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Instructor(s) Name
New Directions in Technological Innovations for 5G and Beyond
Sudhir DIXIT, PhD, MBA, Life Fellow IEEE
Senior Fellow and Evangelist, Basic Internet Foundation, Oslo, Norway
International Liaison Manager & Evangelist, 6Genesis Framework Programme, Oulu, Finland
Board Member, Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF)
©Sudhir Dixit
Genesis
The 5th International Spectrum Congress, Bogotá
25-26 October 2018
Table of Contents
5G Introduction: Past decades of Evolution of Wireless Mobile Communication Systems
Expectations
– The What, Why, When, Where and Who (5Ws) of the 5G
Realities – How?
- Hard Facts of Life and Solutions for issues at hand
– Back to Basics of 5G: – Exploiting the Spatial Dimension: Advanced MIMO and Massive MIMO – Exploiting the untapped radio spectrum: mmWave Access Networks– HetNets and Future Proof (Cloud) Networking for 5G
– Convergence with IT
Disruptions
Selected Global Initiatives: 6Genesis, WWRF, Basic Internet in 5G
Concluding Remarks2
©Sudhir Dixit
Generic Cellular Network Architecture
4
UEUser EquipmentHand SetCell Phone
Smart PhoneTablet
Air Interface
FDMA
TDMA
CDMA
OFDMABase Stations
Access Points
BTS, eNode B
Femto Cells
Base Station
Controller
Radio Network
Controller
Radio
Resource
Allocation
Radio Link
Control
Core Network
Call/session
Control
Mobility
Management
Security and
Authentication
➢ Access Network – Base Stations and Base Station Controllers
➢ Core Network – Switches, Routers, Data Bases and Servers
➢ Backhaul – Transmission facilities connect AN equipment and AN to CN
©Sudhir Dixit
Past decades of wireless technology Evolution /
Revolution Time Line
5
Deployed
On-going -
older
Near Future
Mainly Cellular Technologies represented
WiFi, BT and others form a significant part of market
Approximate dates of technology ramp-up
1G – mid 1960 (AMPS) 2G – early 1990
3G – early 2000 4G – late 2000
W-CDMA
HSPA+
EV-DO
Rev A
GSM,GPRS
EDGE
TDMA
IS 95
CDMA
1X
TD-SCDMA
W-CDMA
HSPA
WiMAX
16e
TDD
WiMAX
16d
4G ITU100 Mb/s in mobility 1Gb/s static
LTE R8/R9
FDD/TDD
LTE, LTE-A
R10 & R11
FDD/TDD
WiMAX 16m
FDD/TDD?
EV-DO
Rev B
2G, 2.5G
3G, 3.5G
3.9G
Evolution path
©Sudhir Dixit
Evolution path
❖ 1G - Analog Circuit Switched Speech Transmission
❖Local Coverage and Limited Mobility
❖ 2G - Digital TDMA and CDMA mainly voice and
some data over voice ❖ Global Coverage enhanced mobility and roaming
❖ 2.5G - Increased voice capacity/unit spectrum
❖ kb/sec speed packet data
❖ 3G - Still increased voice capacity/unit spectrum
❖ multi 100kb/sec data
❖ 3.5G: multi Mega b/sec data
❖ 3.9G: multi 10 Mega b/sec data
❖ 4G: 100 Mb/sec data
❖ Fall back to 2G, 3G for voice calls.
❖ Good VoIP yet to come
❖ Ramp up timings
❖ 25 years between 1G to 2G
❖ 10+ years between 2G to 3G
❖ 8- years between 3G to 4G
❖ ~5 years between 4G to 5G
Past decades of wireless technology evolution
Major Characteristics
©Sudhir Dixit
5
5G and B5G Activities Worldwide (Not complete)
7
May 2013: Samsung Announces World’s First 5G mmWave Mobile Technology
“… And today I call on EU industry and other partners to join us in a Public-Private partnership in this
area. An open platform that helps us reach our common goal more coherently, directly, and quickly.
European 5G is an unmissable opportunity to recapture the global technological lead. And I hope you will
be able to support and join us. …” Commissioner Neelie Kroes, 26 February 2013,
Thursday 07 Nov 2013
Together pledging support worth over £30 million, the consortium […] includes Aeroflex, AIRCOM
International, BBC, BT, EE, Fujitsu Laboratories of Europe, Huawei, Rohde & Schwarz, Samsung,
Telefonica and Vodafone.
SEOUL, Dec. 18 (Yonhap) -- South Korea plans to offer 5G mobile network service in 2020, which
is 1,000 times faster than the current 4G long-term evolution technology, the government said
Wednesday. The Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning said the government would spend
500 billion won (US$475 million) over the next seven years to develop the super-fast wireless
technology and lead the global mobile network equipment market.
TAIPEI--Taiwan will make good use of a window of opportunity by developing 5th-
generation (5G) mobile networks under a three-year NT$15 billion (US$497 million) budget
plan, Minister without Portfolio Simon Chang said Wednesday.
MUNICH - The world’s fifth-generation wireless network – dubbed 5G – will be far more than a speedier
version of today’s state-of-the-art mobile technologies. “It will revolutionize many industries and incubate
new ones,” says Wen Tong, chief technology officer and vice president of wireless research at Huawei
Technologies Co., Ltd. Huawei is investing heavily in the field: $600 million in 5G technology between
2014 and 2018. “Our clear strategy is to become the leader of 5G technology..
Feb 2013
May 2013
Nov 2013
Dec 2013
Feb 2014
Jan 2014
IEEE 5G Initiative driven by 22 IEEE societies & IEEE Future Networks
Academy of Finland Flagship Project, 6Genesis, Finland
Aug 2016 &
August 2018
Others: 5G Americas (Feb 2016), WWRF (2014), etc.
©Sudhir Dixit
May 2018
What is 5G? – ISupport Large Variety of Application Scenarios (Use cases)
5G Requirements Quantitatively Defined– Data Rates
▪ Aggregate data rate: 1000x from 4G to 5G▪ (Cell) Edge data rate: 100x from 4G to 5G▪ Peak rate: Upto 10s of Gbits/sec
– End to End Latency: < 1ms (compared to 15 ms of 4G)– Energy Efficiency and Cost
▪ Joules per bit and cost per bit < 1% compared to 4G 9
13
3.2.1 Use Cases
In addition to supporting the evolution of the established prominent mobile broadband use cases, 5G will support countless emerging use cases with a high variety of applications and variability of their performance attributes: From delay-sensitive video applications to ultra-low latency, from high speed entertainment applications in a vehicle to mobility on demand for connected objects, and from best effort applications to reliable and ultra-reliable ones such as health and safety. Furthermore, use cases will be delivered across a wide range of devices (e.g., smartphone, wearable, MTC) and across a fully heterogeneous environment. NGMN has developed twenty five use cases for 5G, as representative examples, that are grouped into eight use case families. The use cases and use case families serve as an input for stipulating requirements and defining the building blocks of the 5G architecture. The use cases are not meant to be exhaustive, but rather as a tool to ensure that the level of flexibility required in 5G is well captured. The following diagram shows the eight use case families with one example use case given for each family, and the description of these families and the use case examples are given below.
Figure 1: 5G use case families and related examples
Broadband Access in Dense Areas
This family highlights the broad range of growing and new use cases of the fully connected society. The focus is service availability in densely-populated areas (e.g., multi-storey buildings, dense urban city centres or events), where thousands of people per square kilometre (km2) live and/or work. Communications are expected to be pervasive and part of everyday life. Augmented reality, multi-user interaction, three-dimensional (3D) services will be among the services which play an increasingly significant role in the 2020+ timeframe. Context recognition will be an essential aspect, at the network edge (i.e. close to the user), ensuring delivery of consistent and personalised services to the customers.
This family includes the following use cases:
Schematics of Usage
Scenarios
Courtesy
NGMN 5G White Paper,
2015
Different Scenarios
have different
“Critical”
Parameters
©Sudhir Dixit
ITU’s visions on 5G (IMT-2020)
What is 5G - II
10
➢ Different Use Cases have different sub-sets of Critical Requirements
➢ IMT-2020 (5G) offers much higher capabilities than IMT-Advanced (3G, 4G)
➢ 4G LTE
➢ A worldwide accepted standard
➢ Progressing very fast LTE, LTE Advanced, LTE Advanced Pro
©Sudhir Dixit
The importance of key capabilities in
different usage scenarios
Enhancement of key capabilities from
IMT-Advanced to IMT-2020
ITU’s Requirements on 5G (IMT-2020)
What is 5G? - III
5G NR is at the core!
©Sudhir Dixit
13
12
Capability Description 5G target Usage scenario
Peak data rateMaximum achievable data rate
20 Gbit/s eMBB
User experienced data rate
Achievable data rate across coverage area
1 Gbit/s eMBB
LatencyRadio network contribution to packet travel time
1 ms URLLC
MobilityMaximum speed for handoff and QoS requirements
500 km/h eMBB/URLLC
Connection densityTotal number of devices per unit area
106/km2 MMTC
Energy efficiency
Data sent/received per unit energy consumption (by device or network)
Equal to 4G eMBB
Spectrum efficiencyThroughput per unit wireless bandwidth and per network cell
3-4x 4G eMBB
Area traffic capacityTotal traffic across coverage area
10 (Mbit/s)/m2 eMBB
Technical Capabilities (IMT-2020)
What is 5G? - IV
When will 5G be needed?
© ETSI 2017. All rights reserved
2020 is the headline date for 5G
This date has been chosen more for political rather than technical reasons
It is also happens to coincide with the Olympic Games in Japan, July 2020
However, there is a push to bring the date forward because of: • Mobile Operator rush “to be the first”
• Winter Olympic Games to be held in Korea, February 2018
• Rugby World Cup to be held in Japan, September 2019
5G Open Trial Specification Alliance formed by SK Telecom, KT, NTT DoCoMo and Verizon: • To speed up deployment
• To meet the 2017‐2018 early deployment objective
When of 5GTechnology Standards, Spectrum Allocation
ETSI: Preparing significant 5G building blocks
© ETSI 2017. All rights reserved
ETSI is preparing significant 5G building blocks:• Network Functions Virtualization (ISG NFV)
• Open Source MANO (OSG OSM)
• Multi‐Access Edge Computing (ISG MEC)
• Millimetre Wave Transmission (ISG wWT)
• Next Generation Protocols (ISG NGP)
• Mobile/Broadcast Convergence (ISG MBC)
• Experiential Network Intelligence (ISG ENI)
..as well as existing activities, e.g.:• Use of whitespace spectrum, Spectrum Sharing (licensed and unlicensed) (TC
RRS)
• Quantum Safe Cryptology (ISG QSC)
• Energy Efficiency (TC EE)
• Use of Satellites in 5G (TC SES)
…and many more
Key takeaways
There will be many contributors to the 5G standard, it cannot all be done in one place
ETSI is already developing significant building blocks which will form cornerstones of 5G
3GPP is specifying a complete 5G system description, using building blocks from other SDOs where appropriate
©Sudhir Dixit
15
Rel 15 by March 2019, Rel 16 March 2020
Who of 5GWho would be Responsible for Success or Failure
➢ Regulator➢ Timely and Cost Effective Spectrum
Allocation ➢ Example of 2G to 3G then and 4G to 5G now
➢ Introduction of “Effective” Privacy, Security and Information Protection Policies essential for ethical introduction of Business Models otherwise possible with available technologies➢ Ref Data Analytics in IoT etc
➢ “Fair Trade” Practices and Industry Convergence
➢ Telecom Operators, OTT Application Providers, Content Providers
➢ Cost effective allocation of telecom network resources for Vertical Market Business
Traffic
Revenues
Voice
era
Data era
X
OTT and Apps
©Sudhir Dixit
Hard Facts of Life
Crowd brings more Crowd (Success breeds success)
16
2013/3/12 Via Della Conciliazione2005/4/4 Via Della Conciliazione
❖ The Cell Edge Effect: Totally fair coverage (providing equal throughput to all UE’s) is difficult to realize in practice
❖ Networks designed for peak loads are expensive
©Sudhir Dixit
Question to ponder: Is video streaming a killer app or killer of all other apps?
©Sudhir Dixit
Matching 5G Requirements
Three (should be four!) major families of requirements from 5G Objectives
– Enhanced Mobile Broadband
▪ Peak data rates up to 20 Mb/sec
▪ Uniform availability of data rates between 100 Mb/sec to 1 Gb/sec
– Ultra low latency reliable communication
▪ Cyber Physical Systems
– Massive Connectivity for MTC (Machine Type Communications) and IoTapplications
– And 4th – bridge the digital divide – least cost and least expensive??
Examples of selected Access Technologies
– Exploiting the Spatial Dimension
▪ Beam forming
▪ Advanced MIMO and Massive MIMO
– Exploiting the untapped spectrum
▪ mmWave Communication systems
– Exploiting Cost Efficiency of Cloud Computing
▪ Multi-Technology HetNets
▪ Improved Cell Edge Coverage
Convergence with IT – Cloud, Virtualization, SDN, etc©Sudhir Dixit
Who of 5G – I
Range of Connectivity Technologies for IoT
Wireless Personal
Area Network
(WPAN)
Wireless Local
Area Network
(WLAN)
Wireless
Neighborhood Area
Network (WNAN)
Wireless Wide
Area Network
(WWAN)
10 to 100m Short Range
100 to 1000m Short/Medium
Range
Up to 10 km Medium Range
> 10 kmLong Range
Cellular• 2G/ 3G / 4G• LTE MTC• 5G
Special Case Low Power Wide Area
Networks (LPWAN)SIGFOXLoRA
Bluetooth LE
ZigBee
Thread (6LoWPAN)
Z-Wave
ANT
WirelessHART
ISA100.11a (6loWPAN)
EnOcean
+++
IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac
802.11af (TV White Space)
802.11ah
802.11p (for V2V)
• Wi-SUN (6LoWPAN)
• ZigBee-NAN (6LoWPAN)
• SUN (Smart Utility Network)
©Sudhir Dixit
19
HetNets IILow Tier Equipment for Inter and Intra-technology Solutions
19
Low Tier Equipment types.
Listed in decreasing order of popularity
Pico Cell
Micro Cell
Indoor DAS
Distributed Antenna Systems
Femto Cells
Cell Repeaters
analog amplification of RF signal
Mini eNode B
Outdoor DAS
Relays
Store and Forward with processing
Wireless link e.g for
relay or Repeater
Nodes Wireless or wireline
Backhaul
©Sudhir Dixit
Hard Facts of Life - II
Capacity/Coverage/Cost dilemma
20
❖ Large spectrum widths available (eventually) at higher frequencies❖ Higher the frequency shorter the coverage range ❖ Ex: Factor 8 to 9 between 700 MHz and 3.5 GHz in site count (coverage)
©Sudhir Dixit
Adaptive Antenna Technologies Beam Forming
23
Preferred Application Scenarios
▪ Coherent signals at the antenna array
▪ Restricted angular spread of multi-paths
▪ Typical scenario: BS significantly higher
than surrounding reflectors
– Macro-cellular: rural, sub-urban and urban
Antenna System requirements
▪ Antenna spacing ~ l/2 wavelength
▪ Only BS side
Technique: Beam Forming
▪ Beam formed by compensating amplitude and phase
▪ Null steering possible (interference suppression)
▪ Side-lobe level control by amplitude tapering
▪ Similar concept for Rx and Tx at BS
▪ SDMA possible
User
x
User x
Antenna pattern adaptation with MMSE
algorithm upon reception of a strong interferer
weak interferer
strong interferer
User
x
User x
Antenna pattern adaptation with MMSE
algorithm upon reception of a strong interferer
weak interferer
strong interferer
©Sudhir Dixit
MIMO: Shannon Limit of Channel Capacity
25
SVD (Singular Value Decomposition)
– Channel made up of NR x NT fading paths (more or less correlated) is transformed into N virtual orthogonal sub-channels
▪ SNR is split between the different virtual sub-channels
▪ Virtual sub-channels behave like bandwidth
( )HWC HQHI+detlog.=2
Channel Matrix
Signal covariance matrix
MIMO channel
Virtual non interfering parallel
sub-channels
Mathematical
transformation
(SVD)
NT NR
H
©Sudhir Dixit
Massive MIMOExamples of Implementation Trade-offs
26
Schematic source Ref 6
Mutual coupling between antennas has a significant impact on capacity Coupling between antennas depends on
Spacing between antennas
Number of surrounding antennas - ULAs vs 2D or 3D arrays
Matching networks for coupling cancellation adversely affect Resulting antenna bandwidth
Global energy efficiency due to ohmic loss
2D or 3D arrays may bring only limited additional advantage in outdoor deployment (limited vertical angular spread)
©Sudhir Dixit
MIMO & Massive MIMO
Concluding Remarks and Take Aways
27
Cellular System MIMO Configuration Remarks
3G HSPA ++ 4x2 (DL) BS = 4 ant ; UE = 2 ant
LTE FDD 4x2 (DL)1x4 (UL)
MU MIMO
BS = 4 ant ; UE = 2 antBS = 4 ant ; UE = 1 antBS = 4 ant ; UE = 1 ant
LTE Advanced 8 x 4 (DL)4 x N (UL)MU MIMO
5G below 6 GHz Max 8 BSMax 4 UE
Probable duplexing schemeTDD
5G mm Wave Expected > 64 in BS array
N ( ?) in UE
Probable duplexing schemeTDD
❖ 3G and 4G deployments benefit from multiple antenna technologies❖ Enhanced system gain (cell range, indoor coverage)❖ Increased capacity (peak, average and cell edge)❖ More compact frequency re-use and improved spectral efficiency
❖ Beam forming, S-T Coding, MU MIMO are
❖ Widely implemented in < 6 GHz systems both in Cellular and WiFi networks.
❖ Massive MIMO and LSAS ❖ Advantages
• Scalability• Reduced processing complexity• Good spectral efficiency and energy
efficiency trade-off❖ Challenges
• Channel properties and efficient channel learning techniques
• Imperfections such as Antenna coupling effects, pilot contamination
❖ 5G Networks will implement Point to Point
and MU-MIMO as well as Massive MIMO
©Sudhir Dixit
Spectrum availability for Mobile Broadband
29
Usable mmWave spectrum > 250 GHz This is “N” times the spectrum bandwidth used by present day cellular and WiFi broadband data networks (including 4G)Important Remark– High absorption losses has been usually advocated to be the main
impeding factor for the utilization of mmWaves.– Absorption loss for < 200m (typical cell size in future high density
networks) is just a fraction of dB
Up to 6 GHz
Used for Cellular
Up to 57 GHz
Potentially available
Up to 164 GHz
Potentially available
Up to 300 GHz
Potentially available
57 to 64 GHz
Oxygen Absorption
164 to 200 GHz
Water vapor Absorption
©Sudhir Dixit
30
Existing mobile allocation No global mobile
allocation
24.25 GHz – 27.5 GHz 31.8 – 33.4 GHz
37 – 40.5 GHz 40.5 – 42.5 GHz
42.5 – 43.5 GHz
45.5 – 47 GHz 47 - 47.2 GHz
47.2 -50.2 GHz
50.4 – 52.6 GHz
66 – 76 GHz
81 – 86 GHz
New spectrum: Bands under study for WRC-19 - V
How of 5GThree Major Technology Families
IEEE TCCN SIG CR in 5G - New Spectrum Usage Paradigms for 5G, November 4th, 2014 5
2 INTRODUCTION
Authors: Markus Mueck1, Ingolf Karls1, Reza Arefi1, Thomas Haustein2, Richard J. Weiler2, Kei Sakaguchi3
([email protected], [email protected], [email protected], Thomas.Haustein@
hhi.fraunhofer.de, [email protected], [email protected])
1Intel Mobile Communications; 2Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Germany; 3Osaka University, Japan
Wireless data traffic is expected to grow substantially by 2020 and beyond as illustrated in Figure 2-1 [1]. Previous
traffic growth predications, such as the “baseball-cap” diagram introduced by ITU-R, have turned out to be overly
conservative and new forecasts tend to be orders of magnitude above the earlier high-end estimates [2].
Figure 2-1: Predicted Wireless Data Traffic [1].
While future 5G systems are expected to provide a variety of advantages to End-Users, Mobile Network Operators
(MNOs) and the entire Eco-System, a substantial increase in system and link capacity is certainly a key ingredient – it
is indeed commonly agreed that a capacity increase per area of a factor 1000 to 10,000-fold will be required for 5G
systems by the year 2020 in order to satisfy wireless broadband communication demands [3][4]. Typical strategies for
achieving the 5G capacity targets include base station densification approaches, increase of spectral efficiency for
example through improved exploitation of the heterogeneous communication framework – and the availability of
additional spectral resources. In the framework of this paper, the focus will be on the latter item.
Figure 2-2: Degrees of freedom for areal capacity increase [6].
➢ New Radio (NR) for 5G
➢ Air Interface Flexibility for most Efficient utilization of
Radio Resources for eMBB and short packet
transmission for IoT
➢ SDN and NFV for 5G
➢ Flexibility in core-network dimensioning for fast
deployment of Applications and Business Models
through “Slicing”
➢ Harnessing Completely the Radio Spectrum 5G
➢ LAA, U-LTE, LWA, LSA, RSMA
©Sudhir Dixit
26
Some Basics – Primer on Virtualization
A VM (Virtual Machine) is a “tightly isolated software container that runs its
own OS and apps as if it were a physical computer” - VMware
VM solves the problem of exponential costs in server proliferation (Capex),
underutilization of servers, huge energy consumption and real estate costs
Believe the hype!!
– VMs deliver reduced costs, less space, higher availability and flexibility,
faster applications spin-ups, faster provisioning, easier access for
development through server consolidation
Hypervisor is a piece of software and acts as a shim layer between the native OSs
and the servers specialized hardware resources through drivers managing CPU,
memory, disk, NIC, etc =>> An operating system for operating systems!
✓ In short, VM concept has revolutionized data centers and the
IT industry as a whole!! =>> Cloud (computing)
Sudhir Dixit
33
Some Basics – Primer on Virtualization
Application #1
OS A
VM1
Application #3
OS C
VM3
Application #2
OS B
VM2
Server
Hypervisor
Driver Driver Driver Driver Driver
CPU Memory Disk NIC Display/Keyboard
Hardware Resources
Application
OS
Hardware
Traditional approach:
A single physical server
running one application
over one OS New approach: A single physical server running
multiple applications over multiple OSs (VMs)
Sudhir Dixit 34
34
NFV / SDN: Perhaps the Largest Disrupter in Telecom!
– Born in October 2012 when AT&T, BT, China Mobile, Deutsche Telekom, NTT, KDDI, Telefonica, Telstra, Verizon, etc, introduced the NFV Call to Action document, which was followed up by ETSI giving it a momentum
▪ Key organizations: ETSI, 3GPP, ONF
– NFV: a network architecture concept that uses the technologies of cloud computing IT virtualization to virtualize network functions
– SDN a closely related concept to build data networking equipment, such that control plane is centralized and data plane is distributed
▪ Key organizations: ONF, Open Daylight project, OpenStack
– OpenFlow provides standard communications interface between the control and forwarding layers of an SDN architecture and is standardized by ONF
– Drivers: Rapid service innovation and faster time to market, Cost Reductions from operations, Reduced power consumption, Vendor interoperability, Improved capex efficiencies, Lowered risks with new service launches
– NFV/SDN being used for complete network transformation, managed services and several use cases, e.g., vEPC, vCPE, vIMS, v-VoLTE, vPolicy, vCDN
=> Transformation towards software defined mobile networks (SDMN)!!
35Sudhir Dixit
SDN Basic Concept
Separate Control plane and Data plane– Control plane: Network intelligence and current state are centralized
– Data plane: The underlying network infrastructure is abstracted from the applications for better scale and flexibility
– Standardized interface between the control plane (controller) and the data plane (packet forwarding)
Control plane software runs on general purpose hardware– Decouple from specific networking appliances
– Use commercial off-the-shelf hardware (COTS)
Data plane is programmable– Program, Control, and maintain data plane state from a central entity
A concept that enables control of a complete distributed network than just a networking device.
Sudhir Dixit
36
What is OpenFlow?
Allow separation of control and data planes
A communication interface between the control and data plane of an SDN architecture.
▪ Gives direct access to and manipulation of the forwarding plane of a network
switch or router (both physical and virtual) over the network.
▪ Enables network controllers to determine the path of network packets across a
network of switches and routers
SDN is not OpenFlow
– SDN is a concept of the physical separation of the network control plane from the
forwarding plane, whereas
– OpenFlow defines a communication interface between the control and data plane
of an SDN architecture.
Sudhir Dixit
37
NFV vs SDN
NFV and SDN are independent, but complementary and synergistic
NFV transforms and redefines network equipment architecture
through IT
NFV driven by Service Provider (SP) needs to lower CAPEX via
COTS and virtualizing multiple network functions on the same
hardware
SDN: redefines network architecture by separating control and data
planes through well-defined standardized interfaces
Together NFV and SDN support
– Competition through innovative solutions by all
– Network abstraction for interoperability and faster innovation
– Reduce capex, opex, and increase scale and flexibility
Sudhir Dixit
38
What is the cloud? Where is the cloud? Are we in the cloud already?
Cloud computing removes ties between hardware and software components
Virtual machine and hypervisor concepts running many complete operating system instances form the backbone of cloud computing
Storing, accessing data and programs, and executing over the Internet. Just a metaphor for Internet!
Google Drive, Apple iDrive, Dropbox, Amazon Cloud, Microsoft Azure are some examples
Many varieties of clouds: Private Cloud, Public Cloud, Hybrid Cloud
Many incarnations of cloud services, e.g., IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, BPaaS
We are already in the cloud, both consumers and the enterprises
Key standards organizations: IEEE, ITU, ISO, NIST, and several industry fora, e.g., Red Hat Open Source Cloud Computing, Cloud industry Forum, The Open Group
Sudhir Dixit
39
Cloud Computing and Services
SaaS (applications)CRM, web email, Google docs, virtual desktop,
communication, games,…
PaaS (platform): System Softwareexecution runtime, Apache, database, web
server, development tools,…
IaaS (infrastructure): Hardwarevirtual machines, servers, storage,
load balancers, firewalls, network, VLANs,...
Characteristics
• Cloud Services API
• Elastic/agile
• On-demand/low cost
• Online, location/device
unaware
• Infinite supply
• Secure
• Reliable
Enablers/Drivers:
• Web 2.0
• High BW network
• Cheap computing
• Cheap storage
• HW virtualization
• SOA
• Autonomic
• Utility computing
Benefits:• Pay as you go versus CAPEX/initial CAPEX commitment
• Easy to adopt and expand
• Low start-up and operating costs
• Minimal IT involvement
• Easy to budget - fixed costs
• No added cost surprises
• No cost software upgrades
Sudhir Dixit
40
(Technology) disrupters - I
5G New radio
Mobile network RAN migrating to cloud
Virtualization and SDN the largest disrupters to telecom –
convergence with IT
Network slicing
Move to small cells
Shared and unlicensed (harmonized) spectrum
Synchronization
Increased softwarization and cloudification
42
©Sudhir Dixit
34
(Business) disrupters - II
43
5G enables lift-off of the industry verticals and
new use cases
New business models
5G synonymous with unlimited usage as today?
M2M, IoT and smart cities
©Sudhir Dixit
35
44
Challenges - III
Is being a first mover an advantage or curse?– Chance of leadership
– Risk in investment: miss the boat completely, narrowed focus
Privacy and security (by design) – they are not the same!– Privacy Secrecy
– Privacy = Control
– GDPR in Europe: enforcement in Spring 2018
5G to bridge digital divide? How to maximize benefits for developing
countries. => Low cost, local relevance, net neutrality
5G is a journey from 4G with many starting points, paths and destinations
How to measure success of 5G?– “Capacity in a crowd”, High performance, Low cost backhaul/X-haul,
Coverage, Reliability/robustness, measurable security-privacy, density
Use cases to drive 5G and innovation
Deployment strategies and coverage when growth in revenues is slow
©Sudhir Dixit
Some leading global initiatives
- IEEE Future Networks Initiative
(https://futurenetworks.ieee.org/)
- Wireless World Research Forum (www.wwrf.ch)
- Academy of Finland Flagship Programme
6Genesis (www.6genesis.org)
45
Sudhir Dixit
IEEE 5G and Beyond Initiative(IEEE Future Networks Initiative)
Co-Chairs: Ashutosh Dutta (JHU/APL), Gerhard Fettweis (TUD), Timothy Lee (Boeing)
Harold Tepper, IEEE Senior Program Director
Presented by: Sudhir Dixit
46
tremendous growth opportunities
• 5G has promised us ultralow latency and record-breaking data speeds, which will enable
advances in everything from small cell research to virtual reality applications. This technology
will create tremendous growth opportunities, but it won't stop there. That is why, in
August 2018, the IEEE 5G Initiative has rebranded to become the IEEE Future Networks
Initiative. The Initiative will pave a clear path through development and deployment of 5G
and beyond. We will accomplish this through the creation of:
Standards
Publications
Newsletters
Webinars
Tutorials
Roadmaps
Testbeds
Podcasts
AND MORE
From IEEE 5G to IEEE Future NetworksJoin the
Tech
Community
!
Sign up for free at futurenetworks.ieee.org
5G Initiative Structure
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Steering Committee Co-Chairs
Ashutosh Dutta
Gerhard Fettweis
Tim Lee
Education Track
Education Working Group
Ravi Annaswany
Rulei Ting
Publications Track
Publications Working Group
Chi-Lin I
Geoffrey Li
Web Portal Track
Web Portal Working Group
Alex Wyglinski
Komlan Egoh
Conferences Track
Conferences Working Group
Ashutosh Dutta
Latif Ladid
Project A
Project B
Standards Track
Standards Working Group
Alex Gelman
Mehmet Ulema
Content Developme
nt Track
Content Development Working Group
Community Developme
nt Track
Community Development Working
Group
James Irvine
Alex Wyglinski
Industry Outreach
Track
Industry Outreach Working Group
Meng Lu
Sudhir Dixit
Technology
Roadmap
Chi-Ming Chen
Rose Hu
Mischa Dohler
Major Project Two
Staff Program Director
Harold Tepper
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IEEE: Standards and Global Collaboration for 5G
IEEE provides a complete, end-to-end, collaborative framework today for accelerating the realization of 5G and its revolutionary use cases tomorrow.
IEEE
WiFi
NGFI
Tactile Internet
eHealth
IoT
AR
SoftRAN
+Fog
Open
MEC
IEEE 802.11standard supported by almost any mobile device in the market today
IEEE 1914/1904flexible, efficient and scalable packet-based fronthaultransport networks
IEEE 1918non/mission-critical applications (e.g. manufacturing, transportation, healthcare, mobility, edutainment, events)
IEEE 11073provides a global platform for eHealth stakeholders
Mobile Edge Cloud brings SDN/NFV frameworks and data path programmability to the proximity of end users as key enablers for service differentiation
SoftRAN is to create a SD RAN flexible enough to control applications with the wireline centric concepts of “fog” in a SD-controller
IEEE P1589/P1587.6/P1857.9/P3333.2.4 Industry Connectionsthe integration of computer-generated sensory content with the physical world
IEEE P2413 / 1471 / 42010
Instructor(s) Name
Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF): Toward Beyond 5G Wireless(www.wwrf.ch)
October 26, 2018 52
Chairman: Dr. Nigel Jefferies
Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF)Role and principles of operation
• Develop future vision of the wireless world
• Inform and educate on trends and developments
• Enable and facilitate the translation of the vision into reality
• Bring a wide range of parties together to identify and overcome significant roadblocks to the vision
• Global
• Open to all
• Covers every platform
• Not
• standards body
• research funding body
• A typical research conference
• Based on membership
• All can attend meetings and make contributions
✓ Welcome you to become a member of the WWRF✓ Many types of memberships available
Membership
✓ We welcome participation of organizations from Central and South America
✓ We welcome Ecuador to play a role in shaping the future of wireless
WWRF outputs• WWRF Outlook – published version of White Paper• WWRF Library – proceedings of each meeting
• WWRF – Wiley and River book series
• Selected papers from each WWRF meeting
published in IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine
Chair
Executives
Steering Board
WG A/B
WG CCommunication
Architectures and Technologies
WG DRadio
Communication Technologies
Secretariat
WG-V1Connected Vehicles
VIP (Vertical Industry Platform)
WG-V2E-Health
M-Health & Wearables
VIP Plenary
WG-V4Rail Industry
TG HFHigh FrequencyCommunications
TG AIAI for Wireless
WG-V3
Water
Industry
TG EVALITU-R
Independent Evaluation Group
F
Genesis
6G Enabled Smart Society and Ecosystem
Academy Professor
www.oulu. f i/ www.6genesis .org#6Genesis @SudhirDixit
Funded and sponsored by Academy of Finland – A Flagship
Programme of national importance – Operated by University of Oulu
Project partners: Nokia, VTT, Aalto University, BusinessOulu,
Oulu Univesity of Applied Sciences
Wireless Connectivity Offers Unlimited Opportunities
• Wireless connectivity is driving major societal changes:
- Application range explodes
and new value chains emerge:
1980s – 2000s
Millions of voice users
– 2020s Billions of Mobile
Broadband users
– 2040s Trillions of
connected objects
Industry 4.0 Personalized
healthSustainable
energyAutonomous
transportation
5G – 6G
With 6Genesis Finland can be a leader in several new application areas.
EC estimates of 5G in Europe by 2025: €113.1B revenue per year and 2.3M new jobs.
1G - 2G 3G - 4G
Finnish Flagship on Wireless Communications
Wireless Connectivity Ultra-reliable low-latency communications
Devices & Circuit Technology THz communications materials & circuits
Distiributed ComputingMobile edge intelligence
Services and ApplicationsMultidisciplinary research accross verticals
Unmannedprocesses
Unlimitedconnectivity
Time critical& trustedapplications
Disruptivevalue networks
- 6G Enabled Wireless Smart Society &
Ecosystem (6Genesis); 251M€ in 2018-2026.
- Operated by UOulu, partners in the beginning:
Nokia, VTT, Aalto University, BusinessOulu, Oulu Univesity
of Applied Sciences.
- Flagship Director: Prof. Matti Latva-aho
www.6genesis.org
RESEARCH FOCUS AREAS:
✓ Welcome inquiries from researcher visitors, Post-docs, and
potential Masters/PhD students to work with us
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T6ubRoZCeVw
Conclusions: Back to the “Jungle Book” inspired by Rudyard Kipling “Mowgli” stories
MowgliSher KhanNaga Bhaloo
BagheeraBhaloo
Operators
and
Vendors
Operators
and
Vendors
©Sudhir Dixit
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