NEW MATERIALS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS IV

EXTENDED ABSTRACTS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONALSYMPOSIUM ON NEW MATERIALS FOR

ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS

Montreal, Quebec, CanadaJuly 9-13,2001

Editor

O. Savadogo

Published at:

Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal

111

Contents

CHAPTER 1: SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT AND GENERAL ASPECTS 1

General Progress in The Research of Solid Polymer Fuel Cell Technology 3David P. Wilkinson and Alfred E. Steck

Status on the Development of Zinc Air Battery Technology 4Michael J. Root

Modeling Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Performances 5Tatsuhiro Okada

Technical and Commercial Aspects of Small Fuel Cells for Portable Electronic Devices 7H. Chang and S. Y. Yoon

Status on the Development of Oxide Based Anodes for Electrochemical Depollution 8A. Savall, N. Belhadj Tahar, C. Manarancheji. Abdelhedi, Y. Samet, S. Chaabane Elaoud

New generation and universal fuel cells 11Bin Zhu

Stabilized Electrolyte/Matrix Structures Made by Tape Casting for Molten CarbonateFuel Cells (MCFC) 12

G. Prabhu, R. Chandrasekaran andR. Pattabiraman

Evaluation of Metallic Current Collector Methods and Materials for Tubular SOFC 13G. Tompsett V. Bouvier, D. Johnson andN. Sammes

Contemporary Electrodes with No Precious Catalysts for AFC Technology 16Pascal Gouerec, Trygve Burchardt, William Stinissen and James H. Miners.

Electrochemical Studies of Modified Electrode Containing Ru (II) Redox CentersIn The Presence of NO 18

M. Konzen and C. V. Franco

New sensors of composition of electrolytes used in the copper electrorefining technology 20Przemyslaw Los, Bogustaw Fuglewicz, Grzegorz Malachowicz, Stanislawa Plinska,Olimpia Gtadysz, Edward Krzy'zak, Malgorzata Sowinska, Sylwia Szarafinska and group of engineers

New Materials for Sensitive Biosensors 22R.Kataky, E.Morgan, R. Dell

Environmental Sensing Potential with Arrays of Boron-Doped Diamond Microdisk Electrodes 23Ph. Rychen, C. Madore, J. Gobet, Andre Perret and W. Haenni

Pt-ZrO2 sensor for oxygen activity measurements in glass melts 26R. Vargas, A. Romero, L. Enriquez, M. Angeles, F. Farelas and S. Gonzalez

The Application of Electrolysis in the Technology of Inorganic Compounds of Arsenic 29A.V. Smetanin, A. P. Tomilov, M. K. Smirnov

Electrical resistance of Cs-Rb-fullerene salt at low temperatures 31S. Zaginaichenko, Z. Matysina and V. Chumak

xi

Investigation of paraelectrician-ferroelectrician phase transition in KDP crystals 33Z. Matysina, M. Modlinskyy and V. Chumak

Synthesis of LiCoO 2 and LiMg 0.05 Co0.95O2 thin films on porousNi/NiO cathodes for MCFC by Complex Sol-Gel Process (CSGP) 35

W. Lada, A. Deptula, B. Sartowska, T. Olczak, A.G. Chmielewski,M. Carewska, S. Scaccia, E. Simonetti, L. Giorgi, A. Moreno

Trends in the Danish hydrogen and fuel cell programmes 37Bent S0rensen

Electrodeposition of the Tellurium (IV) from Electrolytes with Heterocyclic Amines 39M.D.Dergacheva, V.N.Statsyuk, LA.Fogel, N.V.Penkova, R.N.Matakova

Electroformation of Three-Basic Lead Sulfate on a Passivated Lead Electrode 40Eleonora Maria RUS, Delia Maria CONSTANTIN and Georgeta TARALUNGA

High-Temperature Elecrochemical Systems for Chromium Silicides Synthesis 43V.VMalyshev, N.N.Uskova, S.Y. Sarychev

Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide by Emulsion Method and its Investigation in Lithium Batteries 45E.M.Shembel, R.DApostolova, N.N.Shapa and BJ.Melnikov

Electrochemical degradation of p-nitrophenol from aqueous solutions by using PbO2

as electrocatalytic material 46MA. Quiroz, S. Reyna and C. Martinez-Huitle

Influence of the preparation method on the electrochemical and morphological propertiesof Ti/Ruo.3Pb(o,7-I)Tix02 coated electrodes 48

A. R. De Andrade andD. T. Cestarolli

Electrolytic recovery of Ni, Cd, Fe using liquid gallium electrode 51A. Chiba

Effects of sonication and vibration on the electrodeposition of nickel from ammonium bath 55A. Chiba ,T. Kobe, Y.Sasaki and T.Yamashita

An electrochemical gas sensor for nitrogen dioxide based on Pt/Nafion® electrode 58Wen-Tung Hung and Kuo-Chuan Ho

The use of carbon paste electrode modified with cobalt (II) tetrasulphophthalocyanine adsorbed onsilica/titania for reduction of dissolved dioxygen 61

Ana M. Castellani, Jose E. Goncalves and Yoshitaka Gushikem

Development of a New Amperometric Sensor For Dissolved Dioxygen in Aqueous Media 63RTF. Porto, L.M.S. Colpini, CA. Garcia and C.M.M. Costa

CHAPTER 2: FABRICATION AND CHARACTERISATION 65

Electrochemical Characterization of Fuel Cell Membrane and Electrode Assemblies 67Peter G. Pickup

Studies of the hydrogen evolution reaction on Raney nickel-molybdenum electrodes 69L. Birry and A. Lasia

xii

Impedance Characterization of Hydrogen Adsorption-Absorptioninto a Mg2Ni Alloy Single Particle Electrode 73

M. Mohamedi, T. Sato, T. Itoh, M. Umeda, and I. Uchida

Electrodeposition of Ni and Spinel Oxide Particles for the Oxygen EvolutionReaction in Alkaline Medium 76

C. Secours, S. Essiembre, B. Marsan, andJ.-P. Celis

Procedure for Comparing High Surface Pt/C Catalysts 78A. Pozio, M. De Francesco, A. Cemmi, F. Cardellini, L. Giorgi

Electrocatalytic Properties of Nickel Electroless Films 81L. M. Abrantes and A. M. Fundo

Electrochemical Behavior of Amorphous and Crystalline Ruthenium Oxide Electrodes 83J.P. Zheng

Characterisation of precious metal incorporated Nafion films and their activity towardsmethanol oxidation and oxygen reduction 86

C.L.Green and A.R.Kucernak

Surface modified ruthenium nanoparticles: structural investigation and surface analysisof a selective catalyst for oxygen reduction 88

S. Fiechter, M. Bron, J. Radnik, M. Fieber-Erdmann, E. Holub-Krappe, I. Dorbandt,P. Schubert-Bischoff, U. Bloeck, M. Giersig, M. Hilgendorff, H. Schulenburg,P. Bogdanoff, H. Tributsch

Pt and Pt:Ru Nanoparticles Prepared by Combustion Chemical Vapor Deposition 90M. Clarke Miller, Kyle Reed, Yardlynne Smalley, Pablo Conde and Peter W. Faguy

Preparation of Co-Substituted Nickel Hydroxide and its ElectrochemicalPerformance and Structural Characterization 92

Yongjun LENG, Xiaozhen LIAO, Jingxin ZHOU, Zifeng MA

Iron Based Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction from Pyrolysis ofNitrogen Containing Polymers 94

H.Schulenburg, M.Hilgendorff, I.Dorbandt, M.Bron, PBogdanoff, S.Fiechter, H.Tributsch

NixCo3_xO4 mixed valency oxides nanoparticles/polypyrrole compositeelectrodes for oxygen reduction 97

V. de la Garza, H. Nguyen Cong and P. Chartier

Microelectrode Technique Applied on a Single Spherical Particle of Nickel Hydroxide 100M. Mohamedi, T. Sato, T. Itoh, M. Umeda, and I. Uchida

Nickel Electrode Active Material Containing Cobalt and Cadmium Additives 102Delia Maria CONSTANTIN, Eleonora Maria RUS and Georgeta TARALUNGA

Plasma modifications to improve the properties of membranes for PEM fuel cells 105/ . FeichtingerJ. Kerres, A. Schulz, M. Walker and U. Schumacher

Characterization of the water and methanol permeability of new acid-base blend membranes 108/ . FeichtingerJ. Kerres, A. Schulz, M. Walker and U. Schumacher

Electrochemical properties of meldola's blue immobilized onsilica/titania/antimonate prepared by sol-gel method HI

Jose Eduardo Gongalves;Cldudia Urbano Ferreira

xiii

Efficiency of diamond-like carbon films on corrosion protection of titanium alloys 113M. A. S. Oliveira, M. Massi, L. N. Nishioka, G. P. Thim and A. K. Vieira

New types of graphite stable for the prolonged electrochemical oxidation 116T. Motronyuk, I. Barsukov, V. Barsukov, E. Frackoviak and F. Beguin

Polyaniline/ exfoliated graphite composites as catalysts for oxygen reduction 118V. Barsukov, V. Khomenko, S. Chivikov and I. Barsukov

Mox(CO)n based Methanol Tolerant Electrocatalyst for O2 Electroreduction in Acid Electrolyte 120R. H. Castellanos, A. L. Ocampo, and P. J. Sebastian

Preparation of Pt/WO3 powders and thin films on porous carbon blackand metal supports by the Complex Sol-Gel Process (CSGP) 124

A. Deptuia, W. Lada, T. Olczak, B. Sartowska, L. Giorgi, A.Di Bartaloomeo

Synthesis and characterization of L&i-.xSTxMnO3+s thin films from polymeric precursors 127M. Gaudon, C. Laberty-Robert, F. Ansart, P. Stevens and A. Rousset

Anodic deposition of nickel hydroxide for aqueous batteries 130Chi-Chang Hu and Chen-Yi Cheng

Production and Electrochemical Testing of Sacrificial Anodes in Persian Gulf Water 132M. Sadrossadat

Kinetic Study of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Rux(CO)n in Acid Mediumwith Different Concentrations of Methanol 134

A. L. Ocampo, R. H. Castellanos and P. J. Sebastian

Novel metal-oxide electrodes for the facile electron transfer to redox proteins 136G.Valincius, VReipa and V.V.Vilker

CHAPTER 3: ADVANCED PRIMARY AND SECONDARY BATTERIES 139

New Positive Electrode Materials For Rechargeable Lithium Batteries 141D. Guyomard, V. Legagneur, E. Potiron, A. Le Gal La Salle and A. Verbaere

Synthesis of LiNii_j,CoyO2 powders by Complex Sol-Gel Process (CSGP)and their electrochemical characterization 143

A.Deptuta, W. Lada, F. Croce, A.D'Epifanio, A. Di Bartolomeo, A. Brignocchi, T.Olczak

A microporous phosphate as positive electrode material for lithium batteries 146Pierre Tran-Van, Karin Barthelet, Mathieu Morcrette, Michel Herlem,

Jean-Marie Tarascon & Gerard Ferey

Effects of Oxygen Vacancy on Structural Changes and Charge-Discharge Propertiesin Lii+yMn2_yOi_<s Type Cathode Materials 148

X. Q. Yang, Z. F. Ma, J. McBreen, Yongyao Xia, T. Sakai and M. Yoshio

Development of Li-Mn-Me-O Compounds for High Voltage Li Ion Batteries 150Atsushi Ueda, Kazutaka Uchitomi, Shigeo Aoyama, Masahiro Kasai, Takahiro Yamaki,Genei Nakajima and Muneyuki Tanaka

Novel electrochromic batteries: I. A PB-WO3 cell with a nominal voltage of 135 V 153Lin-Chi Chen, Yu-Hsien Huang, Kuei-Sheng Tseng, and Kuo-Chuan Ho

xiv

Novel electrochromic batteries: II. An InHCF-WO3 cell with a high visual contrast 155Lin-Chi Chen, Kuei-Sheng Tseng, Yu-Hsien Huang, and Kuo-Chuan Ho

Lii.iV3O8 and Substituted Derivatives: Synthesis, Structural Characterizationand Lithium Insertion Properties 157

S. Jouanneau, A. Le Gal La Salle, A. Verbaere et D. Guyomard

Performance and rate capability measurements on LiMn2O4 spinels for lithium-ion batteries 159O. Haas , M. Lanz , C. Kormann and P. Novak

Development of New Anodes for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries 162Giselle Sandi

Characterization and Electrochemical Performance of Carbonaceous MesophaseSpherules Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries 163

Hai-Ping Hu, Zi-Feng MA, Xiao-Qing YANG, Er-Chao SHANG, Jian-Feng WANG, J.McBreen

Effect of microstructural change of carbonaceous materials on lithiumtransport through carbonaceous materials in high capacity lithium secondary batteries 165

Su-Il Pyun and Seung-Bok Lee

Electrochemical behavior of different aluminum alloys as negative electrodein lithium ion batteries 167

T.Brousse.Y.Hamon, FJousse, P.Topart, P.Buvat and D.M.Schleich

High capacity, high rate rechargeable Li batteries using composite Sn-based anodes 170/ . M. Miller, L.Wang, M. Fay, M. Wixom, and LI. Thompson

Next-generation of Carbon-based Anode Materials 173C. Lampe-Onnerud, J. Shi, P. Onnerud, H. Stuhler, R. Chamberlain, B. Burnett

Characterization of Pyrite/Electrolyte Composite Cathodes for ThermalBatteries Prepared by Plasma-Spraying 175

Ronald A. Guidotti, Frederick W. Reinhardt, Jinxiang Dai and David E. Reisner

Low Temperature synthesis, characterization and evaluation of LiMn2O4

for lithium ion batteries 177V. Munidas, S. Sengupta, R. R. Roy, A. McLean and S. Dasgupta

Increased Cell Pressure: A New Consept of Increasing Metal Hydride Battery Performance 179L.O. Val0en, R. Brateng andR. Tunold

Investigation of Structural Fatigue in Spinel Electrode in Li/LixMn2O4 UsingLaser Probe Beam Deflection Technique 181

Kyung Yoon Chung and Kwang-Bum Kim

3-Dimensional Nano-structured Porous Thin Film Cathodes for Li SecondaryBatteries Prepared by Electrostatic Spray Deposition Technique 183

Ki-Hwan Oh, Sung-Ho Ban, Won-Sub Yoon, Kwang-Bum Kim

Synthesis Mechanism of Layered LiNiO2 Thin Film Cathodes Preparedby Electrostatic Spray Deposition Technique 185

Heung-Min Oh, Kyung-Keun Lee and Kwang-Bum Kim

Preparation of Sintered Oxide Ca0 9Nio.iMn03 and Its Cathodic Properiesin Alkaline solution *•"

Xi Xia, Xueqin Li, Zaiping Guo

xv

Electrochemical studies of heterogeneous reduction of tetracyanoquinodimethanein poly(ethyleneoxide) electrolytes

P. Los , G. Zabinska , A. Kisza , L. Christie, A. Mount and P.G. Bruce

Lithium transport through a sol-gel derived Lii_<5Mn2O4 film electrode:Analysis of current transient by Monte Carlo simulation 191

Su-Il Pyun and Sung-Woo Kim

Electrogravimetric study on the lithium transport through the Lii_*CoO2

film electrode prepared by r.f. magnetron sputtering 1955M-// Pyun, Joo-Young Go and Heon-Cheol Shin

Lithium Intercalation into Titanium Disulphide 195Georgeta TARALUNGA, ELEONORA MARIA RUS and Delia Maria CONSTANTIN

X-ray Absorption Spectroscopic Study of LiAlj/Coi_2/O2 Cathode Prepared by Sol-Gel Process 197Won-Sub Yoon, Kyung-Keun Lee, and Kwang-Bum Kim

The studies on capacity fading process of manganese-oxide electrode materials in Li-ion batteries 199W.Chu, Y.Yang, Z.G.Lin

Potassium doped Expanded Graphite: An Unique Material for Lithium Intercalation 200Ashoke Hazra and Indra N. Basumallick

Synthesis of a-, 3-, and Low Defect 7-Manganese Dioxides Using theElectrochemical-Hydrothermal Method and Study of their Li Insertion Behavior 202

L. I. Hill, A. Le Gal La Salle, A. Verbaere, andD. Guyomard

Li/S Rechargeable Batteries with Extraordinary Low Temperature Performance 204Yuriy V. Mikhaylik, James R. Akridge

Electrochemical properties of lead oxide films obtained by spray pyrolysis asnegative electrodes for lithium secondary batteries 206

M. Martos, J. Morales , L. Sanchez, R. Ayouchi, D. Leinen , F. Martin and JR. Ramos Barrado

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Chronopotentiometric Measurmentsfor the Determination of the Diffusion coefficient of Li ion in LiNii_yCoyO2 209

5. Chaloux, V. Gauthier and G. Brisard

Improving by Curing the Performance of Lead-Acid Battery Positive Plates 211Eleonora Maria RUS and Alexandru RUS

Electrochemical Investigation of a Metal-Hydride Electrode 214SA. Gamboa, PJ. Sebastian, F. Feng,M. Geng andD. O. Northwood

The Impedance Spectroscopy of Zn-MnO2 Battery 217Kuznetsov A. A.extbf, Kopich V. Yu.

Study on the improvement of cycle life of Li3_xCoxN as an anode of Li-ion secondary battery 218Yong-Mook Kang. Sung-Chul Park and Jai-Young Lee

High capacity Li,.iMn204Fo.o5 cathode materials for Li-ion rechargeable battery 219Zh. Y. Chen. X. Q . Liu L. Zh. Gao Z. L. Yu

Studies on Spinel Li-Mn-O-F Compounds for Cathode Materials of Lithium-ionSecondary Battery 221

Z. Y. Chen, L. Zh. Gao X. Q. Liu Z. L. Yu

xvi

Improvement of the thermal stability of delithiated Lii_xNiO2 by Co addition 223Kyung-Keun Lee, Won-Sub Yoon and Kwang-Bum Kim

Investigation of new low cost electrode material based on lanthanide manganites for high temperatureelectrochemical cell 225

V.Gorbunova, N.Gamanovitch, CNovikov andA.Gorbuno

Composition Optimization for Mg-based Alloys Used in Advanced NiMH Secondary Battery 227K. Young, M. A. Fetcenko, B. Reichman, and S. R. Ovshinsky

The Effects of Pretreatment on Activation Performance of ZrCro.7Nii.3 Alloys 229J. C. SUN Y. J. ZHANG S. J. JIZ. W. YU

Kinetics of hydrogen transport through Pd foil electrode in the coexistence oftwo hydride phases by analysis of anodic current transient 233

Su-Il Pyun, Jong-Won Lee and Jeong-Nam Han

Hydrogen atoms in the bulk and at the surface of crystal. Surface segregation 235D. Schur, Z. Matysina and V. Chumak

Hydrogen defects in crystals 238Z. Matysina and Ya. Yurkov

Cold neutron depth profiling of lithium battery materials 241G.P. Lamaze, H.H. Chen-Mayer, DA. Becker, F. Vereda, A. Gerouki, N. Clay,

P. Zerigian, T. Haas andR.B. Goldner

CHAPTER 4: POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS 245

Advancements in Fuel Cell Stack Technology at International Fuel Cells 247D J. Wheeler, J.Yi, R. Fredley, D. Yang, T. Patterson Jr.

Integrated Energy Supply and Wing Structure for Micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicles 249Alan Cisar, James Evans, David Gaskin, Carlos Salinas, and Christopher Boye

Designing Pt-Ru Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts at an Atomic Level 252J.X. Wang, S.R. Brankovic, andRR. Adzic

A 3-D Mathematical Model of a PEM Fuel Cell with Interdigitated Flow Fields 253P. Forges and A. Kazim

The Synthesis of Pt Alloy Nanoparticles for Smaller and HighlyActive Electrocatalysts in Direct Methanol Fuel cell 254

Kyung-Won Park, Seol-Ah Lee, Jong-Ho Choi, Boo-Kil Kwon, Yung-Eun Sung

Efficiency of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell and The Cathode Overpotential 256Ken-ichiro Ota, Shigenori Mitsushima, Naoki Araki, Akimitsu Ishihara and Nobuyuki Kamiya

Proton conducting ceramics for use in intermediate proton conducting fuel cells:modelling, materials selection and construction of fuel cell 259

D Browning, M Weston, J B Lakeman, P Jones, M Cherry

The development of a lightweight, ambient air breathing, tubular PEM fuel cell 261K. J. Green, R. Slee, J. B. Lakeman and D. J. Browning

xvii

Anistropic structure and transport properties in sulfonated polyimide membranes 263Laurent Rubatat, Anne-Laure Rollet, Jean Francois Blachot, Olivier Diat and Gerard Gebel

Successful Demonstration of Ballard PEMFCs for Space Shuttle Applications 266Jean St-Pierre, Nengyou Jia and William Hoffman

Status on the Development of PEM Fuel Cell Systems for Stationary Applicationsat H POWER CORP. 2 6 8

Mariana Ciureanu

Production of a Qualified PEMFC MEAPart U - Launch of a Qualified MEA - PRIMEA® Series 5621 MEA 269

Simon J.C. Cleghorn, Ph.D., Jeffrey A. Kolde

Durability of GORE-SELECT® Membrane in PEM Fuel Cells 271Wen Liu, Anurrag Singh, Greg Rusch, andKathy Ruth

Correlation of the MEA ex-situ examination and their performance in PEM fuel cells 272V. Stanic and F.Barbir

Characteristics of the PEMFC electrodes prepared by a colloidal method 274I.-H. Oh, J.-K. Lee, H.-Y. Ha, S.-A. Hong, andH.-S. Chun

Materials Issues Associated with Voltage Degradation in a PEMFC 276Michael Fowler, Ronald F. Mann, John C. Amphlett, Brant A. Peppley and Pierre R. Roberge

Anode Catalyst Materials for PEM-Electrolysis 278E. Rasten, G. Hagen andR. Tunold

CO Tolerance of Advanced MEAs for PEMFC 281Mahesh Murthy, M. Esayian, Alex Hobson, Steve MacKenzie, Woo-kum Lee,

Jeffery GlandtandJ. W. Van Zee

Electrode-membrane interface study of an alkaline solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell 284E. Agel, J. Bouet, J.F. Fauvarque.

Sulfonated Polysulfone as Proton Conducting Membranes for Fuel Cells 285F. Lufrano, I. Gatto, P. Staiti, V. Antonucci andE. Passalacqua

Electrochemical Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene to Aniline in a PEMFC reactor 287Xiaozi YUAN, Qizhong JIANG, Yongjun LENG, Weisheng WU, Zifeng MA

Dependence of PEM fuel cell performance on the configuration of the gas diffusion electrodes 289/ . Moreira, P. J. Sebastian, A.L.Ocampo, R.H.Castellanos, U.Cano andM.D.Salazar

Chemical Cogeneration in a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell 292D. Salazar

Minimum Operating Efficiency of a PEM Fuel Cell 293Ayoub Kazim

SANS study of BAM® Membranes 2 9 4

Gerard Gebel, Olivier Diat, Charles Stone

Large scale structure in Nafion membranes 297Laurent Rubatat, Olivier Diat, and Gerard Gebel

xviii

Zinc-Air Cell with KOH-Treated Agar Layer between Zinc Anode andElectrolyte Containing Hydroponics Gel 300

R.Othman, WJ.Basirun, A.H.Yahaya andA.KArof

Characteristics of Chitosan-Lithium Acetate-Palmitic Acid Complex BasedElectrochemical Cells 304

M.Z.A. Yahya andA.K. Arof

Effect of Plasticizers on Polymer Blend Electrolytes 306S.Rajendran, O.Mahendran* and R.Kannan

Characterization of the FYM Proton Exchange Membrane for PEMFC 308Xiaozi YUAN, Zifeng MA, Yongjun LENG, Qizhong JIANG, Zhongde ZHEN, Qingsu YANG

Hybrid inorganic - organic membranes by in situ growth of zirconium phosphateand zirconium sulfophenylphosphate in polybenzimidazole 310

J. Roziee, M. Marrony, M. Rhomari, B. Mula, G. Alberti, M. Casciola andD. J. Jones

Electrochemical behavior of Polypyrrole and Polypyrrole-Polyimide Composite 312Kirill Levine andJude O. Iroh

Development of composite membranes for DMFC 315S.M. J. Zaidi, S.D.Mikhailenko, S. Kaliaguine

Properties of New Membranes Based on Nation® and Heteropolyacids (HPAs)for H2/O2 PEMFCs Applications 317

B. Tazi and 0. Savadogo

Hydrogen/Oxygen Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCS) Basedon Alkaline-Doped Polybenzimidazole (PBI) 321

B. Xing and O. Savadogo

Parameters of PEM Fuel-Cells Based on New Membranes Fabricated from NAFION®,Silicotungstic Acid and Thiophene 324

B. Tazi and O.Savadogo

Effect of Silicotungstic Acid on the Properties of Nafion and Flemion MembraneFabricated from their Solution and DMF 328

H. Tian and 0. Savadogo

Hydrogen/Oxygen Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) Based onAcid-Doped Polybenzimidazole (PBI) 329

O. Savadogo and B. Xing

The Modeling of Molecular Structure and Ion Transport in Sulfonic Acid basedIonomer Membranes 335

S. J. Paddison

Towards waterfree polymer membranes for fuel cells:the concept of immobilized proton solvent 337M. Schuster, G. Scharfenberger, W. H. Meyer, H. G. Herz, M. Schuster and K. D. Kreuer

Proton conducting oxides and polymers for electrochemical appications 340K. D. Kreuer, M. Ise, A. Fuchs,M. Schuster, W. Munch, andJ. Maier

Investigation of the structure of the Membrane Electrode Assembly for SPFC 342Ihonen Jari, Jaouen Frederic, Lundblad Anders, Lindbergh Goran, Sundholm Goran

xix

Numerical Optimisation of the Structure of Cation Exchange Membranes344to Reduce Electroosmosis

Pierre SCHAETZEL and Silvia ALEXANDROVA

Sulfonated Polyimides for Fuel Cell Electrode Membranes Assemblies (EMA) 346S. Besse, P. Capron, O. Diat, G. Gebel, F. Jousse, D. Marsacq, M. Pineri, C. Marestin, R. Mercier

Application of Different Types of Polyaryl-Blend-Membranes in DMFC 348/ . Kerres, W. Zhang, L. Jorissen, V. Gogel

Composite Solid Electrolyte - Polymer Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell 350S.Kaliaguine

A working mass transport model with integrated electrochemistry for PEM FuelCells:Theory against experiments 352

L. Pisani, G. Murgia, M. Valentini and B. D'Aguanno

Development of Non-Perfluorinated Polymer Membranes for PEM Fuel Cells 355Jacques Roziee

Molecular Orbital Calculations of Proton Dissociation and Hydration ofVarious Acidic Moieties for Fuel Cell Polymers 356

M. Eikerling, S. J. Paddison, and T. A. Zawodzinski Jr.

Post-mortem analysis of radiation grafted fuel cell membrane by XPS 358Mohamed Mahmoud Nasefand Hamdani Saidi

Functionalised silica -sPEEK hybrid membranes for medium temperature fuel cells 361D. J. Jones, L. Tchicaya, B. Bonner, B. Bauer, R. Dutartre andJ. Roziee

Degradation of fuel cell tested membranes - a micro-Raman spectroscopic study 363H. EricsonJ. Kallio, T. Lehtinen.G. Sundholm, F. Sundholm and P. Jacobsson

Cross-Over Study of Polymer Membrane Electrolyte Based on Star Branched Copolymer 365A. Mokrini, andJ. L. Acosta

Fiber reinforced carbon aerogels as gas diffusion electrodes for PEM fuel cells 366M. Glora, M. Wiener, andJ. Fricke

CHAPTER 5: HYDROCARBON AND METHANOL FUEL CELLS 369

Recent Advances in Microfabricated Fuel Cells 371R.F. Savinell, J.S.Wainright, L. Dudik, C.C. Liu

Inorganic modification of membranes for direct methanol fuel cell 373S. P. Nunes, E. Rikowsky, B. Ruffmann and K. Richau

Composite Nafion Membranes for Polymer Electrolyte and Direct Methanol Fuel Cells 375V. Antonucci, P. Staiti, F. Lufrano,

A. Carbone, V. Baglio andE. Passalacqua

Preparation Strategies Towards Selective Ru-based Oxygen Reduction Catalystsfor Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

M Hilgendorff, S. Fiechter, P. Bogdanoff, H. Schulenburg, I. Dorbandt, M. Bron, H. Tributsch

xx

Modification of Nation (g) by low dose electron beam exposure for use asa polymer electrolyte membrane for DMFC. 379

L. J. Hobson, H. Ozu, M. Yamaguchi and S. Hayase

Nanostructured Gold and Alloy Catalysts for CO and MeOH Oxidation 381/ . Luo, Y. Lou, M. M. Maye, L. Han, D. R. Daniel, C. J. Zhong, andM. Hepel

Development of Materials for DMFC Cell Pack 383K.H. Choi, J. R. Kim, J.H. Cho, H.K. Kim andH. Chang

A Direct Ethylene Glycol Fuel Cell (DEGFC) 385E. Peled, T. Duvdevani, A. Aharon and A. Melman

Recent advances in membrane development for direct methanol fuel cell technology 386G. Rajendran

A methanol barrier polymer electrolyte membrane in direct methanol fuel cells 387Hong Wu, Yuxin Wang and Shichang Wang

Electrooxidation of Some Organic Molecules on Pt Doped Conducting PolymerCoated Electrodes 389

Figen Kadirgan

Characterization of Polyaryl-Blend-Membranes for DMFC Application 390F. Meier, J. Kerres, G. Eigenberger

Operational parameters of a DMFC with Pt/Ru electrodes prepared with reductionof formic acid 393

W. H. Lizcano-Valbuena, V. A. Paganin, E. R. Gonzalez

Composite Membrane Containing a Proton Conductive Oxide for Direct MethanolFuel Cell 395

S.Y. Cho, DM. Peck, DM. Jung, D.R. Shin, andJ.S. Kim

Low-Temperature Direct Propane Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Fuel Cell (DPFC) 397O. Savadogo and FJ. Rodriguez Varela

The Electrode Materials on Direct Electro-Oxidation of Acetals for Fuel Cell Applications 402O. Savadogo and X. Yang

Direct Acetals/Oxygen Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel-Cell (DAPEMFC) Basedon Pt-Alloys and Pt-Metal Oxides Composites Anodes 406

O. Savadogo andX. Yang

The Effects of the Electrode Materials on Direct gaseous Methanol Fuel Cells 409H. Chagnon and O. Savadogo

CHAPTER 6: SEMICONDUCTORS, SEMICONDUCTORS DEVICES AND PHO-TOELECTROCHEMISTRY 413

Industrial development of photoelectrochemical modules 415Bent S0rensen, Astrid Boisen, Finn S0rensen, Torben Lund, Keld West, Eik Bezzel,

Hanne Lauritsen, Signe Wedel

Photoelectrochemical Degradation of Orange U Textile Dye on WO3 Film Electrodes 417Jeremiah Yartym, Jin Luo, and Maria Hepel

xxi

Photoelectrochemical Characterization of Surface Modified CdTe for Hydrogen Production 420X. Mathew, PJ. Sebastian, A. Bansal* andJA. Turner

Nanocrystalline WO3 layers for photoelectrochromic and energy storage dyesensitised solar cells •*

U. Opara Krasovec, B. Orel, A. Hauch and A. Georg

Dye sensitised solar cell with a sol-gel type of electrolyte 426N. Groselj, U. Lavrencic $tangar,B. Ore, E. Stathatos, P. Lianos

Structural, Optical and Photoelectrical Properties of Hot Wall Deposited CdSe Films 428S.Velumani, Sa.K.Narayandass and D.Mangalaraj

Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Quantification Analysis of Passivation Layer (Si3N4)in Wafer Fabrication 431

Hua Younan

Studies on Electrochromic Processes of Electrodeposited WO3 Films 437Jin Luo, Chuan-Jian Zhong, Maria Hepel

Zinc Telluride Thin Film Electrodeposition and Studies 440T.Mahalingam and VS. John

Kinetics of copper photoelectrochemical deposition on silicon 442N. T. Silva, M. A. S. Oliveira, G. P. Thim

Photoelectrochemical Characterization of CdTe in Nafion Electrolyte 445/ . Pantoja, J. Moreira, X. Mathew and PJ. Sebastian

Photoelectrochemical Characterization of Porous Si: Possible Application inPhotoelectrolysis and Hydrogen Storage 448

N.R. Mathews, PJ. Sebastian, X. Mathew andJ.E. Lugo

Angular dependence of two color emission intensity from organic lightemitting diodes with microcavity structures 452

Fuh-Shyang Juang, Li-Hong Laih

The Effect of Heteropolyacids and Isopolyacids on the Properties ofChemically-Bath Deposited CdS Thin Films 455

N. Lejmi and O. Savadogo

Physico-Chemical Properties of CDTE/CDS Films Deposited by Electrochemicaland Chemical Methods. 45g

M. Ocampo, O. Savadogo and G. Brisard

CHAPTER 7: ELECTROCHEMICAL SUPERCAPACITORS 461

Development of New Oxide Materials for Electrochemical Supercapacitors 463J. Garche, M. Wohlfahrt-Mehrens

Status of the development of electric double layer capacitor 464T.Morimoto

Chemically Bonded Carbonaceous Material for Double-Layer Capacitor Applications 466R. Richner, S. Miiller, O. Haas, A. Wokaun

xxii

Influence of Self-Discharge on the Life Time of Double-Layer Capacitors Basedon Glassy Carbon and sulfuric Acid 468

M. Hahn, M. Bdrtsch, B. Schnyder, R. Kbtz, O. Haas

Effects of surface functional groups and pore size distributions of an activatedcarbon powder on electrochemical double layer capacitor performance 470

Su-Il Pyun and Chang-Hee Kim

Mesoporous nickel/nickel oxide electrodes for high power applications 473Phillip A. Nelson, Joanne M. Elliott, George S. Attard and John R. Owen

Chemically Synthesized Polythiophene as Active Electrode Material forElectrochemical Supercapacitors 476

D. Villers, L. Breau andD. Belanger

Ruthenium Oxide Thin Film Electrode For Supercapacitors Prepared By ESD Technique 479Il-Hwan Kim and Kwang-Bum Kim

Electrochemical and Electronic Properties of LixNii_xO (0 < x < 0.3) Thin FilmElectrodes Prepared by Electrostatic Spray Deposition Technique for ElectrochemicalCapacitors 481

Kyung-Wan Nam, Kwang-Bum Kim

Effects of PVA Addition on Cobalt Oxide Electrode for Electrochemical supercapacitor 483Han-Joo Kim, Soo-Gil Park

Preparation and Characterization of Manganese Dioxide for Electrochemical Supercapacitors 485M. Toupin andD. Belanger

Voltammetric Characterization of Iridium Oxide-Based System: The PseudocapacitiveNature of Ir0.3Mn0.7O2 electrode. 487

A. A. F. Grupioni and T. A. F. Lassali

XXUl