New English File Advanced U1A (extra) benefit n fml Private

New English File Advanced U1A

(extra) benefit n fml Private healthcare insurance is one of the benefits.

catch up with phr v I eventually caught up with my work.

challenging adj My job is enjoyable but very challenging.

demanding adj Being a surgeon is extremely demanding.

do voluntary work vp I did voluntary work before looking for a paid position.

get a rise vp My salary's very low so I'm hoping to get a rise soon.

good prospects np A job with good prospects offers chances for promotion.

in a sense idm Life was tough, but, in a sense, it made me stronger.

job security np In the poor economic climate job security is crucial.

monotonous adj I wanted variety after doing such a monotonous task.

motivating adj Working with such a good team is very motivating.

(be) off work prep phr When I broke my legs I was off work for six months.

on a short-term contract prep phr

After being on a short-term contract I'd like some job security.

(be) on maternity leave prep phr

She'll be on maternity leave for nine months in total.

the opportunity (to do sth). np

I'd like a job that gives me the opportunity to travel.

out of work prep phr After being made redundant I was out of work for a year.

qualifications n He failed his exams and left school with no qualifications.

repetitive adj Many repetitive tasks are now done by computers.

rewarding adj The charity didn’t pay much but the work was rewarding.

tedious adj He lost interest in the job because it was so tedious (syn. boring)

temporary job np She had a temporary job when she was studying.

unpaid work ap You should include paid and unpaid work on your CV.

English Vocabulary in Use Advanced New 2nd Edition

U3 At Work: Colleagues and Routines

anti-social/ irregular (hours) adj

I'm a pilot and my irregular and anti-social hours don't enable me to have a

normal social life.

collaboration n In the company's office there's a lot of day-to-day collaboration.

counterpart n Having a counterpart like Dan is a great support.

dead-end (job) adj I feel sorry for people who are in dead-end jobs or feel trapped in them.

(be/work) freelance My husband is freelance - he's a computer programmer.

meet a deadline vp Often when I have to meet a deadline I need to stay longer at work.

mundane adj I do fairly mundane tasks and my job's monotonous and repetitive.

(be) stuck behind a desk

As I'm a pilot, I'm not stuck behind a desk, but long-haul flights are tiring.

rapport n Our new boss established a good rapport with everyone.

take the initiative vp Their manager likes them to take the initiative.

talk shop infml We socialise with my workmates outside of work, but we try not to talk shop on

those occasions.

working relationship np

I have a good working relationship with my colleagues.

workload n I've had a heavy workload recently, though sometimes it can be quite light.

workmate n I socialise a lot with my workmates outside of work.

English Vocabulary in Use Advanced new 2nd edition

U4 At Work: Recruitment and Job Satisfaction

holiday entitlement np

My holiday entitlement is four weeks per year.

increments n (fml) Do you get regular salary increments or have to ask for pay rise?

job satisfaction np Is job satisfaction just having a pleasant workplace more than that?

lucrative adj If you are seeking a lucrative career in software sales, then contact us.

overworked and underpaid

Overworked and underpaid is an informal humorous fixed expression.

seek a career in ... If you are seeking a lucrative career in software sales, then contact us.

team player np If you're a team player with a strong desire to succeed, this job is for you.

voluntary/compulsory redundancies np

Because of the bad financial situation, the company announced that there would

have to be voluntary/compulsory redundancies.

New English File Advanced U1B

(be) alike adj My sister and I are alike in looks but not in character.

bring up phr v After his parents died, he was brought up by his aunt.

distant relative np As my dad's second cousin, Jack is a distant relative.

extended family np In the UK, extended families tend not to live together.

family get-together idm

I dread the traditional family get-together at Christmas.

grow up phr v I was born in London but I grew up in Wales.

half-brother/ sister n My half-brother and I look very similar.

have a skeleton in the cupboard idm

Most families have a skeleton in the cupboard.

nuclear family np Single-parent families are replacing the nuclear family.

(be) on speaking terms idm

We don't get on; in fact, we aren't on speaking terms.

run in the family idm My sisters both have red hair; it runs in the family.

see eye-to-eye idm I don't see eye-to-eye with my father about politics.

single-parent family np The rise in divorce has led to many single-parent families.

spread out phr v Today families are often spread out across the country.

step-brother/ step-sister / step parent n

When my father remarried I acquired a step-brother/ a step-sister.

take after phr v She takes after her mother, who is also dark-haired.

the black sheep of the family idm

As the black sheep of the family, he was never welcome.

your own flesh and blood idm

How can you treat your own flesh and blood so badly?

New English File Advanced

U1 Colloquial English: Family Secrets

rack your brains idm Rack your brains and remember where it is!

that's a shame vp Paul can't come? Oh, that's a shame.

time-consuming adj Genealogy is time-consuming but worth all the effort


adulthood n She spent most of her adulthood travelling.

boredom n All I remember about that drab place is the boredom.

germ n I clean a lot because I worry about germs.

hatred n His eyes were cold and full of hatred.

(be) liable to adj Are you more liable to get a cold if you feel cold?

misery n Poor people at that time led lives of misery.

outlook on np There was one event that changed his outlook on life.

scold v She scolded him for breaking the window.

splendid adj He had splendid toys that we all wanted to play with.

wisdom n Wisdom is a quality that increases with experience.


U10 Relationships: Friends Forever

adoration n The parents gazed at their new-born baby with a look of tender adoration.

affection n He never shows much affection for his children.

affectionate adj I feel very affectionate towards him, but I'm not in love with him.

have/ feel a bond (with) n

My grandmother is a person I feel a close bond with.

consideration n Stop talking! Have some consideration for the other students!

devoted (to) adj She's absolutely devoted to her mother and visits her every day.

faithful adj He's faithful, as he knows that faithfulness is the key to a good marriage.

family ties n phr I think family ties in Spain are much stronger than here.

feel head over heels in love

She fell head over heels in love with him. (deeply and madly in love)

fondness n Over the years she developed a fondness for Dan that went beyond a purely

business relationship.

get on like a house on fire

We have a very good, enjoyable relationship - we get on like a house on fire.

inseparable adj We always want to be together and we're very close, we are inseparable.

soulmate n Who in your life is a real soulmate for you?

(un)supportive adj He's very supportive of his colleagues. He's very lucky.

well-matched adj You seem to be perfect for each other, you're such a well-matched couple

mutual acquaintances n phr

I was introduced to Zoe by some mutual acquaintances.


U11 Relationships: Ups and Down

ally n We have relationships with colleagues, allies and partners.

behind one’s back We expect loyalty from our friends, despite our faults, and should give it in return,

never speaking ill of them behind their backs.

be on bad terms (with) They've been on bad terms for a long time.

a broken home The kids have been unhappy since their parents divorced. They come from a

broken home.

casual acquaintances np

Friends are much more than casual acquaintances.

discord n There's been a lot of discord (disagreement) in their office lately.

disloyal (to) adj He has been disloyal to me on a number of occasions.

distant towards sb. Sam has been distant towards me recently. (not friendly, cold)

a family feud np The two brothers haven't spoken for almost 20 years because of something bad

that happened. I think it's a family feud.

have one's ups and downs idm

Her marriage has had its ups and downs.

rival n We were business partners but now we're bitter rivals.

split up phr v Carla's affection for John has turned sour lately, I expect they'll split up.

sworn enemies np About people who will always hate each other we could say they are sworn

enemies.

(be) two-faced towards sb.

I used to think of her as a true friend but now I realise she has been two-faced

towards me.


at the time prep phr He missed the eclipse as he was on the tube at the time.

at times prep phr I have a bad back, which makes me irritable at times.

catch up with (sb) phr v

Modern technology allows us to catch up with friends.

cope (with) v How do we manage to cope with so many distractions?

for the time being idm I'll move eventually but I'm OK here for the time being.

from time to time prep phr

There's nothing wrong with a takeaway from time to time.

give (sb) a hard time idm

My friend gave me a hard time because I was so late.

have the time of your I had the time of my life at the party.

life idm

in (two days') time prep phr

I can't believe we'll be leaving in two days’ time.

in time (for) prep phr He didn't arrive in time for the flight so he missed it.

kill time idm There wasn't much to do at the airport to kill time.

make up for lost time idm

After so long apart we wanted to make up for lost time.

on time prep phr If you don't get here on time I'll leave without you.

peak n The evening is the peak of online activity.

short of time np We're short of time so don't take too long getting ready.

spare the time vp I'd love to help but I just can't spare the time.

take time off prep phr After the accident she took a lot of time off

take your time idm There's no hurry, so take your time.

time's up idm Time’s up. The exam is over.

with time to spare idm I thought I'd be late but I got here with time to spare

New English File Advanced U2C

get into trouble idm He got into trouble for browsing the Internet at work.

get out of the way idm You're blocking the door, please get out of the way.

get rid of idm Moving home is a good time to get rid of stuff.

get the impression idm We got the impression he was angry.

get the joke idm I didn't laugh because I didn't get the joke.

get to know (sb) idm She's actually really nice when you get to know her.

get on (sb's) nerves idm

The loud music was really getting on my nerves.

get the message idm I've tried to drop hints but he never gets the message.

get one’s own way idm You always argue until you get your own way.

not get anywhere idm I'm not getting anywhere with this crossword.

get away with phr v People who cheat in exams don't usually get away with it.

get back to (sb) phr v I hope they get back to me soon with more information.

get behind phr v She was ill so she got behind with her work.

get by phr v When Bob lost his job we had to get by on my salary.

get into (sth) phr v I got into journalism when I wrote for the local paper.

get (sb) down phr v I don't mind cold weather but grey skies get me down.

get on with (sth) phr v Could you please get on with your work and stop talking.

get over (sth) phr v It took her a long time to get over the accident.

get through to (sb) phr v

I tried telling him but I just couldn't get through to him.

get together phr v Let's try and get together for lunch some time soon.

take revenge on (sb)vp She decided to take revenge on him.

New English File Advanced

U2 Colloquial English: Time and Technology

for the sake of it idm He talks for the sake of it and has nothing to say.

go down phr v If the Internet connection goes down, I'm lost.

to some extent prep phr

To some extent, we were happier when we were poorer.

tricky adj Finding time for my family can be tricky with my job.


Sounds:

bang n There was a loud bang that sounded like a gun.

buzz n I was kept awake by the buzz of mosquitoes.

click v Just click on that icon to download the software.

crash n We heard the crash but didn't see the accident.

hiss n The snake raised its head and gave an angry hiss.

hoot/toot v The other drivers hooted when I stopped suddenly.

hum v I don't remember the words but I can hum the tune.

roar n I could hear the roar of the crowd inside the stadium.

slam v Please don't slam the door. Close it gently.

sniff v Don't sniff! Get a handkerchief and blow your nose.

splash n There was a splash as she jumped into the pool.

The human voice:

giggle v When I told her the joke she giggled uncontrollably.

groan v The man was groaning in pain.

mumble v Don't mumble. The people at the back can't hear you.

sigh v He sighed unsympathetically when I said I'd need time off.

sob v She took the news very badly and began to sob.

stammer v He managed to stammer an embarrassed apology.

whisper v People were whispering about the scandal.

yell v Babies normally yell when they are given an injection.


U62 Sounds: Listen Up!

as quiet as a mouse idm

You're as quiet as a mouse! I didn't hear you arrive at all!

deafening adj The noise of the aircraft engines was deafening.

high-pitched adj Lucie has a very high-pitched voice; it can be a bit irritating at times.

(in)audible adj The recording was very faint, almost inaudible.

peace and quiet idm I need peace and quiet after a busy day at work.

silent films/movies np Silent films/movies were films made before sound was introduced.

soundless(ly) adj (adv) The object vanished soundlessly into the night sky.


arguably adv The film was arguably the best shown this year.

awkward adj She skipped over any awkward passages.

barely adv The researchers were barely acknowledged.

gripping adj The book was so gripping but the film didn't do it justice.

haunting adj It's a haunting tale about a child's loneliness.

heavy-going adj The film's great but the original book was heavy-going. (difficult to read)

(im)plausible adj If the book's characters are implausible (unbelievable) I stop reading.

intriguing adj It's an intriguing mystery story that keeps you guessing.

moving adj It's a moving story that really touches your heart.

profoundly adv Translations of the same work differ profoundly.

thought-provoking adj The book is very thought-provoking.


U21 Talking about Books

acclaimed adj The novel was written by the acclaimed writer. (praised by the public)

blurb n A blurb is a short text, usually printed on the back cover of a book, describing what

the book is about and sometimes including quotes from critics.

chilling adj The book is a chilling documentation of abuse in prison. (causing great fear)

compelling adj This is a compelling tale of mystery.

engaging adj It's an engaging tale about a boy who nurses an injured bird.

enigmatic adj It's a very enigmatic novel; you never really know what is really happening until

right at the end.

insight n This book contains some great moments of insight.

a page tuner np A page turner means a powerful story that keeps you interested.

readership n His books always attract a wide readership.


affluent adj The affluent West is better able to face global warming.

broke adj I'm so broke I can't even afford a pint of beer.

charge n There's an annual charge to use the underground car park.

consumer society np A consumer society is dominated by money.

cost a fortune idm The holiday cost a fortune but it was worth it.

cost of living np The cost of living has risen so our money doesn't go far.

deposit n We must pay the deposit by Monday.

donation n We give regular donations to a number of charities.

fare n You can find some good train fares if you look online.

fee n I couldn't afford the university fees.

good value for money idm

I look for good value for money when I'm shopping.

grant n There are grants available for installing solar panels in your home.

hard up Unfortunately, I'm a bit hard up at the moment.

income n Incomes have gone up, but so has the cost of living.

in debt A lot of people are in debt and unable to pay bills.

instalment n The first instalment of your loan is due next month.

interest rate np When interest rates are low try to pay off your debts.

in the black idm We're very optimistic now that we're finally in the black.

in the red idm I wasn't popular with my bank because I was in the red.

live beyond one’s means idm

You shouldn't live beyond your means.

loaded adj She might look working class but her family are loaded.

lump sum np When he retired, he opted to receive a lump sum.

make ends meet idm You have to prioritize what you spend money on when you can't make ends meet.

mortgage n It can be hard for first-time buyers to get mortgages.

overdraft n I need to reduce my large overdraft.

penniless adj His family were refugees who arrived here penniless.

savings n You should put your savings in a high-interest account.

share n Many people bought shares in utility companies.

standard of living Fortunately, our standard of living has improved.

stock market np Some people make money betting on the stock market.

wealthy adj Wealthy people can afford to buy good quality clothes.

well-off They aren't well-off but they go on holiday a lot.

will n His new will stipulated that all his money should go to charity after his death.


U45 Personal Finance: Making Ends Meet

charge … (to) v fml Could you charge it to my credit card, please?

credit card fraud np Someone used her card and bought hundreds of goods. I was a case of credit card

fraud. (also possible: identity theft)

direct debit np I pay my rent by direct debit every month, so I don't have to do anything.

electronic transfer np When I ran out of money in Thailand, my parents made an electronic transfer from

their bank acount to mine.

expire in/on … v My card expires in/on 05/15.

expiry date np The expiry date is 05/15.

a store card np A store card is a credit card issued by a store/shop for that store.

withdraw v I went to withdraw some money/ get some money out but I forgot my PIN (personal

identification number) and the ATM (automated teller machine/ cash machine/

cashpoint) swallowed my card after three wrong attempts.

stocks and shares np The bank tried to persuade me to put my money into a share portfolio, with stocks

and shares in different companies.


arrow n The king died when an arrow hit him in the eye.

blow up phr v They have blown up the cars of several politicians.

bow n The wood used to make a bow must be strong but flexible.

break out phr v We were all terrified when war broke out.

cannon n When the cannon hit the ship only a few survived.

capture v They captured over 300 rebels on their first raid.

casualty n The use of the hi-tech weaponry will inevitably result in many civilian casualties.

ceasefire n The ceasefire only lasted a week before hostilities resumed.

coup n The military coup against the government did not succeed.

defeat v The army finally defeated the rebel faction.

loot v Soldiers looted the city, putting shops out of business.

overthrow v It's often the leaders of tyrannical regimes who are the most difficult to overthrow.

refugee n We were one of the first countries to receive refugees.

retreat v The army retreated from the city to regroup.

shell v The rebels shelled the government building.

shield n A shield will not protect you from an attack from behind.

siege n As the siege continued, some hostages fell ill.

spear n The spears were no match for the army's weapons.

surrender v Some of the gang surrendered but the rest escaped.

sword n Even antique swords can still be sharp and dangerous.

treaty n It was a great moment when they signed the peace treaty.

troop n More troops need to be deployed in the region.

withdraw v The rebels were clearly outnumbered and withdrew.


U43 War and Peace

ambush v The patrol was ambushed on a remote highway.

besiege v The invading army besieged the city.

brutal suppression np Civil war may end in the brutal suppression of one group by another one. (violent

and cruel ending of the right or freedom to do something)

clash n There were violent clashes between police and demonstrators in the city.

conflict resolution np Conflict resolution may take years to bring into effect.

diplomacy n My job requires tact and diplomacy.

escalate v Occasional violence between the two groups eventually escalated into all-out civil

war.

ethnic cleansing np In extreme cases, civil war may end in ethnic cleansing and massacres.

hostilities n pl Hostilities finally ceased after five years of bloodshed. (acts of war)

a last resort np War is often seen as a last resort when relations between states break down totally

and diplomacy and such measures as economic sanctions have failed.

massacre n In extreme cases, civil war may end in ethnic cleansing and massacres.

rebellion n The rebellion lasted ten years before the dictator was defeated.

regime change np Military intervention may be carried out with the goal of regime change.

sanction n When diplomacy and economic sanctions had failed, the Cabinet voted to take

military action.

a suicide bomber np A suicide bomber killed 15 people at a military base yesterday.

truce v The two armies signed a truce in 2011.

unrest n Often wars begin with civil unrest and clashes between rival ethnic religions or

political groups.


addicted (to) adj She admitted that she was addicted to plastic surgery.

behavioural addiction np

Behavioural addictions include compulsive Internet use.

compulsive behaviour np

Compulsive behaviour makes you feel better temporarily.

dependent (on) adj An addict is dependent on something to feel good.

(become) hooked on (sth) phr v

Addicts become hooked on a substance.

obsessed (with) adj I became obsessed with keeping up my tan.

overcome an addiction (to)

She overcame addictions to shopping and the Internet.

seek treatment His marriage broke up when he refused to seek treatment.

wreck (lives) v Addictions wreck lives and should be treated seriously.


U2 Education: Debates and Issues

comprehensive education np

Comprehensive education is a basic political ideal in many countries.

curriculum reform np Curriculum reform is often done for political reasons rather than for good

educational ones.

excel v All parents want their children to excel at school.

league tables np League tables list schools from good to bad according to their exam results.

lifelong/ continuing education np

Nowadays, lifelong/ continuing education is an issue, and creating opportunities

for mature students is important.

literacy n Literacy refers to the ability to read.

mature (students) adj Mature students are adult students older than the average student.

national syllabus np The national syllabus is a plan of what is to be studied.

numeracy n Numeracy refers to the ability to count and do maths.

one-to-one adj At university I was lucky enough to have a lot of one-to-one tutorials, just me and

the tutor.

perceive v Emphasis on the three Rs is perceived by parents to be the key to success.

scholarship n A scholarship is money given to pay for studies, usually provided on the basis of

academic merit.

selective schooling np Equality opportunity is often referred to in the debates over selective versus

comprehensive schooling.

special needs education np

Special needs education is expensive because class sizes need to be small or one-

to-one.

student loan np Student loans are money that students can borrow from a bank while studying and

then pay back once they are in work.

tertiary (education) np Tertiary education is the stage that follows secondary education.

tuition fee np There are student loans which allow undergraduates to pay for their tuition fees

and living expenses while they are studying.

undergraduate n A student who is doing a first degree is an undergraduate.


(in)effective adj Some medicine is ineffective at preventing illness.

mainstream adj He had radical, rather than mainstream, views.

strain n Reading in bad light can cause temporary eye strain.

(un)proven adj The results are unproven and need further testing.

watch one’s weight Don't eat chocolate when you're watching your weight.

Similes:

as blind as a bat I'm as blind as a bat without my glasses.

as good as gold The children behaved well and were as good as gold.

as stubborn as a mule She won't change her mind. She's as stubborn as a mule.

as white as a sheet What's the matter? You look as white as a sheet!

drink like a fish You'll need more wine. Tom drinks like a fish.

eat like a horse She's only a little girl but she eats like a horse.

Alternative medicine:

acupuncture n Acupuncture is a Chinese method of treating pain.

acupuncturist n An acupuncturist puts in needles without causing pain.

aromatherapy n The oils used in aromatherapy are expensive.

chiropractic adj Chiropractic neck manipulation can result in death.

chiropractor n A bad chiropractor can injure a person's back.

herbal medicine np Some herbal medicines have become mainstream.

homeopath n It is worrying that anybody can practise as a homeopath.

homeopathic medicine np

Homeopathic medicine offers treatment for depression.

homeopathy n It is said that homeopathy is merely a placebo.

hypnosis n Many people assume they will lose control under hypnosis.

hypnotherapist n The hypnotherapist assured me that I would be cured.

hypnotherapy n Hypnotherapy has been used to cure phobias.

osteopath n An osteopath uses gentler techniques than a chiropractor.

osteopathy n Osteopathy is popular among people with back problems.

reflexologist n When the reflexologist massaged my feet I felt less tense.

reflexology n In reflexology, the feet are manipulated.


U50 Healthcare

acute/ chronic condition

Most medical care, whether it is for an acute or a chronic condition, is provided

through the primary care system.

alternative (complementary) medicine np

The approaches of alternative (complementary) medicine differ from conventional

western approaches.

prescription charge np Hospital treatment and visits to a family doctor (or GP) at a surgery or clinic are

free, but there is often a prescription charge.

primary/ secondary care np

Primary care is provided by the doctors (physicians) or nurses who the patient

goes to first when they have a problem. Secondary care is provided by specialists

in special clinics or hospitals.

refer (to) v Patients are referred to a specialist by their doctor.


U51 Illness: Feeling Under the Weather

back on one's feet/ on the mend idm

Hilary was quite ill last week, but she is back on her feet / on the mend again now.

come down with (a cold) infml

I'm not going to work today. I've come down with a dreadful cold.

cuts and bruises np John had a few cuts and bruises when he fell off his bike, nothing serious.

fight off (a cold) infml I'm fighting off a cold at the moment.

go down with (flu) infml

Lucy isn't in today; she's gone down with flu.

nauseous adj I had a terrible nauseous feeling after taking the medicine, but it passed.

shivery adj / hot and cold

I feel quite shivery/ hot and cold. I think I must have a temperature.

stiff neck np I have a stiff neck from sitting in a draught yesterday.

recover (from) v Linda had her appendix removed after an acute attack of appendicitis, but now she

is recovering from an operation.


U52 Medical Language

exceed v Don't exceed the stated dose of duration of treatment.

side effects np The tablets may sometimes cause side effects.


U20 The Visual Arts

depict v Minor characters are more shadowy and sketchy but they are depicted quite

powerfully even though the focus is on the two central characters.

exquisite adj (opp.= clumsy)

Exquisite art has rare beauty or delicacy.

portray v The central characters are portrayed with great sensitivity.

school of art np Images from these schools of art appear everywhere, from posters to advertising

campaigns. (art movement)

sophisticated adj (opp.= primitive)

Sophisticated means showing advanced skills and understanding.

skilful adj (opp.= poorly done)

A skilful piece of art is clever, masterly or done well.

thought-provoking adj (opp.= unstimulating)

Thought-provoking art makes people think.

visually literate People with an educated understanding of art are said to be visually literate.


dull adj There wasn't much to do, and the children found it dull.

city break np We had a free weekend so we took a city break to Rome.

guided tour np The guided tour of the castle was fascinating.

low-cost airline np Low-cost airlines often charge for meals.

my heart sank My heart sank when I saw what they'd done.

off the beaten track We're independent and find places off the beaten track.

overrated adj We thought the place was overrated, - it wasn't nice.

presumably adv Presumably, we'll stop for lunch on the way.

put a trip off vp She put the trip off until next week.

set off / set out on a journey vp

I'd only just set off on my journey when I became ill. Before you set out on any

journey, you must pack.

site n We visited the site of the ancient Icelandic parliament.

stopover n Some tickets allow a stopover, which means that you may stay somewhere

overnight before continuing to your destination.

take out insurance vp I always take out insurance before a holiday


U25 Travel and Accommodation

cancellation fee np If the tickets are non-refundable you may have to pay a cancellation fee.

chalet n Chalet is a small cottage or cabin specially built for holiday-makers.

extras n You may have to pay extras, e.g. airport taxes, insurance or (car) accident

insurance.

full board/ half board Some types of accommodation offer half board (usually breakfast and one other

meal) or full board (all meals).

get around phr v (infml)

Car hire is another way of getting around.

get away from it all Cruises often go to exotic islands where you can get away from it all.

inclusive/ all-in package

Inclusive / all-in packages normally include accommodation and transfers.

inn n An inn is similar to a pub, but it also offers accommodation, sometimes in an

attractive old building.

non-refundable adj The ticket is relatively cheap, but it's non-refundable.

route n Our route was via Amsterdam.

self-catering adj Some people prefer hotels while others can have a self-catering holiday, such as

staying in an apartment or chalet.

shuttle bus np All-in packages also include transfers, e.g. a coach or a shuttle bus to and from

your hotel.

transfer v When you arrive, the transfers are included in the cost of the holiday. /

The cost of the holiday is inclusive of transfers.


U26 Attracting Tourists

boast v Malaysia boasts some of the loveliest beaches in Asia.

escape the crowds When I travel, I always try to escape the crowds and find somewhere quiet.

ecotourism n Ecotourism is the business organising holidays in a way which helps local people

and does not damage the environment.

nature reserves np More than 12% of the country is given over to national parks and nature reserves.

recharge one's batteries

Everyone needs to recharge their batteries now and again.

trek n Want to go on a trek through the mountains? Make sure you have good shoes,

drinking water, and snacks. A trek is a long and difficult journey.

unbeatable (prices) adj

I think this tourist company is unbeatable when it comes to value-for-money

holidays.

unrivalled adj This company is excellent and their prices are unrivalled.

unwind v I just want somewhere quiet and relaxing to unwind for a week.

waterfront (villa) adj Waterfront villas are on the edge of the sea or of a river.


animal activist np Animal activists protest about experiments on animals.

battery hens np Battery hens are kept in inhumane conditions.

beak n The bird used its beak expertly to pull out the worms.

breed in captivity The tiger was bred in captivity then released into the wild.

claw n Be careful when handling birds as their claws are sharp.

don't count your chickens (before they hatch) idm

You might have passed, but don’t count your chickens.

fin n We could see the creature's fins rising above the water.

horn n It was amazing to see the two rams locking horns.

like a fish out of water idm

I'm quiet, so in London I felt like a fish out of water.

live in the wild Animals bred in captivity have never lived in the wild.

kill two birds with one stone idm

If we go to the library we can visit Dan and kill two birds with one stone.

paw n My cat sleeps with its head resting on its paws.

scratch v It can be dangerous if an animal scratches you.

shell n Our tortoise never came out of its shell.

smell a rat idm The CEO said our jobs were safe but I smell a rat.

sting n A wasp sting hurts but isn't usually dangerous.

take the bull by the horns idm

I decided to take the bull by the horns and speak to him.

the last straw idm After an awful day, losing my purse was the last straw.


U31 The Animal Kingdom

animal (rescue) shelter np

We went to the local animal (rescue) shelter to see if we could get a dog there.

carnivore n Carnivore is an animal that eats a diet that is mainly or exclusively meat.

domesticated adj Dogs and horses became domesticated thousands of years ago.

fierce adj A fierce dog guarded the gates.

game (reserves/parks) n

Game can be used to mean animals or birds that are hunted. You can see lots of

animals in the big game reserves/ game parks in Africa.

herbivore n Herbivore is an animal that eats a diet that is mainly or exclusively grass/

vegetation.

mammal n Mammal is an animal that gives birth to live babies, not eggs, and feeds them on

its own milk.

natural habitat np As more buildings and roads are constructed, the natural habitat is shrinking.

poacher n Poachers are people who hunt animals illegally.

predator n Predators are animals that hunt/ eat other animals.

reptile n Snakes or lizards are reptiles.

rodent n Mice and rats are rodents.

savage adj A savage wolf killed three of the farmer's sheep.

tame adj These birds are so tame, they will sit on your hand.

the fur trade np Some people refuse to wear clothing made of natural animal fur since they are

opposed to the fur trade.

the ivory trade np Poachers kill hundreds of animals every year to support the ivory trade.

warm/cold-blooded adj

Cold-blooded animals, differently from warm-blooded ones, have to control their

temperatures by taking in heat from outside or by being very active.


blend in phr v You should try to blend in with the locals.

live the dream In so many ways, she's living the dream, working with children as a schoolteacher

and recently engaged to be married.

outsider n I'd lived there for 20 years, but was still an outsider.

sue v When he fell in the hole he decided to sue the council.

stranger n He'd been gone for so long he was like a stranger.


baking tray n Put the pie on a baking tray and heat for 40 minutes.

blackberry n We're going to go and pick some blackberries.

beat (eggs) v To make a good cake you need to beat the eggs vigorously.

crave v When my mum was pregnant, she craved gherkins.

crust n The pie itself was nice, but the crust on top was burnt.

dine v When I was young, we never dined in restaurants.

drain (the pasta) v Drain the pasta and leave it to stand.

French beans np If the shop hasn't got any French beans, just buy peas.

grated cheese np Sprinkle some grated cheese over the potato topping.

gravy n He used the juices of the meat to make a lovely gravy.

haddock n Remove the skin from the smoked haddock and place the fish in a lightly buttered

baking dish.

herbs and spices np Herbs and spices add flavour to food.

(in)edible adj We tried to eat the meal but it was inedible.

mashed potatoes Would you like mashed potatoes or chips?

minced beef Minced beef is very cheap and versatile.

nibble v The children nibbled at their dinner because they had eaten too much candy.

peeled prawns /shrimps

You need to use peeled prawns in a prawn cocktail. She was ill after eating the

peeled shrimps.

pork ribs One of my favourite meals is pork ribs with onion sauce.

raspberry n Raspberries go really well with apples in a dessert.

ripe adj You can tell the bananas aren't ripe by the colour.

scrambled eggs I can make you some scrambled eggs on toast.

shellfish n Many people are allergic to shellfish such as mussels.

simmer v You have to simmer the sauce, not boil it.

skewer n Put a skewer into the leg of the chicken to see if it's cooked.

steam v The waiter set down a plate of steamed mussels.

stir (a sauce) v Could you stir the sauce and make sure it isn't lumpy?

stir-fried adj Stir-fried food can be cheap and healthy.

stuffed peppers I need to get some rice for the stuffed peppers.

whipped cream I love having whipped cream with apple pie.


U22 Food: a Recipe for Disaster

additive n Additives are substances added to food to improve its taste or appearance or to

preserve it.

animal welfare np Some consumers are concerned about animal welfare. (taking care of animals)

battery farm(ing) np I never buy eggs that come from battery farms. They have no flavour.

convenience food np Foods that are almost ready to eat or are quick to prepare are convenience foods.

fair trade np Fair trade products tell us where the food was produced and under what

conditions.

free-range (eggs) Free-range products are produced by farm animals that are allowed to move

around outside and are not kept in cages or stalls.

gluten-free adj My sister has to have a gluten-free diet as wheat makes her ill.

nutrition(al) label np Nutrition(al) labels indicate how the food influences your health.

preservatives n This gluten-free bread contains no artificial colours or preservatives.

(un)processed adj It's sometimes difficult to find unprocessed foods – everything seems to contain

chemicals or preservatives of some kind.

vegan n Vegans do not eat or use any animal products, such as meat, fish, eggs or cheese.

wholefoods n My diet is mostly natural foods, with nothing taken away or added, because I buy a

lot of wholefoods.

my cup of tea metaphor

He wanted me to go to the match with him, but football isn't my cup of tea.


U23 Dinner's on Me: Entertaining and Eating Out

calorie-conscious adj I have to be a bit calorie-conscious these days / to count the calories.

dietary requirements fml

Do you have any particular dietary requirements? (special needs or things

someone cannot eat)

fussy eater np A fussy eater is a person who has very particular demands when eating.

have a sweet tooth idm

I can never say no to cakes or biscuits, I have a sweet tooth.

impeccable adj The opposite of dreadful service is impeccable one. (perfect, cannot be faulted)

is on me infml Lunch is on me today. (I'm paying for you)

off-putting adj If someone's behaviour is off-putting, you don't like it or you think it's

unattractive.

savoury adj I like to end the meal with something savoury like cheese. (salty in flavour, or with

herbs)

sluggish adj The opposite of quick service is sluggish service. (rather slow)

split the bill When people split the bill, each person pays for him/herself.

sullen adj In some places waiters tend to be sullen (bad-tempered, unwilling to smile).

teetotal adj If a person is teetotal, he never drinks alcohol.

wined and dined I was wined and dined every night. (invited out to restaurant)


burn calories To burn calories you need to undertake aerobic exercise.

depth n The river reaches a depth of six metres in the middle.

joint n Wear good running shoes to prevent injury to your joints.

length n The length of the walk is about three hours.

lengthen v If we have to stop all the time it'll lengthen the trip.

press-ups (push-ups) n I was unable to perform six press-ups in a row.

prone (to) adj If you're prone to back problems, pilates may help.

set personal targets I always set personal targets when doing exercise.

shorten v I shortened Ryan's trousers for his little brother.

sit-up n The sit-ups really helped tone my stomach muscles.

spine n High-impact yoga may adversely affect the spine.

strength n Lifting those weights requires great strength.

strengthen v This workout will strengthen your muscles.

stride v When running, muscles are exercised with every stride.

trunk n A course of yoga will provide greater trunk flexibility.

weaken v If you don't eat you'll weaken your immune system.

weakness n He was overcome by weakness as he finished the race.

widen v They're widening the road to make it into four lanes.

width n The width of the lorry took up the entire road.

workout n Running off-road is a better workout for your legs.


burst out laughing When he came in wearing a wig we burst out laughing.

cartoonist n The cartoonist captured his personality perfectly.

comedian n It must be difficult for comedians to find new jokes.

comedy series np There's a new comedy series on TV.

hilarious adj I think it's hilarious the way he does that funny walk.

irony n 'This wig makes me feel great', he said, without irony.

laugh out loud (LOL) Some jokes make you laugh out loud.

make fun of It's natural for people to make fun of politicians.

pun n Word-based humour such as puns are commonly used.

take yourself seriously People who take themselves seriously are often laughed at.

Documents

New English File Advanced U1A (extra) benefit n fml Private