For other uses, see Canada (disambiguation).CanadaVertical triband (red, white, red) with a red maple leaf in the centreFlagMotto: "A Mari Usque Ad Mare" (Latin)"From Sea to Sea"(As seen on the Arms of Canada)Anthem: "O Canada"Royal anthem: "God Save the Queen"[1]Projection of North America with Canada in greenCapital Ottawa4524'N 7540'WLargest city TorontoOfficial languagesEnglish FrenchRecognised regional languagesChipewyan Cree Gwichin Inuinnaqtun Inuktitut Inuvialuktun North Slavey South Slavey Tli?choEthnic groups76.7% White14.2% Asian4.3% Aboriginal2.9% Black1.2% Latin American0.5% multiracial0.3% otherDemonym CanadianGovernment Federal parliamentaryconstitutional monarchy[2] - Monarch Elizabeth II - Governor General David Johnston - Prime Minister Stephen Harper - Chief Justice Beverley McLachlinLegislature Parliament - Upper house Senate - Lower house House of CommonsEstablishment from the United Kingdom - Constitution Act July 1, 1867 - Statute of Westminster December 11, 1931 - Canada Act April 17, 1982 Area - Total 9,984,670 km2 (2nd)3,854,085 sq mi - Water (%) 8.92 (891,163 km2 / 344,080 mi2)Population - Q2 2015 estimate 35,749,600[3] (37th) - 2011 census 33,476,688[4] - Density 3.41/km2 (228th)8.3/sq miGDP (PPP) 2015 estimate - Total $1.640 trillion[5] (15th) - Per capita $45,722[5] (20th)GDP (nominal) 2015 estimate - Total $1.615 trillion[5] (11th) - Per capita $45,028[5] (15th)Gini (2010) 33.7[6]medium 103rd[7]HDI (2013) Steady 0.902[8]very high 8thCurrency Canadian dollar ($) (CAD)

Time zone (UTC-3.5 to -8) - Summer (DST) (UTC-2.5 to -7)Date formatdd-mm-yyyymm-dd-yyyyyyyy-mm-dd (CE)Drives on the rightCalling code +1ISO 3166 code CAInternet TLD .caCanada is a country, consisting of ten provinces and three territories, in the northern part of the continent of North America. It extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles) in total, making it the world's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Canada's common border with the United States forms the world's longest land border.

The land now called Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French colonies were established on the region's Atlantic coast. As a consequence of various conflicts, the United Kingdom gained and lost North American territories until left, in the late 18th century, with what mostly comprises Canada today. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1, 1867, three colonies joined to form the autonomous federal Dominion of Canada. This began an accretion of provinces and territories to the new self-governing Dominion. In 1931, Britain granted Canada near total independence with the Statute of Westminster 1931 and full sovereignty was attained when the Canada Act 1982 severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the British parliament.

Canada is a federal parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, Queen Elizabeth II being the current head of state. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries, with a population of approximately 35 million as of 2015. Its advanced economy is one of the largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade networks. Canada's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture.

Canada is a developed country and one of the wealthiest in the world, with the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally, and the eighth highest ranking in the Human Development Index. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, and education. Canada is a Commonwealth Realm member of the Commonwealth of Nations, a member of the Francophonie, and part of several major international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings including the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the G8, the Group of Ten, the G20, the North American Free Trade Agreement and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum.