NEW INDUSTRIES, NEW INVENTIONS

Copy words in RED onto the blanks in your notes.

More events in the Industrial

Revolution1837 - Samuel Morse invents the

magnetic telegraph1851 - The Bessemer steel-making

process is developed1857 - A New York department store

installs the first safety elevator1859 - The first oil well is drilled1868 - Christopher Sholes invents the first

practical typewriter

1869 - The first transcontinental railway is completed in the United States

1879 - Thomas Edison perfects an incandescent light bulb

1885 - Karl Benz builds one of the first gasoline-powered automobiles

1885 - The first skyscraper is built in Chicago

1903 - The Wright Brothers make the first successful airplane

1908 - The first Model T Ford is built.

What is Industrialization?

• Industrialization: the process of using power-driven machinery to manufacture goods.

• Industrial Revolution: period of time during the 1700s & 1800s where we changed from human power to machine power -- not a sudden change, but a BIG change!

U.S. Birthday

• 1876 - United States celebrated it’s Centennial (100-year anniversary)

• Birthday party was the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia

• Millions of people came to see new American advancements in art, science, & technology.

Why did industry grow?

RailroadsMade it possible to exchange materials & goods across the country

Inventions

New ideas made the U.S. an industrial giant. More patents (guarantees an inventor all profits for his or her invention for a certain length of time) were issued. 1860 - 1900 = 650,000 patents issued.

Growing Industry cont.

Natural Resources

A LOT of mineral wealth, including coal, iron ore, and oil. Forests, water resources, and fertile land also important.

Human Talent

1860 - 1900 = U.S. population doubled (31 million to 76 million) (14 million immigrants)

Capital (profit)

Banks & wealthy people lended their money to businesses for factories, buildings, and railroads.

Steel Industry

• Steel = iron alloy (mixture of iron and other metals)

• Long been used for knives, swords, or guns but was very expensive to make

• 1860s Bessemer process = make iron into steel at a low cost (used a converter to blow hot air through molten pig iron)

Sir Henry Bessemer

The Bessemer Process

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Steel Industry cont.

• Nation’s steel output increased 10 times between 1877 and 1892

• Greatest demand for steel = railroads• 1882 90% of all steel made went

into making railroad rails • Coal = needed fuel• Coal & iron mining/steel making

Electricity

• 1800s = learned how to make electricity with an electrical generator

• 1890s = Nikola Tesla (Croatia immigrant) used generators to harness the power of Niagra Falls to create electricity

Thomas Edison

• Wanted to invent useful things• 1876 = set up workshop in Menlo

Park, New Jersey to find new ways to use electricity

• 1879 = improved the lightbulb• By 1882 some New York City

buildings were using electric light

Thomas Edison

• Electric lighting replaced gas lights quickly

• 1899 = Edison’s factory produced 25 million light bulbs

• Also developed the dictating machine, motion-picture camera, and phonograph (music player)

Communication & Electricity

• 1840s = telegraph stations increased in Europe & the United States

• 1866 = telegraph cable was laid under the Atlantic Ocean (crazy!!!)

• Alexander Graham Bell, Scottish immigrant, created a device to send sound and not just electrical signals…

Bell & the Telephone

• Bell showed off his telephone at the 1876 Centennial Exposition

• 1877 = telephone lines connected Boston & Salem in Massachusetts

• By 1890s = many American cities connected by long-distance telephone lines

Model of Bell’s First Telephone

Bell demonstrating the telephone in 1892

Changes in Everyday Life

• Companies began mass-producing items people had once made for themselves

• 1878 = Procter & Gamble accidentally made a bath soap that floated = Ivory Soap

• Ready-made clothing could be bought in new Department stores (women’s clothes were mass produced -- everyone could now wear the latest fashions!)

• R.H. Macy founded in New York City• Marshall Field founded in Chicago• Department Stores offered customers a

wide variety of brands• Chain stores were created & made low-

cost goods available in small towns.• People living far from stores could also

order from catalogs --- Sears, Roebuck, or Montgomery Ward (yay shopping!!!!)