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Network Infrastructure In Win 2003 Server

Introduction to Win 2003 Network Infrastructure include LAN, Remote Access,

Network, Internet, Intranet & Extranet Network.1) Local Area Network

LAN use at corporate office and Net Caf. It is a wire network where the system is

connected under one building. Managing and trouble shooting of LAN is easy.

2) Remote Access Network: - Remote access connection uses Dial Up Networkingwith PSTN & ISDN telephone connection. This connection is slower & expensive

than LAN.

Server Server

Telephone LineModem Modem

1) PSTN Client Client

2) ISDN

1

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3) Lease line (city to city)

What is Internet?

Inter NIC (COMPANY)

Internet

Partnet

Extranet

www.microsoft.com

TCP/IP TransmissionAt the ending 1960 ARANET (military Department) invent NCP.IBM --------------------------------Telnet

AT & T ----------------------------FTP

Bell labs ---------------------------TCP

Lucent

IEEE

1981 --------------------------------IP

Inter NIC/ICAN

1982 --------------------------------TCP/IP

SNMP

SMTP

1992---------------------------------HTTPL2TP

IPSEC

2005---------------------------------Development continue

2

ORGSERVER

EDUSERVER

COMSERVER

Intranet

ISPISP ISP

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DOD Model (Department of Defenses)

DOD model consist of four layers

1) Application layer: - It contains all the TCP/IP application & services, TCP/IPapplication/Client server base.

OS

C/S

TCP/IP TCP/IP

Telnet-------------------------------------------------Telnet Server

Microsoft FTP ---------------------------------------------------FTP server

HTTP-------------------------------------------------FTP server

HTTP -------------------------------------------------HTTPD (Demon Server)

Unix FTP ---------------------------------------------------FTPD

Ex. Telnet: - It is a terminal emulation utility. It is used to access the Remote system.

(Telnet server) From the remote client, telnet client (text)

From Services start the telnet service go to CMD type telnet IP address of Telnet Machine.

2) FTP: -It is an application & it is used to transfer of files uploading & downloadingfiles.

3

A lication

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

Telnet, FTP, HTTP,

SNMP, DHCP

TCP UDP

IP ICMP AAP

LAN/WAN Tech

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3) HTTP: - (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) it is mainly used on web server. It useswww. Service it support text graphic video.

4) SMTP: - It is used for simple mail on main server.Ex. Exchange lotus notes. SMTP is used to sent mails and pop3 is use to receive mail.

5) SNMP: - Simple network management protocol SNMP service is used to monitor

TCP/IP statistics on SNMP client.

6) Host-to-Host Layer: - It consists of to communication protocol.TCP: - Transmission communication protocol

Its a connection oriented protocol

It uses acknowledgement.

Packet Delivery is garn tied

It is slower than UDP

UDP: - User Data gram protocol

It is connectionless protocol

It does not use acknowledgement

Packet delivery is not garn tied It is faster than TCP

Internet Layer: -IP: -IP is connectionless protocol by default IP is responsible to root IP packet to the

destination IP uses IP address for communication.

ICMP: - Internet control massage process. It is responsible for network massage and error.

ARP: - Address resolution protocol it maps the IP address network layer.

It is empty it does not contain any protocol. It handles LAN & WAN connection.

IP Addressing

IP address is 32 Bit logical address __. __. __. __=32 bit logical addressOctave

IP address consist of four octave

Classes of IP AddressA Class --------1 to 126

B Class --------128 to 191

C Class --------192 to 223

D Class --------224 to 239 (multicast)

E Class --------240 to 254 (future)

127 is reserve for default IP

EX. 90.200.172.8 (A class)

The first octave identifies the class of octave.IP address consist of the Network ID & Host ID

_____. ____. ____. ____

NT ID & Host ID

Subnet Mask It is 32 Bit logical address Subnet mask is used to identify the network ID and

Host ID in the IP address subnet mask contains value 255 & 0

255 identify the network ID & 0 identify the Host ID.

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IP address ____. ____. ____. ____ =32 bit logical address.

Default Subnet MaskA Class ____. ____. ____. ____= 16 million host

255. 0. 0. 0

B Class ____. ____. ____. ____= 65,545 Host255. 255. 0. 0

C Class____. ____. ____. ____ =254 Host

255. 255. 255. 0

A ____. ____. ____. ____ Wrong

0 0 0

B ____. ____. ____. ____ Wrong

0 0

C ____. ____. ____. ____ Wrong

0

D ____. ____. ____. ____

0

Converting Decimal to Binary.128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Ex. 170 if 128 is minus from 170 places 1 at first position if not minus place 0 then from

remaining value minus 64 if it can minus place 1 or not place 0 at second position.

170-128= 42, 42-64, 42-32=10, 10-16, 10-8=2, 2-4, 2-2=0, 0-1

1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

Using DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)Every Host installed with TCP/IP compulsory must have an IP address a TCP/IP Host isassign IP address in two ways.

1) Static Manually2) Dynamic Automatic

In a large network static address is not feasible. You must use DHCP server to assign IP

address to the entire Host in a network.

192.168.22.1 to 20 Reserve for serverDC1 DC2 Web SRV Email-SRV Database SRV

192.168.22.1 192.168.22.2 192.168.22.3 192.168.22.4 192.168.22.5

DHCP SRV CLIENT

192.168.22.6 IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, DNS, Wins

5

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Authorize the DHCP SRV

Create Scope

Scope name IP address range Start __. __. __. __End __. __. __. __ Subnet Mask __. __. __. __Excluding Range __. __. __. __Lease Period: 8 days (till to 999)

Scope Option: y/n

Finish.

A DHCP server assigns the following to the DHCP client.

1) IP address

2) Subnet mask

3) Default gateway

4) DNS

5) Wins

DHCP lease Generation process.

DHCP Client DHCP Server

1) IP lease request

DHCP Dissolver

IP lease offer 2)DHCP offer

3) IP lease reflection

DHCP request

IP lease ACK 4)

DHCP ACK

Broadcast

IP, SM,

If server is down the client 3 times tries for IP address if DHCP not responding

(Automatic Private IP address) when it get APIPA. When it get APIPA the machine

tries after every 10 min to connect DHCP and try to get IP address from DHCP.

6

Net Bios

name, MAC

add,

Broadcast

address,255.255.255.

255

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DHCP Lease Renewal Process: -50% ---- 4 Days

87.5%-- 7 Days100% -- 8 Days

APIPA

DHCP Server Scope Option: - There are four option on the DHCPserver.

1) Address Pool: -This option display the IP addresses Range and the excludedIP address range.

2) Address Lease: - This option display the information of DHCP client i.e. IPaddress, client name, lease Expire date, Mac address of DHCP client.

3) Reservation: - you can reserve an IP address to DHCP client bycreating a reservation entry on DHCP server you need to specify 1) Client

name 2) IP address 3) MAC address.

4) Scope option: - This option you can use this option to provideadditional IP configuration address of router, DNS and Wins.

5) IP configuration: -You can configure IP configuration in the serveroption if the IP configuration is same for all scope i.e. server

configuration option applied to all scope.

6) Super Scope: - Super scope combine two or more scope as single unit.

Using DHCP in Routed Network

Relay agent DHCP Srv

DHCP Client DHCPClient

Router never allow to broadcast

So we need to install Relay agent

Other side of DHCP SRV

7

Router

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Implementing DNS in win 2003 (Domain Name System)

Introduction: -Zone

C1

C2 C4

DNS server Resolve Domain name to IP address.

DNS Query Process

1) Interactive Query: - The DNS server returns the best answer that it can providewithout help from other server.

DNS Server DNS Server DNS Server DNS Server

(gives ip of server1)

Server1.com

1 2 3 4 5

Server1.com?

8

C1IP

C2---IPC3---IP

C4---IP

records

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DNS ClientDNS client wants to connect to server1.com. It will 1st ask its own DNS server,if it doesnt

have then it will ask other DNS servers.After getting the IP address it will directly connect

to Server1.com

2) Recursive Query: - The DNS server returns to complete answer to query not topointer to another DNS server.(DNS client will ask its own DNS server and that DNS

server will itself ask other DNS servers and get the IP and give it to the DNS client)

Creating Zone Win2003 DNS supports different types of zone.1) Primary Zone

2) Secondary Zone

3) Active Directory Integrated

4) Stub Zone

Windows\system32\dns\cisco.com.dns

DNS Server DNS Server

Secondary zone Primary zone

Alternate DNS SRV

Read Only Read & Write

C1---------IP C1-------IP

C2---------IP C3-------IP

C3---------IP C4-------IP

C4---------IP C5-------IP

C5---------IP C6-------IP

If primary DNS goes down the secondary work as primary secondary is read only &

primary is read & write.

Primary Zone: - It contains a read & write version of the zone file i.e. told in a standardtext file. Any changes to the zone are recorded in that file you must create a primary zone

each time if you create a new zone.

Secondary Zone: - Secondary zone contains a read only version of zone file i.e. told instandard text file any change to zone are recorded in a primary zone file and replicated to

the secondary zone file a secondary zone copy from primary zone.

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Active Directory Integrated Zone Replication

Automatic

Active Directory Integrated

Cisco.com

Cisco.com Primary

Read & Write Read & Write

Active Directory Integrated Zone: - Stores the zone information in an Active Directory not

in a text file. Updated to the zone occur automatically during ADS replication. Active

Directory Integrated is read & write.Subs Zone: - It is a new feature in win2003 stub zone contains address of the authoritative

DNS server.

Installing DNS win 20031) Win 2003 SRV

2) Static IP

3) DNS service Installed

Control panel Add/Remove Programs Windows Component Network ServiceDetails DNS.

DNS

Forward Lookup Zone

Zone map domain name to IP addressReverse Lookup Zone

Zone map IP address to domain name.

DNS StructureZone Com Com MCSE.com

Domain India Comp1 Comp1

Sub domain Pune

Host Comp1 comp1.mcse.com

Comp1.com

Comp1.pune.India.com

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FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name)

Creating Primary Zone: -DNS SRV Forward Lookup Zone Right Click New Zone Primary

Zone Name

Zone Filename Dynamic Update (Y/N)

Finish

Creating Secondary Zone: -DNS SRV Forward Lookup zone Right Click New Zone Secondary Zone

Zone Name

IP address of master DNS (Name same as Primary Zone)

Finish

Before You Create a secondary zone you must configure name & setting on a primary zone

setting.

On the primary zone properties Zone Transfer OptionIn zone Transfer

Check the allow zone transfer

Select the option below i.e. to any server

You can also set replication interval from primary zone properties SOA option.

Creating primary zone for Reverse Lookup Zone

New zone

Primary Specify the Net ID

Filename of zone

Allow dynamic Update (Y/N)

Finish

Examining Zone File Resource record (RR) RR in zone file contains a computers1) FQDN @NS Comp1.mcse.com

2) IP address comp1 A 192.168.22.1

3) Alias CC cname comp1.mcse.com

4) Pointer (PTR) 1.22.168.192-in-addr-arpa PTR comp1.mcse.com

If primary zone is deleted or courted you can change secondary zone to become a primary

zone you can configure single DNS Server to Host.

1) One or more Primary Zone.

1) One or more secondary zone.

2) Combination of primary and secondary zone.

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Zone Transfer between primary & secondary a zone transfer is a process of replicating a

zone file to another to another DNS Server a zone transfer instituted the master DNS

server sends notification of zone changes of secondary DNS server in win2003 the DNS

Server is updated by incremental zone transfer.You can configure zone transfer from

Primary Zone Properties SOA (start of authentication)SOA option contains

1) serial number

2) primary server

3) Responsible server administrator

4) Time interval, Refresh, Retry and TTL (Time To Leave)

Active Directory Integrated ZoneAdvantage

1) ADS zone date is stored in the ADS object2) It replicate as port of DC

3) No Single point of failure

4) Fault tolerance

5) Provide secure only option a dynamic update

LINUX DNS server WIN 2003 DNS server

Zone Zone

200 Records Record

File Copy and Rename

File in Win 2003 server(windows\system32\DNS)

1) Domain.name.dns Forward Lookup file which translate Host name to IP address2) zyx.win.addr.arpa The reverse Lookup file i.e. used to translate IP address to

host name

3) Cache.dns: - Contains the host for resolving name outside authorized domain.

4) Boot: - Controlled how the DNS server service start.

File Type Unix File name Win2003 File name

Boot File named.boot Boot

Forward lookup file db.domain name domain_name.dns

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Reverse lookup file db.x.w.y y.x.w.in.addr.arpa.dns

Dynamic Update

The DNS dynamic update protocol allows client to automatically update DNS server.

DHCP server Pre win 2000 / NT4.0/98

Win 2000/2003/XP

DNS server

Cisco.com enable dynamic update

(secure/ non secure)

If all the machines are Win 2000 / 2003/ XP then we will directly make them DNS clientand they are already enabled for dynamic updates. We will select non secure and secure on

the dynamic update of DNS server. All the information of the client will be automatically

updated BUT if there are pre win 2000 machines also, so we will have to take help of

DHCP. Will have to make all the machines including win 2000/ 2003 / XP DHCP clientsand the DHCP server will update the DNS server.

To enable dynamic update you need to configure DNS server & DHCP server.

Configure DNS serverDNS Zone Properties General Dynamic Update Non Secure & secure

Configure DHCP server DHCP Server/scope properties DNS

Select Enable DNS Dynamic Update optionDynamically update DNS A and Records only if requested by DHCP Cilents

Always dynamically update DNS A and PTR

Discard A and PTR records when lease Records is deleted

Dynamically Update DNS A and PTR records for DHCP Clients that do no request update

for example, Clients running windows NT 4.0

Secure are the computer in same Domain

Non secure means are computer outside domain

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If the zone active directory integrated that you get secure only option in the Dynamic

update.

Maintaining & Troubleshooting DNS

Reducing Network Traffic: -

CITY 1

Forwarder only catching

WAN link

CITY 2

Catching only server perform name resolution on behalf of client computers and cache

results

DNS server Properties Forwarders specify the IP address of DNS server to whichyou want forward .

If the DNS server is root zone that it can not be forwarder maintain DNS Zone

A----------------Host

PTR------------Reverse

14

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INCLUDEPICTURE "http://images.g

Main DNS server

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Cname---------Alias

SRV------------Service

M---------------Mail

SOA

Monitoring DNS

Test DNS: - You can test the simple and recursive query of DNSDNS SRV Properties Monitoring.Event Viewer

Enable DNS Server Debug logging

DNS SRV Properties Debug logging

Implementing wins in win 2003 SRVWINS (Windows Internet Name Service)

Introduction

Net bios Name: - It is a computer name Microsoft OS user net bios service and requires

compulsory computer name (net bios name) or the system net bios name must be unique in

the network A net bios name is of maximum 15 characters. Net bios name are used forconnecting the system in the network. Net bios names are registered net bios names the

enable users to locate comps that contains shared resources on the network

C1 C2

If a user at C1 Wants to access to Machine C2 then he goesStart Run\\C2 this command is located is called net bios query.Net bios name resolutionSteps

1)Net Bios name cache: - It contains the net bios name that the local computer recentlyresolved and the name resoulation result.

Nbtstat -c

Command to check the cach list that is computer name and IP add recently connected

to,byour PC

Nbtstat RCommand to clear the cach list

2) Net bios name server (wins server)

It maintains a data base of net bios name and IP addresses and responses to

the client name resolution request. In win 2003 net bios name server is win server.

3) Local broadcast

15

http://smb//C2/http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcbypaul.com/wpclipart/computer/computer-2.png&imgrefurl=http://www.pcbypaul.com/wpclipart/computer/&h=400&w=400&sz=9&tbnid=b9meYcoAM1cL7M:&tbnh=120&tbnw=120&hl=en&start=27&prev=/images%3Fq%3DCOMPUTER%26start%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcbypaul.com/wpclipart/computer/computer-2.png&imgrefurl=http://www.pcbypaul.com/wpclipart/computer/&h=400&w=400&sz=9&tbnid=b9meYcoAM1cL7M:&tbnh=120&tbnw=120&hl=en&start=27&prev=/images%3Fq%3DCOMPUTER%26start%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://smb//C2/

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A net bios client can issue a broadcast on the local network for the ip address of

the destination net bios name

WINS server

Netbios name server

2 C2

3 BROADCAST C3 C11 Netbios cache

C4When C1 needs to connect to C2 it will 1st check its netbios cache list,if not there then 2nd it

will ask wins serve. If not there the 3rd

it will broadcast

Lmhost file :Lmhost is static

A3 C3

A2 Lmhost File C2

16

Netbios-------IPname

------ IP

------- ------

10.0.0.1 A110.0.0.2 A2

10.0.0.3 A3

ROUTER

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A1 C1

10.0.0.1

Path of lmhost = windows\system32\drivers\etc\ lmhost

WINS Overview

NAME REGESTRATION

When you configure a computer as WINs client, the clients computer register its

netbios name and IP address by sending a name registration request directly to the

primary WINs server. The client when register to the WINs server,in its request it takes its

netbios name and Ip address and also the service which it is registering.

WINS server

WINS Client

INSTALL WINS1) WIN 2003 SERVER

2) STATIC IP

3) WINS SERVER INSTALL

STEPS:-

Start setting control panel add remove prog windows componentnetworking services details WINS ok next.The wins client by default is registered with 2 services ie file server and work station. On a

wins client if a new service is started the wins client automatically register the new service

entry on the wins server

REGESTRATION RENEWAL

The default renewal interval for entries in the wins data base is 6 days. Renewal occurs

every 3 days because the registration renewal is of 50%

NAME QUERY

17

Netbios nameIP address

Win server IP add

Service type

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A wins client can use the netbios name of another wins client to obtain the IP add of that

client from the Wins server 1st it sends the query to the primary wins server, if it doesnt

respond it will query to the secondary wins server if available, even if secondary does not

response, the client will the broadcast. A wins client can add up to 12 wins server

NAME RELEASEWhen you shout down the wins client properly, by using the OS shut down sequence or by

stopping a network service ,the client send sends the name release request directly to the

wins server for each requested name.

Supporting Non WIN Client

DNS & WINS inter operability

DNS client

DNS server 4 1 comp1.MCSE.com?

2 3 WINS Server

Enabling WINS ForwardingDNS Zone Properties WINS Selected WINS forwarding & Specify the IPaddress of WINS server.

Using Static Mapping

WINS client WINS server

WINS DATEBASEWINS client WINS client

18

ZONE

Comp1 IP addressis not available

DATA BASE

Comp1 10.0.0.2

Linux123 IP

ROUTER

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Linux123 WINS client

Static mapping is a manual Entry in the WINS data base that the net bios name to IPaddress. Static mapping mainly done for non Microsoft OS.

WINS comp1 Active Registration New Map static Specify computer name, Netbios Scope optionalType(Unique simple)specify IP address

USING WINS PROXY

WINS client WINS server

WINS client WINS client

comp1

LINUX 123 WINS client(ping linux 123 it can ping)

Wins proxy is a computer to forward broadcast name resolution request to the win server

for name resolution.

Enable win proxy by using regedit.

My Computer\HEY.Local\Machine\System\current control set\services\netbt\prameter

Right Click New Dward value Enable Proxy Double Click (O means off & 1means on)

Ipconfig/all check

Check from status wins client.

WINS Replication

19

ROUTER

ROUTER

WINS database

Linux123 IP

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WINS Server WINS server

WINS client WINS client

WINS client WINS client

Replication Partner1) Pull partners: - Request replica of database entry at specify interval it limits the

frequently of replication traffic but may cause less data synchronization.

2) Push Partners: - It notified replication partner when changes exceed specify

threshold (No of changes). It maintain synchronization but may increase traffic.

3) Push/Pull Partner: - It is configure as both push partner and pull partner. It ensure

synchronization regard ness no of changes.

Maintaining WINS Database

WINS display all records in the database and organized the information into a following

columns.

1) Record name The register net bios name a following columns.2) Type The service that register the entry it includes the hexadecimal type ID.3) IP address IP address of the register WINS client.4) State The state of the database entry. It can be active, Release or Tombstone.5) Static Indicated whether the mapping is static.6) Owner The wins server from which the entry originated.7) Version A unique hexadecimal no. assign by the wins server8) Expiration It shows the entry which expire.

Deleting Wins Record

When you delete a wins record there are two methods.

1) Delete the record from this server this option remove the records from the databaseand wins server that the database and wins server that you are configure.

2) Replicate deletion of records of other server (Tombstone) Remove the records from

database server that you are configure and also delete the records from other

server.

Compacting Wins Database1) Stop the wins

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2) Jetpack win.mdb temp.mdb

3) Start the wins service

Path windows\system32\wins\wins.mdb

Backing Up Wins

Right Click win server Backup database

Configuring Remote Access ConnectionRemote access connection are between computer located in remote distance.

RAS user used different types of protocol & media

Connection Type

1) Public Switch Telephone Network (PSTN) : - PSTN uses analog telephone line and

modems. It is a cheapest remote access connection and not reliable.

2) Integrated Service Digital Network(ISDN): - ISDN is uses digital telephone

connection & modems. ISDN is expensive than PSTN. ISDN are reliable than PSTN.

3)Virtual Private Network (VPN): -

INTERNET

VPN client

VPN allows connection between LAN through Internet,the client has to intstall VPN &

became VPN client.

4) Null Modem Cable OR Serial communication between two computer

Data Transport Protocol

1) LAN Protocol

A) TCP/IP

B) IPX/SPX

C) Apple talk

2) RAS Protocol

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ISP

LANNETWORKISP

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a) Point to Point Protocol(PPP): - PPP enable the remote Access point & server to

operate together in multi vender company it is default protocol or most commonly

use protocol in remote access.

b) Serial LAN Internet Protocol (SLIP): - SLIP is most commonly used telnet (Unix

based) Microsoft Windows 2000 & 2003 supports only slip client they do not

support SLIP server.

3) VPN Protocol: -

a) PPTP (Point to Point Tunneling Protocol)

b) L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol) more secure.

Configuring RAS ServerTo make RAS Server

1) Install Modem2) Configure & Enable R RAS

Dial up (Remote Access) IP Assignment

Automatically (DHCP)

Specify Range (R RAS Server)

No Radius Finish

To make RAS Client

1) Install

2) Make new Dial Up Connection

User must be in Dial in permission.

Ports1------------Modem

10 ----------VPN (PPTP5) (L2TP--- 5)

By default the modem on R RAS server is configured only for in board connection if you

want dial through R RAS server to another R RAS server for select in board & outbound

connection

R RAS server Ports Properties select Port Click configuration

Multi LinkMulti link allows users to combine analog & ISDN path. Multi link enable your computer

use to one or more communication port with bandwidth R RAS users PPP multi link

protocol windows 2003 also support BAP bandwidth allocations protocol for dynamic multi

link.

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Authentication Protocol: - There are five standard Authentication Protocol.1) MSCHAP V2 (Microsoft Challenge Hand Shake Authentication Protocol version

2) MSCHAP (Microsoft Challenge Hand Shake Authentication Protocol).

3) CHAP (Challenge Hand Shake Authentication Protocol).4) SPAP (Shiva Password Authentication Protocol).

5) PAP (Password Authentication Protocol).

Protocol Security Used Where OR Description

MS-CHAP V2 High When you have dial up

clients running

win2000/2003 or VPN clients

running NT 4.0 & win98

MS-CHAP High When you are running NT

4.0 and later win98.

CHAP High When you have client which

is not running on Microsoft.

SPAP Medium When connecting SHIVA

LAN Rorer andwin2000/2003 client base R

RAS server.

PAP Low Clients server can not

negotiate using more

validation user name &

password is sends clear text.

Authentication protocol must be same on R RAS and client.

Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP): - Supports customize authentication to RAS

server by using protocol1) MD5- CHAP (Message Digest 5 Challenge Handshake Authentication protocol)

2) TLS (Transport layer Security )

3) Smart Card.

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CONFIGURE RRAS TO ACCESS DHCPIf the DHCP server is available RRAS obtains 10 IP address at a time. If DHCP

server is in available RRAS uses APIPA.

Monitor RRAS

You can monitor RRAS service from

1) Event viewer

2) Modem log-in PATH control panel phone and modems modemproperties diagnostics ..click on record a log ( this will make a file where thefunction of the modems will be recorded)

Where as in XPthere will be an option click on append a log (it will do the same but

wont overwrite the file it will make new files every time the modem is used).

USING IAS (INTERNET AUTHENTICATION SERVICE)Radius:- Remote Access Dial In User ServiceIt is an industry standard protocol. That provides the solution to authentication and

remote user accounting. In windows 2003 the combination of RRAS and IAS provide

support for Radius

Introduction to IASIAS proferms centralized authentication, authorization, auditing and accounting of

connections for dail up

Installing IAS

Path:- Control Pannel add remove windows components network servicesIAS ok Finish.Configure IASFirst register the IAS server on the domain.

Path IAS right click register server and active directory ok

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Confirm the IAS server computer a/c is the member of the RAS and IAS server group in

the DC.

IAS server act as a Radius server.

Add Radius client on IAS server

Path:- program administrative tool IAS server radius client new Radiusclient specify friendly nameip address of Radius client select client venderMicrosoft (radius standard) specify a shared secrete password.

CONFIGURE WIN 2003 AS A ROUTER.

There are 2 types of routers1) logical router NT/ 2000/ 2003/ linux2) physical router hardware client (cicso,novel,3comp)Routers allows communication between 2 different network or 2 machine. 1 is A class, 1

is B class. 2 different machines with same class but 2 different network no..

Router basic components

Router contains routing table which stores information of the network

Default entries in Routing Table

0.0.0.0 - Default route

127.0.0.0 - Loop back224.0.0.0 - Multi task

255.255.255.255 Broadcast

Dynamic RoutingRouter use routing protocol to exchange information between routers to propagate

network address and connection information. The 2 most common routing protocols are

1) RIP Routing Information Protocol

a) for small to medium inter networks

b) uses a routing table

c) easier to configure and manage

d) does not scale welle) support 15 router

2) OSPF Open Shortest Path First

a) for large heterogeneous inter network

b) uses a line state data base

c) complex to configure and manage

d) operates efficiently in large network

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e) supports unlimited router

PATH:-

Making a Router

Programs administrative tool routing and routing access (right click computer)configure and enable routing and remote access custom configuration LAN routing finish yes.

Configure the router

After the above, go to local computer IP routing general local area connectionproperties configuration give IP advance add IP add ok

On client specify router address right click local area connection and give default

gateway.

Configure Internet Access for a Network

1) By using Routera) Router optimizes network performance

b) It enables all user in the network to share a single connection to the internet.

2) By using firewall

Firewall prevents unauthorized access to your network. It enables you to specify the

type of traffic that is allowed into and out of your network.

3) connecting to internet by using NATing( Network Address Transalation)

NATing hides the internal IP address of the computer & gives a

request to the internet by its own IP address.By NAT the Internet gets the request from royter server & not the internal

computer.

1. The client sends the Packet to the computer running NAT.

2. The computer running NAT changes the packet header & sends the packet over the

internet to the Web server.

3. The Web server sendes yhe reply to the computer running NAT .

4. The computer running NAT determines the destination, changes the packet header

& sendes the packet to the client.

4) USING ICS ( INTERNET CONNECTION SHARING)

1. It is for small companies.

2. It does not caching..

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MANAGING WEB SERVERManaging windows 2003 network:-

Windows 2003 provides two methods for administrating the network.

Remote desktop:-Share the folder on 2003 server windows /system32 /TS client &

install it on windows 2000 professional or pre Win 2000 computer.

Path:-

Right click my computerPropertiesRemoteEnable Remote desktop.

SNMP :- (Simple Network Management Protocol)It is a industry standard management protocol ,use to manage network

Servers, Workstation, bridge, Switch, Routers.

SNMP Requires (SMS) System Management Service Software for

installation.

SNMP agent & management system belongs to a group called communities

which are identify by names.

Only agents & manager that are member of the same community can

communicate with each other (by default the community name is public).

Installing SNMP Client :-

Path:-

Control panelAdd remove programes Add remove windowscomponentsManagement & monitoring toolsSimple Network ManagementProtocolOk.

TROBLE SHOOTING NETWORK PROBLEMS

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Text commands ;

1. Net helpmsg error no.

2. Net send IP massage

3. Net view.

4. Net share.5. Net start service name

6. Net stop service name

7. Net user NAME Password /add

8. Net statistics server

9. Net statistics workstation

VERYFYING TCP/IP1. IPconfigIP, Subnet Mask, default Gateway.2. IPconfigIP, Subnet Mask, default Gateway, DNS IP, WINS IP, MAC Address.3. IPconfig/Flush DNSPurge DNS Cache.4. IPconfig/Release It release IP Address given by DHCP.5. IPconfig/RenewIt renew IP Address given by DHCP

TESTING IP CONFIGURATIONPING 127.0.0.1 ----------LoopbackPING 192.168.22.2 ----------Ping selfPING 192.168.22.1 ----------DCPING 10.0.0.2 ----------Remote host.If problem in network use above commands.

TESTING IP TO MACARP A ------------------IP to MAC Address information.ARP D ------------------Delete the ARP Cache.

ARP entries are deleted in three situations

1. 120 seconds are over.2. arp d

3. When you restart the computer.

ARP S IP MAC Address ---Adding static entries.Static entries are not deleted after 120 seconds.But only when you give ARP D or

restart the computer.

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TESTING NAME RESOLUTIONNBTSTAT C --------------------View Netbios cache.NBTSTAT R --------------------Purge/Deleting entries.