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New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
high quality for passengers, opportunity for market players
László Sándor KERÉNYIHead of Transport Strategy Department
BKK Centre for Budapest Transport
2László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
Contents
• Budapest facts and figures• Current status of the bus sector• Challenges for better services• The new model• Lessons learnt
3
Budapest facts and figures
Budapest / the Capital (since 1873):• 1.700.000 inhabitants• 600.000 car trips/day• Modal Split: 60% personal / 40% public• 3,56 million passengers/day on BKVAgglomeration (Pest County, 80 settlements):• 800.000 inhabitants• 400.000 car trips/day (66% of all trips!)
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
4
Budapest facts and figures
Two level municipal system (since 1990):• Municipality of the City of Budapest (the Mayor of
Budapest)• 23 municipalities (23 mayors) of 23 districtsTransportation tasks of the Municipality of the City of Budapest: [National Law LXV.1990. 63.A§ g]• Public transportation• Traffic management on the whole road network of
Budapest (4500 km)• Road and bridge maintenance tasks on roads and
bridges owned by the City of Budapest, or used by public transport (1000 km)
• Transportation development projects• Permitting and legal control
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
5
Budapest facts and figures
Road network:• Full length of the road network: 4500 km• Length of the main road network: 1200 km• 9 Danube road bridges (including M0 bridges)• Over 1000 traffic signaled intersectionsPublic transport network:• Length of the public transport network: 1100 km• Number of stops and stations: 4700• Rolling stock: app. 3000 vehicles (176 million km run)• Average occupancy of vehicles: 23,8%• Average circulating speed of vehicles: 16,7 km/h• 1,37 billion passengers/year, 5,1 billion passenger
km/year
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
6
Budapest facts and figures
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
New transport management model (since 2010):
7
Budapest facts and figures
General tasks of BKK:• Ordering services of public transport (network
planning, commission, control, issuing and controlling tickets, regional coordination)
• Operation of roads, bridges and the traffic management system (development and coordination of reconstruction and construction works)
• Integrated administration and development of urban transportation (elaboration and updating of transport strategy, development and management of projects, professional coordination)
• Elaboration and operation of general transportation regulatory systems (parking, congestion charging, heavy weight traffic charging)
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
8
Current status of the bus sector
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
Bus service facts and figures:• Share: 40%• 556 million passengers p.a.• 177 million vehicle kms• full geographical coverage• 7/24 service• 206 bus lines (daytime)• 38 night bus lines• Peak hours passenger load above 90% on 80% of
the lines, average passenger load 24.0%• OPEX HUF 40 billion (EUR 135 mn) per annum• Total number of passengers 1.39 million per
annum
Rate of passenger numbers by vehicle types
40%
28%
22%
5%5%
Bus Tram Subway Trolleybus Suburban Railway
9
Current status of the bus sector
• First-door alighting to be extended gradually
• Operational and planned replacement of BKV’s fixed-rail services
• Mid-term general goals: • more fixed-rail services• less bus services
• Automated fare collection to be rolled out (fully managed by BKK)
• GPS-based AVL system to be mounted on all surface vehicles (even private operators)
• Gradual shift to the competitive tendering model
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
10
Current status of the bus sector
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
Bus fleet facts and figures:• 1,353 buses• 624 pcs „articulated” (18m-long)• 698 pcs „solo” (12m-long)• 31 pcs „midi” (8m-long)• Average age of fleet:
18.13 years• BKV’s subcontractors:
2 operators (1 private,1 government controlled)
• own depotsIK
405
IK 2
60
IK 2
63
IK 4
12
IK 4
15
Van H
ool A
300
Mer
cede
s Cita
ro O
530
IK 2
80
IK 4
35
Irisb
us A
gora
Volvo
7700
A
Van H
ool A
G300
IKARUS V
187
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
11
Current status of the bus sector
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
IK 260377 pcs
IK 280270 pcs
IK 435171 pcs
IK 415160 pcs
Volvo 7700 A150 pcs
IK 412114 pcs
12
Current status of the bus sector
Bus fleet vs. services:• Many break-downs and cancellations• 75% high-floor• 83% no A/C• Mostly EURO-0, up to EURO-III• Deteriorated outlook, passenger area
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
13
Current status of the bus sector
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
Bus depots of BKV:• 4 bus depots• 1 trolley bus + bus depot• 300-350 buses per depot• all owned by BKV• on-site petrol stations• on-site car wash
• Full Wi-Fi coverage (as part of the AVL system „FUTÁR”)
• Not to be sold – can be utilized by future private operators
14
Challenges for better services
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
Main questions related to the new model:• How to deal with current technical conditions of
the fleet?• How to involve private funding?• How to improve services for passengers? • How to generate competitive pressure for BKV?
15
Main aims of the new bus model:
The new model
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
• Hundreds of low-floor, air-conditioned, EURO-5 or EEV buses to be put into operation until 2014
• No CAPEX
• Competitive tendering
• Cheaper, more efficient, better
• Risk-sharing between BKK and the operators
• BKV’s bus operations: competitor and benchmark
16
The new model
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
Competitive framework:• EU public procurement directives, HU public
procurement law• Two phases:
• Prequalification: open for application for years – since 21/10/2011
• Competitive tendering: actual call for tender for those operators who have successfully passed the pre-qualification
• First tender due: December 2011• „Larger” and „smaller” fleet contracts• Contract term depending on age of fleet; with new
buses planned term: 8 years• Planned contract sizes between 50 and 300 buses
17
The new model
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
Service level agreements:• Punctuality• Cleanliness• Passenger comfort (heating, A/C)
Strict control regime:• Incentives and penalties – „bonus-malus” (stick /
carrot)• Ever increasing service level control• BKK-managed AVL system to track each vehicle
Target: high quality services
18
The new model
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
Gross cost contracts:• Km-based service fee• Service fee to be reviewed per annum• Fare revenue to be collected by BKK
Contract term:• Based on turnover of CAPEX and 1370/2007/EC• Average planned contract term 7-8 years• Option to extension
Risk-sharing, spreading of costs:• Minimal standards to be set• Application of greatest possible freedom for
operators
Target: acceptable service fee
19
Costs:
The new model
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
Factors on possible price increase Potentials to decrease costs
• Higher amortizationBKV’s buses are amortized to zero now
• Higher maintenance costsHigher qualified maintenance staff and more expensive
• More diesel used by new busesNew technology, A/C increases fuel consumption
• RisksDiesel price increase, use of BKV depot, trade unions
• Experience of operatorsExperience with cheaper buses, existing processes, workflows
• More efficient processesMaintenance, roistering, ever increasing cost optimization
• Risk coverageOverhead costs spread across other activities
20
The new model
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
20122013
20142015
Phase 0
Tenders
150 pcs 450 pcs 750 pcs 900 pcs
• Phase 0: replacement of BKV’s subcontractor contracts (until 1/5/2012)
• Tenders: gradual and continuous increase of number of contracts and operators
• Target: more than half of the fleet size are new buses on the new tender regime
„urgent”
Public procurement
preparation
Service provision
Roll-out of the new service framework:
21
The first tender: under time pressure…
The new model
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
Phase 0 (under time pressure) Later phases service framework
• BKK-BKV consortium to procure
• Short-term contract(s) (1-2 years)
• Small fleet size (25-50)
• Acceptance of high-floor/low-entry buses
• „Compromises” on technical expectations
• Subcontracted to BKV
• Direct contract award
• Service to start on 1/5/2012
• Buses to be distributed across the Budapest bus network (mixed with BKV buses)
• Tenders from 1/5/2012
• BKK to procure
• Long-term contracts
• Smaller and larger fleet sizes (100-300)
• Only new buses
• High quality expectations
• Service contract with operators
• Competitive tendering
• Redistribution of buses on the network
22
The new model
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
The first tender: urgent need to act quickly• BKV’s Public Service Contract and BKV
subcontracts expire on 30/4/2012• Before 1/5/2012 BKK had no authority to conclude
procurement and award contracts• BKV has no extra 110 buses for replacement• New contract needed to provide capacity• Time pressure leads to phase 0 „contradictions”
with the new service framework
23
The new model
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
Activities
BKK internal decisions
Prequalification
BKK to draft tender documents
Submission of applications
Evaluation of applications
Negotiations with applicants
RFP
Decision by BKK/BKV
Room for appeal
Contract Award
Preparation for Service Provision
Week
November December
44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
January February March April
13 14 15 16 17
2011 2012
24
Service contracts Part 1 to 6
The new model
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
Parts WinnerNumber of
buses
Contracted
performancePricing method Details of the buses
1. - - - - -
2.VT-Transman
Kft.25
2 000 useful bus
km/year
+ 20 % optional
Useful bus km with
penalties
Used
Low floor
With airconditioning
3.VT-Transman
Kft.25
2 000 useful bus
km/year
+ 20 % optional
Useful bus km with
penalties
Used
Low floor
With airconditioning
4. - - - - -
5.VT-Transman
Kft.25
825 useful bus
km/year
+ 100 % optional
Useful bus km with
penalties
Used
Partially low floor
With airconditioning
6.VT-Transman
Kft.25
825 useful bus
km/year
+ 100 % optional
Useful bus km with
penalties
High floor
Without air-conditioning
25
The new model
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
Service contracts Part 7 and 8:• Part 7: 25 new solo buses + 200% optional• Part 8: 25 new articulated buses + 200% optional
Specifications:• Low floor, with ramp• Minimum EEV engine • Additional points for the alternative propulsion
(CNG, hybrid, electric etc.)• Air-conditioning• Built-in CCTV security system• Built-in passenger counter system
26
Lessons learnt
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
Main lessons after the first tenders:• No real bonus/malus: only penalties can apply due
to the Hungarian procurement procedures → new regulation?
• BKV is not allowed to bid on these procurements → New prequalification tender without BKV
• Only Hungarian bidders → minimum fleet size to bid for new market is around 200
• No Hungarian buses → ???
No change:• Integrated bus fleet control remains in the
responsibility of BKK (FUTÁR system will be integrated on all vehicles)
• Continuous quality control to be performed
27
Thank you for your kind attention!
László Sándor Kerényi Head of Transport Strategy Department [email protected]