Networking the Physical World

David E. CullerUniversity of California, Berkeley

Intel Research Berkeley

http://webs.cs.berkeley.edu

supported by DARPA NEST program, NSF, Intel, CITRIS and California MICRO.

2/18/03 IDF Panel

New Class of Computing

year

log

(p

eo

ple

pe

r c

om

pu

ter)

streaming informationto/from physical world

Number CrunchingData Storage

productivityinteractive

Mainframe

Minicomputer

Workstation

PC

LaptopPDA

2/18/03 IDF Panel

CMOS Trends: miniaturization and more

Itanium2 (241M )

nearly a thousand 8086’swould fit in a modern microprocessor

Processing & Storage

LNAmixerPLL basebandfilters

I Q

CommunicationSensingActuation

2/18/03 IDF Panel

Example uses

• Monitoring Environments– habitat monitoring, conservation biology, ...– Precision agriculture, land conservation, ... – built environment comfort & efficiency ... – alarms, security, surveillance, treaty verification ...

• Monitoring Structures and Things– condition-based maintenance– disaster management– urban terrain mapping & monitoring

• Interactive Environments– context aware computing, non-verbal communication– handicap assistance

» home/elder care» asset tracking

• Integrated robotics

CENS.ucla.edu

2/18/03 IDF Panel

System Challenges

applications

service

network

system

architecture

data mgmt

Monitoring & Managing Spaces and Things

technology

MEMSsensing Power

Comm. uRobotsactuate

Miniature, low-power connections to the physical world

Proc

Store

2/18/03 IDF Panel

Open Experimental Platform to Catalyze a Community

Small microcontroller

- 8 kb code, 512 B data

Simple, low-power radio

- 10 kb

EEPROM storage (32 KB)

Simple sensors

WeC 99“Smart Rock” Mica 1/02

NEST open exp. platform

128 KB code, 4 KB data

50 KB radio

512 KB Flash

comm accelerators

- DARPA NEST

Dot 9/01

Demonstrate scale

- Intel

Rene 11/00

Designed for experimentation

-sensor boards

-power boards

DARPA SENSIT, Expeditions

TinyOS www.tinyos.net

Networking

Services

Crossbow

2/18/03 IDF Panel

TinyOS/MICA Platform Users (ca 6/02)• INTEL CORPORATION• INTEL RESEARCH• JPL• KENT STATE UNIVERSITY• LAWRENCE BERKELEY NAT'L• LLNL• LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LAB• MARYLAND PROCUREMENT• MIT• MITRE CORP.• MSE TECH. APPLICATION INC• NASA LANGLEY RESEARCH CTR• NAT'L INST OF STD & TECH• NICK OLIVAS LOS ALAMOS NA• NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIV• PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV• PHILLIPS• ROBERT BOSCH CORP.• RUIZ-SANDOVAL, M.E.• RUTGERS STATE UNIVERSITY• SANDIA NATIONAL LABS• SIEMENS BUILDING TECH INC• SILICON SENSING SYSTEMS• SOUTHWEST RESEARCH• TEMPLE UNIVERSITY

• ACCENTURE• ALLEN, ANTHONY• ALTARUM• BAE SYSTEMS CONTROLS• BALBOA INSTRUMENTS• CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV• CENTRID• CLEVELAND STATE UNIV• CORNELL UNIVERSITY• DARTMOUTH COLLEGE• DOBLE ENGINEERING

COMPANY• DUKE UNIVERSITY• FRANCE TELECOM R&D• GE KAYE INSTRUMENTS, INC• GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV.• GEORGIA TECH RESEARCH INT• GE• GRAVITON, INC• HONEYWELL• HRL ABORATORIES

• UNIV SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA• UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA• UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI• UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO• UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS• UNIVERSITY OF IOWA• UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS• UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN• UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME• UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CA• UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS• UNIVERSITY OF UTAH• UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA• US ARMY CECOM• USC INFORMATION SCIENCES• VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY• VIGILANZ SYSTEMS• VITRONICS INC• WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY• WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY• WILLOW TECHNOLOGIES LTD• WJM, INC• XEROX• CENS @ UCLA

2/18/03 IDF Panel

Simple Technolgy, Broad Agenda• Social factors

– security, privacy, information sharing

• Applications– long lived, self-maintaining, dense instrumentation of previously unobservable phenomena– interacting with a computational environment

• Programming the Ensemble– describe global behavior, synthesis local rules that have correct, predictable global

behavior

• Distributed services– localization, time synchronization, resilient aggregation

• Networking– self-organizing multihop, resilient, energy efficient routing– despite limited storage and tremendous noise

• Operating system– extensive resource-constrained concurrency, modularity– framework for defining boundaries

• Architecture– rich interfaces and simple primitives allowing cross-layer optimization– low-power processor, ADC, radio, communication, encryption

2/18/03 IDF Panel

Confluence of Talent @ UCB

• David Culler, sys, arch, net• Kris Pister, MEMS, low-

power chips/rf• Jan Rabaey, pico-radio• Eric Brewer, P.L., sys, app• David Wagner, security• Shankar Sastry, dist. ctrl,

cyberinfrastructure• Kannan Ramachandran,

dist. coding• Laurent El Ghoui, opt.• Michael Jordon, alg.• Dick White, sensors• Bob Broderson, UWB

• Pravin Varaya, transport. • Paul Wright (ME) design,

fire, energy, power• Steve Glaser (CE),

structures, fire• Greg Fenves (CE),

earthquakes• Todd Dawson (IB),

eocphysiology• Ed Arens (ED), built env• Mary Powers (IB),

conservation biology• Alice Agagino (ME)• ...

2/18/03 IDF Panel

Confluence of Technologies

Embedded Systems Networking

MEMS

Many devices monitor and interact with physical world

Coordinate and perform higher-level tasks

Exploit spatially and temporally dense coupling to physical world

Small, untethered processing,storage, and control

Self-organized, power-awarecommunication

Mass-produced, low-power,short range, sensors & actuators

2/18/03 IDF Panel

backup

2/18/03 IDF Panel

MicroSensors

• MEMS, resistive, capacitive

• Accelerometer, vibration, magnetometer

• Light (solar, PAR), temperature, acoustic, wind

• Barometric pressure, humidity, moisture, fog, dew

• Touch, force, strain

• Motion, IR, occupancy

• CO, CO2, ...

2/18/03 IDF Panel

A new kind of information

• Streaming data from the physical world– rather than explicit creation by people

• Carries a tremendous amount of potential information

– what is where?, what is it doing?, how is it doing?, what else is there?

– why, what is causing it to do what it is doing?

• Shares many of the networking challenges in an extreme form

– real time, closed-loop, lossy, compression, content-based addressing, multicast, aggregate

• Plus a new set of challenges– How is it captured, categorized, index, mined, transported,

shared, protected?

– Energy, bandwidth, and storage constraints