Neuroanatomy Lecture

CogSci 107C – Prof. Chiba4/5, 2007

http://www9.biostr.washington.edu/cgi-bin/DA/imageform

For more brain images and active content:

This is your brain….. (no, really)

Central Nervous System

Sulci and Fissures

External Brainstem – Cranial Nerves

On Old Olympus Towering Top A Finn And German Viewed Some Hops.

The trigeminal nerve as the name indicates is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches.

Example of Cranial Nerve: Trigeminal

Ventricles

Blood Supply

Blood Vessels

Sagittal Brainstem

Limbic System

Medial Structures

Hippocampus

Hippocampal Dissections

Thalamus

Corona Radiata –Thalamic Pathways

Caudate Nucleus

Basal Ganglia Structures

Cortex

Cerebellum

Vascular System

• Reminder: All brain function is dependent on oxygen.

• There are two main arterial supplies to the brain:– Carotid Arteries– Basilar Artery (comes off of vertebral arteries)

Identify the following arteries in the cerebral angiogram in the image above: Vertebral Artery - Basilar Artery                    

             

Vertebal Arteries/Basilar Artery

Right Internal Carotid Artery

DA, NE, 5HT Pathways

Norepinephrine

The Origins of Cognitive Neuroscience

Psychology – Experimental/CognitiveNeurology – ClinicalEmergent Clinical Fields:Behavioral NeurologyNeuropsychology Emergent Experimental Fields:NeuroscienceExperimental NeuropsychologyBehavioral Neuroscience

Research Populations

• Human patients with brain damage or disorders

• Neurologically intact humans• Nonhuman animals

primatesrodentsinvertebrates

The Origins of Cognitive Neuroscience

Psychology – Experimental/CognitiveNeurology – ClinicalEmergent Clinical Fields:Behavioral NeurologyNeuropsychology Emergent Experimental Fields:NeuroscienceExperimental NeuropsychologyBehavioral Neuroscience

Research Populations

• Human patients with brain damage or disorders

• Neurologically intact humans• Nonhuman animals

primatesrodentsinvertebrates

Patients with Brain Damage

• The lesion approachExamples: 1. HM remember him???

2. Blindsight huh?

Any problems with this approach???????

WHAT'S NEW WITH THE AMNESIC PATIENT H.M.?

Suzanne Corkin    H.M. became amnesic in 1953. Since that time, nearly 100 investigators, first at the Montreal Neurological Institute and since 1966 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, have participated in studying him. We all understand the rare opportunity we have had to work with him, and we are grateful for his dedication to research. He has taught us a great deal about the cognitive and neural organization of memory. We are in his debt.

Problems with the Lesion Approach• Variability in regions of damage• Example: language mapping

BTW: DISCLAIMER

• The broken brain may not process information in the same way as the intact brain…..

• EG: Stiles – developmental studies of spatial processing

Behavioral Methods

• Clinical Interviews• Information from caretakers• Neuropsychological Testing

– Battery Approach– Decision Tree ApproachExperimental Testing

Physiological Methods

• CAT – Computerized Axial Tomography• MRI – Magnetic Resonance Imaging• FMRI• PET• Electrophysiological Recording

– EEG– ERP– Depth Electrodes

GOOD BYE