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Net-Metering with PV roof-top systems:
Opportunities for commercial and private consumers
Dr. Rudolf Rauch, Program Director Renewable Energy, GIZ Indonesia
Berlin, March 04, 2014
PEP Information Workshop
Grid-connected PV in Indonesia and Thailand
05/03/2014
Renewable Energy Programme Indonesia
Renewable Energy for Indonesia: Great Potential - Big Challenges
Background
Indonesia worlds largest island nation (17000 islands)
Largest among the 10 ASEAN nations (240 Mio people)
6% economic growth/a, 8.5 %/a increase of electricity demand
Electrification ratio 70%, 70 Mio people without electricity
PLN state utility > 5000 powerplants, 5 MW/plant
Average electricity generation cost of PLN: 0.10 Euro/kWh
In remote areas: 0.25 – 0.80 Euro/kWh (Diesel)
Solarirradiation: 4.1-6.0 kWh/m2/d (ca 50% > than Germany)
PV-potential: ten times Germany
Presently installed PV: 40 MW
Low electrification ratio – challenge to electrify islands
Indonesia first comer, started solar in 1980ties
Cheap oil – Curse and Blessing
Subsidies: oil = 20 Billion USD/a, electricity: 10 bil. USD/a
History and Goals of Renewables/Solar in Indonesia
Increase rural electrification from 70% now to 90% by 2020
Decrease CO2 emissions by 26% (relative) till 2020
Increase share of renewables from 6% (2006) to 17% (2020)
Substitute diesel in power generation from 21% now to 3% (2015)
History
Goals
How realistic is the 17% RE Goal?
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Forecast installed power in Indonesia (8% growth/a)
6750 kWh/cap/a
Regulation on Net-Metering of Photovolatik Devices
PT PLN (PERSERO)
REGULATION OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF PT PLN
(PERSERO)
NUMBER: 0733.K/DIR/2013
CONCERNING
UTILIZATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC ELECTRICAL ENERGY
BY CUSTOMERS OF PT PLN (PERSERO)
19. November 2013
PLN Regulation on Net -Metering
1. A Customer-owned Photovoltaic device shall be installed and placed on a building owned by the Customer.
2. The Photovoltaic device as referred to in paragraph (1) is allowed to be operated in parallel with PLN electricity system.
3. Customer/s may send the excess kWh energy from the Photovoltaic system to PLN electricity system
4. PLN may provide information on electrical energy received by PLN from the Photovoltaic system, if necessary.
Article 3: Installation of Photovoltaic-Devices
PLN Regulation on Net-Metering
PLN installs the export import (exim) type of kWh meters for PLN
customers that utilize photovoltaic electrical energy, in addition to the
PLN electricity.
The electrical energy received by PLN from the Photovoltaic system will
be offset by PLN with the electrical energy delivered to the Customers.
In the event that the energy received by PLN from the Photovoltaic
system as referred to in paragraph (2) is greater than the energy
delivered by PLN, the differences become kWh deposits to be taken into
account in subsequent months thereafter.
A Minimum Charge shall still be charged to Customers in accordance
with the amount of installed power connected with PLN.
Article 4: Transactions of Electricity
Electricity Prices in Indonesia
Good thing they are on the rise (2014: 35%-65%)
Bad thing they are still too low (2013: < 0.9 Euro/kWh)
Good and Bad
Electricity Prices in Indonesia on the rise (1 Euro = 16000 Rp)
2013
[Rp/kWh]
2014
[Rp/kWh]
Industry (I2) <200 kVA 1361
Industry (I3) > 200 kVA 1124 1562
Industry (I4) > 30000 kVA 1012 1667
Business (B2) 6.6 -200 kVA 1352
Business (B3) > 200 kVA 1418
Government Building (P1) 6.6 -200 kVA 1352
Luxury Households (R3) > 6.6 kVA 1352
From May 2014 onwards prices will be adjusted according to inflation, exchange rate, oil price
Potential Market Segments
Tariff Groups I2,I3,I4
Example I2: fish and ice factories on islands, unreliable supply by PLN diesel grid, own DG-sets. additional benefit: increased supply security, reduced own diesel consumption
Example I3, I4: industrial estates and international companies, large roof top areas, increased supply security, green image, CSR
Industry
Potential Market Segments
Tariff Groups B2, B3
Example B2: smaller hotels and tourist resorts, increased supply security, green image, eco-tourism
Example B3: Private Schools/Universities. Pilot project 500 kW roof top PV, zero energy house, Jakarta
Example B3: bigger hotels and shopping malls.
Some 4 and 5 star hotels in Bali are paying above standard rates
to get electricity from PLN (up to 1750 Rp/kWh).
Many shopping malls have large roof top areas, max cooling
demand coincides with sunshine, reduced el.demand (shading)
Business
Potential Market Segments
Tariff Group P1
Airports: big government extension programme for domestic airports. High visibility, supply security
Government buildings: on central, provincial and district level
Government schools:
Remark: Will depend largely on government programs, access only vial local companies
Government Buildings
Potential Market Segments
Tariff Group: R3
Luxury home owners in major cities: Jakarta, Bandung, Medan, Makassar, etc
Real estate developers specialised in this segment
Construction companies specialised in this segment
Benefit for owner: Supply security, insufficient electricity supply in many new development areas). High environmental awaraness of this customer group. Money does not matter. Image gain.
Luxury Households
Pilot Project: Zero Energy School in Jakarta – 500 kWp roof top
Key to market development
Meet customer needs
Competitive product, not only technical but also by cost
Good replication and standardization potential
Service structure which satisfies customer
Good local representative
Good demonstration project
Diverse Market
Advantage: private customers (except P1)
Timing: When to enter the market?
Catch the Sun – Shade the Buildings
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