Networks & Communications

Networks

& Communications (COMP277/L)

Student Practical

Handbook

Dr. Mohamed Aissa

Room 11 I-13

Content

1 Introduction to Computer Communication Networks 2 Network Classifications 3 Network Media 4 Network Devices 5 Open System Interconnection Model 6 Protocols

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TOPIC 1

Exercise 1

Introduction

Introduction

Student Practical Handbook Comp277 /L

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Exercise No

1

Introduction

Related Topic: 1 Introduction

STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of this exercise,, a successful student will be able to:

Define some basic terminologies.

Recognize a communication model and define its basic components.

Recognize a data communication model and define its basic components.

Define a data flow and the different data directions at different transmission times.

Determine the main connection types.

Question 1

In all the following sentences circle the right answer.

1. Which of the following best describes the term telecommunications?

a. Communication with remote control.

b. Communication at distance.

c. Communication assisted by televisions.

2.Which of the following best describes the term data?

a. Numbers, characters, symbols images etc., which can be processed by a

computer.

b. Processed facts, statistics used for reference or analysis.

c. Information related to a defined subject.

3.Which of the following best describes the term information?

a. Numbers, characters, symbols images etc., which can be processed by a

computer.

b. Knowledge derived from study, experience (by the senses), or instruction.

c. Any kind of knowledge that is exchangeable amongst people, about things,

facts, concepts, etc., in some context. " Information is interpreted data".

Introduction


5

4. Which of the following best describes the term data communication?

a. The data processing to solve any problem related to communication.

b. Information system data processing.

c. The exchange of data between two devices via some form of transmission

medium such as a wire cable.

Question 2

1. The following figures represent a communication model (figure (a)) and an

example (figure b). Fill in the boxes in the figure (a) with the appropriate

designations and write in figure (b) the corresponding examples.

Fig. 1: Communication Model

2. The following figures represent a communication model and the type of signals

generated at different phases of the data transmission process in a data

communication model. Fill in the following table with the appropriate signal types

generated at each phase (2, 3, 4, 5).

Introduction


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Fig.2 Data Communication Model

Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Phase 5

Signal Type

3. The following figure contains the main components of data communication. Write

the designation of each component in this figure.

Fig.3 Main Components of Data Communication

Introduction


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4. Fill in the following table with the appropriate data flow type according to the

direction(s) of data.

Data Direction(s) Data Flow Type

5. Fill in the following table with the appropriate connection type for each figure.

Connection Type


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TOPIC 2

Exercise 1

Network Classifications

Exercise 2 Network Classifications


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Exercise No

2

Network Classifications



Define the basic types of network classifications.

Analyze and compare the basic network topologies.

Analyze and compare peer-to-peer and client/server networks.

Analyze and compare LAN, MAN and WAN networks.

Analyze and compare transmission data methods in the basic network topologies.

1.Which of the following best describes a characteristic existing in a Local Area Network

(LAN)? a. Internal data rates greater than WAN.

b. External data rates greater than WAN.

c. External data rates less than WAN.

2. Which of the followings are usually owned by the same organization that owns

attached devices:

a. LAN.

b. MAN

c. WAN

3. Which of the followings is usually called when the number of computer is fewer

than 100, and it does not require a router

a. LAN.

b. MAN

c. WAN

4. Which of the following best describes a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)?

a. It covers a geographic area such as a town, city or suburb.

b. It covers a geographic area such as a building.

c. It covers a geographic area such as a continent.

5. Which of the following devices provides access to resources and services?

a. A client.

b. A server.

c. Any ordinary computer.



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6. Which of the following devices requests access to the resources or services?

a. A client.

b. A server.

c. Any ordinary computer.

7. Which of the following topologies corresponds to the topology depicted in the

Fig.1?

a. A peer-to-peer.

b. A server based network (Client/Server)

c. Other type.

Fig. 1

8. In a defined network type, every user must also act as a network administrator,

controlling access to the resources on their machines. Which of the following best

describes this network:

a. A peer-to-peer network.

b. A server based network

c. Other type.

9. If your network contains more than ten computers, then you should choose the

following network:

a. A peer-to-peer network.

b. A server based network

c. Any other network.



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10. In a client/ Server topology, we can have the following events:

a. Client program sends Request message, such as a database retrieval request.

b. Server program sends a Response message to deliver the requested information

or an explanation for failure.

c. Client program sends a Response message to deliver the requested information

or an explanation for failure.

d. Server program sends Request message, such as a database retrieval request.

11. Which of the followings topologies have very high speed links over long

distances?

a. Ring.

b. Star.

c. Bus

12. Which of the followings topologies is best for short distances?

a. Ring.

b. Star.

c. Bus

13. Which of the followings topologies has high data rates for small number of

devices?

a. Ring.

b. Star.

c. Bus

Let's consider the following bus topology (Fig. 2).

Fig. 2



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14. If computer 1 is printing a large file, which of the following situation(s) is (are)

realistic?

a. All networking devices will see computer's 1 data traffic to the printer.

b. Only some of networking devices will see computer's 1 data traffic to the

printer.

c. None of networking devices will see computer's 1 data traffic to the printer.

d. other

15. If computer 1 is printing a large file, which of the following situation(s) is (are)

realistic?

a. All networking devices will wait for pauses in transmission or until it is

complete before they can initiate their own transmission.

b. All networking devices can initiate their own transmission at any time.

c. Some networking devices can initiate their own transmission however other

devices should wait.

d. other

16. Let's suppose that more than one computer's data is placed on the network at the

same time. Which of the following situation(s) is (are) realistic?

a. The data will be transmitted correctly to all receivers.

b. The data will be corrupted and must be retransmitted.

c. Some networking devices will receive the data, and others will not.

d. other



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Let's consider the following token-ring topology (Fig. 3).

Fig. 3

17. In a token-ring topology, a "token" (shown as a T) is placed in the data channel

and circulates around the ring. What happens if a user wants to transmit?

a. His computer waits until it has control of the token.

b. His computer transmits its data and then waits to get the token.

c. His computer transmits its data independently of the token.

d. other

18. A token-ring network is a deterministic network. What this means?

a. Each station connected to the network is assured access for transmission of its

message at different time intervals.

b. Each station connected to the network is assured access for transmission of its

message at regular or fixed time intervals.

c. Each station connected to the network is assured access for transmission of its

message at variable time intervals.

d. other



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Let's consider the following star topology (Fig. 4):

Fig. 4

19. What kind of devices can be at the center of a star network to provide the

network connection?

a. A hub.

b. A switch

c. A multiplexer

d. Any other device

20. The hub is a multiport repeater. If a hub is used at the center of a star network,

then which of the following situation is realistic?

a. The data received from the sender is broadcast to all devices connected to the

ports of the hub.

b. The data received from the sender is broadcast to only one device which is the

receiver itself.

c. The data received from the sender is kept at the hub to assure its integrity.

d. Other



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21. To minimize unnecessary data traffic, and isolate sections of the network, which

device among the followings is used at the center of a star network?

a. A hub.

b. A switch

c. A multiplexer

d. Any other device

22. If a switch is used at the center of a star network, then we have the following fact:

a. The data received from the sender is broadcast to all devices connected to the

ports of the hub.

b. The data received from the sender is broadcast to only one device which is the

receiver itself.

c. The data received from the sender is kept at the hub to assure its integrity.

d. other


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TOPIC 3

Exercise 1

Transmission Media

Exercise 3 Transmission Media

Student Practical Handbook Comp277/L

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Exercise No

3

Transmission Media



Analyze and compare the basic classifications of transmission media.

Analyze and compare the basic characteristics of guided media.

Analyze and compare the basic characteristics of unguided media.

Analyze and compare the different types of cables.

Question 1

1. Which of the following best describes a transmission media?

a. It is the physical path between transmitter and a receiver.

b. It is the logical path between transmitter and a receiver.

c. It is the logical path between sender and receiver.

d. other

2. Which of the following best describes guided media?

a. Waves are guided along a soft medium path.

b. Waves are guided along a solid medium path (twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fiber).

c. waves are propagated through the atmosphere and inner/outer space

d. other

3. Which of the following best describes unguided media?

a. Waves are guided along a soft medium path.

b. Waves are guided along a solid medium path (twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fiber).

c. waves are propagated through the atmosphere and inner/outer space

d. other



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4. Which of the following best describes unguided media?

a. Use high frequency radio signals or infrared light beams to communicate between the

workstations and the server

b. Use low frequency radio signals or light beams to communicate between the workstations and

the server.

c. Use medium frequency TV signals or sound beams to communicate between the workstations

and the server.

d. other

5. What gives higher bandwidth?

a. Lower data rate.

b. Higher data rate.

c. Less services.

d. Others.

6. What are the influences of transmission impairments such as attenuation?

a. Increase the bandwidth.

b. Increase the distance.

c. Limit the distance.

d. Others.

7. What are the influences of overlapping frequency bands?

a. Can amplify the signal.

b. Can distort the signal.

c. Can improve the signal.

d. Others.

8. Which of the following needs transceiver/antenna to send and receive data

a. Guided media.

b. Unguided media.

c. Passive media.

d. Others.

9. Which of the following has poor security?

a. Guided media.

b. Unguided media.

c. Passive media.

d. Others.

10. Which of the following is susceptible to electrical interference from lights and radios?

a. Unguided media.

b. Guided media.

c. Passive media.

d. Others.



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11. Which of the following is expensive?

a. Unguided media.

b. Guided media.

c. Passive media.

d. Others.

12. Which of the following best describes an antenna?

a. Unguided media.

b. Mechanical conductors used to radiate or collect electromagnetic energy.

c. Electrical conductors used to radiate or collect electromagnetic energy.

d. Others.

13. Which of the following best describes a communication satellite?

a. a microwave relay station.

b. An ordinary station.

c. An electric station.

d. Others.

14. Which of the following best define the using purpose of a communication satellite?

a. to separate two or more stations.

b. to link two or more ground stations

c. to link two or more computers.

d. Others.

15. Which of the following best describes a communication satellite task?

a. Decreases the signal.

b. Attenuates the signal.

c. receives on one frequency, amplifies or repeats signal and transmits on another frequency

d. Others.



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Question 2

1. Fill in the following table with the appropriate cable designation.

Cable Designation



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2. Fill in the following table with the appropriate media designations.

Media Using Purpose Media Designation

They are used for multicast communications, such as radio and television,

and paging systems.

They are used for unicast communication such as cellular telephones,

satellite networks, and wireless LANs.

They can be used for short-range communication in a closed area using

line-of-sight propagation.

3. Fill in the following table with the appropriate transmission media type (guided, unguided).

Transmission Media Transmission Media

Type

Twisted pair, coaxial cable, optical fibre

Antennas, terrestrial microwave, satellite microwave, broadcast radio

Ground wave, sky wave, line of sight

Network Devices


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TOPIC 4

Exercise 1

Network Devices

Exercise 4 Network Devices


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Exercise No

4 Network Devices



Recognize the basic network devices.

Analyze and compare the serial and parallel data transmission processes

Recognize the network interface card (basic components, characteristics, tasks,…

Define a network segmentation,

Define the role of each network device,

Determine the advantages and the backwards of some network devices,

Determine the differences between some network devices,

1.Which of the following best describes the roles of network devices?

a. Expand or connect networks.

b. Can control the amount of traffic on a network.

c. Can speed up the flow of data over a network.

d. None of the above

2. Which of the following best describes the possibility of expanding a network?

d. Networks can be expanded by simple adding more servers or cabling.

e. Networks can be expanded by adding connectivity devices.

f. Networks can be expanded by extracting connectivity devices.

g. None of the above

3.Which of the following best describes the term creating larger networks?

a. Physically expand the network and segment network to filter traffic

b. Extend network to connect separate LANs

c. Connect two separate computer environments




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4.Which of the following are related to two crucial tasks of a network interface cars?

a. Establishes and manages the computer’s network connection

b. Connect the different parts of a motherboard

c. Translates digital computer data into signals (appropriate for the networking medium) for

outgoing messages, and translates signals into digital computer data for incoming messages


5. The data transmission between the central unit and the different computer internal components is

done through

a. A set of parallel lines (also called buses).

b. A set of serial lines.

c. A set of mixed lines


6. The transmission between the different network components is done through

a. A set of parallel lines.

b. A set of serial lines.

c. A set of mixed lines


7. The transmission through a set of parallel lines is

a. A fast transmission.

b. A slow transmission.

c. A medium transmission


8. The transmission through a set of serial is

a. A fast transmission.

b. A slow transmission.

c. A medium transmission


9. The network card must deal with two kinds of speeds (fast and slow). Therefore, it should:

a. Deal with these two kinds of speeds and provide a balance between them.

b. Ignore the elements working under a slow speed.

c. Prioritize the elements working under a fast speed.


10. The network card must deal with two kinds of speeds (fast and slow). For that purpose:

a. The network card stores the data into a ROM (read only memory).

b. The network card stores the data into a temporary memory that is a buffer.

c. The network card stores the data into a PROM (Programmable ROM).




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11. The number of nodes on a network and the length of cable used :

a. Strength the transmitted signal.

b. Improve the transmitted signal quality

c. Influence the quality of communication on the network. It attenuates the transmitted signal.


12. Which of the following best describes the roles of the repeater?

a. Clean and regenerate the digital transmission in the process

b. Work against attenuation by repeating signals that they receive on a network

c. Divide the transmitted signal.


13. Network segmentation using repeaters

a. Is Possible

b. Is not possible.

c. Depends on the repeater type.

a. None of the above

14. Which of the following best describes a hub?

a. A monoport repeater

b. A repeater

c. A multiport repeater.


15. Which of the following best describes a hub?

a. Can be used to create multiple levels of hierarchy of stations

b. Can be used to create a mono level of hierarchy of stations

c. Can be used to create ordinary connected stations


16. A multiple levels hierarchy of connected stations:

a. Is difficult to maintain and diagnose

b. Is easy to maintain and diagnose

c. Has not any advantages


17. A hub can be used to connect two networks which should have:

a. Different topologies

b. Same topologies

c. Different or similar topologies




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18. A hub which amplifies or repeat signals that pass through them is

a. A passive hub

b. An active hub

c. A neutral hub

d. All of the above

19. Hubs are often used in the following topology (topologies):

a. Star-wired ring

b. An active hub

c. Star

d. All of the above

20. Hubs are also called:

a. Switches

b. Buses

c. Concentrators


21. Hubs can connect

a. different network architectures, such as Token Ring and Ethernet

b. only similar network architectures.

c. only equal network architectures.


22. Hubs can

a. not reduce network traffic.

b. reduce network traffic.

c. Adjust network traffic.


23. Network segmentation using Hubs

a. Is Possible

b. Is not possible.

c. Depends on the hub type.


24. Hubs can connect networks that require

a. different types of frames

b. similar types of frames

c. any types of frames




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25. Which of the followings best describe "network segmentation":

a. The breaking down of a single slightly populated network segment into bigger segments,

or collision domains, populated by fewer nodes

b. The breaking down of a single slightly populated network segment into smaller segments,

or collision domains, populated by many nodes

c. The breaking down of a single heavily populated network segment into smaller segments,

or collision domains, populated by fewer nodes


26. Which of the followings best describe "a network segment":

a. A network that is linked with another network

b. Part of a network that is combined logically or physically with the rest of the network

c. Part of a network that is divided logically or physically from the rest of the network


27. Which of the followings best describe "a network segment"?

a. A network that is linked with another network

b. Part of a network that is combined logically or physically with the rest of the network

c. Part of a network that is divided logically or physically from the rest of the network


28. When network administrators place too many nodes on the same network segment, which of

the followings best describe the consequences?

a. This causes the number of collisions to increase

b. This causes the number of collisions to decrease

c. This causes the number of collisions to be moderated


29. Which of the followings best describe the functions of a bridge?

a. Filter traffic between network segments

b. Reduce network traffic by keeping local traffic on the local segment

c. Amplify signals


30. Which of the followings best describe the functions of a bridge?

a. Divide a large network into smaller segment

b. Isolate and control the link problems (e.g. congestion)

c. Regenerate signal and check Physical Address and forward only to the specified segment




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Let's analyze the following flowchart depicted in Fig. 1 and which is related to bridge

forwarding process:

Fig. 1: Bridge Forwarding

31. Which of the followings best describe the action taken in box "A"?

a. Forward frame on all LAN without exception

b. Forward frame on some LAN which are the nearest to port x.

c. Forward frame on all LAN except port x.


32. Which of the followings best describe the action taken in box "B"?

a. Forward frame to the correct LAN


c. Forward frame on all LAN except port x.




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33. Which of the followings best describe the action taken in box "C"?

a. Forward frame to the correct LAN


c. Count frame discarded.


Let's analyze the following scenario depicted on Fig. 2. We propose here some bridge-

forwarding tables.

Fig. 2: Creation of a bridge-forwarding table

Addresses Ports

Addresses Ports

Addresses Ports

A 1 A 1 A 1

B 1 B 1 B 1

C 2 C 2 C 2

D 3 D 3 D 3

E 4 E 3 E 3

F 4 F 3 F 4

Table 1 Table 2 Table 3



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34. Which of the followings best describe bridge-forwarding table?

a. Table 1

b. Table 2

c. Table 3


35. In which process, learning bridges build a table of MAC addresses?

a. as they receive frames

b. as they hear destination hosts

c. When data is processed


36. In order to determine which addresses are on which segments, which type of addresses learning

bridges use?

a. Destination MAC addresses

b.Source MAC addresses

c. IP addresses


37. Translation bridges can connect networks

a. with similar architecture

b. with particular architecture

c. with different architecture


38. Comparing Bridges with repeaters with hubs, we can conclude that:

a. Bridges are faster than repeaters and hubs

b. Bridges are as fast as repeaters and hubs

c. Bridges are slower than repeaters and hubs


39. Comparing Bridges with repeaters with hubs, we can conclude that:

a. Bridges are less expensive than repeaters and hubs

b. Bridges, repeaters and hubs have equal costs

c. Bridges are more expensive than repeaters and hubs


Answer Sheet Topics: 2, 3 and 4


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Assignment 1 - Answer Sheet

Student Name:

Questions Topic 2 Topic 3 Topic 4

a b c d a b c d a b c d 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.


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TOPIC 5

Exercise 1

Open System

Interconnection Model

Exercise 5 OSI Model


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Exercise No

5 Open System

Interconnection Model



Define and Know the Open System Interconnection Model

Define and determine the role of each layer of the OSI Model

1. Which of the followings best describe the term "OSI model"?

a. A reference tool for understanding data communications between any two networked

systems.

b.A general tool for collecting data communications between any two networked systems.

c. A general tool for assembling data communications between any two networked systems.

d. None of the above.

2. Which of the followings best describes the function(s) of the layers of the "OSI model"?

a. Each layer performs specific functions to support the layers above it and offers services to

the layers below it.

b.Each layer performs general functions to support any layers of the OSI model.

c. Each layer both performs specific functions to support the first and last layers in the OSI

model.


3. The lower layers of the OSI model

a. Are three layers and handle data transport issues.

b. Are four layers and handle data transport issues.

c. Are four layers and they handle applications issues.


4.The upper layers of the OSI model

a. Are four layers with application issues.

b. Are four layers and they handle data transport issues.

c. Are three layers and they handle applications issues.




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5. The physical layer and the data link layer are implemented

a. in hardware and software

b. Only in hardware.

c. Only in software


6. The upper layers of the OSI model are generally implemented

a. in hardware and software

b. Only in hardware.

c. Only in software




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1. For each definition in the following table, write the appropriate OSI layer.

Layer Definition

This layer is responsible for addressing messages and data so they are sent to the

correct destination, and for translating logical addresses and names (like a machine

name FLAME) into physical addresses. This layer is also responsible for finding a

path through the network to the destination computer.

This layer allows two applications to establish, use and disconnect a connection

between them called a session. This layer provides for name recognition and

additional functions like security, which are needed to allow applications to

communicate over the network.

This layer defines connector and interface specifications, as well as the medium

(cable) requirements. Electrical, mechanical, functional, and procedural specifications

are provided for sending a bit stream on a computer network.

This layer provides an interface for the end user operating a device connected to a

network.

This layer is what the user sees, in terms of loading an application (such as Web

browser or e-mail); that is, this application layer is the data the user views while using

these applications.

This layer ensures that data is delivered error free, in sequence and with no loss,

duplications or corruption. This layer also repackages data by assembling long

messages into lots of smaller messages for sending, and repackaging the smaller

messages into the original larger message at the receiving end.

This layer takes the data frames or messages from the Network Layer and provides

for their actual transmission. At the receiving computer, this layer receives the

incoming data and sends it to the network layer for handling. This layer also provides

error-free delivery of data between the two computers by using the physical layer. It

does this by packaging the data from the Network Layer into a frame, which includes

error detection information. At the receiving computer, this layer reads the incoming

frame, and generates its own error detection information based on the received frames

data. After receiving the entire frame, it then compares its error detection value with

that of the incoming frames, and if they match, the frame has been received correctly.

This layer determines the format used to exchange data among networked computers.


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TOPIC 6

Exercise 1

Protocols

Exercise 6 Protocols


37

Exercise No

6

Protocols



Define a protocol.

Identify the key elements of a protocol,

Define the "Layering" and its benefits

Analyze and compare the different types of protocols

1.Which of the followings best describe the term "protocol"?

a. a set of instructions saved in the computer RAM

b. a set of instructions saved in the computer ROM

c. a set of devices implemented in stand- alone computers.

d.a set of rules that governs the communications between computers on a network.

2.How protocols can be implemented?

a. In hardware

b.In software

c. In a mixture of hardware and software


3. Concerning protocol implementation, we observe in general the following

situation:

a. the lower layers are implemented in hardware, with the higher layers being

implemented in software

b. the higher layers are implemented in hardware, with the lower layers being


c. the lower layers are implemented in hardware, with the higher layers being



4. Actual communication is defined by:

a. the OSI model

b.various communication protocols

c. some types of the OSI model

d. All of the above



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5.Which of the following best describes the term "Layering"?

a. Layering is a design principle which divides the protocol design into a number

of smaller parts, each part accomplishing a particular sub-task and interacting

with the other parts of the protocol only in a small number of well-defined

ways.

b. Layering is a design principle which combines the protocol design with a

number of smaller parts, each part accomplishing a random sub-task and is

isolated at the other parts of the protocol.

c. Layering is a the process of analyzing the protocol design and its smaller parts.

Each part accomplishing a particular sub-task and interacting with the other

parts of the protocol only in a small number of well-defined ways.

d. All of the above

6. Which of the following best describe the benefits of layering?

a. Layering allows the parts of a protocol to be designed and tested without a

combinatorial explosion of cases, keeping each design relatively simple.

b. Layering permits familiar protocols to be adapted to unusual circumstances.

c. Layering has many advantages


7. Which of the following best describe the key elements of a protocol?

a. Syntax, semantics, measures.

b. Syntax, object, timing.

c. Syntax, Subject, timing.

d. Syntax, semantics, timing.

8. Which of the following best describe the term "syntax"?

a. the structure or format of the data, meaning the order in which they are

presented

b. the type of data which is processed.

c. the quantity of data which is processed.


9. Which of the following best describe the term "Timing"?

a. How fast data should be sent.

b.When data should be sent.

c. Both of the above.


10. Which of the following best describes the term "Semantic"?

a. How a particular pattern to be interpreted.

b. What action is to be taken based on that interpretation?





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11. Which of the following best describes the term "Connection-Oriented protocols"?

a. In connection-oriented services, a path is established between the two

communicating parties after the data have been exchanged.

b.In connection-oriented services, a path is established between the two

communicating parties before any data is exchanged.



12. Which of the following best describes the main characteristic of most Connection-

Oriented protocols?

a. They guarantee delivery

b. They do not guarantee delivery

c. They provide delivery only in some circumstances

d. All of the above.

13. Which of the following best describes the main characteristic of Connectionless

protocols?

a. They guarantee delivery

b. They do not guarantee delivery

c. They always provide delivery

d. All of the above.

14. Which of the following best describes a routable protocol?

a. a hazardous communication path can be set up between two

workstations

b. a successful communication path can be set up between two

workstations

c. All of the above.


15. Which of the following best describes a non-routable protocol?

a. a successful communication path cannot be set up between two

workstations

b. a successful communication path can be set up between two

workstations

c. a successful communication path can be always set up between two

workstations




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2. For each description in the following table, write the appropriate protocol type

(connection-oriented, connectionless, routable, and non-routable

Protocol Type Description

In this protocol, a successful communication path can be set up (either a virtual

connection-oriented circuit or a data path for datagram communication) between

two workstations, no matter what network hardware lies between them. For

example, machine A is on a separate network from machine B. A router linking the

two networks separates the two machines. The protocol realizes that machine B is

not on the same network as machine A; therefore, this protocol directs the data to

the router, which decides how to best forward it so that it reaches machine B.

This protocol makes no guarantees that the recipient is listening. Its service is

similar to the postal service: the sender addresses a letter to a particular person and

puts it in the mail. The sender doesn't know if the recipient is expecting to receive a

letter or if severe storms are preventing the post office from delivering the message.

This protocol is not able to make provisions to set up a successful communication

path between two workstations; the router drops any packets of this protocol that it

receives. The router does not forward a packet from this protocol even if the

packet's intended destination is on the connected subnet.

In this service, a path is established between the two communicating parties before

any data is exchanged. This ensures that there is a route between the two parties in

addition to ensuring that both parties are alive and responding. In addition, most of

these protocol types guarantee delivery, which increases overhead as additional

computations are performed to verify correctness.

3. For each protocol in the following table, check "" the appropriate

characteristic. (1 marks)

Connection-

oriented Connectionless Reliable Unreliable Fast Slow

TCP

IP

Answer Sheet Topics: 2, 3 and 4


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Student Name:

Questions Topic 2 Topic 3 Topic 4

a b c d a b c d a b c d 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

Answer Sheet Topics: 5 and 6


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Student Name:

Questions Topic 5 Topic 6

a b c d a b c d 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

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