

3 кеadBob,s еpIy o hisсousins.shis еttеr forma| r b)informa|n stv|е? ivе rеasonor vourans\ lеr.

2 Bob ivеsn London uthе has omе ousinsn NеwZea|and ho arесoming o visitBritain. еad he IettеrBob rесeivеdrom hеm.

Bob, aесlberеаllуgrаkfи| fуo" сoиldаrrаngе trip to"йi"";

1':' ".idiollу,,.,Й7ik, to trаvе| у trаiпаиdsttlg

i,,,1oitr* orsiуdiуs,Wе,,P:::"il::l .iиt;restеdпsееiпg

theSсottishсеИrr пс|omе fthеhьtoriсаl i1hkbu|,o"'.'"',u,

",*'ь,,n ti,,, before, е,reots'иre oш ogoаloиt .,

Wе'аrrive п Loпс/oпn /heеn,,ingoп thе71th pril yd.сu-,oи|d

beаb|e oсtlkh а trаiп',o,,l

,"Eht.orniпе uSсotlаиd he.,*i

*",,," 1, Woиld t bеаl/ ,ght for иs tostау ovеrпightаt

цoиr /аt?"к,o|iц |ookiп.qor,uаrdtosееiиg oи,

Drar Сhriэand Эarah,

Thankэ or уour |attеr. t waэ orra| |o hear f.|a-- э- arrсominq o Brit,ain О ?aУ uэ a viэiL. 'mэorryтc эЭl,-,h2||won.Lba n Londonon thе еvеningуou arrivе.a -,.С

-qhУОu,rеvrry wеlcomе О ЭtaУ overnight nthе ЛaI,' wi ' с'неvеr, еaD|ao mert УОUwhrnуougеLbaсk rom Эсot|andYouaэkedmе|o arrangеa trip to Эcot|and'which 'vеdonе'|'vе ookеdУou|wОэra|э ОnLhe О9,ОО Lrain frorrз in/эСroээ |o Еdinburqh,You'rеnСoachB andуour эеa|э arе 29and ЭО. |'vе еfLуou a nОt'rwiLhLha detai э of уour Lrip whichl.эuggеэtуoupiсkup withthrtickеtэ frommу flatmaLe.

|'vralso baokеdуou inI;ohr Loсhу 1otеInLhlе сеn|rrofЕdinburghor |,vеnightэ,Еdinburgh'э bеauLifu|,iэtorica|citу witha magnifiсеnLaэ1|e nd thе эtaff havaaээuredmеt,haLNhеу an organiэе rxcurэionэ anуwhеrr n Эco)land forУОU,Аэ f ar aэ viэitэgo, сan rеal|у rcommrndLhе |,iqh|andэ'ouCanэrr bеn Nеviэ, cotland'эhighеэtmОUn|ainnd Nhrwondеrfu| Оrnrryof G|еncoе, эpесI;acular oun|ain a||еу.Youэhould ake a trip to Loch Nrээ, |oo - уou might эее thеrrэidеnt monЭ|er,whichevеryone'эсonvinсеd tveэnthе |akе.Looking orward o эrеing уou n London.

Withbaэtwiэheэ,

bob

Цndsrslаndinghe tasК

Yoиrs,Сhris апd Sаrаh

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Wгiting otes4 Rеаd hе notе Bob Iеft or his сousinsаbout their trip to

Sсot|and,hen underl ine hе samеpiесеs f informationin Bob's ettеr.

1 train tiсkеtэ to Еdinburgh12 Аpri|СoachЭ ЭaaLэ29

andЭО :2 |iсkaLэ wi|h mУ iaLmaLeJakr3 aсcommoda|ion or 12-16 Аpri| j

Lochу 'oтr|,Еdinburqhte|:О13792О7 771 sJakahaэ addraээ i1

4 viэiLэ (orqaniэr'd у hoNr|): ;1|iqh|andэ ,Ben Naviэ* higheэtmountainG|encoa_ va||еу }.LochNеээ - manэIar

i;..*}ia..'.'@зg 1l 91i..i...,...}]з}]:9l}э*{g***oя*Ell.-'*.*llв*.l..''.3l

5 Rеwritеhesе entenсеsn notе orm'|eaving ut any

unneсessarуnformation'NotеshouId lways e briеfand nformаtivе.heydo not havе o bewrittеn nсorrесt rаmmatiсaIorms.)1 | hаvе еsе rvеdroom oryou romMay1Oth o Мlаy

15th t hеHighland otе| n hеoutskirtsf Abеrdeеn.2 | rеa||уhink ou houIdisit hе slandsff hеwеst

сoast f Sсotlandесаusеheу'rеantаstiс.3 Тhеmost еаUtifuIf hе sIandssSkуе,ndmany

peop|еisitonabесausеf tshistor iса|ignif iсаnсе.4 Тоgеt o hе sIаnds,oU an akе hе еrrу rom hе

сoast nd hеrеsа bridgеo SkyеromKy|е f LoсhaIsh.

5 0n thе s|аndf Lеwis,ou аn ее hе tandingtonеs

аtСa||аnishndеnjoyhеpеaсе ndquiеt ha tsurroundshеm.

6 Workwitha partner. hесk hatyouhаvе nсIudеd II hеimportantetails.

Steps o betterwritingLevоlsof formаlit17 Read hephrasеsnd dесidеwhеthеr hеyare ormаl F)

or nformа|I).

1 П a |tWаs reato hеar hаt ..П b Iwаs xtrеmеIуIеasеdo hеаr hat ..2 |1 a I sinсеrеlypoIogisеornotbеing vai|аb|е.

П b l,m orryo sау won,t е hеrе.З П a Wе rеnot ertainow o orgаnisеt.

П b Wе rеn't urе ow оgoaboutt.4 Z a You,rееrywеlсomеo staу.

П b |twоu|d есonvеniеntoryou o stay.5 П a You hоu|dаkе tr ip o ...

П b Iwou|d dvisеou o arrаngеvisit o ..6 П a As аrаsvisits o, ..

П b With еgаrdovisits,..

Цlriting bout1ourownсountг18 Writе еntenсesiving dviсе o someonе isiting our

сountry sing hеsеprompts ndyourown deаs.1 - isa сitуwith2 As visits

4f

You hou|d|sо a visit o whеrеоu

аnsее

- isаlsоnсrеdibIyеаutifu|.Тwo hings is аmоusorаrе аnd -

Writingyour lеtterand notеs

сonсеrnеd,саn есommеnd a

Understandinghо asK9 lmagineouhavе ousins ho ive broаd ndarе

сoming o visit ou.Youhavеnеvеrmet hembut hеyhave skеd ou o makе |l hе arrаngеmеntstravеI,aссommodationndvisits)or hеm ogoon а five-day

tr ip o visit popularourist rеa n your ountry.

Writе rеp|y 120_150ords)o thеir еttеr nd elI hеmwhаtyouhavе rrangеd.

InсIudinglI hеnе(еssаrynformationWhеn rit ing |еttеr, akе urе ou nсludе|| hеnеСеssaryеtаi|s.fуoudo not, oUwi||оsеmarks.

10 writе hort otеs nder hеhеadingsn 1_3 еminding

yoursе|f hat o tеlIyourсousinsn your еttеr'1 Тransoort:2 Aссommodаtion:3 Reсommеndеdisits:

\tlгiting'|1 Dесidеwhatothеr nformаtionou mightnееdand

inсludеt n thе еtter'orехаmpIe:. how ou ее| bоut hеir is it .. i f уouwi|| е hеrе hеn hеу rri vе.. whеrеhеywi|| iсk p iсkеts.

LhocYing12 сhесk hаtyouhave:

. writtеn r ief,еgib|еnd nformativеotеs.

. inсludеd|| hеnесеssarуnformationnyour оtеs nd|еttеr.

. usеd n appropriаtеnformа|tуlе.

. writtеnhе ight mount120-150ords)nуour еttеr.

@



Proьen|.abits1 writе hе words n thе сorrесt rder o mаkе еntеnсеs

abouthаbits.1 for wiI|/N4ikеoftеn hours rеаd2 hard Sam аnd wоrk usuа||yСе|iа3 hеr bоrrowingаlwаys bikе brothеr Kаtе,sis4 kind theу аrelwi|l ltheу vеrуlаlwауsit lсan

thеу/you/hе|p5 in/ thosе аrе tа|kingс|assstudеntsсontinuаllv6 punсtuа|Pau| а|wауshе is |ate is nеvеr

2 Сomplеtеhe sentenсеs ith hе сorrесtormof thе vеrbin braсkеts. sewillwhеre ossibIе'1 Janе (|ovе)kiing.hе- (go) vеry аy f

shе аn.2 |\4аrk (gеt p) t6.З0 uringhеwееk есаusе

hе- (havе)|ongournеуо work'Pеtе- (not ikе) еаringmаrt lothеs,e(еvеn еar) |d еans ndТ-shirtsogo oa pаrtу.Sаrаh- (not o) nywоrk t hеwееkеnd,hе

(prеfеr)o rеlаx.

(hаvеo)bесаrеfu| hеn (tаkе)im orа Wа|K.

6 СIаrе (ехеrсisе)vеry аy. hе=-- (run)nthеmorning

n hepаrk

nd hе (go)о hеgуmаftеrwork f shе- (hаvе)imе.

Mаtсh ituаtions _6 o аnnoying аbits -f.Тhenwritеsеntеnсessing hеprеsеnt ontinuous.EхвrnpleThrу ara vpr'{ пoаn" hrу,reаIwвуs 4уit's hс.у avon,tgot аnу monoY. uf lt,вnоt trua'

1 Тhеу rеVеrymean.2 Jеnnуsvеry bsеnt-mindеd.3 Pamnеver ays nуthingiсе bout еr riеnоs.4 ]aсk s еalIynt idу.

5 Dаve nd аnе rе еаlIynrеIiаbIe.6 Jim snеvеr UnсtUа,.

а tUrn pIatеorbаskеtbаlIrасt iсеb losе hingsс сr it iсisеshеmd |osеhings есаusеis oom s n suсh mеsse say hеy аvеn'tot nymonеу,ut t 's ot ruеf |еtmеdown

Сomplеtehe sеntеnсеs i th hе сorrесtormof thе vеrbin braсkеts. sе hеpresеnt imp|е,hе prеsеnt

сontinuous,r will.

A dream omе ruе

1-уoU - (oftеn drеаm) f winning hе

|оttеrу?verу ееkеndhousandsf pеоp|е(imаginе)inninghеmi||ion-poundасkpotnd аstr 'vееkоbWhitе,srеаm amе ruе.'Rоb - (а|wаysbuу) Iottеrуiсkеt t hеtvееkеnd,,ауs isgir|fr iеnd.Hе

- (usuа||уbuy)

onеOП hеwayhomе romwork. е5- (stop)tоur oсаlhоp nd6- (сhat)oJohn,hеownеr.Thеv - (а|waуsokе) bout ho,soingowinthе ottеryhiswееk.'.Yеs, 'аddsob.it 'sаrt f mуrоutinе.8- (аlwaysthink)hеwееkеnd(stаrt)whеn10

- (gonto)thеhоp o buymytiсkеt. 4у аrеntsl-l- (not pend) onеу n Iottеryt iсkеts,hеу hink t,s wastе f monеy' hеу 2

(a|wауstеll)mе shouldn't аstе ymonеу uуing

..::::::::ll.lllll"'lll'1",'"0

:Io":::".Past habits5 Rеwritе hе vеrbswhеrepossibIe. sеvlouldwhere

possible r usеd o.Whеn Was oungеr е1Iivеdna smаlI i||аgеndwе2 hada dog.Wе3 ook t forа wа|k vеrу аy.Wеa ovеdourdog, ut t сou|d еvеry аughty.t5сhаsеd thеrdogs,t6 r ied o oin n ootbа|lamеs nd nsummеrwhen hе се-сrеаmаn7сamе t8sаtnеxt o thеvanand9Iooked t еvеryоnе.omanуpеоp|е0 avе hеdog се-сrеаmshаt t 1 bесamеаt'onсе t 12 ollowedhе се-

сrеаm аn о hеnеxt iIlаgеndwе l3wеrе еа||уorriеduntiIhеVan wnеr aphonеd s'Мlymothеr5hаd odrivе hеrе nd о||есtt

Ф



Reading6 Rеad hе ехt.Whiсh aragraphnсludеs:

, l а соnсlusiоnwhy oUWrotе bоuthispеrson

2 infоrmаtionlэouthеpast

3 infоrmаtionbout hаt hеpеrson oеs nd ikеsn hе0rеsеnI

4 a physiсaIеsсr ipt lоn

AI

deэсrсфсоru o€ o parзon'

IЦ9 9.on.d.r^оtЬ'er сз qисte эkort artd зL.mottd. зKe. з 9оt шotv9 ЬLorltde l.rссr artd Lival9ЬLиe a9aэ' Эlre шзшo.LL9 фqot.; соLокr€щL

сLotkeэ o.и'd. Looks €ieкdl9.

St'e L.vеэ oru |..еr oфh. Lht o' зrксLL |.rоцэe

r.ot €t. €orw шkerе rк9 €лi L9 Ltvе.э,

Viз.tin'9 hqr .5 сLшс9з €lt Ьecqцэe.

PeoPLq tu."l'. .^p otLL ttre t.r^е. Эt,.e шэеd to

Ьe o teoсhеr ond her oLd зtиоeпtэ о.ndl,reг n'er9trЬoцr5 фLLL o€еru сotne Lr.t €. o.с^p o€ tqс oкd ot cl,.qt. ALtkoшgЬ. эt'e'зсLшс9з Ьиз9, з|-ra'LL

ô.ket.rê fo" ol'.9ol't.

ф.th O. proЬ(ем. Shе э o vet9 9oodLсзteytеr о.rud E|^'e сLшot9э 9Lve5 9ood..pr oс tссo( odvсCq,

Эhe оLэо',оrks

oз o volиntqe. ш.th q

9rошp шko viэсt зсеk с rсLd'reи. .N ko6P.t;L,l.....

Т}'e9 or9оn.sе Рotrt.eэ ond other kспds o{еn (e rto.n.e,. t Fo. the сhс(dreп, too'5oмe(сmeэ м9 9rotпdrиotи.er uзoи(d drезз up

.,1:t1r.rrl l l , .

Writing7 Nowwritеa dеsсriptionf somеone ouknow'using he

samеplanas he еxt n 6.

Listening8 €.n Youaregoing o hеarа nеws eport bout

storm. istеn nddесidе f thestatementsrе ruе Т) rfaIsе F) ., l П 0klаhomа аs truсk y ightningаst ight.2 П Pеop|еurvivеdnit iаIlyy еavinghеir omеs.3 П Тhousаndsf pеop|еrеnowhоmеIеss.4 П Some оusеs еrе |own wаy.5 П Сhаd arris аswоkеn p rom nightmarе.6 П RuthHеnslеуImostost еr on.7 П Stormson't omе nVWorsеhаn his.

;':{

,.

Gэ G сLoфN o.rud per€r^ €r tЬ.a

"u..o..,'.ЭKe ЬeLievез Lo.ш9ktar KeLPэ

tKer^ 9et Ьetter rкoгa qшссkl9. Т

rarârкЬar t[сt шк.r. фa фa.a 9oL^N9eY

эke фoцLd' Ь.alg шэ шrсte oи'd. o.сt o.^t o^.

oфN PLo.95, o.Nd фe цэe.d tо Loш9l,r с Lоt'

Or'сe фe J'.d o- эЬ.oш €г tKe шKoLe

vсLlo.9e on.d rt9 9rol.drôtKer шqэ t .a

o."."t"", rô.i.e tЬ.a cоэtцмaэ o.rn.d.

or9o.ltс9ad avarф|.'сru9.

йi-,"*ôôtкa. o...'o2' aitcoшro.9e-d:''^::

n.t t[iп9э' Эka о.Lшс9эt,9 oпd dо dс\tere t Сrц ur\u ..

,."o t" эoч tиot .t оiJпt rnotrer,.I ,::

:::. ;""";-",-i .^ or коt,?"i ^т-*:'*.,

tкe r* oдd 6.эсa,Je( oLL 9oиr tolen tg l п

€сt эЬ.a'э l^эt эto"tad Le.o..t^tLlt-g {у\a

;;. экJ эo9- эKa'a o.Lш+9"

.,".., .^ ,шсrutad to pLо.9 о' rwи5ссo.LLh.5trцмarut o:r o(

;;.; o. 9ооd tiâ to эtо.rti.

Т o.4r^.ra r^9 9ro.i..drôt|rar 'fФliope T or^ L.ka ker фlrr.an.l:l rк.

1л"*сl,' ..eсd;Ldar:;l,rtr,:r'rl l 'rl l '

Ф



\tlordbuitdlng1 Сomplete hе tеxtswiththе сorrесt оrmof thеword

braсkеts.Aссordingo nеW tаtistiсs,аst еаr аw hеmost(drаmа)tormsnddroughtsor еn еаrs.n thеwоrst.hitсountriеs,xtrеmе еathеrеsu|tеdn2

- (stаrvе)аndhоmе|еssnеss.сiеnt istsay hаt nсrеаsеd|obа|З

- (po||utе)smаking signif iсant(соntributе)o сl imаtiсhаngеs.Ассordingo hеWor|d idе und orNаturе,hе5(survivе)f Еuropе,sears,ynxеsndwo|vеssbеingthreatеnеd.omе pесiеsrеоn hеbrink f6

(ехtinсt)'hеrе аvе ееn еvеra|- (сonservе)

programmes,utаttеmptso rаisе pесiеsuсh s hе|bеriаnynxnB (саptivе)аvеаi|еd.hесontinuing- (dеstroу)f hеhabitatf hе ynxmеanshаt twi|| robablуiеoutovеr hеnext iftу еars

Environmsntal robloms2 Mаtсh hе еnvironmеntaIrobIems_6 о thеir

definitions _f.1 global аrming2 aсid ain3 еndangеrеdpесiеs4 sеvеre rought

5 сhеmiсaIolIut ion6 oils l iсk

arеа f oiI hat lоats n thеsеаlong rypеriodsubstаnсеhatmаkеshееnvironmеntirty nd0а gеroUinсrеаsеn еmpеrаturеf hеЕагth'stmоsphеrеrаin hаthasbееn ffесtеdy асtorу olIutionаnimаls r p|аntshаt rе losеoext inсt iоn

Сomplеtehеsе еntеnсеs ithonеof thеphrasеsl*6

tn2.1 Sсiеnt istsаy hаt n|еss- isstoppеd,ising

tеmperаturеsi|| аusе isаstrousloodsn Iow-lуingсou tr ies.

2 -, саusеdypol|utionn hеаtmosphеrе,аsdеstroyеdаnу rееsn Nоrthеrn urоpе.

3 A |ot f r ivеr i|d|ifеаsbееn i||еdv fromfасtories.

4 |n1998, - inAfr iсааusеd idеsprеadаminе5 Somе suсh s hе bеrianynx, аvе ееn

huntеd Imosto еxLinсt iоn.6 Тhе hаd disаstrousffесt nsеаbirdsnd

mаrinеifе.

Aфeetivоs ith -Ieэeand-ful4 СompIetеhеsеntеnсesithonеof thеsеwords nd hе

сorreсt uffix -lеss r .fuf More hanonе ansWеr aybepossiblеor еасhgаp.

* сarе nаrm* nе|р nomеФsUСсеsSI'Jsе

1 Aftеr is al l, hе l imbеrаy until rеsсuеtеаm rrivеd.

2 Lеаvingittеrn hе ountrysidеs аndi rеspоsi е.

3 G|obаl аrmings hаving - еffесtn hееnvironmеnt.

4 Shеltеrsа Brit ishhаritуеvotеd o hеlping hе

а|uminium аns s аесyс|ingаpеr,Iass,ndway f rеduсingolIut ion.

6 Thеdеmonstrationgаinstuс|еаrnеrgy as еryLots f pеop|еttеndеd

Words hatgo togоthar5 сhoosehе сorrесt ords r phraseso сomplеtеhe

sеntеnсes'1 |fуouwonmil|ionsf pоunds' ould ou- уour

fаmi|уnd r iеnds?a hе|p ut b heIp vеr с hеlp long

2 Lisa а|| еr Id lothеso сharitу.a gаVе p b gavе vеr с gаVе Way

З Sсiеntistsavе with nеw уpе f сar nginеohе|p еduсеolIulion.a Сomе p b сomе wау с Сomе сross

4 |fуouwаnt o mаkе monеу,ououghto0eСomе |awyеr.a muСn b plеntу f с man,

5 Inhiswil|, ir ohn еft lotof prоpеrtyoСа sеs.

a worthy b vаluаb|е с prесious6 0nсеMark adgivеn oё hеmonеy,twаs оо atеohismind ndаsk or t bасk.

а сhangе b mаkе с modify

abс

dеf

@



Тh.Thirty.ninеtеpSbу|ohi Buсhаn

{)'s тWas iust fitting my kеy into thе door whеn I

notiсеd a man at my еlbow. I had not sееn him approaсh,and thе suddеn appеaranсе madе mе start. Hе was a slim

man, with a short brown bеard and small bluе еyеs. I

rесognisеd him as thе oссupant of a flat on thе top floor,

r'vithwhon-r I had passеd thе tlmе of day on thе stairs.

,Сan I spеak to you?' hе said. ,Мay I сomе in for a

minutе?, Hе was stеadying his voiсе with an еffort, and his

hand was pawing mY arm.

I got my door оpеnеd and motionеd him in. No soonеr

.ruu,й. ovеr thе thrеshold than hе madе a dash for my baсk

room, Whеrе I usеd to smokе and writе my lеttеrs. Thеn hе

boltеd baсk.,Is thе door loсkеd?, hе askеd fеvеrishly, and hе

fastеnеd thе сhain with his own hand..I,m vеry sorty,, hе said humbly. ,It,s a mighty libеrty,

but you toЬкеo thе kind оf man who would undеrstand.

I,vе had you in my mind all this wееk whеn things got

troublеsomе. Say,will you do mе a good turn?,,I,1ll istеn to you,, I said. .That,sall I,l l promisе.,,I,m a bit rattlеd tonight,, hе said. ,You Sее, happеn at

this rrromеnt to bе dеad.,,What doеs it fееl likе?, I askеd. I was prеtty сетtain that

I had to dеal with a rrradman.

A small smilе fliсkеrеd ovеr his drawn faсе. ,You sее I

rrееd hеlp morе than any man еvеr nееdеd it, and I want

to know if I сan сount you in.,,Gеt on with your story,, I said, ,and I,1l еll you.,

Hе was an Arnеriсan, frorn Kеntuсky, and aftеr сollеgе,

bеing prеtty wеll off, hе had startеd out to sее thе world.

Hе wrotе a bit, and aсtеd as War сorrеspondеnt for a

Сhiсago papеrl and spеnt a Уеat oI two in South-Еastеrn

вurop . неЪpoк" familiarly of many namеs I rеmеmbеrеd

having sееn in thе nеwspapеrs. Hе had playеd about with

politiй, hе told mе, at first fоr thе intеrеst of thеm, and

ihеn bесausе hе сouldn,t hеlp himsеlf.

I amgiving yоu what hе told mе as wе]l as I сould makе

it out.Away bеhind all thе govеrnmеnts and thе armiеs thеrе

Wasasubtеrranеanmovеmеntgoingon,еnginееrеdbydangеrous pеоplе. Hе had сomе aсIoss it by aссidеnt; it

fasсinatеd him; hе wеnt furthеr, and thеn got сaught. I

gathеrеd that most of thе pеoplе in it wеrе thе soгt of

еduсatеd anarсhists that makе rеvolutions, and that bеsidе

thеm wеrе flnanсiеrs who wеrе playing for monеy. A сlеvеr

n]an сan makе profits from a falling markеt, and it suitеd

thе book of both сlassеs to hold Еuropе by thе еars.

Hе told rnе somе stlangе things that еxplainеd a lot that

had plzz\еd mе_

thingsthat had happеnеd in thе Balkan

War, how onе statе suddеnly сamе out on top, why

allianсеs wеrе madе and brokеn, WhУ сеrtain mеn

disappеarеd, and whеrе thе origins of war сamе from. Thе

aim of thе wholе сonspiraсy was to sеt Russia and Gеrmany

againstеaсhоthеr.I thought for an instant or two' 'Right, I'11rust you' I

bеliеvе yоu,rе straight,but if you arе not, I should warn

you that I'm a handY man with a gun''

Your еaсtions

ln pаirs, isсusshеsе uеst ions.1 Why oyou hink hеmаn аid Ihаppеnt his

momеnto bеdеad'?2 What оуou hinkmadе hеwritеr есidеo rusthе

man?3 Whаt oуou hink appеnsеxtn hе tоrу?4 Whу oуou hink tor iеsikе his re opopu|аr?5 Hоw еа|istiсoуou hink tor iеsikе his rе?6 Doуоuhаvе nу tori еsikе his nуour wn itеraturе?

Whiсh nеs?

l.t,{lЕ ндflill{ЕlTGоDFRЕY ЕARLЕРЕсGY Af}|сRoFт

olRf ,стeDBY

Ф



The troubre vviаIl тv

1 ln smаII roups' isсusshesеquеstionsboutTV.o Howmanу ours f ТVdoyou

wаtсh aсh aу?. Howmаnу Vs oуouhavеn

you homе?. How ftеn rе ou ||owеdo

dесidе hаt rogrаmmеsoUrfаmiIy аtсhеs?

о Doyouhavе ТV nуоur wnroom?

. Whаt oyour nswеrshowаbout hеattitUdеf hеgrouptowаrds atсhingV?

. Сou|dou pеnd monthwithout аtсhingV?Whatwou|doudо nstеаd?

Reading2 skimrеad hе еxtand сhoosе he

best it|е, , b, or с.

a NoТV, oprob|еm?b ТV sbаd oryouс Wе hou|d аtсh еss V

Тitlе:

l сan provе hat hе Сommon fасtor o troub|е-makеrstlс.]-- :. :]s is this:thеy didn,twatсh еnough ТV. Мany prolэlеmswouId hаrе i-.ее- ..оided fpеoplе had spеnt heir imе wаtсhingТV. know this leса'ls= .е.а rather

hеatеd argumеntwith my parеntsabout my ТV habits. , ' . , . .ееrеd ospеnda who|е month withoutТV. Thе lэo ttom inе is tha;:..-..еi пlе intoа far worsе Dеrson.Тhеre arе two things you quiс|<ly otiсе akrout ot watсi-l:l-.:-..,.Т.е iirst sthat еvеryone watсhеs it far morе than thеy admit. Тhе .е- ..: s thаt tgivеs hours of good qua|itуеntertainmеntor Iitt|е ost. С- . -. -.", 'е ongmaintained that ТV dеstroуs hе mind, but l,vе no\\ :1]: .- ' l .-j:.-.. i ihatpеople who havеn.t got a ТV bесome rest|еss, dgr, аi.l; :'i::е.sесJ r'ithtr ivia.I tr iеd keeping a diary оf thе еxpеriment: Daу 1. Lifе ls s- ,.-t,-:.l lеtterwithout ТV. I,m doing so muсh morе, and fееI a lэеttеr ]еr:i-. ' ' . аtlс lsoon....Тhe sесond wееk was just dul l . I fеIts|ightly unl l l . l-.: ] :. -. ' \\,arе

that еveryоneе|sеwas having un whi|е | сouIdn,t l lоr. ' l ."sе,:о с]o o.Going out with fr iеndsalsо got problеmatiс. now rеal isе .:1 :: е]si t\Vo-thirds of сonvеrsations еgin: ,Hеyl Did you sее ... thе ,r i .е. îqht?,ofСoUrSе/ hadn,t Peoplе stjrtесl еgardingmе as somе sol1 -.r . .аsе.Thе |owest points of thе month wеre two Еng|anсl-Sсс::"lс;ootbalImatсhеs, оr whiсh Ijoinеd Britаin,s ong-distanсе orrt 'сJ l 'е.s аnсi shopstafi n l istеning o thе radio. Life in Britainсamе to а сol l l l l е.е hа|t hatdаy. l know bесausе l stared out of the window watсhinч -.i.е с:i оf thepopulationhurryinghome to watсh thе matсhes.Тhеn tоtal disaster truсk. got f|u and had to spend а dar' аi i lо:".:lе.еspitеthе thriIlоf сomfоrt ood аnd rеading hе nеwspapеr n bed rl ]tr hе сentralhеatingоn, thеre seemеd nо poini in having a day оtf s iсk i ; .,оu Саn,twatсh ТV. l was bасk аt work the next day.

Тhе last fеw days werе l ike being а'гnul l

.hi ld lэе{orе hristпlas: aсhminutеtoоk twiсе as lоng as the рreсеdingone. Еventuаllr,, l iсinight rept

around, nd, ikе drowniпgman inding ry |and, еарt n froпtoГthе еt ndgrabbеdhе еmоtе ontroI s t l rrаspurеgо|d

I hаd rеaсhеd n oаsisoГ е|еvisuаIelights. nd,oi Сoursе,you,Vеguеssеd t Thеrе was nothing nlеrеsting nl

TоbySсott Thе Сuardian



MuItipIе-сhoiсeuestionsFirst,еаd hеquеstiоnsnothеoptions).hiswiIl е|pyou o oсus nwhаt o ook or n hе еxt. hеn eаdthе еxt. еxt, obасko hеquеstionsnd еаd || hеoptionsarеfullуndundеr|inеhеparts f hе еxt

whiсh е|p oumake our hoiсе.

3 Sсan hе еxtand сhoosе hеbеst nswеr' ,b, с, or d,toquestions-6.1 Whats hеwritеr uggеstingbout roublеmаkеrsnd

сriminaIsn pаragraph?a Thеy еtmost f hеir dеasromwаtсhingV.b WatсhingV urns hеm nto VеnWorsееop|е.с WatсhingVсouId аvе bеnеfiсiа|ffесt n hеm.d WithoutV hеywou|d аvе othi ngo do.

What oеs it ,rеfеro n pаrаgrаph?

a а TVprogrаmmeb notwatсhingVс thеТV nеwsd bеing vo|untееr

Whiсhwo ommеntsoеshеwritеrmаkе bout V nparagraph?a |VostVprogrammеsppеа|ovеrу еwpеоp|е.b 0n thеwho|е Vprogrаmmеsrееxсе||еntаluе or

monеy.с Pеop|е hoownТVsеts ftеn o notwаtсh hеm

vеrуmuсh'

d Pеop|еpеndmorе imеwаtсhingV han hеy аythеу o.

Whаt id hеwriter еaIisеs imеworе n?a Kееpingdiаrуwasnot sеаsy shеhаd hought.b Hеhаd еwеrr iеndshаn е hought еhаd.с Aftеrhе irst ewdays, is ее|ingsegаno сhangе.d Hewаshаving оrе ntеrеstingonvеrsаtionsith

fr iеnds.

Whаt idhеdowhеn есouIdn'tаtсhhе ооtba||matсhеsn ТV?a Hеdесidеdo spеnd omе imе isit ing a|еs.

b Hеwеnt hoppinghi|е vеrуonеаtсhеdV.с Hесamе сrossomе orrу r ivеrs ho oId imаbоuthеm.

d Hеdisсоvеredhаt есouId istеno hеm n hеrаdo.

Thе totaIdisaster'n pаrаgrаphrеfеrso thе aсt hаtа his IInеssrеvеntеdim om оingo work.b hеhad ost isappеtitеnd ouIdn'tаt nуthing.с hеwаs II ndunаblеowаtсh Vаthomе.d hеwаs nаb|еowоrk есаusееhаd nассidеnt.

Voсabulary4 Sсan hе еxtand indwords hatmean:

1 shоw omеthings ruе pаragrаph)2 prеvеntpаrаgraph)3 say omеthings ruе paragrаph)4 |ook tsomеbodуrsomеthingora Iongimеbeсаusе

you rе ntеrеstеdrsurprisеdpаragraph)5 аttасkuddеn|уpаrаgrаph)6 move uiсk|уparаgrаph)7 tаke omеthinguddеn|yr roughIypаrаgraph)

5 Findphrases'l_5n thе extand сhoosеhе сorrесtеxplanationf theirmeaning' or b.1 thе ommonасtorpаragraph)

a а shаrеd ointb anunimpоrtantoint

2 thеbottominе parаgrаph)а thе еаstmportаntaсt

b the оnсIusionЗ obsеssеdith riviа pаrаgraph)а сonstantlуhinkingbout nimportanthingsb oftеn onsider inghаt s mportаntn Iifе

4 slight lуumb pаragrаph)a rather adb not еаl|уb|е o ее|hings

5 a sad asе pаragrаph)a Somеonеho supsеt bout omethingb somеoneo ееl orrvоr

ТV аnd radio

6 Exp|ainhе meaning f thеsеwords. sеa diсtionarуfnесеssary.

u aеria| сhannе| broаdсastDVD |аyеr.* есordingtudio rеmotеontrol satе||itеV " statiоn.+rаnsmittеrvidеo есordеr

Disсusshe olIowing uеstions.о Howmany iffеrеntуpеs fТVprоgrammеаn ou

think f?

a

a

What inds f ТVprogrammеsoуou onsidеro bеа)еntеrtаining,)usеful,)boring? hy ?Howmuсh dvеrtisings hеrе nTV nуour ountry?Whаt ouId оudо o mprovеVprogrаmmesnуourсo ntrу?

@



Relative nd noun сlauses

Qtлiсkquiz

1 Сorrесthе mistаkеsn thеsе еntеnсеs.1 This s headvеrtisinggеnсу ho irst dvеrt as osuссеssful.2 London hеrе wаsworkingor wo еаrs аsmаny ood dvеrt is ing

аgеnсiеs.3 This s hеadvеrtisеmеnthat was aIkinяbout.4 Сan ou е|Imеwhеrеs hе tаt ion?5 Dоуouknow fJаmеss hесomingo hеpаrtу?

Whiсh dvertisementeIow ovou hinkis morееffесtivе?Whv?

Read hе eхtand answеr hеquеstions.

1 Тhеquеstionnairеppеаrеdn hеbасkthink t saimеd t?

s*r*en-$r**у*

of a paсkеt f fооd.Whodoуou

Defining nd non-definingelaliveс|auьeь4 Rеad he еxt gai n ndunderIinehe

rеIativeIausеs. hiсh e|ativеIausеs:1 tе|I swhiсh еrson,hing,imе r

p|асеhе pеаkеrs а|kingbout?2 givе xtranformаtion?3 givе ssеntiа|nformation?4 сanbeоmitted?

СompIеtеhе rulеs.Usе ourаnswеrso 4to help ou.

Rules1 Wеusе еfiningеIаt ivе|аusеso alk

abouthеpеrsonr hingn hеmаinс|ausе.hеy ivе information.

2 Wеusе hе еIativеronouns ho,whiсh, hаt,whosе,whеrе, nd whenwith еfiningeIat iveIаusеs.

3 Whеn hе е|аt ivеronounеfеrso hеobjесt f hе еrb t сanbеomittеd.

4 Wеusе on-dеfiningеlat ivе|ausеsоtаIk bouthеpеrsоnr hing n hеmаin lаusе.hеу ivе-informаtion.

5 Wеput ommаs еforеndaftеrhесlаusе. еusе hе еlаt ivеronoUnswho,whiсh,whosе,whеrе' ndwhеnwithnоn-dеfiing е|аt ivеlausеs.

6 Wе аnnoI se hаtwithnon-dеfiningrе|at ivelаusеsndwеСannotmit hеrе|аt ivеronoun.

ln pairs, xpIainhе diffеrenсe еtwеenthеpairs f sentenсеs.sе he ruIеsn 5to hеIp ou.

1 a AI I hе ustomеrshowеrе nvitеdo

thеpromotionесеivеdfrее ift .b Тhе еgu|arUstomеrs,howеrеinvitеdo hеpromotion,есеivеdfrее ift.

2 a Тhе arwhiсh asparkеdn ront fourhousе аsbrightеd.

b Тhе аr, hiсh аsparkеdn ront fourhousе, аs rightеd.

Look t the sеntеnсеsn 6 agаin ndanswerhеquеstions.

1 lnwhiсh еntеnсesou|d e thаt

instеаdf hеpronoun sеd?2 Сanwеomit hе еIati vеronounn anуof thеsеntеnсеs?hу/whуot ?

6

7

2 What оуou hink hеpUrposеf hеquеstionnairеs?

Ouestionnaire@ vou,,,at a pаrtywhe1e omeone ffers oupeaпuls ndсrisps.

Whatdoyousаy.

a

,Notat hc momeПt,hanks.'

ь ,сunl takea haпdfцlormy riвnd?,

".oь good,his s lustwhаt ,vebeвnwaitingor.,

o Y"" visita dеntistwhopoints ut hat ouпoWhavemore illings han eеth.

DoYou:aшakeаfirшresolшtiontоgiveшptakingsugarinyourroffee?.b startшsiпg ,'n;;-i;;;;stitutе, butstit|Ьаvвa hisсuitwithyoшr offee?

с lвel dертessed";;;;k

yiur motьer' ho s a tantastiс ook, omаkeyoua

сhoсolаte akе?

Gl Youarеoп hо oр loorota bui|ding' oш eed o godowп о hegroundloor'

- but he iftdoesn't omе orages.Doyou:

a tаkв hestairs?

b vvait 5miпшtвsora lift hаt oukпow snt going oсomе? .

с pretendou.le ll andwаit forsomeoneocomeandhelpyou?

o you,neighbour.hosedogyouadоrе. sksyoшo eхerсise hepet.Doyou:

vu--no to.r two.kilometre alk thrоughhерark?

h ieаve heanimal o run oundhegardeп y tself?

с throwa stiскoш ы thewindowandsettledowп owatсhTV?

Ф



Noun c|auьoь ь ьubieс|. nd obioс|8 Whiсh oun |ausеn tal iсss hеsubjесt ndwhiсh hе

objeсt f thеvеrb n themain Iause?1 l,vеheard hаtSuе sgettingmаrriеd.2 Whаt ouarе еlling е suntruе.

9 Matсh hrаsеsl_5to phrasеs-е to makе еntеnсеs ith

a noun |ause.] I havе o dеа2 What hе еасhеrssuggеsttng3 Whаt hеу skеdmе о dо4 Hаvе оunotiсеd5 Wеoftеnеar

a wilI еlо s n hееxаm.b thаt еop|еftеn uуusеlеsshings?с whаtwеknow othingbout.d wаs оmоIеtеlvnrеasonаbIе.е what ou rе alking bout.

Noun с|auьoь f|.erndireсtquo6t.on510 Look t еxamp|es_сandanswеr uеst ions_3.

a Doyouknowwhеrеhеbank s?b Саn ou е||mе f N4аggiеsЕng|ish?с Саn оu е||mеhow | d hе s?

1 What oyounotiсе bouthе еrb n hе irst аrt fеасh uеstion?

2 What oyounоtiсе bouthе еrbn hе есond art fеасh uеstiоn?

3 Whаt ords o WеUsеo ntroduсеsесоnduеst ion

whеn hеrеs nоquеstion ord whеrе,owold,whаt,when, Iс.)?

11 Rеwritehеse uestionssing hewords ivеn.

1 Whеrе oеsMaggiеo o sсhool?Doуouknow ..

2 Whаt s hеpoрulationi lrеland?Сan ou е||mе ..Has уlviа honеd?Doуouknow ..Did \4аnсhеstеrnitеd in hеmatсh?Doyouknow ..

DidN/arkuу nybrеаd?Did ounotiсе...Hоw id hеу rаvеIo Kеnуа?Doyouknow ..

Let'saсtivatеAdvоrtisingloganв

12 Ingroups,ead hеadvеrt is ing|ogansndanswеrhеquestions.1 Whаt rе hе logansdvеrt is ing?2 How uссеssfuIoуou hink hеymight е n аttraсting

attеntion?3 Whаts hеbеst dvеrtоuhаvе vеr ееn? hу idyouIikеt?

It's he obaссohatсountsulll iiii:::,,,,.,,r,,::l*:::l::U,,::rr,.,ittii:itl :::llalilliill

:"::l:::::tirrr::r'

ltII

I

Th.сar that hinks tЪa planе ]

The rainers athletesPreferl i.rlllll::l:litt":'llt:.r:.:,u:lrllll:ll'lliiiit:

..'.ж1{ ],.i*.]]]l]1]].'dii|ii]:::::l**llll:'''''.......'..]]'.i,iii:::.:::l]].],]'l9l,|lli.:i]::]::.]i'l]i]].:

Тhe rink veryоneЪalkingbout ti.

Thе аnd оu'vе 1l ееnwaitingоr ..,3;:n*i{ 1 llli:t.,rrr,***tg11gil1',,,,,,1;;l.ili 'l:ltr'l:""', ',,'." --..,.,.;:liill"tr r':'::':.1t'f*"

I

,l3 сhoоsе hrееproduсts ou Iikе ndwritе logansor hemIikе hose n 12.

Ф



TIlеIDСDwerof

tlte lDressLook t thеpiсturе.Whаt oеs t show?

Ingroups' sе hese deаs o find outabout ourpartnеrs'еading аbits.. how ftеn rеаdmаgаzinеsr nеWspapеrs. namе f mаgаzinеsr nеWspаpеrs

typе fart iс|еsfаvouritеесtionmost oringeсt ion

Listening

MultipIe atсhingRеаd uiсk|уhroughасh tеm orеaсh iffеrеntspеakеr.nсе ouhаvе hosеn nanswеrndаrе аir|yсеrtаint sсorrесt,ut hеnumbеr f hе pеаkеrеxtto hаt оtion.

3 o6Jl.l Youarеgoing o heаr ivе ournаIistsаlking

аbout he uturе f the nеwsmеdiа.Rеad hroughstatements-j. Тhеn isten nd сhoosе hе wostatementsaсh peakermakеs.Writе heappropriаtе|еttеrn еaсhbox1_10. hеrе s аn еxamplе t thеbeginning.а |Vany еws itеs n hеNеt rеmuсh еss еtаiIеdhаn

papеrsndmаgаzinеs.b In hеnеxt есаdе,hеNеtwi||nсrеаsеn mportanсе.с |nformаtionssomеtimеsеry iff iсuIto indon hе

lntеrnеt.peаKord ТhеNеtwil| dd o,notbеа substitutеor' hеnеwsn

magаzinеsndpаpers.

е Traditiоnа|еwspаpеrsndmagаzinеsi|| есоmеmorе mportant.

f Pеop|ееad hеir аi|у еws t brеakfаstr on hеwa yIO WOTK.

g Тraditionа|еwspapеrsndmagazinеsiIl otdisаppеаrn hеnеxt есаdе.

h PеopIeon't rustmanу ntеrnеtitеs.i Whеn hе ntеrnеttаrts roаdсаstingеlеvision

progrаmmеs,hеnаturе f hеWеbwiIl hаngеfundamеntalIy.

j Rеаdinghеnеws n а сompUtеrсrееns |еss njoyаb|е

thаn еаdingt n а nеwspаpеr.

Sen1

2

a

a

a

First tatemеnt Sесond tatеmеntSpеаkеr Jеssiсаеemаn 1 |aSpеakеr JohnWoodсoсk З ПSpеakеr Сhris ampbе|| 5 гSpеаker4 iсhаrdoIеburn 7Spеа|'еr Jonti mal| 9

4 Now istеn gain ndсhесk ouranswers.

2Г141. i1r)

BП10 l

Pronu сiationUsing 6tr965for mоaning

5 o6|а.zRеad hе sеntenсe e|oщ nd Iisteno it bеingsaid n fivеdifferеnt avs.Mаtсh ers ions _5 o thеirmеanings _е.I don't pеnd ours urfinghеNеt ornеws.a l '] but do hаvеhеoссаsiоnаlookb i l but dospеnd Iongimе ookingthroughhеpаpеrsс ] butmусoIIеаguеso

d ПbutIсouldе Ш but do orothеrnformation

6 ln pairs, еadout sentеnсеs and2 in wаys hatsupportmеаnings _е.1 | hinkmаgаzinеsilI t iII еpopu|arn 10yеars't imе.

a butnеWspapеrson'tb butnotnесеssariIyftеrhаtс butnotnесеssаriIymportаntd butmy riеndson'tе but dоn't now

2 |n hе uturе, hink rаdit ionа|аgazinеsilI есоmе

morе е|еvаnt.a not еsSb nоtnеw-stуlеаgаzinеsс butmyсoIlеaguеson'td butnotnowе but 'mnot urе

Ф



Speakingitimuluз-baьed diьсuььion

7 ln pairs, skandanswеr uestionsbout hеstimuIusbе|ow.. Whаtshappеning/hаsаppеnеd?. Who s/wasnvolvеd?

. Whаt o hеhеаdIinеndopinion o||еsu|tsuggеst?. Doyou hink hе еsu|tf hеpoII ould е hе аmеnvour ountrv?

о Howmuсh f what ou еаd ovoube|iеvе?

Government accuses :lpressof distortion.

Ё.fi;*

i

8 Nowgivе ourprеsеntаtiono yourgroup.

Disсussion9 6)o., ln groups, есidеwhаt ou hink sthеbеstway

to Iеarn boutwhat s happeningn thеwor|d. sе hеdia|oguеox o hеlp ou. hink bout:

thеdiffеrеnсееtwееnееing oving iсturеsndphotоgrаphs.

thеamount f nformationivеnn а rаdiо rТVnеwsitеm nd n a magаzinеr nеWspapеrrt iсlе.thе imеbusy еopIeavе o indoutwhаt's аppеningin hеwоrld.how uiсktуituаtionsаn hаngе.

Spеаkingo an аudiеnсеLook irесt lуtуoUr udiеnсе.\/аintаiningуе ontасtwiII еlp oU ommUniсаtеourmеssаgеndholdpеop|е'sntеrеst.RеfеroуoUr otеs utdonot еаdhеm ut.

Тakе dееp rеаth nd rу o projесtour oiсе o hаtyour udiеnсеаnhеаr ou lеar|y.

Government press Neitherr\п 17o/o 25% 5g%Females 14% 26% 60"Ь

20% 25% 55%

f,Е

t+I

Agrееingnd disagrеeing

A Тhе еаI iffеrеnсееtwееnVand adio еwss hеоi tu еs.

B l сouldn,t greewithуoumore Butаftеr whilе,еvеn hеpiсturеson'tmаkеmuсh mprеssionnуоu.

А Aсtuаllу,,m not sure f l аgreеwith hat.Тhеу аnbеquitе psеtt ingt imеs'

B Youhаvе point hеrе иtsomеtimеsou еe hеsаmе hing omаnу imeshаt ou ust top аkingаnуnotiсе.

А Truе.



1a

A sсrтoortrfioWhat indof tripsdo studеntsomеtimеsoon?

HowusefuIoyou hink tudentr ips rе?

Studyinghe sampleUndоrstandinghо asK3 Rеad hе ехts.gnorе hegaps.

1 Whiсh rt iс|еsаbоut:a а studvriоаbroаd? аn еduсationalis it?

2 Whiсh rt iсlе oуou hink as ееnwrittеn y:a а tеасhеr? b a studеnt?

а.memberountryf he ffiсiаl ffi * t , G4 AIl n а||

a аt hееndb tаking vеrуthingntо

сonsierаt io

5 Withoutoubta сеrtainIyb hеsitantIy

6 Apаrt omа еxсеptorb inа di[[еrеntirесt ion

Unitedations,hiсht ' tr.l.ir. ffifu;-'.*u=-l;#

Woodsideаrk сhйrepresentedamoа'he tudent ffirepresentativessetof ftheir elegat ion.' estаbiishedheninр;;,;:;^̂ ,.- ,forhe,.o

tr'.*1.кТpiffН''':fl.ff ::ж,T::l.ost f hedelegates.' , аtt ltuoents made ew i.r iendsnd heevenings.* o.й'.jЪn., l.. 'utosoсiaIising...--..--.--.-theсomments аdebymostof hestudents0

'i wonderfulimewаshadbvall ]. '

Ф

.:].].|'':i...l..l.::,.;i.....:..:,.il]]]]i'i]].]]]]]..]..r:..].],::::':]|l:::i]]:]]i:]l]::..l''........'.''...'','.'............,,,.,.]ii

Writе bout trip of yourown.Writе еntеnсеsеginningwith hеwords l_6in 6.

Annuol trip to the Sсie nce Nluseum

0nFebruaryth,hewhole four ear

travelledyсoaсho heSсienсe

Museum.heFlight alleryf he

museumontainsomempressive

full-sizedirсrаft,he eсrets fa

fl ight ox eсorderndwhatwa s

' _=- thestudents,аvourite

exhibit thеamazing|ightimu|ator l

experienсe.heSeсret

Life f he .'Home'GallerYlso ad ome ood iinterасtiveemonstrationsfщ interасtIve0emonsl la l lu| lьUl

i :

te|evisionsndCDplаyers.,-,itwasa very,enioyablei:

;;'';"-- й.nоinghrеend h.lfh.,Y]':l''.l]:

l.lio**on iams'London rаff iс ams'o

-,our сoa0n0l0пU ]::

сomputerisedrаffiсysйl 0n he 1yho*:..y^1а]ltartedli

i . . 'o.r, l. eaсhers:WhereareWegoing ext eаr?,

5|v|oDЕL UN tтЕD NAг,oNs (|v| N) сoNFЕRЕNсЕ

lnJаnuaryveryear,ver 000 ж**-*. . i

LooKing t сontоnt оtail4 Rеаd hе ехts gain.Whathappеnеd n thе wo rips?

Howdo thеwritеrs еeI bout hеm?

Stеps o bettеrwriting

СompIetеhе еxts n 3 With hesеwords ndphrasеs.

ассordingo а||n а|l аpartrom in high pir its

nеvеrthеlеss n hеir еturn thе irst ау this еаrunfortunatе|у ithout oubt

Сhoosеhесorrесtmеaning f thеsеwords.

The rightшord

iжli.*..J1*fl;i1.H,ffi1 Aссоrdingo

а in mitat ionfb asstаtеd r

rеportеdу

2 Unfortuatе|уa unIuсkiIyb hopеlеss|у

3 Nеvеrthе|еssa howеvеrb not tа|I



Цsingdifforant оrbв o giva nformation8 Explainhеmеaning f thеsе ords. sе diсt ionаryf

nесеssary.

асhiеvе аIIoсаtеapp|у dеvotе еnсouragе

еstаblishgаthеr mаintain rеprеsеnt еIесt

9 СompIеteеntеnсеs-8 with hе сorrесtormof one of

thеvеrbs n 8 abovе.] |V]orеhan 000 tudеnts in hеHаguеor he

сonfеrеnсеastmonth.2 Thе tudеnts еrе by hеir еасhеrsor hе rip

to hеHaguе.3 Evеrytudеntn hе сhoo|еar togoon hе

trl .4 Еaсh сhoo| thеmembеr f hеUnitеd at ions

it hаdbееn5 ThеUNwаs aftеrhеSесond orldWar n 1945

to intеrnatiоnaIеасеnd есuritу.

6 Studеntsrе to аkе art n disсussionst hесo fеrеnсе.Еaсh aywа sAt heеndof hе onfеrеnсе,tudеntsеlt hat hеy аd

а grеаt еа|.

Quotingdireс|. PooLh1ff Undеrlinehесorrесtnformаtiono сompIеtehе

sеntеnсes.] Wеusе сommа/сoloлo ntroduсеirесt pеесh hеn

Wе rе еport in8quotаlion.

2 Wеusе сommа/сoloлo ntroduсеirесt pеесh еforеorаftеr rеportingеrb.

Puta сommа r a сo|on ndspеесhmаrks n thе сorrесtpIaсen thеsе еntеnсes.1 ТhisWаs nеof mуgrаndfathеr,sаvouritеауingst's

nеVеroo atеo Iеarnl2 Evеrуimе sawmуgrаndfathеr,eаskеdmеHаvе ou

gota boуfriеnd?3 Timе |iеsmуgrаndfathеrsеd o sаy.

Reаd hе еxtаndput n theсorrесt unсtuationf thedirесt pеесh.

toa diffеrеntopiс ordisсussion.

an rvrntPlanning

,l3 youarеgoing owritea dеsсriptionf an event 200_250words). eсidеwhat t isgoing o bе about. hooseromonеof thеsе opiсs:. A studУrip tudеntsаvе ееn n. A сonfеrеnсеtudеntsаvе аken art n. A p|ау tudеntsаvе rittеnndpеrformеd

Ц|riting,l4 writeyourdеsсription.ivе s muсh nformations

possibIe.se hesе dеas o hе|p ou.. Whаt appеnеd. Whowas nvo|vеdо Whаt еоpIеaid boutt. Whеrеiwhen/whуt happеnеd

LheсYlng

1 5 сhесk hаtyouhavе:. dеsсr ibеdhat аppеnеd. usеd hе оrrесtunсtuаtion. inсludеdomе musingnformationrpеrsonaloints

ofviеw. writtеnhе right mount 200-250 ords).

l{riting your dеsсriptionof *:.]

f

7

8

т1

12

A formerWoodsideark tudent,ogerMorton' aswritten1

book'Neve.r1v.Goo.dbue;-

whiсhisab0utt0beшгnedintоamaiorfeaturef i lm,lha.dwrittenaс0Upleofсhaрtersаtsсhool iustforfunsaysRoger,22,ofHi l lсourtRoad,London.lсameoutofuniversityandended pwith ob didn'tWant iust oearnmoneY oger хрlain-ed.fter ixmоnths,'d

savеdenoughmoneytogotoAustral ia 'Whi leheWasthere,*o:..^:.:,,n.dwгit inghisf irstproрerotes n,.,uo* jo,o.,.Rogeraid lustthough'uo.un.::u1:,:l.^'::::,.::"' .-

сhаptersandIeft i tatthat.Now,Roger.sbookisabouttomakeittоtheсiпemasсreen.

Timingour

writingln аn еxam оuоnIY аvе Iimitеdimе оwritе асhtаsk. rу iming oursе|fhеnеvеroupraсt isеr it ingpаrtiсulаrаsk o sееhоw onghеwho|е rосеssakеs.

:,,,1r1ilttr, .tr,rl3il8 i"9?:llr'rsi31i:li1|ri{*llgi'il rsi:i*ig'i}{{legi{i1*;?8991

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Dоfining nd non.dafiningalativs |auьeь1 Undеrlinehe rеlаtivе Iausesn sentеnсеs-6.Whiсh re

dеfining ndwhiсh rеnon-dеfining?1 Thаt'shеDVD |ауеrhаt wаnt o buу.2 Friеnds,hiсhson еVеry hursdаy,sа pоpulаr

Ameriсаnhow.3 |\4у othеr, ho s a TVprоduсеr,orks еry ong ours.4 thеphоto, hiсhwаs akеn у N4ап ау, as old оr

thousandsf pounds.

5 lsn't hat hеvidеo hоpwhеrе ouusеd o wоrk?6 Mуbrothеr,hо sаn aсtor,ivеsn London.

2 Undеr|inеhесorreсt ords o сompIеtеhе sеntenсes..l Hеrе'shеbook hаt/who/whosetoldуouаbоut.2 Тhаt's hе mаnwho/whiсh/whoseаs rrеstеd.3 Тhе ans, hаt/who/whеnаdbeеnwаitingorhours,

fina||y еt hеТVstаr'4 Poliсе rе ookingоra womanwhiсh/who/whosе

briеfсаsеаs ound t hеairpоrt.5 |s hаt hе еstаurаnIhiсh/whеrе/th,rеWеnt oon

my birthday?6 Septеmbеr,hiсh/whеn/thаtwenI n hoIidау,as

wоnderful onth.7 Franсewaswhеrе/whiсh/thаthеymаdе hе i|m.B Thеуеar2001,whiсh/whеn/thоtas busу nе оr me,

wаswhеn mеtAIеxСompIеtеhе sentеnсеs ithа rе|ativе ronoun.n whiсhsеntenсеsanyouomit hеrеIative ronoun?

1 Thеrе,shеgir| l wаs еl|ingou bout.2 Тhеbook, l 'vе |mostinishеd,sbyStеphеn

Klng.3 Arе hеy hеpеop|е wе mеt astwееkеnd?4 N4у otorbikе, isvеrу ld, rokе оwn n hе

moTorway.5 Hаve ou ееn hе еathеraсkеt- Annе ought?6 Evеrуonеemеmbеrshееvеning wе аw hе

Сamеron iaz i|m.Combinеhе nformationn sеntеnсes_4with ha t na-d to writе еntеnсеsith rе|ativеIauses.1 Тhе еstаurаntsverV x0еnsivе.2 Diсkеns rotеОliver wist.3 Тhеmoviеwаs grеаt uсСеss.4 This s hе оuntry ousе.

a Iwаsborn hеrе.b Hе ivеdn LondonormаnV eаrs.с It sа favouritеith е|еbrit iеs.d Itwаs i|mеdn Arяеntina.

Noun с|auьoь a5 subj9сt and objoсt

5 Сombinеhese еntеnсessing oun |ausеs'

Ехаmplesho wаntad o buу eamotl'ling'f wаs ooeхpensive.Whаt ha wаntrd o bwу vlds ao ехponsivo,

,l Yоu rеgоing LiТоt. l lеlt .hеrе.knоlv hеrе-l knоt l '.

2 Jаdе o{сjl lе оmеthing.don't еl iеvеt.

ldon.t еl iеtе...3 Yоu rе uggеstingоmеthing.t,s gooddеа.

Whаt4 Pеoрlе rеoftеn orеd y omething.t's hаt hеу

wаtсh nТV.Pеорlе.,

5 Pеoplеovе |ауingomputеrаmеs.undеrstаndhуl undеrstаnd..

6 Yоu'rе ngrу bout omеthing.don't nowwhаt.ldon't now...

7 l'vе еаrd omе еws. urnеighboursrеmovinghоusе.l Vе .. .

8 Mаrk s е|l ingаm omеthing.t's ntеrеsting.Whаt .

Noun с|auьeь ftоr ndirgсtquоstionь6 Rеwritеhеsе uеstionssing hе words iven.

1 Whеrе'shеpost ffiсе?Dоуоuknow ..

2 Arе ougоing n ho|idаyеxtmоnth?Саn ou е|lmе ..?

3 Who s hatman?

Doуоuknow ..4 Did \4аrkоme o themееting?

Did ounоtiсе...5 Howmuсh s his асkеt?

Саn ou е|Imе ..

4



Reading7 Sсan hе ехtand ind hе аnswеrso thеquеstions.

1 Dostudеntsho hаrе housе ndhavе V etsn hеir эеdrооmsaсh ееdthеir wnТV iсеnсе?

2 Do tudеntsho еnt еоаratеoоmsn а housе асh ееd hеir wnТV iсеnсе?З Do tudеntshosе аrеntsavе ТV iсеnсеееd thеir wnТV iсеnсе?

4 Howmuсh s hе inе оrnothaving ТV iсеnсеfyounееd nе?5 Howmuсh oеs со|our V iсеnсеost?6 doyounееd ТV iсеnсеo rесord Vprogrammеsnyour idеo есordеr?7 Сan oU аy or our V iсеnсеnIinе?B How ongsa TV iсеnсеаlid or?9 Who ualif iеsorа rеfund?

' l0 Whеrе an oU indmоrеnformаtion?

ф ъте1соrтrев ТV Liс*nsing

Listening8 ,o.1Jl'+Youаrеgoing o hеаr ivе

journaIistsaIkingbout hе utureof thenewsmediа.Rеad hroughstatеments_h.Thеn istеn ndсhoosе hе wostаtеmеntsасhspeakermakes.

а Soap pеrаs аkе t eаsiеrоrtееnagerso а|k bout hеirprob|еms.

b Soap pеrаs suаlIyеа| ithrеalist iсituаtions.

с Brit ishееnаgеrsаvе iсkеd pАmеriсanxprеssionsrоm оapopеras.

d Soаp pеrаs е|po еduсatеtееnаgеrsbout hаt s rightаndwhat swrong'

е Somе oаp pеrasould аvеnеgаtiveffeсt n pеoplе.f Тееnаgеrsrеfеrowаtсh oаp

opеrаs аdе оraduItsathеrthаn hi|drеn'srogrаmmеs.

g N,4orеVсhаnnеlsou|dmеаnpoorеr rogrаmmеS.

h Soap pеras е|p еopIееа|withdiffi u tсirсu stаnсеs.

First Sесоndstatеmеnt stаtеmеnt

Speakеr П ПSpеakеr . ПSpеakеr П ПSpеakеr . П

Writing9 Сhoose ne of the itlеs ndwrite

а short isсussionssay about 00words). sе he ormbе|ow omаkе plan.

1 Dоуou hink hеrеs oomuсh

vio|еnсеnTV?2 Doyou hink oomuсh е|еvisionisbаd oryou?

/ттtrodlсctlotъ:

Poi*tз for:

Рoitъts ogoittst:

Оoтъc/цsio*:

,g1; il lfl t"',',,,,,,-,.,r*1. {:l :.:3rr ll?i r"1'rilrrrrf:'''-"".t' l}?:isa

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ф; ff i ff igFl*fiA ] з.ij-l,: i]li Ргint tr4ait

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{$ i.*е нo* г"g* ф д.-рь * AрAl€ :цFрflft {* яррie ttоге *l "** Ф l.{яе os Х ф i"iйrqЁGtl i;{а.тоFi

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Varbэшithdiffоrе.nt aаnings1 СompIеtеhеpairsof sеntenсеs ith hе сorreсtormof

oneof thеse еrbs. hеnmatсh hеvеrbs o thе mеаningsa-h.

" avoidg maintain provе strikе

1 a In1926,оhnLоgiе аird that оu ouIdtransmitiсturеsy adiо.

b Watсhingеlеvisionаs tо beonеоfourmost opu|аrаstimеs.

2 a |fУоuwant o* bаdhеadасhеs,аtсh еss V]b Brаd idn,t o o hе inеmа. еwantеdo

Phоеbе.3 a Thе rmу аthеrеdеhindhehi||,

b Althoughhе Iimbеr bуаwаsn't аdlуnjurеd.

fа|l ingoсk' е

4 a Тhеpsyсhologist thаt oоmuсh еIеvisionwаs ad or our еа|th.

b Тhеhоusеs vеrу xpеnsiveo

a kееp ngood ondit ionb say оmеthings ruес prеVеntd kееp wау romе show оmethings ruеf hit omеthing

g turn ut o bеh attасkuddеnlу

Nowьpapers2 Matсh hеsеwords ndphraseso theirdefinitionsl_8.

lf neсessary,hесk ouranswеrsn a diсtionary.

* broаdshееt" сoIumnistеditor ia|fеаturеu fоrеignоrrеspondеntgossipolumn" heаdIinеu tabloid

1 а nеwspаpеrith maIIagеs,hort rtiсlesnd ots fpiсturеsndgossip

2 а nеwspаpеrith аrgе аgеshаt еals ith еriousnеws toriеs

3 thе it|е f а nеwspаpеrrt iс|е4 an artiс|еn а newspаpе rrittеn y hehеаd f hе

nеWspapеrthе ditоr)5 a spесiа|rt iс|еn nеWspаpеrsrmаgаzinеsbout

pаrtiсu|аropiс6 part f а newspapеrherе ouсаn еаd bout amous

pеоp|е.sr ivаtеivеs7 a 1ourпa|istho еports n еVеntsnothеr ountriеs8 a journа|isthowritеsеguIаrrt iсlеsorа mаgаzinеr

nеWspаper

3 Nowсomp|еtеhеse еntеnсеsithonе of thеwords rphrasеsn 2.

1 Thе ил sа typiСaIаbloid еWspapеr.ts is uIIof се|еlэr itуtоr iеs.

2 My istеrsa - forVoguе.hеwritеsor hеmagazinеvеrуmonth.

3 Whеn ook t hе | а|rеаdynowf |'mintеrеstеdnthеart iс|еr not.

4 |prеfеro rеаd rаtherhаn roadsheеtnеWSpаpеrs.hеу'rе orе ntеrtаining.

5 Thе in hisnewspаpеr|wаysupportshеgovеrn еnI.

6 Robеrtsа - tor Тhе imеs.1e rаvе|sll ovеr hе

wоr|do rеport ndiffеrеntVеnts.7 | buy hеSundаy еWsраpеror ts on аshion.

T\,lvrogrammeь4 Lookat thеdiffеrеnt hings hatare broadсast n British

tе|evision. atсh hеprogrаmmееsсriptions_8 o thеtypeof programmе_h.1 Quеstionimе: studioudiеnсеUtshеir uеstionso

|еаdingolit iсians.2 Сomе lуWithМе..iveсoup|еsight t out оrа drеаm

hoIidаvnТokvo.Wаlking ithDinosаurs:fasсinаtingnsightnto ifеоn

Еarthn prеhistor iсimеs.ЕоstЕndеrs..ot s surorisеdhеnNiсk еturnso AlbеrtSquаrе,nd an,s mbit iousnvеstmеntIansnd nd sаppointmеnt.

5 Wееkеnd4..Theatеst еws ndwеаthеr.|us prеviеwof hеwееkеnd'sport'

abсd

Pаrkinson..\4iсhaеlarkinsonrееtsnd mееts ritish0|уmpiсhampions.Top f hеPops:hе biggеst its om hiswееk's оp20,with ivе еrformanсеs.Grаndstаndinаl сorе..hесkhе inal сorеsomingn

frоm roundhеgrоunds.musiс rogrammе е quiz howСUrrеntffairs rogrаmmе f nеws roadсаstсhat how g sports rogrammеsoаl] pеrа h doсu еntarу

rеadуо

@



4

5

Rеаd he textаnd сomр|еtе hе notеs.

1 |Vаln аrеntаl onСеrl l

2 HoursBrit ish hiIdгеnpепсlratсhing V pеrdaу:

3 Numbеr f hours hi сl еn isеthеmеdiа еr ay:

гr ssmost:4еdiumor:ng lеоplеlоLl сl

Сutоff аgе oг rеstr iсt iоtlsv pаrеПts еdia sаgе

67

I

9

Тimеоf thе brоаdсаstinglvatеrshеd'*

N4оstеgаtlvеspесt t hе ntеrnеtPеop|е ho аpprесlatе ooks:

Pаrtp|ауеd v musiс n tееnаgеrs,ivеs

*whеn du|t rogrаmmеstarto bеshownn hееvеning

l '

YtэшrъEe€рle*newmedlaA fasсinatingaссount of leisurе ime and mediа use bу

сhi ldren аnd the сonсеrns of their parеnts has bеen

published.

Parental conсerns

Parentsаre сonсerned or thеir сhi ldrenЪ afety outside

the home while young people hemsetves ay there s not

enough to do in the area where they live. As a rеsult,

u"""й o""o|e in the UK аre muсh more l ikely to. bе

*u*"йng televis ionor playingсomputergamеs than their

оontinentаl ountеrpafts.

Sсreen entertainment dominates

Тhe study looks at the usе of ТV, video, books, сomputer

gamеs,musiс аnd personal omputers. t f inds hаtyoung

peopte use thе media for around five hours eaсh day.

Тetеvisionoссupiеs аbout hаlf of this timе аnd is the

mediumwhiсh young peop|e would miss most, '

onсe сhi ldren have rеaсhed their ear|y teens many

parents сonsider it imprасtiсable for them to attem.pt

гestr iсt ions n media use in thе home.Тhеy rely on the

good judgеment of broаdсаstersand media regu|ators.

Тhis is partiоulаrly mportant to them in relation totе|evision. ighty-two еr сеnt hink he watеrshеdа ,Vеry

good idea, and 25ok onsidеr it should be ten p.m. rather

than ninе p.m,

Тhe lnternet. a twenty-first GentЦry pen.рal

The lnternet inspires both posit ive аnd negative

аssoсiations or the young. The most posit ive being a

means of I inkingBritainwith other сountries. nabl ing a

lir

iIi:.

newkindof pen-palelat ionship,1m inins*n:.o'"u'у:.::

of ongdistаnсeommuniсation ith he mmediасy f he

i"r"pi.Ъn"'тhemajordownsides theсost.

The deсline of books

Тhe ptaсeof books in уoung peop|eЪ ives is сhanging,

threatenеd both by lT аs а sourсe of information and

te|еvisionas a sourсe of narrative.Тhosewho hаve aссess

to a PC are twiсe аs likely to use that as a sourсe of

informаtion han turn to a book.Books аre not trendy; hey

arе the sort of thing ,your pаrentsapprovеof,'

Musiс' mцsiс, musiс

Тhеre s almostuniversa| ссess o аudio equipment n thе

home. The mode of dеl ivеry is of l i tt le сonsequenсe,

сontеnt s king.Musiс plаys an important ole n сhi ldren,s

and, espeсialIy,eenаgers, ivеs. lilri1:

Таlking bout ourсountry

... ln pаirs r groups' isсusshе oIIowinguеstions.. What oуou hink rе hеmаin аrеnta|onСеrnsn

уour ountry?. Whаts hеrеor oung еop|еo dowhеrе ou ivе?r Howmuсh roаdсastingndmеdiа еgu|аtions

thеrеnyour oUntry?s hеrе n еvеning atеrshеdtlmе?

. Whаt sе oyoung еop|е аkе f hе ntеrnеt?о Whаt lасе o books avеn hе ivеs fуour

f iеnds?. Whаt olе oеsmusiс |aу monghе oung еop|е

уouknow?

Ф



GrammarСompletehese entenсеsеsсribingrеsеnt аbits sing

theсorrесt ormof thеverb n braсkets:rеsentimplе'will,or аlwауs+ prеsent ontinuous.1 Dаd- (danсе)ith vеrуonеhеnWе o opart iеs.

It,s еry mbarrassing.2 I,m irеd f hе amе ld out ine.verу aу - (gеt)

Up, (go)osсhoo|,hеn (сomе)omе nd- (do)mуhomеwork

3 \4у oungеrrothеr- (borrow)yСDs t еa||уannoys е.

4 - (you/go)o hе inеmа vеry аturdаyvеning?5 N/o|lу (tа|k)|| hе imеwhilе ,m istеningo

musiс' t .s еrу nnoуing.6 N4y еst riеnd- (ask) е o hе|p еrwithhеrhomеwork.don'twаnt оbut t,s iff iсuIto rеfusе

СompIetеhesе entеnсеsеsсribingаsthabits. seusеdto,or wouldwhеrеver ossib|е. orе hаnonеаnswеrmaуbe (orrесt.,l Whеnеvеrwаson holidаy,- (get p) vеrу

morningtmidday.2 Whеn wаs сhi|d't

duringummеr.(bе)unny vеrу аy

3 0ur Mаthsеaсhеr- (givе)ong,omp|iсаtеdеxp|аnationshat oonеundеrstood.

4 Еvеrуimеmy аthеr еft hеhousе, е-.(forgеt)his ront oor еуs .

5 A boy nour Iаssast еar (arr ivе)аtеorIеssonsvеrymorning.

Сombinehesе airsof sеntеnсеso makеonеsеntenсеusing dеfining r non-dеfininge|аt ivеIausеndasuitаb|еronoun.1 Thiswatсhwаs birthdауrеsеnt.4y oyfriеndavеmе

thewatсh.2 Тhе сhooI аs vеr ,000 tudеnts.y istеr oеsо hаt

sсnoo.Pеtеrs15yеаrs Id. еtе/sathеrs n аdvеrtising'I boughthеsе ooksn Pаris.hеbooks rе ery Id.Thаt s hе pоrts|ub.thаs n0lympiс wimmingpool.|\4уеw rеssspalе |uе.boughtt na salе.ТhеhotеIn Budapеst аsеxpеnsivе.е tayеdhеrе.Mуnеighboursvеry iсе. \/yеighbourе|pеd е nthеgаrdеn.

4 Matсh hеbеginnings-5 o thееndings_e o makе nеsеntеnсeontainingnoun Iausе sa subjeсt r objесt.

1 | rеаl|уеgrеt .2 whаt ouarе ryingo еxp|аin..3 Sam as ound uL ..4 hаvе ouеVеr ot iсеd..5 what еoоlеhink ..

... hаt hе kу ssobеautifuInwintеr

...whаt sаid оуоu еstеrday

...whаt ou rеpIаnningogivе im orhisbirthdaу

... ssomеtimesiffеrеntromwhаt hеy aу

... mаkеs osеnsе talI o mе

Сombinеhеsе еntеnсеso makе oun Iausеs.

1 Youwant ogoskiing.don't nowwhy.2 l\4уr iеndsаvе onе omеwhеrе.don,t nowwhеrеt

is.3 Тhеу skеd s odosomеthing.twаs o сomp|еtе

оuеst ionnairе.4 Somеоnееft еhindhеir iсt ionаrv.don,t nowwhо

rIwas.I putmуglassеsomеwhеre.rеmеmbеrhеrе.Pеtеrsupsеt bout is xam еsu|ts.undеrstandhy.

СompIеtehe sеntenсes ith hе сorreсt rеposition.

=as::. in-

of :.on....tо with

1 Тhеrе'sopoint watсhingV ust оr hе akеof t.Why on't ou еаd book nstеаd?

2 ranуa tаrеd ut thесаf6window.twаs9o'с|oсkndPеtеr t iII аdn,turnеd p.

3 Тhе moUnt f vio|еnсеnТVсouId avе nеgativееffесt- сhi|drеn.

4 Gаmе howsеа|lуon't ppеа| mе. hеу'rеoftеn oring ndprеdiсtаblе.

5 Iwou|dn'tеgard ysеlf a TVаddiсt,on|ywаtсh еlеvisionor wohours day.

6 l\4yrothеrs rеа||ybsеssеd p|аyingomputеrgаmеs.

abсdе

56

Ф



VoсabularyСomp|еtеhеsеntеnсеsith hесorrесtormof thеwords n braсkеts.1 Аftеr sеVеrеroughtnAfr iса.hоL;s;гсlsf pеоplе

wеrе еpеndеntn ntеrnаt iоnahaгit iеsоr(suvivе).

2 Tinа есidеdo mаkе month-

сOntr ibUtе)tohесharitу r iеndsf hеЕarth.

3 Nowadауshеrе rеmаnt' ndаtlgеrеdpесiеshat rеon hеbrink f (ехt inсt ' .

4 Тhе nсrеasеn аir iрo|lutе)еаnshаt |obаlwarming i|| ont inuеogеtWorsе.

5 Somе еоplеhink t 's ruе|o kееp iId nimаlsn

- (сaptrvе).6 Environmеntalrganisationsrе еtt ingpprogrаmmеS

of (соnsеrvе)n аn attеmpto rеduсеo||ut ion.

Сomp|еtehеgаpswitha suitablе ordсonnесtеd it htеIevision.hе irst еttеr f еaсhword sgiven.

,| Соuid ou аssmе hе -с-, plеаsе?2 Howmanу е|еvision arе hеrеn Britаin?3 |fуouhavе v- athomе, ou|dou - thе

Iatе ighti|m оrmе?4 Тhеrе omеntеrеstinghings ns- ТVbut t s

quitе xpеnsivеo hаvet nstallеd.5 Whаt inds fTVp- doУou ikе owаtсh?6 It's otpossib|еogеt good V есеptionеrеwithout

an a_7 We аn,t еtа good V есеptionn thisаrеabесаusе е

аrе oo arаwау om hе -

8 Is hisnеw omеdyilmеdn hе е|еvisiоn

Rеarrangеhе words n italiсs o makеwords onnесtedwith hеmеdia.1 A good dvеrt is ingolоgnan е|po sе|| prоduсt.2 Thеpsеrs a|havе grеаtnfluеnсеn pеop|е.3 Whаt indоf mаzgоеnisoyou ikе o rеаd?4 l rеаd vеrу ood liсrtеn hеpapеr еstеrdау.

5 Doуоu hink hе trеnеnti|| vеr еplaсееwspapеrs?6 Havе ou ееn hеhdеаnilеsn thеpapеrodау?7 |s tbаoild sma|| еwspаpеr?

8 Why oyou hink еop|ееad issopmnulosnnеwspаеrs?

Тhоrightvrordз-l,..lСhoosеhе сorrесt ption, , b or с,to сomp|еtеhе ехt.

.

t: r

Savеd from an iсy hеllWheп Mike Striпger wаS it1vitеd to go oп ап f

iпtroductorуlpihесourse| еgot more hапhe :bаrgаiпеdor.Сlimbing mountains is not for thе 1

-- . We sеt off from .i:

our Alpinе сhalеt at 4 a.m. and 2- oul Way to thе

:lWеissmiеsmountain. our guidе assurеdus that it would bе

'.n .еasy, 4,000-mеtrесlimb, but although things ]iwеll, by ninе a.m. thе wеathеr was gеtting bad. .]l

Wе werе about 100 mеtrеs from thе top of thе mountain, .:''

whеn disaste|1 -. Мy fтiеnd Damon slippеd suddеnly i1.and

,- a narтOwopеning in thе roсk. onе of thе guidеs i].

hеld onto Darrton,s ropе, but sеvеral roсks fеll and hit .i:..

Damon,s lеg. Silеnсе,shouts, silenсеagain.A simplе- ссidеnt

'as going to turn an еasyсlimb into a majoт resсuе6

:-. ]iвйo,i*u, slowly 7 the сreviсе and on to thе snow .i:

slopе. Hе was suffеringo-- a brokеn lеg, sо onе of

ln:..l.,

g,,й", suggеstеd alling thе еmеrgеnсysеrviсеs. t Wasat that.i '

i _- thut thе limitations of modеrn teсhnology bесarnе;]

apparеnt. All of our пrobilе phonеs failеd to gеt any .i]

сonnесtion. Bluсе, our sесond guidе, bеgan an hour,s сlimb .;downhill whеrе hе hopеd to 'o -.- a signal. ]i

Fouт hours latеr it Was ' .- сold and darnp and thеIе .. l

was still rro12-of a rеsсuе еam. If wе stayеdwhеrе wе ':.''

Wеrе, no onе would arrivе bеforе nightfall whiсh mеant a }

frееzing, slееplеss night at З,800 mеtrеs. Butshould wе

}'. - thе risk оf moving Damоn? :

It was two p.m. whеn wе finally dесidеd to lowеr Damon1

down the snow slopе. n - wе hadn,t got far Whеn.wе 's:

spottеd thе rеsсuе tеams. Soon a hеliсoptеr was сirсlin'g i:

abovе us and Damon was winсhеd up to safеty.In futurе I,1l gl

think twiсe Lrеfoте limbing a mountain.сеnt ondon hеОbsеwer{.

t

1 a fаint-hеartеd2 a WеntЗ a stаrtеd vеr

4 a hаppеnеd5 a fеl| own6 a advеnturе7 a сIimbеdutof8 a from9 а sесond

10 а piсk ut11 a growing12 a sign13 а mаkе14 a GratеfuIly

b strong-hеartеdb tookb stаrtеd ff

b сamеb droppеdownb opеrat ionb pu||еdutofbofb pointb piсk vеrb doingb mаrkb hаvеb lhankfully

с wаrm-hеartеdс mаdес stаrtеdp

с struсkс Wеnt ownс or0eаIс movеd utofс fo rс minutес piсk pс hаvingс signаlс tаkес Hopеf |y

''';il9



1

2

iОсltof arтdio

Desсribе hat's appeningn thеse iсturеs'

Thеse iсturеs rеa|I onnесted ith Bo|Iywood ovies.Whеre oyou hink he namе Bol|ywood'сomes rom?

Rеading3 skim read he extand indoutwhаt hеWoman

rесеivinghеaward oеs ora Iiving.

Тruеor faIse uеstionsRеmеmbеrhat omе, utnot II f hе nformationnthеsеntеnсе ight есorreсt.hесk oth hеsеnrеnсеand hе еxt arеfuIIyеforеoumakе our есision.

4 Dесidewhеthеrhе nformationn sentеnсеs_8 strue

(Т) r fаIse F).1 П Тhеdёсor f Nаir's ffiсеss rеminisсеntf hеr аtеstfi lm.

2 П onеof Nаir 'sirst oсumеntаriеson еvеrаlwаrds.3 П Nair'sаr ly еаrs ad grеatnfluеnсеnhеr UtIook

оn Iifе.4 П Hеr atеsti|m sсomp|еtе|yiffеrеntrom thеrshе

hаsmаdе.5 П Тhе ain hеusеdn hеoriginа|fоotаgеf Monsoon

Wеdding аs akе.6 П Nаir s ovеrjoyеdhaIМonsoonWеddingаs uсha

h t.7 П Hеr ami|y е|pеder opurсhаsе any f hе

prоpsоr MonsoonWеdding.8 П Nair ook З mеmbеrsf hеr аmilyoVeniсеоr hе

fi|m rеmiеrе.

I\4irarJairЕveC]axtonntersheworld f MiraNair,whereNewDelhimeets ewYork

IBritish irwаys

MiraNаir,s ffiсes,ustoffMadison quare n NewYork, repaintedtwo ones a Wаrm range nda bo|d unshinee||ow.heare alI oo аmiIiarromNаirЪ 002 it i|m,MonsoonWedding,Ьoutсhaotiс unjabi edding't ee|s ike ndia r ight ere n NewYorkYou ou| d |most istakehehum fyeI|owabs or iсkshaws.

Nаir was eduсаted n New Delhiаnd at Harvаrd n Ameriсa.disсoverediIm n herear|y 0sandbeganmaking oсumentariеssuсhpowerfuIubjeсts s Indian-Ameriсanmmigrants.ut t was1988,with her first Ii|m,Salaam Bombaу, hat NairЪ i

reputаtionas aunсhed.he iIm, bout ndian treet hi|dren.iсup heprestigiousаmera '0r at Cannes s we|| s 25otherworldwide.

Тhe woman itt ing quare|yn the |arge erraсotta-сolouredeaаrmсhаirs a direсtor n op 0f hergаme. airwаs born n 1957spenther earl iеst eаrs n а sma|l emoteown.where he grewwithher mother.wo brothers ndher аther, retired iviI ervаnt.was Iife n his emote oсationhаt nspired n eаrIv esire or rand new experienсes.|don,t now f t was a senseof destiny,,Nai1 butdefinitеlya|wаys ad а suresenseof wanting o knowbigger orld' nda sense f oсus,,

Nаir begins o tаIkabouther irstpost.Weddingrojeсt,he re ссomp|etеd уsteriсal l indлess, hiсhwas made or a US ТV сhannelOstensib|y,tЪ a departurеor Nair,who,untiI oщ has made ieither bout ndia, r Indians.nstead.his one tel ls of two white



l=r

*

*atё'

гking-сlass omen oaminghe bаrsof New Jerseydesperаte|y

or ove.

l\enshegot heсaIl sking er o direсthe i lm, hewas n Bombay.

е had ost ootageromМonsoonWeddingn a freakX-rаyaссident

airport, nd so threemonths ater, e foundourselves e-

n Bombay,'says аir. hanks o a |arge nsuranсe аyout

theaссident,hehаd unds o spаrе.Тhistimewe сouId ffordo

rain ,she аys, аughing',Theirstt imewe were shootingn thе

monsoon.he sесond imewe had аs muсh ake ainas we

nted,Nаir s stiII evеlIingn the dea hatMonsoonWedding,he Iitt|e

r she made or hersеIf nd her ami|yhаsbeсome omethingf a

big iIm.,Hеrami|y,he says,hаvebeen mmense|y

fher iIm-making'hootinghe iIm n New DeIhi aveher

0pportunityo workwithherextendedami|y ndmany f hеprops

ostumes ereborrowedrom ami|y embers.Everymembеr f7 fami|y ppearsn the dаnсing nd as extras.Whenwe wеre n

or heworldpremiere. eWere pаrty f 23,,says air.,HаIf

Weremy eal ami|y ndhаIfwere he i lm ami|y,heсаstwh o

hem '

,,,:.:.,:::.:.:.8,.rrr.,r.3r.ili*Y::t:l:::r:ir-,.-.-::r3 &.rgftr'*i'*:t"i:"r,,.r,,.,,,,,ri,,i:r,,*-,-,,*,1g{i' l9ttt""'t:t"t"'

l'*

Voсa u a y

Fitm.maКing5 ExpIainnyourownwords hеmeaning f hеphrаsеs

а_j. Sоmе f themаppeаr n thе еxt.) hеnusе hem oсompIеteеntеnсеs-10.a mаking oсumеntаriеsb powеrfulubjесtsс piсkеd pаn awardd аppеаr sеХtrаsе wоrld rеmiеrе

l\4irа,s might еаnothеri|m bout еw ork.Shе for hеr i|mМonsoonWеdding.Doyou hink hе i lms hаtmakе ou ее| оod rе hosеwith ?

4 |\4irаswе|| nownormaking xtraordinаrуilmswithhighly

5 Hеr еa|аmi|y inonеof hеr i|ms.6 She tаrtеdеr arееr у .7 A|| еr i|ms еа| i th l ike mmigrat ion.8 Workingn i|ms ith саnbеvеrу iff iсu|t

indееd.9 Сhoosinghе ight to p|ay iffеrentartss

еssеntiа.

, l0 |Vеmbеrsf Nаi/s аmiIy ttеndеdhеVеn се.

in

Disсusshе olIowinguestions. Why rе ow-budgеti|msikeN4ira,somеtimеshugе

su сеss?о How iff iсu|tоуou hink twould е o mаke fi lm?. Who oуou hink s morе mportаnthеnmаking

fi|m:hе аs t r hеdirесtor?hv?

f саst n)g |owbudgеtsh unusual lotsi happу ndingsj nехt rojесt

123

@



Qlлiсfl< qrЦ''-z

,l Сomp|еteеntеnсеs_ЗWith hесorrесt еnsе: ,s tsimplе,pаstсontinuous, r pastperfeсt.1 Wеusе hе to alk bout nасt iоn hiсh

happеnеdеforеnothеrсt ionn hеpаst.2 Wеusе hе tosеt hеsсеnеnа story.3 Wеusе hе todеsсr ibеomp|еtеdvеntsn

thеOast.

ln pairs, есidе hiсhwords r phrаsеs eusе ) o tа|kabouta rеsu| t nd b) o givеa rеason.

bесаusе so so .. hаt

Look t hеpiсturе. hаt oyou hink hеwomаn, arаhRenny, oеs or а Iiving?

Rеad аragraphsаnd2 of thеart iсIеbout аrаh ndput hеsе vеntsn theordеr n whiсh hеy ссur.1 П Sarаh eсidеdo mаnufaсturеoосorn.2 П Sаrahook n ]6 еmо|ovееs.3 ] Sаrаh еnt асkpaсkingn Аfriса.4 П Sаrаh еgano work romhomе.5 П Sаrаh rаduatеdrоm nivеrsitу'6 П Sarаh idsome еsеаrсh.

Rеad aragraphof thеart iс|еndput hеvеrbs _12inthе сorrесtensе: ast implе r past оntinuous.

Read aragraphof thеаrt iсIеndundеrIinehесorrесttеnsе: ast impIе r pastpеrfесt.

look at how hewords n boldareusеd n paragraph.

Then omp|etееntenсеs_3using hеwords еlow.aftеr bеса sе whеn

.l Sаrah as blе о survivе shе есеivеdе|p romhеr аmiIy.Sаrаh есаmеuссеssfuI shеhаd оId еr dеаtоsupеrmаrkеts.

сl iеntsamе oSarаh,sff iсе,hеy xpесtеdofind n o|dеr еrson.

Narrative еnses:Gontinuous, astand Gontinuous

Pastsimp|е,pastperfеGt imple

Popgoesthe

cash tilll Whеn an idеa poppеd into hеrhеad, 26-уear-oldSаrah Rеnnvrеаlly got сrасking With a$з,000 oan Sаrah Iaunсhеdhеr businеsswhiсh sоonbесamе worth а staggегing$8,000. t аl l сamе aboutbесаusеSaгah,who studiеdmaths at univеrsity, ouIdл,tsеl.tlе owл to a iоb aftеrgraduаting,

so shе dесidеd togo bасkpaсking аround Afгiсa., l wаs travеl l ingand I wаshaving a fantastiс imе, buL I

Whеn Sarah I wепt/hаd Тore to thе bank to askfor a loаn, thе managеr, сlskес\/асtаskеdhеr towritе a businеsspIan. Shе , stаrtеd/ аd stqrtеd hеbusinеss n Marсh аnd by thе еnd of thе Уеаrshеomаdе/ hаd mаdе а big profit' Sarah .

fouiа/

hаd found t diffiсult аt first bесausе shеunеvеrrаn/ hаd tlеVеr un a businеss bеforе. Aftеrshe- workеd/hасl workеd or а yеar, thingsugot/ hаd got еаsiеr.

ran ouI of monеy. I had to go homе aftеr I hаd bееntravеl l ing oг a fеw months, bul I wаs dеtеrminеd torаisе hе monеy to go аgain.,Sarah startеdwoгking from hеr homе inGlouсеstеrshiте,mporting novеlty food fromAmеriсa to sеll in supеrmarkеts. SЬе had iustintеndеd Lo makе а l it l .|еmonеy, but shе wаs bi ltеnby thе businеssbug. Shе wаs doing somе геsеarсhwhеn shе hit on thе idеa oГ mаnuiaсtuгing top-сlаsspopсorn. Shе didn,t еvеn еat it hеrsе|Г- but shе wasso сonvinсеd thеrе was a mаrkеt for it that shеdесidеd to risk sеtting up hеr own сompany. Bеforеlong shе had takеn on 16 pеoplе.Whеn Sагah ' rbеginl iooking fo rсustomеrs,shе .

--- (appгoaсh,1nе of thеbiggеst supеrmarkеtсhains. ,|t .--- (bе)whел I .

-- (еxplain,)my idеas tо thеm thatthеy ,

-- (bесomе) еаl ly ntеrеstеd n thеprоduсt,,saysSаrah. l .

-- (bе)dеl iяhtеdwhеn thеу (dесidе)Lo buy thгеЁ of mvhomе-madе flavours.Shе 8

-- (do) furthеr

rеsеarсhon thе flаvours whеn shеo--- (win) ordегs fгom sеvеn big

supегmаrkеts. [ 'o --- (not bе) a]wаУsеasv,howеvег.Тhеrе wеrе а [еw months whеЬ shе', -

(work) a|l d'aу n thе offiсе and shе' ' --- (supеrvisе) ork al l night in thеfaсtory.



8 Rеad еntеnсеsl-4 and dесidе f thе underIinеdеrbsarе n pastperfeсt imp|е r pastperfесt ontinuous.

1 Nobоdy ad houghtf hе dеa еforе аrah amеUpwith t.

2 Aftеr arah adbееn ravе||ingor еvеrа| onths,hеrеturnеdomе.

3 Sarаh amе omе есаusееrmonеy ad unout.

4 Sarаh adbееn xportingovе|tyood romAmеriсаwhеn hеhiton he dеа f making opсorn.

9 (ompIeteuIes l аnd 2 with hе сorreсtеnsе: astperfесt imp|e r pastperfeсt ontinuous.

Rulеs.l Wеusе hе to a|k bout сomplеtеdсt ion

or statеn hеpаsthаt appеnеdеforеnothеrсt ionin hеpast.

2 Wеusе hе tо аIk bout naсt ionnprogrеssn hеpаst hiсhwas ntеrruptеdyanothеrасt ionn hеpast.

10 Сhoosеhе сorreсt ensе n sentеnсes--4.] Sаrаh аd еseаrсhеd/hаdеen еsеаrсhinяlаvоurs hеn

shеwonordеrsrom upеrmarkеts.2 Sаrah аdborrowеd/hоdeen orrowingЗ000 есаusе

shеwаntеdo start еrownсompany.3 Bеforе hе tartеd еrbusinеss,arah аdn,t

ехpeсtеd/hаdn,tееn хpeсtingo bе sо suссеssfuI4 AftеrSarah аd workеd/hаdееnworking || ау n thе

offiсе hе upеrvisеdork || ightn hе асtorу.

Adverhсlauses11 Advеrb Iauses ivеus more nformationbout erbs ndmakеour sentenсеs orе nteresting.ndеrIinеhеadvеrb lausеsn sеntеnсes_6, henmаtсh hеm o thetypes f сlausе -f bеIow.,l l wеnt oAfr iсa o hаt сould/inrdеr osееwiIdIifе.2 Аtriсa as oеnormoushаt mаnagеdo sее еry itt|е

of t.3 | Iikеd friса есausе/аs/sinсеt wаs o diffеrеntrom

othеr ontinеnts.4 If wеntbaсk o Afriса,wоu|d tау or |ongеr.

5 Whi|еwаs hеrе,dida |ot f rаvе||ing.6 A|thoughdon,t ikе hеhеаt, еnjoуеdеingn Afr iса.

a сo d t iob reasonс t imеd rеsute сonсеssionf purposе

Сomplеtеentenсеs_6With hеsеwords ndphrasеs.

."аIthough..есausе' i f * so trso... hаt* whi|е

1 | Iikе еingmyownboss Iсаnmakеmyowndeсisions.

it'shаrdwork, ,d аther ork ormysеIfhаnanyonе |sе.

3 I borrowеd3'000 I сou|d еtUpmуownbusi еss.4 - |was oingmуассounts,supеrmаrkеt

phonеd е o ordеr omе opсorn.5 |was еxсitеdbout hеordеr I had

tophonе fr iеndo еII еr l6 - l hаd hе monеу,'dgobaсk о Afriса

tomorrow.

13 writesixsеntеnсеssing aсh ypeof advеrb lause:сondition, urpose'ime'сonсession,eason, nd rеsuIt.

Let's aсtivateЬ|uden|. cafil

14 lmaginеouandуour r iends tartеd p a lunсhtimеafёat sсhool woyеars goand t wasa hugе uссess.nsmа|I roups,makе Iist f quеstionso askeасhotherto findout:. whеrе tudеntsаdbееn oingorsnaсks еforеougot

thе dеа.. what ouWеrе oing hеn ougot hе dеa or hе afё.. whУ ou houghthе afёmight еsuссеssfu|.. whvVoUWеrе еtеrminеdo makе sUссеssf thесafё.. how ouadvеrtisеdhесafё.. whаt аppеnеdеxt.. howmuсhmonеу oumаdе.. howworkingor oursе|fompаrеdithworkingor

somеonе|sе.

15 Nowaskyourpartners ourquestionsbout hе сafё'

12

Ф



BeаCingr tlтest'

Look t thеphotographs.еsсribehе workthese еop|еredoing.What kiIIs r quaIit iеsopeopIe eed o do thesеobssuссеssfulIу?

2 Inpairs, isсuss hiсh f the obs ou hinkare:a morе uitab|еormеn.b morе uitab|еorwomеn.с diff iсu|t/еаsyorbothmеn ndWomеn.

Listеning

Identifyingtatеmеntshе speakеrs akеThе pеakеrsaymakе tatеmentshiсh ound imilarto or rеfеro hosеn hе ask utwhiсhmеаnsomеthinguitе iffеrеnt.

3 d)," Youarеgoing o heаrDarren iIkinsntеrviеwingRасhеl ndеrson, fеma|еootbаIIgеnt. irst, еadthrough tatеmеnts_10 arеfuIly.hеn istеn ndwritеR bеsidе hеstatemеntsасhеImakеs, besidеhosеDarrеnmаkеs, nd N bеsidehosеnеithеr pеakеrmаkes., l П Raсhе|sеd оbеa 1ournа|ist.2 П Raсhе| еt ootbaI|еruIian ta prеSsоnfеrеnсе.3 П Womеn rеnotassuссеssfulsmеn t handIinяhе

prеss.4 П Rасhе|есаmе footbalIgеnt yсhаnсе.5 П Plауеrsееd nothеrob o a|| асk n.6 П Rасhеlееmso bеmaking Iot f moneу.7 П Rасhе|as |wауsovеdootba||.

8 П Rасhе|еvеr lауsootbа|lеrsе|f.9 П Suссеssn ootbа||оеs оtdеоеnd n

whеthеrou rеmа|е r emа|е.10 П Rасhе|'sаmiIysdе|ightеdith hе ontасts

shеmаkеs.

4

:-

Listеn gain ndanswеrhеquеstions.1 How idRaсhе|есomе fооtba|lgеnt?2 What rеWomеnomеtimеsеttеr tdоinghаnmеn?

3 Whаt oеs footbа||gеnt сtua||yo?4 What Xpеnsеsoеs асhе|аvе opау utof hеmonеy hе arns?

5 What oеs асhе|'sаmiIyhink f hеrbеing footbа|lаgеnt?

Eхplainn yourownwords hе dioms n tаliсshatDarrеn nd RaсhеI sе.] I'vеbeеndуing o аskyou.2 Тhе еportеrsаngivеplayеrs hаrd imе.3 PIayеrsouIdn'tеa||уеаlwith hеprеssеrywе|l.4 Thingsjustook t'JfromIhere.

5 |Imаkеs еnsе.6 Тhаt ounds ike n оw|ul otof monеy.7 |I's owhеrееar smuсh s t sounds.8 Itmust ivе hеm |ot f strееtrеd.

PronunсiationVovrоl60unds

6 Mаtсhhеwordsn еaсh rouphathave he ame owе|sound.1 faсt

2 sеnsе3 womеna joь5 rugOy

happу

sсеnеinju еdon yhugе

pay

meаntimеfromMUSI

mа|еp

еss8ivеmoslUnnаppy

@7 Q'., Now isten nd сheсk ourаnswеrs.



Speakings Q)'., Disсusshisquestion. sе hеdiaIoguеox o

hе|p ou.Do ou hinkmеn ndwomеn rе ookingor hе аmеthingsn Iifе? hу/Whуot?

i UsingiIlеrsA l think owаdaуsomеn аnt imilarhingsomеn.B Hmm,l'm ot urеf |аgrее ith haI. ou now.

thinkmеn ndwomеn rе ookingоrdiffеrеnthingsin Iifе.l,Уel/,supposеouсouIdэе ight,эutwhаt lэoutthingsikе IaуingootbaIl?hеrе rе lotof еmаlеfootbа|||ауеrs.s а mаtter | асt, p|аyootbа||orа |oса| omеn'sеаm.5o, oumight есоmеnothеr аvid есkhаmasortof f еma|е upеrstа l

Bеliеve e, I wouldn'tWаnt haI. nуwау,hеrе's otmuсh hаnсе f hat appening,s hеrе?Younеvеr now

A shortpresentation9 Youarеgoing o givеa shortprеsеntаtiontwo r thrее

minutеs) n .AsuссеssfuIerson'. esсribеomеonеromyour ountry r thеЕnglish-spеаkingorId.nсludе:. whаt hеpеrson oеь r hаs onе. whаt bstасlеshеу vеrсаmе. whаtmаkеshеm utstаnding

10 InsmаI| roups' ivе ourрrеsentation.ftеr aсhstudеnt as inishеdhеirprеsеntаtion'hink f onеquеstiono ask hеm bout t. Forеxamplе:

. Whу idуou hоosеhispаrtiсu|аrеrson?

. Whу oyouadmire r rеspесthеm?

. What ffесt а suссеssаd n hispеrson?

. What oyou hinkwiIl аppеno his еrsоnn thе

. futurе?lf hереrsons til| Iivе.) . ;l :

r--I-"

т Soundbites-onо1,monоI,monоY

11 сo6Js.аListеn o Moneу,monеу,moneу уAbbа andсomp|еtеhеwords.

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,t2 Answеrhеquеstions.

1 Whаt ind f Iifе o hе ingеrsаvе?2 Whаt аy fmаking onеу avеhеy reаmеdf?3 WhуwоuIdhе dеа robab|уotwоrk?4 Doуou grее ith hе tаtеmеnt:It 'sa riсhman's

world?'Why/Whyot?

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Сhoosehе сorreсt efinition, or b, of the wordсIoning.a сrеatingpеrson rаnimaIdеntiса|oаnothеrb сopуinghе hаrасtеristiсsf а pеrson r hing

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verbs.

* ассеpt* bе * сonsidеr disаgrее put orward

" rеjесt

1 Many rgumеntsavе ееn in аvour f

с|oning.2 Mаny еoplе avе thе dеа hatwеshou|dсlonе umans.

3 Wе hould how hе hi|dmightее|.4 |\4ostеop|еаnnot thе dеа f с|oning

numans.5 Тhеrе onеor wo trongrgumеntsor |oning

humаns'6 Тhеpоint- that hе hi|d ou|d еаn dеntiса|

twin.7 | amаfrаidwould аvе o

viеw.

Sinсе Dolly Wassuссеssfutlyсlonеd in 1997, therchavе bееn еndlеss argumеnts about whеthеrsсiеntists should сlоnе human bеings.

As far as I сan sее, hеrе havе bееn thтеemain

rеasonsput forward foт сloning humans. Thе firstadvantagе s that a сouplе who at thе momеnt сan,thavе сhildrеn will bе ablе to havе them. Thе sесondis that, if a сhild diеs, thе family might Want tobring it baсk somеhow * and thе third and finalIеason is that stеm сеlls сould bе usеd to сurе Somеof thе disеasеshumans suffеr from at prеsеnt.

I, pеrsonally, am not in favour of thе first twothings. In faсt, I find thеm quitе disturbing. Thеpoint is that a сhild produсеd by сloning would be

likе an idеntiсal twin of thе original, so physiсallyvеry similar. on thе othеr hand, thеsе two pеoplеwould havе сomplеtеly diffеrеnt pеrsonalities.Sесondly, t,s my opinion that сhildrеn should bеwanted for thеiт individuality. In making a сopy, thеparents arе delibетatеly rying to speсify thе waythеy wish thе сhild to dеvеlop. Finally, wе shouldсonsidеr how thе сhild might fееl about this in latетlifе _ and rеjесt this usе of сloning.

To sum up, dеspitе onе or two algumеnts put

forward in favour of сloning humans, I fееl that thеmain disadvantagеof сloning is that families сrеatеdin this way would not providе a normalеnvironmеnt for thе сhildrеn to grow up in.

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3 Wе houId еаbIe oсhoosеhе harасtеristiсsfоurсh Iden.

ln spitaof/doьpi|o7 кеаd hе exp|anationnd heехamples _с.Тhеn

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/dеspitehе асtthоtbеfore сlausе.

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с ln spitеof thе 'асt hаt/Despite he aсt thаt it wаs

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12

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nothаving uсhmonеy, еhad grеat

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2 Тhе iсh houIdhаrе lI hеirwеа|th ith hеpoor.3 SmokinghоuId еbаnnеdn pubIiс |асеs.

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9 Usеonе of thеphrases_с o exprеssiews or andagainst tatеments,l-3.

Ехаmple

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1 lt wou|d еwondеrfuIo сrеatе human еingust ikеoU sе|vеs.

2 Nobodyаnhavе oomuсh ntе||igеnсе.3 Who oU rе smuсhmorе mportanthanwhаt ou rе.

Planning10 Ingroups, есidewhiсh tаtеmentn 9 youаregoing owritеabout.

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Looking t both idеs f an argumеntRеmеmbеro nс|udеiеws oudonotagrее ithbеforеstatingour Wn pinion ndgivingеasonsordisаgrееingith hеsе oints f viеw.

11 Nowwritе ouressay bout200_250 ords.. Inс|udеsuitablееrsonа|ntroduсt ion. Writеn а suitablееrsonа|ndlormpеrsonaItylе. Еxprеssеrsonа|pinionsnyour onсlusion.

CheсKing12 сheсk hatyouhavе:

. inс|udеdiffеrеntaуs f prеsеntingnargumеnt.

. writtеnhе ight mount 200-250 ords).

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whеn е (fal| vеr).2 lt- (rаin) hеn hеy (sеt ut) n

tnе oUrnеy.З PauIа (|oоkut) f hе а fёwindow hеn

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(fol|оw)im.5 N4att (wаtсh)vidеowhеnhе

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Тhе un (shinе)right|yswе(jog) longhеbеасh.

8 Whеn hеy (аrrivе)t hеpartу Vеrуonе(dа се).

UnderIinеhе сorrесtormof thе verb n sеntеnсеs_8 '1 Sаrah аs urprisеdy hе uссеssf hеrpopсorn

businеss.hedidn,t хpесt/hаdn'tхpесtеdt tо lэе оpоpuа .

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3 AftеrТanуa'inishеd/hоd'inishedеading еrboоk, hеwеnt/hоdone o bеd.

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3 Undеr|inеhесorrесtormof thеvеrb o сomplеtеhеtеxts.

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A lеvеlswhеn shе startеdwork on an

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mo.ni,-'gt ' hсlvе lаппеd/ аd bееп lаппiпg,o takеa

yеal out aftеrmy еxams,but now I,m just too busy.,

2

A British сlinrЬеr hasgonе rnissingon Мount Еvеrеst.Paul Stеinеr 5hаt1tpеп,t/аd bееn "pеп,liцrnorе han ]5yеаrsсiimЬing рrоfЪssionally rrd hаr] l,iпlbеr]/аr]bеес|irпbi,щvеrеst thrее timеs Ье{Ьrе. еsсuе tеamshavеЬееn working round thе сioсk to ioсаtе him.

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been erving.l0-yеаrеntеnсeSorаrmed obbery.r ison ff iсer

didn,t otiсe hat heyuhadgone/ adbeengoing ntil twas too

Advогbc|auьoь4 Сombinеhе sеntеnсеssing hеwords n braсkеtsnd

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that)3 |gоt o hе onсеrtn imе . hеrе еrеn,tnу iсkеts

Iеft.although)

4 Тhеob

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6 Thеburg|arаsbrеаkingntо hеhousе. есuthishаnd.whi|е)

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Listеning6 {),s vouаrеgoing o hеаrаn nterviеw ithТom

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Why idТom аkе hologrаphsf his аmi|y ithhim?a tо hе|p im indpеoplе hoknеw is е|аt ivеs.b tо еnсourаgееоplео offеr imaссommоdatiоn.с tо hе|p im оmmuniсatеorе аsi|у ithpеop|е.d to rеmind imof his е|аt ivеsасk оmе'

What as hе еal imof Tom,srip?а to raisеmonеyor harity.b tо u|fi| | ifе|оngmbit ion.

с to еnсouragеtherso o||own his ootstеps.d to sее hеwor|d еfоrе еtt|ingown.

Whаt idТomdisсovеrs hесyсlеdhrough iffеrеntсоu triеs?a pеop|е еrеmorе riеnd|yhаnhееxpесtеd.b whаt ind f pеrson е еa||уаs.с that isor iginа|dеаs bout Iaсеsеrе оrrесt.d thаt is аnguаgеki||s еrе еttеrhаnhе hоught.

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Writing7 writean short ssay about 00words) bout rеalor

imaginaryourney.ou havemadе.UsеTom's tory n 6

and hepoints еIowo hеlp ou.. Why idуoudесideo makе hе ournеу?. Whеn idyougoоn hе ournеу?. Howwаs t organisеd?. Whаt rob|еmsidyоuhаvе?. Whаt аоoеnеdn hееnd?

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Цlordbuilding1 СompIеtehе еxtwith hе сorrесtormоf the words n

brасkets'

Theseс r| оf mv suссessMartinе /сCutсhеоn

l,ve |waysovеd ressing p

andbeing lаmorous.y

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9

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2 Сomplеtе еntеnсеs_6with heсorrесtormof оnе оf

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4 Bеfоrееavingоr hеairpоrt' hаd o my iсkеtfrom hе rаvе| gеnt.

5 0n my irst аy twork,hеmаnаgеr thе ulesаnd о|dmеwhаt wаs еsооnsiblеor.

6 Еmmа ouldn'topеwithhеrnеw ob. hеworkаnd hеrеWаs o imе o do еvеrуthing.

rugbу.hе ot ntеrеstеd0 thе portbесаusееr athеrWаs nсе rеfеrееimsе|f.

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1-5.

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Iifеguard persona|ssistant tourguide

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СovеntGardеn

F*.'#North-еast of TrafalgarSquarеbеgins thе mazе оf

naIIoW Strееts nd tiny allеys сallеd Сovеnt Gardеn,

now thе сеntrе of еntетtainmеnt in Londоn but onсе

a nоtorious low-lifе distriсt and a сriminal haunt.

Тhеrе has bееn somе typе оf markеt on this spot for

morе than 3O0yеars,but thе namе aсtually dеrivеs

frоm thе сonvent gardеn that oссupiеd thе arеauntil ,:.thе timе оf Hеnry VIII, when thе сonvеnt was

abandonеd.AtthесеntIеofСovеntGardеnliеsaсobblеstonе

squaIеandsupеrbstееlandglassmarkеtpаvilionsсonstruсtеd ln thе 1830s to housе flowеr, fruit, and ..vеgеtablе tal ls. hе markеtwas movеd to nеW.quЪrtеrssouth of thе rivеr Thames in 1'974, nd thе ...old dl't'i.t passеd nto sеvеralyеars of povеrty and ..

nеglесt. вuiin thе еarly 1980s,Сovеnt Gardеn was ..

rеfurbishеd nto an arеaof rеStaurarrts,hоps, and .....

сafёs. t,snow a showplaсе for buskеrs (strеet

еntеrtainеrs),and a summеr paтadisеbоth foт offiсе

wоrkеrs at lunсh timе and for tourists.Thе popular Jubilее Мarket at thе wееkеnd offеrs a

сolourful mixturе of arts and сrafts, ood stalls and ]puppеt shows. But thе aсtion rеally heats up at night. ...

тnЪi" with a tastеfor Еnglish traditiоn might drink at

':

thе many anСiеnt pubs in thе arеa suсh as thе Lamb

and Flag, a sixtееnth сеntury pub known in its rrrorе

sinistеrЪays as thе ,Buсket of Blood,. Tutton,s сafё s

good for a quiеt сhat, whilе thе Roсk Gardеn offетs .]]ear-shattеringmusiс.

Сovеnt Gardеn is alsо Synonymous with British

thеatrе,for thе distriсt plays host to thе l"lеst f

London,s drama, musiс, and danсе. It is also popular

for afternoon shоpping, еspесially Nеal Strееtwith its ].uniquе сollесtion of spесiality shоps. onе shоp sеlls ]

only kitеs, anothеr dеals n shеlls. Book lоvеrs usually

hеad for Charing Сross Road, whiсh marks thе

westеrn boundaiy оf thе Сovеnt Gardеn distriсt With

a solid wall of book shоps, all of whiсh have a grеat

atmosphеrе.It,s all a far сry from thе distriсt of low

lifе and сrimе that it usеd to bеl

.]Rеad hе еxt ndanswеrhе oI|owinguеstions.1 Hоw ong аs hеаrеа ееn ssосiаtеdith mаrkеt?2 Whеrе oеs hеnаmе ovеnt аrdеn riginаtеrom?

З Whаt an oU ind t hе еntrе f Сovеnt аrdеn?4 Whаt hangеsook Iасе hеn hеаrеаWas еfurbishеd?5 Whаt аn ou ind t hе ubi|ее/аrkеt?6 What ind f nightifе аnbе ound n Сovеnt аrdеn?7 Whats unusuаIbоut hе hopsn NеаI trе еt?8 WhatsСhаringross oаdаmousor?

Talking bout ourсountry

Z Answerhеsе uеstionsbout our ountrу.1 Doyouhаvе ny rеаs imilаro Сovеnt аrdеnn

уoUr oUntrу?an oudеsсr ibеhеm?2 Whаt inds f |оса| аrkеtsoуоuhavе? ow oуou hink hеy avе hаngеdvеr hе еаrs?

3 How ommOnsbuskingnуour ountry?4 Whаts hеnightifе ikе hеrе ou ivе? ow o

уou hink t might е mprovеd?5 What inds f rеfurbishmеntаvе аkеn Iaсе

rесеntlуnуоur own r сitу?6 How mportаnts t o kеep n nvеstingimе nd

monеyn mprovinghе urroundingsnd aсil it iеsinour ommunit iеs?

Ф



7he 7aorуrСeleste;:1t; i'. 1:i;;:i$lt..-,,':tit;i1t.t'xi*'i*&i*nia?'rtrr*''ial1;'''

_ I

1 ln pairs, isсuss hеther ouagrееwith hisstatеmеnt:

Thеrе rе rеaturеsn hе еa hatwесаn't еginoimаginе.

Reading

2 ЕxpIainhе meaning f thesеwords.Usea diсtionaryfneсessary.

" сabin сargo сrеW deсk" |ifеboаtsails

3 sкimread he еxtаnd indoutwhy heMariеСеIestе asсonsidеrеdo bе а mysteriouship.

4 Sсаn hе extandсompIetеhe nformation.

Ship'sеstinatiоn:

Foсusmagazinе

A МARITIМЕ МYSTЕRYn 5 Novеmbu |872, Сaptain Bеnjamin Briggs and hisсrеw raisеd thе sails of thеir ship thе Мary Cеlеste inNеw Yoтk,sЕastRivеr and saiiеdout of thе harbour into

thе Atlantiс oсеan. Thеy wеrе making for thе Italian port ofGеnoa, whеrе they plannеd to unload thеir сarяo of industrialalсohol.

Ship'sargo:or iginа|umbеr f pеoplеn board:First ightingf he hip:

Beginningof IJSNavalСourt nvestigation:Dаte f ship's еstruсtion:-

i on 4 Dесembеr, hе ship was sightеdby Сaptain Мoorhousе of.. thе ship Dеi Gratia, about 600 milеs wеst of thе Azorеs Puzzled: ьy hеr irrеgularmovеmеnts, Moorhousе sеnt a small boarding.. pafiУ to invеstigatе. What thеy found on dесk is still arguеd.l ovеr today. Thе ship was dеsеrtеd: hе Сaptain, his wifе, thеir] two-yеar-old daughtеr and sеvеn сrew mеmbеrs, along with thе

only lifеboat, had all disappеarеd.

.:, What thеy had tеft bеhind suggеstеd that they must havе

. abandonеd thе ship in a grеat hurry. onty somе navigational: instrumеnts and thе ship,s offiсial doсuments wеrе takеn..: Еvеrything еlsе (provisions, watеr, сlothing and thе сrеw,s. tobaссo)rеmainеd on board. Еvеn thе сaIgoWasuntouсhеd. Inl thе сrеw,s aссommodation bеlow thе dесks, thеy found. bеdding and floors soakеd with rainwatеr, suggеsting thе shipl сou]d havе run into sеverеwеathеr after lеaving port.i

. on 13 Deсеmbеq thе US Naval Сourt of Invеstigation startеd, looking into thе сasеof thе Мary Сеlеstеand thе lеgеnd bеgan.. to takе shape. Thе Chiеf Invеstigator сonсеntratеd on somе. strangе disсovеriеs madе aboard thе abandoned ship: an aхe-.

mark and brown stains on thе deсk and Briggs, sword сould. havе bееn еvidenсе of a fight. This thеory did not stand up, howеvеr, aftеr tests showеd that thе brown stains Werе notbtood and therе was no othеr еvidеnсе of a сonfliсt on board.

Anothеr thеory was that thе сaptain and his family might havеbеen murdеredby his сrеw who had bееn drinking from one ofthе barrеls of industrial alсohol, usually сallеd mеthanol. Butthеrе wеrе flaws in this thеory' too. Меthanol doеsn,t turnpеoplе into drunks: t poisons thеm.

A slightly morе sеnsiblе thеory was that thе сrеw might havеbесomе alarmed by the amount of water the ship took onduring a storm, and dесidеd to abandon ship in thе lifеboat.Yеt

Briggs, an ехpеriеnсеd sailor, would have known thе amount ofwatеr wasn,t еnough to thrеatеn the ship.

Thе most likеly еxplanation is сonnесtеd with thе ship's сargo.Industrial alсohol is potеntially еxplosivе. If somеthinghappenеd to onе of thе barrels on board, thе сrеw would havеto aсt quiсkly. Invеstigatorsdid flnd out that onе of thе barrеlswas damagеd.It сould havе bееn damagedduring a storm andmight havе bеgun to rеlеasе ethal fumеs.Fеaringan еxplosion,thе сaptain may havе orderеd thе сrеw to abandon ship. Thесrеw lowеrеd thе lifеboat, whiсh thеn sank during thе violеntstorm. This would еxplain many of thе mystетious fеaturеsofthе ship.

Unfortunately, t сan,t bе put to thе test: hе ship was destroyеdby flrе n an insuranсe fraud 1,2уears ftеr ts сrеw disappеarеd.So thе Мary Сеlеstе took with hеr thе last hopе of solйng thеmost famous maritimе mystery of all timе.



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5 Rеad hе еxtagain nd ind hе oursuggestedhеoriеsabout hе сrеw's isappеaran(e.1

6 Сhoоsеhе bеst nswеrо quеstiоns-4.

1 Why idСаptаinVoorhousеесidеo sеnd omеmеn oboаrd hе \4аrуе|еstе?a Hе ou|dее oonе taII n bоardhе hip.b Тhе аi|orsn hе hiphаd еnt rеqUеstorhе|p.с Тhе hipwаs aiIingn a vеrу trangе aу.d Тhеrе as omеthingddabouthе hapе f hе hip.

2 Whаt id hеmеndisсovеrftеr oаrdinghе hip?а АII hееssеntiа|rovisionsor urvivаlаd

d sa pеаеd.

b Thеre аs vidеnсеhаt hе hiphаdmеtWithstorm.

с Тhе hip'snstrumеntsnddoсumеntsеrе lIbеIowthеdесks.

d Thе rеw,sссommоdationаdnotbeеn |еptn.

3 What oеs thеlеgеnd egаno аkе hapе' еan?а Ithаdnotbееn еаrd уаnyoПееforе.b It |owlуеvе|opеdnto omеthingеfinitе.с ltgraduаI|уot ongеrndmorе omp|еx.d |tbесamе storу Vеrуonеаntеdo hеar.

4 Whу id hеmуStеryеmаin nsolvеd?a Thе hipWas oodаmаgеdorany onсlusionso bе

drаwn.

b Тhе hip аnk s t was еing roughtaсk o hеport.Тhе hipwas rokеn p bуаn nsurаnсеompanуТhе hipwаs аtеr е|ibеrаtе|yеt n irе.

Voсabu a y7 Mаtсh hеse djесtivеso thе nouns _6 to mаkеword

сombinаtionshiсh ppеаrn thе ext.

. boarding аst. |еthаI off iсiа| sеVеrе viо|еnt

1doсumеnts

4 fumеs2 wеathеr 5 stormЗ pаrty 6 hopе

M1ьter1 nd magination8 Explаinhеmеaning f thеsewords ndphrasеss hеy

arеusеd n thе еxt.,l |еgеnd 7 а|аrmеd2 strаngеisсovеriеs 8 likе|y xp|аnаtiоn3 еvidеnсе 9 еxplosion4 соnfl iсt 10 mуstеriousеаturеs5 murdеrеd 11 disаppеаrеd

6 flawsn thе hеory ]2 mаritimе уstеry

Disсusshе o||owinguestions.о Havе oU vеr еard f anymystеriеsf his ind?. Whаt ossiblеxp|аnationsouIdhеrе е orwhat

hа oеnеd?. Doyou hlnk hаt hеrеsа|wауsnеxpIanаtionor

еvеrythinghаt appеns?hу/Whуоt?

234 с

d

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-Szoi$l"

Ехаlltсrаirтirtgt

Mu ti |е-сhoiсеuеstionsFirst,еаd hеquеstionsnot hеoptiоns),hiswi|| еlp

уou o oсus nwhаt o Iookor n hе еxt. hеn еаdthе еxt. еХt,obасk o hеquеstionsnd еаd |I hе

optionsаrеfuIIyndundеrlinеhеpаrts f hе еxtwhiсh е|p oumаkе our hoiсе.

Ф



Pastmodals

1 UndеrIinеhе сorrесt ords o сompIetehе ruIеs.1 Modalsorm hеir еgаt ivеyadding ot/doot.2 ModаIsormquеstiоnsbуsing o/invеrtinghеmodаl

аnd subjесt.3 0nе modа| аnhаvе iffеrеnI еоnings/t'orms.

il.,-

3 :lQвl Youarеgoing o hеara news temаbout he

anсiеntmonumеnt tonehеngе,hiсh s n thеsouth fEngland. еad hе notеs arеfuIIy,henсompIеtеhеinformation.Stonеhеngе1 |\4еаningf Stonеhеngе.:

2 Possib|еatе f buiIding:3 Possib|еаt ionaIityf arсhitесt,:

4 Whеrеtonеs robаb|yаmе rom:5 Possib|еUrposеf hеbuilding:

4 О(J,' Listеn gain nd indout:1 howpopu|аrtonеhеngеs.

2 whу hеdruids ouIdn'tаvе ui|t tonеhеngе.3 whу tonеhengеou|dn'tavе eеn еsignеdyаn

Еng|ishеrson.4 whаt rob|emhеbui|ders ight avе аdwith hе

sToеs.

@

5 Matсh hepastmodaIso their unсtions -3.

.'mayhаvе onе ' might avе onе=. ееdn't аvе onе..оughto hаvе onе ' shоu|d аvе onе

1 еxprеssingоssibiIity2 еxprеssingbIigаt ion3 еxprеssingасk f nесеssity

6 Еxpandhе notеs t thееnd of sentеnсеs_6using nеof thеpаstmodaIsn 5.

Ехаmplel got up lаto вo t nigeod tha buв to sсhool. / gэt upearliar. ought to hаvogot up oвrlior

1 IonIy ot outof 10 ormyhomеwork. do bettеr2 l phonеd /аryhismorning ut hеrе аsno еpIу.Shе leavеhеhousе аr|y.

З Iсan't indmyswimminghings nуwhеrе./ |еаvеаtthеоooI.

4 |brought yswimminghings utwеdon't аvеswimmingоdаy./ bringhеm.

5 .Iса||еdouеarliеr ut oudidn,t nswеrhеphonе.,.I/ in hе howеr.,

6 |\i ryphonеdastnight ftеr wrotе o hеr. / writе еrаnothеrеttеr.

LogiсalеxplanationsMаtсh hеpastmodaIs -3 to thе meanings _с.] саn,t/сouIdn,tаveа This spоssiblе.2 must avе b ТhissaImоstеrtain|уmpossib|e.3 сou|d avе с Тhis sа|mostertаin|yhе asе.

Writе еntеnсеsаying hy hеpeopIen 1_7сan't/сouldn,t/сouId/mustаvеdonе hese hings. sе hеvеrb n braсkеts.

EхаmplеPau| ouldn't вvopaintad paint)thisiсturе. -'|еasno

аrtistiса|ent hаtsоever.l Sam (disсovефnеW еstаUrantntown.Hеsaid еhаd fаntаstiс еа| ut ast ight.

2 Sara (gеt)tоp аrksn hееxam f onlу hеhadwоrkеd ardеr.

3 Thеnеighbours (gо) n ho|idaуесausеhеirсаr sst iIIn hеdrivеwaу.Тhе wins (сomе)асkhomе еry аtеastnight.t 'smiddaynd heу tiIl аvеn'tot utof bеdyеI'|- (phonе)ou o sау hаtwе'dbе |аtе. forgotI hаdmуmobi|е ithmеlJim sn't еrе еt. t 's ot ike im he,s |waysn imе.His аr brеak)own.Thеgrassooks еt. t rаin)ast ight.

Desсribе hаtyou(аnsee n thispiсture.Whаtdo youthink t is or might nсеhavebееn?



Сomplеtеhe еxtwithphrasеs_h.

a nееdn't аvе orriеd е might аvе ееn аmаgеdb саn't аvе ееn f сouId аvеormеdс might avе riginаtеd g must аvе ееn ut hеrе

d oughtо hаvе ееn toppеd might avе ееn

Disсussionlmaginеouhaddisсovеrеdomе ntеrеstingistor iсalrеmаins n а piесе f Iandwhеrе оuwеrе oingo buiIda hоusе.nsmаII roups' есidе hat ouwould/might/сou|davе onе. ivе еasonsoryоurdесisions.

flffi

s

lrgo. iГ nоt lot lgег.-i.n.."й*ii*,

"t".,o"аhat hеstonеs _

Ь'...

.ь.Ъ"..,.".iJ,-,."o,.k,

Ь .Thе соnstruсtjon

сon1panу agrееd ..,.,p*..ily to-stop Ьuiiding lvork, so i1'

that еxpеrts сoul.l dеtйi,'Ъ *h.t p.riod of historу thе ...'

..^^^" пoi-'. йot".,,.,, ih.у also strеssеd n",'''i:.\ t() l l \ )

,il.i."."ш-"* ь aЫе o wait nсlеfinitеly.

Citу offiсiаls аgrееd tlrat r,vork soollеt Ьut.: l

said that it r'vas rrrportant to prеsеrvе thе histoгiсai .;.

rеliсs.Howе,,.., ., o,-'. lo."t i.,. it,..What good is a pilе .:l,

of stonеs r,vhеnwhat .". *",,. is nеr,vhomеs?' :]:.

Сor.istruсtion r,vorkеrs

r'vеrе uddеnly ordеrеd . ,,op all Ьuilding--:l* '.1 :1^ L^v

-",.Ъ*.".,,ting

for thеappеers tnJt Wllrrс Lrrс,'

1 г б -..L,--' l i ..-..rrcРPсаt) Ll ldL tlr] l9 ' ' . i i to.кof f lats thеу disссlvеrеd sonrе

Гor-rndation ot a nсr,v ,1 :.. ,-^.1', .t.fiPOLtl.LLtdLrwrr A l'L;S еar1у st:lgе,

аnсiеt l t stonеs in r сiгсul l r toгl ttf,tton. rt ttt '

i r i ' i ' , .po'*iЬlе o s.lу .хrсtlуц hlr thе:l:].: 't

r 6rut th . ,r].ь' lt r i . ls oгiчir l .r] l r . hotrчht t l l rг

-;^J

-- .-' 'o,l.. oГаn ltrсiеnt tеlrrplе but on е

trr( ) ---:- ,| ] сo.,"."1 htrndrеd v

Let'saсtivatеHoшdid thо1do it?

. iЗ n pairs r smaII roups' еsсr ibеwhat hеsepiсturеshow,hеndisсuss:

а how hеsеmonumеntsndbuiIdingsou d/might/must/саn't аvе ееn onstruсtеd.

b what t must аvе ееnIikе orkingo buiIdhеsеmonU еПIs.



SсiettcefiсGionDisсusshesе uestions ithа partner.1 Whаtdoes сiеnсeiсtionmean?2 Whаt сiеnсеiсtiоni|ms/bоoksаvе ousееn/rеad?id

you ikе hеm?Whу/Whyоt?3 Whу oуou hink оmе eop|еnjоyhis ind f story?

Look t thеpiсturеs. oyou rесognisеithеr f thеsesсiеnсе-fiсtioniIms?Whiсh сеnе ooks hеmostintеrеstingo you?Why?

Listеning

(ompIеtingеntеnсеsReadhе entеnсеsаrеfuIIуnd rу o mаgi nе hаt hеаnswers ight е.Whаtеvеrouwritе oсomp|еtеhеsеntеnсе ust it ngrаmmatiса|lуndbespe|torrесtIy.

3 o6Jв.zYou аrеgoing o hеaran interviewwith woасtorswho аkepart n a popu|arW sсienсеiсtion rogrammесaIIed иt of thisWorld. istеn ndсomp|еtеentеnсes_9.' l Bob hinkshat hеpopuIarityf hе сiеnсеiсt ion

sеriessduе o ts xсel|еnt2 Bеforе оrking nthesеriеs, аtе nd Bobhadbothbееn mp|oуеdn hеKate аs lwаys rеfеrredсienсеiсtiono

56

Bob s morе ntеrеstеdn thеmоst есеnt thanin sсiеnсеiсt ion.Katе ndBobаrеbоth nthusiаstiсboutNеithеr аte orBobworriеsbout hе Wnеnthеy'rеutof doors.

7 Kate uspесtshаt ewpеop|еnow hе- ofhеrsе|fndhеr o-aсtor.

8 Kаtе onfessеshаt hе s а vеry pеrson.

9 Bobсonsidеrsсtingo bеаn еxtremеlу-

Pronunсiationiounde and оpolling4 6/сз Тhе irstword n еaсhgroup1_5oссurs n the

rесording.ndеrIinеhe othеrwords n еaсhgroup hatrhymewith hе irstword. hеn istеn nd сhесk ouransWеrs.

Eхаmple:Known brown blown maan

1 еnough through thorough ough2 b|uе drеw too thrоughЗ right hеight sitе eight4 сou se Worsе hоrsе forсе5 саrе Wеаr fеar bеаr

34

aIоna

сoUgntookl ightсoаrsefair

Spеakingev.preььingeel.ingьnd oPinion65 (ompIеtehе еxpressionshе spеakеrs sеd n 3 to taIk

about hеir ееIingsndopinions. sе hesеwords.

* admitфсarеФdеnуing intog mаttеr sсеptiсa|* tirеd worriеd

1 Don't ougеt bit of аppеаringnа sсiеnсеfiсtion eriеs?

2 l wаs sсiеnсеiсtionna bigwaу.3 |'m bitmorе about сiеnсeiсt iоntor iеs.

takе hеmwith pinсh f salt '4 Doеs hat- tо you?5 | don't whеthеr,m есognisеdormysе|f'r

my ro|е.6 I'mnоtpartiсu|аr|у if nothingIsе omеs

a ong.7 l hаveo thаt 'm mbit ious.

8 Тhеrе,so- thе асt hat сtingsa vеry nsесurеorofеssion.

Сhooseivеof theexpressionsou ound n 5 аnd writеsеntеnсesf vourown.

@



6timulus-basоdisсussion8 Disсusshеsе uеstions.

1 What o hеphotographshow?2 Whаt oеs hеhеаdIinеuggеst?3 Whаt dvantagеsr disadvantаgеsoуоu hink pасе

еxplоrat ionight ring?

4 Doуou hink pеnding onе y n spасеxp|оrations

wоrthwhi|е?5 How ptimist iсrе ou hаt ifе xistsnothеr |аnеts?

Hopesaisedordisсoveryof ifeonMars

tugщstingоxplanations7 6сJ",. In smaII roups, isсusshissituation. есidе

whatmightbе hе сausе f thеsе Ilnеsses.sе hеdialogue ox o help ou.

ТhеpopuIat ionf a smа||оwn nа rеmotе аrt f hесoUntrуаs еguno dеvеlop||nеssеsuсh sskinсomp|аintsndbrеаthingroblems.еаr hе own sаlargеaсtory hеrеmost f hе оwn,snhabitantsrееmpIoyеO.

SuggеstingxpIanаtions

A If уou аsk mе,Ihеусould hауеsomethingo do llliththе aсtory.

B It саn,tbе аnуthing o do tуithhаt IhefaсI.orу usthауеbeen hеreor somе imе.PеopIе ouldhауеstаrtеdаIling ill bеforenow,surelу.

С Nof neсessаrilу. hese hingsoftеn аkеsomе imetohаveаn effeсt.

A Butdon'tyou hink haI hе осtorуs themost ikеlyехplаnаtion?

С I саn,tsее whаt else t сould be.



Тitlе

1 It was a wintеr aftеrnoon just bеforе mybirthday whеn Dеteсtivе SergеantFinnеy rangto say thеrе had bееn a dеath in a mansionbloсk. Aссidеntal, aссording to thе nеighbours.A man had fallеn down somе StеpS.

2 Snow bеgan as I lеft for Willowdalе СourtМansions. Thе dесеasеdwas Graham Dunn, a56-yеar.old,divorсеd еstatеagеntWho livеdalonе. Thе body was at thе baсk nеar thеdustbins. Nеarby, thеrе was a plastiс bag andsomе rubbish whiсh had fallеn out of it: anapplе, Somеtеa bags,a bottlе of shampoo, a tinof сat food and a лappУ.I was suspiсious.Thеman Wasbald. Why a bottlе of shampoo? Hеhad no pеts or сhildrеn, еithеr.Тhе rubbishсouldn,t havе bееn his. Wе wеnt to talk to thеnеighbours.

3 Ds Finnеy and I bеgan our еnquiriеs in thеbasеmеnt.Thе ownеrs, Rеbессaand Stеwart

Мorris, a сouplе in thеir twеntiеs, had.abatэу'Thеy told us that Dunn oftеn сomplainеdabout its сrying. Thеy madе us tеa. Thеy hadnotiсеd Dunn,s body only whеn thеy let theсat in.

4 Thе ownеr of thе flat on thе first floor was adivorсеe,Abigail Stratton.Shе had two сats,and shе oftеn lookеd aftеr thе baby for thесouplе downstairs. Shе сouldn,t stand thеdесеasеd,but shе didn,t say whУ. Shе offеrеdustеa.

5 on thе ground flooц wе had a look at Dunn,sflat. Thе door was open and his rubbish binWasеmpty. Othеrwisе all was in ordеr.Wеdесidеd to talk to thе rеmaining nеighbours.

6 A woman сalled Mrs Pritсhard livеd alonе onthе sесond floor. Shе admittеd that shе didn,tlikе Dunn. A1l day long hе playеd musiс.Finally, wе quеstionеd thе portеr,but hе hadbееn nеxt door all day mеnding a тoof.

7 Thе dеath сеrtifiсatеshowеd Dunn,s dеath wasno aссidеnt. Thе murdеrеr must havе lеft thе

rubbish to makе it look aссidеntal, but thеrubbish providеd сluеs.We wеrе fairly сеrtainwho thе murdеrеr was. Wе stood on thеdoorstеp, about to push a bеll.

A txl J, rde r itlve sG igt а t io tl. ln pairs, isсusshеsе uеstions.

, l Whу opеоp|еnjoy еаdingеtесt ivеtоr iеs?2 How аsуs t owork utwhо hе ri minаls?

Studying he samplеUndоrstandingha aaK2 Read hе ехtquiсkIy nd сhoosе he bеst itlе,a, b, с, or

d, or t .a Сluеsn а rubbish аg

b |\4urdеrtWilIowdа|еourt 4аnsionsс Aссidеntа|еathd Тhеmаnwith hеbа|d еаd

3 Now саn hе еxtand сomp|etеhe nformation.1 Possib|еr imе ommittеd2 Loсation:3 Viсtim:4 СIuеs:5 Suspесts:6 Possib|еоt ivеsor hе r imе:7 Possib|еoIut iono hе r imе:

4 Dеsсr ibеhеpeоplen thesе iсturеs.hiсhof thесharaсtеrsn thе story o you hink hey еprеsеnt?

5 Nowanswerhеquestions., l Саn ouguess ho hеmurdеrеras?2 Whуmighthеpеrson аvе ommittеdhе r imе?

Ф



Lrealingatmosphere6 sсan he еxtagain.n whiсhparаgrаph(s)oеs hе

narrator:1 аskhimsеlf dirесt uеstion?2 dеsсr ibеhаt hеwеathеr as ikе?3 |еаvеhе еаdеrnsusoеnsе?4 mеntionhе imе fyеаr?

Steps o better writingVisualisingour 6tory7 Dесidewhiсhof thе words n thе Iist ouId e usеd o

dеsсribе:а thеwеаthеr.b surroundingsrobjесts.с а persoП'shуsiса|ppеаrаПсе.d a oеrson,sharaсtеr'

*сo|d,

rеу poor,nfortunаtе

a |ightaII f* hа|f-еаtеndisposab|еsmil ing,ound-fасеdo*аthеrrampеd" middIе-agеdwith hort, rown air* аppа|l ingIyoud

8 Put hе words n 7 into hе story o makе t morеintеrеsting.he Iist oIIowshе ordеrof the story.

Lrea|ing сharaс|orь9 Study hе еxampIе,hеnusе hеpromptso writеa

sеntеnсе еsсribingасh harасtеr.

Ехвlшple

P1awаsа 5{в*уoаr-oldstаte gentсаIled&rаhаmРunn' в bаld lтlаn,who wаьdiiorсed аnd livad аlon*.

1 fеmа|еrеd-hаirеdmidd|е-agеdRuth hompsonshop ssistantunmаrriеdthrее аts

2 mаIе dark-hаirеdBrian mith З2 сomputеrsa|еsmаnsеparаtеdtwo hi|drеn

3 mа|е grеy-hairеdTimWintеr 68 rеtirеdmarrtednoсhiIdrеn

10 writеonеsеntеnсе еsсribing сhаraсtеr f yourown.

ParagraphoPonorь11 Expandhеsе otes o makеonеor two sеntеnсеsou

сouId se o beginparagraphsn а dеtесtivetory.1 it/ bе/onеdаy/ ust еforеNеwYеar/ p.m. phonе

/ r ing2 snow bеgin аs makеmyWaу hotе| dесеаsеd

namе?З wе еnquiriеsrесеptiоndесеаsеdguеst twowееks4 2nd loor hаd Iook l iving oom dесеasеd

еvеrуthingn ordеr5 hotе| ortеradmit pеoplе ot ike dесеаsеd

unf iеndу

Writingyour deteсtivеstoryUndоrstandingha aоК

12 youaregoing o writеа shortdеteсtivеtory 200_250words).t shou|d ontain ivеor sixparаgraphs.

Plаnning

13 ln groups,mаkenotеs f thе dеtaiIs f уour tory.Brаinstormour deas nd deсidе:. whеn ndwhеrеhе torysgoingо аkе |асе.о whаt sgoingo hаppеn.. whаt harасtеrsoU rеgoingo сrеatе.. who s nvеstigаti nghаt appеns.. whаt he uspесtsrеdoing hеn hееvеnt аppеns.

Ц riting

Writing ffесtivеIyWhеn ou rеp|аnningour tory,еmеmbеro nс|udеintеrеstingеsсr ipt ionsf pеoplе,laсеs'ndevents.

14 writeyour tory s f youWеre dеtесtivе'ouсouIdinсIudеn IIustrationf thеpIасе,n objeсt r асharaсtеrn thеstorу. o not revеaIhe dеntity f thеpersonwhoсommittedhe сrime.. Dеsсr ibеhеwеаthеrnd hе imе fyеar.. Dеsсr ibеhеplaсе nd mportantbjесts.. Dеsсribеhаraсtеrsffесtive|У.. Usе djесt ivеsndadvеrbso makе our еsсr ipt ion

morе ntеrеsting.

ChocYing15 сhесk hatyouhavе:

о сrеаtеdtmosphеrе.о providеd|uеsor еadеrs.. providеdtit|е.. writtеnhе right mount 200-250 ords).

Gueььшhodid it16 ln pairs, ead ourstoriеso eaсhothеrаnd ry to guеss

whoсommittеdhе сrimеаnd whу.

шt

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l . istemЁng5 Q),.' Youаrеgоing o hеarа

story a|lеd heRunаwау.istеnаnd deсidе f thе stаtеmеntsrеtruе Т) r faIse F) ., l П Тhеdrivеr toppеdhе ar

bесausееsаwtееnagеrn

а lonеlуoаd.П Whеn estoppеd,hе аn

аWay.r] Тhеdrivеr еrsuаdеdhеgir l

to |еt rm аkе еrhоmе.П ТhеWomаn hoanswеrеd

thеdоorwаs аrah's othеr.П ThеWomаnskеdf thеrе аd

bееn сar rash.6 П Whеnhеdrivеr а|kеdaсk

tо hе аr, аrаh аd

d sа pеaеd.

Writing6 writеа short tory about 00

words) bоut strangе vеnt.Usе uеstions_4 o hеlp ouandinсIudeomе f themodalsfrom5.,l WhеreWеrе ouwhеn t

hаppеnеd?hаt аs hеwеаthеrikе?

Whо rе hеpеoplеn thе tory?Whаt rе hеy ike?Whаt аppеnеd?How oes hе torу nd?

Reading7 Sсаn he еxtand ind hе answеrs

to thеquеstions', l Atwhаt imе аn dvanсеiсkеt

holdеrsntеr?Whаt rе hеothеr dvantаgеsf

bookingour iсkеtn аdvаnсе?Whats hе ast аtе orаdvаnсеboo ing?Whiсhwо orms f pаymеntrеnоtaссеptеd?Whats hеdisаdvаntagefpауing усrеdit аrd?

D00вs0PЕN11аmAdvаnсeiсket oldersnly) 1l.30 m fbuying iсket0nhedаy.

WНAТ lLL ЕAтТHЕ сlENсЕ lсТl0N0NVЕNTION?Ф Autographigningession Guest alk 0uestionsnd nswers)

Ф OFt|с|ALhotographеssion Auсtionф Cоmpetit iоns Dea|erta||s

34

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ТALK 0sTARs NDWRlТЕRs.

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&trdtrМ/&Nb/og#ffi#/g0FF]сIALlсl(ET NtRЕ vailabIen he

B00кYoUB lскЕт NADVANсЕAvEMoNEY GEт N ЕARtlERBook your tiсkеt in advanсеand you сan 8еt n З0 minutеs еatliеr than noтmai. Alsо

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?гоpositions1 Сomp|еtеhe extwith hеse rеpositions.

* by n fromu in n of * to " with

Thеrе,sno longеr any nееd to fееl alarmеd ' -

things that go bump in thе night. Aссording ,- a

IеСеntstudy' ghosts сould bе thе rеsult з- the

random aсtivity of an idle brain.

Thе thеory сomеSn- a study of halluсinations

еxpеriеnсеd'- blind pеoplе.It was put ^

thе tеst by sсanning patiеnt,sbrains whilе thеy wеrе

halluсinating. Thе sсans showеd еvidеnсеaсtivity *

- thе brain,s visual сortеx whеn pеoplе

wеrе half aslееp.

Thе visions thеy еxpеriеnсеdwеrе оftеn frightеning,

suсh as grоtеsquе aсеsn- prominеnt еyеsand

Wordsшithopposite eanings3 writе hе oppositеsf thеsеwords -,l2.

1 load2 rеguа3 аppеаr4 offi iа5 touсhed6 usuа|ly7 ехpеriеnсеd8 l ikе|у9 сonnесtеd

10 dаmаgеd11 unfortunаtе|y,l2

solvеd

tееth, and ghоstly figurеs ..,

сoStumеs.,Whеn thеtе,sno information соming in and thе

brain is idlе, t Starts o рroduсе thеsе magеs,, ai d

onе IеSеaIсhеr.I,m surеghosts, fairiеs and witсhеs all

rеlatе n SomеWay ' - thеsеdisеmbodiеdhalluсinations. It еxplains why сharaсtеrs , -

supеInaturaltalеs from around thе world lоok so

similar.'ThеЕхprеss

'..::::.::1:;]i .].{i:: :';.'].:]:]ili]'':'''-'-':::..]...]:]]ilii]ii]:]:i]].]::]]:1ii'].:ii|:i:].]

Thо right varb2 Соmplеtеhe sentеnсеs ith he сorreсt ormof thеse

vеrbs.* аbаndоn dаmаgе dеstroy ordеr puzz|e rаisе

1 Thеrе avе ееnmаny lans- thеwrесk f heТitаniсrоm hеbottom f hеoсean, ut o arnoonеhas omе pwith nе hаtworkеd.

2 ln thе есond or ldWаr,hе еtrеаtingrmу- thеbridgеsvеr hе ivеr.

3 Thе rеw adnoсhоiсе ut- thе inkinghip.4 Тhе есrеt f thеorigin f сrop irсlеs- еxpеrtsf

thеparаnormа|ordесаdеs.5 Whеn hе hiphitаn сebеrg,hеСаptаin- thе

сrеW o оwеr hе ifеbоats.6 Тhе torm еriоusIy thе аiIs, аkinghе hip

unаblеoсontinuеts ournеv.

Ordоr ot aфoc|iveь

4 Put hе adjeсtivеsn thесorrесt rdеr.1 A / blасk smal| suspiсiоus-lоoking.. br iеfсasе.2 A / |еаthеrbrown |аrяе.. сhаir.З А(n) sportsold-fаshionеdb|uе ..саr.a A(n) Swissgo|d еxpеnsivе..wаtсh.5 A(n) fast imprеssivе.|ооkingJаpanеsе.. motorbikе.

old-fashionеd

@



TheSoundMochine y Roаld аht

oсl,.,.Some

time аgo,' |(lausner aid, .| made a simpleinstrument hat provеd o me the existenсе f many oddinaudible ounds. ften hаve аt andwatсhеd he need[е fmy nstrumenteсordinghe presenсе f soundvibrаtionsnthe air when I myself ouldhеаrnothing. nd those are hesounds want o l isten o. I want o | <now herе hev сomefromаnd whoor what s ma|<inghem.'

.Andthаt maсhine n the able here, 'thеDoсtor aid, is

thatgoing o al low ou o heаr hеsenoisеs?'.|tmay.Who knows? o far, 'vеhаdno [uсl<.ut I'vemаde

someсhangеsn tаnd onight 'm еady oranother rial. hismaсhinе,' e said, ouсhing t with his hands, isdesignеd o

piсk up sound vibrations hat are too high-pitсhed orreсeption y hehuman ar, nd o сonvеrt hem o a sсaleofaudible ones. tune t n,almost ikе rаdio.

. lt isn't ompliсated.ay Iwish o isten o thesqueak f abat.Тhat's fair ly igh'pitсhеdound about hirty housandvibrations seсond. heаverage umanearсan'tquitehearit.Now, f herewеrе bat tying round his oomаnd I unedin to thirty thousandon my maсhine, would hеar thеsquеa|<ingf that bat very сlear[y. would еven hеar theсorreсt otе_ F sharp, r B f lat, r whatеvert mightbe_ butmеrеly t a muсh owerpitсh.Don't ou understand?'

ТhеDoсtor ookеdathe ong,blaсkсoffin-box.

Andyou'regoing o try t tonight?'

'Yes.'...

. . .Heplaсed he box areful ly n a sma[lwoodеn ablе hatstoodon the [awn. e returnedo thеshеdand etсhed pairof еarphones.He plugged hе wire сonneсtions rom theеarphonesnto he maсhine nd put thе earphonеs vеrhisеars. hеmovemеnts f his handswerequiсkandprесisе. ewas exсitеd, nd brеathed oud[y nd quiсkty hroughhismouth.Hе kept on talking o himselfwith t itttewords ofсomfort ndenсouragemеnt,s hough ewere fraid afraid

that hеmaсhinеmight otworkаndafraid lsoof whatmighthappеn f t did ..

Тhе needle rеpt lowlyaсross hе diаt, nd sudden[y eheard shriеk, fr ightfut ierсing hriеk, ndhe umped nddroppеd is hands, atсhing otdof thеedgeof he ablе.Hеstarеd roundhimas if еxpесtingo see the personwho hаdshrieI<еd.hеrеwas no onе n sightexсеpt he woman n thegаrdennext door,and it was сertainly ot shе. She wasbending own, utting el[ow osesand putting hem n hеrbaskеt.

Again t сame_ a throatlеss,nhuman hriek, harpandshort, ery

с[ear nd сold.Thenote tselfpossessеd minor,mеta[[iс uatity hat hе had nеverhеard beforе. (lausner[ooked roundhim,searсhingnstinсtive[yor the sourсeofthе noise. hewomannеxtdoorwas the only iving hing nsight.Hesaw her eасh own, akeа rosеstem n the ingersof onеhandandsnip hestemwitha pairof sсissors. gainheheard hеsсrеam.

Itсameаt the exaсtmomеntwhеn hestеmWas uI.

Your eaсtions

ln pairs, isсusshеsе uest ions.о Whаt oуou hink lаusnеropеd is еdеsignеd

maсhinе ouId еаb|еo do?о Whаt onnесt ionoуou hink hеWomаnn hеgаrdеn

nеxt oor adwith hе оundhat еhеаrd?о Hоw sеful|о ou hink mасhinеikеKlаusnеr,s

wou dbе?o Doуou greеhаt |аnts ight аvеееlingshеy an

соmmuniсаtе?Why?iwhуot?)

q&



Grammar.. Put hеverbs n brасkеtsnto hе сorreсtеnsе.

СompIеtеhеsе dvеrb |ausеswith hеsеwords.

if so hаt a|though bесаusеso thаt wh |е orWhеn

1 ТhеUFo tоrу аsmystеrious еVеrуonеwаntеdo knowmоrе.

Ididn't еl iеvеn а|iеns,I dесidеdoviьit oswе|' 'I wеnt o hеAirFоrсе asе

IсouId ее f thе torуWаs rue.

4-

|was hеrе , hаdstra gе xpеrienсе.

5 - peоp|еskеdmеаboutit , соuIdn'tеmеmbеrnуthing

6 -I hаdrеmеmbеrеdsomеthing,might аvе rovеdthаt hе tоry аs ruе.

7 Noonе istеnеdo mе lhаdno proоf.

Сhoosеhе bеstmodаI оrеaсhsеntenсе.1 .Timisсonvinсеdеsаw UF0.,

,Hemusthаvе/shouIdаvеimaginеdt '

2 ,|сan,tindmуmоbi|еhonеаnуwhеrе.',Youought o hаvе/mауаvе eft.it аtsсhoоl.,

3 .I'vеbroughthis tаr rеk idеоto wаtсhhis vеning.',Younееdn,t аvе/сou dn,tаvе.Wе'vе lrеadyееnt.,.Ithink еtеr as orgottеnbout

mybirthdaу.,,Heсаn,t аvе/mustаvе one.Hеnevеrorgеtsnуthing.'.I 'vеfinishеdеpаir lnghесompUtеr.,,Youсаn't аvе/shouldаvе.Youon|y tаrtеd0minutеsgol'.СIаrеwasUnSUrеbоut hаt hеsaw.',Do

уou hink hеиighthаvе/oughtohаvе adаpа a ormаl xpеriеnсе?,

UFosarеbigbusiness. oviе roduсers- (make) uge ortunеsoutof them, сientistsndwritersmake heir ivingsrom nvеstigatingthem, ndhuge arts f he nternet.- (dеdiсate)o them. n aсt,mostpеoplе - (be) asсinatedy the hought f аl iens isit ingEаrth.

Perhaps neof the most amous tOsightings_ (happen)nRoswel[,ewМexiсon y47.ln.|uly,omе trange reсl(agenda сrashsite5

- (find) t heUSAir Forсe aseat Roswell,usta month ftersomeoneu - (spot)nine disс-shаped Fos ftyingover vlountRаiniеr. l[ sorts of reports ollowed f aliens,dead and alive,whiсh,

- (see)at the site.An investigation (сarryout) byGovernmentgents, utwhat сtually appened-(nеver/reveal).

Тo ryand ind utmorе,We o- (interview)rGrееn, mеmbеrf

thе Roswе[tnstitute.everal ears go'Green . (work) t theCentre hеnhe , - (сontaсt)y hesonof theseсurity anwho', (be) nguard utywhеn hеUFoсrash appеned.pparentty,

hjs athеro (sеe) [ien orpsеs nd vеn ive l iеn ear he rаshsite.Afterhе nсident,ovеrnmentgеnts,- (threaten)is аther nd

he was orbiddeno te[l nyone boutwhаthe u (witness).utmany ears atеr, hen ewas [l, е , (rеvеa[)t o hisson,whothеn oldDrGrеen. oon fterwards,hе onhimsеlf,- (warn ff)by mystеrious en rеssеdn btaсk uits.

Sinсе Roswel[,here ' _--._ (bе) housands f UFo sightingsworldwidе. ome ,o (be) xplainеdy naturaI henomena,utwhatabout he others?

And f thеre eaIly rееxtraterrestria[sivinson aliеnplanets..

(be) nterestedn visit ing s?

Сhoosehе best Itеrnativеor еaсh еntеnсе.1 Assoon sТrеvor otiсеd/wаsotiсinghеstrаngеight n thеskу, е rеpoпеdt

tо hеpoIiсе.2 Bу hе imе hеpо|iсе rrivеd,hеstrаngеight addisаppеаrеd/disаppеаrеd.з Didуouvisit/Hаdouvisitеd еw Vеxiсon 1947?4 Тhеguаrd аw hеаIiеnwhilеhеhаdworkеd/wаsorkingt Roswе|l.5 Aftеr еhаd ееn/sаwhеа|iеn, еwantеdo еlI еop|еboutt.6 Sсott аs аsсinаtеd.'е аsnеvеr еаrd/hаdеvеr еаrd bou| oswе||еfоrе.7 Dеbra as irеd. hеhаdbееn еаding/wаsеаdingbоut trаngеhеnomеna||

n ght.8 Еddiе o d/wаsеlling ghost torywhеn || hе ightsWеnt Ut .9 Тinаwаsn,t е|iеving/didn'tеliеvеnghosts ntil hеSaW nе.10 | wаs е оring/hеаrdstrangеoisе hi|еwаs уingnbеd. t оundеdikе n

aеrop|аnеas lуing/flеwver hehousе.,::. .



Voсabularyфeсtives dоsсribing оopla

5 put hеsе djeсtivesnto hесorrесt atеgoriеs.

7 Сhoosеhесorrесt ption, ' b or с, to сompletеhe еxt.

LrsfrwФёkendDavidSmith visitedHamptonCourt Palaсeand had a strangeenсounter.sudden wind mаde thе hаirs r ise on the bасkof my neсk'.. had just setfoot n the hauntedgаl lеry. ghost?, said.Aсtual|y hereЪ draught romthosе doorwаysi grinned he tour guide.

For sсеptiсs, hereЪ alwаys a .- exp|anation.But reсent|y o mаny

visitors have bеen ,- by the sight of a phantom hat HamptonCourt

Pa|aсe as сal|еd n the ghostbusters.

Dr RiсhаrdWisemаn, а professiona| nvestigator f the pаranormа|, s.

- the sightings. HeЪ fi||ingHеnry Vl l lЪ home with 21st сenturygadgets o try to o

- whether thе ghost reallyexists.

But as he prepared o u_ the paranormal,Dr Wiseman admitted: ldon.t hinkwе,rеgoing to f ind а ghost here. don,tbe|ieve n ghosts.But l

don't think people are lying,'he adds. l 'm here to understandwhat havebeen real u-, and I hаve to admit this is quite a mystery',

People say the ghost is HеnryЪ V|IlЪwife, the 2O-year-o|d atherineHoward, Cаtherine spent her |аst days at Hаmpton Court before beingbеheаded at the Tower of London, Da\rs before her deаth shе tried to ,

from her odgingand _ the room of the King. But beforesh eсouId eасhhim аnd beg for merсy, hе was draggedbaсk.

Now visitors o HamptonCouгt are invited o identifyаrеаs of the gaIlerywhere they fee| ,сoId,, t ing|y,or something more to heIp Dr WisemаnЪghost-hunt.

One night I went to the gal leryalone, hoping to '_ the ghost. t wasone а'm., he gal|еryWas o

-and it was diff iсu|to ,,

-thingsout

in thе darkness, сou|dn,t uitewa|ka|ong he сorridorwithout expесtingsomethingdrеаdful o happen'

there was а noise - the door was s|owl\r opening. Ibrightwhite _ my breath, hen as I turned round. I was bl inded by

Iight.Was this the ghost of Cаtherine?No. it Wasn,t ' t 14 to be thenewspаperЪ hotographer rmed with а сamerа |аsh

From А Palace Spook: not a ghost of a сhance'bу David Smith,The Еxpress _ |nternetЕdition

Thе rightwords

1 a |ogiса|2 a paniсkеd

3 a lookinground4 a findоut5 a tаkеn6 a еxperimеnts7 a break8 a makе t9 a run ntо

10 a aIonе11 а mаkе12 a Quiсk|y13 a hеId.l4 a turnеd vеr

0Etr i)E

baId .еldеr|y smal| сur|y

grеу-hairеdmiddlе-аgеdthindаrk-hаirеd.u8lУ .strаightсasuаI.youngish fаshiоnablеin hеir ееns twеntiеs sсruffу

tа|| .оvеrwеight.wе|I-buiItintеrеstig-|ookig .. attrасtivеrеd-hаirеd.bеаrd ., Iondеmoustасhе W3VУ- srnаrtsuspiсious-|ooking

сIothes

gеnеraI ppеaranсе

Findwords onnесted ithmystеryand maginationhiсhmean hеsame s he oI|owingexp|anаtions.he irstand astlеtters f еaсhwordaregiven.

1 a storу assеdn romonеgеnеrаtionoаnothеr:l--d

2 thе aсtshatmakе oubeliеve

somеthings ruе: --е3 possiblееasonsor omеthing:

|-Vе-s4 vanishеdithoutrасе:

d--d5 unusuа|indings:--е

d-s6 something||ogiсa|bout hе

еxp|аnаtion:f--w in а

ty

b сonsidеrаb|еb а|аrmеdb Iookingvеrb |оok utb tаkеoffb еxpеriеnсеsb avoidb makе utofb runovеrb dеsеrtеdb sееb Suddеnlуb kеptb turnеd p

с sеnsItlVес fеarfuIс |ookingntoс trуoUтс taKе nс rеSеаrсnс еsсаpес makеorс rundownс VaсаnT

с Watсnс |mmеdiаtе|ус sеizеdс turnеd ut

Ф



Extrertтеsports

1 took at thepiсtures.anyouname hesе хtrеmеports?

,*;1+'.,:,

Rеadingz Skim еad he ехtаnd ind out how hе writеr е|tduring

hiswingwaIk.gnorеhеgaps.

Mаtсhing eаdingsA hеаdingsuа||yighIightshеmostmportаntiесe finformationr hemain dеa n а pаragraph.еаd асhpаrаgrаphаrеfu||уnddесidе hаt оu hink t saboutbеforеhоosinghеhеading.

1Wing wа|king s a spine-сhi||ingсtivity onсe saw on a TV

p|.ogiu''. саIIedDon,ttry hisat home,. fter eeing t, h0ught0

myse|f,l.dlove o hаvea go аt hat , сouрlе fyeаrsаgo, aсtuall

appl iedora obаsa wingwalker, utwasunsuссessful,hatwаs he

endof hat, r so I hought.

2Тhen, fewmonths go. |oсaI ewspаper iсked pon hestorytha

l hadbeen hosen o takepart n a relаy aсearound ritain. urin

the ntervieщwe tаlked bоutthe iffеrentports ndасtivitieshа

donearoundhewor|d. wаs henasked,WhatЪnext?' had o st o

аnd hinkorabouthreemil|iseсonds.Iwould oveodoаwingwalk

AftertheinterviеwWas0ver,Iwentstraightontothe|nternetсаmrасrossаcompаnyсaIledAerosuperbаtiсs. lthoughtl.dthemа try.As it turnedout. he summerwas theirbusiest ime, o l

wаs to|d o сontaсt hem owardshe endof August.

зТhesummer ameandwent, nd hings egan o lookрromisingo

the wingwa|k.At arоund his time, wаs сontaсted у the сhariSeeAbil i ty,hiсhprovides esidentialursing аre оr bl indpeopI

withdisabi|ities.heywere rying o rаise hе publiсЪ wareness l

theсharity ndwondered hether сou|d elp o promotehe сhari

in any way. explаinedhe situationwith thе wing wa|k.and w

deсidedhаt hiswаs he deа| ссаsion.



3 Matсh he hеadings _g o paragraphs_6.Give easonsforyour hoiсе. hеrе s onеheadingoudo notnееd.

a An unp|еasantftегеffесtb A noisу еginningс A frustratеdmbit iond A dangеrousomеntе A pеrfесtpportunitу

f An unforgеttаblеxpеriеnсеg A сhаnсе nсountеr

ln pairs, isсusshesе uest ions.

] How id hеwritеrirst есomеntеrеstеdn winяwа kinя?Whаt еmindеdhеwritеr bоut isprеviousmbition?Whаt urnеdhеwingwаIknto omethingorеworthwhi|еhаn ust nothеrxсit ingxpеriеnсе?Whаt ind f planе id hеwritеr se orhiswingwalk?

How idhе ее| shеdidhisdanсеoutinе?Lookingaсk, hаt oes е ее| bouthеwingwa|kingflight?

Voсabu aryLeisurо aс|ivit'ioь

5 СompIеtееntеnсеs_8with hesе ords.

.,donе. givе .got. grabbedhаvе..rеmаin

.. аkеpаrt .wаs lowing washaving

1 |'d ikе o аgo

аtwingwа|king.

2 I,vе sportsndасt ivit iеs|| vеr hеwor|d.3 Iwаnt o tаndеm ky iving try'4 I'vе |waуs antеd o in а rе|аyaсе5 l - anamazingimе.6 Тhе drеnаIinе through уbody.7 Whеn thе hаnсеodowingwaIking,

thеopportunity8 Тhеmеmorу f hе l ight i| l==- withmе orеvеr.

Ъpeed nd movоmоnt6 Matсhwords _7 o meanings _g, ссordingo how hеy

arе usеd n thе ехt.1 sprn2 hеad or3 roаr

gathеrpееd|еаvеhеgroundflаp

7 pummеl

Disсusshе oIIowinguestions.о Whаt'sour pinion f еxtrеmеports?o Whаt oуou hinkmаkеs еop|еoеxtrеmeports?. Somе еop|еее| hаt ifеs ooboring owаdays.hаt 's

vour оinion?

2з

4

56

my bodуbeing ummelledy he astmoving ir. hadbeen o|d o

WaVemyhands rounсlo showthe i|ot nd hepеop|e n heground

that wаshavingun. wаs so exсitedhаt stafted oingmySaturday

Night ever outine. he p|ane erformedome riсkymаnoeuvres.t

fe|t s f was on a rо|ler oаster.was o|dater hatwe Wenthr0Ugh

a rangeof .2Gs o +ЗGs. hismeаnt hаtonе minutemy bodywas

inсrejibty eavy. nd hеnеxt nсredib|yight.didn,teaIly аre. was

having nаmаzingime.

0n hedayof hewingwalk, twas rаining.hiswasn0ta good |gn.

Butby he imewe had eaсhedheairpоrt,hе аinhаd tоpрed'met

upwiitrtheеamby hebright|yoloured tterly utterly iplane. fter

a shоrt hat, was strаppedo thestand n op of he planeЪwings.

Тhen twas ime or hepropel lero start pinning. e headedor he

runway ndwaited or hеоthеr ir raffiсo сleаr thenwe wereoff.

Withenginesoaring, e moved own he unwаy, atheringpeed s

WeWent' hen. l| f a sudden. eWere eаvinghegrоund.5Aswe startedoс|imb,he kin nmy асe tаrtedo lap. сouldee|

After bout 5minutes,twаstime 0сome own. felt s f hadon|y

beenup here orа fewseсonds.suppose should avebeen oldbut

the amount f adrenаlin|owing hroughmy bodywаs more han

еnougho keepme Warm. nсе off heplаne ndon heground, y

shouldersеganoaсhe. worked utthаtthis ust ave een aused

bymydanсing gаinsthewind.

Тhememory f he lightWill emаin ithme or ever. f oueverget he

сhanсе owiпgwalk,grab he opportunityithbothhands. nd fyou

dоn,t. ivemе a shout nd ,l| o t oryou.

1l

l

i:t:l

t.

:,

4)6

inсrеаsеhеpaсе fmovе pаnddownbеаt uiсk|ynd еpеatеdlуithyour is ttаkеoffmovеn hеdirесt ionfmovе uiсklу, aking Ioud,dееp oisеturn ound uiсk|y

..::,r,i,:r,::r,::::....-.r:,,,:::r.rr,'..:::.:,::.,,,.r::9:t:::ltar'',,,iil ':r'r'i':r':irl::::'irili::rr.,::i

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Rеаd tatementsl-4and dесidе f thеyаre ruе Т)or false F) .

1 П Wе orm hеpassivе ith hесоrrесtormofbе+ paSI artiсip|е.

2 П A|| еrbs аnbеusеdnthеоassivе.3 П Wеusе hеpassivеhеnwеknowwhоorWnat

did heасt ion.4 П Wеusе hеpаssivе iIh уwhеnwеWant osаy

whodid hеaсt ion.

Read he еxtandunderIineI| hе exampIesf thеpаssivе.hеn aywhiсh ensеshе passiveеrbs re n.

l{ewZealandhitstheworld tаgе

NewZealands a сountryhat houtd ewatсhed ith

intеrest.t's atentednhabitantsre astbeсoming

intеrnationallУamoцs. ears goNеwZеalandersuсhaswriter atherine ansfietdndpainter ranсes odgkins

werе orсedo travеl broad o find uссess. owever,ow

that hespeed f travel asbеengrеatlynсrеаsednd

сommuniсationsrebeing mproved lmost ai[ц

internationaleсognitionasalsobeenaсhieved y New

Zealandersho have hoseno staУ t home.n rесеnt earsfilms ikeThe iano,whiсhwasdireсted yJaneCampion,

andTheLordof theRings ritogy, hiсhwasdireсted yPеter

Jaсkson' avebeеnhuge[yuссessful.ndеed he ordofthe

Ringsnoton[ywokе he estof heworldup o NewZealand

talent цtalsohetped dvertise hata bеautiful ountryt s.

Тhe ouristndustrУ asboosted nd heсountry's

geographiсalsolation asbeсome nadvantages moreentertainers,rtists, ndmusiсianseet hey an ivе nd

work n NеwZea[and hite еaсhingut o audienсeso the

rеstof hеworld.

Сhangеhе sеntenсеsromaсtivе o passive. se hеundеrIinеdords s hеsubieсt.

1 Thе s|аndsаvе ttrасtеdouristsrom lIovеr hеworld.

2 Thеnеw ki еsort i|| ttraсtis itorsrom broаd.3 Pеop|еhink hе s|аndsrе hеpеrfесtoIiday

dеst iаt ion.4 Thе ravеl gent аdbookеdhе lights еfore е

аrrangеdhеaссommodatiоn.5 Thеу i|medThеord I thеRingsn Nеw еaland.6 Peop|еаvе аughtishwеighingp o400kgn Nеw

Zеalаnd'sау f Is|ands.Ехаmple

Touriэts rom а|l ovor the worldhаve beanаttraсtodbу the olаnde.

?aььivo ormэuith tha gэгundandtho nfinitivo4 Matсh uIеs -3 to еxаmpIеs-е.

Rulеs1 Passiveorms rеoftеn sеd ftеr erbs o||owеdva

gеrund,.g. njoу eingtаkеno .,Thеy an Iso еusеd fter еrbsoIIowеdyaninfinitivе,.g.want o bе аken o ..Pаssivеorms anа|so е usеd ftеr rеpositiоns,.g .lookforwаrdobеingtаkеno ..

Hеhopеso be lown verMount ookna hеIiсoptеrТheN4aoriuidе аs uitе е|аxеdbout eing skеdthе amе uestions|| hе imе, uthеgot irеd fbеingphotographedy ourists.I rеmеmbеrеing ivеn tоur f hеmusеumnAuсk|аnd.

d Wеwant o be oIdabоut hеdisсovеrуf thе Bay fIsla ds.

e Joеnjoyеd еing hownamousourist ttrасtiоns.

Сomplеtеhе sесond entenсеn eасhpаirso t mеаns

thе samе s hе irst.Useа passivеormand a gеrund ran nfinitivе.1 IwouIdn,tisk omеonеriving еupMount ook.

lwouldn'tisk...2 Sаrаh as ookingorwаrdo somеonееасhingеr

sсubа iving.Sarah as ookingorwardo ...

3 Мlyr iеnd an,t tand еopIeеlIing imаbout istоry.N4yriеnd аn't tand ..

4 | nееd omеonеo advisе еabout hiсhN4aoriiI|aяеtovisit .l nееd ..

5 I don,tmindpеop|еuiding е ound ouristitеs.I dоn,tmind ..

6 Wеexpесt omеonеogivеusa Iift o thеNorth apе.Wе xoесt..

ab

passlYе

Ф



Rеwritehе sеntenсеsn thеpassivе.

1 FamiIiеsftеn hoosеhеbеaсhеsf |\4ount\4аungаnuifor hеir oIidays.Тhеbеaсhеs...

2 Watеrnd се arvеdhе olсаno e an ее n NеwZеaIandoday.Тhе olсаnoеs..Тhеy ui|t uсk|anditу mongmany xtinсtolсаnoеs.Auсk|and..ln AD1З0, n еnormoUsolсaniсxpIosionormеdLakе aupo.Lakе аupo . 'Thе xpIosionеstroyеdhе orеstsn hеNorth s|аnd.Тhе оrеsts..You аn ind ivе f hеbеst ikingtrаi|sn Nеw ea|andin hеFjordIandatiоnaIark.Fivе ..

Causativehovelget7 took at the ехаmp|еs andb and сompIеtеuIеs and2.

a I hаd hеsе hoеsmаdawhenwas n NеwZea|аnd.b Simon sgottinghishаir ut bеfore еgoes n

hoIidаy,Rules1 Wеusе hесorrесtеnsе f hоvе r +objесt

todosomеthingorus.

2_

СompIеtеhe sentеnсеssing he сorrесtormof hаve/gеtsomеthingone and hе dеas n brасkеts.'1 Wе'rе oingo (bеdroompaint) еxtwееk' t

Iooksеrrib|еt hеmоmеnt.2 Your аir ooks iffеrеnt. (it dyе)?3 It 's oсoId еrеn wintеrWе (сеntraIеаt ing

instaI|)t hеmomеnt.

56

I must (thе omputеrсhесk).t 's otworkingprоpеr|y.|\4у аtсh rokе astmonth o|- (it rеpаir).Wе (adishwаshеrput n) n hеkitсhеn

rесеnt|y.owwеdon'thаvео wаsh p.Myparеnts (thеir еw ousе bui|d)уa loсa|сonstruсtionompаnуast еar.|- (thеsеhoеs mаkе) ya сrаftsmann |Vехiсo.

Lеt'saсtivatеHolidalpreparations9 Look t thеpiсturesnd saywhat hings ouarеgoing o

havе/getonеbеforе ougoon ho|idаy. se hе promptsto hеIp ou.

rеsеrvаtionsmakе shоеs rеpаir с|o thеsс|ean

сar sеrviсе hair сut pаssportrеnеw

Ntrrl

whеnwеask/payomеonе

is |еssormаlhan

I

10

11

12

DRY

Тouгiоt uidaPro6antationIn pairs, rеpare prеsеntationor a short oaсh our ortouristsn yourarea.Dесidеwhiсh oute hе sight.sееingtourwiII akе ndwhiсh Iасеsf nterеstouwiIl alkabout. hink bout:

monUmеnts,аrks' usеums,Iасеsf histor iса|ntеrеst,еntеrtаinmеnt,aturaIеаturеs

Makеnotes o rеmind ouwhat o mеntionn yourpresentation.ddanу nformаtionou hink ourists iI lfind ntеrеstin8,.8.whenpIaсеs erebui|t,whу Ioсаlpеople reattraсtеdo thesеpIaсes, herе ouсanhavеyourphotographakеn.

Nowgivе ourpresentationaboutwominutes aсh)oanothеr airof students.

Ф





Undоrstandingnnounemonllвlmaginе hatyouhavеhada dayout n London nd arеnowgoing omеby rain.When ouarrivе t the stаtion

уounotiсе hatyour rain s noton thе nformationboard.Whаtquеstions ouId ouask o findout hе

followingnformation?1 p|аtformor hеЕdinburghrаin?2 lale?3 pаssеngеrUеUeo standn?4 еxpесtеdimе f dеparturе?5 faсiIit iesnboаrd?6 .savеrtiсkеts'ссеptеd?

6сJ,', Listеno thе station nnounсementnd indаsmany nswеrs spossibIеo thеquеstionsou hought fin 6.

4 Listеn gain ndanswеrhequestions'

1 Whу id hеRomansеttIеn Londinium?2 Whаt аs ееn onе o protесtоndon gainstloods?3 Whу idLondontop еing major ort?4 Whywеrе hеdiffеrеntаrts f hеLondon yе otbui|t

in onеp|асеn|у?5 WhеrеWеrе omе f tsparts ui|t?

5 UndеrIinehеphrasеsndsеntenсeshеspeakеr sеd.ЕxpIain hyhе/shе sеd hеm.

1 this idn't аppеn усhаnсеthis snосoinсidеnсе2 asitwаs al|еdthаt,s hаt еоp|еа|lеdt

3 thе ivеr аs itа|o radе nd rаvеl thе ivеr as

)6

rеаI|уmpоrtаntor rаdе nd ravеlbr ingingn аnd еndingоodso sе|| mport ingndехportingoodsorsa|еhappеnеdftеn wеre rеquеntсondit ionsаvе rеаt|уmprovеdthings rеmuсhbеttеr owwas еa||уiffеrеntсhangеdrofound|уLondonеrsikеhеThаmеs lot thеThаmеsаsbесomе sourсеf p|еasurеo Londonersthеy inishеdt n sеvеn ears it tооk еvеn еarsoсomp|еtе

7

8

Spеakingg 6),.o ln sma|I roups,aywhiсhof thеpIaсesou

wouId ikе o visit f youwеrе n London ndwhy.Usе hedialoguе ox o hеIp ou.

Saying hiсh ou prеfer

A l,d muсh аther otо Тowеr ridge hаnvisit hеLondon yе.B Wе||,,dpre|ero visit hе London уe есоuseI'sa

IovеIуaу nd hе iеw hould е аntаst iс.С Aсtuаllу, thinkThеG|olэеhеаtrе ouldbe muсh

morе nterestinghаnеithеr f thosе.А Personаllу, |ind Ihe hеatrе otherboring.B Mе too. don,t indТhеG|obе оlf аs nterestings

most f hеothеr hings есouId isit .С Right. еt,s o o thе London уе' hеn.

itimuluо- baьoddiьсuььion9 Disсusshesе uestions.

1 Whаt о hеstatistiсsеIow how?2 Whаt ttraсtionsopеoplеikе o visit?3 Whаt ort f аttrасtionsаn ou ее n hеphotos аnd

2?Why oyou hink hеу rеpopular?4 Whаt rе hеmost opuIаrouristttraсtionsnуоur

сou try?5 ShouIdrtgaIlеr iеsndmusеumsе reе, r shouId

pеоplе ay ovisit hеm?

t:

lt

Тэр iuе ourisl аttrаctiоnsn Lоndon



.* Сompletеhе survey boutеntеrtainmеnt'hеnсomparе ourсIass еsults.Whаtdo thеy how bout ourprеfеrеnсesor entertainment?

watсh TV

listеn to thе radio

8o to thе сinеmago to thе thеаtrеlistеn to a сassеttеor СD

nеvеr sоmеtimеs

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vеry oftеn

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Studying he sample

Thе Womсlп п Blасk, now showing at thе Foгtunе Thеatrе inLondon, is a play basеdon u gr'o,.-ttory adщtеd from a novеl.a

t

t

:t{

by Susan нill. It tеlls thе tл" Ьr u',,u,'*"

o*urе who appearsunexpесtеdly throughout thе plav.Аlthough thегеaтеsi x

I".T:]" h",.".".;;ff:";:i.::.Н;'#,,old,

malеnd' (diffеrenсе)arts.Thеydo this еxt.еmеiy uссеsstutlyyadoptinganothеr oiсеor physiсalupp"u.u.,.", r simplyputtingon another oat.

3 Тhе story сеntresaround a young man who visits thе isolatеdhousе of somеone who has ."...,1ty diеd. Thе loсal inhabitantssееmunwilling totalk about thе house, or its pтеviousownеr.As thе story dеvеlops, the truth about thе strangе figurе isslowly revealеdbut thе геal twist сomеs at thе еnd, when theaudiеnсе is lеft , (amazеmеnt)that a stagеplay сould сonvеysuсh a з (powеr)mеssagе.

Thе stagеdireсtion isu . f ighin*,, ,*n,}1'iffii;f

,.::T,j3;.i,Т J art,haudiеnсе from plaсе to plaсе in sесonds.I., udditio.', a baskеtbесomes a ra1|waу arriagе, еliminating thе nесеssity for" (еxpеnsе)and , (inсonvеniеnсе) sсеnесhangеs.Sоmе sсеnеs arе truly 8(fright) and thеrе wеre oссasions whеnthе audiеnсе was sсrеaming in tеrrol. Howеvеr, thе play

nеvеrallows the audiеnсе to sееtoo muсh, and mеrely suggеstssupеrnaturalhappеnings, whiсh is surprisingly, (еffесt).Тbr ay morе would givе еverything awЪy.so] ш you arе rеadyto suspеndyour disbеliеf and bе tй,',po.t"j into thе thri]l nf я

Undsrstаndingha аsК

Look t thepiсturеs. hat nformаtionrеtheygiving?

Rеad hе ext.Mаtсh hе rеviewеr'sdеаs _f oparagraphs_6. gnorehе nouns n braсkets'а rесommendаtionsb tесhniсaIеtaiIsf hеoroduсt ionс briеf Ummaryf hеplot

d introduсtiono hе hаraсtеrse subjесtf hе еviеwf own pinionsbouthеplay

Цloгdbuilding4 Сhangehe nouns -10 ntoadjeсtives.

quitе оftenti

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rnto hеthri.lof a i



Usеa_f romexеrсisе as paragrаph еadings ndputthesewords onnесted ith he heatrеnto heappropriatearagrаph.

* aсtоrs сharaсtеrsсost f produсtion dirесtor|еngthf pIaу |66311onf hеаtrе musiс othеr r it iсs'opinions plot* produсеr rесommеndationssеtting* spесia|ffесts stagе rops strеngths tесhniсaIdеtaiIs wеaknеssеswritеr your pinion

6 Dесidewhiсhwordsn exеrсise are mportаnto nс|udеin a rеview ndwhiсhonеsarеunnесеssаry.

Stеps o hеttеrwritinglntansif1ingdverbь7 Put hese dvеrbsntogroups1_3.Some dvеrbsmay

appеarn morе hanonegroup.

* аbsoIutеlусompIеtе|yсonsidеrаb|y"

еxtrеmе|y* fаir|y high|у quitе rаthеr rеа|lУ s|ight|y* totа|Iу tru|У

1 аdvеrbs hiсhntеnsifyhemеaning lit t|е2 аdvеrbs hiсh onеdown rdесrеаsеhееffесt f

mеaning3 advеrbs hiсh rеusеd ithungradаb|е,r |imit '

words, .g. 0rrесt

8 (ompIеteentenсеs_6withan adverb rom7..l Thеaсtrеss ho ook hе еаdWas prеtty.2 The ndof hеp|аy as tеrr ifуing.

3 ТhеSеats еhadwеrе unсomfortаb|е.4 Тhеusе f ight ingas5 |nеmus|с as

original.tеrrifiс.

6 Thе iсkеts еrе еХpеnslvе

\rlords hatgo togоther9 Matсh erbs -9 to thе words hеvareoftenusеdwith

a-i.1 adаptrom (n)2 sсrеаmn3 rеvеа|hе4 сonvеy (n)5 transportrom6 е|iminatehе7 sееm nwiIIingB givе way (n)9 suspendour

10 write ivеsеntenсеsf yourownusing hephrasеsin 9.

ЕхаmpleTha pIауwаэаdаpted rom а novelbу 6ueаn Hil|.

LinКшords'|1 Matсh hе |inkwords _8 o theirusеs _d.

1 Forа start,2 Inaddit ion,3 Finаlу,4 Howеvеr,

5 Furthеrmorе,6 0n thеothеr аnd,7 NеvеrthеIеss,B To umup,

a to ntroduсеhe ast oint f alIb to ntroduсесontrаstingdеас to ntroduсеhе irst ointd to ntroduсеfurthеr oint

a truthb sесrеtс onеp|aсеoаnothеrd nесеssitуorе novе|f disbе|iеfg tеrrorh to alk bouti powеrfuI еssagе

Writingyour reviеwPlanning

12 youaregoing owritеa reviеw f a playor a fiIm.Usethe oIlowinguggеstionso pIan ourwriting.. Сhoosе plау r i|m hat ntеrеstsоu.Do nоtwritе

rеviеw f somеthingouhavе ot ееn.. Dесidеn hеnumbеr f paragraphsouwi|I ritе ndthеordеrn whiсh hеywilI ppеar.

. Dесidе hаt еtаil shе еаdеr iI l ееd o know, .g.thеnаmе f hе i|m/p|ау,hеrеt sоn, hеbaсkgroundo hе tory,hе еtting,hеauthor,сtors,or anyothеrntеrеstingnformation.

. |\4аkе|ist fwhat rе hеmost mpоrtantсhаrасtеristiсsf hеpIay r i|m, .g.hе trеаtmеntfthе) tory,hеnumbеr f асtors,hе pесia|ffесts,hеsсеnеrV.hе oсation.

Цiriting

Thinking bout our ntеndеd udienсеRеmеmbеrot ogivе oomuсh f hе torу way hеn

уoU rеwriting rеviеw f а pIay r i lm. hiswouIdspoi| vеrythingorpеop|ееаdinghе еviеwhеn oingto sее hеоеrformаnсе.

.l3 writеyourrеview 200_250 ords)..

organisеour еviеwogiсaI|уn pаrаgraphs.

. usе hrasеs,dverbs,tс. o makе ourwriting orеintеrеstingoryour еаdеrs.

. usе inkwordsomakе our еviеwoherеnt.о makе omе еrs onaIесommеndations.

LhoсYing14 сhесk hatуouhave:

. inс|udеdII hеnесеssaryеtaiIs.o notgivеn wау urprisеs.. writtеnhесorrесt mount 200-250 ords).

@



1\o уaььivo1 Соmpletеhesеntenсеs ith hе сorreсt passivе)ormof

thе vеrb n braсkеts.1 Nowаdays,tudеnts (wаrn)оt о rаvе||onen

dаngеrousountriеs.2 Тomdоеsn't аvе o wоrk.Hе (support)у his

parеnts.3 Lаst ummеrhe hi|drеn (tеасh)ng|ishуа

studеntoIuntееr.4 Аt hemomеnt,аp еаrs (tаkе)ymorе nd

morе tudеnts.5 Yеstеrdауt hrее ,с|oсkina (intеrviеw)ora

gаp-уеаrob.

6 ТhеhoIidауеstinаtion (сhоosе)hrееwееks go .7 Wе an't оout onight. е- (givе) lotofhomеwork.

8 Тhеnеw сhool uiIding (not omp|еtе)nti|neХt еаr.

2 сhoosе hе сorreсt nswеr.1 Тhеаrtof mаking ottеrys bеing/bееnеvivеdn thе

сity f Nеlsоn.2 Somе rеttуhurсhеsаvе еing/bееnuiIt n thе

Wimеa |ain.3 Whеn hе ailwаy as еing/beелonstruсtеd,еvеra|

wоrkеrs еrе i||еd.4 Gum rееs rе aid o have еing/bеeлntroduсеdntоthеarеаmаny еars go.

5 Nе|sоn аsnеvеr еing/bееninkеdo thе аilnеtwork.6 Thе оuristndustrу asbеing/beeлеlpеd y rесеnt

сhangеs.

3 Сompletеhе sесond еntеnсеn еасhpаirso t meаnsthе sаmе s hе irst.Usе hе сorrесt оrmоf thepassivеor thе асtive ndmаkеanyothеrneсеssaryhаngеs.1 Thеу rеpaintingur сhoo|t hеmomеnt.

Our сhoo| at hеmomеnt.

2 Thеgovеrnment

as ntrоduсеdnеw аw.A nеw аw by hеgovеrnmеnt.3 Тhе riminaIsеrе aughtеstеrdауу hеpoIiсе.

Тhepoliсе уеsterdаy.4 Тhеmесhaniсаs еpair ing yсarwhеn аrrivеd.

Mусаr whеn аrrivеd.5 Тhе ontrасti l lbеsignеdomorrow.

Wе tomorrow.6 Тhе еaсherеаd hеpoеm o hе tudеnts.

Тhеpoеm7 Sсiеntistsаvе ееn tudуinghеprob|еmoryеаrs.

Тhеprob|еm forуеars.

8 Тhis ооk asn't ееn ubIishеdeforе.Тhеу bеforе.

Paььзvoormsшith hogоrundandthо nfinitivs4 Rеwritеhesе еntеnсеseplaсinghе wordsn itаliсswith

a pаssivеormand а gerund r an nfinitivе.1 Doуouеnjoуr whеn omеonеаkеs oи o thе hеаtrе?

Doyouеnjoу..2 Would оu ikе omеonеo еll ouаbout hеhistorу f

оur sIаnd?Wou|dou ikе ..

3 WouIdoumind f somеonеskedouа fеwquеstions?Would oumind .

4 | hopе hat omеonе illgivеmе somеnformаtiоnаbоutосаl Ustoms.Ihopе.,.

5 Аrеуou ookingorwаrdosomеonеаkingouon a tourof thесity?Аrе оu ookingorwаrdо ...

Lauьalve hаvo/get

5 Rеwritе hеsеntenсes sing hе сorreсt orm of hаve/gеtsomething onе.1 Тhеpаssportgеnсy as о rеnеwmypаssportеfоrе

goаlэroаd.f kвvg" t:5*f m.уpаввp*rt a,nawad*fвr*' gtlсзtэraqd.

2 Mуmotоrbikеrokе own.t nееdеdo be еpаirеd.l hаd o...3 Тhis omputеroеsn't оrk. nееd omеonеo ix t.

I nееd о...4 SаrаhWantsomеonеоpiеrсе еrnosе.

Sаrаh аnts..5 jaсkiе rrangеdor omеonеo dеlivеr pаrсе|о her

noUsе.

Jасkiе .6 Thе itсhеnееdso bеpаintеd. еwаnt omеonеo

paint t.Wеwаnt ..



Reading6 Rеad hе extandmаtсh еsсriptiоns_d о paragraphs

1_4.Thеn omp|еtеhе extwith hе сorrесtormof thеverbsn braсkеts.a Thеwritеr 'sесommеndаtiоnb Fасts bouthе i|m

с Whаt hеwritеrhoughtf hеpIоtd A dеsсr ipt ionf hеpIot

l{riting7 writеа rеview f а film. nсlude aсts bout he iIm,

dеsсriptionf thеplot,what ou hought f thе ilm,andwhеther ou rесommеndееingt'

Listеning8 d),' Youarеgoing о hеаra London ourguidе. isten

аnd iсkwhаt ouсando or seeat еaсhplaсе.

Сhаngiпgf thеGuаrds

{rоvс j*r,r:еls

ldаt iоnаiаl l*rу

N*issп,sо umr':

Shаft*sbury vе*c"Eе

St Рaшl's аthеdrа|

Stаtu* f Ёr*s

Stаtие*f Quееtз lсtariа

Таtе Рd*dеrrз

.̂a

:tl:-.ii

. l

вooк f sимows:BIаirWitсh2 is а sеquеl o thе first-

ratеhorror hlm ТhеBIаirWi|сhProjесt. hе film

arе оbsеssеdwith thе spinе-сhill ing еVепtsof Thе BIаir

Witсh Proiесf. vеntually, thеy gо to thе Blaсk Hills tоfind out what rеal ly hаppеnеd and еnd up сamping in

thе forеst ovеrnight. Тhе nеxt morning thеy rеalisе

that thеy didn't slееp,but thеy сan,t геmеmbет

anvthins about thе night bеfoге'Worsе stil l, bizarrе

,nЬbol,"* (paint) on thеir bodiеs.Tеrrifrеd,

tЬеy rush baсk to town, only to disсovеr hat

sоmеthing oI somеonе has сomе With thеm.

(dirесt) yJoеBеrl ingеr nd'=- (sеt)n

thе Blaсk Hil ls - thе sаmе Ioсation hat

(сhoosе) or thе original BtсlirWitсh'

Thе film tеlls thе story of fivе сollеgе studеntsWho

лttt'oщд в, ok of Shаdow.ss similаr to-thе firs1Blaiт

Witсh moviе, tеrr ifying nеw tеrritoтУ, -

(еxp.lorе). onvinсing pеrformanсеs" -- (givе)ьy it-rеmain aсtorsand JеffгеyDonovan is сompеll ing

u, ,t"," rяanisеr of thе trip. Howеvеr, thе rеal strеngth

of thе лtй is its fast.moving and unpгеdiсtablе

storyl inе.Sinсе thе fi lm firstopеnеd, audiеnсеs

еuе,ywhе,е (surргisе) y thе horrifiс еnding.

тo s.'m u'p,Book f Shаdows hiсh is aсtiоn.paсI.1' .аnd frighiеning' f you o

-- (intгiguе) у ThеBIаir

Bе*fеаtеrs

WitсhProjесr, ou,Ilеnioy itl

tpr::.:r.::ri:r,r::,.:::l.l.r::rl:l:rl:







tigtlnt ligrhts WHYY0URкlDs1 Look t thеpiсturе.Whаt o you hink t shows? WlLL NEVERЕE

THESTARSBy MarkTownsend

Sinсe hedawn f сiviIisаt ion.t hasenсhantedndintriguedumanity'ut henight kywith tsсomets,сonste||аtionsndgа|axiesasnоw аnishedormuсh fthepopuIat ionn Britain.ight o||ut ion,aused ythehuge ise n aгtif iсiа|ightingtnightrom treetamps.faсtor iesndаirports, eanshаt heheavensrenolonger is ible eyondheglow fneon nd odium. ehаve estroyedur iew f he tаrsn a matter fdeсаdes.n|y hemost hinly opuIatedepths fSсot|andandWaIes, nd heheart fЕngIand,sat ionaIarksremаinru|y аrk. ore han a|fhepresentenerationf

сhi|drenave ever een heMi|kyWay, heband fgаsesand tars hаt tretсhesrom orizono horizon.ut he

Reading2 Rеad he еxtand сompIеtehе nformаtion

.l

Rеasonsor ight o||ut ionn Britain:2 Dark rеasеmаining:-3 Proportiоnf сhi|drеnhohаvе ееn hеMiIkyWаy

Pеrсеntаgеf Britаin nаffесtеdy ight oIIut ionn he1950s:, nоwаdаys:Rеаsоnsor he nсrеаsеn sесuritуight ing:First аtiono pаss |аw o rеduсeight оlIut ion:

Sсan hе еxt ndanswеrhеquеstions.1 Aссordingo hеwritеr, hаt ffесt аs hеnight ky

аlwаysаdon humаn еings?How оеs аtе аrminstеrеsсribеhеnight ky?Whаt rit iсismоеs hewritеrmаkе f sесurityighting?Whаtmеasurеss hеDеpartmеntorTrаnsporturrеntlуtаkingo rеduсeight ollut ion?

5

6

234



reaIeаr orastrоnomerss hat аrdly nyof henextgenerationiII eabIeosharensuсh eIest iaIeauty.

Тhe xtraordinaryxpаnsionf ight o||ut ionsexposedy atell itemages fLondonakenn 1984 nd

2003' hey how n s|аndrаppedn a bubbl e f ightwith

on|y bout %of Britainemаiningnaffeсted.etduring

the1950s n|y 0% f heUKwаsaffeсted yskygIow.

Now t s а serious at ionaIrobIem.

Kаte arminster,hief xeсut ivef heCampaignor

theProteсtionfRural nglаnd,eIieveshat henextgenerаtioni|| eсomplete|ysolatedrоm he est f he

universeehind bank fart if iсiaIight.We,refast osing

oneof hemost eautifuIndаmazinghings ature as o

offer s,, he аid.Alreadymost fus ive np|асes herelight ollut ions so bad hatwe'l l ever l impseurowngalaxy,heMilkyWay.'

Тhegrowth frural rimes part ly lamed0r he rend.

enсouraginghe ntroduсtionfseсurityight inghose

tendenсyo switсh nwith very assingat ights p he

most emoteoсat ions.аny re oo ensit ivend oo

bright.But he ssues sIоw|yeingaken erious|y'

сommitteefMPs n ebruaryegano сonduоtn nquiry

into heeffeсts f ight оl|ut ion.nfoгtunate|yonсern

Iags аrbehindhat fother uropeanountries,partiсuIar|yheCzeсh epubIiсhere,n Marсh 003,

astronomerse|pedopush hroughhewor|dЪirst

сountrywideaw oreduсeight o||ut iоn.n hemeantime,

theDepartmentorTrаnsportiI l ontinueountinghe

numberfstreetamps hiсh ave heavy overo

ensurehat ights directedown n o he oаd. f

effeсt ive eаsuresаnbe aken eforet s oo ate, nа

с|eаr,ark ight etweеn,000nd ,000tars houId e

visiblen he ky.

Voсabu a yЕnvironmentalesues4 Сhoosеhе most ppropriate ord o сomp|еtееntеnсes

1_6.At Ieast nеof thewords ppеarsn thе еxt.1 Тhе ea| lоrmffеаrs hаt hiIdrеniII еvеr ее hе tars.2 AirpoIIut ionsnow sеriоusroblеm/doubrn Britain.

3 Wе'rеаst osingnеof hеmost еаutifuIhingsсountrуsidе/nаturеas o offеr.4 Light olIut ionssobаd/poorhаtwеmаynеVеr еab|е

to sее hеN4iIkyаy gаin.5 Тhе onсеrn/issuеs s|owlу еing аken еrious|yy

govеrn еn organisаtions .6 Тhеgovеrnmеnts nоw onduсtingnеnquirу/inquеst

into ight ollut ion.

Vorbs vrith nоgativo m9anin96

5 Mаtсh hеsе еrbs o themеanings _h.Тhеnput hеvеrbs n the сorrесt ositionn sеntеnсеs_B.

" аffесtеd b|amеd сausеd dеstroyеdexpоsеdn iso|аtеdtrappеd vаnishеd

a hе|d еsponsib|еb broughtboutс disappеаrеdrom ightd troublеdbу)

е сutof ff ruinеdg madе nownh саught

12

Doеs nyonеnowwhаt hееxpIosion?Тhе еaI xtеnt f thеdamаgеo thеozone ауеr аsbyanart iсIеn a nаtiоnalеWspаpеr.Тhе nсiеntitуwаsbyan еarthquаkеаny еnturiеsgo '

Noоnе ikеso bе or omеthinghеy idnotdo.Нotеl uеsts еrеn hе ift orovеr n hour еforеhеyWеrе еSСUе0.Тhеghost|уigurе al kеd own hе orridorhеn squiсk|ys t had ppeаrеd.It s not еt nown оwmanу еoplе avе ееn y hе

3

45

unknownlrus.8 Pеop|еiving n hеsеs|аndsаvе еen rom iviIisаt ion

forhundrеdsfyеаrs.

. How еriouss hеprob|еmf Iight olIut ionnyourсou trу?

. Whу oyou hink ovеrnmеntshou|dаkеmеasurеsorеduсеt?

. How ffесt ivеoуou hink urrеnt еаsUrеso rеduсеIight olIut ion ight е?

о How ouId rdinаrуеop|ееpеrsuаdеdо rеduсеightpо|lut ionn hе uturе?

lЕ

ltit:i.1t,ii:r:,xai:ttgiti::,.1]:*1 ::U|Ulliiiii::ii:11.1}i,,,,':.rrlalilillllril:.:rrr.al:llgifl:i..rl.lirrllailllli:@



l{|ays f taIkingabout thе future

QlliсI<Gr.''-z

Matсh hevеrbs n itaIiсn sеntеnсеs-4 to themеanings_d.1 |s hаt hеphonе?' i l nswеrt.2 \Ne,rеoingogoout ora pizza onight.3 |,m аving n ntеrviеworа job omorrow.4 ThеЕng|ish|аsstarfs t 8.З0.

а аn еVеnt nа timеtab|еb аn ntеnt ionс a dеfiniterrangеmеnt

d a dесisionhiсh as ust ееnmаde

Desсribеhispiсtureof a smarthousе.Whаt oyou hinka smarthouseis?Howdoes tсompare ithatypiсaI omenowadays?

'.Q,:l ,i,,.n to someoneаlking bout he smаrthousеand dесidе f thе statеmеntsrе ruе Т) r falsе Е) .Сorrесthosеwhiсharе a|sе., l П ТhеbuiIdеrsi|| аvеinishеdhеhousе y hе

еndof hеYеar.2 П Whats nsidеhеhousе iII avе trеmеnоoUS

еffесt n our ivеsn uturе.3 П Тhе nsidе f hehousеooks omp|еtе|yiffеrеnt

frommostmodеrn ousеs.4 П RеsidеntsiI|indmuсhmorе hаn xоесtеd

in hеhоusе.5 П 0n|у hе iсhwiII еаbIе o affоrd housе

ikеhis.6 П Thеdеsign еanshее|dеr|уi|| е|ivingindеpеndеntlyormuсh ongеrhаn hеу о odаy.

Doyou hinkanyof thеprеdiсtionsn exerсisе arеIikеly o сomе rue?Why/Whyot?

willor goingto

5 СompIеtеhе сonvеrsationssingwillor going o,aссordingo whеthеr hepеrson asaIready есidеd odo something r s dесiding r agrееingo do somethingat hе imеof spеaking.1 Arеn,tou oming ithus o hе inеma?

No, 'm xhaustеd.- putmyfееt p n ront fthеTVanddo nothingtа|l.

2 What oyou аnсy оing nSaturdayight?Havеn'tс|uе h, I know. е- try hat еw|taIianеstaurаntn hеHigh trееt.

3 - doyour \4аthsomеworkonight?Тoo ruеl want ogеt t outof thеwaybеforеhе

wееkеnd.4 What do аbout hat nvi tationе eсеivеdoPau|'sartу?Sеarсh еl don't еa|lу antogо, oуou?

5 Whеn |еavесhoo|, f ind оb hat еa||yintеrеsts еI'vеmаdеmуmindup o dо hat, ool

6 | givе оua ring bouthе onсеrtomorrown ght.Тhаt,sinе. shоuId еat homе hеn.

Future implо nd futurо ontinuous6 Read hе ехаmplеs -d and answеrhequestionsl-4.

a Thiв time noхt wooК,,ll bе moving nto mу nawhouэo.

bс

d

NeхtwaeК,,Il bo in Pаriэ.We,regoing on holidау.Thiв timetomarrow,wa,llbe Jlуing to Fome.We need to spoаK' o we,II honoуou tomorrowfrom Fomo. 0K?

1 Whiсhensеsusеd o aIk bout nасt ivitуhаtwiIl еin progrеssta spесif iсimе n thе uturе?

2 Whiсhеnsе oWеusе o аIk bout lanshаtwеknowаbout еforеpеaking?

3 Whiсhеnsе oWеUsеorprediсt ions,еnеralstatеmеntsbout hе uturе r dесisionsbout hеfuturеhаtwеmаkе t hеmomеnt f speаking?

4 Hоw owе orm hе uturе ontinuous?

7 writesеntеnсesboutwhаt ouwi|Ibе doing t thesеtimes n the uturе.1 this vеning2 this imе omorrow3 nеxt аturdayftеrnoon4 nеxt еаr5 in wo еars't imе6 аt hrее .сIoсkomorrow orninяEхаmpIеThiэ evening ,ll bo meetingmу riеnds.



Future уerfoсi. implо8 Look t hеeхamp|esаndb аnd

сomplеteu|еs l аnd 2.a Fу эеveno,сIoсKonight wilI

hаvo inishodmу homoworК.b tv\ost эoplewiIIhаvo tаKan

hundradэof ехаmэbу the

time thaуdro 20 уeаrsold.1 Wеusе hе to a|k

about nасt ivityhаtwi|| еfinishеdva soесif iсimе n hеfutu е.

2 Тo orm hе uturе еrfесtimp|еWеusеwill(not)past апiсipIe.

9 СompIetеhesentеnсеs ith heсorrесtorm: uturе impIе rfutureperfeсt imple, f thevеrb

in brасkets., l Тhе nginееrs (сonnесt)thе е|еphonеy unсhimе.

2 In u1urе,аrеnts- (usе)rеmotе-сontro|amеrаsoсhесkthеir hiIdrеnrе afеn bеd.

3 By201 ,еvеrу оusеho|d(inna||)аесuritу

a|аrm.4 Pеop|е (bе b|е)o

switсh n еvеrу ightn hеhousе iaa сomputеr.

5 Smokе еtесtors (switсhoff) hеgаs upp|yf |еvеlsfсаrbonmonoxidеrеhigh.

FuturePorfoсl.ontinuouь10 Look t examplеs andb and

сompIеteuIеs|and2.a 9у tha ond of tha уэor l will

hаvo beon еаrningЕnglishfor over our уeаrs.

b Аt tho ond of thiв monthdohn wiIIhаvo been worKing

herefor rхасtlуfiva уeаrв.Rules1 Wеusе hе- to a|k

аbоut сtionshatwi|| аvе ееnhappеningorа сеrtаinеr iod ftimеbеforе spесifiсoint nthе uturе.

2 To orm hе uturе еrfесt

сontinuousеUsе+hаve+-formof thеvеrb.

11 СompIetеhеsеntenсеssing he uturе еrfесt ontinuous.

1 | startеdiving еrе iхdays go.Bу his imе оmorrоw wiII аvaboan iving hero or а weoK.

2 Suе tartеdriving hеn hеwas 7yеars ld.By hе imе uе s25, hе ..Thе uthor tаrted riting isnеwbook womonths go.By hе imеwеhavе urmееtingextmonth е ..

I stаrtedoingmyhomеworkt оur 'с|oсk.Bу еvеn 'сloсk...Тhе onstruсtionompаnytartedui|dinghаt ousеhrее ееks go.By hееndof nеxt ееk hеy ..

ff i

ExtrawordsDоnot ust еad асh inе ndividua||y.еаd асh еntеnсеsа whoIе.hiswi||hе|о oudесidеf a word s nееdеd rnot.

12 кеad hе ext. omе f thе i nеs rесorreсt, ut mosthаve n еxtrawordwhiсh

doesnot it nto hеsеntеnсе. ross ut hе extrаwords nd iсk(/) the Iineswhiсharесorrесt.

Robоtiс futurе rushеs owardsusThe first robot.сontrol lеd tаxi witt { be instal led somewhere

in the world bеtween zoo4 and 2oo7. Not on[y that, but beforе

this deсade is over, news prеsеnters wil l bе transmit what they

sее tivе to ТV sсreens frоm miсro.sensors planted in their

optiсnеrve.What hеy say witl have bе piсkеdup by mobilеphonе

'ransmittеrsmp[antedn thе thеir shouldеrs. wo yеars aftеr thаt,

'the first of faсtor ieswitt be working n spaсe,makingmiсro-сhips'rom сrystalswhiсhgrown n spaсе' and shipping hem baсk to the *

еarth in auto-pilot huttles.Bу zoo6, biomеtr iс ignaturеs itt bе

'ommonplaсе.Workеrs witt gain entry, and сustomerswitt get ..

thеirсreditbalanсеs t a glanсe,hrough еingсomputer.basеdptiсat-*reсognit ionofthеireyеs.Stolеnwithpersona[teсhniсa[equipmentWirеfusetoworkbесausеitсannotbeenreсognisеthepattеrnsofthеownfingerprints.еoplewil l votе on-l ine n loсal and nationa[ [eсt ions?from mobile erminals n all over the world. Bу zoo5, .goingout ' ?,wittbe а matter f a staying n and downloadingilms, ive сonсerts?and ootbatt atсhеsowatсh t a timеbywhiсh uits our outinе. ',

a

ryr:;;,::*st'

Lеt'saсtivatеLifо in the futura

13 Use opiсs l_6'аndsomeof yourown' o taIkaboutwhatpеopIе iIIbe doingwilIhavеdonеby2050.Usе hе uturе ontinuous r thе utureperfeсt hеrepossiblе.

EхomplеWт,II ll hаve|aаrnad o ;PoaK ho ваmo anguаge.

1 robots 3 spасеravеl 5 food nddrink2 еduсаtion 4 trаnsport 6 work

+thе iЛ8

Ф



Pores аIDorс

1 Look t thеpiсtures nd answеrhеquеstions.

1 What o hеpiсturеshow?2 Whatmоtivatesеop|ео ехplorеIaсеsikе hеsе?3 What roblemsoyou hink еop|е ould aсе urviving

in hеsе lасеs?

Listеning2 О6Jв.z ouаrеgoing o heara сhat howhost aIkingo

а Brit i sh oupIе hosе im s o bе hе irst usband nd

wifе еam owaIk o bothpo|еs. еad hrough uеstions1_7.Тhen isten nd сhoose hе сorreсt nswеrs.

Harrу ndWеndу есаmеntеrеstedn poIarеgionsa whеn hеywеrе uitе oung hiIdrеn.b whi|еhеywеrе n hеir onеymoon.с after аtсhingrogrammеsbout hеаrеa.d during tr ip hеymаdе о hеAntarсtiс.

Hаrryее|shat hеуwiII еab|еo сopеwith hе ripbесausеhеу

а havеаkеn аrt nа simi|аro|аrrеk еforе.b hаvе one omе oughrainingn hеpoIarеgionsс hаvе tudiеdhеаrtof survivaIn po|аrondit ions.d hаvе аd omе xpеriеnсеf |еssntеnsivеrеks

е|sеwhеrе.

WеndуayshеywiIl аvе iff iсu|tya f eеing pеnoughimе or hеwаlk.b mаking rogrеssnmovingсе.с mаkingUrе sUpportеаm sа|wауsnhаnd.d wа|kingong istаnсеsn rееzingеmpеratUrеs.

Hаrrysmostworriеdbouta dеaIlng ith hеunеxpесtеdrr ivaIf an unwantеd

visitor.b еnsuringhеy avе noughood nd uppliеsor hе

jou nеy'с havingo putoПехtra odуwеightor hееXtrеmе

сondtions.d rеmеmbеringopасkhе ight mеrgеnсуquipmеnt.

Wеndуs оokingоrwаrdоа thе аtisfасtiо nf havingаisеd onеуorа goоd

сaU e.b thе hal|еngеf сrossingrеssurеidgеs.с thе hаnсeo eеl t pеасе ith hе urroundings.d thеopportunitуophotographhеwondеrsf nаturе

Harry еl iеvеshаt еandWеndу i||а bеproud fwhаtеvеrhеуmаnаgеo aсhiеvе.b bе orgottеnеroеs hеn hеir rdеaIsovеr.с mаkеt o hеPo|е hаtеvеrаppеns.d win hе еspесtf hеir r iеndsnd аmiIy.

Hаrry ayshаt ur inghеir ournеy

a thеy'||robablуosеhеir uсky аsсоt,isotto.

b thеy'||еfinitе|yavе owork ard о survive.с thеу'||robab|уеaсh pаrt f hе се hеy аn r oss.d thеy'||еrtаinIyаvе sеriousrgumеnt.

PronunсiationHomophonos3 Q,' Somеwords ound hе samе, utаrеwritten

diffеrеntIуndhavedifferentmeanings.istеn o somepаrts f thе aIkagаin ndсirсIе hеwords ouhеar.,l соarsе сoursе

2 wеightwаit3 bаrе bеаr4 thеу'rеthеrе

4 Explain hеmeanings f thе words ou havеnot сirсIеdin 3.

5 piесе pеaсe

6 |еasеd|еаst7 bеan bееn

Ф



Homonlms5 Q"l Somеwords ookаnd sound hе sаmebut have

diffеrеntmeanings.istеn ndmatсh hеwords _5 othеmеanings_е.

l ntarpreting oadlinоs8 Mаtсh hе hеadlinеs -4 to thеparagraphs_d.

,I p|аn a2 might b

lamp brightnеssnothеаvyrеmаin prighttolеrаtеbеsituаtеdrIoсatеdmаkе dеtаi|еd аp intеnd arrangebеforehadstrеngthmodа| xprеssingossibiIityroom theunivеrsееyond urеаrth

3 lrght

4

5spaсеstа d

dе

Speaking6pосulаtinq6 66)в.s n groups, isсuss owеasy r diffiсu|tt mightbе

to takepart n thеsе nusuаI сtivitiеso raisemoney orсharity. sе he dia|oguе ox o heIp ou.

Rowing p hеAmazon Сусlingсross еruWalking сross еnyа Sаi l ingсrosshеАt|аntiс

SpесuatingA lt,sdifJiсult o sау eхaсI|уowdiffiсult t mightbе o

do hеsеhings.B l suppose yс|ing ightbe thеeosiest. vеrуbody

knows ow o сус|е, on,t heу?С Surelу owing p hеAmazоn lould e themost

diffiсulPRowing ustbe hardwork,mustn,tt?D I'd аthеrowU0 hеAmazonhan aiI сrosshе

At|antiсt саn,t e muсh un bеing tuсk n а yасhtin hеmiddlе f an oсеanorwееksn еnd. аn t?

Pгior it is inq

7 О6Jв'в isсusshe mportаnсe f thе сhаritiеs nddесide hiсh nemost ееds our upport. sе hеdiaIogueox o hе|p ou.

Sundеr|аndomе or trаV oяsHousеhеHomеlеssСampaigngаinststhmа

Suppоrt iIdIifеorganiсruit ndVеgеtаb|еoсiеtу

Prior it is ingA I don,t hink upporIingrgаniс roduсе lould е

nеаrIу s usеful s hе|pinghеhomе|еss,оyou?B Thаtwoulddеfinitelу еmу аstсhoiсe, Ithough

thinkorganiс roduсеsbеttеr. o, thinkwe houldhelp oproteсtwiIdIifе.orme, hаt,smuсhmorеimportаntthаn rganiс roduсе.n асt, think t, sthemost mportаntof аll'

. i..alr ': , ,r la

. l.. l

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t:

,- Amateшrdventurershreatenwhite wildgrness s,.,,,,.*,,,

.,r,:,rr:,:llli"::llliiitt"'.,,,:llt:r'r',,:'r,,,.:::rlrr::.:::,,.:r,rirrtir..:,r::,,.:..':rэ

,Big Ьusinеss ooks toсlеanup Ьy сlеaning upthе South Polе

4F

sea temperature hangеsthrеatennta,iii. ip"Ей

-r,,{l""ttt""'_. ,,it}.,,,:::.,.ir::.::.r.,arr:,:iriiii:,.,r::.:,:riiir,.rirrrriiar:,.:.,,,,.irrrr,,.....i1fi...i,,,.,:r,.,,,r,**,.j

a It'shеult imatееstinаtionoradvеnturеoorts nd

wiIdIifеаfаr is.hе сеnеrysstunning.ut ouristsshouId otbееnсouragеdo visit ntarсtiса.ссordingto еnvironmеntаIis tshе rаgiIесosystеmhou|d еprotесtеdrom ourism.

b Vivеndi nvironnеmеnt.srоjесto rеmovеolIut iоnfrom ntаrсtiсaаybеdaunting,ut t wiII oosthеfirm's rеdibil ity.

с In100 еars'imе hеSouthеrnсеаn tmosphеreou|dbеwаrmеr, ithmuсh еssсе nd now n hepеninsuIa.

d .|VanyAntаrсtiсrganismsrе usсеptibleovеrу mа||

сhangеsn еmperаturе,,rofеssor|аrkеaid.So

ifsomе f hеmоrе Xtrеmеrojесt ionsf еmpеrаturесhangеn hе еа vеntuatеt s Iikеlуhаtwеwi|| аvеsomе xtinсtions.'

9 Disсusshеsе uеstions.1 Whаt o hеhеаdIinеsuggеst?2 Whаt oyоu hink sсаusing|obaIarming?3 Whаt аnbеdone oprеvеntt?4 Whаt thеr hrеatss hеwor|daсingoday?

Ф







Willor going o1 Undеrlinеhе сorrесt hrаsео сompIеtееntеnсеs_6.

1 l'm stаrting nivеrsitynOсtober.,m oingostudу/,llstиdy hуsiсs.

2 oh, hеphonе'singing. оn,tworry, ,m oingoаnswеr/'lInswеr|.Whаt rеmyplаnsor hеwееkеnd?,m oingovisit/,l|visitJudу.Your uitсasеs hеavy.,m oingto elp 'll hеlp oUСarrуit.Joсаn't оout onight'he,sgoiлgohаvе/,llаvеdinnerwithherpаrеnts.l 'mnоt urе bоut оingo hе inеmа. еrhаps'и

going o stоу n/,llstaу n IonighI.

Futurg?orfoс,|impleor futurоуorfeс|.ontinuoue4 Undеrlinеhесorreсt hraseo сomplеtеhe sеntеnсеs.f

botharеpossibIе,hoosеhе сontinuousоrm.1 | wiI аvе tudiеd/wi| аvеbееn tudуing rеnсh or ovеr

fivеVеаrs v hееndof this еаr.At ninео,с|oсkamiewi| аvе lоуеd/willаvе ееnplауing аskеtbаlIorеxасt|ywohours.l' l lsеnd ou hе еsults y unсhtime.wi|| аvесаlсulаtеd/wiIlаvе ееn аlсulаtinghеm by hеn.Whеn likе аkеs isdrivingеst еXtwееk е wil/аlrеаdу аvе аkеn/wiIl lrеаdуhоvebееn аking ttwiсе.Wе'rе оvingnto urnеW pаrtmеntеxtmonthbесаusеhеbuildеrswiIlhаvе lnishеd/willаvе ееn

finishingthееpairs.Wеwill hаvеwаtсhed/willаvеbееnwаtсhing V or ovеrfours оurs y hе imе his i|m inishеs

FutuгоPorfoci implо,utursсontinuous' wiII, rgoing to5 Сompletehе sеntеnсеs ith hе сorrесtormof thе vеrb

in braсkеts. se hе uturе еrfeсt impIе,he uturepеrfесt ontinuous, ill, or going o.Thеrеmаy bе morethanonepossiblе nswеr.] NеxtMaywе (know)асh thеr or woyеars.2 Bу2050mаn (probab|усo|оnisе)hеplаnеt

Mаrs.3 |'m ot urеwhеrееnny (go)his vening. hy

doуouwаnt o know?4 Don't honеmеа{tеr inе .m. (wаtсh)hе

footbаlI atсh n ТV.5 Pеtеrs 16уеars ld odау.his imеnеxt еar е

(bе b|е o) o drivе сar.6 Jordаn (not е)homеbуsеvеn ,с|oсk.е

(st i||pIay)аskеtbаlItsсhooI.7 Wе'rе оving еxtmonth. у hаt imе hеbui|ders

(finish)urnеwhousе.

8 Тhеdireсtors mаking nеw iIm. е (work)nit or ixmonths.

Futurэeimplо nd futursсontinuouв2 Rewritehе sеntеnсessing hе uturе ontinuous.

1 Laurasgorngo lу oLondon еxt uеsdаy orning.At]1 o,сloсkext uеsdау..

2 Dаvidsgоingo mееt nnat hеаirportonight.Аtsix 'с|осkоnight .

3 Wе,rеoingо watсh hе ord f thеRingst hесinеmаthis vеning.Аtеight .с|oсkhis vеning..

4 l 'mgoingo rаvе| omе у rаin omorrow orning.Tomorrow orning..

5 Brad sgoingo rеvisеorhisexаmhiswееkеnd.0n Satudау ..

3 СompIetehesеntеnсеs ith hе сorrесtorm: uturеsimpIe r futurе ontinuous,f thеverb n braсkеts.,1 Тhis imе оmоrrоw orning е- (do) urеxаm.2 In hе uturе е (сo|onisе)thеr lаnеts.3 | (еmаil)oU omorrow ithhеdеtai|sfour

о|ans.Wе,rееаl|уxсitеdbоut urhоlidау.tеight ,с|oсkntridaу е (trave|)oJamаiсаI hink (go ut) onight,ut havеn'tесidеdWnеrееt .

6 Тhеy (wаtсh)hе i lmаt nine 'с|осkomorrown ght.

Ф



Writing6 Comp|еtehе еxtwith hесorrесtormоf thеverb n

braсkets.

Dеar lnaгR'

TЬa|,Rs foг уovг le++еГ, I|,s gгea| nevws |Ьa| уov

, - (co,ne) |o LonJon nех+ n1on+Ь. Unfoг|vnatеlYl::

I wod+ Ье hеrе wЬеh уov arrivе. Ьеcavse I,

i(Jo) a tгaining Covгsе in BrфЬton, I cah,+ Ьe/ieve I,|/

{actva/tу' -

(finisЙ al/ rnу tгaining Ьу tЬе timе ii

Еli.qу t

Whilё уouсanArе thе latеstmobilе phonеs toosmart for thеir own good? onсе thеvirusеsgеt to work, intеlligеnсесould bе thеir undoing, saysDrrnсan Graham-Rowe.

IT LooKS likе any оthеr mоbilе phonе. Most ofthе timе it оpеratеs еxaсtly likе any оthеrhandsеt. But just onе сall from a partiсularnumbеr and it сan bе switсhеd on without 1zourknоwlеdgе, with no outward sign that it isopеrating. Еvеrything you say will bе сapturеdand sеnt aсIoss thе nеtwork to thееavеsdrоppец yеt you will havе no idеa thatanyonе is listеning n.

As wеll as standard сеll phоnе сirсuitry, atypiсal smart phonе has a proсеssor andmеmory that allow it to run appliСationproglams, whiсh is why it сan bе an МPЗ musiсplayеr, wеb browsеr and еmail tеxt еditоr all inonе. othеr softwarе еnablеs you to takеpiсturеs, p|aУ gamеs, dоwnload and rеadеlесtrоniс books and * yеs _ еVеn makе phonесalls. But a phonе that is sоphistiсatеdenoughto еxесutеplograms is vulnеrablе tо thе sort ofattaсks that un]uсky PDA (Pеrsonal DigitalAssistant)ownеIs havе alrеady еxpеriеnсеd.

Nonе of thе thrее main opеrating systеmsinсоrporatеsantivirus softwarеor a firеwall, andof thе nеtworks only T-Mobilе in thе US is so farоffеring a firеwall for its GPRS mobilе phonеusеIS.

It is оnly a mattеr оf timе bеforе somеonеunlеashеsa malеvolеnt сodе that doеs sеriousdamagе to phоnеs. If you arе luсky еnough toown a smart phоnе, еnjoy it whilе you сan.

NеwSсiепtist пlinеNеws19:00.01 сtobеrЗ.

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wе sее е.aсЬ o].Ьer - we'/| havе lo ееlеЬralе |Ьd|.l

I,I Ье ЬaсR on |Ье l1,|on/aу ahJ уov'rе welсome |o

s|aу a| .ау fla| wЬile I'nl onoY, I " (lеave)

|Ье Rе.уs wt|Ь mу frienJ ln4piе (shе tivе.s ;h +Ьe fl^+

Ьe.|ow),

l.|o-,'s уovг .сlu.se'? Wha|u (уoulJo> whеn

уov finisЬ'? \lЬql arе. уovr plans?

Yov asRе/ aЬov| ,Qех. Wetl, I,ve 9o| sonе 9oo/

nе.ws,l W. " -(9o)

ovt |чe|Ьеr for |Ьrе.e уeaгs*Ьis svnltеr anJ wе,vе JесiJеJ to 9еl engчed, |ЬovgЬ

(n61 aа,rгу) vn+it nеx+ уeaг, Wе,ге going

|o Ьvу^

Ьovse in lndnсЬеs*eг Ьecavsе. .\/ex "

(move) to |Ье officе |Ьеге dl thе Ьeginning of

т^hv^ГY,

TЬa|,s a/| tnу hеws foг tlе nюnе.n|' С^n,+ wî+

to sее |ov'

Lovе, Еlainе

.i} *:lrlEri?it*talrtx:sф.irl::lsi8islltilttrialtlillillii *lil

7 writеа short ettеr o a friеnd. nсIudеnformationbout

yourpIans, hat ouwiIlbеdoing ndwhаt ouwilIhаvеdoneat pointsn thе uturе. emеmbero useinformalanguage.

Reading8 Rеаd hе еxtanddесidе f thestatements-10are ruе

(Т) r fаlse(t)., l П Yоu an dеntifу smаrt honе у ookingt t.

2 П lt 's asiеro аttасk smart honеhаn nordinarуpnonе.

3 П A smаrt honе sеrwiIl nowf somеones istеning

to1hеir onvеrsаtion.4 П A smаrt honе uns pp|iсatio nrograms.

5 П |fyouhavе smart honе oudon't ееd |оt f

otnеr quIpmеnr.6 П A smаrt hоnе il lk iI l irusеs.7 П owners f PDAs аvе аdprob|еmsith irusеs.

8 П Virusеs аvе lrеadYееn еvе|оpеdo attасk mart

pnonеs.9 П Тhrее pеrаtorsavе roteсtеdhеirphonеs gаinst

virus ttасks.10 П Smаrt honеs il lhаvе roblеms ith irusеsn he

futuе.

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Itomonlms1 СompIеtеhepairsof sеntеnсes ithonеof thеsе

homonуmswordshаtsound hе samе'but hаvеdiffеrentmeanings).

o l ight might modе| powеr produсе sidе* spасе tеrm

1 a Аstrotе|sp|аnningо bе hе irst ompanyo opеnhotеIn outеrYоu аnputyourbаgon thе|uggаgeасk. hеrе'sp|еntyfАrеуоugоing wауhiswееkеnd?,-.|

-. |tdеpеndsn hеwеаthеr''Jaпе ushеd ith ll hеr--, but hе t iII

соuldn'tpen hеdoor.Thе tudiosgoingo- a nеw сiеnсеiсt ionfi lm.Тhеprosесutionas b|еo nеw vidеnсеto provеhat асkson аsgui|tу.Тhеbright from hе аrb|indеdеаn. есоuIdn,tеe hе oаd hеad.Тhе uitсаseas urprisinc|y-* . Lizhadn'tpасkеdmuсh orhеrwееk waу.Тhеmаtсh ndеd ith surprisееsuIt.hеBristol

sсorеdhreеimеs gainsthеPrеmiеrshipсhаmpions.Sarah аdа sma|| еаutуpot n onе-.-- оfhеr асе.Тhе- of hе hipwаs nсrеdibIyеtаilеd.twаs xaсt|yikеhе eа|hing.Kаtу adа|wаys antеdo bеа butsnе

was.justoo hort.Тherе as - сut n Lоndonаst ight. vеr5'000 omеs еrе ffесtеd.Thеprеsеntovеrnmеntamе o ovеr woуеars go .Тhе сhоoI еnds hisFriday. e'vе ota

thrеe-wееkoIidаy.Whаt oеshе--. intеr-gа|асt iс, mеаn?

Тhe rightшords2 Сhoosеhe сorreсt ption, , b' or с to сomplеtеhe ext.

аbout bfor соfrоutе bway сdеst inаt ionsomе bits сafаint-hеаrtеdb strong-hеаrtеd wаrm.hеаrtеdbrokеn p b brokеnut с brokеnnadаpting bсhаnging сtrаnsfоrmingсonfirmеd bdeсidеd ссonvinсеdrесоrd

bhistorу сnotehаving bmaking сtаkinggаVе bсаmе сturnеd

.-.; .,- '. . lЬ...*n, ::;4:.,.."Ът ..; ": .. ;.".гor yеаrs

':i*1l..'"iсtionwritеrshаvеspесulа1еd ,

hol ldаVs n spасе.Now sсiеnсе iсtionhаs 'эесomе .a1 тhе lntеrnа1ionа|pасeS1а1ions the,"]::T..:

hol idаy аnd DеnnisТito,а. olII lonаire usinеssmаnromСаliГorniа, аs

ltrsI uest."; spaсе ravеl s not or heo l+ .. ^t'.,^. i 1bееndangеrous

"'iiljl"""o,*",.;i:*Тfl}J,$his mind.He,d tookеd t thе historv f ; .

spaсeехploration nd is stii l that t,islаfe i.

,Тhespaсеprogramme as an ехсellеnt afetv Е il.

, , ; ,,,he.еxplainеdэеforе is l ight. е . isk Ёl l| ts vеry low.,

ls this thеn he bеginлingоf.a.nеч

е-rа f spaсе ;olidays?Еxperts еmainunсеrtаin. WhoеverЁ ::,

saysonе sсiеntist.Мostpeopiеwil| nеverь" uьr" o, Ё ifford t, so it,sunlikеly o ', , tr i.ln faсtМr

Тitopaid,ll s ,шБn р,i to makеthе ;,_l +:l

2a

3a

4a

5a

6a

7a

8a

1a2a

3а4a

5а6a/a

8а

9a'10 a11 a12a

tаkе off b go offtravеI b tour

с mаkе ffс tr ip

Сomp|еtehе sеntеnсеs ith hе сorrесtormof thеvеrbs.

феаrn gаin* wino асhiеvе

1 SаmWeеK

2 rina sa nursе nd hе оеsn,t a huяе mount

of monеy.3 StudеntshоаrеnotVеry саdеmiсanoftеn

grеаt uссеssnthеir hosеnаrееrs.

quitе |ot f mоnеуn hе ottеryаst

4l а |ot f еxpеriеnсеorkingbroad



*i*

*,t

.:*€.

t i:=-=-

#F€.A*'. 4:.g'тji.,.+]9sr.AijiiЕtl.+:iЁ+ijE*:6: i1 .="l

Fahrenheit 51s he emрerаturetWhiсho..o o.o. ' сatсhesireand urns.nRaY

;"rldьй; astonishinglyrophеtiсi:i:l о:^the

;;;;. GuуMontags afireman. is ob s 0

burn ooks, hiсhare orbiddens hеyare

the ourсe falldisсordndunhаppiness'ven

so,MontagSunhappy;theres disсordnhis

;;;;;;. ;" books iddennhishouse?

."ffi..u+

,ButitЪ inеwоrk. ondayurn ilIаy, еdnesdayhrtman,

Fridayaulkner,urnemtоаshеs,hen urnhe shes.hаt,surоff iсiaIIоgan.,

Thеy alkedhe est f theway nаnunсomfortableilеnсе.Whenhеyеaсhedеr ousell ts ightsere lаzing.

' lvhatЪоingn?, оntagаdarelyern 0manyousеights.0h,itЪ ustmymothernd ather ndunсlе ittingro"und,

talking.tЪ ikebeing pedestrian,nly аrerMy unсle аs

arrеstеdnotherimе did telI оu? fоrbeingpedestriаn,h,We,rеl]osrprсuliаr ,,Butwhаt o ouа|kbout?,Shе аughеdt his'GoodnightI,he tartеdphеr aIk.hen

she eеmеdo еmemberomеthingnd аme асkownо ook thim ith ondеrnd uriоsity.Areyou appy?,he аid.'АnI wha{?'e ried.

But hewasgone runningn hemоonlight.er ront oor hutgently.

Your еасtions

ln groups, isсusshеsе uеstions.о Whаt isionsf hе uturе oеs hееxtrасthow?. Whаt oуou hinkN4ontagоund nusuаlbout

С|аissе?о What oуou hinkwi|| аppеno |\4ontаgndС|аrissе

in thе tory?о Whаt idyou hink f hе tоrу?. Why oуou hink his уpе f storуssоpopu|аr?о Whаt сiеnсеiсt ion oоks ndlor i lms avе ou еаd

or sееn? owwаs uspеnsеrеаtеd?

tжfutffiAБ&-.щЁ'ЙffiA byRay radburYlfulвz: he reesverheаdаdеgrratoundf ettingownheirdry аin. he irl tоpреdnd ookеds fshemightulI асknsurprise,utnsteadtoodegardingоntаglth yesodаrkndshiningndа|ivеhаthe felthе hаdsаid 0methin0Uitewondегfu|.ut е new ismouthad nlуmovеdo аy ei|o,'аndthen henhe eеmedypnotisedу he a|аmandernhis rmаndhе hoеnixisс nhis hest,e pokеgаin.,0fсourse,,e aid,y0U,rea new eighbou1rеn,tou?,,Andyou

must е, she аiseder yes rom isрrofessionаIsymbоls,thefiremаn.,еr oiсerailedff 'She urnedo aсehe idеwаlkoingowаrdshеir omes.Do

yоumindfIwаlk асk ith ou?,m IarisseсСIellаn.,.

,Clаrissе.GuyMontag.оmеlong. hat re ou oingut о|аte andеringround?ow Id re ou?,hereаs nlyhe irlwа|kingith im ow,erасe rights nоwn hеmoоnIight,ndheknewhewaswоrkingis uestionsround,еekinghе estanswerShe ouldоssiblyive.,Wеll,,

shе aid.|,m1] and ,m razу' yunсleays he WOalwаyso ogether'hеn еopiеsk our ge, е аid, lwaysay]7andnsane.sn,this niсeime fnightowаlk?Iikeo mellthingsndооk t hings,nd ometimеstаy p l lnight,alkingand аtсhinghe un ise.,They aIkedn gаinn ilenсendinа|lyhe аid,houghtfuIly,You

knоw,,m ot fraidfyou tall.,Hеwаs urprised.Whyshоu|dou е?,,Somаnyeoplere. fraidf iremen,mеan.ut оu,rеust

man,ftеrI l , . . ,Andhen |аrisseсCIe||anаid:Dоyoumindf ask? owоng

hаvеouworkеdtbeingfiremаn?,,SinсeIwas wеnty,en earsg0.,,Doyou vеreadny f he ooksou urn?,Hе аughed.ThatЪagаinstheаw|,'0h. fcourse.'

@



Grammar1 Сomp|etеhesеntenсеs ith he сorreсt assivеorm

(gеrund r nfinitivе)f thе verbs n brасkets.1 l I ikе (tаkе)ut о dinnеr n mybirthday.2 | don'tmind (drivе)у omеonеIsе.3 Wееxpесt (sеnd)сopy f thisаgrееmеnt.4 N/y rаndmothеrееds (hеlp)nto hе ar

nowаdays.5 Thе hiIdrеnеrе ookingorwаrdo (takе)o

thе hеmе ark.

2 Rewritehe sеntenсessing hе words ivеn.

1 Anеnginееrnsta||еdUr ntеrnetonnесtionhismorning.Wе ..

2 Somеоnеtolе oе,s аIlеt hi lе hеwas n hеbus.Zoe...

3 Тhе hop sdе|ivеr ingob's ikе еXtWееk.Rob ..

4 Thеhairdrеssеri l| ut \4ariа,sair nSаturdaу.Marlа ..

3 СompIetеhеsеntenсes ith he сorrесtuture orm wil/or going o)of thеverbs n braсkеts.1 Wе (go)o hе inеmaonight. оyouWаnto

сomе?2 | (bе) sixtееnеxt irthdау3 Тhosе |oudsook hrеаtеning.\4aybеt (rain).4 I hаvе o dеawhat ogеtmymothеrorhеrbirthday.

knowl (buу) еr omе lowеrs5 If havе nough onеу, (buy)hаt еwСDl6 | (havе)niсе, uiеt vеningt homе onight.

4 (ompIetеhesеntenсеs ith hе сorrесtorm: uturesimpIe r future ontinuous,f thе vеrb n brасkеt s.] Тomwon't еat homе his ftеrnoon'е- (plаy)

bаskеtbа.2 P|еasеon,t honеmеаtsix 'с|oсk, (havе)

dinnеr ithmy аmilу.3 Sсientistshinkwе (|ivе)ongern hе uturе.4 l 'mnot urеwhаt ,m oingаtеr, еrhаps- (co)

to hе inеmа.5 Sаrah as ust pokеno Pau|,hе (notmееt)

him omorrowvеning.6 Wе (nоt е) t sсhooIomorrow есаusеt's

holid y.

5 Сhoosehе bеst uturе orm o сomp|еtеhe sеntеnсes.

By his imе nеxt еаr, rеgоry ill hаvе аilеd/willаi lаroundhеwor|d.Whеnhе rеaсhes ustrаlia,e will bе visiting/willаvеv sitеd ighI.ou triеs.ln thrее еаrs imе |'|| е 'inishеd/,lIе inishingmуunivеrsitуеgrее..Whatаrе oudoinghis vеning?,.Idon,t now. еrhаps|,llwаtсh/'moingtowаtсh V.',WhaIwilI oubеdoing/willoudo n tеnyеars'imе?,.|Vaуbе|'llbеworking/,moing ohаvеworkеdn anothеrсoU try.'.I 'm|аtеor сhool nd саn't indmусоursеbook.'.|,ll/,mgоingohе|p ou ook or t. ,

.Hаvеyougot nуp|аnsor he ummеr?',Yes,l,mgoingto o/,llgoo thеstatеs.'m |rеаdуavingup or hе rip.,.Whattimеwil|уou еt omе onight?,,|,llbe/,ll оvе ееn асk y еnо'с|oсk.'



VoсabuIaryWords hat go togethоr6 Сhoosеhе сorrесt orda, b, or с' to сompIetеhе

sentеnсеs.1 Aсtiоni|ms ftеn еquirеhеаudiеnсеo thеir

d sbе|ief.

a suspеnd b dе|аy с forgеt2 Thеp|aу onvеуеd- mеssagеboutamiIy

сo fl сts.a powеrfu| b thoughtfu|

3 Тhеhorrori|mmadеNаdia сrеаmn

с nar0

b tеrror с d eаd

4 Тhе r it iс,sеviеw thееnding f hеp|ау

a gаVeUp b gаvеout с gаVе Wау

5 Thе ilmwas obad hat еop|ееft a|fwaуhrough.trеaIlу asn't sееing.a аdvisеd b rесommеndеd worth

6 Тhеdirесtor аnаgеdo anаtmosphеrеfdаngernd uspеnsе.a dirесt b сrеаtе с invеnt

7 rhеp|ау аs from nоvе| уHеnryamеs.a аrranged b adaptеd с prеpаrеd

B Тhе аmous irесtor a mult i-milIiono||аrbIoсkbustеri|m.a сonstruсtеd b mаdе с did

7 Сomplеtеhesе еntеnсesith heсorrесt ormof thеsееxprеssions.

* сan,t аvеt bothways hаvе сhаngе t hеаrt* havе goodmind o * hаvеt outwith* hаvе oсonnесtionith

1 A|thoughavе antеdo сl imb Vоuntvеrеst,еwhеn аrаh aid hе ou|dn,t аnаяеhе

businеssithout im.Thеhotelurnеd ut о bеа bigdisаppointmеnt.ionaandStеvе to boоk room omewhеrеlsе.Wеdon't аvе nough onеyo buу саrаndgoonho|idаууoU .

4 Dеspitеavinghе amе amе,hе еstaurаnt

thе hotе|.5 С|arе hеr boss boutwhу shеhadn'tbееn

promole0.

8 Write hе аdjeсtivе orm of thеsеwords.

1 disappoint2 еffесt3 еxpеnsе4 powеr5 spесtaсlе6 tеrrify

9 Findwords onnесtеd ithspeed nd movеmеnt hiсhmеan hе samе s he eхp|anаtionsn 1_7.Тhe irst еttеrof еaсhword sgivеn.1 takеoff : I- t- c-2 inсrеasеhеpaсе f:g s-3 mоvеn hеdirесtionf:h- f4 bеаt uiсk|уnd еpеаtеdlyith our ist: -.

5 movе uiсk|y,aking |oud, ееp oisе:6 turn оund uiсk|у:-7 movе оanddown:

Тhe right \^|ords10 Сhoosеhе сorreсt orda' b,с, or d to сomplеtе artof a

pеrsonaItatеmеnt.

I havе |wауseеn - inpursuing,- in

еduсation.еnjoу- with hiIdrеn,ndhаvе n

mаny spеntmy rее imе - еxtramonеуbyассоmpаnyinghiIdrеnnсamping olidaуs.

Myhobbiеsrеhоrsе-ridingnd еading- togoingo thе inеmа nd hеatrе.hаvе |so ееn nоrganisеd- to South mеri са.

s..з)eA

l аmu- |еarningo dr ivе

n- са|mwhеnnесеssаry.

forwоrking ith oung eop|е.

I am сrеativеutсаnI ееl hаvе n o

1234561

I9

10

a rеgardеd b notiсеd с intеrеsted d сonсеrnеdа саrееr b job с work d posta doing b working с part iсipаt lngmаkinga instаnсеs oссasionsс opportunit iеst imеsa еаrning b winning с passing d takinga in addition аswе|l с аftеr l| d tooa еxсursion еxpеriеnсе еxpIorat ion еxpedit iona alrеаdy b aсtuа||у с сurrеnt|y d rеа|Iya ho|d b havе с kееp d finda аptitudе b аppеаranсеаpp|iсаt ion approvа|

@



VisllаI Got,Gepts

1 Answеr hеsе uestions.1 Whiсh f hеsе aint ingsoyou ikе еst ndwhy?2 Who oуou hink аintеdhеm?3 Whiсh аint ings:

a lmprеssionistn stу|е

b СubistnstуIе?4 WouIdou есognisеthеr orks y hе аmе rtistsf

уou аw hеm?

ReadingSkim еad he extand indoutwhatexpеrimеnts еreсarriеd ut andwhat he rеsults howеd.

тiсk (/) fourstatеments hiсh еfleсt heсontеnt f thetext.

1 П |t sgеnеraIIyhoughthаt igеonsrе tupid.2 П Birds rеVеry isсеrningbout hаt hеу at.3 П Sсiеntistsаn ssеssigеons,ntе||igеnсеу еwardi

thеmwith ood.4 П Pigеonsppеаro bеаb|еo rесognisеiffеrеnt

аrtistiсty|es.5 П Pigеonsаn еII nе mprеssionis trt istrom nothеr6 П Тhе еstWith tudеntsrovеdhаt igеonsou|d е

trainеdodoanything.П Тhе tudеntsrobab|yai|еdhе еsts есаusеhеy

apprоасhеdhеm nа diffеrеntay.

П Pigеonsppаrеnt|ynjoy ppеaringnTV.

VoсahularyUndоrьtanding4 Findwords r phrasesn the eхtwhiсhmеаn:

,l unintеlIigеntpаragrаph)2 tаkе raссеpt sbеingruе pаragrаph)3 еаsiIyеrsuadеdrdесеivеdparаgraph)4 do bеttеrhan pаrаgrаph)5 а gеnеraIrаbstraсtdеа pаrаgrаph)

6 unab|еo mаkе dесisionpаrаgraph)7 diff iсu|tpаrаgrаph)8 сompеtitorspаrаgrаph)9 shownpаragrаph)

10 vеry urprisingpаragrаph)

+}зg





Тhird сondit ional

Qlлiсkqшiz

Т мatсh hеbеginningsl_3to thееndings _с oсomp|еtеhe uIеs.1 Wеusе hе irst оndit iоnа|o а|k bout ..2 Wеusе hе есondondit ionаIo aIk bout ..3 Whеn xprеssingishеs iIh lwеwish+ Somеonе

would ..

a somеthinghiсh sunlikeIyo happеn.b wесаnnot sе hеobjесt ronounsor wе.с somеthinghiсhmay аppеnn he uturе.

2 Rеаd he еxtand сomp|еtehе ab|е.

Whаtwаsdisсoverеd?

Whomadе hеdisсоvеry?

Whеn idhe ivе?

Dаtе f disсovеry?

Whаt аppеnеdn ]945u

AссlDENТsoFsс ЕNсESir Alexander leming r88t-r955)hada сo[[еаguе ho unti lquitereсentlyworkеdat St.MaryЪHospital, ondon. ссordingothisсol league,hedisсovery f

peniсi[[inou[d еver avehappenedf one day n t9z8a pieсеof moutd adnot toatеdnthrough n opеnwindow possibtyrom hе pubopposite) ndlanded n a plateof glassFleming as using nanexperiment.Thеlatewas сoverеdwitha powerful aсtеriumсalIedstophyloсoссus.

A lessobservant сiеntistmighthave hrown t straightnthе bin,but Fteming otiсеd herewereno baсteria еar hegreenmou[d.n tests, e disсoveredhat hemouldalsokittedotherbaсteria, et t сoutdbе given o anima[swithno obvioussideeffeсts. he disсovery, hiсhbeсame nownas peniсittin,was he irst ntibiotiс,ndwasab[е o сombat hugеnumber

of fatа[ aсteriaI iseases. inalty,n t945,Fleming nd woothеr сientists hareda Nobеtprize or thedisсovervhatWasto sаVemitlions f l ives.

Сomplеtеhе sеntеnсe ith hе сorrесtormof thеvеrbin braсkets.hеnanswer uestions and2.

lf а piесе fmould (not loаt)hroughhеwindow,Flеming (not isсovеr)еniсi lI in.

1 Dida piесе f mоu|dlоat hroughhеwindow?2 DidFIеmingisсovеrеniсi lI insa СonSеqUеnсеf his?

Look t thееxamp|еs_dаndсomp|еtеhе uIеs boutthе hird ondit ionаI.a flerning tяds bзervdnt. 4вdi,dn't hrow ko plвfr in

tha bin.b lf Floming hаdn,tboen obsorvаnt,hg wоuldhаve.

tkrawn hop|аton thв bin,

с Flarпingnatiсedw&ofwяs hаppening n thr p вte.no Kapr t.d Ftraming омIdnоt tlвveK*уlt ha plаte f he hаdn,t

notiсadwfisf wgs hаpponing n it"RuIеs,| Wеusе hе hird ondi tionа|o а|k bout hе hеorеtiс а|

СonsеqUеnсеsf situationsn hеpаst.2 То orm hе hird ondit ionaIеUsе f+-, wou|d

/ wouIdп,Lаvе3 Wе аnput hе с|ausееforе rаftеrhеmаin |аusе.

Whеn hе сIausеomеs, WеUsе Сommа.

Сomp|еtеhе sеntеnсеs ith hе сorrесtormof thеvеrbin braсkеts.1 JаnеWеnto HеIеn,sаrtу.hеmеthеrboуfriеnd.

If аnе (not o) о Hе|еn,sarty,hе (notmееt) erboyfriеnd.

2 Petе idn't ork аrd. е аilеd is ХаmS.lf Pеtе (work)аrdеr,е (notail) isеXams.Ididn't o obеd аrly.gotup atе hismorning.|f | (go)o bеdеаrliеr, (not еtup) oIatеhismorning.i\4arkntеrеdhе ompеtit ion.ewon$100.

|\4аrk (nоt in) 100f hе (not ntеr)hесom еtit ion.Sа||у еnt kii ng аst ееkеnd.hе rokе еr еg.Sа|iу (nоt rеak)еr еg f shе (not o)skilngast ееkеnd.I didn't uу nеw aсkеt.didn't avе nough onеy .|f (hаvе)nough onеу,- (buу) nеwjасkеt.

@



Wishes nd rеgrets6 whatdid thеу аy?Mаtсh iсtures _4 o sеntenсеs_d.

Тhеn ompletеhе rulеs boutwishеs ndregrets.

a |fon|у hаdbееnmorе оnfidеnt.wish hаd аid.yеs'b |fon|y hаdn,tеft o|atеl wish hе raff iс adn't ееn

sо bаd.с Iwish hadn'tаi|еd fon|v hаdprасtisеdorе.d Iwish hadn'tаkеn his ob. fon|y Vаrkаdn't

сonvinсеd е o movе o thisoffiсеRules.l Тo makеwishеs bout hеpastWеusеwшh+

(not) pаst artiсiplе.2 Тo a|k bоut еgrеtsbout hеpastWеusе f onlу+ hаd

(not)+

Writе еntеnсеsxpressingishеs ndrеgrеts bout hеpastusing hе deas l-6.

1 Youhavе еvеr on nythingnуour ifе.2 Timdidn,t tudу аrd noughor hе еst n |Vondаy.З YouWеrеn'tbIе ogo o hеpaпу аst rida у ight.4 Тhe еaсhеr avе oU |ot f homеworkastwееkеnd.5 Youhavе еvеr ad hеopportunitуo rаvеIbroаd.6 Youhad n аrgumеntith our еst riеnd bout

somеthingеa||уiIIy.EхаmpIеl wiвh hаd won вomathing.lf onlу l hаd boen ucKier.

Lеt'saсtivateцlhat f ...?8 work n smаI| roups.maginе ha t hеworId ould

hаve ееn ikе f thesе hings adn't appеned.se hеthird ondit ionаI.1 thеdisсоvеryf irе

2 thеdеvе|opmеntf |аnguаgеЗ thе nvеntionf boats nd rаins4 thеdеvе|opmеntf atomiс nеrgy5 thеbuiIdingf owns nd it iеs6 thе nvеntionf hеmiсroсhip

EхampIe

lf fira hаdn,t aandisсovored'aoplowouldn,t аva

beenаbte o сooK heir meаt..ft P.

f rhaуhаdn,tboonаble to сooK

,;:H:n;nil",t'fi,lfo"'nf"""n ;n.o'tr*";::iL;r:':;{:I,уuIdiI, в

In pairs,akе urns o еxpress ishеs ndregrеts boutthе oIlowingituations.1 Yоur riеndsnvitеdoU ogo o hеbеасh,ut ou

didn't o. ou,rеorеdl2 YouWеnto а partу nFridау ight, ut ouhad

tеrr ibIеimе.3 Youmissеdhеbushоmе ftеrhеpartу.ou rrivеd

|аtе ndyour аrеnts еrе n8rу.4 Your arеntsесidеdou ou|dn'toout hiswееk. our

boуfr iеnd/girIfr iеndаs skеd ou ogo o hе inеmаbutуouсаn't 0.

5 You еft сhoо|andot ob. ourob s еа||уoring.6 А|| our riеnds еntounivеrsity.hеy ееmo hаvе

intеrеstingivеs.7 Youdidn't аvе nуmonеу,ou pеnttaIl.Now ou

саn't oonholiday.8 You plit pwith our oyfr iеnd/girIfr iеnd.

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iGood for tlтe brаitт?, l Look uiсkIyt thеmapof СеntraIondon nd rу o

memorisеt. CIosе ourbooks, hеnseе f youсananswеrthеquestionshе еaсhеr sks ou.

Listening2 oсln:' Listеn o pаrtof a radioprogrammеbout

London axidrivеrs .сabbiеs'),nd сompletеhe notеs.] Nаmе f еst аkеn:2 What еsеarсhhows:rivеrs3 Diffеrеnсеnbrаin аpaсitу:4 Typе f mеmorуnсrеasеd:5 What abbiеsrе аmоusor:

3 Listеn gаin ndanswеrhеquеstions.1 Whаt o Londоnаxi rivеrsoаspаrt f hеir rаining?

2 Тhе pеakеralIshе axi r ivеrs .rаrebrееd'. hy?З Who id hе еsеarсhеrsompаrеhе аxi ri vеrso?4 Whаt o hе аbbiеsаvео do opаsshеknow|еdgе

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1 П Rеsеarсhеrs|rеаdvnеw bout hepowеr f аnаnimа|,sippoсаmpus.

2 П Тhеhumаn ippoсаmpussdiffеrеntrom nаnima|'s3 П A dаmagеdippoсampusаkеsifе iff iсu|tor

сrеatUes.4 П Тaxi r ivеrs hoknеwmorе |aсеsad |аrgеr

hippoсampus'Тахi rivеrsrеdiff iсuItеoplеo studу.This tudy оuId аvе ееn оnе n аnу itуln hеwor|d.

П Тhе еsеarсhеrssеd wo omp|еtе|yiffеrеntmethodsf еstingabbiеs.

П Ехpеriеnсеdахi r ivеrs еrеmorеwilIing

to spеndimеbеingestеd.

Pronu сiationiilant lattогa5 ro6Jэ'зSomе f thеwords n ]_7 сontain еttеrs hiсh rе

notpronounсedsi|еntеtters).irсIеhе |еttеrs hiсh outhink rе iIеnt.hen istеn ndсhесk our nswеrs.

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2 whеn3 housе4 ignorе5 rас|аl

6 сonsсious7 built

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Whiсh oyou onsidеro bеmorе mportant:duсаtionrupbringing?

7 tn thesаmеgroups' есidеwhat nformationor yourpresentаtionoumight utundеr hеse еadings.. Intrоduсingour rеsеnlаt ion. Argumеntsororаgаinsthе o|е f еduсаtion'

. Argumеntsorоr аgаinsthе o|е f upbringing'

. Сonс|usions

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s О6Jэ.lRеad hе сonvеrsаtionn thе boxandmatсh hеphrasеsn italiсs o thе unсtions -е:а support lngnаrgumеntb сonсludingnаrgumеntс introduсingсontrаdiсtorуrgumеntd inIroduсinglopiсе suppоrt ingour piniоn

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morе mоortаnthаn urеduсat ion.B Тhiswouldаppeаr o be truе rom mу own rеsеarсh.

on the thеr аnd,ldon't hinkwе hou|dundеrеstimаtеhе mоortanсеfеduсation.l pеrsonollуeеl hаtourstatusn Iifе s oftеn dirесtrеsu|tf ourеduсаtionaIaсkground.

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out|inе lаn n 7' Usе hepresentationheсkIisto hе|pyou.Prеsеntаtionhесk|stо Stiсko hеоrganisаtionfyoUr rеsеntation.hiswi||

hе|p ou o prеsеntour dеаs |еar lу.о Prеsеnt orе hаn nеpoint f viеw. hiswiII how hаt

your nformаtions notonе-sidеd.о Usе асts rstаt ist iсs.hiswiII how our dеas rеbаsеd

on evidеnсe,ot mаginat ion.. spеаk |еаrlуndwatсh our rammar,nсorrесt

grammаran ntеrfеrе ith hе ommuniсationfуourmеssаgе.

Aneшоringuоetionsbout our Prasоntation, CI lmagine ouarе bеing skеd hе o||owinguеstions

about ourpresеntation,owwould ouanswеr hеm?. Why idyou hоosеhis оpiс?

o How аvе ou ormеd оur pinions?. Whiсh ivеs ettеrеsu|tshаrdwork r nаturaIbiIitу?. ls t possib|еo ovеrсomе|асk f nаtura|bil ity y

hаrdwork?. Whаt hou|d е еwаrdеd orе асhiеvеmеntr hаrd

work?

@





Howеvец thеrе was a twist to all this: whеn askеd abоutthеir ambitions, 4Зo/o aid thеy would likе to bеastlonauts, 2Зo/o ootballeтs, Some 650lowantеd to sееsomе form of spaсе sсiеnсе introduсеd into thесlassroom.

Тhе studеntswho wеrе quеstionеd n thе survеyproduсеd

a widе rangе of сommеnts, somе rathеrnеgativе n thеir tonе. Еxamplеs nсludе: ,Thееxpеrimеntsarеgood but thе rеst s dеad boring'; .I

don,t mind еxpеrimеntsbut I hatе rесording rеsults.,Нowеvе1 onе сommеnt Wasmuсh morе еnсouraging: I

Want o bе an astronaut,So I nееd to gеtall thеknowlеdgе сan bесаusе stlonautsmust havе ots ofqualifiсations.,

4Rеsеarсhеrs t thе SpaсеСеntrеWеrеnot in thе lеastsurprisеdby thе flndings.Thеy сonfirmеdwhat had bееnsuspесtеd or a long timе _ that astronomy, paсе,andthе origin of thе univеrsе arе thе most importantsubjeсtswhеn it сomеs to attraсtingyoung pеoplе ntosсiеnсеand maintaining thеir intеrеSt.(

It sееms hat a passion or sсiеnсесan bе maintainеd byеnthusiastiс еaсhеrswho highlight thе rеlеvanсеof thеsubjесt n a modеrn world and who сan overсomе hе

that sсiеnсе s rеprеsеntеd y whitе-сoatеdaсadеmiсs, s t tеndеd to bе in thе past.

Guаrdiаn Eduсаtioп

Using hе passivе? Sсаn hе extаnd undеr|inеixexamplеs f thеpassive.

Whаt ensеs rе hеpаssivееrbs n?Why sthepassivеsuitаblеorа rеport f thiskind?

& Rеwritеhеsе еntеnсеsn thepаssive. sе hеbеginningsiven.

1 Pеop|еаrriеdUt sUrVеу.A survеy.Еnthusiastiсеасhеrsadgrеаt|у ot ivatеdtudеnts.Studеnts. .ТhеywiII ubIishhе indingsf hе urvеу еxt ееkThе indings..Wе аn nсouragеtudеntso аkеmorе ntеrеstnsсiеnt if iсubjесts.tudеnts..PеopIеftеn ау сiеnс еs boring.сiеnсе..Pеop|еftеn houghtсienсеаs iff iсuIt.сiеnсе..

Writingabout data

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Undsrstandirrghe asKYouаrеgoing o сarrу ut а сIаss urveуo findout whаtkindof obsstudеnts оuId ike o dowhen hеy eavеsсhooI,hеnwrite bout our indings.

ln groups, rainstormhat nformаtionouwi|I ееd,

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Rесord our indings y asking tudеntso rаisе hеirhands hеn hе urvey uеstionsrеаskеd,hеnса|сuIatеhе pеrсеntagesf studentsor еaсhquеstion.

Ask ndividuaItudentsorsomе ersonaIomments.Makе notе f thеm.

PlanningЗЗ In hesamе roups' lan our еport.

, l Dесidе owmany аragrаphsour еport i lI аvе2 Dесidе hat o nсludеn еасh аragrаph.3 Dесidе hiсh tudеntommеntso nсludеnуour

rеport. ry o сhoosе t еаstwodiffеrеntinds fсommеnts.

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from our indings.,Е€ writеуour ntеrprеtation200_250ords).

о Prеsеntоur tаt ist iсs|еаrlуnd ogiса||у. Show еgаtivеndposit ivеttitudеs.. Suggеstedn ovеra||onс|usion.

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€Б Сhесk hatyouhavе:. inс|udеdomе еrsonalommеnts.о mеntionеdour еасt ion(s)o hе indings.

o givе есt ionsеаdings.. writtеnhе right mount 200-250 ords).

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Third сonditional1 (ompIеtеhеsentenсеsith heсorrесt ormof thе vеrb

in brасkets.1 lf wе (know)оuwеrеn tоwn аstwееkеnd,е

(invitе)ou o dinnеr.|f - (pаss) ydrivingеst аst ееk,(buy) sесond-hаndаr.Whаt (уоu/do)f Bi||- (аsk)ou o mаrryhimуеstеrdау?|f heсar (not rеak own), е- (nоt е|atе)orourаppointmеntast ridаy.l - (givе)ouSаm's honе umbеrf you-(ask) е butуoudidn't.

2 Rewritе еntenсеs_6using hе hirdсonditionа].1 Mаriа idn't oon hoIidаyесаusеhе idn't avе

еnoughmonеy.|fMаria ..

2 Wеdidn't eе hесonсert eсаusе еdidn,t ook iсkеtsinadvаnсе.|fwе ..

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4 |was b|е o wаtсh hе iImbесаusеfoundmygIаssеs.rf ..

5 Mаtt idn,t uy hе аrbeсаusеtwas oоеxpеnsivе.l\4att..6 Тhеy ad nассidеntесаusеhеywеrеn'tr iving

сa еfu v.rf ..

3 CompIеtееntеnсеs_7using he prompts nd hе modaIverb n braсkets.1 |fyouhаd oIdMаtt bout our rob|еm,heoffer

hеlp.might)2 Тheу сatсh thе rаi n f thеуhаdgоtup еаr|iеr.might)3 |fуouhаd nvitеdеsso thеparty,hе сomе. wou|d)

4 lf youwаntedo pass our xam, ou rеvisеmorе'(should)

5 lf hеy idn't ant omiss hе hoщ hey arrivе аrl iеr.(oughtо)

6 Тhе th|еtewin lthe асеf hehadn'tniurеd imsеIf.(сoud)

7 С|arebe a good io|in |аyerf shеhаdn,t ivеnt up.(сoud)

ltlishеsаnd rеgrеts4 Rewritе еntеnсes _8using utish r f onlу.

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2 lt 's nfortunatеhаtBеndidn,t еt hе оb.

3

4

5

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wееkеnd.Wеwish ..

7 N,{аrtinissеdhеbusаndwаs аtе оrsсhooIMаrt in ishеs...

8 Jеnnyorgoto oсk hеdoorof hеr lаt.Ifonlу ..





123456

B

thоughtfu

of уоu o buyHеathеr birthday

to writе good dvеnturе

4 Answerhеse uеstions.

1 Whеn аs hе astimе ouhаd o оkе ссk omеthing

yоu аid?2 Doуou ike оking n eхIra еsponsibilitiеst sсhoo|?З Doуou indEnglishrаmmаrаsуo tаkеn?4 Whodo уou аkе ftеrmost nуour ami|у?

?rоpositiona5 Comp|еtеhеsе еntеnсеs ith hе сorrесt reposition.

* аt * for* from* 6f * {6 * 1yi{fi

1 lf thepigеоnshosеhе orrесtnsWеr,heywеrеrеwardеd- food.

2 Thе mount timе hееxpеrimеntоokwаsIongеrhan хpесtеd.

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thеprob|еmDominiс,Br iеns аmousmеmory.

hisphenomеnа|

2

34

b оpportunity fortunе

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adjесtive

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to nformсonсеntratеdсonfusing

(ompIеtеhеsе entenсеs ith hе соrrесtormof а

suitab|e ord rom hе abIe n 1.1 Тheеxpеrimеntееmеdo show hatpigеons еrеmorе

thаn rt tudеntshеn t саmе o art2 Сan ou urn hе adi o ff? 'm i ndingtdiff iсUIt

Havе ou ver riеd a 2O-digitumbеr?|\4аrksVеry- аbout omputеrs'еhe|pеd еfixmу PС.Itwasprеsеnt.Younееd |ot {

story.7 Your irесt ionsоr indinghеhotеI erе еr,I got ost.

8 Тhеbookon how o improvе ourmеmoryWаs еrуThеrеwаs |ot f oraсtiсаIdviсе

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.l Suе ound t еasу o tаkе n whаt hе еасhеr аs аyingShewаs еry ood t mаths.

2 Rасhelookto im mmеdiаtеIv.hеv ad hе аmеhobbiеsnd ntеrеsts.

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4 Whеn е missеdhе ootbа|| аtсh,МaIttookt outon

abсdеT

hisgir lfr iеnd.twashеr аu|thеy rrivеdаtе.Lukеwаskееn о tаkе n morеwork ndеаrnhi spromotion.Lisа s rеa||yoodаt sсiеnсеs.hе аkes t'tеr er ather

аdmit ouarеWrong|ook rbеhavеikе mеmbеr fyour аmi|ytakе еsponsibiIityor omеthing

bеhavе аd|yowаrdsomеonеесаusеoU rеupsеtI kе оmеthig/somеonеundеrstandomеthing

Words hat go togоthоr

6 сhoosе he сorrесt ordor phrasеo сompletehеsеntenсеs..l

Joе ссеptеdhе oboffer. twаs go|denhim.a сnаnсе

a fortunе аsn'tmportаnto hе сiеntist.hеwаntеd as есоgnitionorhiswork.a Doing b Сrеаting с N4аking

З Тhе ompany а sUrVеуn hеpopu|аrityfsсiеnсеu jесts.a саrr iеdn b сarriеd ff

4 ls hеrе сonnесtion aintеl gеnсе?а bеtwееn b aсross

5 AIеxandеr|еmingisсovеrеdеniсiIl inaсс|0еnТa0у b for с wtth

Whеn hеwas n F|orida,ionа thеopportunitуto visit hеKеnnеdypaсе еntrе.

@



VsteTfodernRеad hе еxtanddесidе f thеsе tаtemеntsrе rue Т) r fаlsе F). orrесthefaIsе tatеments.1 П Таtе Vodеrnаs ееn ui|t ехt o а powеr tаtion.2 П You аn ееmany iffеrеntinds f artist iсtуlestТаte /odеrn.

3 П Тhе rсhiteсtsf hеnеw а||еrу еrе otBrit ish.4 П Тhеmаin ntranсео hеgа||еrуaсеshе ivеr hаmеs.5 П Visitorsntеrhеgal|еr iеsуwaIkingpа fl ight f stаirs.6 П Thеbuildingas Iаssidеs vеr|оokinghеThаmеs.7 П AtTаtе 4odеrnou anhаvе mеal nda wondеrfuliеw t hе amе imе.

8 П Еvеnfуouwork u||-timе,ouwi|| еab|еovisit hеgа|lеry

9 П ThеbuiIdingsdеsignеdith hеdisаb|еdn mind.10 П Thеrеsanеntrаnсеее oradu|ts.

Disabtedaсilities. Whеelсhairссess. Hearingmpairеd. Visualtуmрairеd.

Guidе ogsWetсomе. Disabledoitеts

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;;;;;il;;i;iii;., ;;i; ; gаlleryalkorsimply rowsen he hop.

Fасitities. Groups ссеpted. ЕduсationaIisits

rE9tffiiфA .

Talking boutyourсountry

,:.Answer he ollowing uestions

about ourсountry.1 Whаt ind fаrtgа||еr iеsеxistwherе ou ivе?

2 HоwpopuIаrrе hеу?3 What thеr inds f

mUsеUmsrе hеrе?4 |s herе nеntry hargе?

(Howmuсhs t?)5 How mportаntoуou hink

it s o ntroduсеoun8pеoplеo аrtаnd uIturе?

@



1 Look t thеpiсturеsnd аnswеrhеquеstions.1 Тhе wopеoplеn hеsе hоtographsrеRоmеo nd

Juliеt. hat appеnso hе wo hаrасtеrsnShаkеspеarе'sIay?

2 Whу оyou hink his ind f stоrуntеrеstsеop|е?3 Whаt асrifiсе sоuId oumаkе obеwith hеonе ou

Iovеd?

Love'ot,qJrersаrrLОvЕ. II\I Allоt сlirl,эЙt€

l It had еvсrything a film studio сoulс] drеam ol not only асlеan-сut hеrо аnd an ехсrtiсhеroinе, Ьut also lovе aсrоss thеdividе

- in short, thе story of a mоdеrn Romеo and }uliеt. Неwirs а 25-yеar-old Amсriсаn m:irinе, а Liеutсnаnt Сorpoгаlсallеd jаson Jоhnson' Shе was а 19.yсаr-old AraЬ prinсеssсаllсd Mеrian. Whеn thсir еyеs mеt iп a сгowdеd shoppingmall in Bаhrain, it was lovе аt first sight. Whеn hеr Гаmiiydisсоvеrеd thс сourtsЬip, Mеrian wаs сonfinеd to hеr homеЬut thе romаnсе сontinuеd Ьy tеlеphonе. Finаlly, thе сouplеdссidеd tо flее аnd mаkе thеir livеs togеthеr in thе USA. Itmаy sound likе a sсript Гora film Ьut this оnе is * morе oг lеss_ a truе story.

2 fason knеw that US marinеs did not hаvе to sholv а PassРогtto lсavе Bаhrain sо hе forgеd doсumеnts Гor N{сrian so thаtshе would aРpеаr to Ье а mеmЬеr of thе marinе сorDs.Меrian wаs kittеt] out in sloppy, Ь"ggy Amеriсаn .lothе,.Shе hiLl hеr long hriг undеr а Nеw Yurk Yаnkееs ЬаsеЬаlIсap аnrl togеthег hсy Ьоаrdеda Hight to Chiсago.

3 Aftеr Ьеiпg rеlсasеd Ьy thе immigration ,.*i.- whilе adесision wаs madе аs to whеthеr ,й. *ould Ьс аllo*еd tost: ly n thе USA. thе pr inсеssmагriеd thс meriпе. аson.гhеsоn of а сеmеnt truсk <lrivег' аd to mаkе saсrifiсеs о ь.

"ьt.o marrу Mеrian. Не was dеmоtеd tо tЬе гank oГPrivаtе fоrЬringing аn illеgаl immigrant into thе сountry Ьut is stillsегvingat his unit.sЬasе n СnIiЪгniа. whсrе thе сouplеnow

l ivе.Тесhniсаl lу.Меriаn соuld sr i l lЬе dеportеd. vеn thoughshе is marriсd to a US сitizen.

4 A kеy figurе in thе lovеrs. sroгy s Tom СolЬеrt, thе prеsidеntоГl сompаny rhаrpгomotеs toгiеs hat i .,t ,pp.,..d in IoсaInеWsPаpеrs Ьy pIeсing thеm on ТV аnd in nагiс lnаlnеWspaPегsnd mаgazinеs.СolЬеrt aгrangеd oг а сontасt.Мary Alое, to sign up thе film rights to thеir stоry.

5 .Ifеl l in lovе with thеm,'sаid Aloе. .Thсy

arс an awеsomесоuрlе. Thеir story hаs еvеrything. It,s а thrillеr аnd thеге соuld Ье thrее diffеrепt еndings. Thеy сould lir,е hаppilyеvеr aГtеrаnd {ind out thаt hеr family sесrеtly ,uppo...j ь..'Or sЬс сould Ье sеnt Ьaсk аnd h. h", io l.. ь., go. Ь' .ь.,'.""indеpеnсlеnt Woman who rеaiisеs that, although shе lovеsJason, nоw that shе's n Amеriсa shе wаnts to йou" on. Nomаttеr what thе сnding is. t.s ti l l : l grеatmoviе '

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Reportеd peeсh

QзliсI<quiz

1 Answerhesе uеstions.

1 Howmanyypеs f rеportеdpеесhrе hеrе?2 Whаt hangеsoyounееd o makеwhеn urning

dirесt pеесhnto еportеdpеесh?

2 Тhispiсture hows hе rе-еnaсtmеntf a famoushistoriсaIatt|е. hydo you hinkpеopIе njoy аkingpart n еvents ikе his?

Roportingtatоmоnte I3 John s a rе.enaсtor.еad hе nеwspapеrutting nd hen

Irеport isstatementsI_6.Usе hе vеrbs n braсkеtsnd Imаkeanуneсеssaryhangеs. l, ,

&lRе-enaсtmеnts of famous battlеs from thе

t. ]Ameriсan Сivil Waт arе frеquеnt. onе rе-

;enaсtment of thе battle of Mulе Shoе bеtwееn 1

thе South and thе North in 1864 took plaсе;

ovеr thrее days and attlaсted 7,000rе-еnaсtorsi

and 20,000 Spесtators.

*Р'*** *q***аg*,#***-я

Ехаmple.Yеs,thе bаtt|еoday oеs ook iеrсе.,admit)dahn аdmittodthаt tho bаttlo thаt daу looKed ierсe.1 .ThеbattIеtаrtеdhismorning hеn t was t i|| istу. '

(tе||)

2 .Yousее,hе е-enaсtmеntson|у art f hiswееkеnd,sеntеrtaimеnt.'еxpIаi)

3 .Itakеmy o|е Iayingеriouslууеs, do.' аdmit)4 .Еvеryonесhoosеso bea historiсa|hаraсtеrhowas

simiIarn аgе r baсkground.,say)5 .Wеwоuld еvеr,nd mеаn еver,hangеhе

сhаrасtеrеhavе hosеn.,insist)

6 АсtuаI|у,е'rееmеmbеringhеdауs hеnwеhаd оfight ora сausе.'makеt с|еar)

Bоporting erb$uith .iп9

4 Lookat theeхampIеsnd he ru|е. hen eport hеstatementssing suitabIe еrb rom hе Iist.a

,Let,ego to the сinoma,, аid Luсу.

Luсу suggested going to the сinomа.

b.You

told Маrк mу seсra| , ennуsаid to Peler.{onnуocсused Petor of telling МаrK her вeсret.RuleAftеr еrtаineportingеrbs еusе gerund.omе f hеmost ommon еrbs rе:

aсСUsеsomеonе)f dеny insist n rесommеndsuggest

1 .Ididn,t orrowour D,'/mybrothеr.2 .WеаbsoIutе|yUstry he hoсoIatесе-сrеаm,'/i l|.3 .YoushouIdее еonardoiСaprio,sеw i|m,' Sy|viа.4 .Youtookmу aсkеto hеpаrtуl'Simonto his istеr.

5 .Whуdon'twеp|аyootba||n hеpark?'/im.



Rоporting rdоrs and сequoьtь5 Look t heеxаmplеsndanswеrhequestions.

a.Рon,tmак9аn noiso,,ваid в rтlаn o u*.А man told us not to mаKo nY noi69.

b Тha rwвn itting naхl to ma turned ta uв аnd *аid,.Рlpаsgbo quiot,"

Tha mаn *ittingnaхt to rnr'asKBdus tо be сtruiot.

,l Whiсh еrb o Wеusе o rеport rdеrs?2 Whiсh еrb oWеusе o rеport еquеsts?3 Whаt hаngеsowеmаkеwhеnwе еport rdеrs nd

rеo еsts?4 Howdo wеrеport еgаtivеrdеrs nd rеquеsts?

6 Mаtсh hеsе еrbs o sentеnсеs_5.Thеn ewritе hеsеntеnсеsn reportеd peeсh'

ask оrdеr p|еad ith tе|| Urgе,l .Don'ttаIkwith ourmouthu||, 'thе othеrаid ohеr

уoUngon.

2.Stаy

whеrе ou rе 'hеpoIiсеmаnaid o hе obbеr.3 .Plеasе,p|еasе'еtmесomеwith ou,'Jamiеaid о hiso|dеr rothеr.

4 .Plеasеdonotput our ееt n hе eats,,thеus r ivеrsаid o hеpаssеngеrs.

5 ,Istrоng|ydvisеou o hink arеfu||yеforеouaссеpta ob,'thе arееrsdvisеrаid o hе tudеnts.

Bepoгting uoоtion67 Look t thеехamp|еsndаnswerhеquеstions.

a Tha ropartorаsкod whаt imotho ro-enаctmontwasgoing tо stаrt.

b Ьomeone"asKadf Fоbort О Loo wаea Confеdarаteor а Fpderаl&onorаl.

1 Whаt еrе hеdirесt uеstions?2 Whats hеdiffеrеnсееtweеnhе woquеstions?

3 Whаt hаngеsowemаkеwhеnwе еpоrt uеstions?

8 Matсh hеdirесt uеstionsl_4to thе answеrs _d.Тhen,rеport hequestionsnd аnswers si ng hеvеrbs еlow.

ansWеr аsk еnquirе rеspond sау tе|lwant o know wоndеr

1 Whеrеs hеmusеum еvotеdo hеСiviIWar?

2 WhаtmаkеshеmUsеUmоесiaI?3 Howmany ivеs еrе оstn hеСiviIWаr?4 What id hе o|diеrso o аmusеhеmsе|vеsn hе

wintеr?

a Itusеshе atеstntеrасtivеесhnoIogy.b Аt Pаmplin аrk еаr еtеrsburg.с 620,000.d Тhеy ad nowbaIIatt|еs.

lndiroсtquo6tion6̂ rithoutenьo hangeь9 Loоk t thееxampIesandb and hе uIеs _3. hеn

rеwritе uestions-6 bеginning ith hewords ivеn.

a ls t timеor thе ntеrvа|?Doуouknow f it's imе 'or hе ntеrvаl?

b Whоt imеdoеs hebаttle tаrt?Do

уouknowwhаt imе hеbаttlе tоrts?

Rulеs1 Whеn еаsk ndirесtuеstions,еdonotusе nvеrsion.2 Wеusеwhethеr,, or a quеstion ord о ntroduсеn

indirесtuеstion.3 Whеn hе ndirесtuеstiono||owsdireсt uеstion,r

impIiеduestion,wondеr,or oуou now,wе o notnееd o сhangеhе еnsе.

1 Arе hе rе.еnасtоrsаd?lwondеr...

2 Doеs nуbodуvеr еthurt?

Doyouknow ..3 Whеn oеs hе е-еnасtmеntinish?

Iwant o know4 What оаlI hеsе е-еnасtorso orа |ivins?

I,d ikе o ind ut ..5 Wi|| ou omе асk or hе е-еnaсtmеntехt еar?

Havе ou nv dеа ..6 How ong аvе oubееn aking аrt n hеbatt|е?

Tе|lmе ..

Lеt'saсtivatе10 o6Jlo.lYouaregoing o hеarpartof a Iivе adio

programmеbout СivilWar е-еnaсtment.istеn ndmakеnotеs nder hesе eadings.1 Whеrеhеоrеsеntеrs2 Why е s hеrе3 Тhеwеathеroday4 Тhе сеnе t ivе hismorning5 Thе ppеаranсеf hе е-еnасtors

11 ln pairs, еportwhat hеprеsеntеrаid.Use hе sеntеnсеopenerso help ou.

Hе aid/еxpIainedhat ..Hе old/аskеdirgеdhе istеnеrsnot)o ...Hеwondеrеd/wantеdo know ..

12 whatdidyourpartnеray?Ifyouwеrе е-enасtingn mportantvеntnyoUr oUntrу'shistorу,hat vent ouId ou hoosе? hy? еI|ourpаrtnеr,howiIIthenеport hаt ou aid o hе еst f hес|аsS.

Ah|..l

E€,



iOptingtortt

ln groups, isсusshese uestions.1 Ifyou ould ivе nywhеrеouwantеdnyour ountry,

whеrе ou|dou hoosе? hy?2 How iff iсuItoyou hink t would е omovе way

from hеkind f Iifе ouhаvе оw?Whv?

Listеning2 Look t thepiсtures. hat indof lifеsty|еso you hink

thеsepеoplееad?

3 Q'o., Youarеgoing o hеar ixspеakersalking bouthow hеy urnеd hеirbaсks n their ifеstyIeso do

somеthingomplеtеly iffеrent. isten nd matсh hespeakеrs,_6 o thе statеmеnts_g.onе statemеnts notmadeby аnуspеаker.

a I was urprisеdy mуown Uссеss.b I е|tso|atеdесаusеf my a|еnt.с I madе suddеn есisiono сhangе у ifеsty|е.d I rеgrеt akinghеdесisionoсhangе y ifеstylе.e I havеmadе aсrifiсеso сhangеmу |ifеstу|е.

f I hаdа |itt lеroublе ith hе oса|s.g I p|annеd yсhаngеn Iifеstу|еаrеfulIy.

ldioms4 Listеn gain ndсomp|еtеhe dioms _13.

SpeаkеrIwas еtt ingbit1

SpеakеrSpеakеrSpеаkеr

PronunсiationVouоl 6ound'

6 ro6fo.зСirсlе hе wordssame owеI ound. hеn1 area tеа2 door soon

grеalbookfarkhцgplainhurt

SpеakеrSpеаkеrSpеakеr

with itу ifе, nd 'd us tI mаdе .-

dесision.

in еасh roup hat ontаinhеlistеn nd сhесk ouranswers.

rеасnr00m

sа dpooltalkfеwp|аworth

withmygir lfr iеnd.

SpeakerI was еtting'-with trаve||ing.thе5- grind

wе'd oon et6- of t.Spеaker,-fоr thееndof tsnаtura|ifе.

Thеy houghttwould thе onе f hеаrеа.

SpеakеrIt urnеd ut hаt had ,- for |оwninground

SpеakеrThеy houghthаt ,do- my .

It,s 2 hardworк.

Spеakеr

I dесidеdt Wаsn't,- thееffort.

5 ExpIаinhemеaning f the dioms _1З n 4.

3 hеаd4 |oоk5 Worк

о hцgе/ pIanе

8 first



Speaking7 Matсh unсtions -6 to sеntеnсе pеners _f .

1 ask or nformation2 rеfusеo dosomеthing3 just ifуour pinion4 mаkе suggеstion

5 pеrsuаdеomеbodу6 wаrn оmеbоdy

a I know ou'rе otkееn n hе dеa, ut,уounеvеrknow,oumight njoy...

b l 'msorry ut rеа| |уon'twаnt o ...с Тhе hing s hаt t 's not)a ooddеа есausе..d Just есаrеfu|есausе..е Hоw bout doing)..?f Сan оu е||me...?

Fоtepla1

RolеpIayLook аrеfu||ytwhat ou rе skеdo doand rу orеmеmbеrow odo his n Еnglish.еmеmbеr,oumust nсludе||thе ointsn hе o|е |аy nd hоw оurabiIitуo eХprеssoursе|fn Еng|ish.

8 Inpairs,oIе laу his ituat ion.akе urns o pIay andB. Usе hе sеntеnсe pеners _f n 7 to heIp ou.

Student фu speak irst)

Your еst riend аs есidеd ot ogo ounivеrsitуftеr |l.. Find utwhy.. Trу opеrsuаdеim/hеro сhаngе is/hеr ind.о Warn im/hеrhat е/shе ight еgrеthis есision,

giving rеason.. SuggеstnаItеrnativеogoingo univеrsitу.

StudentYouhаvе есidеd ot ogo o univеrsityftеr ||. еspondIoyour arlnеr.. Еxp|ainhу oudon'twant ogo o univеrsitу.. Exp|ainhy ouwon't hangеourmind.

. Еxp|аinhy oudon,think ouwi|| еgrеthis есision.о Те|l our riеnd hаt ou hink f his/hеrItеrnаtivеo

un vеrsity.

5 Soundbites-+оmo11

9 66J'o.n istеn o а song rom hе musiсalСаtsandnumbеrhеvеrsesn thеordеr n whiсh hеy ppeаrin thеsong.

Тouсhmе|t's oеаsy o еаvеmеА|| |onе ith mеmory0f mydаysn hе un|fуou ouсhmеYou,lIndеrstаndhаt appinеsssLook' nеw ауhasbеgun

DаyIightI muslwаit or hе unrisеI must hink f a nеw ifеAnd mustn'tivеnWhen hеdаwn omеsТonight i|| еа mеmoryooAndа nеw ауwiII еgin

Burnt utеnds f smokу aysThе tа|еoId mе||f mоrningA strееtamp iеsAnothеr ightsovеrAnothеrаy sdаwning

MеmoryA|l |onеn hemоonIightI саn miIе ikе hео|d ауs

IwasbeautifuIhеn rеmеmbеrТhе imе knеwwhаt аppinеssasLеt hеmеmorуivе gаin

10 Answеrhequеstions., l Whatmеmoriеsoеs hе ingеr аvе f herpаst

Iifе?2 Whаt аs hе есidеdо dowhen аy|ightоmеs?З Dоyou hink urmеmoriеsf hеpаst rе

ассUratеiсturеsf what ur ifе as ike?Why/Whyot?

.

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С o rтfI iс G n gr n t e r esЁsln groups, isсusshе olIowingroblem. hеn ouhavefinished,ompаrеourdесisions ith hose f anothеrgroup.Imaginеhat ou rе ivingn a bеаutifu|,еmotеsIand.ThеpopuIаt ionndweа|thrеdесrеаsingаpidIy.hе nIyWay o еnsurеhе s|and'survivа|s odevе|opt оrmаsstourism.rе ou ororаgаinsthе dеa?Whу?

Studyinghe samplеUndоrstandinghо aвкz Deсidеwhiсhof thеpoints _farеаrguing orandwhiсh

arеarguing gainstourism.a Тourismrovidеsobs or hе oса|ommunity.b Тourismаmаgеshееnvironmеnt.с Thеbеhaviourf somе ouristss unассeptablеo IoсaI

pеop|е.d Тourismnсrеаsеshеwеа|thf hе nhabitаntsf а

сoU try.е Тourismе|ps еop|еo undеrstandnе nothеr еttеr.f Тouristsonot еspесthе ustomsnd rаditionsf

IoсaIеoplе.

3 шow еad hееssay bout ourism nd matсh opiсs _d

to paragraphs-4 .а Аrgumеntsgаinstourismb Соnс|usionс Argumеnlsor ourismd Тhе hinkingеhindhееssаyit lе

TOURtslvlsaneёvi::]P],"

many есentetbaсksothe ravеlndustrцl::Ii:T

is еxtremelyopular owadаys.o'. puop..аrguehat t sа neсеssaryаrt fа сountrv,soevе.lopment,thers laimhat tbrings oihingutproblеmsnd sofno eal еnеfitoLo.ui uopr..ohow esirаbles t?

Ц,ffLl"*lЦfffi '#,'i:::T l?[,ll"''.сountry ith imited ealth nd ewnatural..йu,..,. ,t1.:::::].-:

employmentormanyoсal eople. inatlц|tеnсourageseoplеotravеtoсountriЁsheywouldnever reviouslyavе reаmedfvisiting.his esuttsnan .nсreasеdndеrstandingfeaсh 'ь.?ъ ui,ur.",whiсhn urn an eаd obettеrеlationsьipseiweennations.

3 Neverthе[еss,ourism as tsnegаtiveidе. irstlисritiсs rguehat nyweаlth rеa1edelongsoа сhosenfewand hatmоstoсal nhabitantsiй Very itttefinanсiallyrom t. nаddition,heuriaссеptaьlеbеhaviourfsompresenсe',.,.',.,,.,l]ll''j:trhъ[etter ithout eoplе hohavе o .'р..t for oсalсustoms nd raditiоns.astty,ne trong rgumentagainstourisms hat tdаmigеshuun.ui,on'entnd .should,herefore,erestriсtеJoranneJ.

4 lnсonсlusion,ourismееmsobea сontroversiаlndemotivessue. t anbringwеalth nаp.oйliy].. йrras сrеatе roblems.hosenvolvedn hе ndustry 'hould ry oеnsufe.thаttseffесts .epЬsitivena r'e ..dаmagetсausesskеpt oa minimum. ]

ta

iilli::::::lX:tila:*;:;l;l*:::

4 Findwordsn the ехtwhiсh ave hе аmеmеaning sthosеn 1_8.1 diff iсu|t iеsr prob|еmshаt rеvеntomеthing

progrеssig2 thе tаtе f bеing uссеssfu|,spесiаl|yinаnсiа||yЗ suppliеshаt аnbеusеd o nсrеаsеeа|th4 thosе ho ind аu|t ith omеthing

5 unwе|сomеisturbаnсе6 fееlingdmirаtionесаusеfgood uа|it iеsr

асhеvеmеnt7 аn mportаntopiс оrdisсussionrargumеnt8 rеsultsr oUtсomеs





Bоporting tatоmоnts1 Report hеse ta temеntssing hе

сorrесtormof thevеrb nbrасkеts.egin hе sеntеnсеs iththenames ivеn.1 .l 'mnot ntеrеstеdn romаntiс

fiIms.,dmuсh аthеrееWеstеrn.,maket с|еафС|int..

2 . lstaуеd p|аst ight atсhingТV. hаt's hу ,m irеd.,еxp|ain)Mеg ..

3 ,It 'stoо аtеoryou owa|khomе',Il аkе ou n hе аr.,(i sist)Rуаn..

4 .RossandЕmiIy аvеust pIitup. hеy аd tеrrib|еа gumеnt.,tеl|)Moniса..

5 .lfI hаd ееn еtеr еstеrdау,wouId avе old ou.' еxplаin)Diаnе ..

Kopoгting rdaraand r&quоsts

2 Rеwritehesе еportеd rdеrs sdirесt peeсh.,l Тhеwаitressskеdmе not о

smokеn hаt rea f hеrеsta а t.

2 Тhе hopliftеr|еаdеdith hеstorе еtесtivеot o phone hеpoliсе.

3 Тhе еасhеro|d s o sitdownаndоpеn urbooks tpаgе 7.

4 Тhе rаffiс аrdеno|dmеnot o

pаrkmу аr hеrе.5 John rgеdmе obесarеfulwhеn wеnt |imbinghаtwееkеnd.

6 Mуparеntso|dmе o bеquiеtbесausehеbаbуwas leeping.

Kоportingquestioni3 Rеаd hе ntеrviеw ith Paulinе airhurst, ho hasbeеnmаrriеd or 50уеars.

Put hеprеsеntеr'suеstions_f n thе сorreсt rdеrl_6.

a Hоwdidyoumееt?b Hоw ong аvе oubееn iving ith оur usband,i||?с Anddidyou aIl n о vе trаightway?d |fyou ou|dhаngеomеthingbоut im,whatwould t bе?е Andwhаt sуour dviсе o nеw|y-wеds?f Why oyоu hink ourmаrriagеas astеdo ong?

Presеntеr 1

PaulinеPrеsentеrPaulinе

PrеsentеrPaulinе

PresеnterPаuIinе

PrеsеntеrPaulinе

PrеsеntеrPаuIine

WеI|, е'vе ееnmаrriеdor50yеаrs'Тhаt's long imе

lt wаson|y ftеr fеw

Don,t ivе pwhеn ouhavе roblеms.ссеpt асh thеr,s еаknеssеs

Rеmеmbеrhatnoonе's еrfесt

4 Now еport uеstions_f .

lndireсtquo5tion6 ithoutenea hangaо5 Rеwritehеse therquestionsrоm hе ntеrview. sе hе words ivеn.

,l Whаt s hеsесrеt f а suссеssfuIаrriaяе?Iwondеr...

2 Havе ou Vеr ada sеriоusisаgrееmеnt?Сould ou е|lmе '.

3 Howdidyou еsоlvеt?I'd ikе о know ..

4 Doyouhаvе nу egrеts?I wаnt o know ..

5 HowwiIl ou еlеbrаtеоurweddingnnivеrsаryеxt еаr?Doуоuknоw..

6 Is t diff iсuItеingmarriеdor oIong?Соu|dоu еlIme ..

Atа сonсеrtn 1950.was ta azzс|ub ithmу riеnds hеn е

wа|kеdvеr ndаskedmе ora dаnсе.l

Nо, Ithoughmonthsha t

Wе||''d ikеhim o bе idiеr, ut wouldn'thаngеnуthingbout ispеrsonаity'

I hink t'sbесаusе е'vе |waуs ad hаrеdntеrеsts. е'vе оnе |ottogеthеr.6

l thoughtеwаs еry аndsоmе.I rеa|isеdwаs n |ovе.

ф





ldiоmэ1 Matсh enten(еsl_5to the сommеntshаtmav olIow

themа_e.,| Hаvе ouhеаrd? reg оsbrokеn p with1u|ie.2 Tomwаsеd up withhis ob.3 Robhаsа knасkor ixing omputеrs.4 Wе pеnt ours rеparinghеpiсniс, uIi i l .wоsn,tworth

thеet'fort|5 Rosywasboredwith hеdоilуgrind.

a Shе ouIdn'tаit ogoоn holiday.b Apparent|yе's oing utwith omеonеlsе.с Hеwаntеd сhangе f сarееr.d |,|Iskhim o hеIomеwithminе.

е |n hееnd t rаinеd.2 Nowmatсh he dioms n italiсsn 1 to thеmеanings_е.

а bеborеd r unhappу ith оmеthingb еndа rе|ationshiос a wastе f timеd a rеpeatеdсt ivitуhаt s ir ing r uпintеrеstinge havе hеabiIityrskiIIоdosomеthing

?rоpозitions3 CompIetehe sentenсes ith hе сorrесt rеposition.

" by* in * on * through to

1 Тinаwаs ooking- hoIidаyroсhurеs,hеn erbosswа|kеdn.

2 trаnсеs аsn't еen thе dеа f аking уеаr Ut.Shеwаntеdo indа jоb.

3 l wаs еrу urprisеd Hеlеn'suggеst ion.hadn'tсonsidеrеdоrkingbroаd'

4 Lifе n hе оuntrуsidеsa dreаm omparеd |ifе nthесitу.

5 ln ordеr o suссееd ath|еtiсs,ounееd o trаin еryhard nddеdiсаtеoursе|fo hе port.

6 Susiе есidеdо еnro|-a |аnguagеoursе'hе

wantеdo|еarntaIiаn.7 ТhеrеWas odoubt Pаul,s ind bout hеanswеr.

HеWas onvinсеdеwаs iяht.

Цlords hаt gо |ogoIhor4 сhoosе hе сorrесt ption, , b,or с, to сompIеtehе

sеntеnсеs., l Gai|- hеrbасk na сarееrn mеdiсinеnd tudiеd

b prеsеntеd с mаdе

2 Jаsonmadе (n) dесisionndbоughthеmotorbikе,vеn hough есouIdn'tеа||yffоrdt.а rusn b snap с abrUpt

3 |t 's ftеn еry iff iсu|to a l iving sаnасtor.sа hаvе b do с mаKе

4 Aftеr еIеаsingеr irst ing|e,hеpopStar to amеa Iaunсhеd b roсketеd с tookof f

5 Niсo|а advаntаgеf hеr еаr n Brazi|nd еarntPortuguеsе.a mаdе b took с had

6 N4issinghе rаinWaS - of bad uсk' fon|уwе,dаrrivеdаr|iеr.a strоkе b push с toUсl.l

6xprоьвionь||thm*Ka5 СompIetehе sеntеnсеs ith hе сorrесtormof thеsе

еxprеssions.

u make hаbit f"

makе orn mаkе unof* mаkе асr if iсеsmakе somеonе)аit" mаkе p

1 Thе ingеr hеr аns- fоrovеr nhour еforеshе ppеаrеdn stagе.

2 Assoon s hеаrrivedn tоwn, \4ark thе nеаrеsthotе|.

З You hоuldn't stауingpso аte.t's аd or ourhеа th.

4 Lindаa |ot f to pUrsuесаrееrntе|еvision.

5 PеopIе|waуs Dаvid. е аkеs imsе|fаr oosеriouly.

6 Тinа nd еff аvе-. Thеy avеn'tаnсе|lеdhеwеddingftеr ||.

аrt nstеаd.a tUrnеd



Rеаd hеpoеmandanswеrhеsеquеstions.. l Whаt it lurе oеshеpoеt аint

of hе о|diеrs'tt itUdеo hеirdutуn vеrsе ?

2 Whу оуou hink hеpoеt ееpsrеpеatinghе rnеs:lntothе

vа||еуf Dеath Rodеhе ixhu d еd.'?

3 Тhеpoеt еfеrsothеbatt|еfiеIdas thеvaI|еуf Dеаth'. hatоthеrmеtаphorsoеs еUSеodеsсriloеt?

4 What oуou hink hеwor|dmight аvе ееnwondеring(whilе Il hеwoildwondеrеd.vеrse )?

5 Ассordingo hеpoеt, hаt

hаppеnеdo hе ixhundrеdsoldiеrs?hу oеs еsuggеstthis аppеnеd?

Your reaсtions

ln

-*'

disсusshеsе uеstions.. Whу oуou hink hiswаs uсh

а popu|аroеm?. HoW uссеssfu||уoуou hink

thеpoеt аs onvеуеdismеssagе?

о How е|еvаnts hismеssagеnowаdays?

о Dоyouhаvе nypoеms ikе hisinуour wn аnguаgе?hiсhonеs? ow о hеу ompаrеwith his nе?

tfrеCfiorgeftfiе igfit srigodеbуяфеd LordTеnnуsoп

BйЬAс ЬAVA. {i)t;t '6 j. Is i l)

d:*o h: tehti,rаceloujffiцiъ{]1;*l[..,

Q)10.6I{аtf o [ещaе, ra[fa [ецuе,9{a[fa fещueaпrllard,

Я[[ in tftе rlа[kу of Deatfifuldе tfiеsiafiшпdrеd,

,forulаrd, tftеLigfrt EngadеСftargеfor fiеgutts , iеsaid.

Into tfrеrlа[[еу f Dеatftfudе tftе ia{tшпdrеd,

,forzuаrl,tfrе igfit Eigаdе ',l,|аstfiсrеа mлп smауed?фt tfroughfiе o[diсrutеш

Somеortеtad6 uпdеrеl,,Ihеirsпot to mлforеp[g,Tfrеis not to rеаsoп u{tу,Т{tеirs ut to doвпddiе,lпto rfrе а[[еу /Dеаtfi

fudе tfrе iцfrundrеd.ffаsftеd аs tfiеgturпed n aiцSa\riпg t{tе umrcтs hеrе,Сfiaт1irtg п armц, llfti[еЯ[[ t|iеzuor[d uondеrеd:

Р[ungеdп tfrе аttеry-smofo\jgfit tЙтougfifrе iпе frеgrofu;

Сossас|аnd ossiап

fuе е тomhе а6rеstrou:S iаt еrе апd undеed,

IТtеrtfrеу odе aсft"шtпot,фt tfrе iцfruпdrеd.

Cаппoпoфfrtof tfrеm.

Саппono [еftof tfrеm,Саппoпсfiiпdfiеm,|ottе

уеdапd Йu dеrе;Stormеd t zuitfrfrot nd {Lеt[

,Wfrifе{torsеnd iеroеt[,IfiеуtfratiаdfoшgfrtЬ,,lе{tСаml firougfrfrеаulsof Dеаtfr,

Eас{fтom frеmюutfrf 9{е[[,Я[{ frat uаs rftof tfiеm,

Lф of siцfrun{rеd.

,I|frепсаn frеir[oryа[е

?О tЙешi[[ сfiаrgеfrщmadеt

Я[[ tЙешorfd uonderеd.9{onoшrfieсhаlgе fiеgmadd

I{oпour frе igfrtEфаlе,

ф6[е sk ftundredt



Grаmmar1 Rеwritееntеnсеs4 as one sеntеnсe,sing hе hird

сondit ionаI.1 Suе idn,t ivе amiе еrphonе umbеr.аmiе idn't

ohonе еr.|fSuе ..

2 l gоt o hе tatiоnаtе.missеdhе rаin.

3 Wedidn,t еаd hеquеstion. е ot hеаnswеr rong.|fwе...

4 А|еx ppIiеdor he ob.Hegot n ntеrviеw.A|еx ..

2 Сomp|etehewishеs nd rеgrets ith he сorrеd ormofthеverbs n brасkеts., l I didn't in hеmusiс ompеtit ion.spеnt |ot f imе

p|аyingomputerаmеsnsteаdf praсt ising.wish- (win)t. fon|y - (not pеnd)o muсh imеp|аyingomputеramеs.

2 l |еft сhooI hеn wаs 6 yеаrs ld. didn't o ounivеrsitу.wish- (not rop)out f sсhooI.fonlу- (co)o univеrsity.

l Iostmу ottеrytiсkеt.сouldn't|аimhеprizе.fоn|y

- (|osе) y |ottеrуiсkеt wish - (bе blе) oсlaim hеprizеl

|\4ikееrsuаdеdе o stау ut|atе. \4yarеnts еrеangrу ithmе. wish - (not istеn)to4ikе.fon|yl\4ikе'(not pеrsuadе)е ogohоmе о |аtе

I didn't аnt o Iеаrn musiса|nstrumеnthеn wа sуoUngеr.wish - (|еаrn)to|aуhеguitar.fonIy- (deсidе)o studyhеguitar.

Rеwritеhese tatemеntsn rеportedpeесh sing hewords n braсkеts. orе hаnonе answermaybе сorreсt.1 .Whаtl do ssomеtimеsоrinя.,

(J im/аdmit)

2 .Wеwou|d еvеr oanythingishonеst.,(Тhе hiIdrеn/insist)

3 .Whydon,twеgo ora pizla?,(Mariа/suggеst)

4 .Youto|d |iеl '(Bob/aссusе)

5 AсtuаIIy,hispIаy аs еvеr ееn еrformеdеforе.,(Thе сtor/makеt с|еаф

Rеporthe ordеrs |-5using ne of thеse еrbs nd asubjесt f yourown.

* ask* сommand ordеr tе|I urяе

1 .t irе '

2 .Don'tmovеl'3 .Dоn't|еаvеour оom n suсh mеss gain.'4 .Stoptrying o findехсusеs.'5 .HеIrэmеwith his uitсasе.'

Rеwritеhеsе uestionss reportеd uеstionssing nеof thе verbs е|ow nd he subjесt iven.

Фaske еnquirе wаnt o know wоndеr

1 .Whеrеis hе iсkеt ffiсе?'а pесtаtor/аnffiсia|)

2 .Whаtt imе s t?, Susan)3 .HavеyouеVеr ееn еrе еforе?'Теd/N4ronеs)4 ,Whatt imеdоеshе how nd?,|/а rogrammееl|еr)5 .Didyou ее hеshow еstеrdау?'mу riеnd)

Rewritеhesе uestionssing hewords ivеn.1 Аrеуou o|d?'Tе|Iе2 .Hаsthе how inishеd?'wondеr3 .Howmuсh oеs t сost oget n? '

Hаvе ou nу dеа4 .Whatdoеs vеrуbodyеrе o n hеwinter?''d ikе o

findout

5 ' ls tgoingo rain omorrow?'Doуouknow

Уосabulary7 СompIetеhesеntеnсеs ith hе сorrесt ormof thе

words n brасkеts.1 |Q еsts rе Waу f mеаsuringеop|е's

(intе||igеnt).Arе ou blе o (mеmory)е|еphonеumbеrsеаsiIy?

Londоnaxi r ivеrsrе nсrеdib|y (know)about oаdsn hе ity.СIаrеsVеry- (imaginе).hemаkеs p hеmostinсrеdib|еtor iеs.Wеnееdmorе- (inform)bout hеhotе| еforеwе book t.It аkеs |ot f (сonсеntrаtе)o p|аy gamеI keсhеss.Thеsе irесtionsrеVеry (сonfusе).owondеrWеgot ostlSusаnsVеry (think).hе ought еа gift оrmуbirthdаy.

@



Сomp|etеhеsentеnсеs ith hе сorrесtormof onе ofthеsеphrasaIerbs'

= akе t outon * takе ftеr - аkе aсk takеn.* аkе n -..аkе o

1 Еmmа еVеr |ifеn hе itу. hе rеfеrrеdIivingn hе ountrу.

2 Whеn hings owrong еss |wауs еVеrуonее|sе.hеwon't dmit t ,s еr ault .

3 Тhе xplorеreсidеd thе hal|еngеndorganisеhеехpеdit iono hеHimalaуas.

4 Brеtt uiсk|у thеаssеmblуnstruсtionsnd еtup hе omputеr.

5 iVoniсаsa vеrу а|еntеd usiсian.hеmusthеrmothеr.

6 Assoon sТim еаlisеdismistаkе,ееvеrythingеhаd aid.

Сhoosеhе bеstWord, , b,or с, o сomplеtehеsе

sentеnсеs.1 WiIIiаmhakеspеarеsa - figurеn Еnglish

IItеratUe.

а bаsiс b kеу с first

2 Shakеspеare,somео nd uliеts a|| bout ovе сrossthе .а diffеrеnсе

3 Whеn omеoirst aw uIiеttwаs ovе t irsta sight b looк с |mprеsslon

4 Usua||уt аkеs omе imе оrpеoplеo ruly inloVе.

а gеt b bесomе с fа||5 Althoughomеoоund thаt uIiеt аs Сapu|еt,

hеst iII аntеdosееhеr.a aftеr b аbout с out

Writing,l0 writеa shortbiogrаphуf KеanuReеves,sing hе

informationеlow, r аn aсtor r singеr f your hoiсе.lnсIudеommеntsn rеportedpеесh. sе hisp|an ohеIp ou:1 BaсkgroundfаmiIy2 Сareerp o now3 Prеsеnli[е nd ntеrеsts

s,g,'Ц)$t

b division с dividе

Born: еirut,964

FamiIy: otherBritish.оstumieror tarsl ikе ollyаrtоnfatherhalf hinese.а|f awаiiаn,еоlogist.

Career:irst ppearаnсеCocа-Сo|аdvertisemеntfirst tarringo|e Youngb|oоd,iLh аtriсkwayzеotheri|ms My1wnPrivatеdaho,peеd,raсula,ThеМatriх, heMatiхRеloaded,heMatriхпeV]l tl0nSothereсenti|msРrеmonition,ardba| ,weetNovеmber

Life: rew p nТoronto-ovedoHo|Iywооdhеn ewas ]9,butmоvedасkoТorontоn2000 ftеr isgirlfriend,еnnlfеrymе,iednасar ссident.Usua||yivеsп otels.

Likes:motоrbikеs,pеedndmusiсplaysassngroupDogstаrnd as omposedоmeongs)

commeпts:Мyрrivateifes usthаt, rivаtе.,d

rathertay thomеhan аvе photograрherfоIlowinge rоund.,,Why

hоte|s?Iike avingоom erviсе.|so,sреnd ost f he imе n осаtionr OUriлgiththе and.,,I,vеbeеnсtinginсewаs 4.did heatre,advегtisеmentsnd V еriеsеforeettingilmраrts.,,l,mnоtike ny f hе harасters,vе|аyеd.,

lll

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ti:u:l:iu:ullall

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lrl

t:t:l l l l

lll

it:rll:

:'Ilialt::

:iil

t:tlta::

aitl

tu

uttlllti:l1t:

ttt::t-:t:ti:ut:::

lllt::l;:r,'.itilli .,,,



7rnit a Presеntpеrfeсtandpast imple

PresеntpеrfесtWеusе hеprеsеntеrfесtо а|k bout:

] somеthinghiсh аs r hаsn,t appеned еforеourgеnеrа| xpеriеnсе)'ftеnwithеvеr, еvеr ndbeforе.l- аvеоuеvеrbеrn toNеwYоrk?ilо' I'vе evеr аd Ihеopporlunitу.l,msurеууе аven,tmеt, еforе,

2 somеthinghiсh appеnеdn hеpast ut t i|| аs nеffесtn thеprеsеnt,ftеnwithоlrеаdу,ust, not)еt and

st i l l .ltrаveouаlrевdу inishedуaurсampositiоn?Jасkhtls ustсomebасk romPаris.l hаvеn,tinishеd еоding our еttеr еt.Jаnеstillhвsn't,honеdmе.

З somеthinghiсh sst i|| oing nnoW r sst iI l ruеnоw,oftеnwith/orand inсе.Wеusе/orto dd nformаtionаbout hе еngthf imеand inсe o alk bout hеstart ingoint f hеaсt ion.juliеtоnd |l,4аrkвуеbееn nаrriedor t'ivе еаrs.Аnn,skвd kеrdogsinсе аstМау.N'lleivеd n thisvillаgе |l mу i|е.

4 instеаd f а prеsеntеnsе ftеrwhеn,f anduntilto a|kаbout omеthinghаtmight not) е inishеd oworsoonWhеn ,vе inishеd hisсomу;оsitiоn,е,llga ta thесinеmrl'lf увuhвven,t aoked hе iсkеts'оr hесоnсеrtеt, саndoit or уou.Yоu аn,t оuntilуou,vе'inishedaurdinnеr,

PastsimplеWеusе hеpast impIе:

1 to aIk bout сomp|еtеdсtionn hеpast, ftеnwith

timе еfеrеnсе.11е вng mе two dаys аgo.l didn,tgo to Sсot|аndаstпteеkеnd il wоs oo nоwу.

2 to еII еop|еbout ast Vеntsnd o е|| tor iеs.l wokеup еаrlу, uiсk|у otdrеssеd, аwghttkе rоm ntоtown, nd rnetаt'riепd.

З with hеvеrb obе+sinсеtoа|k bout ow ong t ssinсе omеthnghappеnеd.Нow ong s t/hаs t been inсеуouwеnt wimming?lt is/ hвs bеenаgеs inсе wentor о swim.

Presеntperfесt implе and presеntpеrfeсtсontinшoUsWеusеboth hеprеsеnt еrfесt nd hеprеsеnt еrfесtсontinuousorаn aсt ion hiсh еgаnn hеpast utwhiсhhаsprеSеntonsеqеnсеs.

Wеusе hеprеsеnt еrfесl:

1 to еmphаsisеhаt n aсtionsсomp|еtеd.l,vеwаshеd hесаr' t looksniсеаndс еаn оw.

2 to sаy owmany imеs omеthingаshappеnеd.Тhеy,vе isitеdus 'our irnеs hisуеоr.

Wеusе hеprеsentеrfесtontinuous:

1 to еmphasisеhеaсt iontsе|f, hiсhmау r maуnоt t i||bеgoing n n hеprеSеnt.

|Wу lothеs rе wеtbесgusе,vеbeеnwаshing hесаr.

2 to еmphаsisеhе engthf imе hat n nсomp|еtесt ionhas astеd.l,vebeеn tudуing ng|ish'or woуеars.

З to aIk bоut сtionshаthаvе ееn еoеatеdvеrpеriod f imеup o hеprеsеnt.Wе,ve еengoing o thе еnnis lub or уеаrs.

4 For tеmporarусt ion rsituаt ion.

Тhеу,veeеn вrryingaut tеsts п thе еlеphоnrуstеm.





1 A gеrund, prеsеnt аrtiсip|еndаn аdjесt ivеnding

in-iлg oоk hе аmе utwеusе hеmdiffеrеnt|у.А Wolkingsgood 'or oи. gеrund/noun)B Wewеnt n а skiingholidау. аdjесtivе)С Wе аt n thеpubeаting оmburgеrs.prеsеntаrtiсip|е)

2 Wе аnusе hе nfinit iv еnа сontinuous'еr{есt.ndpаssivеorm.to luу tо bе bоught tо bсbuуiпgta hоvсbоugh tо hоу,е еепbou1hi |о hсlvt'bесгtluling

lttеnaw> ерОrl аn bеJound оrl hс,, tl сrпе 'Thе riпtirtа s sсlid o bе оrriving itt tе IK tоdауНе s sаiсl a hаve bееn tiving аbrоаrJ.Не s thuught о hаvеbеen аrrеstеdуеstсrdоу'

7rnit3 нabits

Presenthablts

1 Wеusе hеprеsеntimp|еo аIk bout rеsеntсt iоns rstаtеsngеnеrаl,ftеnwith n аdvеrb f rеquеnсу.I usuвllygo trз сhaоlbуtrаin

2 Wеusе hеprеsеntontinuоus аlwауs, ontinuо |уndforеvеrIoа|k bout сtionshat rеаnnоуingn hep еsеnt.Муbrоthеf tllwауs ornplвiningbout amеLhtng,

З Wеusеwi||o аlk bout еhaviourhаt s ypiсaIfаpеrson.

5hе ееs еr riеnds l 1ауltsсhооl lпd hеn hе,tl |lвnсthсtn n tkееvеning'

Past habits

] Wеusе hеpast imp|еo а|k bout аst сt ions rstatеs,oftеnwith n аdvеrb f rеquеnсу.

Whеn wаs it-t|е'usuаllузмеn{,a the ibrarувп5rlturdауs.2 Wесan usewould ndusеd o+ infinitive ithout o o

tа|k bout еpеаtеdаst сt ions.BеJоrесculd lrivе, usеd rз/з'ltоufdrвvеlеvсrу'уhg{gуbus.

NoteWе аnа|so sе sеd o,butnotwould,o а|k bout aststаtеS.l hеуusrdta ivс tз rrsnсе.l dir}n,t sе 'вhr;vе lуlоtоrbikе.

3 Wе аnusе hеpаst ontinuousith lwауso аIk bout

аnnoying аbitsn hеpаst.l rсmеmhеrhrз|,е wаs lwауs *lking п с аsз.

1 Many еrbs rеnotused n hе ontinuousorm.

. bе|iеvе. е|ong. оnsist. еpеnd.hаtе. know. |ikе. |ovе.mеаn. nееd. prеfеr. еa|isе

. rеmеmbеr sееm SUpposеundеrstandWаnt2 Somе еrbs аnbе usеd n сontinuousеnsеs i lhа

diffеrеnt еаning' .g. ее' hink, ееl, аvе.

arnit Е Relative nd nounсlauses

Defi ing rеlativеGlauses

UseDеfiningе|at ivе|аusеsivе sеssentiа|nformаtion.hеуdеfinеhеpеrson r hingWе rе aIkingbout. hеy suаIIydirесt|уo|lowhеnoun hаtWе rеdеfining.l|i|r obеrtss thеwltlnwhв еlеphonedwе еstеrdву.Тhiss thеbооk fltхt еter аvеwзe'вrmу birthdву.

Pronounsused n dеfining elativе lausesWеusе hе rе|ativеronouns ho,whiсh,hоtor whosе.,] Wеusеwhoor thаt orpеoplе.

Тhis s thеmrlпvуlra thвtdеsignеdhе erор|аnе.

2 Wеusеwhiсh r thоtfor hings.ls this hе еttеrwkiсlэ thвtсrsrnееstсrdау?

З Wеusеwhosе|oау hаt оmеthingеIongsoSomеonеor somеthing.t smorе ommon|ysеd orpеop|е.Тlзiss thе tоl,whвsе'llmwas N oхоffiсе it,Тhе i пl ,ryhasеit|с .tlяsопс ,vithhе WincbесrзrnееrуJr;mоus.

4 Wе an еаvеhе e|аtivеronoUnut f t rеfеrso hеobjесt f hе е|аt ivе|аusеutWе annot еаvеtoutwhеn t rеfеrso hе ubjесt f hе е|аt ivеIausе.Тhе iсkеtstlзаt) еhооkеdоr thесcnсеrtw€€ Уеrу

ехреt,|sIvеТhе tсtrs hовpреаrеdrl thе ilm wеrе'lеrу'вmоu's"

Non.dеfi ing relativeсlausеs

UsеNon-dеfiningе|аt ivеlаusеso notdеfinеhеnoun. hеygivе sеxtrаnformаtion.otе hаtwеUsе ommаs ithnon-dеtl ng еIаt ivеlа sеь.ТhеPrimеh4ilзistеr,hо s|еtlvlпgОr.uОt{Оw:rt h4irld есtsttоur, nrlr']сstatсmеnthism{]rпiпя.

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Pronouns n non-dеfining elative lausеsWеdo notuse hоt n non-dеfiningе|аt ivеlausеsndwесаnnotеаvе ut hе е|аt ivеronoun.

Тhеilm,whiсhulаsmаdе n Sсotlаnd, аs bееn boхot'fiсе5uсСеss.

Тhе iIm,у'lhosе irесtorуtlas tеven piеlbеrg, аs mоdеmi lionsof dol аrs.

NounсlausеsWе аnusenoun Iаusеs:

1 as hе ubjесt f a sеntеnсе.Whаt ouаrеsuggеstingeеms good dео,

2 as hеobjесt f а sеntеnсе.Idon,t nowwhоt ouоrе а|king bout.

З aftеrndirесtuеstions.nan ndirесt uеstion,hеsubjесt |waуsomеs еforеhеvеrb n hе есond аrt f

thе еntеnсе.Саnуau еllmеhowhe is?

Quеstion ords uсhasНow?Whеn? ndWhеrе?rеusеdin bоth irесt nd ndirесt uеstions.Whаt s thе inе?(dirесt)Саnуou еlImеwhаt hе imе s? indirесt)

|f hеrе s noquеstion ord, е usе .Наs hеаrrivеd еt? dirесI)Dоyouknow f shеhаsаrrivеdеf7 indirесt)

Tlnit 5 Narrative enses

Pastsimрle and pastcontinuousWeusе hе imp|е astwith hеpast ontinuouso dеsсr ibеan aсtionhаtwаs n progrеsshеn nothеr сtion appеnеdor.intеrruоtеd' it .

WеwеrehаvingаnЕng|ishеssonwhеn hе ightswentof|.

l wаs istеning o о СDwhеnPetеr rrivеd.

Pastpеrfeсt implе and сontinuousWеusеboth hеpast еrfесtnd hеpаst еrfесtontinuousto аlkаbоut nасt ion hiсh аppеnеd еforе nothеr сt ionin thеpаst.Howеvеr, еusе hepаstpеrfесtora сomplеtеdaсtion nd o еmohаsisеts еsuIt.

l wаs ngrу есаusеomеОnеаdstolеnmурurSе.Wеusе hеpast еrfесtontinuousorаn асtionhаthappеnеdvеr pеriod f imе, nd о еmphаsisеhеасt iоngoing n.

I wаsаmаzеd hоthе hаd been tеalingromthесompоnуor solonя.

NotеWеdo notusuа||ysе hеpаst еrfесtontinuouso а|kаbout tаtеs.

PrеsentperfcсtсontinuousWеusе hеprеsеnt еrfесtоntinuous:

1 to а|k bout n aсtion hiсh аsbееn oing n or omеtimeandwhiсh sst iI l oing n.Pоulhаs bееnogging ound hepоrksinсе еvеn ,сloсkhismorning.

2 for inishеd сt ions hiсh аvе rеsu|tn thеprеsеnt.Wе,veееn iving n thесitу or аbout 'ivе еоrsnow.Му hаir s wetbесаusе,vеbееn wimming'

З forасt ionshathavе ееn еpeаtеdvеr pеriod f imеup o hеprеsеnt.

Тhеу,veeengoingtothе еnnis lub 'orаgеs.

AdverbсlausеsWе аnusеаdvеrb Iausеsoеxorеss:

] rеаsonl borrowеdomеmonеу ecаusе sinсe аs wаnted o stortupmу ovtnbusinеss,

2 t imеWhilе Whеnwe werеon holidау,wеmеtоn old 'riеnd,

З сo d t iolf we саngеttiсkеts,wе,lI oto thесonсеrt.

4 pUrposеl joinеda sрorts |ub o thаt I сauld mаkе riеnds.

5 rеsu tТhеtightwas o eхpеnsivеhаt уle dесided o trоуеlbу train.

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TfniX ll Past modals

Pastmodals nd mеaningWе anusеoastmodalso аIk bout:

1 possibi l ity

lt might mоуhауеbееn ourpаrеnts,цhoеnt hе 'lowеrs.

2 |ogiса|еxp|anation|tсаn'thауеbееnlаriо уцhohonеd.|lе,sn ha|idау.lt musthаvеbееn аrаh. hе оid hеwоs oing agеt ntouсh.

З obIigаt ionl ought o/ shouldhаvе

inishеdLlis ompositiоnаstnight.

4 |aсk f nесеssitУWеneedn,t аvegotup so еаr|у.

5 a oаst onditionIwouldhаvе 'inishеdhе ampositiоnf I lаd hаd imе.

7rnit7 Passive'Gausative ауeandgеt

Passivе

FormТomаkе n асtivееntеnсеassivе,е nееd o makе hrеесnа gеs:

А mаkе hеobjесt f thеvеrb hеsubjесt f thеpаssivеsе tеnсе.

B usе hеsаmе еnsе f thеvеrb o bе and hеoastpаrt iсip|еf thеaсt ive еrb.

Thесitу hаs аttrосted isitors'rom l ovеr hewoild. асtivе)Visitors аvebeеnоttrасtеd o thесitу romаll ovеr hеwoild. pass:e)

С Whеn s t nесеssаryo sаywhoor what id hеасt ion,wе nееd o makе hеsub1есtf thеvеrb hеаgеnt f thеpаssivееntеnсе у using y.

Poliсeсаught hе thiеf thismorning. асtivе)Thе hiеf wаsсаughtbypoliсеthisпorning.(pаssivе)

UseWеusе hеoаssivеorm:

.,]whеnwеdо notknowwhodid hеасt ion.ТhеBвуof Islаnds уаs isitedоsеаrlуоs thе enthСеnturу.

2 whеnWе rеnоt ntеrеstedn whodid hеaсt ion r t snot rnоortanthodid t.Тhе slаndvilаs isсovеrеdn 17B9.

Ifwеwant o sаywhoorwhat id hеасt ion, еusе y+pеrson rthing.

Тrсtdе вsbuilt up witl l nеighbaurings|оnds у the oссlfishеrmеn.

Passive orms with thе gеrundand the infinitiveWе аnusеpаssivеorms ftеr еrbs hiсh rе o||owеdуthеgеrund 'p134):

l rеmеmbеreing hawn hеmаin sightsJ ondon.

аndаftеr еrbs hiсh rе oIIowеdу hе nfinit ivеlp135):

Pеоplе хpесto tзе аken еriоuslу hеn hеу а|kаbоut hеirpr0blеms.

Wе anа|so sеpаssivееru ds ftеr omе rеpositions'plЗa)Jасkwаs еdup 'uith еing sеnt n busiуlеssriрsеvеrуwееkепd'

Causativehаveandget

FormWе orm hесausаtivе sing оvе rgеt+ objесt+ pаstpart iсip|еf hе еrb.

. Whеn idуоug,еt ourhвir сut?' l hвtl t сutуеstеrdоу.. Whу idуouhауeсеntrвlheаting nstвlled?

. Wеgat t instаlledbесtlusеhеhousеwаs rееzing old nтцlitеr.

UsеWе аnuse а vе rgеtin hесаusаtivеtruсturе.ef smoreinformа|han аvе.Wеusе hесаusаtivеhеnwеаrе а|kingаbout omеthing еаsk, е|l r pау оmеbody|sеodo orus.

Wеhаvehвrl а new саrpеt аid'

Ihаd he аr wаshеdhismortting'

In hесausative,еtandhаvе an omеtimesаvе nеgаtivеmеaning.toxpеriеnсе,usuaIlyomеthingnp|еasаnt).

Igot hаd mу hоusе rakеn nto аstnight. |'Ауousеwasbrokеnnto.)



Tfnit I waysof talkingaboutthе futurе

going toWесаn usegoing o:

1 to aIk bout ur ntеnt ions.lngrid ауs hе,s aingo tоkеup swimming.

2 to mаkе rеdiсt ionsasеd nwhаtwесаn ее.Lоak t thаtbсаutiful unshinеt,sgoingo beа niсе trву.

Present ontinuousWе аnusе hеprеsеntontinuouso а|k bout dеfinitеarrangеmеntor hе uturе.I,m kвving rln ntеrviеw О{norrОw.Wе,re вingoutwith riеnds onig|lt.

Prеsent implеWе аnusе hе imp|е rеsеnto aIk bout vents tаdеfinitеimе n hе uturеoftеnimеtаblеdvеnts).

Sсhoо| tаrtsnехtМоndау.

Тhе onсеrt еgins t 7"Зa.

Тhе rrlin еаltеs t 16.0З,

Futuresimple(will)Wе usеwil/:

] to mаkе prеdiсt ion.Тhепumbеr f саrson thе oаdswill inсrеаsе вpidlу n thеnехtivеуеаrs,

2 to mаkе rеqUеst.Willуоup|еrlsеatlndgеtmеа diсtianаrуrоrn hе ibrrlrу?

З to mаkе n nstant есision.|,llgo вndgеtus ln сесrеrlm

4 to mаkе promisе.

l,ll buууоuвnоthеr atсh С}ер асеhеanе ou,vеost"

5 to еxprеssеtеrmination.

Wеwan't' еt rl itt|е rob еmikе hisspоilottrhaIidоу

FutureсontinuousWеusе hе uturе ontinuouso еmphаsisеhе еngth f аnасtion ta сеrtаinimе n hе uturе.past ) prеsеnt -J 2010 ) 201

spасе tаtion spасе Lаtionstаrtеd finishеd

ln 2012 hеуwill bе building hеnеw расе tgtiоn.

Futurеperfeсt impIеWеusе hе uturе еrfесto аlk bout nасtion r еvеntwhiсhwi|| еovеr еforе сеrtаinimе n hе uturе.past --+ prеsеnt -э 2010 ) 201

spaсе tatlon spaсе tatlonSta tеd fin shеd

Тhеуwill lзаvеinishrd thеnеwspасе tоtion у2a15'

FutureperfcctсontinuousWеusе hе uturе еrfесtontinuouso sауhow ong nасtion rеvеnt i|| аvе ontinuеdorbya сеrtаinimе,oftеnwith or .past --+ prеsеnt ) 2010 ) 201

spасе tоtion spасе tаtionstаrtеd t'inishеd

Bу2a12 tlеуwil| hаvеbееnbuilding |lе pосе tоtionor twoуеaS.

arnit 9 Тhirdсonditional, ishesand regrеts

Third(onditional

FormWе orm hе hird ondit ionаIsing + past еrfесt, would/ wouldn,t hаvе+ pаstpаrtiсip|е.

lf уouhadgivеn nе aurрharlе umbеr, wauldhаvесоIled ou

lf l,dsеt mу в|сlrm |aсkаstnight, ltуouldn,t аvеaverslept.Wесаnа|so sе ould аvе r might аvе+ past artiсiplе.

$ уouhвd told mеуouwеrеаtе, сould hаvegivеnуouа lit't.

tf Маrkhаdn,t' еen o rudе, mighthвvе 'orgivеn im.

UseWеusе hе hird ondit iоnа|o mаginе ow hingsmighthаvе ееn iffеrеntn hеoast.

lf l hаdn,tbееrl a tirеd, wоuldn,thвve вllеn аslеepоn thеbus.(But wаs irеd, nd did a|| s|ееp.)lf Pаulhаdtоldmеаbau{ hеpоrtу,'d hаve onе o it.(But аul idn't е||mе'аnd didn,t o.)

Wishes nd regrеtsWесаnеXprеss ishеs nd rеgrеtsbout hеpаstusingwlshor wished pаstpеrfесt.hеwishWееXprеsss hеoppositеofwhаt еа||yаppеnеd.

lwisll l'dbееn ornа hundrеdеarSago.Youwеrеn't ornаhundrеdеars go.)

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Pаu аwishеsshehвdn,tsplitupwithhеrbaуt 'r iеnd.Butshеdid 2 |f hеreport ingvеrbisinthеprеsеnttеnSе,wеdonotspIit pWith im.) сhangеhе оrmof hе еnsеn hе еportеdtatеmеnt.

Dаvidwished е hаdn,t rguеd уith isрarеntso muсh. Buthе ,l,vеbaught mobi|е hоnе,'оуsЕl|о.didаrguеWith hеm lot.) Еllа ауs |lе,s ouglзt mоbilеhoпе.

Wесаnаlsoехprеssеgrеtsbout hеpаstwith f onlу+ pаstpеrfесt. Reporting rdеrsand requestslf onlу hаdсаllеd im (BuIdidn't al| im.) Wеusе el/+ infinitivеo rеport rdеrs' ndаsk+ infinitivеo

tf only оmes аd еmrmbеrеd уbirthdау (Butеdidn't rеporТеquеsIS.

rеmеmbert'),Staрtсtlking,,tlid kе еосhеr.

Т зееасherоld us to stop о|king.,Соn

уauраss hеsrl|t,|евsе?,еsаid,Unit 7o Reported speесh Не tskеdе f t соuldвsshе а t.

Reported pеech Reporting uеstionsWеusе rеportingеrb o rеport irесt pеесh. еaIso ееd Whеnwe rеport uеstions, е:to сhangе:A pronouns,.g. bесоmesе shе. ] do notusе hеvеrb n hеquеstionorm n hе ndirесt

B tеnsеs,.g. quеstion.

simpIе rеsеnt, implе аsт,Whеndidуauаrrivе rlLоndan?,Siшaпskеd еtrв.

prеsеntontlnuouspаst ontlnuous Simоn skеd etrо уhеnhеhвdarrivеdn Lоndan.

wi|l wоu|d;вn сould;mау might 2 Usеf or whеtherf thеrе s noquеstion ord n thеdirесtprеSеntеrfесtсontinuous)pаst еrfесtсontinuous) quеstion.

simp|еpаst pаstpеrfесt,Аrе

уoustвying еrе ong?,imon skеd еtrа.

Simanвskеd еtrа f / whеt,hеrhеwrls tауing hеrе ong.NotePastmodа|s o nоt hаngеhеir ast orm n rеpоrtеdpеесh. lndireсt questions without tense сhanges,lwauld ovеoknaw hе nswеr,,аid аllу' Indirесtuеstions ithout еnsе hаngеs rеknоwn sSа|lу аid hе tlouldovе оkпow hе nswеr. еmbеddеd uеstions.hеsе rеdirесt uеstions hiсh o||ow'You hould ауe old lеаbоut hеprab еm ith hе аr,, rlid im. аnothеr еntеnсe pеnеr, .g. want o know, wondеr, 1с.

jim sсtidshould avе old iшаbоut he roblеm ith hе аr' Wеdo notсhаngе hе еnsе f thеdirесt uеstion utwе doТhеpast еrfесtontinuousoеs оt hаngеn rеportесl сhаngеhеword rdеr.spеесh. .Аrе

уauhuлgrу?,wаnt oknow f уоu,rе ungrу.

l fеlt tirеdon h4ondоу есаusеhаd bееn rвvеlling I|dву, ,Аrеthесhitсlrеnirеd?' luоndеrt' thесhildrеn rе irеd.S|tе аid hаt hеhаd

еltirеd n h4ondоуесоusеhе lвdbееn ,Whаt

timе s t?,Сou r1оtl с nеwhаt inе t is?trаvеlling |ldоу.

С wordsсonnесtеd ith hе prеsеnt, .g.,|sdinnеr еаdу еt?,Doуouknоvvf tlinnеrs rеаdу еt?

nоw thеn; еrе thеrе;his thоt; hеsе thоsе

Reporting tatеmеnts

1 Thеre rеmanу iffеrеntеportingеrbsn Еng|ishutwеoftеnusе ауor tеll, omеtimеsoIIowеdу hаt, o rеportdirесt tаtеmеnts.,I'vеbought mabi|е lhоnе,,аidЕllа.Е lа aid{thвt)hе'dbоughtо mobilе hanе"

'l don,t nоw оl,уt l,uorks,'l|а оid o Mаrk.Еllа told Mаrk (thаt) hеdidn,t knaw how t wot,kеd.

Notefel/ s а|wауs o||owеd y an objесt

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Note:Definit ionsakеn rom he oХfordWordpower iсt ionaryor еаrnеrsf Eng|ishfirst dit ion oxfordUniversityress, 000.Тhird dit ion SBN 7B0 19 4з9924 .

rr a. I

UNIT -I

Nounsagenсy .еrd3эnsi/ С] businesshаtprovidеspartiсuIarеrviсe: modе|linggеnсу

aIbum albэm/ [с] book n whiсh ouсапkееp5tаmps,hotogrаphs,tс hаt ou hаvе o||eсted

appeaI э'pi: l/ U] quа|ityhаtmаkes b/sthattrасtive r ntеrеsting

appearanсe э.рlэrэns/ С] hе Wау hаtsb/sth ooks0r seеms erb: ppеаr

armadilIo с:mэ'drlэo/ С] n Ameriсаn nimа|withа hаrd hе||,hаt аts nsесts nd rol|sntoаbа||f sthаttасkst

armour с:mэ/ U] lothing,ftеnmаdе f mеtа|,thаt oldiers ore n hе pаst o protесthеmsеlvеs

attraсtion э'trzеkJn/ fее| ing f I ik ing b/sth сrb:аITгасI

brand name /'brеnd пеrm/ С] hе nаmegivеn o аproduсt y heсompаnyhаtproduсеst

сamouflage 'kamэflo:3/ U] hewау n whiсh nаnimаl's oIour r shapеmаtсhеsts urroundingsаnd mаkes t diffiсUIto see.. hepo|аrbeаf whitе

fur providesсаmout'lаgе gаiпst thе ;now.сareer /kэ.rrэ/ С] thе series f obs hatsb hаs n а

pаrtiсu|аrreаof work: аrаh s сonsidеringсаreеr n enginеепng.2hе рeriodof your ifе hаtyou pendworking

сoаt /kэot/ [с] he ur' hаir, tс, hаt сovеrs nаnima|'s ody

сommerсe 'kоmз:s/ U] hе businеssf buying ndselI inghings djесtivе.ommerсiаl

сontraсt 'kDntlаеkt/ С] Writtеnegа| grеemеЛt

vегb: oЛtrасtkэn trаеkt/сosmetiсsurgery koz'metrk 'sз:d3эri/ U]mеdiса|trеаtmеnthаt s ntеndedo mprove pеrson's

appeааnсeсraftsman 'krс:ftsmэn/ [С] pеrsonwho mаkеs

things kiIfu||y,spесia||уith is/hеr аndsсu|ture ,k,tltJa/ С] hе сustoms,dеаs, eIiеfs, tс.

Ofа pаrt iсU|аr0сiеtу,oUntry,tс .diversitу darvз:seti i С, suа||уing,] wide

varietу f sthdoсumentarу 'dokjumеntri/ [С] fi|mor te|evision

or rаdio гogrammеhаtgivеsасts r nformаtionаbout раrt iсu|аrubjeсt

fashion/.fвJn/ [с] hе sty|е f drеssing r bеhаviпgthаt s hе most opU|аrt a рart iсu|аrim e

fashion show/'fаeJn эо/ [С] n oссаsioп hеrе

реop|еаn ееnеwdesigns f с|othes eingwornbу ashionmode|s

feathеr /'fебэ/ С] ne of the ight, oft hings hаtgrow n а bird's kin nd сovеrts bodу

fur /fз:/ U] he soft hiсkhаir hаt overshe bodiesof some nimа|s

hedgehog 'hеd3hоg/ с] smа|l rown uropеanаnimа|With hаrp hingsikеnееdIesspiпсs)

сovеringts bасkimage 'rmrd3/ [с,U] hеgenerа|mpressionhatа

person r orgаnizаtionivеso thеpub|iс [с]mentа| iсturehаt ou hаvе f whаt b/nh s ikeor |ooks ike 3 [С] сopyof sb/sth n thе ormof аpiсture r stаtuе

imperfeсtion Impэ'fеkJn/ с]а fаu|tor wеaknеssin sb/sth djесtivе:mperfесt

impression m preJn/[С] ап mpгеssion f s|эЬth)аn dеa, fееl ing r аn opinion hаt ougеtаboutsb/sth, r thаt5b/sth ives ou

influenсe/ rnfluэns/ U] hе effeсt hаtsb/sth аson hewауа personhinks r bеhаvesr on theWаy hаt thworkь r detе|ops

inspirat ion Inspэ'теr.[n/С,U] fеeIing,erson rthing hatmаkes ouWаnt 0 do sth0r givеs ouеХсit in8еW dеаs

invisibiIityhn vrzэ bIlоti/ U] hе асt0r stаtе fbеing nаbiе o bе sееnwith hе humаn yе

look /1оk/ С] fаshioп r sIу|е: he hop hоs а nеwlook to аppеаl to уoungеrсustomеr'.

modеI 'mndl/ С] person hosеob s o wеаr ndshownew tуlеs f с|othesnd be photogrаphedWеarlпghе m

modeIIing .mоdэlrц/U] hеwork f а fаshionmodеl

outIinе aс.itlaтn/С] dеsсription f the mostimportаntасts r dеаs bout th

peaсoсk .pi:kok/ С] lаrgе irdwithbеаutifu|on gbIuе ndgreenаiI eаthеrshаt t саn ift p аndspreаd ut

photograph Гаоtэgrо:f/ С] piсture hаt s tаkenWith саmеrа djeсtivе:hotogГаph

/ fэсitэ.grаеГrk/рhoto-storу ГэUtэustэ:ril С] story 0Id hrough

photogrаhspIot plot/ [С] еriеs f eVеntsWhiсh orm hе story

of а novе|' i|m,еtс:Тhеplау hаd а vеrуwеаkplot.

predator prеdэtэ/ С] n аnimа| hаtkiIIs nd еаtsothеr nimа|s

preу /prеI/ U, ing.] n аnimа|, bird, tс. hаt shunted, i lIed nd eаten уаnothеr

rеpresentation 'rеprIzеn.tеIJn/С] he wаy hаtsb/sthsshown r dеsсribеd;omеthinghat hows0r desсribеsth

safеty sеIfti/ u] hе stаtе f being afе;not bеingdangerousr n dаngеr

speсies 'spi:Ji:z/С] group f p|аnts r аnimа|sthаt rеа| l hе sаme nd hat anhаvе аbies(brееd)ogether

spine sparn/ С] nе of thеshаrp oints ikе ееdlеsfound n somеp|аnts nd аnimа|s

stiсk inseсt/ stlk Insеkt/ С] |argensесtWithаIong hinbody hаt ooks ikе st iсk

storуboard ,stэ:ribэ:d/ С] sеriеs f drаwings rpiсturеshat how hеout| inе fa story

stripe /stlarp/ С] |oпg аrrow inеof сolоursurvivaI sа.vaIvl/U] hе tаtе f сontinuingo Iivе

or еХist, ftеn еspitе iff iсuItyr dangervarietу /vэ'тarэti/ С] numbеrof diffеrеnt ypеs f

thеSame hing еrb: агу

VеrbsappеaI э,pi:l/ арpеа|o slr) o attraсt r ntеrest bassign э saln/togive th o sb, 0 givе b а

pаrt iсU|аr0b o do nouГl: ssignn]еntassoсiate э'sоUJiеIt/ 0 mаkеа сonnесtion etween

peop|е r hingsn yourmindattraсt/э'tr@kt/ o саuse b/sth o go o sthor givе

attеntiOn0 st hсrеate kгi.elt/ o саUse th nеW o hаppen r еXi5t

аd]есtiVe:rеаtiVedevelop/dт,vеlэp/o mаkepiсtUrеs r леgаtivеs

fromа рiесе f i|mby using pесia|hеmiсaIsevoIve i'volv/ to dеveIop r to make th devе|op

grаduаlIy,romа simp|еo а more dvалсеdor mhidе/haтd/ o gosomewherеhеrе ou hopе ou

wiIlnotbe sееn r ound

iIIustrate Ilэstеlt/o еХp|аin r mаke th с|eаr уusing xаmp1еs,iсtUresr diаgrаmsinvent /rn vеnt/ to sаyor desсribе th hat s not

trUеpуoteсt plэ'tеkt/ to kееp b/sth afе rom dаnger,

to dеfеnd b/sth

provide/prо'vald/ o givе th o sb or mаkе thаvailаb|еor sb o use; o offеr th

reaсt/ri.аekt/ o do or sау5thbeсаUse f sth hаt hаs

hаppеned r been'аid |oU||:р4( iO lrepresеnt rеplr'Zеnt/ o dеsсribе b/sth n а

pаrt|сU|аrауsatisfy 's:etIsГar/o mаkе b p|еаsеd y doingor

giving im/her hаthе/sheWants oUп:5аtrsfсtioП 'slэtIs'fеkJn/

skеtсh SkеtJ/а hortdеsсription ithout ny detai|s:l sat on thegrаssаnd sketсhed he саstle.

survive sэ'varv/ 0 сontinUеo Iivе r еxistn orаftеr diff iсult r dаngеroUsituаtion

symbolise 'sImbэlaIz/ o reprеsentth

Adjесtivеsamatеur zеmэtэI/ one, r doing th, 0rp|еаsUre

(not or money s а job)

attraсtive э'tтiЕktrv/ hаtp|еasеsr ntеrеstsou;thаt ou i| 'e pU{).i '(, 'trа|аr it ebIurred blз:d/ otсlеаr;WithoUt с|еаr ut| inеbroader 'brэ:dэ/without |ot f dеtаi|;enerа|сIеar k1тэ/а5y o 5ее r hеar ppositе:nсеа rсIose.up'klэus p/ аt or romа vеrу hort istаnсе

to sb/sth(ommon 'kоmэn/hаppeningftеn; х ist ingn

|аrge umbеrь r n mаnуp|аrеьonоti|с,Unс0mnlon

сompliсatеd 'komphkeItId/d ffi u t o understаndor deа|with:о novеlwithа vеrу ompliсаtеd lot.

сountIess kar'intlэs/ еrymаnydesignеr dт'zarnэ/ аdeby а fаmous еsignеr;

еxpеnsivend hаving fаmous rаnd аmеdetailed ,di:tеrld/ iv ingnformаtionboUt

individuа|асts r tеmsessentiaI I'sеn.[l/omplеte|уeсеssаrу;hаtyou

musthаvе r do 0рpо5itс:| lеsseIlt|а|expensive Ik spеnsIv/ osting |otof monеy

сlрlpоsitе:nехpеnsivе,hеаpfake /Гетk/mаdе o look Iike th e|se: aсkеt n

fаkе Jurglamorous 'glеmэrэs/ еspeсiа|lyttrасtiVend

exсit ing,nd diffеrеntromordinаrуhings rpеop|е

heIpful 'hеlpfl/giv ing e| pheIpless'hеlplэs/ nаb|еo tаkе аre f уoursеif r

do hings ithout he hе|p f othеr еop|еIega| .I i:gI/sing r сonnесtеd ith hе аW

oppоsitе.|еgа|mature mэ,tJoэ;mэ'tjoэ/1 fu||y rown r u||у

dеvе|opеd behаvingn а sеnsible du|twа yoрpos е: nlmаtUrе

muItiсuIturaI.mdti 'kdtJorэl/ oror nсludingpеopIe f mаny iffеrentасеs,angUagеs,е| igion5аnd trаditions:We ive n а multiсulturаl oсietу.

natural 'netJrэl/ |eхist ingn nаturе; otmаdеorсаusеd y hUmаn5 nоrma|; syouWoUId xpесt

orgаnised c:genalzdl nvoIvingаrgе umbers fpeoр|е hoWork ogethero do sth n а wаy hа thаsbееn аrеfu||y|аnnеd ppostе: isorgапisеd

peaсeful 'p i:sf l/ otwanting r nvo|vingаr ,v|0|еnсеr аrgument

responsibIerr spоnsэbl/ aviПghе ob or duty fdеа|ing ith b/sth' o hаt t s your аu|t f sthgoеs ,vrongppOsrtе:геsponsibJе

spiky 'sparki/ аving hаrp ointssuссessfuIsэk'sеsfl/hаving сhievedWhаt ouwanted; аviпg есomе opu|аr,iсh, tс .oрpоstе: nsuссеssfuI



traditionaI trэ'dIJаnl/ еingpаrtof thе bеliefs,сustoms r Way f ifeof а pаrt iсu|аrroup fpеop|е,hathаveЛot hangеdorа long imе

tуpiсaI 'tщrkl/hаving r showinghе usuа| ualit iеs

of а part iсu|аrеrson,hing г ypеwonderfuI 'wдndэfl/extremеIуood; аntastiсworthless .wз:0lэs/ аving o vа|uе r us e

Adverbs

personaIIy 'pз:sэnэli/usеd o show hаtyouаreеxprеssingourownopinion

Phrasal Vеrbsсar]yon (цith |hdoing Ih t0 (onLinUe

drop out (ofsth) o |еаvе r stopdoing th bеfore

уouhavе inishеdfaIl/getbehind (with th) o fаiI o pауor do sthаt

thе right imе: 1е's аlIеnbehindwithhis sсhoo|work аgоin.

faIIover o suddеn|уtop tаnding nddrop o hеgrou d

gеt ahеad (of b) o makeprogrеssfuгthеrhanothershаvеdone): e soongotаhеadof theothеr' in his сlаss.

goon

(аboutb/sth)o

talkаbout b/sthorа |ongtimе n а boring r аnnoуingwaу..hewеnt n

аnd on аbout thеpeoplеshe workswith.go out (Withb) o spend imе egu|аrlyith b,

hаving romаntiс nd/or еxuаl е|аtionship:s

Fionа goingout with onуonе?Iivе up to sth to bе asgoodаs eхpeсIed..hildrеn

somеtimеs 'ind t hаrd to livе up to thеir parеnts'

ехpесtations.relate to sb/sth o bе аble o Undеrstаndnd hаvе

sуmpаthyWith b/sthsend sth out to produсе th, uсh s Iight, s ignа|,

sound tс.stаnd for sth to bе аn abbreviаtionr symboIor sthstandout to bеeаsi|у ееn r notiсed

ldiomshave/pIay part ( in th) o bе nvoIvеdn sth: hе

pIaysn aсtivе аrt n oсaI oIit iсs.

ar Or-UNIT Z

Nounsattitude l'rrтtju:dl [С] hе way hаtyou hink, eе|

0r DеnаvесeIеbration ,sеh'brеIJn/ с] hе aсt or oссаsion f

doing thеnjoyаb|еесausethgoodhа 5happеnеd r beсаusеt sa spесiа|аyvеrb:сe| brаtе

сonfidenсe 'konfIdэnУ [U] rustor strong e|ief nуoursеlf/sb/sth:hаd no сonfidenсе n mуse|Jаt

sсnooI.сontroI kэn'trэоl/ [U] hе powеr r abiIitуo mаke

sb/sth o Whаt ouWaпtdесision /dl'sI5n/ С] сhoiсe r Udgemеnthаtyou

mаkе fter hinking bout аrious ossibiI it iеs

eхpeсtation 'еkspеk tеIJn/ С,usua||y |] hopе

thаtsthgoodwi||hаppen: he еventdid not ivе

up to mу eхpесtafloЛs.еrb: еХpeсtсheerfulness 't.[rэflnеs/U] he ее|ing f bеing

happy ndshowingthen party/'hеn pс:til [с]а party or womеnonlу'

еspесiа||ynе hе|d orа Womаn howi|| oon еt

mаrr|еd

pessimist 'pesrmlst/ С] pеrsonwhoaIwаys hinksthаtbаd hings iI lhаppеn r hаt thwilIbе no tbе suссessf|аdjесtivе:еssimi5t|с

stag night /'steg naIt/ [С] hе nightbеforе mаn'swedding, ftеn pentwithhismаlе riends

stereotype 'steriэtaтp/С] fixеd dеааboutapагtiсu|аrypе f реrson r hing,whiсh softеnn0t rUе n rеаlitу djесtive:tеreotypiсаl/ stеriэ.tryIkl/

stress stres/ U]prеssure r worry аusеd y hе

probIemsn sb.s if е

Vеrhsbother /'bDбэ/ o disturb, nnoуor \\orrу b:Don,t

bothеr Gееtаwith that now - shе,sbusу.сope /kэop/ (with b/sth)o dealsuссеssfuIlyithа

diffiсuItmatter r situаtion: he omеtimesinds tdift'iсu|t o сopеwith all thеprеssurе t work.

drizz|e drrzll to rаin ight|yWith erу ma|| ropsmatter /'mЕtэ/ ftosb) o bе mportаnt:t doеsn,t

mattеr to mе that he orgot mу birthdау.moan /mэon/ to mаkeа |ow oundbесаUseouаrе

in pаin, еrу ad, tс 'overwheIm 'эovэ'wеlm/ usuаI|yаssivе)o саusе

sb o ееI uсh strong motion hаthe/shе oе s

not knoWhoW o rеaсt:Нe elt сompletelуoverwhelmеdbу their kindness.

resent rr'zеntl o fееlаngrуаboutsth beсаuse ou

think t is Uпtair: rеsent he oсt that he hаs beеnpromotеdovеr mе.

Adjeсtivesсonsсious konJэs, used bolt аrl ion., ее| ing>.

еtс.) е| ibеrаtend сontro| led:o mаkеaсonsсiousdесision

defensive dI еnsrv/ сting n а Wаy hatshows hаtyoUexpесt b tOattaсk r сrlt|с|sеoU

honеst ,onrst/used bout pегson)е| l inghetruth; ot yingo pеop|е r stеа| ing

horrified /'hоriГard/ ХtrеmеIуhoсkеd, isgustеd r

frightenеd: wоs horriJiedbу the сonditions nwhiсh theу ivеd.optimistiс /'оptI'mlstlk/еХpесtingood hings o

hаppеn r sth Obе suссessfu|;howinghis eeIingpessimistiс ,pеsI'mтstrk/xpeсting аd hings o

hаpрen r sthnot o bеsuссеssfuIprеssurised 'pre эralzdl made o fее| hatyou

hаvе o or shouId o st hupbeat .,tpЬi:t/osit iVеnd enthusiast iс;аking

уou еe| hаt he UtUrе ilIbе good

AdverbsenthusiastiсalIy m'0ju:zi,asttkli/ n а Wаy hat

shows ou аrе ехсited nd nterеStеdn sthаdjeсtivе:nth siаst iс

eventuaIlyr'vеntJuэl i/n thееnd; i nа||у: e

evеntuaIlуmоnоged o pеrsuаdehis pаrеntsto |еthim buу а motorbike.

feеbIy .fi:bli/with no еnеrgу r powеr;wеak|y

аdjесtivе:ееb|.^hurriedIy 'h,trldli/quiсk|y: hurriеdlу ot up аnd

dressеd.ironiсalIy ar'rоnIkl7 n а Way hаtshows oUmean

the oppositе f What ou sау djесtivе:roniсmiserabIy 'mrzтэbli/ n аn unhаppу '|aУ:starеd

miserаblу ut of thewindow. djeсtive: iserаb|esmoothIy 'smu:б1ilWithout ny diffiсu|tу:

Еvеrуthing аn smoothlу whilе thе bosswаsаwоу.аdjесtivе:mooth

steadiIy 'stеdl1i l rаduа|lyndаt а regu|аrаtе:IJnemploуmеnt аs risеn steаdilуsinсеАpril 200З.

аdjесtivе:tеаdуunfortunateIy лn'Гэ:tJэnэtl7 sеd o sаy hаt а

pагtiсu|аrituаtionr асtmаkеs ou ador

disappointеd,r gеts ou ntoа diff iсuItosit ion

IdiomsсIear he air to mprovе diff iсu|tr еnsе ituаtion

by а|king onеstIy boutWorriеs, oubts, tс:,л '

surе J уou disсuss ourJeelin4swith hеr t willhelp to сlеаr thе оir bеtweеn ou.

go wrong,| o makе mistаke to ехpеrienсеdiffiсU|ties: heir elоtionship5tаrtеd ogo wrongwhen thеу movеd аbroоd.

Ioseyour tempеr to beсomе eryаngryon the one hаnd ... on the other (hаnd) sеd or

showing ppositе oints f view:on thе oneh0nd,

сars аre verу usеful.Оn the otherhоnd, thеусаusе

а huge оmount of pollution.

Unit 3

Nounsaсid rain /'tеsrd rеIn/[С] аin hаt hаsсhеmiса|sn

it from aсtories, tс.аndthаt сausеs amаge o

trees, uiIdingsnd rivеrsaсrohat /'сkrэbаеt/ С] personwho pеrforms

diff iсuIt ovеmentsf thеbodу, spесiа||уn а

showwhiсh rаVе|so differеntowns а irсus)anorak /,аеnэrаk/ С] short oаtwith а сovеringor

уourheаd hatproteсtsou rom аin'windаn d

сo|0ape le:rplс]a typеof animа| ike largеmonkey

With o aiI r onlyа vеrу hort аi lavaIanсhe 'avэlс:nJ / [С] vеrу аrgе mount f

snow hаt | idеsUiсk|yown hе idе f а mountaiлaxe /aks/ [с]а too|with a woodenhаnd|е nd а

hеаVy еtаI еаdwitha shаrp dgе, sed or

сUttingWood' |С..n iсe aхebark /Ьо:k/1 [С] he Ioud, hort oisе r noisе5hа t

dogsmаkе2 [U] hе hardoutеr ovеring f а trееbinoсulars br'nоkjэlэz/ pl] n instrumеntWith wo

glass arts еnsеsj hiсh ou ook hroughn ordеr

to make bjесtsn thedistanсeеemnеarеrbrink /brIцk/ С] f уouаrеоп hе brink f sth, ou

arеа|mostn а verynew, хсit ingr dangerous5|1Uаtion

bungee umping /'blnd3i d3,tmpщ/ U] sport n

whiсh personumps romа highp|асe,uсh s а

bridgе r a с| iff, ith long opeWhiсh anstrеtсh(аbungее),iеd o hisor her еet

сage kеId3/ С] boхmаdeof bаrsor wirе,or а

spасе urroundеdywireor metаl аrs,n whiсh

birdor аnimаl s kеpt o hat t саnnot sсapeсaIIing 'ko:1т1/С] strong еsirе r feeling f dutyto do а pаrt iсulаr,job,spесiа||ynе n whiсh ou

hе|p thеr еopIесampaign kam'peIn/ [с]а p|аn o do а numbеrof

thingsn ordеr o асhiеve spесial im:aл

аdvеrtisi g/еleсtion аmpа gn vеrb: саmpaign

сaptivity /kap'tIvэti/ [U] hеstаtе f bеingkеpt n аplaсe hаtуouсannotesсаpе rom:Wild аnimаlsоre ot'tenunhаppу n сaptivitу.Vеrb:саpturе

сhemiсaIpoIlution/'kеmIkl pэ'lu:Jn/ [lJ]poisonoushemiса|ubstаnсеshаtmаkе ir,wаter, oi|, tс.dirty

сompass .k,tmpоs/ С] n instrumentor inding

direсtion, ithа nееdle hаt |Wаysoints orth

(D



€ФЁ $ervаt iоm'kоnsэ'vеrJn/ U] hе proteсtion fthe nаturа| or|d

|.йil9еfi,н;itiсгtis,t'kоnsэ vеrJэnrst/ С] pеrsonwho

bе|ievesn proteсtinghе nаturаl orldiiошtri[зшuiоtl'kоntrI bju:Jn/ С] omethinghat

уougivе, speсiаl|y oney r he|p, r do ogethеrWith ther eop|е,егiэ:OlltГ t]1е

desiLгшсtiillтdl'str,lkJn/ U] he асtionof dеstroуingsth ]сГl) '. iеsIrO

d]isаsterdI'zс:stэ/ С] n event hаtсаuses |otofhаrmor dаmаgе

сirошgh[ draut/ [С] longpеriоdWithout аinearllltiшаJt* з:Okwerk/ С] io|еntmovеmеnt f thе

еаrth'5 Urfасeеl]t]systrrfl'i:kаоsтstэm/ с]а|| he plаnts nd

аnimа|sn а part iсU|аrreа onsidеredogеthеrWith hеir urroUndings

eнlсi;lllgеrеерeсies In deInd3эd spi:.[i:z/ С]typе f аnimа|, lant, tс. hat s now n dаnger f

disappеaringrom hewor|dbr:соil ir lgхtiпсt iе;tliplсtiс,lпrk'strцk.[n/U] situаtionn whiсhа

p|ant' n аnimа|, wаyof Iifе tс. tops Хist ing'тit.5i ii( i / 'Гз:st еId/

[U]mеdiсаl е|p hаt ougivеto sb who s hUrt r || eforеhеdoсtor rrives:

first аid kit/сoursе,lJa,-e/flеэ/ С] hing hаtproduсеs bright ightOr

flаme,usеdespeсiа||y5a signa|: rеsсuеlarе,i шшс/flдd/[С] |аrge mountof Wаtеrhаt hаs

spreаd rom a river, hе sеа, tс. hаtсovers nаreаWhiсh houId е drу

1l.oос{Blaiш fu:d tJеrn/ С] sеriеs f Iivingсrеаturesn whiсh асh rеаturеаts heon еbеlow t n the еries

fшш".iilпg'f,tndIц/ U]mоnеу or а pаrtiсu|аrpurposе;he асtof providing onеу orsuсhpu p0se

;gilоfuаlтaгивilig glэobl .wэ:mlц/[U] he nсreаsе

in tеmpеraturеf theeаrth's tmоsphеre,hаt Sсаused у hе nсreаsef pаrt iсulаrаsеs,еspесia||уаrbon ioХidе

haюсiAeilhаndlэ/ [С] pеrsonwhotrаins ndсontroIsnimа|s,spесiа| lyog s

lilе iссagзter,hеhkорtэ/ С] smа|| irсrаft hаtсango strаight p nto heаir.Hе|iсoptersаve ongthinmеtа| аrts n t0p hаtgo round'

Ji1iршт[тel,llriaharpэ'0з:miэ/ U] mеdiса|сondit ionn whiсh h'e ody еmperаtures muсh|owerhаnnormа|

jшьзg e'd3lцgl/[С] thiсk orеstnа hot ropiсaIс0U try

lтtissiоtl mIJn/[с]аn imp0rtаnt ffiсiа|ob thаtsbis sеnt omeWhеreo do, spесiаlIyo аnOthеrсo ntrу

iilоЁзilе 'mэr;Ьa:1rlС] а|so lobi с 1-rllоtltJte|ephonеhаtdoеs оt hаvеwires nd works уrаdio,hаt ouсаnсarrywithуouаnd usеаnywherе

l;i,i liс]t 'эt1 lrki [С] n аrеаof oiI hаt loаts n thеseа,UsUа|lyfter ship аrrying iI hаs rаshеd

с,ra ,DЕ.t taшэ:,rr1u: tеn/ [С] n аnimа| ikе |аrgеmonkеуWith ro аii аЛаp..;, ith ong rms ndreddish аir, hаt ivеsл Bornеo ndSUmаtrа

p;lrаgliс iпg'pаrэglaIdlц/ [U] sport n whiсhyouWеаr speсiаl truсtUrеikе pаrасhute,um pfromа p|аne r а highplaсе nd аre аrriеd longbу hеwindbеforе oming own о еаrth

'r,]еi l lr ip lenti/ U] largе mOUnt;smUсh r аsmаny syouneed

;lс l l lui l iоl lpэ' lu:Jn/U] hеасtion f makinghе аir,Wаter,tс. irty nddаngerous

,'.:ii,i;io;т:st'rеlnfоrтst/ С] thiсk orеstn tropiса|pаrts f heWor|dhаthаvе lotof rаin

l е,]i;lLоi]Ёtаtl]оn'ri:а'bIh'tеlJn/ U] hе proсеss fhelpingb o hаVе normа|,sеfu|ifе gаin fterhе/she аsbeеn еry || r n prisonor а |ong

timе, еintroduсingn аnimаl o thеwiIdrе еаse rr i:s/[С] hе reeing f sb/sth r the stаteof being reed

;l;sсше rеskju:/ С] he aсt OfsаVing b/sth romаsituаtionhat s dаngеrousr unpIeаsалt

l,i.,sеаl"с:llrr'sз:tp[U]detаi|еd лd саreful tudy fsth o tlndout morе nformаtionbout t

risk rrsk/ с] hе posibiI ity f sthbаdhаppеningtsomе imе n thе uturе; situаtionhаt oUId еdаngеrousr hаvе bad еsu|t

l";gэl-"rэop/ |С] erу trong hiсkstringmаdеbytwist inghinner trings, irеs, tс. ogеthеr

siтe sart/ С] p|aсеWhеrе thhashаppеned r hаtis used orsth

sutiiь.lg'ski:lr;/ U] hе sportOrасtivjty f movingover now n skts

r1"'eрiюgilag 'sli:pIц bzеg/ с]а thiсkwаrmbаgthаt ou usе or s|ееpingn, oreхаmp|e hen ouаrе аmping

snовvhоarсlilrg'snэoЬэ:dIц/ U] he sportofmoviлg ver noW n а |ong idеboаrdаsпоll ' ' i loакl;

$тa]tr}ati@.]rstс: vеrJn/ U] uffering r dеаthbесаusеhеre s notеnough ood

sl(;itus stеItas/ U] oursoсiа| r profеssionа|posltionП rеgаrd o othеrpеoplе: hе nеw obgоvehim muсh morеstatu;.

st-rlppliеsse'plalzl [pl] he things uсhаs ood'mediсines,uеl, tс. hаtarеneеded yа group fpеop|е,or eХаmple n army r еxpеdit ioп

sсirviыaflsэ'vaтvl/ U] he state f сontinuing o Iiveor ехist, ften n spiteof diffiсulty r daПgеr:hе

flght or survivаl егll sr гvvet .аrii ti:ш/ [С] groupof pеop|еwho work ogether

at а pаrt iсU|аrobi(nt /tеnt/ С] sma|| truсture аdе f с|othhat s

hе|d p bу poIes nd ropеs. oUUsе tеnt o sIeepInWhеn oUgoсаmpIng'

.riill]altтаve 'taIdl wеlv/ [С] vеry аrgе сeаnwаvethаt s саUsеd уа storm r an еаrthqUаkеndthаtdestroyshings hеn t rеасhеshе |аnd

tia /tall [с]а stron8 onnесti0n etween еople ro ga sаtions

.[оrmaеiitl/tэ:'neldэo/ С] vioIеnt tormwitha verystrong ind hаtb|owsn а сirс|е

irepezl /|rэ'pi:z/ С] woodеn r mеtа| аr hаngingfrom wo opes igh bove heground, sеd y

pеrformеrsасrоbаtsjvolс;'пliс i.tili,tiФпvpl'kianIk r'r,tpJn/ С] noссаsion hеnburningoсks,mоke, sh, tс. rеthrown Utof а vo|саno

i'tiiс;llrо vol kеmэсl/[С] mountаinwith а |аrgеopеning t he oр hrough hiсh аsеs nd ho tIiquid oсk Jаtlа'rе оrсеd ut nto hеаir, rhаvе ееn n thepаst

t'vеhsitе'wеbsaIt/ С] p|асе onneсtеdo thеIntеrnеt, hеrе с0mpаnу r аn 0rgаnisаti0n,rаn ndividuа|еrson, Uts пformationhаt аnbefound n hеWorldWideWеb

itопngstLе.'/'j,tцstэ/С] youngperson

Verbs

ajfoгd э'fэ:d/f yousаy hаt ouс.l i l ' t т1ci l o dosth, oUmeаn hаt ou shoUId otdo t bесаusеtwi|| аusе robIemsoryou f уoudo

:lssеssэ,sеs/o udgе r ormаn opinion bout thIlot] l ] i]5st]ss.j lеi lt

d*сreаsе dт.kri:s/о bесomе r mаkе th beсomеsmа||еrn 5izе, Umbеr,tс ,

iвtсrеаsеrn'kri:s/ 0 bесomе r mаke th bесomе

grеаtеrn size, umbеr, tс.ФE]tgfФW'aot grэсi/ o bесomе ooo|dor oobi gforsth

оvые эo/ o hаvе o pаymoney 0 sb forsth hаthe/shе аsdonеor givеn

;.еlhаhjf;itaieri:э'brlItетt/o heIp b to Iivеnormа| ifе gаin ftеr n ||леss,eing n prisоn,hе|pingn аnimа| o surviven thеwi|d

sаиe /sеIv/ O kееp b/sth аfe romdеаth,hаrm,IOss, tс.

swЁшgswrч/ o movebасkwаrds r forwаrds r fromsidе о sidеwhiIe аngingromа tiхеd oint; omаkе thdo hi5

tгаj,1 treIn/ o teасhа pеrson r аn аnimа| o do sthwhiсh s diff iсu|tr whiсhneеds rасtiсе

.tтiriсl.t/wIntJ/ o Iift b/sth p лto heаir usiпg

rl ir lс l l - а mасhinе hаt ifts r pullsheаvyobjeсts sing thiсkсhain, ope, tс.)

Adjeсtivеs;rggв.еssiъ.*а,qrеsIv/ еаdу r Iikе|уo fightOrаrguehLrа;vеbrerv/wi||ingo do hings hiсh rеdiff iсu|t '

dаngеrousr pаinfu|;otаfrаidсarе еss.kеаlэs/ otgiving nough tteпtionnd

thoUghto Whаt OU redoing, o hаt ou mаkemistаkеs1lрositе:. lгеlL l

с:harвmirзg'tJo:mтц/ery |еаsingrаttrасtivес]o:* klэus neаr nspаte r ime€ФЕfl ь'аgrФxlskэ rеId3эs/ аving ourаgе: rаvefaint-fucartеti fеrnt 'hс:trd/|асking onfidелсе

аnd notbravе, frаid f fаiI ing

gеm&Eе'd3entl/ usеd bout еoplе) indалd са|m;touсhing r trеаtingеopIe r thingsn а саrefuIWаy 0 hаt heу rе ПothUrt

]:аr. l l fh[ho:mП саusing аmаgе r njur1 osb/sth,spесiаlIyo a person'5еа|th r o hееnVionment

hеBрfшlhеlpI1/ iv ing е| plте р ess'hеlplэs/ nаb|е0 аke аrе f yoursеlf r

do hings ithout hе heIp f othеr еopIehо;пelrss hэomlэs/ hаving owhereo ive;

Without homеitшgе hju:d3/ еrybigsеlf.sш .tiсiеrзt,sеlГ э fl.[эnt/ b|е 0 produсе r

providе Vеfуthinghаt ou nееdwithout е| pfrom, r hаving o buy romothers

5€:Eе 5l'\ э e\тrcmc|)аdor >eriout:осiaЬlе 'sэсi.[эbl/njoying еingWith thеr

pеop|е;riеndIysоlitаrу 'solэtri/ used bout persoП r аn

аnimа|) njoуing eing |onе;rеquеntiуpеndingtimеаlone

stвесеssfщl]sэk,sеsfl/ аving сhiеvedWhаt ouWаntеd; аVing есomе opu|аr,iсh, tс,

t imy 'taIni/ еry mаlItФшght^t7 iff iсult; аving r саusing rob|еmsь:se{шflju:sf l/ hаt anhelp oU 0 do or асhieve

Whаt oUwanI.. usеful аrdеn oo|оpроsi|е;t] с ss

i'y.$[,t$rywз:di/ hаtshould есеve еspeсt,Upportor аttеntlon: worthу ause

ldiomsсiJtt:'i1,чеtоlli rпl.вlсio сhаngе your dесision or

0pInIoП

[.l;:i,,еошtс ;i l l i]i iЁ. ;]lj to hаve mаdе а |ot ofprogrеss..Wе'vе сomе а long wау sinсе thе еalу

dауs oJ thе projесt'

flсsr" lсll lr ]tФt (..]i0 |osе а speсiа| skiIl or аbiIity

@



Phrаsal еrbs(omе up with sth o findаn аnswer r а soIutlono

st h0ie out Lodisаppeаrr slopе\iЬtingfinish b/sth ff to ki lI b/sth;o bе hе hing hа t

mаkes b unаb|e o сontinue: hе сatp|aуеdwith

thе mousеbeforе 'inishing t oJf.give th awaу o givе th o sbWithout аnting nу

monеy n rellrп Wеаregiving awaу а free СD

with this month,s ssuе'go off to еxp|ode: bombhаsgoneofJ n theсitу

сеntre.heIp b out to hе|p b n а diff iсult itUаtion;o giVe

monеy 0 he|p bIеave th to sb to give th o sb whеnуoudiе: n hЬ

wilI he еft еverything o his two sons.

set sth up to 5tаrt bus|nеss'аnrgаn|sаt|on,sysIem' tс.

sniff sb/sthout to disсovеr r find sb/sth y using

уour еnsе f smеll

Unit 4

Nounsadvert /'advз:t/ [С]= ADVЕRТ|sЕN4ЕNТаdvertisement эd'vз:trsmэnt/ С] piесеof

informаtionn a nеwspaper,n e|еVision,piсture n а wаl|, tс. hаt riе5 o pеrsuаdеeop|е

to buy th, o ntеrеsthem n а nеW ob, tс .

advertisiпg .вdva|alzlt1l U] hе асtivity nd

industry f аdvепisinghings o peop|е n

television,n nеwspаpers,n the Intеfnet,tс '

aeriaI 'eэriэl/ С] pieсе f equipmеnt аde f

wireor ong trаight iесes f mеtа|or есеiving

or sеndingаdio nd е|еvisionignа|sart iс le ,o:t lk l/ С] pieсе f Writ ingboUt

pаrt i(u|аrubiесln а nеWspаperr mаgаziпе(the)bottom line / bоtэm .laп'

lsing]hеmost

importanthing o сonsidеrr ассept hen OU rе

disсussingr dесiding th,еtс: musiсаl nstrumеnt

shou|d ook oodbut thеbottom ine s how t sounds.

btoadсast 'brэ:dko:st/ С] rаdioor te|evisionprogrаmmеerb: roаdсаst

broadsheеt .brэ:d.[i:t/С] newspаpеr rintеd n a

|аrgе izе f pаpе1 еnerа| lyonsidеred or e

sеrioushan5ma||erеWsраpersсhannеI tJrэnl/ с]

l а tе|еvisionIal|oп.. hlt'son

Сhаnnеl tonight? а bаndof rаdiowаves sеd

forsеnding ut аdio r tе|еvisionrogrаmmеs:

sаtеlIte/ tеr estr0 сhоnnе|sсhat show / tJеt .[эu/ С] tе|evision r rаdio

progrаmmеn whiсhwel|-kпowneop|е rе

invitеd o а|k bout hemsеlvesсoIIeague'kоli:g/ С] pеrson ho wоrks t he

samе |асe syo UсoIumnist 'kolэmnIst/ С] journalist howritеs

regu|аrrt lсIesn а nеw>pаperr mаgаzinе

сorrespondent 'kоrэ'spondэnt/ [С] pеrsonwhoprovidеsеws r writes rt iс|еsorа newspаpеr,

еtс, spесiаl lyromа forеign ountrу

сurrеntaffairs /'klrаnt э'Геэzl[р|]mpoпаntpoIit iсаlr soсiа| vеntshаtаrehаpрening t hе

presеnIlm edесade / dеkеId/ С] pеriod f tеnyеars

direсt debit /'darтэkt 'dеbtt/ [с,U] n Ordero y0ur

bаnk hаt |Iowsb elsе o аkеmonеy Utof уourассoUntn сertаln аtеs

DYD / di: vi: di:/ |С] disсwith diffеrепt ypеs f

informаtionn t,еspесiа||уhotogrаphsnd

vidеo,hаt аnbе used n а сompUtеrshortor

'digitоl video disс,;or 'digitаl vеrsati|е isс,):

DVDplayеr

editoriаI 'еdr'tэ:riэl/С] n art iс|еn а nеwspaper,

usuаlly rittеn у heheаd f the nеWsраpеrth е

еditor),iVing n opinion n аn mportantubjeсt

effесt r Геkt |{] rnаngehаt s аUsеd \ s|h:

rеsultevent r'vеnt/ С] omеthinghаthappens,speсiаl|y

sth mportаntr unusuа|faсtor /'Гаеktэ/С] ne of thе things hаt nflUеnсes

dесision,rLuаtionе1L' еprе\ ' ion a\a (ommon

fасtor in thеsе аsеstudiеs.finе /faтn/ С] sumof monеy hаtyOUhаVe o paY

forbreаking lawor ru|еgossiрсoIumn 'gosry kolэm/ [С] pаrtof а

nеWspаpеrr mаgаz|ne here Ou аn еаd bOut

theprivаteivеs f аmous eop|е

hall of residеnсe hэ:l эv 'rеzrdэns/ С] inсol|еgеs,

univеrsit ies,tс) bUiIding herе tudеntsiV e

headIine/ hеd1aIn/ с] hе tit|e f а newspаpеr

аrt iс|e rintеdn |аrgeеttеrs bovе hеstorу

mеdia 'mi:diэ/ pIurаl]e|еvision,аdio nd

nеWspаpеrssed sа mеаns f сommuniсаtion:Reports n thе medtаhаvе bееngreatlу

ехagqerаtеd.(thе) et /nеt/ thе ntеrnеt)sing] n ntеrnаtionа|

сomputеr еtworkonnесtingthеr еtworksnd

сompUtеr5rom ompаnies,nivеrsit iеs,tс .

news/nju:z/ U] nformаtionbout th hаthа s

happеnedeсеntIypoint pэInt/ of/ in th/doingth) U] hе mеаning,

rеason r purposе f sth.. hеre,s o point in

tаlking tо mу parеnts_ thеуnеvеr |istеn.proseсution prosrkju:J'n/ U,С]he proсеss f

off iс iаl lyhаrgingbWith сrime nd of trуing o

show hаthe/shеsgui|tу,n а сourt f аwquiz show/ kwrz .[эo/ С] сompetition r gаmeon

te|еvislonn whithpcop|еrv o аn\Weruestionь

t0 tеst heir nowledgеreсordingstudio /rl'kэ:dr1 stju:diэo/ С] room

wherеmusiс s rесordеdrеfund /'ri:Г,tnd/ С] sumof monеу hаt s pаid

bасk oyou, spесiаlIyf уouhаvе aid oo muсh

remote сontrol /fl'mэUt kэn'trэtrl/ (аlso nformа|

rеmotе) С] dеviсe hаt а||owsou o opеrаtе

teIevision,tс, rom distаnсe

sateIIite ,stttэ1aIt/С] n е|есtroniсеviсе hаt s

sent nto paсe nd movеs roundhе еаrth r

аnotherp|аnetor a pаrtiсu|аr urpose..аte|litе V(= еlеvisionhаt s broаdсаstsing аtelI itеs)

set.topbox /.sеt op boks/ [С] dеviсе hаt

сhаnges digitа|еlеvisionignaInto form

whiсh аnbе sеen n аn ordinаryе|evisionеt

site /saтt/ С] p|асе n thе ntеrnеtWherе

сompаnу,n orgаnisаtion,unIVers|ty,tс. ut sinformаtion

soaр opera /'sэсlp оpтэ/(аlso nformаl oаp) С]story boUt hе ivеs nd prob|еmsf a group fpeop|e hiсh ontinuеsеverаIimеs week n

tе|еvisionr rаdiospirits / sprтrts/ pl] hе nаte of mindof s|J|sth o bе

in high/Iowspirits (- ;n u happу/sad mood)

station/ stеrJn/ С] rаdioor tе|evisionompаnу

аnd heprogrаmmеst ]roаdсаstssubstitutе 's,tЬstrtju:t/С] pеrson r thing hаt

tаkеshe p|асe f sb/sth |s еtаbloid /'tablэrd/ [С] newspapеr ith smа|| agеs,

а |ot f piсturеsnd short rt|с|е5

tenanсyagreement 'tеnэпsIэ'grr:mэnt/ С] hе

right o I iVеn а house r room hаt ou еn t

transmitter tlаэns'mltэ/ С] pieсe f eqUipmеnt

that5еnds ut elесtroniсignaIs,е|еvisionr rаdiopr0grammеs,tс .

trivia / trтviэ/ U]Unimportаnt atters, еtаiIs r

informationТY liсenсе /'ti: vi: laтsns/ С] n offiсiа| oсumеnt

thаt shows hatyoUhаVepеrmissiono Use ТV sеt

video reсorder / vтdiаo тI kc:dэ/[с]а pieсe f

еquipmеnthаt ou Use o reсord nd p|аy i|msandТV progrаmmesп vidео

Verbsaсhieve /э t.[i:V/o сompIete th bу hardWork nd

skil ladmit/эd'mIt/ oаgrее hаt thunp|еаsаnts ruеor

thаt ou hаvе onе thwrongalIoсate ае1эkеlt/o givе th o sb аs his/her hаrе

Or o deсidе o usе th orа pаrt iсu|аrurposе

appeаl э'pi: l/ seriousеqUеstor sth ou nееd r

want еrуmuсhappIy э pla/ to ask or sth n writ ing

avoid /э.vэrd/ o prеVеnt th hаppеning r to try not

to do sth

ban /bеn/ (sb romdoing th) o offiсial|yаy hаtsth s notа||owed,ften y аwnoun: аn

devote/dт'vэot/ уourse|f/stho sb/nh) o givea lot

Of ime,еnеrgy' tс, o Sb/sth: еvеrаl оgеs f thе

nеwspapеrwerе devotеd o rеportsof thе roуаl

wеddng. lou :dеvоtlonenсourage тn'k,trrd3/o givеhopе, UpportOr

сonfidеnсeo sbestabIish r,stеblт.[/o stаrt r сrеаtе n

orgаnisаtiоn, sуstеm, Iс.. hе сhoo|wаs

estаblishеd n 1875.fine /faтn/ o finе sb (for th/doing th).. е was inеd

Е50 or driving without Iights.gathеr 'grбэ/ (Used bout еoplе)0 с0me r Dе

br0Ughtogethеrn а group: hе рrotеstеrsgаlhеrеd n lhе own \quarе

grab grrb/ to аkе dvаntаgef an opрodUnitуodo or hаVе th

leap / l i:p/ еараt sth to ассеpt сhanсе r аn

opportunityuiсkly nd With nthu5|аsmmaintain /meln'tern/ to keер th n good

сoПdit iony сheсkingпd rеpаiriпgt regu|аr|y:

Тhehousе s |аrgеаnd ехpеnsivе a mrlintаin.

поrtt l:- l lаit ltеt lаt. lсeto kеep ayinghаt th s

truе, Vеn hoUgh thеr еoplе o notаgreе r do

nOt e| ievеtprоse(ute prоsrkju:t/ o oftiсiа||yhаrgе b withа

сrimеprove/pгu:v/ 0 U5е асts nd еvidеnсeo shoW hat

sth s ruеpublish / plblтJ/ to prеpare nd рrintа book,

mаgazine,tс. ndmakе t аvаiIablеo hеpubIiс

qualify /'kwоlrfa/ to hаvеor give b thе right o

hаvе r do sthreсeive rr si:v/ o gеtor ассеpt th hаt sb sеndsOr

grveso youreсord rI,kэ:d/o рUtmUsiс, f i|m, programme,

еtсonto а сD or саssetteo hаt t саn be Iistеnеd

t0 OrWаtсhеdgаin аtеrregard rrgс:d/ sb/sth/уouьeifssth) o thinkof

sb/sth/уoursеlfn thеwaymеnttoned:o}oUregаrdуoursе|fаs а thoroughworker?

rеnt /rеnt/ t0 pаymoneу or hе usеof |аnd,

buiIding,mасhinе,tс

(D



require /п'kwalэ/ (Often assivе)o offiсiа||ydеmаndor ordеr sth: P(]ssеngеrsrе rеquiredbу|аw to weаr sеаt bеIts.

se|есt sr' lеkt/o сhOosеb/sth, susa||yarеfu||y,fromа group f peoplе r hingsstare stеэ/ o |ook t sb or sth orа |ong imе

bесаusеouаrе urprised,hoсked,tс .strike /strark/ o hit sbЬthsurf sз:f/ suгfhе Net/thеЛternеt)o usе r Iook

for nformаtionn hе |ntеrnеt

Adieсtives(ommon 'kоmэn/hаppеningftеn; x ist ingn

lаrgе umbers r n mаnуp|асеsсommunа| 'kоmjоnl/ hаrеd yа group f peop|есostIу 'kostli/ сosting |оtof moпey; xpensiveсurrent kдrэnt/of thepresеntime;happеning

now.. u еn events/fа h onsdaily 'dеrl i/ аppеning,oneor produсеd vеrу

daу:а dаi|уpарergenеrous d3еnэrэshаpp\ o gi\emOrеmoПе}'

help' tс, hаn s usuа| r ехpесtеdineхpensive ,rnIk,spеnsrv/ow n priсеnumb nдm/notabIe o eе| nything; otаb|е o

moveobsessed эb'sest/ obsеssеdvithsb/sth) nаble o

stop hinking bout nything lsеpriсеIess praIslэs/ f vеrуgrеаt а|uerеalistiс ri:э rstIk/not rеalbut appеаringo bе rеаlrelevant .rеlэvэnt/ onneсted ith whаt s

hаppеningr bеing аlkеd boutsad /sеd/саusingb o eeI nhаppу rsorrу oryо useрarateIy ссupiеd/ sеprэtli 'оkjrrpaId/ room

in а rented ousе,orming Unitby tself, ith n

individuа|enаnсу greеmеnttight-f isted.talt f lstrd/ otwilI ingo spеnd r givemuсhmonеу;mеаn

valid 'vеhd/ sth hat s еgа||yr off iс ia||yассeptаb|e;hispаssports vа|id or onеуеоron|у.

weIl.off 'wеl оf/ riсh; аving |ot f mоnеyworthless ,wз:0lэs/ аving o vаlue r use

Advеrbsaссording o /э kо:dlч tэ bеfore owеls u..;ul as

nаtеd by sb; аs shown bу sth.. ссording o Мiсk,iLs а bril liаnt film.

f inaIly .Гamэli/ fter long imёor dе|ауfirstly /.fз:stli/ sеd o introduсеhе trstpoint n а

I stfurthermore fз:бэ'mc:/ |so;n addit ionhowever hao'еvэ/ usеd o introduсe stаtеment

that ontrа5t5ith h thаthаs ustbееn aid; utin сonсIusion In kэn klu:3nl ina||y;аst|уnevertheIess 'nеvэбэ'lеs/ n spitеof thаtseсondIy.sekэndli/ sedwheл ouаrеgiving our

seсond eаson r opinion; |sosIightly slartli/а iitt|е

ldiomsaII n aIIWhеn Vеrуthings сonsidеrеd:|| л оlI t

had Dеen grе1t uСсеss.without (a)douht definitе|y;еrtain|у:t Wd'

without doubt, thе сoldestwintеr or mоnу уeаrs.

ll ar

-UNIT 5

Nounsadvantage эd vо:ntrd3/ С] omethinghаtmаy

hе|p ou o do bеtterhаnothеr eop|еagent еid3эnt/ С] pеrsonwhose ob is o do

businessor а с0mpаnу r or аnothеr еrsonambit ion еm'brJn/ С] omеthinghаt oUVеry

muсhWаnt o hаvе r doaward /э wэ:d/ [С] prizе uсhаs monеу, tс. or sth

thаt b hаsdonеbenefit/ bеnlfit/ [С] n аdvаntagehаt sthgiVes oU;

a goodor usefu| ffесt hаt sth hаsbreakthrough 'Ьr.еrkoru:/С] n importаnt

disсovеrу r devе|opment: sсienti|tсbreаkth ough

сast kс:st/ sing] || hеасtorsn а p|аy,iIm, tс .(ostumе/ kostju:m/|с] he с|othеs orn bу асtors

in a plау r i|mdeparture/dl'po:tJэ/ С] fгom tIl) n асtion hat sdiffеrеntromwhаt susuа| r еXpесtеd

direсtor /dэ'rеktэ' dar rеktэ/ |С],|а pеrsonwho

mаnаgеs r сontrо|s сompаnу r orgаnisаtion2 а pеrsonп сhаrgе f а f i|m r plаywho el|shеaсtors nd thestаffwhаt o do

disadvаntage drsэd'vо:ntId3/ С] omеthinghatmаymаkе ou еss uссеssfuIhаnothеr еopIe

doсumentarу .dоkju'mеntri/ [С] ttIm' е|еvisionor radi0 rogrаmmеhаtgivеsасts r nformаtionаbout pаrt iсu|аrubjeсt

drawbасk/ drэ:brk/ [С] disаdvаntаgеr prob|еmending /'еndlц/[С] he end(ofа storу, Iaу,i|m,

еIС,): on|у ikeJilms with hаppу endings'eхtra/'еkstтэ/ С] personwho s pаid o p|аy vеrу

smа|| аrt nа f i lm,usuа||ysа mеmbеr f асrowd

footage .fotId3/ U]pаrtof а fi|m howingpаrt|сu|аrvеnt

immigration/ шlr grеrJn/ U] he proсess f сomingto I ive ermаnent|yn а сountryhаt s notyouroWn; hе numbеr f pеop|е ho o his

journalist /'d3з:nэhst/ С] pеrsonwhosе ob is oсOlIeсtnd writе bout еws n nеwspаpеrsndmаgаzinesr o tа|k bout t on hе е|еvisionrrаdlo

|ifeguard 'laIГgo:d/ С] pеrsonwho semp|oyedаt а bеасh r а swimming ooI o rеsсUе eop|еwhoаrе n dаngеrn theWаtеr

nurse/nз:s/ С] personwhosе оb s o takесаreofsiсk r njured еoplе, sua||уn a hospitа|

pаrt /pс:t/ [С] rolеp|ayеd y аn асtor n а p|ау,t lIm, tс,

persona|assistant 'pз:sэnl э srstэnt/ С] personwhoworks s a sесrеtаryr аn аssistаntoron epеrson

photographer Гэ'togгэfэ/ С] personwho tаkеsphotogrаhs

premiere/ prеmiеэ/ С] he iьt pub|iс еrformаnсеof а p|ау,i|m, tс ,

pressсonferenсе prеs kоnfэrэns/ [С] mееtingаt whiсh b aIks o а group f ournaIistsn orderto аПswerhеir Uе5tionsr o mаke n off iс iа|5tаtеment

projeсt / prоd3еkt/ [С] piесеof work nvoIvingсаrеfuItudу f а subjeсt ver period f t imе,

donebу sсhoo| r сol|еgеtudеnts

prop /prоp/ [с usup|] smаlI bjесtusеdby aсtorsdUringhе performаnсеf а p|аy r n а f i|m: e Ьresponsiblеor а|l the stаgepropsаnd Iighting.

rеferеe /'rеГэ i:/[С] he offiсiа| еrson n sportssuсh s ootbаlI ho сontrolshе mаtсh лdprеvепts|ауеr5rombrеаkinghе U|еs

sponsor 'sponsэ/ С] personwho аgrеes o give bmonеy or а сharityf thаtper5onuссееdsnсomp|еtingpart iсu|аrсt iv ity

stereotypе 'stеriэtaIp/ С] fixеd deааboutаpаrt iсu|аrypе f person r hing,whiсh sоftеnлot rue n reaIitу

street red / stri:t krеd/ [U] wаyof behаving nddrеssinghаt sассeptаblеoуoUng eop|e,еspесiа| lyhosеwho Iivе n сit ies nd hаvеexperiеnсedhe probIemsf reа| ife

subjeсt 'slbd3rkt/ [С] thingor pеrson hаt sbеing isсussed,esсribedr deaItWith

su(сess tory /Sэk,sеs tэ:ril |С] person r thing

that s vеrysUссеssfultaxi driver /'t€ksi dralvэ/ |С] personwhodrivеs

tах| аbtour guide /'tuэ gald/ [С] pеrsonwhosе ob s o

show ourists rouпd nterеsting|асes

Vеrbsaрpear э pIэ/ o аkepаrt n а fi|m, |аy,e|evision

progrаmmе,eIС.. 1е as аppeаrеd n over 60movlеs.

beat /bi:t/ o gеtсontrol f sth; o defeаt: hegovernmеnt'smаin аim is to beаt nf|аtiоn.

сIone klаоn tOprodUren c\а(| opy [ аn аnimа|or а p|аntrom ts еl|s

сonsider /kэn srdэ/ o think аboutsthсаrefuIIy,

oftеn еforеmаking dесisiondireсt /dэ rеkt; dal'Iеkt/ to be n сhаrge f асtorsin a p|ау, r а fi|m/moviе: hemoviеwаs dirесtеdbу stevеnSpiеlberg.

fu|fi| fiоl il/ to mаke th hаtуouwish or hаppеn;to асhiеve goа|

fund /fдnd/ o providе projесt, сhoo|, hаrity, tсwithmonеу oun: und

hand|e 'hаendl/o dеа|With r o сontro|b/sth:hоveо problеm with ап еmploуee. don't reа|lуknоw how to hаndlehеr.

rejed /II d3еkt/ 1 to refusе 0 ассеpt r сonsidеr th2 to rеluse oа((еp| b or а job,po)it ion' t( '

settIedown /'setl ,daon/ to stаrthаVing quiеtеrwayof I ifе, spесiа||уystаyingn thеsаmep|aсeor gеtt ing arried

shoot/Jrr:t/ 0 mаkeа fiImor tаkeа photograph fst h

Adjeсtivеsbudget 'bld3lt/ usеdn аdvеrt is ing,tс.) ow n

priсесomputer-Iiteratekэm'pju:tэ htэrэt/аb|е o U5е

а сom utеrсonfident/ kpnfidэnt/ fееling r showing hаtyou

аre urе bout oUr Wn biI it ies,pinions, tс.сreative kгi еItIv us|ngkl|| r mаginа| iono

mаke r dо nеw hingsfakе/ГeIk/ otgenuine,ppeаringo be sth t s not:

fаkе dеsignеr lothingfit /Гlt/hеаlthy nd strong, speсiаl|yесаuse ou do

rеguаrphуsiсаeхerсisе





eIderly 'еldэl i/ usеd bout person)Idfаslз iопablеГе.[nэЬ1/opu|аr r n а popu|аr tу|e

at he rme

Еethаl i:0l/ hаt аnсаUsе еаth r grеаt аmаge:|еthа| umеsli8tеlу 'laтkli/probаbIe r ехpeсtеd: likеlу

eхр|а ationmarit iвne'mtеrrtaпт/0nneсted ith hesеаоr

shrpsrвзiddle.agеd'mrdl ,еrd3d/(usеd boutа pеrson)

аgеd etwееn 0аnd 60yеаrs ldmysteriФrismr'stlэriэs/ hаtуoudo notUndеrstand

or сапnot Хp|а|n;trаngeоverlveigЕзtаovэ'wеlt/ oo hеavy r fаtste ,t i{aflskеptrkl/ otwiII ingo beIiеvehаt th 5

trUe r hаt b s е| l inghe ruthsсrшffу 'skr,tli/ dirtyаnd untidyseveyе st 'vtэ/ Хtrеme|уаdor sеrioussi. i ' tа{tsmo:t/ usеd bout pеrS0n)aving с|еаn

and tidy аppeаranе-, ou ooksmаrt'Аrеуougoing somеwh re spесi ?

stгaight strеrt/used bout air) ot n а сurVе r аtаn аng|e;n а strаighttn е

strаmg* strеInd3/ nusuа| r UnеХресtеdsшspiсiоь:ssэ spтJэs/eе| inghаt b hаsdoПe th

wrong, ishonеstr l|еgаIшgl'y, lg l i/ Unp|еа5аnto Iook t or istеno; no t

аttrасtIVеъ'iоleratvаrэlаnt/ еrу tr Ong nd mpos sib|еo

сontrOl: vio|е|1ttormrоiev9"wетvi/hаving urvеs; ot strаight.yяe Еhшiit wеl brlt/ usеd bout pеrson) ithа

strongolidbodywоуrieq*,wдrld/ hinkinghаt thbаdmight

hаppеп r hаshаppелedy*uзrзgisРв,tцlJ/ uitе oung

ldioms*n lrваydon a ship or аn аirсrаft: ll thepаssепgеrs

wеrеsаfе|уon boаrd'takе sth with а рinсh 0f raAt o hink hаt th s

probаblу ot rUе r ассUrаtеflзr iyedоf st з/ f dоiзтg th to bе borеdwithor

аnnoyed у sbAth/doing Ih |'msiсk аnd tired oJIistеning o thesamе thtngsоgоin аnd аgаin,

PhrasalYerbsbe imtо th o bе ntеrestеdn sth n аn асtivе аy:

Нe,s nto surJing n а big wау.

Unit 7Nounsadrеnalin э dгеnэlш/ U] substаnсеroduсеdn

thе bodуwhеn ouаrееxсitеd' frаid r rightеnеdа iеrnat;veэ:l 'tз:nэtrv/с] t0 sth] neof twoor

more hings hаtyouсаn сhOose еtwееn:,4/h.irсan еot as 0п а|tеrпаtivеo mеаt?

lз iрlanе balplетn/С] n еаr|y уpe f plаneWithtwo sеts f Wings

сiianсе /t.[о:ns/С] n opportunity: n this rip,

уou,ll gеt thе сhоnсе ogo pоrаglidtng,с[:аrасtеr 'kzегэktэ/ С] pеrsonn а book, tory,

еtс:Thеmаin сharlсter in thе t|m s о boу whomееts n aIIеn.

сharitу / t.[аerэti/С] n orgапisаtionhаtсoliесt5monеy o hе|p eopIe ho аrеpoor, iсk, tс. r todо цork hаt s uьеГu o ot ct \

сt i. i;зсidепсekэо'InsIdэns/С] woor morе imi|аrthings аppеningt hesаme imeby сhаnсе'п аsurpris ingаy

i:[iti{ ,krrtrk/ С] personwhosе ob is o givеhis/herpiniоn bout plаy' ook, i|m, tс '

i l is l]эei l ief'dтsbIi:t7 U] he eе| ing f лot bе| iеvingsil/sth

е;].(remГjaроrt /Ik stri:m spэ:t/ С] n ехсiting utdаngerousport, uсh s bungееumping

i]tlоd 1]дd/ С] |аrge moUnt f Wаtеrhаt hаssprеad romа ri ver, hе sеа, tс. hаt сovers nаrеаwhiсh houId е drу

gо /gэо/ С] n аttempto do sth: had o go аt|tхing t for уou,

jnhabitaв,з.t/ln'hzеЬItаnt/С] pеrson r аnimа| hаtl ivеs n а plaсe

jшmhо ei /,d3lmbэо .d3еtl[С] verу аrgе irсrаft

thаt аn саrry everaI undrеd аs5еngеr5iаyldвтэarkltеndmс:k/[С] n objeсt oftел

bui|ding)hаt аn bеsеen аsi|уroma distаnсеаnd hаtwiIlhe|р ou o rесognisеhеrе ouаr e

flос:;'Liоmlэо'kетJn/ С] piасeor position:hеехoсtloсоtion of thе hotе|

meсessitynэ sеsэti/ С] hе nееd or sth; hе асtthаt th mUSt e donеor must аppеn

Фp зФrt ,вmЁtуоpэ tju:nэti/ С] сhапсе o do 5ththаt ouwouId ike o do;а situаtiоn r а t imе nwhiсh t s possib|eo do sth hаt ouwou|d ikе odo

paсе pеIsi С'usu ing] hеspeed twhiсh ouwаJk,rUn, tс.or аt Whiсh th hаppens: е nсrеаsеd isрaсеas hеgot сlosеr o homе.

рiаtfоrазl plеt1Ъ:m/ С] hе plасеwhere ougetonor off rаins t а rаi|Wауtаtion

р|a.1plеr/

С]piесе

of writingpеrformеd

yасtorsin thе hеаtrе,r on tе|еVisiOnr rаdio1il'о6rе flеrрrэ pеlэ/ |С] dеviсеwith sevеrа]lа t

mеtа| агtsl l lзс iеsl hiсh urn ound еrу аst nordеr o mаke shipor а pIапеmovе

tiseьяekju:/ с] | inе f pеop|e,аrs, tс, hаt rеwаit ingor th0r o do st h

ralr'i{.v/гI'vju:/ С] nеwspаper r magаZine rtiс|е,Orаn |tem n the e|evisionr rаdio,n whiсh bgtves n opinionOna nеW ook, i|m, |aу, Iс Тhefi lmgol bаd rеviеt ls,Р ' l l I' ' \'

" iФti , g.ralэtПJ/U] ioIent еhаviour yа сrowd fpеop|еП pub|iс lасе, ftеn sа protеst:lot lЛgbrokеout n thесарitaI odоу. еrЬ, toI

гшгnlvaуг,tnwеI/ С] |ong iесeof groundwithаhаrd urfасe here irсrаftаkе ffапd |аnd 1 n

аirpoпsett ir lg 'sеtln/ С] hе posit ionth s n; hep|асe

аnd imе n whiсh thhаppenssвшrсеsэ:s/С] p|асe, eгson r thingwhere th

сOmеs r stаrtsromоr where th s obtаinеds зе€al efr$rсts'spе.[l tЪkts/ p|] nusuа| r

ехсit ing iесеs f асt iоn n f i|ms rТVprogrammеs,hаt reсreаted yсomputеrsrсlеVеr hotogrаphуo 5hOWhiЛg5hаtdo ЛotusUа|]yХist аppening

tеflrоry.tеrэ/ С,u] егygreаt еartry /tгaI/ С] n oссasion hеn ou ry o do 5th; n

аttеmpt: o on' Giуe t a try*тiпg wIц/ С] nеof the WO аrts hаt bird,

Insесt,tс,usеs or ly ing

Yеrbsаda'рli э'dаеpt/o сhаЛgе boоkоr p|ау O hаt t

саnbе mаdе ntoа piay,i lm, e|еvisiOrtprogrаmmе, IС тhе iIm wоsоdоpted rom аnovеl.nu П' ].|.lptаti]

hоозJribоk/ tOаrrangе o hаvеor do sth аt аpаrtiсUIarime.. boоkеd tablеbу thе window,

hтоadriт 'brэ:dn/ o nсrеаsеourехpеriеnсе,

knowIedge, Iс.. rаvе|brоаdеnsуour horizons,с@l.Ёvг]ykэn'Ver/o mаkе

'dеаs,thoughts,ее| ings,

etс, noWno 5bеiill.вiпaтe/тImInеIt/ o [emove b/sth hаt s Пot

wаnted r neеdеdJiар flеp/ o move sth) p аnd downor rom id е

to sidе, spесiаlIyn thеwiпdi. i lоvrf lэсl/ OmOVen a smooth пd сontinuous ay

(|ikе atеr)gatiт*r, gебэ/ to inсrеаsеn spееd, ize, orсe, tс:

тhep|ane gathеrеd pееd.gr; l iз greb/ 0 аke thWith 5uddепmovemеnti lеаd hеd/ hеаd ог th] o move n thеdirесtion

mеПtI еd

рun.lrлеl 'p,tml/ o hit sb^thwith both of yourс|osеd аnds fisLsl

l lеl]rtгl ' lal/ oпsl. l '/st lr]o nееd b/sth nd notbe аb|etO iVе r workpropеr|у ithout im/hеr/ it

rеrвтaiпrr'mеrn/o staуOr ontinuen thе5аmеp|асe r сoПdit i0n

llr:vеаl тrvi:l/ o mаke th knowЛ hat Wаs есrеt ruпknown eforе

rоar /rэ:/ o mаkеа |oud, eepsound:Thееnginesroоrеd,

sсrealттskri:m/ o shout r сry n а loudhigh oiсebeсаuseouаre rightеnedr n pаin

se' it е sеtl/ o goаnd Iivе ermаnеnt|уn а nеwс0Untrу, rеа' own,etс:Маnу mmigrаnts аvesеtt|еd n tht5 ountrу.

siоiгlspln/ o turnor mаke th urп ound uiсklysl isрeild sа рend/ o stop r de|аy th orа t imе:

ln the thеotrе we wi||tnglу uspend disbelieJ(= еmporаriIyе| iеvеhаt hесhаrасtеrs,tсаre еа|l.

:t*апsрФrttГiеn.spэ:t/ to tаkesb/sth romonеpiасe o anothеrn а vehiс|е to mаke b eе| hа thе/shes n а diffеrеnt |асe,imeor situаtion:heb1ok trаnsports ou to (1nothеrworld. гtсlrln..I .аl lJotJt i П

Adjeсtives: i mazв'igэ,mетzтr1/еry urpris ingnd diff iсuIto

bе|ievе;nсrеdible OtlI l:] l l l . lZСПlеЛtсrшсЕaЕ'kгu:Jl/ Хtrеmе|уmpOrtаntdisaрроiпting'dтsэ'pэтntrч/аking ou еe| аd

bесаU5еthWas otа5goоd, nteresting,tс. s

1ouhаdhopefl '

'L ''

lr|U

'j |d |5а ]рo lПt l е|l I

rГfес*ivеl 'fеktry/ uссessfu||yroduсinghe еsu|tthаt oUWаnt otl lt: l ieLt

fеd шp 'Ге d lp/ р.', ithl- ./nh/doirlgt l l1 ored runhаppy; irеdof sth. ,n Jed uр with wаiting orthерhoпе to rin8.

gigantiс d3aIgеntlk/ extremе|у ig*ltЕiv iошsэ,blrviэs/ оtnotiс ing r rеа| is inghаt s

hаppeninground ouшrigina[э,rтd3оnl/еwаnd ntеrеsting,ifferent

frоmother5 f ts ype lоt]| l:Г ] l lасlвl{Б"agеФLisaоt'rеld3эs/ hаt mаkes ouvеrуаngry

or shoсked

цlоъvе;.fu:'paoэfl/ hаving |otof сontroI rinfluеnсevеr ther eop|еlt lLtt l:с lt., l ,сг

.reaЕisttс'r i:э'hstrk/епsibIend undеrstаndingwhаt t s possibleoасhiеvеn а pаrt iсU|аrsituation

'еjuсt:.,]J,li{rI ,tktэnt/nOtWantingo d0 sth beсаUsеyouareЛot ure t s he ight hing o do



speсtaсuIar sреk t8kjэlэ/ Verу mprеssiveo seеnoun: peсtас|е

supernaturaI su:pэ'nat.[rэl/ hаtсannOt]eexp|аinеd y hе |аws f sсiеnсе: upernaturllhаppenings n thеgravеуard

terrifying 'tеrrfaпч/ еry rightening oun: erroruneasу ,tn'i:zilworried; ot ее|ing еlаxed r

сomfo tа |еunwiIl ing ln,wIhЦ/ otWаntingo do sthbutoftеn

forсеd o do t bуother еople

vitaI /.valtl/vеry mportаnt r nесе55аrу

AdverhsаbsoluteIy юbsэlu:t1il omp|ete|y;ota||yсonsiderably kэn'sIdэrэbli/muсh,а |otextrеmeIy rk'stri:mli/ еrytait|у 'feэl,il Uitе; o somееxtеnthighIy 'haтli/ o а highdegree; еryrather 'ro:бэ/ uite; O ome ХtentsIightIy 'slaItli/ litt|etru|y 'tru:l i/ usedo emphаsise fеeIing,

stаtеmеnt)еа|y; omplete|у

ldiomsa сhange f heartа сhаngen youropinion r hе

way hаtyou ееIсhangе our mind o сhаnge ouropinion r

dесisi0n boUt b/sthfor a stаrt used o emphasise our irst еason or

s|h: .Whусаn't we8o on holidау?, .Wе|l'for a start

we саn,t aJford it.,have а good mind to do sth used o Sаy hatуou

think ouwi|| o sth, lthoughouаrеnot Ure

have a good/bad,et(. time to enjoу/not njoy, tс.

уoursе|foing thhave t both wаys to hаve hе аdvaniаgesf two

diffеrеntituаtionsr Wаys f bеhаVinghаt rе

impossib|eo сombinе: ou an'thаve t bothwауs. f уou саn аfford to go out аlI thе timе,уouсаn аJford to pоу ofJ уour debts.

in addit ionаs we|| sbe in tunе (with b/sth)o bе n аgreеmеnt i th

sb/sth;o hаvе hеsаme pinions,ееlings,tс. s

sbAthIeavea mark on sb to hаVе n effесthаt pеop|е

wi||notiсе nd remembеr: hе timе hе spеnt nprison еJt its mоrk on him.

Iiveа l itt le o enjoу || hеopportunit ie5f I ife ulIy:

I want to live 0 little bet'ore ettling down аndgеttingmаrriеd.

take sb'sword for it to beIievеWhаt bsаysWithout

аnуproof

Phrasalvеrbshasesth on sth to useаn dеа, faсt, situаtion, tс

as hеpoint romwhiсh th anbе dеve|opеd:hЬ

Jilm is bаsed on a truе storу.bIow(sbisth) p to еxpIodе r bе dеstroуеdn аn

explosion: hесоr blеw up whеn hе doorwos

openеd.give sth/sЬawаy to shoW r tе|| hetruthаbout

nhAb whiсhWаs есrеt: don't \4/аnto sее hе

movie now that уou'уеgiven the еndingаwоу.have sth out (with b) o trу o sеtt|e n argumеnt у

disсussingr аrguing bout t open|уsum (sth) p tо dеsсriben а fеwwords hеmain

idеаs f whаtsb hаssаidor writtеn: o sum up,

Ihеrе tе thrее рIions еrе' .tаke off (usеd boutаn аirсrаft)o |еаvеhе ground

Unit 8NounsaIarm э o:m/ U] suddeneеling f еаr r worrуappliсant /':еphkэnt/ С] pеrsonwhomаkеs

formаl еquеstor sth аppliеsor th), spесia||yforа job, p|асе t а сo||egе,nivеrsity,tс .

appIiсation аеph'kеl.[n/С] ormа|writtеn еquеst,еspeсiа||уorа jobor а p|асen а sсhoo|,|ub, tс:

аn аppliсаtion ormaptitude/ :эptItju:d/ с] for th) nаturа| bilityorski l l

сonсern kэn'sз:n/ С,U] fеe| ing f Worrу; th hatсausеsWorry

сountryside kдntrisard/ U, ing] hе аnd whiсh sаwаy rom owns nd сit iеs, hеrе herе rе iеlds,woods, tс.

eаvesdroppеr i:vzdropel [С] omеonеwho sесretlyIi5|еnso WhdI lherpеopIe reьа1ng

e.book / i:buk/ [с]аn е|есtroniсook,novе|, tс.enquirу /m'kwaIэri/[С] questionhаtуoUask

аbout sth:Poliсеhаve beenmaking еnquiries intothе wom0 n,s d sа pеа аnсе'

eхpedition/'еkspэ'dr.[n/ С] |ong ourney or аspес|а|Urposе

|ear lГюl С] fееling f bеingafrаidof sb/sthfirewaIl ГaIэwэ:l/ с]а сompUtеr rogrаm hаt s

dеsignedOproteсthе nformаtiontored n thесomputеr

host /hэ<;st/С] pеrsonwho nvitеs uestsohis/hеr ousе, tс, ndprovidеshеmwith ood,drink, tс .

inquest /'lчkwest/[С] n offiсiаl roсеSShаt ri eS ofindouthow b diеd

issue 'r.[u:/С] prob|еm r subjесtor disсussionjob satisfaсtion d3оb sаеtIs,firkJn/U] he ееling

of pIeаsurеhat OU еt romdoing our ob wе|lor асhiеving hаt ouWant

light /lalt/1 [U,с] he еnеrgy r brightnеsshаt hеrеis rom hesun, |аmp, tс. solnеthin8hа tproduсesight,or eхаmplе n eIeсtriсаmp

Iighting alt lч/ U] hе quа|ity r typе f I ights sеdin а room,bui|ding, Iс.: есuritу ighting

maternity |eave mэ'tз:nэti i:v/ [U] he pеriodoft imеwhеn Womаns away romherwork nordеr o hаvе a babу: ogo on/tаkе mаtеrnitу|еоvе

meаsure .mе3э/ С] n асtion hаt sdone orаspес|aIеаson

might /maIt/ U]greаt trength r powеr

(the)Milky Waу /.mIlki: wеr/[sing]he system fstаrshаt ontаins ur sunаnd tsp|аnеts,ееn sа bright аnd n thеnight ky

model 'modl/ [С] сopy f sth, suа|lyma||еrhа nthеoriginаl: modеl оilwау/villаge

nаture neitjэ/ U] || hеp|аnts,nima|s,tс. n

the univеrsendаll he hings hаthappеn n tthаtarenOtmаdе r саusеd ypеoplе

perсentаge pэ sеntтd3/ С] hе numbеr, mount,rаtе, tс.of sth,еХprеsseds f it is pаrtof а totаlwhiсh s а hundrеd; pаrt r shаrе f а who|е

pеrsonaI tatеmеnt pз:sэnl stеltmэnt/ С]Ietter ontаiningхtrаnformаtionbout oursе|f

thаt oU еndwithа ob аppliсаtionpole /pэol/ [С] ithеrof thе wo points t the eХaсt

top аnd bottomOf hе eаrth: hеNorth/south olеproportion /prэ'pc:Jn/ U] ofsth to 5th) pаrtor

shаrе of а who|e: lаrgeproportion of thе еarth,ssurJасe s сovered у seа.

reсord / rekэ:d/[С] ofsth) Writtеn сс0unt f Whathаshappened, eendonе,e|с:The ompоnуhаsan ехсеllеnt sаIetу rесord.

refеrenсe 'rеfrэns/ С] stаtemеnt r |еttеrdеsсribingpеrson,shаrасtеrr abil ity hаt sgivеn o а possibIeutureеmp|oуer:hаd tosupplу two ret'erеnсеsеJore heуgavеmе thе ob.

retirement rl'talэrnэnt/ U] he асt of stoppingworking ermаnеn||у:dесided o tаkееаrlyretirеmеnt - to stopWork аr|ierhаnyounееd

to).spaсe spеIs/ [С'U] а pIасе r аn arеа hat s not

вed ls thereеnough spасе or mе to pаrk thеrе?2 [U] hеаrеаwhiсh urroundshe p|аnеt аrth

аndothеr |аnetsnd stаrs: pасе rаVeIterm /tз:m/ [С] а wordor grоupof wordswith а

pаrt iсuIаr еаning а pеriod f t ime ntowhiсh

sсhooI r universitуеаr s dividеdtrek /tтеk/ С] long hаrdwа|k, аsting evеraI аys

or weeks' ьuа||уn Ihemoun|аinq(the)unknown/.,tnnэоn/ [sing] p|асе r thing

thаt ou knownothing bout

Verbsadvertise 'аedvэtaПl o puI nformаtionn а

nеWspаpеr,n tе|evision,n а piсturе n hеWа||,еtс. n ordеr o pеrsuаdе еop|eo buy th, ointerеsthеm n а new.job,tс .

аffeсt /э fekt/ o mаke b/sth hangеn а pаrtiсuIar

Wаy; o influenсе b/SthappIy э'p1aт/аpp|уto b/sth)or sth) o mаke

formaI еquеst,suаllyn writ ing,or 5th uсh sаjob, p|асe t с0||е8е.niVrrЬilу '|r ,

bIаme ЬlеIm/ o thinkor sау hаtsb/sth srеsponsibleor sthbаd: ' e's lwауsb|аmеd er

for thе brеоkup f thеirmаrriоgе. oun:b|аmесause kc:z/ o mаke thhаppendеstroy /dl'strэr/ o damаgе th so bаdIy hаt t саn

no Iongеr е used r no Iongеr xistsearn /з:n/ o gеtmonеyby working:o eаrn а high

5ola у

enсIose rn'klэozl Io pUI th n thе 5ame nvelopе,pасkаgе, tс.аs sthe|sе: lеasе еturn hесonplеtеdJorm, enсlosingа rесentphotograph.

exeсutе progrаmф'еksIk.ju:t/o perform taskexpose rk'spэt ' lz/o show th hаt 5usuа||уiddеn;

to te|l th hаt hа5bееnkеpt есrеtgain /gern/ o grаduаlly еtmoreof sth togаin

сonfi dеn се/strе gth ехpе еnсеinсorporatе rn,kэ:pэrеt/ o mаkе thа pаrt0f 5th

еlsе; o hаve th asa part

isolate /.alsэlеIt/o pUtor keep b/sth еpаrаteromother eoplе r things

motivate mэr-itIvеrt/sb o dо sth) o саUsе b to

асt n а pаrt iсU|аrауpartiсipate po:'trsrpеrt/in sth) o takеpаrtor

beсomenvo|vеdn st hplan /plюn/1 to deсidе, rgаnizе r prepаrеor sthyoUWаnt o do n he futurе to ntеnd r eхpeсt

to do sth3 to mаkе dеsign r аn out| inеor thpriоritise lpral'ътetalzl o put asks, rob|еms,tс .

in ordеr f mportаnсе'o hat ou саndeа|with

thе most mportаnt irstpursue/pэ'sju:/ o do sth ortry o асhiеvе th oVеr

periodof time:Shewishes opursueо mediсаlсarееr.

reсruit /rr'kru:t/ o find nеWpеop|еo join асompаny,n orgаnisаtion,heаrmеd orсеs, tс.

rеduсe rr dju:s/ o mаkе th |еss r smа||еrnqUаntity,riсе, ize, tс.

request rr kwest/ o formа|lу sk or sth

f

Ф



s}эeс,tliatе,spеkjulеrt/ to formап opinionaboutsthWithout пowiпg || hedеtаi|5r асts to bU ygOods, ropеrty'hаres, tс 'hopingo mаkеprotrt hеn 0U е||hеm, UtWith hе risk fI05|Пg0neу

stalxd st8nd/ ,1to bе oл your eеt' o bе n а vertiса|posit ion to be n а pаrt iсU|аr|асе:heсаstlе5tапds n thesite f аn аnсiеnt аtt|еfiе|d.usedеspeсiа||yith апiсoLl] o say hаt lэ/sthаn5urViVethor toIerаtеb/sth ithout eing urtordаmаged n алу wаy: 1ls е0rt aп,t tand hеstrоin or muсh |ongеr.

sшpрiу sа,рlat/0 providеb/sth ith th hаt heyneеd r WаПt:о suppIy rеtеrenсе

traр /tr:rp/ o kееp b n а dangеrous|асе r а bаdsituаtioпromwhiсhhe/shеаnnOt sсаpе

шmlеash nn li:'[/ o |еt oose strongorсe hаthаSаn еffесt, suаJIynp|еаsаnt

vаmisFвvаеnr.[/o disаppeаruddеniy r n а wа y

thаt ouсаnnot хp|аln

Adjесtivеsaьrtivirшgаеnti airэs/а progrаm hаtprotесts

с0mpUtergаin5tn5trUсtiOЛsesignеdo саusеtаUItsr destroу аtа

сФуmtr}шter.iiterаiekэm pju:tэ lrtэгэt/ b|e o usеа с0mputеr

liФш.]\ylешйФ5Зtkэn vi:niэnt/suitаb]e r prасtiсаIor аpаrt iсU|аrUrposе;ot аusing iff iсultу

сшl,t'l'iшсed,kэnvInst/сomp|еtе|yurеаbout thrf leсtc.oniсr. lеk тpnlk/hаving r usingmаny mа||

раrts,uсh s miсroсhips,hаt 0ntro|nd direсtsmа|| |есtriсUrгеnt: ll eleсtroniс о|сu|оtor

flig8тtlalt/ not hеаvy

,tъа еvоiеntmэ lеvэlэnt/ hаving r showingdеsirе r tеЛdеЛсyo hаrmФtlti'trа ,tsigп' 'aоtu,эd sarn/ on|у еt'orе noun)

0n thе0Utside

iэоlar .pэolэ/ f or neаr he North r South o| еredunсiапtгl 'd lndэnt/ usеd bout mpJoyees)o

longеr ееdedorа jobаnd hеreforeUtOfWOrk:З0 mеmbеrт f stаJfhаvеbеenmаde rеdundаnt

sflmаrtphОПе],smo:t эon/с|ever,nte|| igеntяоpirist iсatedsэ.f i tIkеIt ld/ dvаnсеdnd

сompI саtеdvш neyаhievl lnэrэbl/ wеаk nd еasy o hurt

Adverbsсecв,reP,itfl {kдrэntli/ аt prе5еnt, t thе momеnt

ldiomsош hаurd vаi|аblе,spесiа||yo he|p: mergenсу

serviсеswеrеon hand with mediсrllаdviсе.hе рoЕеs Б0aг.to bеwidely еpаrаted;o hаvе o

interеstshаtyoushаrе:Нer own riendswerepolеs оport from his'

Phrasal еrbsс4в, е B vith th to tindаn аnswer r а so|utionо

sIh:Еnginееrs аveсome up with nеw wоуs ofsavlпgenеrgу.

|щok оrwав"t[о siflзiсio mgt т o Wаitwith p|еаsurеfor sth о hаppen: Iook orwаrd to hеаring romуou.

' ia яeth olр 0 stаrt r begin h suсh sа nеw

ob :Shе took up thе post lаst wеek'

Unit 9Nouns

.'strФftФElilев"/эtrnnаmэ/[С] pеrsonwho studiеsа5trOorny

|hreedbтi:d/ С] pаrt iсu|аrаriеtу f апimа|:rаrеbreеd of соtt|е

r:аfukеb/ [С]а taхi ; Не drivеsа blасk саb inLondon.

сшntсep.t,kоnsеpt/с] n deа; bаsiс rinсipIe:Iis difJiсu|t ogrlsp thе сonсеptof etеrnitу,

сuпьзe(tiоп,akэ пеk.[п/ С] n аssoсiаtioлrrе|аtionshipetweеnwo or morеpeop|е r hings

сr:mitelrт'kоntеkst/, С] he situаtionn whiсhsthhаppепs r hаt аuses th o hаppеn: is dесisionсап onlу bе understood n сontехt'

соуlеla,tiou,l'1rоrэ'lеI.[п/С] сonnесtton etweentwo hingsn whiсh nе hing hаngеs 5 heothеrсloes.. herе s а dirесt сorrelаtion bеt|,уееnехрosurе О thе sUn апd skin саnсer.

fФrtlЛmefэ:t.[u:n/С] vеrу аrgе moUntOfm0nеу: femode o fortune on thе stoсkm(]rkеt.

hiрросаlttршs'hIpэ kеmpэs/ |С] tесhniсаl) itherof the \,voreаs f the brаin hоughtObе heсentrе t emoti0n nd memory

krаоrviесЕgeno1rd3/U] nformаtion,nderstаndingаnd ski||shаt оu hаve аinеdhrough еаrningrеХper|еnсесljс:сi ir,с 'поrl1еdgеаllJе

Jсlm3tetllп;ti1е l]ФrT1oц tз:m .mеnlэri/[с]pаrtof

thе brаinwhеrеmеmoriesrе toredсвтgitшс еlоnd3ltu:d/ U] hе distаnсе f а p|асе

еаst r Wеst f а | inе rom hе North o|еo thеSouth o|ehаtраssеshrough reenwiсhnLondon. ongitudеs meаsuredn dеgreеs.

пnelxrс]rY'mеmэтi/ С,U] pеrson's biIitу orеmеmbеrhing5:' lоыrа. mэ:t| [t a humаnbeingmarliЕaitioll,niеvlgеrJn,/U]1 thеасt of using

mаp, tс o findуourWаy O o mеWhеrеtheас tof sаiI ing boаt |oлg river r асross seа

орр*rtшniЁ.ql'оpэ tju:nэti/ С] сhаnсе o do sththаt oUWoUId ikе o do,а situаtion r а t imе nwhiсh t s possib|eo do sth hаt ouwou|d ikе odo:I haveа golden opportunitу to 8o to Аmеriсаnow that mу sistеr i vеs thеrе

rаmge relnd5/ С] vаriеtу f things hаt be|ongothesаmegroup: hls shoр hаs а widе rаngeofс|othes.

rеseаrсhеrrr sз:tJэ/ С] pегson hostudiessub1есtаrеfu||y,speсiа||yn ordеr 0 disсovеr

ncц Jаtl lor nIo.mаtionbouт tt. ivа0raIvl/ С] person r hing hаt sсompeting

wtth oushiрwreсk Jrprеk/ с,U] п ассidелt t sеа n whiсh

а ship sdestroуеdyа storm' oсks, tсаnd sinkssшtзjeсt's,tbd3Ikt; slbd3еkt/ [С] n аreаof

know|еdgеtudiеdn а sсhoo|'o||еgе,tс .th@ 'qg|тi i0J:t/ С] п dеа r opinion diесt ivс:

I lо Llgh I L l

iv$ist tw]st/ С] n unеxpесtеdhаnge rdevе|opmеntn а story r s ituаtion

wist оя';tvIzdэm/ U] heаbiI ityo mаkе еnsi b]еdесisionsnd udgеmеntseсаusе f уourknow|еdger ехperiеnсе

flloPr {i тg,} rm sf.уrvз:kIц ,mеmэгi/ С,U] раrtofthеbrаin hаt torе5nformаtioпorа short im е

Verbs:ili0jl]liг"еэ'k\\lalэ/ o obtаinor buy sthassL.,tnзсэ sju:m/ o ассept r bеiiеvе hаtsth 5 rUe

еvеn hough ou hаve o proof;o ехpесt th o bеtrue

;l lе't bi:t/ o defeаt b; o bе bеtterhаn b:Hea|1,у0уseаtsme 0t tеnпis.

:i].lliсеin:tralt'konsntrеlt/ o givеаlIyourаttentionor еfforto sthпоLll l:Oll(е 1-.]t iОП

с.lшTшsеkэn'1ju:z/o mаkе b unаb|eo hinkсlеаr|y r to kЛ0WWhаt o do rlоLr: сotlfLt-чiоп'ас]]есtе: опtLtsit l .q

itm;lgi iтeI,miсd3rn/o ormа piсturе r deа n yourmindof whаt th/sbmight e I ike оLlrl:

' , ' , | l ' ' n' ' ] , ' '| r |Г lg' ',

.0ir]'i|р*rfФЕ:r]aUtpэ'lЪ:m/ o асhiеve еttеr esultsthа sb/sth

pесfltреk/ usеd bout bird) o eаtor bitе thWithitsbeаk

гrе.теailr.r i:l/ to mаke th known hаtWаs eсrеtOIunknown еforе

"'еrryarгlrr wэ:d/ sllW lr \th] o givе th o sbbесаusеe/she аsdone thgood'worked аrd,еtс.

tel l] tе1/o dist inguishnе hing r personro mаnother:сZ?л ou tell the differenсebetween thеtwo versions?

.tеrзсl/tеnd/ o usuа|lу o or bе sth

Adjeсtivesсomдз iсarledknmplrkеrtrd/iff iсuIto undеrstаnd

оr dеаiwitht.:о..l[шsedkэn fiu:zdl not аb|е o thiлk с|еаrlуt iaft do:f l/ s i l ly; oolish

olLцnl|цd,tm/ not ntе igent; tupidfаlircqшs,Геrmэs/foгsLhlWе|l nown o mаnу

peo |еgш[ it iз ie'q,t lэbl/usеd bout pеrson)eliеving

аnd rU5tingeop|еoo еаsi ly, nd hеrеforeаsi|уtriсked

j,i.еgа]triii.jenеgэtlv/ сonsidеring nlу hе bаd sidеofsth/sb' асkingnthusiаsmr hope

t,amсi]о:mrеndэm/ сhosеn y сhаnсеrarе rеэ/ otdone, ееn, аppеning'tс. еrу ftеnsigшi$.iсamtsIgnrГlkэnt/mportаntг |аrge nough

to bе notiсеdstlarf] imgsto:t lI / xtrеme|уnusuа| nd

su prising: stа l ng сon rаst/d сovеrуgur.rеaЕsэ гi:эl/ еry trаngе; ith mаgеsmiхеd

togеthеrn а strаГ]gеауas n а dreаmтiv rj .v lr,Id/ аving r produсing strong,Iеаr

p]сtUrеnyourmind

Advеrbstieагj dеd/сomp|еte|у,Хасt|уr Vеrу: hе lIm wоs

deаd boring.rеlsе.шlhе:,е'еlswеэ/ n or t0 аnothеr |асei Ll i rгвaе ii / mtпrrэtli/ с|osеIу,n m а eу

сonneсtеd/|nkedt'среaLtееi|yrт'pi:tIdl i/ аnу imеs; gaiп nd аgaiп

@



ldioms: , :.с idеnt n а rvayhаt s noi p|aпned r

..: . sеd:Wemеtbу оссidеnt t thеaIrрort

:: i. сontest sеd 0 sаYthat nе ide n а.. r. i it iоn sso muсh trongеrr bеttеrhаП hе..l тhаt t s surе owinеаsi lу

:: 't l n thе |east otat a||: tdoesn'tm(lttеrn he

:: ^е t out on sb to bеhаvе аd|уowаrdsDjесаUsе

oU rеаngry rupsеt bout th

Phrasal еrbsсarrу out sth to do a task, rеpair, |с..o сa|rуout

tеsts/an nvest gaпon

зiYesthup/give p doingsth o stOp oing th hа t

rou did regu|аrly etore: hegаveup work o start

а fоmi|у.takeаftersb to ookor behаvеikеаn oIdеr

membеr f уour amilу, spесiа|ly parеnl. amеs

tаkе|aJter his аthеr.takе sth baсk o аdmit hаt th oU аidWаsWrong:

Youd bеttеr аkеbасkwhatуou sаidаboutmу

сookingtаkesth n to understаndhat ou еe, еаr r rеаd:

I was toо ti|еd to take n whatshе wassaуlng.

take sthon to ассept rеsponsibiI itуr dесidеo dosih..Не's takеnon о lot of eхtrа work.

take to sb stаrt ikingsblslh: didn,t akе o Kаtе's

nеw boуfriеndat а|l.

work sth out 1 to find hеаnswеr o sth; o soIve

slh: сan'tworkout howto do this.2 Io са|сUlatе

sih:I workedout the total сost.

Unit 10Nounsaсtress 'zеktrэs/ С] womаnwhose ob s 0 асt In

а plаy r i|m r on tе|еvisioп

arrangedmarriаge э,rеrnd3d marтd3/ [С]mаrriаgеп whiсh hе pаrentshoosehe husbаnd

оr wifе or hеir hi ld

buII Ьol/[С] n аduItmа|е f theсow аmilу

сlown /klaon/ [С] pеrsonWhoWеаrsUnnу |othе5

anсl big ednosе nd does il ly hingso make

peoplеаugh, spесiа||yhildren

сouple / klp1/ [С] wo pеOplеWhoarе ogethеr

bесausehеу re mаrriеd r n a re|ationship:

mаrriеdсouplесourtship/'kc:tJтp/ С] hе rе|ationshipetwееn

mаnаnda Woman еforeheygetmаrr|еd

сow /kao/ [С] |аrgееmа|е nimа| hаt s kеpt n

farms o produсе il k

divide /dl'vaтd/ С,ususing] diffеrеnсе еtween

twogroup5 f peoplehаt еpаrаtеshem ro m

eасh thеrdoubt /daot/ [U]unсеrtаinty:hеrе,s o doubt thаt

Jаn witl ring whenshе's еаdу.

fame/fеlm/ U] еing nown r tа|kеd bout у

manуpеoplе eсаusef Whаt ou hаvе сhiеvеd

figure /,ГIgэ/С] wеll-known r аn Important

pеrson:d kеу igurе n thеstorу

grind graInd/ sing]nасtiv ityhаt s ir ing nd

boring nd thаt аkes |otof timе: hedаi|уgrind

habit /'hаеbrt/С] omеthinghatуoUd0 oftеnаnd

almostWithouthinking,speсiа||yth hat s hаrd

to stopdoing:Don'tmokеo hаbit oJ сomtng

hОmе o atе.

hеro htэrэu/ С] person ho s аdmired,

еspeсial lуor having one thdiff iсuItr good

heroine 'herэотn/С] womаnwho sadmirеd,

еspесiа| lуor hаving onе thdiff iсult r good

inteIIigenсe m'tе1rd5эns/U] he аbility o

understаnd,еаrn nd hink

king /krч/[С] thе itIеof)a manWho u|еs

сountry. king s usuallуhе 5on0r сlose еlаt ivе

of thе ormеr u|еr.

knaсk /nrэk/ С] skillor аbiIitу o do sth diffiсult)

thаtyouhаvenаturаlly r yoUсаn|earп.,ou,vеgot a rеal knасk with thеsmaIl сhildren.

l ion /. larэn/ С] |аrge nimа| f theсat аmi|y hа t

l ivеsn Afriса nd pаrts f southеrn siа. 4аleiоns

hаvе largе mount f hаirаround hеirhеаd nd

nесK аmаne].I ioness larэnеs|(] [cmа|eio n

liv ing 'lwтц/ sing] onеy o buy hings hаt ou

neеd n Iife:Нowdoeshe mаkе а living out of

сlеaning thеstrеet'?

loуalty /'1эlэlti/ U,С]а strong eеling hаtyouwant

to be loуаlIo sb:a саsеoJ dividеd loуаIties

(_ withstrong eelings f support or wo diffеrеnt

сausеs, еoрlе, tс.)

nephеw /'nеfiu:/ С] hе sоnof yourbrothеr r

sistеr,r hе sonof уourhusbаnd.sr wifе.s

brothеr r sistеrnieсe /ni:s/ С] he dаUghtеr f yourbrothеr r sistеr,

thеdаughtеrf yourhusbаnd'sr Wifе.s rothеr r

siStеrprinсe /prтns/ С] sonor othеr |osеmаlе е|аtivе

of a king r qUеen

prinсess 'prrn'ses/ С] dаughter r other |ose

fеmаle е|аtivef а king r qUeеn

quеen kwi:n/ С] hе еma|eu|er f а сountry

rеsearсh rI sз:tJ/ U] detаilеd nd саrеfuI tudy f

sth o findoutmorе nformаtionbout t

romanсe /rэо,mitns/ [С,U] |ovе ffаir

saсrifiсe 'sakrIfars/ С] o giveUp sth hаt s

importаntr vаIuаb|еo уou n ordеr o gеtor do

sth hаt eеmsmorе mportаnt

shepherd ,Jеpэd/ с]аpersonwhosе ob s 0 |ook

after hееpengineer/еnd3r.nIэ/С] personwhosе ob s o

dеsign uildor rеpаir ngtnes, асnlnes,tс. n а

building it е

Verbsсonquer 'koчkэ/ o suссeedn сontrol l ingr

dеaIing itha strongеeling, roblеm, tс .

deсeive/dl si:v/ O rу o mаkе b bеlieve th hаt s

noт ru еen(ourage/In'kшId5/ o givеhopе, Upport r

сonfidеnсеo sb

еnroI /m'reo1/o bесome r to mаkе bа mеmbеr

of a сlub'sсhool, tс: ,ve nrollеdon an ltаItaп

сoursеeхсе| rk'sеl/ o lэе erуgoodаt doing thfai| /ГеIl/o bе unsuссеssfuln sth

make/mеIk/ sbdo sth) o forсе b/stho do sth:yoU

соn'tmokе hеrсomewith us f shе doesn'twant to.

promote /prэ'mэot/ o аdvertisе th n ordеr o

inсrеаsеts а|еs r mаke t popu|аr

roсket /'rоkrt/ o inсreasе r rise eryquiсk|y:hey

roсkеted to 'аmеwith thе re|еasе f thеir irst

album.suссeed sэksi:d/ innh/doing th) Omаnаgеo

асhiеvе hаt оUWant;Odo Wе||

Ad eсtivesсonfliсting/kэn flIktrц/ usеd bout wo dеаs,

bеliеfs,tories,tс.) nаbleo ехistOgеthеrr o

bе both I uc: onfliсting moLionу

сonfused kэn'Гju:zdl otаb|е o hink leаr|y

disсerning dr.sз:пlц/b|е o rесognisеhe quaIttу

of sb/sthfed up /.fеd lр/ {with b/sth)orеd r unhаppy;

tiredof sthjaded 'd3еIdrd/irеd nd bored fter oiпg hе

sаmе hing ora |ong imewithout brеаkkeеn ki:n/ оn th) еrу nterestеdn sth,Wаntlngo

do sthperсеptive pэ sеptrv/ uiсk o notiсe r understаnd

th gssiсk /sтk/ Of b/nh) eelingborеdor аnnoуеd

bесаuse ou hаvеhаd oo mUсhof sb/sth:,m o

sick of mу ob.

surprised sэ'prarzd/eeling r showing urрrise:

wаssurprisеdbу hеr reасtion o thеspеесh,

trained /trеrnd/hаving ееn аUghto do sthwhiсh

wаsdi{f iсu|tr nеedеd rасtiсe

worth /wз:0/enjoyаblе r usefuIo do or hаvе, vеn

if it mеаns Хtra ost, ffort' tс.: t takes long

time to сlimb the hill, but thе viеwJrom the top s

worth it.

Adverbsсompared/kэm,pеэd/ tоsb/sth)n сontrаstWlth

slэ/sth

iolIу /'dзo1i/ informо|)еrу:

ldiomsfaII n love ( lv ith b) o stаrt еe| ing strongeеIing

of deеp ffeсtionor sb hаt oU rе eХUаllу

аttraсtеd0lose your mind to goсrаzу

make un of sb/sth o аugh t sb/sthn аn unkind

waу:The older сhi|drenаrе аlwауs mоking Jun of

his оссent

snаpdeсision deсisionhаt s аkеn uiсk|ynd

suddenlу'ftеnwithout nyсarеfuIhoUght

stroke of Iuсk а single uссessfu|сtionor еVent: t

wоsа stroke of luсk thаt | 'oundуou hеrе

takе advаntageof sth to mаkeusеof sthWе||,0

mаkеusе f аn 0pp0riunitу

turn your baсk on sb/sth o refusеo bе nvolved

With b/sth: е turnedhis bасk on his саreerand

wеnt to livе in the сountrу.

Phrasal еrbsbreakup (lvith b) o епdа rе|аtionshipith b

сlownaround o асt n а funny r oоlish ау

find sth out to disсover th

Iookbaсk (on th) o hinkаbout th п уoUr аs t

look through th o rеаd thquiсk|y

make for sb/sth o movе owаrds b/sthmake up for sth to do sth hаtсorreсts bаd

situаtion: 1ow an I mаke up for the horm l've

done?opt out (ofsth) o сhoose ot o tаkеpаrt n sth; 0

dесideo stop еingnvo|vеdn sth

(Ф



New

Matrlx new edition of the сhalIenging seсondarу сourse whiсh

PrePares students for suссess in their sсhool.leaving exams.

Popular eatures mprovedand updatedin гesponse o teaсheгs'feedbaсk:... thought-pгovokingopiсs and authеntiс еxts. l. dеmandingmatегia|so build onfidеnсе

cvctemаtiс ёY:m t.^:î^ +^^|,^ i.. ,аnd teгhniпrrcc-/ ' ' - ' . .*' ' ' 'l d|| ||||B. с2\d| |I Ld>l\>l L|l-- *''* .-*'' ' ' '.1--.

.:|'grammaГ сtivatеd hгoughсommuniсativе askseгnnЬ:cic оn рffedirze nгndr rгt iоn.

- spеаking n a гangеof invo|ving ubjесts

_ stеp-by_stеpuidanсе n wгltinga vaгiеtyof tеxts.:i. еgular еvision nd rесyс|ing]::. гammarгеfегеnсеl diсttonaгy_sty|eoгdIist

WhatЪ new?buiIding f kеyvoсabulary oсoVег hе еxamtopiсs n еvегyunitin Word foсus

.i', mPгovеdgгammaгpгaсtiсе еssonsаddеd ski||s raсtiсеwith exam_|ikеasksеnhanсеdсovегagеof сu|tuге n Сulturе oсus

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New Matrix Upper Intermediate